NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

ROURKELA – 769 008 (Orissa)

Department: Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE Dept.)

Name of the Examination: M. Tech (SIP & MWR), End-Semester Examination, Nov. 2018
Subject Id: EC-6403 Subject: Modern Radar Systems
Maximum marks: 50 Time: 3 hours

Instructions:
1. Answer all questions
2. All parts of a single question to be written in the same place.
3. Due credit will be awarded for neatness in drawing and labeling circuit diagrams.

1) a. Define radar antenna ‘aperture taper’. 1

b. What is the difference between two measures, ‘transmitter efficiency’ and ‘overall 1
radar efficiency’?
c. What is the use of ‘RF preselection’ in radar receiver? 1
d. What is ‘FLOPS’ and where is it used? 1
e. What is ‘Doppler steering vector’? 1
f. How to measure constant false alarm rate (CFAR)? 1
2) a. What is the difference between gain and directivity of an antenna? 2
b. What do you mean by ‘equiphase front’ of an array of antenna? 2
c. How to find the array factor (AF) of a modern radar phased array antenna with N 3
number of elements?
3) a. Discuss ‘line-type modulator’ and its use in radar. 2
b. Discuss the use of ‘radar exciter’. 2
c. What is ‘phase noise’? Discuss its effect on clutter reduction? 3
4) In a matched filter (MF) coherent detector the useful likelihood functions are given by
| |
( ) [ ] and ( ) [ ] ( )

a. Give the useful target signal model and also noise model for arriving at the MF 2
detector implementation.
b. Why does it called a MF detector? Explain with mathematical justification. 2
c. State Neyman-Pearson criterion and discuss usefulness of it in deriving a radar 3
detector from the above likelihood functions.

Modern Radar Systems / 1st semester/ L. P.Roy/ ECE Page 1 of 2

5) a. A DC voltage level is to be measured using observed/measured 100 data samples, 2
where error in measurement is Gaussian distributed with zero mean and variance
100. Find out the accuray and precision of the measurement if a sample mean
estimator is used for the above purpose.
b. What is Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB)? How does it useful to find the quality 2
of measurement?
c. Discuss in brief, the techniques to measure (i) range, (ii) angular position, (iii) 3
Doppler shift, (iv) radial velocity, (v) RCS, (vi) SNR.
6) a. What do you know about ‘data independent’, ‘data dependent’ and ‘mission-level 2
processing’ of radar signal processor?
b. What do you know about signal processing metrics? 2
c. In synthetic aperture radar ( SAR) imaging, total computational rate is given by 3

, where ( ) and ( ). (i) What is the unit of ? (ii) What is

x representing here? and (iii) What is the increase of total computaional rate if image
resolution is improved by a factor of 4?
7) Short Notes
a. Digital receiver 3
b. CFAR detector 3
c. Track filtering algorithm 3

Modern Radar Systems / 1st semester/ L. P.Roy/ ECE Page 2 of 2