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FRACTAL LOGIC ELEMENTS OF SOME BIODEGRADABLE

MATERIALS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS
Dorin Vaideanu1,a, Elena Puiu Costescu2,b, Simona Plavanescu
(Mazurchevici)2,c, Dumitru Nedelcu2,d, Maricel Agop1,e
“Al.I.Cuza” University of Iasi, Faculty of Physics, Blvd. Carol I, No. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania
1
2
“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Department of Machine Manufacturing Technology, Blvd.
Mangeron, No. 59A, 700050, Iasi, Romania
e-mail: a naturaone@gmail.com, b naturaone@gmail.com, c simona0nikoleta@yahoo.com,
d
dnedelcu@tcm.tuiasi.ro, e m.agop@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The assimilation of biodegradable materials with complex systems can be

made assumption that the structural units of the complex system are moving on
continuous curves and nondifferentiable, allowing the construction of its system
dynamics equations. In such context can be shown that these materials are "pseudo-
intelligent" having their own structural and functional "neural networks" and
"communication codes" associated therewith. The existence of these
"communication codes" make biodegradable materials compatible only with a
certain class of "bacteria" which in their turn, through an immune type mechanism
will decompose the biodegradable materials in primary elements.

KEYWORDS: neural networks, pseudo-intelligent materials, biodegradable

materials

1. Introduction We can simplify the dynamics of a complex

system as the biodegradable materials supposing that
The continuous progress of human society lead complex system entities move on continuous but non-
to discovery, identification, and development of differentiable curves, particularly fractal curves (e.g.
innovative materials that can be new or can replace the Koch curve, the Peano curves or the Weierstrass
materials whose widespread use irreversibly affects curve, [1-3]).
the environment. The scientific research reveals the Once accepted such a hypothesis, the dynamics of the
need of replacing the long biodegradability materials complex system entities are given by the fractal
(i.e. plastics) with new biodegradable materials and operator :
whose characteristics and properties are always
researched and modified so as to be used optimally in
different branches. Knowledge of the properties of
these forms of new and innovative materials is very (1)
important in order to determine the materials behavior
during their processing as well as during their use in where:
different conditions and environments. Finding
mathematical models that can be assimilated to (2)
biocomposites can simplify their approach in
processing and use. represent the complex velocity, VD is the
differentiable and scale resolution independent
velocity, VF is the non-differentiable and scale
2. Technology and experimental research
resolution dependent velocity, is the convective
plan
term,
2.1. Hallmarks of non-differentiable
hydrodynamic model and fractal medium

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(5)
(3)
where U is an external scalar potential. Equation (5)
is the dissipative term, DF is the fractal dimension of
is a Navier-Stokes type equation. It means that at any
the movement curve, is the space scale, is the
point of a fractal path, the local acceleration term,
time scale is a specific coefficient associated to
, the non-linearly (convective) term, , the
the fractal-non-fractal transition and dt is the scale
resolution. For DF any definition can be used (the dissipative term, , and the
Hausdorff-Besikovici fractal dimension, the external free term make their balance. Therefore,
Kolmogorov fractal dimension etc.) [1], but once the complex system is assimilated to a rheological
accepted such a definition for DF, it has to be constant fluid, whose dynamics are described by the complex
over the entire analysis of the complex system velocities field, , and by the imaginary viscosity
dynamics. In a particular case, for motion on Peano type coefficient, .
curves [1], DF =2, of the complex system entities, the For irrotational motions of the complex system
fractal operator (1) reduces to Nottale’s operator entities.
:
(6a-c)

we can choose of the form:

were is the Nottale’s coefficient

associated to the fractal-non-fractal transition. (7)
Applying the fractal operator (1) to the complex
velocity (2) and accepting the principle of scale where  is the velocity scalar potential. By
covariance [2, 3] in the form: substituting (7) in (5) and using the method described
in [4-6], it results:

(4)

we obtain the motion equation:

(8)

This equation can be integrated and yields: If , with the amplitude and S the
phase of , the complex velocity field (6) takes the
explicit form:
(9)
(10)
up to an arbitrary phase factor which may be set to
zero by a suitable choice of the phase of . Relation
(9) is a Schrödinger type equation. For motions on
Peano curves [1], DF =2, at Compton scale
(11)
[1-3], with ħ the reduced Planck
constant and m0 the rest mass of the complex system
entities, the relation (9) becomes the standard
Schrödinger equation: (12)

By substituting (10) - (12) in (5) and separating

the real and the imaginary parts, up to an arbitrary
phase factor which may be set at zero by a suitable
choice of the phase of , we obtain:

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density conservation law. Through the fractal

(13)
(14)
Equation (13) represents the specific non-
differentiable momentum conservation law, while
equation (14) represents the non-differentiable states
velocity, , the specific fractal potential Q is a
measure of non-differentiability of the complex
system entities trajectories, i.e. of their chaoticity.
The equations (13) - (15) define the non-
differentiable hydrodynamic model (NDHM). In such
a context, the complex system is assimilated to a
fractal fluid.

(15)

Previous analysis indicates that any complex

systems entity is in a permanent interaction with the (16)
fractal medium through the non-differentiable
potential Q. The fractal medium is identified with a for U= with E = const., through integration and
non-relativistic fluid described by the equations (13) - by eliminating the velocities field, become:
(15). Computational properties of this medium, i.e.
bistability, reproduction itself, capacity to memorize,
self similarity, polarization, information (17)
communication etc. were described in Ref. [7].

2.2. Cnoidal modes, Toda lattices and In the above relations is a critical pulsation, k
Cellular Neural Network is the inverse of a critical length, is a critical
velocity, is a critical density, M is an equivalent of
In one dimensional case, the equations (13) - Mach number and c1, c2 are two integration constants.
(15) in non-dimensional coordinates: Using the standard procedure [4], one obtains
the solution:

(18)

In relations (18), is the average value of the
normalized states density, a is amplitude, s is the
modulus of the complete elliptical integrals of the
first and second kind, K(s) and respectively E(s) and
cn is the Jacobi elliptical function of modulus s [8]
and argument . The modulus s is a
control parameter of non-linearity, depending on
both, the intrinsic properties of the complex systems
and of the dynamics regimes. Therefore, the
dynamics of the complex system is achieved through
space-time cnoidal oscillation modes of the
normalized states density. The cnoidal oscillation
modes are associated to the Toda lattice [9-11].
It is considered that the elliptic function cn has
two periods, the real period being depending of the
modulus s, while the imaginary one is dependent of
the complementary modulus s' with conditioning
Then, by (18), two solutions are
actually explained, one of them being specific to the
states density at differentiable scale induced by the
modulus s and the other one being specific to the
states density at non-differentiable scale induced by
the complementary modulus s'. To these two
solutions are now associated two Toda type sub-
lattices Toda, one of them being specific to the
differentiable scale (which will be called
differentiable Toda lattice (DTL)) and the other one
being specific to the non-differentiable scale (which
will be called non-differentiable Toda lattice
(NDTL)). Accordingly, by mapping, there result two
cellular neural networks, one of them being specific
to the differentiable scale (call it differentiable
cellular neural network (DNNC)) and the other one
being associated to the "inner" of the same complex
system through the non-differentiable scale,
simultaneously coexist and are interdependent.
Practically, together with the differentiable-non-
differentiable Toda lattice pair, the differentiable-non-

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differentiable cellular neural network pair is

generated by mapping.
The self similarity of the space-time cnoidal the phase velocity spectrum:
oscillation modes specifies the existence of some
"cloning" mechanisms (full and fractional wave (24)
function revivals - a wave functions evolves in time
to a state describable as a collection of spatially and the quasi-period spectrum:
distributed sub-wave functions that each closely
reproduces the initial wave function shape [12]). All
these show a direct connection between the non-
(25)
differentiable structure of the "dynamics regimes" and
holographic principle (in any finite volume of a
b) for s , (18) reduces to a soliton package
complex system it finds her entire structure [1, 3].
type sequence:
The Toda lattices at differentiable and non-
differentiable scales and by mapping the two
corresponding associates cellular networks have some
characteristic parameters: (26)

a) wave number spectrum characterized by the wave number spectrum

, (19) , (27)

b) phase velocity spectrum the phase velocity spectrum

, (28)

and the quasi-period spectrum

(20)
(29)
c) quasi-period spectrum
For s = 0, (18) reduces to the harmonic type
sequence, while for s = 1 it reduces to a soliton type
one. For details on the degeneration of elliptic
function cn (refer to [8]), while for details related to
nonlinear solutions (soliton, soliton package etc.)
(refers to [8, 10, 13]).
As shown before, nonlinear waves have long
(21) been an interest to scientist in a variety of disciplines.
A multitude of applications have been employed,
Explicating the oscillation modulus of the Toda ranging from fluid dynamics and plasma physics to
lattice and the functionality of the associated cellular even neuroscience and biology. It is with this same
neural network at differentiable scale is achieved by interest that we have chosen the topic of
the following degenerations of the elliptic function cn computational waves. Waves are omnipresent, from
in modulus s: tsunamis in the ocean, to gamma waves and sonic
booms. In fact, there are currently several wave
a) for , (18) reduces to the harmonic pulses propagating through the neurons in our brain
package type sequence: due to the firing of action potentials.
In the physics literature, the terms "soliton" and
, (22) "solitary wave" are often used interchangeably.
Solitary waves (and solitons) arise in both continuous
which is described by the wave number spectrum: systems such as the KdV equation and discrete
systems such as the Toda lattice (Toda, 1967) (Toda,
1989) and in both one and multiple spatial
(23) dimensions. Key issues in studying solitary waves
also include linear versus nonlinear (of course),

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integrable versus non-integrable, persistent versus
transient, asymptotics (i.e. consideration of time
scale), localization in physical space versus Fourier
space, and the effects of noise.
The important property of the Toda equation is
the existence of so called soliton solutions, that is,
puls like waves which spread in time without
changing their size or shape and interact with each
other in a particle-like way. This is a surprising
phenomenon, since for a generic linear equation one
would expect spreading of waves (dispersion) and for
a generic nonlinear force one would expect that
solutions only exist for a finite time (breaking of
waves). Obviously, our particular force is such that
both phenomena cancel each other giving rise to a
stable wave existing for all time [10, 13].
Simultaneously, it is also achieved the
explanation at non-differentiable scale of the Toda
lattice oscillation modes and of the associated cellular
neural network functionalities through the eliptic
functions cn degenerations in the complementary
modulus s'.
Eliminating the amplitude a between (19) and
(20) we obtain the following "dispersion" equations:
, "communication" ("relationship") way of pairs.
(30)
where:
(31)
Nonlinearity s generates two distinct dynamics
regimes of the Toda latice respectively of the cellular
neural network associated to the differentiable scale:
non-quasi-autonomous regimes (by harmonic type
sequences, harmonic package type sequences) and
quasi-autonomous regimes (by soliton type
sequences, soliton package type sequences)
respectively. The dependency A(s) specifies that the
value s 0.7separates the two dynamic regimes. For
, i.e., in non-quasi-autonomous regime,
the variable A(s) const., situation in which the first
of Eqs. (30) takes the form:
(32)
while for , i.e., in quasi-autonomous
regime, the relation (32) loses its validity.
Simultaneously, the non-linearly s' generates two
distinct dynamics regimes of the Toda lattice
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respectively of the cellular neural network associated
to the non-differentiable scale.
2.3. The coherence of differentiable-non-
differentiable cellular neural network
According to our previous results,
differentiable-non-differentiable Toda lattice pair is
mathematically described by the elliptic function cn2.
Now, invoking a fundamental theorem from elliptic
functions theory, it is well known that two elliptic
functions are equivalent if and only if there exists a
homographic transformation between the ratio of their
periods [8].
, a, b, c, d (33)
where and define the ratios of these elliptic
functions periods [30]. Moreover, if such theorem is
fulfilled, then there exists an algebraic relation
between these two elliptic functions.
In such a framework, we shall interpret elliptic
function equivalence theorem as a coherence
condition of differentiable-non-differentiable Toda
lattice pairs and, moreover, its consequence, as a
Now, by mapping, the previous results imply
that differentiable-non-differentiable cellular network
pairs are coherent if and only if the condition (33) is
fulfilled. Moreover, if this condition is work, then the
pairs can "store" and "transmit" information in a
specific algebraic language.
3. Results and discussions
According to the obtained results it can be
conclude that:
a. Assuming that the moments of the structure
units is achieved on continuous and non-
differentiable curves, the hydrodynamic version of
scale relativity in arbitrary constant fractal dimension
is presented (non-differentiable hydrodinamics);
b. The one-dimensional solution of the non-
differentiable hydrodinamic model for states density
is obtained in the form of spatio-temporal cnoidal
modes, assuming that the external scalar potential is
proportional with the states density;
c. The spatio-temporal cnoidal modes are
assimilated to a one-dimensional Toda lattice and
hence, by mapping, to a cellular neural network;
d. Cnoidal modes double periodicity induces
differentiable- non-differentiable cellular neural
network pair. Pairs components are simultaneously
generated, are interdependent and are characterized
by some parameters such as wave number spectrum,
phase velocity spectrum and quasi-period spectrum;
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e. Each of pair's components presents two
functionality regimes, one of them being induced by
the harmonic waves and harmonic wave packages and
the other one by solitons and packages of solitons;
f. The dispersion equations are obtained for each
of the two pair's components;
g. Pair's coerence imposes "storage" and
"transmission" of information in the form of a
specific algebraic language.
4. Conclusions
Biodegradable materials are at the limit of/
between "live" and "not live" having their own
"pseudo-intelligence". This fundamental property
makes that biodegradable materials to be compatible
with a certain class of "bacteria", the "communication
code" between bacteria and material being imposed
by the last on. If there is such a communication
system, "class of bacteria" can remove biodegradable
material through a kind immune system.
Acknowledgement
This work was co-funded by the European
Social Fund through Sectoral Operational Programme
Human Resources Development 2007 – 2013, project
number POSDRU/187/1.5/S/155397, project title
“Towards a New Generation of Elite Researchers
through Doctoral Scolarships".
This work was supported by the strategic grant
POSDRU/159/1.5/S/133652, co-financed by the
European Social Fund within the Sectorial
Operational Program Human Resources Development
2007 – 2013.
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