08-10-2021

8-OCTOBER-2021

The Hindu News Analysis – 8th October 2021 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

1 Stronger at the grassroots (OPED) 13 11 7 9 7

2 ‘Genetic proof for domestication of sheep’ 11 9 - 7 -

3 World Bank retains India FY22 GDP growth forecast at 8.3% 18 16 12 14 12

4 Killing the chills (Editorial) 12 10 6 8 6

5 21-day drive to clean Yamuna kicks off in city - - 3 - -

6 Prelims Practice Questions

@ end of the video
7 Mains Practice Question
*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram

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Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)
Current events of national and international importance.
Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System,
Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
History of India and Indian National Movement
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-III
General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice
and International relations .
Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features,
amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
Pg: 13 – C; Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and
Pg: 11 – B; challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers
Pg: 7 – D, T; and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
Pg: 9 - H

Practice Question – Mains

GS- II
Q. Panchayati Raj Institutions, as a grass root
institutions have a important role to play during
the crisis situations. Elucidate.

(250 words, 15 marks)

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Foreground Evolution of PRI

• Panchayat - Council of • Ancient India - Similar form of local governance.

elders representing a village
• Institutionalization - Magna Carta of local democracy
• Panchayati Raj
Ripon Resolution of 1882 - Rural Local boards
Form of government at
• Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 - local self-government —
the village level
under the proposed scheme of Dyarchy — a “transferred
Each village is responsible subject”.
for its own activities.
• The Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992

Panchayats role during the pandemic

PRI to combat disasters
• Swift response - Helped people recover
• Yokohama strategy - disaster prevention
quickly and minimise deaths
• Include disaster management chapters in
• Provided essential leadership at the local
Panchayat Raj Acts
level
• Make disaster planning and spending part a of
• Performed both regulatory and welfare
Panchayati Raj development plans
functions
• Conducting regular location - specific training
• Effective implementation of welfare schemes
programmes for the community through PRI
- quickened the pace of recovery of economy
• Organising platforms for sharing best practices
Example - MGNREGA and the National
Rural Livelihood Mission • Community-based disaster management plans
can be laid down with PRI help
• Basic unit of gram sabha acted as idea
chambers

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Practice Question – Mains

GS- II
Q. PRIs as a grass root institutions have a important
role to play during the crisis situations. Elucidate

(250 words, 15 marks)

Pg: 11 – C;
Pg: 9 – B;
Pg: 7 - H

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Domestication

• Process in which people grow plants and look

after animals.
• Reason - animals provide milk and meat.
• Different from Wild - Selective breeding
• Domestication began about 12,000 years
• Animal domestication - Hunting was realised as
ago.
an unsustainable activity
Earliest domesticated plants - wheat
• Hunting gathering society - Animals were killed
and barley.
and consumed immediately.
Earliest domesticated animals - sheep
• Animals reared to be used in times of
and goat.
scarcity.

• Changed outlook for food quest - Food

production and animal domestication

• Long term planning for a season

• Places of domestication
Domestication of Sheep
Mountains of Southeast Europe and
• Reason - Meat, milk, wool and hides. Central/Southwest

• Extremely Versatile Asia - Greece, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Hungary,

Uzbekistan, Syria, Yugoslavia, Turkmenistan,
• Beginning of domestication
Iraq, Romania, Tajikistan, Bulgaria,
First domesticated sheep resided mainly in the
Afghanistan and Iran.
Middle East and Central Asia and introduced
from thereon.

Species - from the mounflon flocks - 2 claims

1. Mounflon breeds in parts of south

western Europe

2. Mounflon breeds of mountains of Asia

Minor and southern Iran.

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Findings:

• Domestication of sheep from Lineage A had taken

News place in the Indian subcontinent in the Indus Valley
civilisation regions - 6th or 7th millennium BC.
• Researchers studied sheep from 2
different lineages Contradicting the notion - Domesticated sheep
arrived in Indian subcontinent through migration.
Lineages A - Bellary, Coimbatore,
Hassan, Katchaikatty Black, Nilgri, • Lineage B sheep introduced into the Indian
Ramnad White, and Vembur sheep. subcontinent through sea route.

Lineage B - Mandya and Sonadi Contradicting the notion that they migrated from
breeds. the Mongolian plateau.

Domestication in IVC

• Dogs, cats, humped bull and shorthorn cattle.

• Evidence of domestic fowl, camels, buffalo, and pigs.

.
Practice Question – Prelims
Q. With reference to the history of the world,
consider the following statements:
1. Wheat and barley were some of the
earliest plants to be domesticated.
2. Domestication of sheep did not happen
in Indian subcontinent.
Which of the statements given above
is/are incorrect?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Pg: 18 – C;
Pg: 16 – B;
Pg: 12 – D, T;
Pg: 14 - H

World Bank Group (WBG)

• Largest multilateral development bank
• Only multilateral development bank that is not bound to
a specific region.
• Two ambitious goals - end extreme poverty within a
generation and boost shared prosperity.
• Made up of five institutions:
World Bank (WB)
• IBRD and IDA together referred
as World Bank - WBG's instruments
for public lending.
• IBRD - provides low-interest loans
to creditworthy middle income poor
countries.

1. International Bank for Reconstruction and • IDA - world's largest source of

Development (IBRD), interest-free loans and grants to
the poorest countries.
2. International Development Association (IDA),
Many poorest countries are in
3. International Finance Corporation (IFC),
Africa.
4. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA),
funds replenished every 3 years
5. International Centre for Settlement of Investment by donor countries.
Disputes (ICSID).

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• Mission - to help people thereby

enabling them help themselves and their
environment by providing resources,
sharing knowledge, building capacity
• A banker, donor, adviser, knowledge resource,
and forging partnerships in the public
and partner.
and private sectors.
• Members - 189 countries.
• Functions
• Two basic types of lending instruments -
Provides wide array of services and
Investment Loans and Development policy loans.
advice

Facilitates private sector finance

and investment in developing
countries.

Pg: 12 – C;
Pg: 10 – B;
Pg: 6 – D, T;
Pg: 8 - H

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World Health Organization - anti-malaria

vaccine

• Vaccine - Pilot programme participants

(children and infants) in Africa

• WHO – In 2019, nearly half the world’s

population was at risk of malaria

Estimated 229 million cases in 2019

WHO African region - 94% of cases and

deaths.

• Children under five - Most vulnerable group

affected by malaria

Accounted for about two thirds of all

malaria deaths.

• Recommendation - Pilot projects

implemented in child health clinics in Ghana,
Kenya and Malawi

• Data and insights

Feasible and improves health and saves

lives.

Significantly reduce the severity of cases

and prevent deaths.

• Facilitated equitable access to malaria

prevention

• Acts against P. falciparum - deadly malaria

parasite globally.

• Need - Speedy implementation

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Pg: 3 – D;

Yamuna

• Western most and longest tributary of the

Ganga.

• Origin - Yamunotri glacier of Banderpunch

peak

• Flows parallel to the Ganga before joining it

at Prayag (Allahabad).

• Yamuna and its catchment together is 40.14%

of total Ganga River Basin

• States it traverses - Himachal Pradesh, Uttar

Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Rajasthan,
Delhi and Madhya Pradesh.

Image source: http://cwc.gov.in

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Image source: https://fore.yale.edu

• Issues – subjected to over exploitation both

in quantity and quality.
Tributaries:
Large population is dependent on the
• First 170 km stretch - Rivers Rishi Ganga
river.
Kunta, Hanuman Ganga, Tons and Giri.
Polluted by in National Capital Territory,
• Right bank - Chambal, Sind, Betwa and Ken.
Agra and Mathura.
• Left bank - Hindan, Rind, Sengar, and
Delhi is the major contributor to
Varuna, etc.
pollution in NCT - the 2% of the length
• Tons is the largest tributary of Yamuna in Delhi accounts for over
75% of the total pollution load.
• Chambal is the longest tributary.
85% of the total pollution - domestic
source.

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. Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Which among the following rivers are
tributaries of River Yamuna?
1. Tons
2. Seonath
3. Giri
4. Pranhita
5. Chambal
Select the correct answer from the code
given below.
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only
(c) 2, 4 and 5 only
(d) 1, 3 and 5 only

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. Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Which among the following rivers are Practice Question – Prelims
tributaries of River Yamuna? Q. With reference to the history of the world,
1. Tons consider the following statements:

2. Seonath 1. Wheat and barley were some of the

earliest plants to be domesticated.
3. Giri
2. Domestication of sheep did not happen
4. Pranhita in Indian subcontinent.
5. Chambal Which of the statements given above
Select the correct answer from the code is/are incorrect?
given below. (a) 1 only
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (b) 2 only
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(c) 2, 4 and 5 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(d) 1, 3 and 5 only

Practice Question – Mains

Answers GS- II
Q1. Option (d) – 1, 3 and 5 only Q. PRIs as a grass root institutions have a important
Q2. Option (b) - 2 only role to play during the crisis situations. Elucidate

(250 words, 15 marks)

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