mammalian heart

and
atherosclerosis
learning objectives
1. relate the structure and operation of the
mammalian heart, including the major of blood
vessel, to its function.
2. know the cardiac cycle
3. understand the course of events that lead to
atheroschlerosis
heart
structure
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ
located in the chest cavity
the cardiac cycle
During systole and diastole, heart valves open and close as a result of pressure changes
atherosclerosis
 cardiovascular diseases
Coronary heart disease (CHD) includes any condition that interferes with the
coronary arteries which supply blood to the heart muscle
The main risk factors for CHD include:
1. Genetic factors
2. age and sex,
3. high blood pressure
4. smoking
5. obesity
6. high concentrations of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
atherosclerosis
how atherosclerosis develop
Damage to endothelial lining of artery (e.g. high blood pressure, smoking)
Trigger inflammatory response – white blood cells accumulate in the artery
wall
Cholesterol builds up forming a atheroma
Calcium salts and fibers build up forming a plaque which narrows the artery
Obstructed flow of blood lead to increased blood pressure, causing further
damage to endothelial lining (positive feedback mechanism).
effect of atherosclerosis

A C
aneurysms B angina
raised bloood
D pressure E
myocardial stroke
infarction

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