Exercises Page 221

3. Let 𝐻𝐻 be the subgroup {(1), (1,2)} of 𝑆𝑆_3.

Find the distinct left cosets of 𝐻𝐻 in 𝑆𝑆_3, write out their elements, and partition 𝑆𝑆_3 into left
cosets of 𝐻𝐻.
Anwer:
𝑆𝑆_3 = {(1), (1,2), (1,3), (2,3), (1,2,3), (1,3,2)}
𝐻𝐻 = {(1), (1,2)}
Mencari koset kiri yang dapat membentuk 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎.
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = {𝑥𝑥 ∈ 𝐺𝐺|𝑥𝑥 = 𝑎𝑎ℎ untuk suatu ℎ ∈ 𝐻𝐻}
• 𝑎𝑎 = (1)
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = {(1), (1,2)}
• 𝑎𝑎 = (1,2)
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = {(1,2), (1,2)(1,2)}
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = {(1), (1,2)}
• 𝑎𝑎 = (1,3)
𝑎𝑎𝐻𝐻 = {(1,3), (1,3)(1,2)}
𝑎𝑎𝐻𝐻 = {(1,3), (1,2,3)}
• 𝑎𝑎 = (2,3)
𝑎𝑎𝐻𝐻 = {(2,3), (2,3)(1,2)}
𝑎𝑎𝐻𝐻 = {(2,3), (1,3,2)}
• 𝑎𝑎 = (1,2,3)
𝑎𝑎𝐻𝐻 = {(1,2,3), (1,2,3)(1,2)}
𝑎𝑎𝐻𝐻 = {(1,2,3), (1,3)}
• 𝑎𝑎 = (1,3,2)
𝑎𝑎𝐻𝐻 = {(1,3,2), (1,3,2)(1,2)}
𝑎𝑎𝐻𝐻 = {(1,3,2), (2,3)}
(1)𝐻𝐻 = (1,2)𝐻𝐻 = 𝐻𝐻 = {(1), (1,2)}
(1,2,3)𝐻𝐻 = (1,3)𝐻𝐻 = {(1,2,3), (1,3)}
(1,3,2)𝐻𝐻 = (2,3)𝐻𝐻 = {(1,3,2), (2,3)}
Maka 𝐺𝐺 dari partisi 𝑆𝑆_3 adalah
𝐺𝐺 = 𝐻𝐻 ∪ (1,2,3)𝐻𝐻 ∪ (1,3,2)𝐻𝐻
 Exercises Page 228
11. Exercise 6 states that every subgroup of an abelian group is normal. Give an example of a
nonabelian group for which every subgroup is normal.
Answer:
Misal,
𝐻𝐻 = {(1), (1,2,3), (1,3,2)}
dan
𝑆𝑆3 = {(1), (1,2), (1,3), (2,3), (1,2,3), (1,3,2)}
Ambil 𝑥𝑥 = (1,2) dan 𝑥𝑥 = (1,3) untuk semua 𝑥𝑥 ∈ 𝑆𝑆_3
Akan dibuktikan 𝑥𝑥ℎ ≠ ℎ𝑥𝑥
(1,2)(1,3) = (1,3,2)
(1,3)(1,2) = (1,2,3)
(1,2)(1,3) ≠ (1,3)(1,2)
Karena (1,2)(1,3) ≠ (1,3)(1,2) maka 𝑆𝑆_3 tidak abelian.
Selanjutnya, akan dibuktikan 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 untuk semua 𝑥𝑥 ∈ 𝑆𝑆_3
(1)𝐻𝐻 = (1,2,3)𝐻𝐻 = (1,3,2)𝐻𝐻 = {(1), (1,2,3), (1,3,2)} = 𝐻𝐻
𝐻𝐻(1) = 𝐻𝐻(1,2,3) = 𝐻𝐻(1,3,2) = {(1), (1,2,3), (1,3,2)} = 𝐻𝐻
(1,2)𝐻𝐻 = (1,3)𝐻𝐻 = (2,3)𝐻𝐻 = {(1), (1,3), (2,3)} = 𝐻𝐻
𝐻𝐻(1,2) = 𝐻𝐻(1,3) = 𝐻𝐻(2,3) = {(1), (1,3), (2,3)} = 𝐻𝐻
Karena 𝑥𝑥𝐻𝐻 = 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻, maka 𝐻𝐻 adalah subgrup normal dari 𝑆𝑆3 .