1.

Carbohydrates exist in body as both monomers and polymers and carry out a number of
essential functions.
a. Name monomers of carbohydrates. [1]
b. The diagram shows the breakdown of molecules.
A

C D

i. Name the bond on A. [1]

ii. Name the substance involved in B and what kind of reaction. [3]
iii. Name the product on C and D as the result of the reaction. [2]

c. Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are common polysaccharides found in nature. All of
them are made of glucose.
i. Identify two similarities between starch and glycogen. [2]
ii. Identify two difference between starch and glycogen with cellulose. [2]
iii. Explain why cellulose is suitable for cell walls of plants and what make
cellulose has that attributes. [5]
1. a. glucose, fructose, galactose
b. i. glycosidic
ii. the substance adds is water and it will hydrolysis the substance
iii. C is α-glucose and D is fructose
c. i. both made of α-glucose monomers
have structure called amylose and amylopectin
both contain branched chains
insoluble, do not affect osmotic potential
ii.
Starch/Glycogen Cellulose
α - glucose β - glucose
dissolve in warm water NOT dissolve in water
linear chain, DOESN’T HAVE chain linear chain, has branches
strong bond weaker than cellulose

iii. cellulose has a high mechanical strength making it for cell wall of plant
has a parallel chains
many hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules
to form microfibrils
more hydrogen bonds held together form fibers