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Lghbrgs lämdebs
www.vdnnilgmdecrbup.ebl [écdfi | 9
Lghbrgs lämdebs
DF]QBMWEEDÕF
Nbs tutbrgs mg Pdnnilgmde tg milbs ni lés sdfegri adgfvgfdmi i fugstri Ieimgldi. Icrimgeglbs ni
ebf`difzi qug jis mgpbsdtimb gf fbsbtrbs y tg isgcurilbs fugstrb eblprbldsb mg jiegr tbmb nb pbsdang
piri eulpndr nis gxpgetitdvis qug tdgfgs mg eiri i tu prgpiriedõf mg [rg Dftgrfimb 1;1; .
Gs prgedsb siagr qug gf gstbs lblgftbs qug dfdedis prgpiriedõf jiy 5 pdnirgs qug fb mgags bnvdmir gf
- Ni Mdsedpndfi sg mgsirrbnni mgn jéadtb y piri gsb mgags tgfgr uf jbrirdb (ni mdsedpndfi sg `brli ebf gn
jéadtb gstrdetb y ästg tdgfmg ipirgegr nugcb mg 5 lgsgs mg sgcudr gn erbfbcrili, fbsbtrbs ng mgedlbs nbs
pugmgf nbcrir, ni dmgi gs qug sgpis tbmb gn tdglpb euiftb puftihg fgegsdtis, tblir ebf`difzi gf tu
prgpiriedõf y nbcrir rgspbfmgr tus gxpgetitdvis ebf tu lghbri gf eimi sdlunierb, fb bnvdmgs qug nbs
crupbs mg Sjitsipp sbf enivgs piri liftgfgrtg df`brlimb gf tbmb y gstg tg liftgfmré gf`beimb pbrqug
- Ugcudr nis sucgrgfedis mg ni ieimgldi8 Ni gxpgrdgfedi gf prgpiriedõf y tgfgr nbs rgsuntimbs qug jglbs
mgsirrbnnimb sg aisi gf ufi gstritgcdi, tbmb nb qug vdstg gf vdmgbs ijbri nb vdvdrés eblb fufei iftgs,
pgrb gsb sì, fb mghgs mg jiegr fimi mg nb qug Pdnnilgmde tg sucdgrg.
Ebf gsti Cuìi mgn Inulfb Pdnnilgmde, ufi argvg mgserdpedõf mg ni lgtbmbnbcìi y btris ebfsdmgriedbfgs
Mbegfedi Pdnnilgmde
www.vdnnilgmdecrbup.ebl [écdfi | 1
Lghbrgs lämdebs
ÌFMDEG
EQBFBCQI
EQBFBCQILI
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LG]BMBNBCÌI ................
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P. GN MGUEIFUB
MGUEIFUB ..................................
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.....11
www.vdnnilgmdecrbup.ebl [écdfi | 5
Lghbrgs lämdebs
EQBFBCQILI
9) Dfserdtbs gf ni lbmindmim prgsgfedin8
prgsgfedin8
i. Nucir mg nis enisgs8 Iv. Arisdn 159 ― Egftrb mg @brliedõf gf Uinum „Uif Eildnb“
1) Dfserdtbs gf ni lbmindmim vdrtuin8 nis enisgs vdrtuings sg ietdvif 1 mìis mgspuäs rgindzimi ni enisg
5) Nbs Gxélgfgs mg Ugclgftb sg mgsirrbnniréf gf gn eilpus vdrtuin y sg ietdvif i pirtdr mgn lgmdbmìi
sgcøf `geji prbcrilimi gf gn erbfbcrili.
=) Nbs Gxélgfgs Udlunierbs sg ietdviré gf gn eilpus vdrtuin 9 mìi mgspuäs rgindzimb prgsgfedinlgftg
y sg ietdvif i pirtdr mgn lgmdbmìi.
EQBFBCQILI @IUG D
@GAQGQB
Eirmdbnbcìi
9: 94 1; 19 11 15 1=
Fgulbnbcìi
Qgpisb vdrtuin mg Eirmdbnbcìi Gx. Ugclgftb mg Eirmdbnbcìi
Gx. Udlunierb F⁻ 9
17 10 13 1: 9 1 5
lbmd`deiedbfgss
Ugclgftbs gstéf suhgtbs i lbmd`deiedbfg
www.vdnnilgmdecrbup.ebl [écdfi | =
Lghbrgs lämdebs
LIQXB
Nufgs Lirtgs Ldärebngs Hugvgs Pdgrfgs Uéaimb Mbldfcb
= 7 0 3 : 4 9;
99 91 95 9= 97 90 93
Gx. Ugclgftb mg
Qgpisb vdrtuin mg Cistrbgftgrbnbcìi Jglitbnbcìi
Cistrbgftgrbnbcìi
9: 94 1; 19 11 15 1=
17 10 13 1: 14 5; 59
Qgulitbnbcìi
Qgpisb vdrtuin mg Fgurbnbcìi Gx. Ugclgftb mg Fgurbnbcìi
Gx. Udlunierb F⁻ 1
IAQDN
Nufgs Lirtgs Ldärebngs Hugvgs Pdgrfgs Uéaimb Mbldfcb
9 1 5 = 7 0 3
: 4 9; 99 91 95 9=
97 90 93 9: 94 1; 19
11 15 1= 17 10 13 1:
Gfmberdfbnbcìi
MGUEIFUB MGUEIFUB
Gx. Udlunierb F⁻ 5
www.vdnnilgmdecrbup.ebl [écdfi | 7
Lghbrgs lämdebs
LITB
Nufgs Lirtgs Ldärebngs Hugvgs Pdgrfgs Uéaimb Mbldfcb
14 5; 9 1 5 = 7
Gx. Ugclgftb mg
0 3 : 4 9; 99 91
95 9= 97 90 93 9: 94
1; 19 11 15 1= 17 10
Btbrrdfbnirdfcbnbcìi ―
Gx. Ugclgftb mg
Qgpisb vdrtuin mg ]riulitbnbcìi B`tinlbnbcìi
]riulitbnbcìi
Gx. Udlunierb F⁻ =
HWFDB
Nufgs Lirtgs Ldärebngs Hugvgs Pdgrfgs Uéaimb Mbldfcb
13 1: 14 5; 59 9 1
Gx. Ugclgftb mg
Qgpisb vdrtuin mg Btbrrdfbnirdfcbnbcìi - B`tinlbnbcìi Wrbnbcìi Btbrrdfbnirdfcbnbcìi -
B`tinlbnbcìi
5 = 7 0 3 : 4
9; 99 91 95 9= 97 90
93 9: 94 1; 19 11 15
Qgpisb vdrtuin mg Bastgtrdedi [gmditrìi [irtg 9 Gx. Ugclgftb mg Bastgtrdedi
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Lghbrgs lämdebs
1= 17 10 13 1: 14 5;
HWNDB
Nufgs Lirtgs Ldärebngs Hugvgs Pdgrfgs Uéaimb Mbldfcb
9 1 5 = 7 0 3
: 4 9; 99 91 95 9=
97 90 93 9: 94 1; 19
11 15 1= 17 10 13 1:
14 5; 59 9 1 5 =
www.vdnnilgmdecrbup.ebl [écdfi | 3
Lghbrgs lämdebs
www.eilpusvdrtuinvdnnilgmde.ebl/
mdspbsdtdvbs md`grgftgs (piri gvdtir suspgfsdbfgs mg`dfdtdvis mg ni eugfti pbr usb dfmgadmb y md`usdõf,
www.vdnnilgmdecrbup.ebl [écdfi | :
Lghbrgs lämdebs
QGEWGQMI8
Gn ieegsb in eilpus sg pugmg mir mgsmg sus brmgfimbrgs ([E, Niptbp) b mdspbsdtdvbs lõvdngs, pgrb sd sg rgcdstri
gn dfcrgsb mg løntdpngs brmgfimbrgs ebf uf ldslb usuirdb in ldslb tdglpb, sg prbegmgré in anbqugb mg ni Eugfti
mgn Wsuirdb, yi qug sg rgcdstri gn D[ mg ieegsb (Ug iftdedpi gnnb piri FB tgfgr prbanglis ebf ni imldfdstriedõf mgn
ldslb)
www.vdnnilgmdecrbup.ebl [écdfi | 4
Lghbrgs lämdebs
LG]BMBNBCÌI
D. ]W]BQ PDNNILGMDE
Nbs tutbrgs sbf lämdebs rgsdmgftgs b isdstgftgs qug jif rgindzimb gn gxilgf [QG DF]GQFIMB LDFUI
- GUUINWM ebf nis lghbrgs eind`deiedbfgs y jif sdmb sgngeedbfimbs pbr su pgr`getb ebfbedldgftb mg ni
Gn tutbr gs ufi pdgzi enivg gf ni prgpiriedõf y ufi `dcuri gspgedinlgftg rg`brzimi gf fugstri Ieimgldi
9. Gxpndeiedõf mgn prbcrili mg gstumdb cgfgrin, qug mgagrés sgcudr mg ni `brli lés ihustimi pbsdang,
mg enisgs
).
1. Gxpndeiedõf mg ni lgtbmbnbcìi mg gstumdb mgn gxilgf [rg Dftgrfimb LDFUI ― GsUinum mg `brli
=. Ugcudldgftb mg tu gvbnuedõf criedis i ni ipndeiedõf df`brlétdei gspgeì`dei mg nbs tutbrgs, ebf ni
prgpiriedõf.
7. Ipbyb piri euinqudgr prbangli b mumi rgniedbfimi ebf ni prgpiriedõf mgn Gxilgf, ni
triväs mg ni dftgrieedõf mg nbs crupbs mg Sjitsipp qug sg ergif muriftg mdejis `isgs .
]utbrìi pgrsbfindzi
pgrsbfindzimi8
mi8 ]bmbs nbs inulfbs tdgfgf uf tutbr pgrsbfin isdcfimb mgn euin ngs `iedndtirglbs
www.vdnnilgmdecrbup.ebl [écdfi | 9;
Lghbrgs lämdebs
qug nb prgedsgs y än/gnni sg mdrdcdré i ustgmgs sdglprg qug mgtgetg incøf prbangli gf tu prgpiriedõf b
]utbrìis mg crupb8 Gxdstgf mbs `brlis8 ]utbrìis mg Brdgftiedõf (Ug mgsirrbnnif i nb nircb mgn eursb) y
]utbrìis mg Udlunierb (enisgs mg [grnis y [gpis). Mgags iprbvgejir gstis beisdbfgs piri pbmgr
sbnuedbfir tbmis nis mumis yi qug fb jiy lghbr `brli mg jiegrnb qug i triväs mgn ebftietb mdrgetb,
piri nbs inulfbs mgn iuni vdrtuin sg prbygetif vdmgbs mg tutbrìi dlpirtdmis gf prgsgfedin ebf gn `df mg
Muriftg tu prgpiriedõf, nb qug tdgfgs qug ebfsgcudr gs ebfvgrtdrtg gf gxpgrtb ebfbegmbr mg ni täefdei mgn
gxilgf, gf gxpgrtbs ghgeutbrgs mg prgcuftis tdpb tgst, y pgr`getbs ebfbegmbrgs mg ni litgrdi qug sg
prgcufti.
Eblb jglbs gxpugstb iftgrdbrlgftg, nbs tglis prgcuftimbs gf gn gxilgf [rg Dftgrfimb LDFUI ―
gf nb qug mg vgrmim prgcuftif, nb qug gs dlpbrtiftg piri gn gxilgf. Nb qug tdgfgs qug ebfsgcudr muriftg
tu prgpiriedõf gs imqudrdr ufi vdsdõf cnbain mgn ebfhuftb mg nis litgrdis prgcuftimis, y ni lghbr `brli mg
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Lghbrgs lämdebs
Nbs prõxdlbs lgsgs, pbsdanglgftg, vif i sgr ufb mg nbs lés murbs mg tu vdmi gstumdiftdn? Pis i
vi i sgr ni prbticbfdsti mg tbmb8 tø. Uõnb ufi pgrsbfi vi i sgr rgspbfsiang mg iprbair gn gxilgf (tø), y
LÄ]BMB MG [QG[IQIEDÕF
Gn Gxilgf mg GsUinum sg iprugai fb `innifmb nis prgcuftis "`éedngs" y "rgcunirgs". Nis prgcuftis "luy
md`ìedngs", qug sbf nis qug lés sg eblgftif sdglprg, sbf ufi ldfbrìi gf gn gxilgf, y fb sbf fgegsirdis
piri tgfgr uf augf gxilgf mg GsUinum, fd sdqudgri piri sieir uf augf følgrb. Gsis prgcuftis "luy
md`ìedngs" sbf nis qug sgpirif i nbs edgf prdlgrbs pugstbs mg nbs mglés, y piri pbmgr iegrtirnis gs
fgegsirdi ufi crif aisg mg triaihb prgvdi, muriftg ni eirrgri mg Lgmdedfi. [grb fb qugrglbs gfciùirtg,
gn fb `innir nis prgcuftis "`éedngs" y "rgcunirgs" mg ]BMI ni eirrgri mg Lgmdedfi rgqudgrg uf gs`ugrzb
lbfulgftin pbr pirtg mgn gstumdiftg, gs`ugrzb euyi rgftiadndmim prgtgfmglbs luntdpndeir ebf fugstris
enisgs mdrdcdmis, ndarbs mg gstumdb y mg rgpisb, tgst, sdlunierbs, gte. Nis prdlgris sglifis sbf nis lés
md`ìedngs (Nis prdlgris 91, sbarg tbmb piri mgsirrbnnirtg jéadtb mg gstumdb), y euifmb tgfmrés qug rgindzir
eblpngtilgftg uf mìi i ni sglifi (gn mbldfcb mgspuäs mgn lgmdbmìi, nugcb mg tu gxilgf mg
sgclgftb).
Nbs sgds mìis rgstiftgs (mg nufgs i séaimb) jiaré qug sieir euitrb jbris mg triaihb in mìi. Fb
jiy fdfcøf "trueb" qug pgrldti sieir uf augf pugstb gf gn gxilgf mg GsUinum sdf triaihir luy
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Lghbrgs lämdebs
murb. Ug prgsgftif iprbxdlimilgftg 9;;; gstumdiftgs, tbmbs ebf eipiedmimgs sdldnirgs, y sieif
lghbr pugstb nbs qug lés jif triaihimb. Fb jiy btrb sgergtb8 tdgfgs qug triaihir luejb, y mdrdcdr
Gstumdb (5 jbris mdirdis). Mgagrés gstumdir tbmbs nbs mìis, mg nufgs i vdgrfgs, gf tu eisi b gf ufi
adandbtgei. (Gstb ipirtg mg nis jbris mg ufdvgrsdmim mdirdi qug tdgfgs), gf gstis jbris dfenuyg gn
rgpisb mg nis enisgs nngvimis nbs mìis séaimb y nbs vdmgbenisgs mg ipbyb tgõrdeb ndagrimb. Gsti
Gxélgfgs mg tgst (9 jbri mdirdi). Mgagrés rgsbnvgr nis prgcuftis prbpugstis pbr Pdnnilgmde gf
sus Aifebs GFIL, GsUinum (Ug tg gftrgcõ gf gn eursb) y Aifeb sgngetb. Nbs mìis mbl dfcb mgags
usir 9 jbri piri rgsbnvgr eimi gxilgf mg sgclgftb prbpugstb muriftg ni sglifi.
*Enisgs mdirdis mg ipbyb tgõrdeb8 Qgedadrés enisgs criaimis sgngeedbfimis mg fugstrb eursb mg
Qgsdmgftimb qug tg iyumiréf tgfgr ufi aisg piri nbs tglis lés md`ìedngs mg ni prgpiriedõf, gstb
mgag tblirtg gstumdirnb iprbxdlimilgftg 1 jbris mdirdis (Ebfsdmgrimi mgftrb mg nis 5 jbris mg
gstumdb mdirdb). Muriftg gsg tdglpb pbmrés rgpisir mg `brli dftgfsdvi nb gstumdimb gsg ldslb mìi gf
pécdfi wga eblb inulfb mgn Eursb), mg `brli qug sgpis qug litgrdi mgags gstumdir y qug
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Lghbrgs lämdebs
Lbtdviedõf
Erggr qug gn øfdeb lätbmb mg batgfgr uf augf følgrb mg brmgf gstg gxilgf gs gstumdir lé s
qug nbs mglés. Fb jiy itihbs, qug pgrldtif batgfgr uf augf rgsuntimb sdf triaihir. Ni eipiedmim
Yug rginlgftg tg custg ni Lgmdedfi. Fb mgags bmdir tgfgr qug gstumdirni. Yug tg custg rgebrmir y
iprgfmgr Lgmdedfi.
Fb tg mgsifdlis pbr tgfgr luejb qug gstumdir. Eimi mìi tg mgags gf`rgftir sbnb i nb qug lirei
gn eingfmirdb mgn Eursb piri gsg mìi. Fb mgags dftgftir rgeupgrir ebsis qug jis mghimb sdf jiegr,
fd pgfsir gf nb qugmi „pbr mgniftg“, muriftg gn rgstb mgn Eursb. [dgfsi sbnb gf gstg mìi.
Gn Nucir Mg Gstumdb
Fb gstumdir gejimb gf ni eili.
]gfgr uf nucir mg gstumdb inghimb mg rudmbs (tgngvdsdõf) y mdstrieedbfgs (tgnä`bfb, rgmgs sbedings...)
Fb dftgrrulpdr gn gstumdb piri ejitgir, ldrir nis rgmgs sbedings b ebfsuntir fbtdedis gf dftgrfgt.
Gn Jbrirdb
Gn tgfgr uf jbr irdb
irdb mg gstumdb tdgfg nis vgftihis mg iyumir i ebfegftrirsg répdmilgftg y i fb mdvicir, y
iyumir i ergir gn jéadtb mg gstumdb. Wf jbrirdb `dhb mg gstumdb y uf augf rdfeõf piri gstumdir (gf gn qug
www.vdnnilgmdecrbup.ebl [écdfi | 9=
Lghbrgs lämdebs
Gf ni prgpiriedõf mgn gxilgf mg GsUinum fb sdrvgf crifmgs gs`ugrzbs uf mìi sì y mbs fb. Gn øfdeb triaihb
g`deiz gs gn qug sg rgindzi mg ufi lifgri rgcunir y EBF]DFWIMI. Ni pr gpiriedõf pugmg eblpirirsg i
ufi eirrgri mg liritõf, mbfmg nbs ebrrgmbrgs qug batdgfgf nbs lghbrgs rgsuntimbs sbf nbs qug ebfsdcugf
liftgfgr uf augf rdtlb jisti gn `dfin. Ud glpdgzis gstumdifmb i uf rdtlb mgsbradtimb, nis `ugrzis tg
muriftg tbmi ni prgpiriedõf uf rdtlb mg gstumdb mglisdimb `nbhb. [iri supgrir gstg gxilgf jiy qug
ebfsgcudr uf rdtlb õptdlb, fd mglisdimb répdmb fd mglisdimb ngftb, y liftgfgrnb muriftg tbmi ni
prgpiriedõf. Gn jbrirdb mg gstumdb ji mg sgr rgindsti, piri pbmgrnb eulpndr sdf basgsdbfgs. Mg fimi sdrvg
ebf`geedbfir uf jbrirdb pgr`getb sbarg gn pipgn, sd nugcb fb sg pugmg eulpndr. Euitrb jbris mdirdis mg
gstumdb pugmg ebfsdmgrirsg, pbr rgcni cgfgrin, uf rdtlb imgeuimb gf gn Eursb @isg D. I gstis = jbris
mgagrés iùimdr gn tdglpb mgmdeimb in rgpisb mdirdb, isdstdgfmb i enisg mg nbs séaimbs sd jis gngcdmb ufi
lbmindmim prgsgfedin, b gf tu mbldedndb, sd jis gngcdmb ni lbmindmim mg prgpi riedõf i mdstifedi.
Nis prdlgris sglifis sbf nis lés muris, nugcb gn jéadtb sg ebfsbndmi y sg fgegsdti eimi vgz lgfbs
Eulpndr in pdg mg ni ngtri gn jbrirdb mg gstumdb. Intgrir gn jbrirdb mg gstumdb sõnb pbr ufi eiusi mg
`ugrzi liybr
]grldfir ni sgsdõf mg gstumdb ebf uf rgpisb, piri `dhir nbs ebfegptbs iprgfmdmbs muriftg gsg mìi.
Eblprbair sglifinlgftg sd jis ineifzimb nbs bahgtdvbs qug tg jiaìis prbpugstb (mg triaihb y
mg rgfmdldgftb)
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Lghbrgs lämdebs
In `riclgftir gn triaihb gf pgrìbmbs mg uf mìi , ufb sg pugmg ebfegftrir gf uf triaihb murb pgrb
„isgqudang“, gvdtifmb gn pgfsir ebftdfuilgftg gf ni eiftdmim mg ebsis qug qugmif pbr jiegr. Jiy qug
pgfsir gf ni tirgi mgn mìi, fb gf nb qug mghilbs iygr sdf jiegr, fd gf nb qug tgfmrglbs qug jiegr liùifi.
Mg tbmbs gnnbs, mgspuäs mgn gqudndardb glbedbfin, gn lés dlpbrtiftg gs gn gstumdb. Ud fb mgmdeis su`dedgftgs
jbris i imqudrdr ebfbedldgftbs fugvbs b i rgebrmir ebsis qug incufi vgz supdstg pgrb qug jis bnvdmimb,
fb prbcrgsirés mg `brli imgeuimi gf ni prgpiriedõf mgn Gxilgf. Eimi ufi mg gstis virdiangs ghgreg
df`nugfedis sbarg nis mglés, y gs gn ebfhuftb mg nis ldslis gn qug ebfsdcug „lbvgr“ gn lgeifdslb mg ni
Gstumdir = jbris in mìi (sdf ebftir ebf gn tdglpb mg enisg fd gn tdglpb mgmdeimb i nbs tgst)
Iftgs mg glpgzir i gstumdir, mgags gxildfir cnbainlgftg tbmi ni litgrdi bhgifmb ni gstimìstdei
Iufqug in eblgfzir eimi isdcfituri, vgis qug jiy luejis ebsis mg nis qug fb tg iebrmiais,
www.vdnnilgmdecrbup.ebl [écdfi | 90
Lghbrgs lämdebs
fb gftdgfmgs b gf nb qug ebfsdmgris qug pugmg sgr ufi pbsdang prgcufti mgn gxilgf.
Wtdndzir uf mdeedbfirdb mg tärldfbs lämdebs (b Sdodpgmdi) eimi vgz qug tg gfeugftrgs ebf ufi
Ebfbegr ni rgftiadndmim qug tdgfgf piri td nis mdstdftis isdcfituris (lgmdiftg gn iféndsds gstimìstdeb
eulpnif gstbs trgs rgqudsdtbs8 litgrdis jdstõrdeilgftg dlpbrtiftgs gf gn gxilgf, qug jiaìis
[niftgirtg prgcuftis sbarg nbs tglis qug gstumdis, dftgftifmb rgniedbfirnbs ebf mitbs qug yi
sgpis.
Iebstularirtg i jiegr pgqugùbs gsquglis ldgftris gstumdis, ebf gn bahgtdvb mg iprgfmgr gf gsg
ldslb lblgftb fb ebf ni dmgi mg prgpirir gn litgrdin piri gstumdirnb lés imgniftg, lgsgs
mgspuäs, eblb jieìis muriftg ni eirrgri mg Lgmdedfi, sd fb piri `iedndtirtg gn gstumdb gf gsg ldslb
lblgftb).
Dftgrgsirtg pbr nis dlécgfgs lämdeis, dnustriedbfgs b cré`debs qug ieblpiùif in tgxtb
bnvdmi.
Qgpisir nb qug jis gstumdimb in `dfin mgn mìi, isdstdgfmb i enisg, b pbr tu eugfti, sd erggs qug
Ud tg sbari tdglpb gf incufi isdcfituri (nb euin sgré md`ìedn), imglés mg gstumdir nbs lifuings mg
Pdnnilgmde, gs ebfvgfdgftg nggr btrbs ndarbs (eblb gn eblpgfmdb mgn Jirrdsbf). Ud fb pugmgs, fb tg
www.vdnnilgmdecrbup.ebl [écdfi | 93
Lghbrgs lämdebs
icbadgs, i eisd fimdg ng mi tdglpb i jiegr gstb. Gn Wp]bMitg gs ufi augfi `ugftg mg rgpisb
rgeblgfmiang.
Gn ebladfir tbmbs nbs mìis gstumdb y prgcuftis pgrldtg ineifzir gn léxdlb rgfmdldgftb, tu bahgtdvb. Fb
mgags, aihb fdfcufi edreufstifedi, mghir mg gftrgfirtg mdirdilgftg gf ni rgindziedõf mg gstg tdpb mg
gxélgfgs ([br gsb sg gftrgci gn Aifeb GsUinum). Batgfmrés ebf gnnb løntdpngs agfg`dedbs, tg mghilbs
Mg nufgs i vdgrfgs FB mghgs prgcuftis sdf ebftgstir, ebftgsti ]BMIU nis prgcuftis qug ngis. Gn
øfdeb mìi qug mgagrés gftrgfir gn rdgscb y mghir prgcuftis sdf ebftgstir gs gn sé aimb.
Jiz nbs gxélgfgs mg sgclgftb gf ni `geji dfmdeimi, gvdtir tgfgr tbmbs nbs gxélgfgs
Uõnb sd jiegs uf Udlunierb gf pipgn8 Fb ldrgs ni rgspugsti jisti jiagr sgùinimb ni qug gsebcgs
eblb véndmi, piri gvdtir sgftdrtg tgftimb i jiegr „trilpi“ ebfsdmgrifmb qug ufi prgcufti qug jis
`innimb nb jis jgejb dflgrgedmilgftg, pbrqug fb ngìstg ebf itgfedõf ni prgcufti, y eiladir ni
rgspugsti dfdedin. (Nbs inulfbs rgedadréf nbs gxélgfgs mg Udlunierb pbr ebrrgb, nbs prgsgfedings
Mgags nggr UBNB gn eblgftirdb mg nis prgcuftis qug jis `innimb y FB gftdgfmgs. Gf eisb qudgris
nggr gn eblgftirdb
eblgftird b mg tbmbs fb jiy prbangli, ni dmgi gs qug ngis tbmbs, gf gn vdrtuin nbs eblgftimbs
eblgft imbs
]g iebfsghilbs jiegr gn gxilgf i uf rdtlb répdmb, mg 9;; prgcuftis / jbri, mg `brli qug pugmis
ieiair uf gxilgf gf lgfbs mg 9 jbris. In prdfedpdb gsti vgnbedmim tg rgsuntiré dlpbsdang, pgrb
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Lghbrgs lämdebs
pbeb i pbeb (euifmb luejis mg nis prgcuftis yi tg „sugfgf“) drés imqudrdgfmb ni vgnbedmim
fgegsirdi.
GsUinum)
Euifmb mbs bpedbfgs sbf ifticõfdeis ufi sugng sgr ni ebrrge ti.
Euifmb mbs bpedbfgs sõnb sg md`grgfedif gf ufi piniari, ufi mg gnnis sugng sgr ni ebrrgeti.
Nbs gfufedimbs fb eitgcõrdebs, qug ebftdgfgf piniaris eblb "pugmg" b "cgfgrinlgftg", sugngf
sgr vgrmimgrbs.
vgrmimgrbs.
Nbs gfufedimbs eitgcõrdebs, qug ebftdgfgf piniaris eblb "sdglprg", "fufei", "tbmbs", sugngf sgr
`insbs.
Nbs gfufedimbs nircbs, ipirgftglgftg nõcdebs y ebf ghglpnbs sugngf sgr vgrmimgrbs.
Itgfedõf i nis "piniaris enivg" gf nbs gfufedimbs mg nis prgcuftis, gsi piniari tg pgrldtdré
Mbs bpedbfgs dcuings sg ifunif gftrg sì. Fb pugmg jiagr mbs bpedbfgs véndmis gf ufi prgcufti
mg tgst „mdrgeti“ (gstg trueb fb sg ipndei, pbr supugstb, i nis prgcuftis „fgcitdvis“, ebf = bpedbfgs
I pgsir mg nb qug pugmis pgfsir, fb jiy ebsis pitbcfblõfdeis gf lgmdedfi. ]bmb „pugmg“ b
Euifmb gn gfufedimb ebftgfci ni piniari "pugmg", ni rgspugsti gs "tbmbs nbs iftgrdbrgs". [br
Euifmb tg gfeugftrgs ebf ufi prgcufti riri fb tg rdfmis, dftgfti rizbfir. Gn trueb lés dlpbrtiftg
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Lghbrgs lämdebs
ni prgpiriedõf.
9. Pdmgbenisgs8
Pdmgbenisgs8 Mg ietdviedõf sglifin, ni enisg mg = jbris criaimi gf inti eindmim qug tg pgrldtdré
sgcudr ebf uf gstumdb brmgfimb sbarg nbs eursbs i triaihir, nis pugmgs gseuejir mgsmg nbs
mdspbsdtdvbs md`grgftgs, tdgfg uf augf mdsgùb cré`deb y fdtdmgz piri sgcudr ni enisg ldgftris nbcris
5. Pdmgbenisg ― Ipbyb tgõrdeb8 enisgs sgngeedbfimis mg fugstrb „eursb mg rgsdmgftimb lämdeb“ piri
mirtg sbpbrtg gf nbs tglis mg liybr md`deuntim mg iprgfmdzihg, NBU [QDL QBU [W U]BU NB
QGEBLDGFMIF EBLB NI AIUG LÉU CQIFMG MG IJÌ UIEIQ½U LWEJBU QGUØLGFGU YWG
=. Gxélgfgs mg sgclgftb8 Ubf gxélgfgs mg nis isdcfituris triaihimis gf ni sglifi, sbf ietdvimis
sgcøf prbcrili, bandcitbrdis qug nis rgindegf, tdgfgf mg tdglpb 9 jbri piri uf tbtin mg 7; prgcuftis
pbr sgclgftb triaihimb (Qgvdsir Pdmgb ]utbrdin mg eõlb rgindzir uf gxilgf vdrtuin gf gn eilpus
Pdnnilgmde).
Pdnnilgmde ).
pniftgir i nbs prb`gsbrgs mg eimi isdcfituri nis mumis qug ngs surhif.
Gn `brlitb mg `brb pgrldtg imglés qug sg agfg`dedgf mg nis mumis prgcuftimis pbr sus eblpiùgrbs,
qug pugmg qug fb surcdgrif gf su lblgftb, pgrb qug ngs rgsuntgf dfstruetdvis y mg crif iyumi.
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Lghbrgs lämdebs
3 ebf gn 9;) y eblprbaifmb qug ni tgfmgfedi gs in inzi. Eblpirir mbs sdlunierbs ebfsgeutdvbs fb gs øtdn
pugs ni gvbnuedõf gf uf pgrdbmb tif ebrtb gs md`ìedn. Imglés, fb bnvdmgs qug nb dlpbrtiftg fb gs gn rgsuntimb
ebfergtb mg eimi sdlunierb, yi qug jiaré ufbs lés `éedngs y btrb lés md`ìedngs y bavdilgftg gn rgsunt imb
sg lbmd`deiré gf `ufedõf mg gsi eblpnghdmim, pgrb piri tbmbs nbs inulfbs, fb sõnb piri fbsbtrbs.
Gxietilgftg dcuin gn mìi mgn gxilgf mg rgsdmgfedi lämdei pbmré sgr lés `éedn b lés md`ìedn, pgrb nb sgré
piri tbmbs pbr dcuin. [br gnnb, gn pgregftdn batgf dmb, sgré uf mitb lés bahgtdvb qug mglugstri gvbnuedõf
rgin. Mg tbmis `brlis mgags siagr qug ni gvbnuedõf mg eimi ufb gs luy virdiang,
virdiang , incufbs eblgfziréf
ebf puftuiedbfgs lés intis y nugcb ni suadmi sgré lgfbr ldgftris qug btrbs tgfmréf uf liybr rgebrrdmb
mg puftuiedõf i lghbrir. Dcuinlgftg, incufbs suadréf mg `brli gspgetieunir muriftg gsti `isg piri nugcb
gstiadndzirbs gf ni sdcudgftg, ldgftris qug ni liybrìi sg liftgfmréf eisd gstétdebs piri nugcb „gxpnbtir“
muriftg ni pirtg `dfin mgn edenb Dftgfsdvb. Gn rgsuntimb fb pugmg sgr susegptdang mg iféndsds fd mg
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Lghbrgs lämdebs
gstumdb. Nb dlpbrtiftg gs jiegr nis ebsis adgf pbrqug sd gs isì ngs isgcurilbs qug iftgs b mgspuäs
ieiair és
és vdäfmbnb pnislimb gf tus rgsuntimbs.
P. GN MGUEIFUB
Nbs mgseifsbs muriftg gsti gtipi sbf dcuin mg dlpbrtiftgs qug
dlpbrtiftgs qug nis ietdvdmimgs mg triaihb. Gs ufi `isg
muri, nirci y mg`dfdtdvi piri tu prgpiriedõf. Gs dlpbrtiftg qug liftgfcis ni eiagzi trifqudni y gn eugrpb
`ìsdeilgftg gf ebfmdedbfgs jisti gn mìi mgn Gxilgf mg GsUinum. Mg fimi sdrvg gstumdir luejb uf lgs y
nugcb gstir tif eifsimb qug muriftg edfeb lgsgs fb pugmis isdldnir nis isdcfituris ebrrgspbfmdgftgs y
mg fimi sdrvg tgrldfir gsti `isg tif icbtimbs qug fb pugmis rgindzir imgeuimilgftg nis sdcudgftgs.
Uiaglbs qug tbmbs gstéf iebstularimbs i gstumdir luejb, pgr b ngs isgcurilbs qug fufei jiaréf
rgindzimb mgmdeiedõf gxenusdvi muriftg tiftb tdglpb sgcudmb i gsti ietdvdmim, y i nircb pnizb pgsi
lgftinlgftg sd fb sg eudmif.
mgspghir ni lgftg. Dftgfti sindr mg eisi, jiegr mgpbrtg y rgniedbfirbs ebf cgftg qug fb jiang mgn
iprbvgejir adgf gn gstumdb mdirdb sgré fgegsirdb qug dftgftgs mbrldr 0 - : jbris mdirdis pbrqug sd fb,
ngs isgcurilbs qug mgspuäs mg virdbs lgsgs pisiré `ieturi. Muriftg gn gstumdb mg incufi isdcfituri
gs augfb rgebrmir qug eimi lgmdi jbri sg mgag mir uf eiladb mgn bahgtb mg ebfegftriedõf, gstb ebf
pbr ufis jbris mgn Gxilgf, mgspuäs mgn lgmdbmìi. Incufbs tgfmréf ni tgftiedõf mg utdndzir gn mbldfcb
eblb mìi mg ipbyb piri eblpngtir tglirdb, pgrb mgagf sgr luy rgspgtubsbs ebf gstg tgli. [br
edreufstifedis pgrsbfings pugmg qug jiyi incufi sglifi mbfmg fb pugmis gstumdir btrb mìi pbr nb
qug gf gsg eisb pugmgs utdndzir gsg mìi mg mgseifsb eiladéfmbnb pbr gn mbldfcb.
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