Sedimentation

Things in Water
General Settling Velocity Equa.

 4 g  p   f d 
0.5
24 3
vt    CD   0.5  0.34
 3Cd  f  R R

Special Cases (what if NR is small, if NR is large?)

24 C D  0.34
CD 
R
Stokes Settling Velocity Equa.

g  p   f d 2
vt 
18
SR LR
 Ideal Discrete Particle Settler
L

Q
vv
D vh
Does vv = vh?

tv = th th = tv

th = L/vh = L/(Q/WD) L D LWD D Q

  vv 
Q vv Q vv LW
tv = D/vv
WD
Rectangular Clarifier
Rectangular Clarifier w/ Tube Settlers

DEMO

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxTRwQOvCnw
Rectangular Clarifier w/ Tube Settlers DEMO

Worst case settling time 

d
between plates dV

d  d  d
t V   
vs  cos    vs cos 
vs
 vs@
Particle travel time
through the plates
LP
tp 
v fc  vs sin  vfc

v fc d AIBM Actually by algebra

Since: t = tp vs 
LP cos  d sin 
Q = flowrate, N = no. plates,
Q Q d = distance between plates,
v fc  vs 
Ndw NwLP cos   d sin   w = width of plates,
Lp = length of plates
Loading
Rates
 1.
3.

Design
Criteria
2.
4.
5.
6.

7.
 Example 7-4
Given: Q = 0.5 m3/s 6 clarifiers 4 m wide 2 m deep ++
vO = 32.5 m3/m2-d Find: design hor. clarifier

AS 
0.5 m s 86,400 s d 
3
 1,300m 2
AS 1  1,300m 2 / 6  222m 2
32.5 m 3 m 2  d

222m 2 55m
L  55m L :W   13.8 > 6:1, OK
4m 4m
D  2m 55m
L:D   28 > 15:1, OK
DSWD  2m  1m  3.0m 2m
DT  2m  1m  0.6m  3.6m

0.5 m3 s
vf   0.0104 m s 0.005-0.018, OK
6 tanks2m4m
break
 Example 7-4 cont
 2m4m  
0.0104 m s  
 2m  4m  2m 
NR   8,000 < 20,000, OK
1.307 x10 m s 2m4m
6 2

NF 
0.0104 m s 
2
 1.1x10 5 > 10-5, OK
9.81m s 2 1m
55m
LL   18.5m
3
43,200 m3 d
WL   65m 3 / m  d
6 tanks6 launders18.5 m launder2 sides
< 250 m3/m-d, OK
 Example 7-4 for Inclined Plate Settler
Given: Q = 0.5 m3/s 6 clarifiers 4 m wide 2 m deep ++
vO = 32.5 m3/m2-d Find: design hor. clarifier

AS 
0.5 m s 86,400 s d 
3
 1,300m 2
AS 1  1,300m 2 / 6  222m 2
32.5 m 3 m 2  d

222m 2 55m
L  55m L :W   13.8 > 6:1, OK
4m 4m
D  2m 55m
L:D   28 > 15:1, OK
DSWD  2m  1m  3.0m 2m
DT  2m  1m  0.6m  3.6m

0.5 m3 s
vf   0.0104 m s 0.005-0.018, OK
6 tanks2m4m
 Sedimentation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9rHSLUr3PU
Clarifiers
 Understanding Chapter 7

1. Read Chapter 7

2. Use the Chapter Review (7-6) to understand what you

should have learned in the chapter

3. Work 7-2, 7-9, 7-12, 7-16

4. Use the Discussion Questions (7-8) to have a discussion

with your friends about the problems.