Fundamental Duties

Fundamental Duties were incorporated in the Indian Constitution by the 42nd amendment.
There are 11 Fundamental Duties for Indian Citizens drafted on the lines of moral, ethical and
culture code of conduct followed by people. The duties are educative in nature and direct the
citizens to behave in a virtuous and honorable manner.

These fundamental duties which are written in Part IV-A of the Constitution promote patriotism
and strengthen the unity of India.

Originally, the fundamental duties of India was not a part of the Indian Constitution, in fact, they
were added by the 42nd and 86th Constitutional Amendment Acts. The list of fundamental rights
and duties and the Directive Principles of State Policy are sections of the Indian Constitution that
elaborate on the essential obligations of the states to its citizens, along with the duties and rights
that they hold as Indian citizens. Just like all citizens have equal rights, they also have an equal
fundamental duty to uphold other rights .A person cannot expect to enjoy all the privileges and
freedom under the law without performing their corresponding fundamental duties. List of
Fundamental Duties are as follows:

1. Abide by the Constitution and respect national flag & National Anthem
2. Follow ideals of the freedom struggle
3. Protect sovereignty & integrity of India
4. Defend the country and render national services when called upon
5. Sprit of common brotherhood
6. Preserve composite culture
7. Preserve natural environment
8. Develop scientific temper
9. Safeguard public property
10. Strive for excellence
11. Duty of all parents/guardians to send their children in the age group of 6-14 years to
school

The 11 fundamental duties serve as a source of protection for the liberty of the people.

Directive Principles of State Policy

The makers of our Constitution knew that independent India was going to face many challenges.
Foremost among these was the challenge to bring about equality and well-being of all citizens.
They also thought that certain policy direction was required for handling these problems. The
Constitution lays down certain Directive Principles of State Policy, which though not justiciable,
are 'fundamental in governance of the country', and it is the duty of the State to apply these
principles in making laws
Articles 36-51 under Part-IV of Indian Constitution deal with Directive Principles of State Policy
(DPSP). They are borrowed from the constitution of Ireland which had copied it from the
Spanish Constitution. DPSP and Fundamental Rights form the soul of the constitution and are
also important topic
DPSP are ideals which are meant to be kept in mind by the state when it formulates policies and
enacts laws.
What do the Directive Principles contain?
The chapter on Directive Principles lists mainly three things:
• the goals and objectives that we as a society should adopt;
• certain rights that individuals should enjoy apart from the Fundamental Rights; and
• certain policies that the government should adopt.

The governments from time to time tried to give effect to some Directive Principles of State
Policy. They passed several zamindari abolition bills, nationalised banks, enacted numerous
factory laws, fixed minimum wages, cottage and small industries were promoted and provisions
for reservation for the uplift of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes were made. Such efforts
to give effect to the Directive Principles include the right to education, formation of panchayati
raj institutions all over the country, partial right to work under employment guarantee
programme and the mid-day meal scheme etc.

while directive principles are mentioned from article 36 to 51

S.N. Fundamental Rights
1. These are negative as they prohibit the These are positive as they requires the state to
state from doing certain things.
2. These are justifiable, that is they are
legally enforceable by the courts in the
case of their violation.
3. They aim at establishing political
democracy in the country.
4. Fundamental Rights are mentioned in
the articles from 12 to 35 of the
Constitution
5. Fundamental Rights mainly protect the
rights of individuals and promote the
welfare of the individual
6. They do not require any legislation for
their implementation. They are
automatically enforced.
7. The courts are bound to declare a law
violative of any of the fundamental
rights as unconstitutional and invalid.
Directive Principles
do certain things
These are non justifiable i.e. they are not
enforceable by the courts for their violation.
They aim at establishing social and economic
democracy in the country.
Directive Principles are mentioned from article
36 to 51 of the Constitution
They ensure the well-being of the entire society.
They require legislation for their
implementation. They are not automatically
enforced.
The court can not declare a law violative of any
of the directive principles as unconstitutional
and invalid. However, they can uphold the
validity of a law on the ground that it was
enacted to give effect to a directive.