KHAO SAT UNG DUNG CONG NGHE CHUP ANH HANG KHONG BANG MAY BAY KHONG NGUGI LAI (UAV] TRONG CONG TAC KHAO SAT BIA HINH MAT DAT KS. Cao Tudn Ding, KS. V6 Thanh A Trung tam $é ligu co ban Téng céng ty Tu vn thiét k8 GTVT - CTOP TOM TAT Bai béo gidi thiéu tng quan vé céng nghé chup anh hang khéng bing may bay khong nguei lai (UAV), quy trinh xt ly anh UAV dé xay dung mo hinh s6 46 cao, binh a6 anh, tao cdc mat cat dia hinh phuc ‘vu céng tic thiét ké céng trinh giao théng, Banh gid kha nang 6 thé ap dung trong céng téc khdo sat dia hinh cdc tuyén udng giao thong. 1. DAT VAN DE Thigt bi bay khéng ngudi Idi UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), hay hau hét céc co quan, t8 chic hang khéng trén thé gidi goi ching la H8 théng may bay khéng ngudilai VAS (Unmanned Aircraft System). Trudc day thiét bi bay khéng nguéi i chi yéu duoc ting dung trong finh vac quan su, tuy nhién ngay nay véi su phat trign ctia khoa hoc cong nghé thi UAV [a giai phap rat hitu ich va duge ving dung hiéu qué trong nhiéu Tinh vue khac nhau ctia adi séng nhu trong dng nghiép, lim nghiép, dién anh cing nhy cdc Ung dung khoa hoc thuéc linh vuc dia ky thuat khéng gian. Cong nghé chup anh hang khéng str dung thiét bi bay khéng ngudi Idi UAV aé thanh lap ban d6 va mé hinh s6 mat dat da dugc nhiéu nude trén thé gidi ting dung va dem fai higu qua rat cao, 6 Vigt Nam trong nhiing nam gan day da cé nhigu céng trinh _nghién cu ching minh d6 chinh xdc va higu qua tia viéc ting dung UAV. Quamét 6 bai bo va céng trinh nghién dtu ting dung thiét bj bay UAV chup anh tai mét 56 du dn tai Vit Nam nhu khai théc mé, hanh lang tuyén éién cao thé, ban 46 dia hinh ty 18 1/500 da cho thay ning wu diém néi bat nhu chi phi thép, quy tinh bay cchup xtrly anh nhanh, dé chinh xc cao va dé dang tao mé hinh dilidu s6 3D. Bac biét thich hop vei nhiing du an thanh lap ban 6 khuvuc nhé, hep dang tuyén nhu cdc céng trinh giao théng, 8 dim bdo cho viéc thiét ké ac céng trinh giao théng duoc t6i uu thi céng tac lap ban dé dia hinh v6 cling quan trong, Trong thuc té sin xust hién nay cong tac Khao sat lap ban d6 dia hinh cha yéu dua vao céc loai thiét bi do dac phé théng nhut thiét bi thu tin higu vé tinh GNSS, may toan dac dién ti, may kinh vi, may thy chudin... Véi phuong phap chup anh hang khéng bang UAV thi vigc khao sat, lip ban dé dia hinh sé mat rat nhigu inh, ThS. Pham Van Tudn cong stic va thai gian, dic biét 461 v6i nhimg ving dia hinh nui cao, hiém tr8, dia hinh khé di Iai. Véi dia hinh dang tuyén hep va kéo dai hang chuc aén hang tram km thi viée st dung cong nghé UAV sé bdo dam duce tién 6 va d6 chinh xdc cn thiét. Véi céng nghé UAV cho phép ta lap ban dé dia hinh véi dai bang tuyén di réng véi thd gian ngan 8 nghién cuu huéng tuyén ma véi céc_phuong phap truyén théng khéng cho phép do chi phi qua cao va tign d6 gap, do 46 cho phép ngudi ky su thiét ké c6 nhiéu Iya chon trong céch nhin nhén téng quan dé Iva chon duge huéng tuyén t6i wu nnhat cho du dn va c6 tinh thuyét phue nhat déi véi céc chil thé lign quan trong trinh bay bso do phan bién du an. 2.TONG QUAN VE CONGNGHE Céu tao hé théng chup anh hang khéng ky thuat so bing may bay khéng nguoi lai (UAV) 48 xy dung ban dé dia hinh duge chia thanh 4 thanh phan chinh nhu sau +H8 théng may bay; + May anh ky thuat s6; + Tram diéu khién mat at; + Tram xirly anh tao mé hinh sé mat dat THONG TIN TU VAN THIET KE - SOQUY 1/2016 MI 57© KHAO sat Méy bay UAV May énh KTS Tram diéu khién Tram xitly anh Hinh 1: Thanh phan he théng thanh Idp mé hinh s6 mat dat bang UAV 2.1. Hé théng may bay He théng may bay bao gém Than may bay, déu thu GPS, cam bién t6c a6 gid, cam bién 6 cao, cam bién dp xudt, cém bin cin bing va bé thu phat tin higu, ngoai ra trén may bay con mang theo 1 qua pin dung 4é cung cp nguén ign cho toan bé cdc thiét bi trén may bay. May bay khéng ngudi Iai cé nhigu hinh dang va kich c6 khac nhau, mdi loai déu c6 nhiing wu diém va nhuge diém riéng, do 6 ty ting cng vige cu thé ma ingudi strdung lua chon loai may bay phi hop. UAV duge chia ra lam 2 loai chinh theo cdu tao li may bay cénh c6 dinh (Fixed Wing UAV) va may bay cénh quay (Rotary Wing UAV). + May bay canh cé dinh (Fixed Wing UAV) UAV cénh 6 dinh bao gém mot nh cting ¢6 dinh, c6 kha nang bay bing céch tao ra Ie nang trong khang khi va luc day cua dong co phia sau. Téc 46 bay cua may bay duge tao ra béi lc dy bang déng co dét trong hoac déng co dién nip phia sau may bay. Uu digm chinh ctia UAV cénh 6 dinh Ta né 6 mét edu tric don gin hon so véi loai cénh quay, do 46 quy trinh bao tri va sif@ chia don gian hon, Quan trong hon la véi cdu trie don gin sé dm bao tinh khi dong hoc higu qua hon dan dn thai gian chuyén bay dai han & téc 6 cao, do dé cho phép ching hoat déng 6 céc khu vue khio sat l6n hon trén méi chuyén bay nnhat dinh, May bay cnh c6 dinh cang c6 thé mang trong tai [én hon, khoang céch bay xa hon va tén it din nang cho phép né mang theo céc cam bién va may anh l6n hon (tt hon) do dé 46 chinh xéc cing nhu chat Ivong nh tét han, Nhuge diém ca may bay cénh é dinh la su cén thiét phai bé tri uge dugg bang hay bé phéng cho vide cft va ha cénh, Ngoai ra gi thanh cia thiét bi cao cting la mhuge diém ca cdc loai may bay cénh ¢6 dinh. + May bay canh quay (Rotary Wing UAV) May bay cdnh bing Geoscan 101 Hinh 2:M6t s6 logi may bay cdinh bang ‘Méy bay Trimble UXS 58 Ml THONG TIN TU VAN THIET KE - S6 QUYIN/2016KHAO SAT May bay 4 canh quay Méy bay 8 cdinh quay Hinh 3: M6t s6 loai may bay cdnh quay phé bién May bay cénh quay bao gém 2 hoac 3 cénh quat xoay quanh mét truccé dinh. UAV cénh quay €6 t6i thiéu 1 cénh quat (truc thang), 3 cénh quat (tricopter), 4 cénh quat (quadcopter), 6 cénh quet (hexacopter), 8 cdnh quat (octocopter) cing nhu céc thiét ké khéc thung hon nhu 12 va 16 canh quat. Nguyén ly bay ctia may bay cénh quay la suiphéihop cia caccénh quat quay tao ra luc nang nang may bay lén thang diing hoac di chuyén theo hung bat ky. * Wu dim: - Loi thé lén nhat cha UAV cénh quay la kha nang cat cénh, ha cénh theo chiéu thing ding vva rit co dng trong qué trinh bay. Biéu nay cho phép ngudi ding hoat déng & nhiing dia hinh chat hep ma khéng cén phi b6 tri €uéng bang cat cénh, ha cénh nhy loai cénh bang, cing nhu cé thé thay 461 46 cao va chuyén huéng bay mét céch dé dang ~ Kha nang bay tai ché va kha nang bay co déng lam cho UAV cnh quay rat phi hop v6i cong téc bay chup 6 dia hinh phuc tap va cé dién tich nhé. * Nhuge diém: - May bay canh quay cé cdutao lin quan dén co khi va dign tu phic tap do d6 yéu céu qué trinh béo tri va sila chia phiic tap hon so véi may bay cénh <6 dinh = Do téc a6 thép han va thai gian bay ngan han vi vay sé phai Hinh 4: My anh Sony EXMOR 1/2.3" ‘ Hinh 5: May dnh Sony NexSR bay nhiéu chuyén bay hon so voi may bay cénh cé dinh, 2.2. My dinh ky thudt sé Thong thudng céc may anh sit dung dé chup anh mat dat bang UAV a céc loai may anh ky thuat 86 c6 kich thuée nhd gon, <6 tiéu cy ¢6 dinh va kha nang léy nét tu dong, Mét 55 may anh sit dung phé bin nhu sau: - Quay Video 4K (lén én 30 hinh/giay) - Chup anh 12 megapixels ~ Chéng rung va ¢6 3 truc thang bang -Tiéu cu ng kinh f/2.8 ~Trudng dng kinh 94° - Quay Video full HD - Chup anh 16 megapixels = Chéng rung -Tiéu cy’éng kinh (f/1.4 -f/16) ~Trudng dng kinh 94° THONG TIN TU VAN THIET KE - SOQUY 11/2016 M59© KHAO sat 2.3. Tram diéu khién mat adt Méi hé théng may bay UAV éu phai duoc diéu khién bing tram digu khién mat dat. Cou tao ciia tram diéu khién mat at bao gém: 2.4, Tram xttly nh UAV tao mé hinh sé mat dat Tram xi ly anh bao gém may tinh tram Workstations <6 céu hinh manh duce cai dat phén mém chuyén xi ly anh may bay 8 ta0 mé hinh s6 mat dat. Bac im chung cia céc phan mém vit IY nay 18 tu c&e bute nh sé duoc chup tir UAV vei dé phii ti 70 - 90% sau khi xt ly s@ tao ra mé hinh dim may diém (Point Cloud), mé hinh sé bé mat (DSM), mé hinh s6 a6 cao (DEM) vva anh truc giao (Orthomosaic) ‘# Mét s6 phan mém chuyén xit ly anh UAV phé bién &Viét Nam - Trimble Business Center Photogramettry va Inpho UASMaster ciia hang Trimble = Agisoft PhotoScan cia hang Geoscan Nga = Pixdd mapper cla Thuy Sy 3. QUY TRINH THUC HIEN VA KET QUA DAT BUgC 3.5. Quy trinh bay chup va xitly anh Bi véi cong téc bay chup thi vide lap ké hoach, kiém tra diéu kign bay Ia cin thiét va rét quan trong, né quyét dinh dén céng ‘tc an toan bay va chat Iueng anh bay chup. = May tinh bang hoae dién thoai théng minh dugc cai dat phan mém lap trinh bay va dig khién bay. Bay la céc phn mém chuyén dung 46 thiét ké bay, digu khién bay va c6 thé lap ké hoach vi tr hugng cét canh, ha cénh tai thuc dia. - B6 diéu khién 6 thiét bi thu phat tin higu ding dé két néi may tinh bang véi may bay. ¢ Hinh anh mét sé thiét bi va phén mém digu khién UAV cla mot s6 hang phé bién c6 mat & Viet Nam Tay digu khién ding 8 két ndi vei may bay ~ May tinh bang hoac dign thoai théng minh duge cai dat phén mém digu khién Dl Go hoac phan mém digu khign khac Hin 6:86 diéu khién cho Phantom 3 Phan mém duge cdi trén din thoai thong minh hoac may tinh bang dung dé diéu khién cdc may bay cua mot s6 hang may bay UAV Hinh 7: Phan mém diéu khiénPieaD capture ht Operation Trimble Access™ Aerial Imaging chuyén ding dé diéu khién céc may bay UAV cia hang Trimble sin xuat Hinh 8: Phin mém diéu khién méy bay UAV Céng tae chugn bi bao gém hoach dinh vi tri va pham vi cén bay chup, kim tra ving cdm bay, tidp dén la kiém tra cdc did kign théi tiét cé phis hop cho céng téc bay chup hay khong, Khi cdc digu kign dé tién hanh thi tuc bay dm bdo, tiép 4én [a thigt ké tuyén bay bing phin mém chuyén dung va tién hanh bay chup anh. ‘Sau khi cé két qua bay chup, s6 ligu bay chyp bao gém anh sé va toa d6 cae diém khéng ché nh dugc dua vao phin mém xit ly anh Agisoft Photoscan hoac 60 Ml THONG TIN TU VAN THIET KE - S6 QUY 11/2016KHAO SAT Thong 56 thor téthign tai Théng 56 thaitiét theo gitt ‘Ban d6 vit vang cm bay Hinh 9: Céc théng sé énh hung dén diéu kién bay an toan ‘cdc phn mém xtrly anh cé chife nang tuong tuong tu dé ghép ‘nh va tao mé hinh sé mat dat. BE c6 due két qua t6t hon con sii dung mét s6 phan mém xi iy anh ky thuat sé khéc nhu Global Mapper, Photoshop. Trén co sé ndi dung céng viée cu thé va trinh tu thuc hién ting bude ta dua ra quy trinh bay chup va xifly s6 ligu duge mé ta hy hinh ban, ‘BE dénh gia kha nang ting dung 3.6. Két qué xitly dnh UAV =_—— quia céng nghé chup anh bing UAV trong khdo sét dia hinh mat Git, Trung tam S6 ligu co ban da tin hanh bay chup thi nghiém & mot sé cong trinh cy thé rnhu: Dy dn QL3 (Ha N6i - Thai Nguyén), nat giao Chia Béc - Pham Ngoc Thach, Nit C6 Bi -QLS, Dun Van Bén - Méng Cai Sau khi bay chup va xtrly s6 ligu anh bang phan mém chuyén dung, san phém c6 duge la mé inh dim may diém, mé hinh sé bémat,mohinh $6 d6 cao va Hinh 10: Quy trinh bay chup va xttly s6 liéu tao mé hinh s6 binh 4 anh truc giao, THONG TIN TU VAN THIET KE - SO QUY 1/2016 I 61© kHAo sat ‘¢ Két qua cila xt ly Anh UAV tai cua dy’én niit giao Cé Bi- QLS inh 13: Mo hinh $6 46 cao (DEM) Hinh 14: Anh truc giao (Othormosaic) ‘¢ Két qua cia xtrly anh UAV Dyn nut giao Chia Béc - Pham Ngoc Thach Hinh 16: M6 hinh s6 46 cao (DEM) Hinh 17-Anh truc giao (Othormosaic) Hinh 18:Anh tre giao gan v6i BD 1/500 62 MI THONG TINTU VAN THIET KE - SO QUY 1/2016KHAO SAT ‘© Két qua xi! anh UAV Du dn Van én - Méng ci Hin 19: Hinh anh 30 dia hinh dae xay dung tu dnh UAV 4. KHA NANG UNG DUNG CHO CAC CONG TRINH GIAO THONG 4.1. Uuva nhuge diém cia céng nghé Sau qué trinh nghién cu Wy thuyét va thuc nghiém bay chup anh tai mot s6 dy an cu thé cchiing t6i thay ring céng nghé chup anh hang khéng bing UAV ‘cénhiing uu va nhuge diémn sau: © Uu diém: = H8 théng gon nhe, thudn tién cho vige di chuyén va thao tac goa thue dia; = H@ théng cho ta két qua chinh xc, nhanh chéng va true quan gitip cho nha thiét ké ¢6 duoc nhiing théng tin c&n thiét va ‘¢ Hinh anh két qua thu nghiém 6 Dyn QL3 (Ha Ndi - Thai Nguyén) Hinh 20: dm may diém (Point Cloud) nhanh chéng Iva chon duge phuong n tuyén téi uu; = H@ théng cé tinh ty dong héa cao, thuan tién cho ngudi sitdung; = Cé thé khdo sét dia hinh t6i rnhimng nai cé dia hinh khé khan, guy hiém ma kh6 tigp can bing phuong phdp truyén théng, # Nhuge diém: - Bay la cong nghé hign dai va tong ai méi 8 Viet Nam do a6 ngudi sit dung cén phai duoc dao tao bai bin ngay tw déu vé ky nang bay chup cing nh digu khign bay: = Phu thudc nhiéu vao diéu kién thai tiét nhu mua, gié..., ngoai ra con phai tranh cdc khu vuc cim bay; -Véi céng nghé nay thi cén phai lam thi tuc xin phép bay trudc khi bay. 4.2. Kha nang dp dung cho céng tde khdo sdt cde céng trinh giao théng ‘BE inh gid kh nang dp dung céng nghé chup anh bing UAV cho céng tac khdo sat, thiét ké cdc céngtrinh giao théng, Trung tm S6 liu co ban da tién hanh bay chup nh bing UAV, xi ly ta0 mé hinh s6 dé cao, trén co s mé hinh sé 46 cao va tim tuyén thigt ké tign hanh tao mat cat doc, mat cét ngang tuyén. Két qua mat cat doc va mat cit ngang tuyén duge thé hién nh cdc hinh duéi day: Hinh 21:Mé hinh $6 d cao (DEM) THONG TIN TU VAN THIET KE - SOQUY 1/2016 I 63© _kHAo sAt Hinh 22:Anh tre giao (Othormesaic) Hinh 24: M6 hinh 56 6 cao va vj tri tim tuyén Hinh 25: Matt cat doc tuyén Hinh 26: Mat cét ngang tuyén tai vitriKmo+000 Hinh 27: Mat cét ngang tuyén taiv tri kmo+100 G4 THONG TIN TU VAN THIET KE - SO QUY 11/2016KHAO SAT Hin 28: Mat cét ngang tuyén tai vi tri kmo+200 TAILIEU THAM KHAO [1], Cao Tugn Dang, Pham Van Tusn (2015), "Cong _nghé chup anh hang khéng ky thugt sé bing may bay khéng ngudi léi UAV TRIMBLE UXS va kha ning ing dung trong céng tée khao sét céng tinh giao théng’, Théng tin Tu vin Nhu vay, qua céc két qua thyc_nhanh chéng va chinh xéc, giip Inghiém tai mét s6 céng trinh ké cho ngubi thiét kB chon duce trén ta cO thé thay cong nghé cdc phuong an tuyén téi wu, phi. chup anh hang khéng bang hop cho céng tac gidi phong UAV hoan toan c6 thé ing dung mat bang va bude lip dé xuat t6t trong cOng tac khdo sét dia gyn hinh phuc vu thiét ké cdc céng tinh giao théng, dac biét phi * Cac van dé cn tiép tucnghién thiét ké -Téng cong ty TVTK hap véi céc tuyén duéng méi, clu GIVT - CTCP sé 283 nam 2015; 5. THAY CHO LOI KET ~ Bé cé thé ting dung cong nghé 50 cdo khdo sat do chi chup anh hang khéng bing [2]: Béo céo khio sat a6 chinh xc hé théng UAV Trimble UXS cila Cong ty TNHH MTV Trac dia ban a6 - BOP; ** Kha nang Ging dung: UAV vao cac dy an can a6 chinh - Bac diém cua céng nghé chup _x8c va mUlc 46 chi tiét cao nhu nh hang khéng bing UAV Ia thiét ké kj thudt thi cn phai bay chup theo ting dai bay, do tiép tucnghién ctu, dénh gid dé (3), ve Chi My, Va Phan Long va 6 rat phi hop dé ing dung chinh xéc ciia két qua bay chup nk (2014), "Nghién cu kha trong céng tic khao sit dia hinh_cting nhu ho’n thign phuiong nang ng dung may bay cc céng tinh dang tuyén nh phdp xii anh 48 nang cao 49 ——_khéng ngudi lai trong céng ac tuy€n dubng giao théng; ——_chinh xéc, dac biét trong céc dia tac trac dia mé va gidm sat = Vige két hop phuong phép do hinh c6thuc phislén vakhu vue mai trudng ma"; truyén théng véi phuong phap 46ng dan cu (4 Thong tin trén trang Web bay chup se dem ai hieuaua va céy dua ra quy trinh s6 hacia cc hang sn xust may % chinh xc cao; ban dé 3D tirmé hinh dim may bay khéng ngudi Iai httpy// -Vige stidung céng nghé nay sé diém va binh 6 anh truc giao wwwadjicom/; http://www. cho ta san phim la mé hinh sé. 8 c6 san phim phi hop voi —_trimble.comy/; https:/www. 6 cao, binh dé anh mat céch quy trinh, quy pham hién hanh, geoscan.aero/eny. THONG TIN TU VAN THIET KE - SOQUY 11/2016 MI 65