Lesson Ten

Amines
 
Classification of Amines:

Aromatic Amines:

In which the amino group is directly attatched to an aromatic  ring. They are classified into

NH2 R-N-H R-N-R

Primary arom.10 Secondary arom.20 Tertiary arom.30

Aliphatic Amines:

In which an aliphatic carbon is attatched to the amino group. They are classified into

R
R-NH2 R-NH-R R-N-R

Primary 10 Secondary20 Tertiary 30

Nomenclature

Common Names: Here, amines are named as " alkyl or dialkyl or trialkyl amine "

IUPAC Names: Here, the amino group NH2 will take the lowest priority than the double bonds in
numbering and we add the end "amine" to the name of the hydrocarbon chain or we call the
NH2 as amino before the name of the hydrocarbon chain.  We indicate the position of the NH2
group using a number before the hydrocarbon name. When amino group carry one or two alkyl
groups we call it N-alkylamino or N,N-dialkylamino- 

The following are examples: 

NH2
1
2
2
NH2                                          3 1

Ethanamine                               2- Propanamine

   Aminoethane                               2-Aminopropane

H3C CH3
N

 N, N-Dimethyl-2,4-Cyclopentadienamine

Compounds with two or more functional groups

The Functional groups in table (VI) are designated by suffix. When only one such
group is present if more than one is present, the group highest in the table is named by suffix
and the rest with prefixes arranged in alphabetic& order.

Numbering of the parent continuous chain will from the side that gives the lowest
possible number functional group designated by the suffix.

An example

3 1
2 COOH
4

NH2

1. There are four carbon atoms and all carbon- carbon bonds are single: Butane.

2. There are two Functional groups from table (VI), a carboxylic acid (-COOH) and an amine (-
NH2) The acid is highest on the table and will be named by suffix -oic acid: butanoic acid.

3. The compound is numbered with the lowest number given to the group named by suffix.

4. The remaining group is named by the prefix –NH 2 amino)

The complete name is 2-aminobutanoicacid.

In case of unsaturated organic compounds with functional groups from table (VI), they
will be named as in the following examples.

CHO

1) There are four Carbons in the longest chain, but —

2) The Carbon- Carbon double bond is designated by — en: Buten

3) The molecule contains an aldehyde group -al: Butenal

4) The aldehyde Functional group is always terminal and there is no need to indicate its
position.

5) The double bond is between Carbons 3 and 4 so the name is 3-butenal

4 2
CHO
3 1

Other examples are:

2 OH
4 4 2
COOH COOH
3 1 3 1
                                                         

    3-butenoic acid                                             2-Hydroxy3-butenoic acid

OH
4 2 4 2
2 3
4 CHO
CHO 1
5 CHO
3 1             O                 3 1

  2-Hydroxy3-butenal                3-Carboxybutanal                    3-Pentynal

If a compound contains several functional groups all of the same kind, they are indicated by a
suffix di, tri, tetra, … before the main suffix

Examples:
 1
OH COOH
3 1 2
2
COOH
OH OH                                                     3

1,2,3-propantriol                                      1,3-propane-dioic acid