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ufmfzfk n©ijDGq mfnfsqt 186

ufmfzfskv mfb W Èv¢k¶ 184
ufmfzfskv IpDtk W mfrfk¹A 189
sjfbX ufmfzfsk nWqfh shwD? 193
jfv …iv ˆhQ sjfbX bfmfspv ufmfzfk Wqfsuh? 194
ufmfzfsk mdrtfslv zQw oarB 194
ufmfzfk kKf mndusl pfWqfv djYc zflh 196
dj dj Wpsv ufmfzfk YfVf pfq? 197
jkÈstf bfmfpD rst ufmfzfk rsh? 200
bfmfspv jkecjc zQw sist ufmfzfskv IpDtk ifWqf pfq? 200
mnduslv ufmfzfk Ycse sost 201
mndusl däkDq ufmfzfk 201
ufmfzfskv bfmfp slvDsk rst 202
ƒmfmdkv dhhvB 202
ƒmfm rWqfv nhGfdLj shwD spfoA sj? 203
pfslv ƒmfmdk ShL W ðÝ 203
pfslv ƒmfmdk ðÝ bq 206
ƒmfm W mcÙÁflDv l]fVfhfv ²¿fb W dbqm 210
ƒmfsmv jkGhA 213
mcÙÁflDv jkGhA 217
ƒmfsmv iÇyfsk dj¶vfzfk 225
mcÙÁflDv ufmfzfsk wfdmt rWqfv dhdHâ zh²¿f 227
v¢jC sist vfjzfk oBA 228
mnhCsjv ƒdÙÁlf 231
zfqfskv uhfsh mcÙÁflDv lczf htf 231
ƒmfm Hct jvst mcÙÁflDv jkGhA 232
ƒmfsmv ƒmfmdk jvfq sjfb nmnAf slJf dlst 232
ƒmfsmv wvmofr sJftf slJst 233
ƒmfm nCvf Hct iVst 233
ˆjƒ bfmfp lcƒhfv iVf pfq dj? 234
ƒmfsmv kjhDv si]ZYfsbf 235
ˆj bfmfp iVfv iv ziv bfmfspv ubA zsi[f jvfv IpDtk
236
ucmzfv bfmfp 237
ucmzfr pfslv …iv Ivp bq 238
ucmzfv nmq 239
ucmzfv ubA dbm´km bfmfpD nQJAf 240
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ucmzfv ²¿fb 240

ucmzfv zfpfb 240
ucmzfv Jckhfv zfrjfm 242
ucmzfq …id²¿k hAdÙÁv jkGhA 245
²¿fbDq HfNfq Jckhf 249
ucmzfv bfmfp W kfv ncâkD dj¶vfzfk 249
ucmzfv vfjzfk Ycse sost 250
ucmzfv zfso W isv ncâk 251
ucmzfv isv hf hf'lft ucmzfv 4 zKhf 2 vfjzfk ncâk 251
ucmzfv dlsbv IpDtk W ShdwóA 252
ucmzfv dlsb jvBDq 254
ucmzfv dlb pf zShL 256
„slv dlb ucmzfr iVst 257
mcnfdIsvv bfmfp 258
jnv bfmfp 258
jklCv nIsv jnv dhsLq 259
sjfsÚsj jnv ðv¢ rsh? 259
jnsvv nmq-nDmf 260
nIsv ncâk W bIt bfmfp 260
mcnfdIsvv ƒmfm W mcÙÁflD rsq bfmfp 261
mcnfdIsvv nIsvv zfso-isv bfmfp 262
bfmfp umf jsv iVfv dhLfb 262
sjfbX sjfbX zh²¿fq umf jvf pfq? 263
hxdó-hflst bfmfp umf 264
zbA sjfb zncdhLfv jfvsB bfmfp umf 264
umf dhNqj zbAfbA uv¢vD mfnfsqt 265
dhdHâ pfbhfrsb bfmfp 266
svfoDv bfmfp 267
n¶ftfkct JfWI (Hsqv bfmfp) 269
Hq shwD rst 270
ncâk W bIt (zdkdvÙÁ) bfmfp 271
bIt bfmfp Osv iVf Hft 271
bIt bfmfsp tìf djqfm jvf …Ùm 272
bIt bfmfp dhbf Wusv hsn iVfW ShL 272
ncâk bfmfspv jfpf 273
bIt bfmfspv iajfvsHl 273
ncâfsk mczfÄflfr W ofqv mczfÄflfr 273
ncâfsk mczfÄflfr hf vfskhfr 273
Iusvv iCshG lcƒ vfjfzfk ncâk 274
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4

ˆƒ bfmfspv IpDtk 274

ˆ bfmfpsj rfîf jsv iVf 274
ˆ bfmfspv dj¶vfzfk }274
ˆƒ bfmfspv iv Ffbjfsk wqb 275
ˆƒ bfmfspv jfpf 275
ˆƒ bfmfp dhNqj zfsvf djYc mfnfsqt 276
spfrsvv ncâk 276
mfosvshv ncâk 278
ˆwfv ncâk 278
ncâfsk ofqv mczfÄflfr 279
zfnsvv iCshG 2 zKhf 4 vfjzfk 279
mfosvshv zfso 2 vfjzfk 279
ˆwfv iCshG 2 vfjzfk 280
kfrfÏcl bfmfp 280
ˆƒ bfmfspv mfrfk¹A 280
kfrfÏcslv dhdHâ zflh 283
kfrfÏcslv nmq 285
kfrfÏcslv vfjzfk nQJAf 286
kfrfÏcslv dj¶vfzfk 286
kfrfÏcl bfmfspv jfpf 288
dhkXv bfmfp 288
dhkXsvv nmq 289
dhkXv bfmfspv vfjzfk nQJAf 290
1 vfjzfk dhkXv 290
dhkXv bfmfspv mc²Àfrfh dj¶vfzfk 291
dhkXsvv jcbCk 291
jcbCskv ²¿fb W dbqm 293
dhksvv bfmfspv nftfm dIsv lczf 293
ˆj vfsk lcƒhfv dhkXv dbdNÝ 293
dhkXsvv iv bIt 2 vfjzfk 294
dhkXsvv jfpf 294
dhkXv bfmfsp ufmfzfk 294
i]fy-zÙÁX bfmfsp jcbCk 295
yfsñv bfmfp 296
ˆƒ bfmfspv nmq 297
ˆƒ bfmfp jk vfjzfk? 297
yfsñv bfmfp mndusl iVfv ixKj IpDtk 298
pfWqft (nCpG Ttfv) iCshG bfmfp 298
ƒd²ÀJfvfv bfmfp 299
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5

n¶ftfkck kfnhDr 300

ˆƒ bfmfspv nmq 301
n¶ftfkct rf-ufr 302
n¶ftfkck kfWhfr 303
y¦û W nCpGoarsBv bfmfp 304
n¶ftfkct ƒd²Ànjf 305
hxdó iafKGbfv däkDq iÝdk 307
hxdó iafKGbfv kxkDq iÝdk 307
hxdó iafKGbfv ykcKG iÝdk 307
hxdó-iafKGbfv jdkiq lczf 308
zdkhxdó rst 309
jcvzfb dktfzskv dnulfr 309
dnulfv ²¿fbnmCr 310
dnulfv ubA WpC uv¢vD dj? 310
dktfzskv dnulfv lczf 310
bfmfspv dHksv dktfzskv dnulfr 311
ðjXsvv dnulfr 311
nù dnulfr 312
bfmfp jm isV nftfm dIsv dlst 312
bfmfp shwD iVst 313
vfjzfsk ns¦lr rst 313
iaKm kfwfrùl kAfo jvst 314
nù dnulfv zfbcNdÌj mfnfsqt 314
jdkiq dhlzfkD bfmfp 315
mf-hfsiv ubA bfmfp 315
„slv vfskv bfmfp 315
jfpf …mvD 316
n¶ftfkct zfWqfhDb 316
ˆrdkqfkD spfrv 316
n¶ftfkct drIXp 316
mxskv ubA „nfst nWqfshv bfmfp 317
mboVf iafkAdrj bfmfp W kfv sJqftD nWqfh 317
mboVf mfdnj bfmfp W kfv sJqftD nWqfh 319





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6

mfWtfbf mcrf©mfl mcjf©mft rj dvqfpD nfsrshv

zdHmk
rfsml]f… Wqf mcnfdïqfb, zf©mf hf'l.
bfmfp ƒntfsmv iÑ ²Às©Hv zbAkm. ƒntfsm kfv Èv¢k¶ yvm. kfv Èv¢k¶ n©isjG
jcvzfb-rflDsnv ifkf Hvicv. bfmfp bf iVst mcndtm Kfjf pfq bf. zfhfv ndEj
iÝdksk kf zflfq bf jvst uDhsbv nh zfmt ià. snƒ ubA ndEj iÝdksk bfmfp
iVf zfmfslv njstv jkGhA. ˆƒ …sÜswA …ibDk rsk rst ndEj bfmfp dw[fv
ic²Àsjv iasqfub.
hkGmfsb zfmfslv nmfsu zdLjfQw mfbcN dbu dbu jfqlfq bfmfp isV; ncâkD
kvDjfv Lfv Lfsv bf ˆhQ ufsbW bf. ˆHfsh jk mfbcN jhsvv sise yst sosY kfv
nQJAf zfïfrƒ Hft ufsbb.
Hct iÝdksk bfmfp iVfv jsqjde jfvsBv msLA bfmfspv ndEj kKA nìdtk ic²Àj
bf Kfjf ˆhQ ziv dlsj kKfjdKk hfufvD bfmfp dw[f ic²sÀ jv zdLj iaytb ˆjde
iaLfb jfvB. spmb sI¼m, skmdb ƒ]e. snfuf sI¼sm snfuf ƒ]e ˆhQ h]fjf sI¼sm h]fjf ƒ]e
rWqfefƒ öfHfdhj. zhwA ndEj bfmfp dw[fv ic²Àj ˆsjhfsv sp sbƒ, kf htdY bf.
ksh kfv nQJAf boBA.
wasÝq mfWtfbf zfèct rfmDl zft-IfƒpDv hƒ `n¶ftfsk mchfwXdwv' ifE jsv
…itdé jvsk ifvtfm sp, snde bfmfspv ndEj mfnfsqt nìdtk, jcvzfb-rflDsnv
ltDt nmxÝ, ncndÏk, ncdhbA²À ˆhQ mfduGk HfNfq iaBDk. zfïfv jfsY zfmfv zfwf, ˆ
Lvsbv ic²Àj bfmfspv ndEj iK W kKA lfsb, bfmfpDslv yfdrlf ˆhQ wCbA²¿fb iCvsB
nrfqj rsh - ƒb wfzfïfr.
sr zfïfr! ˆ ic²Àsjv iasBkfsj ˆhQ p]fvf ˆƒ ic²Àsjv iajfwbfv hAfifsv nfrfpA-
nrspfdokf jsvsYb, k]fslv njtsjƒ ƒr-ivjfst …Ùm hltf lfb jv. zfmDb.
dhbDk
mcrf©mfl mcjf©mft rj
…qfƒbfr, n†lD zfvh
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iaskAj bfmfpDv. mcndtm mfÛƒ ufbf lvjfv sp, sp sjfbW ƒhflk W zfmt jhct rq ˆjde dHdÙsk.
zfv sn dHdÙ rt `kfWrDl'. nckvfQ pfv kfWrDl sbƒ, kfv bfmfp sbƒ. sn bfmfpD rstW kfv bfmfp
mjhct bq zfïfrv lvhfsv. i[f§Àsv iaskAj ƒhflk W zfmt jhct rq lcde smZdtj wkG iftsbv
mfLAsm; (1) ƒJtfn (sn jfu sjht mfÛ zfïfrv …sÜswA rsk rsh. zfv jfsvf …sÜswA, zbA sjfb
öfsKG sn jfu jvst, kf zfïfrv dbje oarBspfoA bq). (2) vnCt  ˆv zbcnvB. k]fv dbslGw
hAkDk zbA sjfb kvDjfq hf iÝdksk sn zfmt jvst, kf zfïfrv jfsY oarBDq bq. mrfb zfïfr
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iadkiftsjv ƒhflsk zbA jf…sj wvDj bf jsv. (jc} 18/110)

bhD mchfwXdwv  hstb, E
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‫ א‬F zKGf{, skfmvf snƒv™i bfmfp
iV, spv™i zfmfsj iVsk slsJY. (hc}, dm} 683 bQ)
zsbj ifEsjv msb ðv¢skƒ ˆ iaw´ ufof öfHfdhj sp, ˆ ic²Àj sjfbX mprfhsj dHdÙ jsv dtdJk?
ˆv …Ùsv htf pfq sp, ƒmfm zfhC rfbDIf (v}) ˆv …dÙÁ ªrflDn nrDr rstƒ sndeƒ zfmfv mprfh.«
(ƒhsb zfshlDb, rfdwqf 1/63, dnnfb} 46ix) zKGf{, nrDr rflDn ifWqf sost pqDI rflDn hf vfq W djqfnsj
huGb jsv snƒ zbcpfqD zfmt jvf iaskAj mcndtsmv ubA Wqfsuh. zfv snƒ jKfv iadk dhswN sJqft
svsJ ˆƒ ic²Àj dtdJk.
bfmfp dw[fv hAfifsv ifEj rqskf dhdHâ hƒ-ic²Àsj `bfbf mcdbv bfbf mk' t[A jvshb. zfv ˆmb mkdhsvfL sp
zöfHfdhj kf bq. ˆv jfvB zsbjef ˆƒ sp, zsbsjv dbje nrDr rflDn zufbf. zsbsjv dbje rflDn nrDr hst
ufbf KfjstW zfnst kf pqDI. zfhfv sjfb rflDn ˆj dvuft-ncsÛ pqDI rstW kf sp zbA dvuft-nCsÛ nrDr, kf
zsbsjv zufbf. nckvfQ pdl sjfb mcukfdrl dbu ƒudkrfsl sjfb mfnzftf hst Kfsjb ˆhQ ltDt sn jKfv nmKGb
jsv, zKhf sjfb zmcukfdrl zfstm pdl sjfb mcukfdrslv jKf dbu ic²Àsj hf Iskfqfq bjt jsvb, kfrst ˆmb
zfstsmv dhv¢sÝ jcimàcjkfv idvyq dlsq `H]cƒ-sI]fV, jfEsmfïf' iaHxdk hst dhv™i m§ÀhA jvf sjfb dhÎ W pwöD
zfstsmv ubA swfHbDq W nmDyDb bq.
spmb ifEsjv …dyk, ltDstv öv™ikf slsJ pKfnfLA ndEj sjfbXde kf dbv™iB jvsk syóf jvf ˆhQ snƒ msk zfmt
jvf. ˆ s[sÛ k]fv ubAW …dyk bq, sjfb zdHÎ zfstsmv dhv¢sÝ sjfb iajfsvv jecdÙÁ jvf. ˆmb sYfeJfe dhNsq
ƒudkrflD mkifKGjAsj dhëfd§Àjv msb bf jvf. jfvB, ˆ njt (ncâkD) dhNsq ndEj Ifqnftf `rA]f' djQhf `bf' pfƒ
srfj, bfmfspv sjfb [dk rsh bf. zkˆh …lfv msb iv±iv-dhsvfLD mskv msLA sp sjfb ˆjdev …iv ndEj Îfsb
zfmt jvst dkdb nWqfh-iafå rshb. spmb mcukfdrslv Ifqnftf ndEj rst dkdb 2de ˆhQ shdEj rst 1de sbjD
tfH jvshb. zfv k]fv zdb¤Yfjxk Hct LkGhA rsh bf.
ifEsjv rfsk zÛ ic²Àjde zfnst nQd[å zfjfsv iajfdwk `nftfsk mchfwXdwv'-ˆv dh²Àfdvk W hdLGk v™i.
rfWqftfq sp nQsjk hAhrfv rsqsY kfv hAfJAf vsqsY ic²Àsjv swN zQsw. jsthv hxdÝ lv¢b hƒdesj lcƒ Jsà dhHÙÁ
jvf uv¢vD dYt. iaskAj Jsà ucsV slWqf rsh snƒ nQsjk-idvdydk W iamfBiÓD. zfwf jdv ifEsjv hcUsk sjfb
zncdhLf rsh bf.
siwfq bq, sbwfq W iasqfusbv kfjDsl pf djYc dtdJ, pf djYc hdt, zfïfr nhƒ skfmfv n§Âdó dhLfsbv …sÜswA.
zkˆh kf zfmfv ˆhQ iajfwsjv jfY sKsj jhct jsv dbW. zfmDb.
zft-mfumfzfr dhbDk
vuh 1418dr} zfèct rfmDl mflfbD
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mrfb zfïfrv zbcoasr `n¶ftfsk mchfwXdwv'-ˆv däkDq Jà ifEsjv rfsk …id²¿k
rt. kfv ubA k]fv lvhfsv tfsJf wcjdvqf Îfib jdv.
äDsbv zbAkm J]dc ev ˆjde jfEfsmf siw jvsk sisv zfdm dbsusj spmb LbA msb
jvdY, skmdb zfwf jvdY lczf W nWqfh tfsHv.
sjht nrDr rflDnsj dHdÙ jsvƒ, zdLj s[sÛ sj dj hstsYb kf …sïJ bf jsvƒ
sjht nrDr dljef kcst LsvdY zfmfv ˆƒ icd²Àjfq. mfbcsNv msb nrDr dw[fv sykbf
W hfnbfv jKf sJqft svsJƒ zfmfv ˆƒ [cû iaqfn. zfïfr spb kf jhct jsvb, kfƒ
zfmfv jfmbf.
dhdHâ dhkdjGk mfnfsqst zfdm hkGmfb dhsw¶v iaLfb 3de vk´; hkGmfb dhsw¶v zdäkDq
mcrfdÜn zfïfmf wfqJ mcrf©mfl bfsnv¢ÜDb zfthfbD, zfïfmf wfqJ ƒhsb hfp ˆhQ
zfïfmf W IjDr wfqJ ƒhsb …NfƒmDb (vfdrmfùmcïfù ufmDzfb)osBv rflDnté W
nrDr ltDt dHdÙj mksj iafLfbA dlsqdY. zfv ˆ jKf zhwAƒ iamfB jsv sp, zfdm
k]fslv iaskAsjv; hvQ iaskAj rj-náfbD vêfbD zfstsmv HÙÁ W zbcvÙÁ. kf hst
jfsvf záHÙÁ bƒ. i[f§Àsv iaskAj mcndtsmv jkGhA zdLjfvDv zdLjfv ndEjv™si
zflfq jvf. …tfmfv pKfKG jlv jvf. iaskAj rj-náfbDv zbcvÙÁ rWqf; pdlW hf
k]fslv sjfb sjfb zdHmk zfmfv-zfibfv hcsUv zbcjCt bq. htf hfùtA, J]fde snfbf
öBGjfvƒ dybsk ifsv; öBG-hAhnfqD bq.
`bfmfp' ƒntfsmv iaLfb ƒhflk. `bfmfp' wède IfvnD, …lGc, dr¦lD W zfmfslv hfQtf
HfNfq zfvhD `nftfk' zsKGƒ idviCBvG ™si hAhr™k hstƒ zfdm `nftfk'-ˆv ²¿fsb
`bfmfp'ƒ hAhrfv jsvdY. kfYfVf hfQtfHfNDv zdLjfQw mfbcN `nftfk' wèdev nfsK
idvdyk bq. kfƒ idvdyk W iadnÝ wèƒ hAhrfv jvsk zfdm iaqfn sisqdY. zfv
ˆsk wvqD sjfb hfLfW sbƒ. nckvfQ ˆ dhNsq ncr™l ifEsjv jfsY zfmfv ƒudkrflD
SjdIqk siw jsv ncldx ó zfjNGB jvdY.
iasqfusbv kfjDsl pf djYc dtdJ, nhƒ zfïfrv n§Âdó tfsHv zfwfq. zfïfr spb kf
zfmfsj lfb jsvb ˆhQ jft djqfmsk ˆvƒ znDtfq zfmfsj, zfmfv wasÝq dikf-
mfkf W W²ÀfpoBsj, zfv ˆ hƒ-ˆv …slAfÙÁf, iajfwj W njt zfmtjfvD ifEjsj
k]fv smrmfb-Jfbf shsrsñ ²¿fb slb. zfmDb.
dhbDk
15/4/1423dr} zfèct rfmDl zft-
zft-mflfbD
26/6/2002dJa}
zft-mfumfzfr
n†lD zfvh
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10

dbqk
zfmtgW ƒhflk wcÝ-zwcÝ
ˆhQ kfsk nWqfh ifWqf-bfifWqfv jKf dbqskv
…iv
dbHGvwDt. dbqk wcÝ
rst zfmt wcÝ;
bsy{ bf. diaq bhD  hstb, ªpfhkDq zfmt
dbqskv …iv dbHGvwDt. nckvfQ iaskAj hAdÙÁv kf-ƒ iafiA rq, pfv sn dbqk jsv
Kfsj. sp hAdÙÁv druvk ifdKGh sjfb dhNq tfsHv
…sÜswA rq, sn hAdÙÁv kf-ƒ iafiA
rq. pfv druvk sjfb mdrtfsj dhhfr jvfv …sÜswA rq, kfv iafiAW kfƒ. sp sp
dbqsk druvk jvsh sn kfƒ sisq Kfjsh.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 1bQ)
bfm sbWqf stfj slJfsbf, sjfb ifdKGh öfKGtfH
ƒkAfdlv …sÜswA sjfb zfmt jvf

ˆj dIkbf; pf jfbf lfÏfstv dIkbf
zsi[f hV W zdLjkv HqËv.
ˆjlf
nfrfhDoB jfbf lfÏfstv jKf zfstfybf jvdYstb.
ƒkAhnsv zfïfrv vnCt  shv
rsq k]fslv …sÜswA htstb,
ªzfdm dj skfmfslvsj
ˆmb (dIkbfv) jKf hst slh bf,
pf zfmfv dbje jfbf lfÏfstv dIkbfv sysq zdLjkv Hqfbj?«
njst htstb,
`zhwAƒ sr zfïfrv vnCt!' dkdb htstb, ªkf rt Èå
dwjG; stfsj bfmfp iVsk
l]fVfst kfv iadk zbA stfsjv lxdó
sJqft jsv kfv bfmfpsj zfsvf nc¦lv hf shwD jsv
iVsk wcv¢ jsv.« (ƒmf}, hf}, nkf} 27bQ)
htfhfùtA, zfïfrv n§ÂdótfH YfVf zbA sjfb
öfKGtfsHv
…sÜswA sjfbW zfmt
jvst
Èå
dwjG jvf rq.
zfïfr kfzftf hstb, ªnckvfQ lcsHGfo snƒ njt bfmfpDslv, pfvf kfslv bfmfp
nìsá
…lfnDb. pfvf stfj slJfsbfv
…sÜswA bfmfp isV
ˆhQ oxr²¿fdtv iasqfubDq
sYfeJfsef nfrfpAlfsb dhvk Kfsj.« (jc} 107/4-7)
ÎfkhA sp, iaskAj
ƒhflk jhct rWqfv mCt hcdbqfl rt kWrDl.
zkˆh mcwdvsjv sjfb ƒhflk oarBspfoA bq. spmb iaskAj ƒhflk mÓcv rWqfv
ubA smZdtj wkG rt lc'de; dbqskv
ƒJtfn hf dhwcÝdyÙkf
ˆhQ mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr
 ˆv kvDjf, pf nrDr rflDsn hdBGk.

bbffmmffssppvv w
wkkfG fG hht
tDD
1. bfmfpDsj iajkx mcndtm rsk rsh. 2. Îfbn©iâ rsk rsh. (ifot hf ÎfbwCbA
rsh bf.) 3. dhshjn©iâ rsk rsh. (nfk hYsvv dbm´ hqnD dwwc rsh bf.) 4. (Wpc-
sofnt jsv) idhÛ rsk rsh. 5. bfmfspv ndEj nmq rsk rsh. 6. wvDsvv tÏf²¿fb
zfhxk rsk rsh. 7. wvDv, sifwfj W bfmfspv ²¿fb sKsj bfifjD lCv jvsk rsh.
8. djhtfv dlsj mcJ jvsk rsh. 9. msb msb dbqk jvsk rsh.
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11

bfmfspv zfvjfbnmr
C
1. (Ivp bfmfsp) nfmKGA rst djqfm (l]fVfsbfv nmq l]fdVsq bfmfp iVf). 2. kfjhDsv
kfrvDmf. 3. (iaskAj vfjzfsk) nCvf Ifdkrf. 4. v¢jc. 5. v¢jc sKsj …sE JfVf
rWqf. 6. (nfófsÌ) dnulfr. 7. dnulfr sKsj …sE hnf. 8. lcƒ dnulfv mfsU ShEj.
9. swN kfwfrùl. 10. kfwfrùslv swN ShEj. 11. …ÙÁ kfwfrùsl bhD () ˆv
…iv lv™l ifE. 12. lcƒ nftfm. 13. nm²À v¢jXsb LDvkf W d²¿vkf. 14. zfvjfsbv
mfsU kvkDh W ipGfqÛÁm.

bfmfspv Wqfsuhnmr
C
1. kfjhDsv kfrvDmf YfVf nm²À kfjhDv. 2. v¢jcv kfnhDr. 3. (ƒmfm W ˆjfjD
bfmfpDv ubA) `nfdmzfïfù dtmfb rfdmlfr' htf. 4. (njstv ubA) `vfêfbf ztfjft
rfmXlX' htf. 5. dnulfv kfnhDr. 6. lcƒ dnulfv mfsU lczf. 7. iaKm kfwfrùl.
8. kfwfrùslv iaKm ShEj.

bfmfp jJb Ivp rq?

druvskv iCshG bhczskv 12 zKhf 13km hYsv wsh-dm'vfsu nå
zfnmfsbv

…isv nvfndv zfïfr W k]fv diaq vnCstv nf[fsk (dhbf mfLAsm) bfmfp Ivp rq.
iakAr 50 zsÙÁv bfmfp Ivp rst rpvk mCnf  W rpvk duhvDt  ˆv
ivfmwGmsk mrfbhD  zfïfr kfzftfv dbje jsqjhfv pfkfqfk jsv bfmfp rfîf
jvfv lvJf²À siw jvst 50 sKsj 5 zsÙÁ jdmsq zfbf rq. dj§Â
zfïfrv jKf zbV
hstƒ ‰ 5 zsÙÁv dhdbmsq 50 zsÙÁvƒ nWqfh bfmfpDvf tfH jsv Kfsjb. (hc}, mc}, dm}
5864bQ)
bfmfp Ivp rWqfv sofVfsk (4 vfjzfkdhdwó
bfmfpÈstf) lc' lc' vfjzfk jsvƒ
Ivp dYt. isv pJb bhD  mlDbfq druvk jvstb, kJb (spfrv, zfnv W ˆwfv
bfmfsp) 2 vfjzfk jsv shsV 4 vfjzfk rt. zfv nIsvv bfmfp rt ‰ iaKm
Ivmfsbv mckfshj. (hc}, mc}, zf}, dm} 1348 bQ)
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12

bfmfspv mfrfk¹A
mrfb zfïfr hstb,

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ˆhQ pKfpKHfsh bfmfp iV. dbÇyq
bfmfp zw½Dt W m¦l jfu rsk dhvk vfsJ. zfv zhwAƒ zfïfrv dpjXv (n¹vBƒ)
nhGswaô. (jc} 29/45)
bfmfp mcdmsbv y[csj wDkt jsv, kfv pfhkDq sYfe sYfe sofbfr hf tOc W …iifisj
smfyb jsv slq. rpvk zfhc ùvfƒvf
hstb, zfdm zfïfrv vnCt  sj htsk
wcsbdY, dkdb hstsYb, ªdj zdHmk skfmfslv, pdl skfmfslv jfsvf lvufv nfmsbƒ
ˆjde blD Kfsj ˆhQ snƒ blDsk sn iakAr i]fyhfv sofnt jsv, kfv wvDsv sjfb mqtf
zhdwó Kfjsh dj? njst htt, `bf, kfv wvDsv sjfb mqtf zhdwó Kfjsh bf.' dkdb
htstb, ªzbcv™iƒ i]fy WqfÙÁ bfmfspv …imf. ‰ bfmfpnmCsrv Istƒ (bfmfpDv)
nm²À sofbfrsj zfïfr smfyb jsv slb.« (hcJfvD 528bQ, mcndtm 667bQ, dkvdmpD, bfnf„)
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªjfhDvfr sofbfr bf jvst i]fy WqfÙÁ bfmfp, ˆj ucmzfr
sKsj ziv ucmzfr -ˆv mLAhkGDjfst nQOdek ifinmCsrv jfIIfvf (iafqdÇyÙ).«
(mcndtm 233bQ, dkvdmpD, iamcJ)
rpvk zfhc …nmfb
hstb, ˆjlf ˆjde ofsYv dbsy zfdm nftmfb
ˆv nfsK
(hsn) dYtfm. dkdb ofsYv ˆjde wc®j Fft Lsv drdtsq dlstb. ˆsk Ffstv nm²À
ifkfocdt UsV sot. zk}iv dkdb htstb, `sr zfhc …nmfb! kcdm zfmfsj duÎfnf
jvsh bf dj sp, sjb zfdm ˆv™i jvtfm?' zfdm httfm, `sjb jvstb?' dkdb
htstb, `ˆjlf zfdmW zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv nfsK ofsYv dbsy dYtfm. dkdb zfmfv
nfmsb zbcv™i jvstb; ofsYv ˆjde wc®j Fft Lsv drdtsq dlstb. ˆsk kfv nm²À
ifkf Jsn iVt. zk}iv htstb, ªsr nftmfb! kcdm zfmfsj duÎfnf jvsh bf dj
sp, sjb zfdm ˆv™i jvtfm?« zfdm httfm, sjb jvstb? dkdb …Ùsv htstb,
ªmcndtm pJb nc¦lvHfsh Wpc jsv i]fy WqfÙÁ bfmfp isV kJb kfv ifivfdw dEj
‰Hfshƒ Usv pfq spHfsh ˆƒ ifkfocstf Usv sot. zfv dkdb ˆƒ zfqfk ifE jvstb,

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zKGf{, zfv kcdm dlsbv lc' iaf§ÀHfso W vfskv iaKfmfQsw bfmfp jfsqm jv. icBAvfdw
zhwAƒ ifivfdwsj lCvDHCk jsv slq. (zfïfrv) n¹vBjfvDslv ubA ˆ rt ˆj n¹vB.
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(nCvf rCl 114 zfqfk) (zfrml, bfnf„, kf¶hfvfbD, nrDr kfvoDh 356bQ)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªhf¦lf pJb bfmfsp l]fVfq, kJb kfv sn kfv nm²À sofbfrsj dbsq
kfv mfKfq W lcƒ j]fsL vfJf rq. zk}iv sn pJbƒ v¢jC W dnulf jsv, kJbƒ ˆjde
ˆjde jsv nm²À sofbfrÈdt Usv isV pfq.« (hfƒrfjD, n}uf} 1671bQ)

bfmfspv Èv¢k¶
bfmfp W kfv Èv¢sk¶v jKf jcvzfb mfuDslv hù ufqofskƒ zfstfdyk rsqsY.
sjfKfW bfmfp jfsqm jvfv zfslw dlsq, sjfKfW bfmfpDv iawQnf W iadklfb ˆhQ
shbfmfpDv db¦lf W wfd²À hBGbf jsv, zfïfr kfzftf bfmfspv iadk hV Èv¢k¶ zfsvfi
jsvsYb. ˆj ²¿fsb dkdb hstb,
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zKGf{, kfviv kfvf pdl kWhf jsv bfmfp jfsqm jsv W pfjfk slq ksh kfvf
skfmfslv äDbD Hfƒ. (bsy{ bq.) (jc} 9/11)
zbAÛ
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k]fv zdHmcJD rW; k]fsj Hq jv, pKfpKHfsh bfmfp iV, zfv
mcwdvjslv z§ÀHÙ cG Á
rsqf bf. (jc} 30/31)
jcvzfb mfuDsl bfmfpsj mrfb zfïfr `„mfb' hst zfJAfqb jsvsYb, dkdb hstb,


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zKGf{, zfïfr skfmfslv (jf'hfv dlj YfVf hfqkct mfjslsnv dlsj mcJ jsv
zflfqjxk iCshGv) „mfb (bfmfp)sj hvhfl jvshb bf. (jc} 2/143)
bfmfp mc'dmsbv „mfb W mcndtsmv ƒntfsmv dblwGb. mrfbhD  hstb, ªƒntfm W
dwjG ˆhQ jcIsvv mfsU ifKGjA dbhGfybjfvD rt ˆƒ bfmfp.« (mc} 82bQ, dm} 569bQ)
sjfb zfmt kAfo jvfv Ist sj… jfsIv rsq pfq bf. dj§Â
nfrfhfoB bfmfp kAfo
jvfsj jcIXvD msb jvskb. (dk}, dm} 579bQ)
rpvk ƒhsb mfn…l
hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ bfmfp kAfo jsv kfv äDbƒ sbƒ.« (ƒhsb
zfhD wfƒhfƒ, k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv, nrDr kfvoDh 571bQ)
rpvk zfhC lfvlf
hstb, ªpfv bfmfp sbƒ kfv „mfbƒ sbƒ.« (ƒhsb zfèct hfvG,
iamcJ, nrDr kfvoDh 572bQ)
diaq bhD  zfsvf hstb, ªzfmfslv W Wslv (jfsIvslv) mfsU ycdÙÁƒ rt bfmfp.
nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ
kf kAfo jvsh, sn jfsIv
rsq pfsh (hf jcIvD jvsh.) (dk} 2621,
ƒmf} 1079 bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªi]fy WqfÙÁ
bfmfp zfïfr hf¦lfosBv …iv Ivp jsvsYb.
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14

nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ
kf pKfKGv™si zflfq jvsh ˆhQ kfsk Èv¢k¶ dlsq kfv djYcW dhbó

jvsh bf, snƒ hAdÙÁv ubA zfïfrv ˆƒ iadkwa¢dk zfsY sp, dkdb kfsj ufâfsk iashw
jvfshb. zfv sp hAdÙÁ
kf zflfq jvsh bf, sn hAdÙÁv ubA zfïfrv sjfb iadkwa¢dk
sbƒ. dkdb ƒ¤Yf jvst kfsj wfd²À slshb, bsy{ ƒ¤Yf rst ufâfskW dlsk ifsvb.«
(mf}, zflf}, bf}, ƒdr}, nkf} 363 bQ)
iCshGfÙÁ
zfqfk W rflDsnv dHdÙsk hV hV hù …tfmfoB hstsYb sp, shbfmfpD
jfsIv. sjfb mcndtm (bfmfpD) bfvDv nfsK kfv dhhfr rsk ifsv bf, kfv phfƒjxk
iwcv mfQn rftft rq bf, sn mfvf sost kfv ufbfpf iVf rsh bf, mcndtm (bfmfpD)
sYstvf kfv Wqfdvn rsh bf hf snW bfmfpD hfsiv Wqfdvn rsh bf ˆhQ kfsj
mcndtmslv jhv²¿fsb lfIb jvf rsh bf
---
ƒkAfdl.
zhwA swsNfÙÁ
rflDn
ˆhQ zbcv™i zbAfbA rflDsnv dHdÙsk zbAfbA zfstmoB
hstb sp, `shbfmfpD jfsIv bq, ksh bfmfp kAfo jvf jfsIsvv jfu hse.' (ƒhsb hfp,
ƒhsb …nfƒmDb W zfthfbDv Iskfqf ûóhA)
pfƒhf srfj …ÙÁ
zfqfk W rflDnnmCsr bfmfspv dhvfe
Èv¢k¶ ±ió.
bfmfp rt
äDsbv
J]dc e. (ndk} 2110, nƒmf} 3973 bQ) äDsbv i]fyde hcdbqfslv msLA
ˆefƒ rt däkDq
hcdbqfl. (hc}, mc}, dm} 4bQ) kfƒ skf diaq bhD  uDhsbv swN mcrCskG mvB-wpAfq wfdqk
zh²¿fskW bfmfspv ubA hAdkhA²À dYstb. ƒs§Àjfstv iCshG swN …islsw dkdb bfmfspv
Èv¢k¶ nìsá
…©mksj nsykb jsv sostb. htstb,
ªbfmfp! bfmfp! zfv
ÛÁDklfn-
lfnD (ˆv hAfifsv skfmvf nkjG sKsjf.) (nuf} 3873 bQ)
nfhftj rstƒ mcndtsmv …iv bfmfp Ivp rq. khcW zHA²À jvfv …sÜswAƒ
zfïfrv bhD  hstb, ªskfmvf skfmfslv sYst-smsqslvsj kfslv hqn 7 hYv
rstƒ bfmfspv zfslw lfW. 10 hYv hqsn bfmfsp zHAfnD bf rst kfslvsj iarfv
jv. zfv kfslv iaskAsjv dhYfbf ixKj jsv lfW.« (zflf}, dm} 572bQ)
nh zsÙÁv bfmfp bq, sjhtmfÛ
ˆj zsÙÁv zfnsvv bfmfp Ycse sost hf bf iVf
rst kfv [dkv idvmfB hcUfsk diaq
bhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfnsvv bfmfp kAfo
jsv, sn hAdÙÁv zfmt ià rsq pfq.« (hcJfvD 553, bfnf„)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁv zfnsvv bfmfp Ycse sot, kfv spb idvhfv W Lb-mft
tcØb rsq sot.« (mfstj, hcJfvD 552, mcndtm 626 bQ iamcJ)
mrfb zfïfr hstb,
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zKGf{, nckvfQ lcsHGfo snƒ njt bfmfpDslv, pfvf kfslv bfmfp nìsá
…lfnDb. pfvf
stfj slJfsbfv
…sÜswA bfmfp isV. (jc} 107/4-6) htf hfùtA, bfmfpD rsqW bfmfsp
ofItdk jvfv jfvsB pdl slfpsJv lcsHGfo sHfo jvsk rq, kfrst shbfmfpD rsq jk
hV lcsHGfo sHfo jvsk rsh kf zbcsmq.
mvsBv ivifsv mLAuosk bfmfsp …lfnDb W SwdKtAjfvD hAdÙÁv mfKfq djqfmk
zhdL ifKv Ecsj Ecsj mfvf rsh. (hc} 1143bQ)
bfmfp zfïfr W hf¦lfv mfsU n©isjGv ˆj snkchá.
ªdjqfmskv dlb hf¦lfv dbje
sKsj nhGfsoa sp zfmstv drnfh sbWqf rsh kf rt bfmfp. nckvfQ kf ndEj rsq Kfjst
kfv zbAfbA zfmtW ndEj hst dhshdyk rsh. bsy{ zbAfbA njt zfmt db°It W
hAKG rsh.« (k¶fh}, nkf} 369bQ)
bfmfp ˆk Èv¢k¶iCBG sp, kfv wkGfhtD hkGmfb Kfjf jfst kf (bfhftj dwwc, ifot W
‡kcmkD mdrtf YfVf) jfsvf ubA sjfb zh²¿fskƒ mfI bq. ˆmb dj pcsÝv mqlfsb
iafBr§Àf vÙÁ-diifnc wÛ¢lstv nfmsbW bq! (jc} 4/102) znc²¿
zh²¿fq JfVf rsq bf
ifvst hsn, hsn bf ifvst jf{ rsq wcsqW bfmfp iVskƒ rsh. (hc}, dm} 1248 bQ)
ƒwfvf-ƒdÌsk vc¢jc-dnulf bf jvsk ifvst msb msb dbqskW bfmfp iVsk rsh. syóf
nsÙ¶W idhÛ
Kfjsk
z[m rstW
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zh²¿fskƒ bfmfp Ivp. (ƒhsb …nfƒmDb, jfƒIf
qAfkfk¶frXrfv¢t mfvDpc zqcAnfïD ûóhA)

idhÛkf
bfmfp jhct rWqfv ubA spv™i dhwcÝ
„mfb
ˆhQ r™lqsj dwjDG W jcIvD LfvBf W
dhw¶fn sKsj idhÛ
vfJf uv¢vD wkG, kû™i bfmfpDv hfdrAj slr W sifwfj-zfwfjsj
idhÛ
vfJfW
ˆj uv¢vD wkG. spsrkc ªbfmfspv yfdhjfdEƒ rt idhÛkf.« (zflf}, dk},
lf}, dm} 312 bQ) kfYfVf ˆƒ idhÛkf rt zsLGj
„mfb. (mc}, dm} 281bQ)
(dhswN jsv ifdb äfvf zduGk) idhÛkfq hxdÝ
rq msbfspfo, lCv rq zftnA, k¦ûf W
dbûf, ±ICdkGv nfsK ƒhflsk mb hsn zdLj.
mpD hf mtmCÛ
sKsj idhÛkf zuGsbv ubA ifdb hf (psKó ifdb bf ifWqf sost)
mfdev sTtf hAhrfv jsv kf lCv jvf
ˆhQ Wpc jvfƒ psKó.
zhwA sjfb iajfsvv SmKcb

äfvf hf
ösi´ zKhf spZbdy§Àfq …sÙubf W kxdåv nfsK hDpGifk jvst hf rst sofnt
Ivp. spmb nÌsm spfbDisK dtÌfoa iashw jdvsq hDpGifk bf jvstW sofnt Ivp.
(hc}, mc}, dm} 430bQ) zbcv™i mdrtfslv mfdnj W sbIfn sKsj idhÛ
rWqfv ubAW
sofnt Ivp.
Wpc W sofnstv ubA hAhrfpG ifdbW idhÛ
kKf idhÛjfvD rWqf uv¢vD. nfLfvBk}
icjvc , blD, bftf, nmcû, iaHdx kv ifdb idhÛ
W idhÛjfvD. sp ifdbsk idhÛ
sjfb
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dudbn -spmb zfef, nfhfb, ufIvfb
ƒkAfdl dmdwak rq, sn ifdbv vQ, oá
hf
öfl
idvhkGb bf rst kfsk Wpc-sofnt ytsh.
ifdbsk sjfb zidhÛ
dudbn isV pfWqfv Ist zKhf zbA sjfb jfvsB pdl kfv vQ,

öfl hf oá
idvhkGb rsq pfq, kfrst kf bfifj oBA rsh. idvhkGb bf rstW pdl ifdb
2 jcïfr (iafq 270 dtefv, mkf§Àsv 191 sKsj 200 sjdu) ˆv sysq jm rq,
kfrstW kf bfifj. ˆv shwD rst sn ifdb ifj. kfsk Wpc-sofnt ytsh. (zf}, zflf},
dk}, bf}, ƒmf}, lf}, dm} 477bQ)
sp ifdb ˆjhfv Wpc-sofnst hAhrfv rsqsY, sn ifdb ifj. dj§Â
kfsk zfv Wpc-
sofnt rsh bf.
mfbcN, ofLf, J¤yv, ifJD, rftft iwc, dhVft iaHdx kv ˆ]sef ifdb ifj; kfsk Wpc-
sofnt ytsh. zhwA wCjv W jcjcsvv ˆ]sef ifdb bfifj. (dh²Àfdvk ûóhA dInc} …lGc 33-37ix})

sofnt jvfv dbqm

bfifjDv sofnt jvsk rst sofnstv dbqk jsv mcndtm iaKsm 3 hfv lcƒ rfk jdç
ipG§À Lcsh. zk}iv hfm rfskv …iv ifdb sTst slsrv bfifjD Lcsq sItsh. kfviv
hfm rfksj mfde zKhf nfhfb äfvf Lcsq bfmfspv ubA Wpc jvfv mk iCBG Wpc jvsh.
zhwA sofnstv ufqof idv°jfv bf rst if lcde sofnt swsN Lcsq sbsh. Wpcv iv 3 hfv
mfKfq ifdb sTst Hft jsv yctÈstf sLfsh, pfsk nm²À ycstv sofVfq sofVfq ifdb si]ZsY
pfq. kfviv nfvf slsr 3 hfv ifdb sTst Hftv™si Lcsq sbsh. (hc}, mc}, dm} 435-436 bQ)
mdrtfslv sofntW icv¢Nslv zbcv™i. zhwA mdrtfv mfKfv ycst shBD h]fLf (ycde
o]fKf) Kfjst kf sJftf uv¢vD bq. ksh 3 hfv ifdb dbsq ycstv sofVf zhwAƒ Lcsq dbsk
rsh. (hc}, dm} 438bQ) bsJ bJifdtw hf sjfb iajfv icv¢ si¦eX Kfjst kf kcst bf sItf
ipG§À sofnt rsh bf. i[f§Àsv smsrlD hf zftkf stso Kfjf zh²¿fq sofnt rsq pfsh.
jifst dei (?) Kfjst YfdVsq sIst (jift) Lcsk rsh. bsy{ sofnt rsh bf.
hDpGifk hf nÌm-udbk bfifjD W mfdnsjv sofnt, zKhf mfdnj W
„l, zKhf
hDpGifk hf nÌm-udbk bfifjD W ucmzf hf
„slv sofnt dbqk rst
ˆjhfvƒ psKó.

ixKj ixKj sofnstv lvjfv sbƒ. (dInc} …lccG 60ix} û})
sofnstv iv bfmfspv ubA zfv ixKj Wpcv iasqfub sbƒ. sofnstv iv Wpc HfÌfv
sjfb jfu bf jvst sofnstv Wpcskƒ bfmfp rsq pfsh. (zflf}, dk}, bf}, ƒmf}, dm} 445bQ)
svfo-udbk jfvsB pdl jfsvf tfofkfv hDpG, mpD, nafh hf ƒd²Àrfpfv Jcb Usv ksh kfv
ubA sofnt Ivp bq; iaskAj bfmfspv ubA Wpcƒ psKó.
ˆƒ njt zh²¿fq bfmfp mfI
bq. (zflf}, dk}, dm} 560-561 bQ)
iajfw sp, sofnt, Wpc hf zbAfbA jsmGv nmq dbqk zfvhDsk hf dbu HfNfq mcsJ
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…¤yfvB jvf dhlzfk.

nkjGkfv dhNq sp, bfifjD lCv jvfv ubA sjht of-sLfqf hf of Fcdhsq sbWqf psKó

bq. iCshG Wpc jsv pKfdbqsm sofnt jvst kshƒ iCBG sofnt rq. bsy{ zsbsjv msk
jcdï bf jvst ˆhQ bfsj ifdb bf dbst sofntƒ wcÝ
rsh bf. (mcm} 1/304)

Wpc W kfv Èv¢k¶

mrfb zfïfr hstb,

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zKGf{, sr „mfblfvoB! pJb skfmvf bfmfspv ubA ia²k  rsh kJb skfmvf
skfmfslv mcJmàt W rfk jbcƒ ipG§À sLZk jvsh ˆhQ skfmfslv mfKf mfnfr jvsh.
zfv if lc'desj o]fe ipG§À sLZk jvsh. (jc} 5/6)
nckvfQ hV bfifjD bf Kfjfv Ist sofnstv lvjfv bf rstW bfmfspv ubA sYfe
bfifjD sKsj idhÛkf zuGsbv
…sÜswA Wpc Ivp.
ˆ
hAfifsv mrfbhD  W hstb,

ªWpc bó
rsq sost icbvfq Wpc bf jvf ipG§À zfïfr jfsvf bfmfp jhct jsvb bf.« (hc},
mc} dm} 300bQ)
Wpcv mfrfk¹A W IpDtk iansÌ
ˆjfdLj rflDn hdBGk rsqsY. ˆj rflDsn dkdb
hstb, ªdjqfmskv dlb zfmfv …©mksj zfr¶fb jvf rsh; zfv snƒ nmq Wpcv Ist
kfslv mcJmàt W rfk-if lDdåmq Kfjsh.« (hc} 136, mc} 246bQ)
zbA ˆj rflDsn dkdb hstb, ªWpcv ifdb pÜCv si]ZYsh kÜCv mc'dmsbv zsÌ
ztËfv
(suAfdk) swfHmfb rsh.« (mc} 250bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªmcndtm hf mcdmb hf¦lf pJb Wpcv …sÜswA kfv mcJmàt sLZk
jsv kJb Wpcv ifdbv nfsK zKhf ifdbv swN dh¦lcv nfsK iaskAj snƒ sofbfr shv
rsq pfq pf sn lcƒ y[cv lxdóv mfLAsm jsv sIstdYt. zk}iv pJb sn kfv rfk lcdesj
sLZk jsv kJb ifdbv nfsK zKhf ifdbv swN dh¦lcv nfsK iaskAj snƒ sofbfr shv rsq
pfq pf sn …Hq rfsk LfvB jvfv mfLAsm jsv sIstdYt. zk}iv pJb sn kfv if
lcdesj sLZk jsv kJb ifdbv nfsK zKhf ifdbv swN dh¦lcv nfsK iaskAj snƒ sofbfr
shv rsq pfq pf sn kfv lcifsq ytfv mfLAsm jsv sIstdYt. swN zhdL nm²À sofbfr
sKsj sn idhÛ rsq shv rsq zfsn.« (mfstj, mcndtm 244bQ, dkvdmpD)
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18

Wpc jvfv dbqm

1- bfmfpD iaKsm msb msb Wpcv dbqk jvsh. jfvB dbqk YfVf sjfb jmGƒ wcÝ
rq bf.
(hc}, mc}, dm} 1bQ)
2- `dhndmïfr' hst Wpc wcv¢ jvsh. jfvB wcv¢sk kf bf htst Wpc rq bf. (nzflf} 92bQ)
3- dkbhfv lcƒ rfk jdç ipG§À Lcsq sbsh. rfsk OdV, ycdV, zfQde iaHdx k Kfjst kf
drdtsq kfv kst ifdb si]ZYfsh. zfÌct dlsq zfÌcstv I]fjÈstf sJtft jvsh. (zflf},
dk}, ƒmf}, dm} 407bQ) ˆviv ifdbv ifsÛ
rfk Fcdhsq ifdb dbsk ifsv. (hc}, mc} 394bQ)
iajfw sp, bsJ bJifdtw hf sjfb iajfv icv¢ si¦eX Kfjst kf kcst bf sItf ipG§À Wpc
rsh bf. i[f§Àsv smsrlD hf zftkf stso Kfjf zh²¿fq Wpc-sofnt rsq pfsh.
4- kfviv Ffb rfsk ifdb dbsq 3 hfv jcdï jvsh.
5-zk}iv ifdb dbsq bfsjv sofVfq tfdosq sesb dbsq hfm rfk äfvf bfj UfVsh.

ˆv™i 3 hfv jvsh. ksh svfpf zh²¿fq Kfjst nfhLfsb bfsj ifdb efbsh, pfsk otfv
dbsy ifdb bf yst pfq. (dk}, bf}, nbf} 89, dm} 405, 410bQ)
zhwA ˆj stfe ifdbskƒ ˆjƒ nfsK zsLGj dlsq jcdï jsv hfdj zsLGj dlsq bfj
UfVstW yst. (hc}, mc}, dm} 394bQ)
6- zk}iv mcJmàt (ˆj jfb sKsj ziv jfsbv mLAhkGD ˆhQ jifstv ycstv sofVf
sKsj lfdVv dbsyv zQw ipG§À zÌ) 3
hfv ifdb tfdosq lcƒ rfk äfvf sLZk jvsh. (hc}
140bQ) ˆj stfe ifdb lfdVv mfsU dlsq lfdVv I]fsj I]fsj zfÌct yfdtsq kf sJtft
jvsh. (zflf}, dm} 408bQ) mdrtfslv jifst dei (?) Kfjst YfdVsq sIst (jift)
Lcsk rsh. bsy{ Wpc rsh bf.
7- zk}iv iaKsm Ffb rfk zfÌcstv Fof sKsj jbcƒ ipG§À ˆhQ klbcv™i hfm rfk 3
hfv (iaskAj hfsv icsvf rfsk ifdb dIdvsq vosV) sLZk jvsh.
8- zk}iv ˆjhfv mfKf mfnfr jvsh; bkcb ifdb äfvf lcƒ rfksj dHdusq
zfÌctÈdtsj mcsJfmcdJ jsv mfKfv nfmsbv dlj (spJfb sKsj yct oufsbf wcv¢ rsqsY
snJfb) sKsj diYb dlj (olGfsbv spJfsb yct swN rsqsY snJfb) ipG§À ±iwG jsv
icbvfq nfmsbv dlsj dbsq ˆsn wcv¢v ufqof ipG§À iCBG mfKf mfnfr jvsh. (hc}, mc}, dm}
394bQ) mfKfq ifodV Kfjst kfv …isvW mfnfr jvsh. (mc}, dm} 399bQ)
9- zk}iv zfv bkcb ifdb bf dbsq ‰ rfskƒ lcƒ jfb mfnfr jvsh; wfrflskv
(kuGbD) lcƒ zfÌct
äfvf lcƒ jfsbv dHkv dlj ˆhQ lcƒ hcsVf zfÌct
äfvf lcƒ jfsbv
diE W hfdrv dlj mfnfr jvsh. (nzflf} 99, 125bQ)
iajfw sp, olGfb mfnfr jvf dhsLq bq. hvQ ˆef dhlzfk.
10- zk}iv iaKsm Ffb if W isv hfm if o]fe ipG§À 3 hfv jsv vosV sLfsh. jsV
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19

zfÌct
äfvf ifsqv zfÌcstv I]fjÈstf sJtft jsv vosV sLZk jvsh. (zflf}, dk}, ƒmf},
dm} 407bQ)
diaq bhD  hstb, ªiCBfG Ìv™si Wpc jv, zfÌcstv I]fjÈstf sJtft jv zfv svfpf bf
Kfjst bfsj Jch Hftv™si ifdb yVfW. (kfviv kf sUsV sIst …Ùmv™si bfj nfI
jv.) (zflf}, dk}, bf}, ƒmf}, lf}, dm} 405-406 bQ)
11- ˆviv rfsk ifdb dbsq jfisVv …iv sKsj wvmofsr dYdesq slsh. dhswN jsv
siwfh jvfv iv Wpc jvst ˆƒ zfmt zdLjv™si hAhrfpG. spsrkc siwfh jsv
kfrfvskv iv lc-ˆj jfkvf siwfh shv rWqfv znznf Kfsj. nckvfQ ifdb dYdesq
dlst ‰ znznf lCv rsq pfq. (nzflf} 152-154, nƒmf} 374-376bQ) ˆƒ zfmt sJfl
duhvf„t  mrfbhD  sj dw[f dlsqsYb. (ƒmf}, lf}, rf}, hf}, zf}, dnn} 841bQ)

Wpv
c swsN lczf
diaq bhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA sp sj…ƒ idviCBvG ™si Wpc jvfv iv (dbs©bv
dpjXv) isV kfv ubAƒ ufâfskv zfede äfv …¦mcÙÁ jvf rq; sp äfv dlsq ƒ¤Yf sn
iashw jvsk ifsv.
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zKGf{, zfdm nf[A dld¤Y sp, zfïfr hAkDk sjfb nkA …ifnA sbƒ. dkdb ˆjj k]fv
sjfb zQwD sbƒ. zfsvf nf[A dld¤Y sp, mcrf©mfl  k]fv hf¦lf W vnCt. (mcndtm 234bQ,
zfhc lf†l, ƒhsb mfufr)
dkvdmpDv hBGbfq ˆƒ lczfv swsN dbsm´v zQwdeW pcÙÁ
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zKG}- sr zfïfr! zfmfsj kWhfjfvD W idhÛkf zuGbjfvDslv ltHcÙÁ
jv. (dm}
289bQ)
Wpcv swsN dbsm´v lczf ifE jvst kf wcë dbhsá
dtsJ nDt jvf rq
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zKGf{, skfmfv niawQn idhÛkf sOfNBf jvdY sr zfïfr! zfdm nf[A dld¤Y sp kcdmƒ
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20

ˆjmfÛ nkA …ifnA. zfdm skfmfv dbje [mf iafKGbf jvdY W skfmfv dlsj iakAfhkGb
(kWhf) jvdY. (k¶f}, nkf} 218bQ, ƒo} 1/135, 3/94)
ˆ YfVf iaskAj zÌ
sLfqfv nmq dbdlGó
lczf zKhf swsN
`ĉf zfbpftbf' ifE
dhlzfk.

Wpv
c zfbcNdÌj mfnfsqt
Wpcv zÌÈstfsj jmis[ 1 hfv jsv sLfqf uv¢vD. 2 hfv jsv LcstW yst. ksh 3
hfv jsv sLfqfƒ …Ùm.
ˆvƒ …isv zfïfrv vnCt  kKf nfrfhfsq sjvfsmv zfmt
shwD. dj§Â
dkbhfsvv zdLj sLfqf zdkvÓb, hfVfhfdV W nDmftQOb jvf. (zflf}, bf},
ƒmf}, dm} 417-418 bQ)
Wpcv sjfb zÌ
2
hfv
ˆhQ sjfb zÌ
3
hfv sLfqf lCNBDq bq. (n}zflf} 109, n}dk} 43bQ)
sufVf zÌÈdtv Ffb zÌsj zfso sLfqf vnCt

ˆv dbslGw. (zf}, zflf}, ƒmf}, dm}
401bQ) dkdb Wpc, sofnt, mfKf z]fyVfsbf, ucskf ivf iaHdx k njt jfsuv nmq Ffb
sKsj wcv¢ jvf iY¦l jvskb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 400bQ)
Wpcv zÌÈstf -dhswN jsv rfk W if- vosV sLfqf
…Ùm. vnCt

ˆv
ˆv™iƒ
zfmt dYt. (nbf} 72, dm} 407bQ)
zÌnmCr
ˆmbHfsh Lcsk rsh pfsk sjfb nfmfbA ufqofW wcjsbf sKsj bf pfq. Wpcv
zsÌ
sjfb iajfv ifdbsvfLj h²Â (spmb si¦eX, ycb, jcmjcm, ztËfv, OdV, dei
ƒkAfdl)
Kfjst kf zhwAƒ lCv jsv dbsk rsh. spsrkc zfïfrv bhD  ˆjlf jkj stfsjv
wc°j sofVfdt slsJ hstdYstb, ªsofVfdtÈstfv ubA slfpsJ L¶Qn W nhGbfw vsqsY!
skfmvf Hftv™si (njt zÌsj n©iCBvG ™si) Lcsq Wpc jv.« (mc}, dm} 398bQ)
ˆj hAdÙÁ
Wpc jvfv iv mrfbhD

ˆv dbje
…id²¿k rst slJstb, kfv lcƒ ifsq
bJ idvmfB ufqof wc°j vsqsY. dkdb kfsj htstb, ªkcdm dIsv dosq Hftv™si Wpc
jsv ˆn.« (nzflf} 158bQ)
ˆj hAdÙÁsj dkdb slJstb bfmfp iVsY, zfv kfv
ˆj ifsqv disE
ˆj dlvrfm
hvfhv
²¿fb wc°j vsqsY, pfsk sn ifdbƒ si]ZYfqdb. dkdb kfsj icbvfq Wpc jsv
bkcbHfsh bfmfp iVsk zfslw dlstb. (nzflf} 161 bQ)
Wpc jvfv nmq dbvhd¤YâHfsh ˆjefbf zÌÈstfsj
ipGfqÛÁsm ˆsjv iv
ˆj Lcsk
rsh. mfsU dhvdk slWqf ShL bq. nckvfQ sj… mfKf hf jfb mfnfr bf jsv Hcst if Lcsq
sItst ˆhQ nk¶v msb iVst, sn mfnfr jsv icbvfq if sLfsh. hù isv msb iVst
icbvfq bkcb jsv Wpc jvsh.
sj… pdl Wpc wcv¢ jvfv iv jfisV bfifjD slsJ ˆhQ kf nfI jvsk jvsk iCshGjfv
sLZk zÌ
wcdjsq pfq, kfrst kfsj icb} Wpc jvsk rsh. i[f§Àsv pdl Wpc n©idjGk
sjfb dhNsq hA²À rsq dbvhd¤Yâkf sjse pfq, ksh kfsk sjfb [dk rq bf. spmb Wpc
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jvsk jvsk rfsk hf Wpcv sjfb zsÌ
si¦eX hf bJ-ifdtw hf ycb YfVfsk zKhf ifdb
swN rsq sost icbvfq j]sc qf hf jt sKsj ifdb kctsk djQhf eAfsËv ifƒi Jctsk
iaHdx k jfvsB Wpcsk nfmfbA dhvdk ˆsn iCshGjfv sLfqf zÌ
wcdjsq pfq, kfrst icbvfq
bkcbHfsh wcv¢ jsv Wpc jvsk rsh bf. sp zÌ
sLfqf rsqdYt kfv iv sKsjƒ hfjD
zÌnmCr Lcsq Wpc swN jvf pfsh. (mcm} 1/157)
Wpc jvfv nmq h]fLfsbf l]fk sJftf hf sJtft jsv l]fskv I]fj sKsj stso Kfjf
JflAfQw shv jvf uv¢vD bq. (I…} 1/283, Im} 1/210)
ˆjƒ ifÛ
rsk
öfmD-²ÃD
…Hsq
ˆj
nfsK zKhf
²ÃD zfso W
öfmD isv zKhf kfv
dhivDkHfsh Wpc-sofnt jvfq sjfb [dk hf hfLf sbƒ. zfïfrv vnCt  kKf
nfrfhfoB ˆv™i zfmt jsvsYb. (hc}, Ikùt hfvD 1/357-358, mc}, dm} 440bQ)
Efàfv jfvsB ovm ifdbsk Wpc-sofnt jvfq sjfb hfLf sbƒ. rpvk …mfv
ˆv™i
jvskb. (hc}, Ihf} 1/357-358)
Wpc-sofnstv ubA idvdmk ifdb hAhrfv jvf jkGhA. zdLj ifdb Jvy jvf
zdkvÓsbv ipGfqHcÙÁ;
zfv kf ShL bq. (zf} zflf}, ƒmf}, dm} 418bQ) mrfbhD  1 mcÜX
(jm-shwD 625 oafm) ifdbsk Wpc
ˆhQ 1 nf' sKsj 5 mcÜX (jm-shwD 2500 sKsj
3125 oafm) ifdbsk sofnt jvskb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 439bQ) nckvfQ p]fvf eAfsËv ifdbsk
Wpc-sofnt jsvb, k]fslvsj nkjG rWqf
…dyk.
Wpcv Ivp zÌ
n©iCBG jfef Kfjst kfv hfjD zÌ
Lcsk hf mfnfr jvsk rq bf. spmb

ˆjde rfk sofef hf jbcƒ ipG§À zKhf ˆjde if sofef hf o]fe ipG§À jfef Kfjst hfjD
ˆjde rfk hf if-ƒ Wpcv ubA Lcsk rsh. (Iƒ} 1/390)
Wpcv swsN ifsÛv zhdwó
ifdb sKsj
ˆj z]futf l]fdVsq ifb jvfv jKf rflDsn
vsqsY. (hc} 5616, ndk} 44-45, nbf} 93bQ)
Wpcv swsN Wpcv ifdb zÌ
sKsj jfiV dlsq mcsY sItf lCNBDq bq. mrfbhD  Wpcv
iv dbsuv ucêfq dbsuv syrfvf mcsYsYb. (nƒmf} 379bQ) WpCv iv ifdb mcYfv ubA k]fv
ˆjde h²ÃJà dYt. (dk}, rf}, nuf} 4830bQ)
Wpcv iv lcƒ vfjzfk bfmfspv hV IpDtk vsqsY. zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªsp
sjfb hAdÙÁ pJbƒ nc¦lvHfsh Wpc jsv ndhbsq ˆjfoakfv nfsK (jfqmsbfhfsjA) lcƒ
vfjzfk bfmfp isV k[Bƒ kfv ubA ufâfk zhLfpG rsq pfq.« (mcndtm 234bQ, zfhc lf†l,
bfnf„, ƒhsb mfufr)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ nc¦lvHfsh Wpc jsv, sjfb Hct bf jsv ( ˆjfoadysÙ)
lcƒ vfjzfk bfmfp isV snƒ hAdÙÁv iCshGjfv nmClq sofbfr mfI rsq pfq.« (zfhc
lf†l, nrDr kfvoDh 221bQ)
Wpcv isv bfmfp iVfv Istƒ bhD  shsrsñ
k]fv zfso zfso rpvk dhtfstv
ucskfv wè wcsbdYstb. (hc}, mc}, nkf} 219bQ)
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22

diaq bhD  iaskAj bfmfspv ubA Wpc jvskb. ksh nfrfhfoB bf HfÌf ipG§À ˆjƒ
Wpcsk jsqj zsÙÁv bfmfp iVskb. (zf}, hc} 214 bQ, zflf}, dk}, bf}, lf}, dm} 425bQ)
zhwA mÄf dhusqv dlb bhD

ˆj Wpcskƒ i]fy WqfsÙÁv bfmfp isVdYstb. (mc}
277, zflf} 172, ƒmf} 510bQ)
nhGlf Wpc zh²¿fq Kfjf
ˆhQ Wpc HfÌst nfsK nfsK Wpc jsv sbWqfv IpDtk hdBGk
rsqsY. mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmvf (iaskAj dhNsq) jkGhAdbô vr; zfv kfsk jJbƒ
n[m rsh bf. susb svsJf, skfmfslv nhGswaô zfmt bfmfp. zfv mcdmb hAkDk sj…ƒ
Wpcv drIfpk jvsh bf.« (ƒhsb mfufr, rfsjm, nrDr kfvoDh 190bQ)
rpvk zfècïfr dhb hcvfƒlfr k]fv dikfv dbje rsk hBGbf jsv hstb, ˆjlf
iaHfkjfst zfïfrv vnCt  rpvk dhtftsj sFsj htstb, ªsr dhtft! dj ˆmb
jfu jsv kcdm ufâfsk zfmfv zfso yst sost? zfdm ok vfsÛ (ösi´) ufâfsk iashw
jvst skfmfv (uckfv) wè zfmfv nfmsb sKsj wcbsk sitfm!« dhtft htstb, `sr
zfïfrv vnCt! zfdm pJbƒ zfpfb dlsqdY kJbƒ lcƒ vfjzfk bfmfp isVdY. zfv
pJbƒ zfdm zidhÛ rsqdY kJbƒ zfdm nfsK nfsK Wpc jsv dbsqdY.' ˆ wcsb zfïfrv
vnCt  htstb, ªˆƒ jfsuv ubAƒ. (ufâfsk zfmfv zfso zfso skfmfv wè
wcbtfm.)« (ƒhsb Jcpfƒmfr, nrDr kfvoDh 194bQ)

svfoDv idhÛkf W Wp-c sofnt

svfoD rstW sofnt Wqfsuh rst sofnt ˆhQ Wpcv lvjfv rst Wpc jvf uv¢vD.
Efàf ifdb hAhrfv jvfq [dkv zfwËf rst svfoD ovm ifdb hAhrfv jvsh. ifdb
hAhrfsv
ˆsjhfsvƒ znmKG rst hf svfo-hxdÝ
zKhf zfsvfoA tfsH dhtsìv zfwËf rst
kfqf©mcm jvsh.
svfoD dbsu Wpc hf kfqf©mcm jvsk bf ifvst zbA sj… jdvsq slsh.
Wpcv sjfb zsÌ
[k KfjstW kf Lcsk rsh. zhwA ifdb tfost Of shsV pfsh ˆmb
zfwËf Kfjst rfk dHdusq kfv
…iv hcdtsq mfnfr jvsh. mfnfr jvfW [dkjfvj
rst
‰
zsÌv idvhskG kfqf©mcm jsv sbsh.
[k²¿fsb ide h]fLf hf i½f±efv jvf Kfjst zbAfbA zÌ
Lcsq idev
…iv mfnfr jvsh.
mfnfr jvst zfv kfqf©mcsmv iasqfub sbƒ.
svfoDv ubAW slr, sthfn W bfmfp iVfv ²¿fsbv nhGij a fv idhÛkf uv¢vD. dj§Â

zidhÛkf lCv jvsk bf ifvst sp zh²¿fq Kfjsh sn zh²¿fskƒ kfv bfmfp wcÝ
rsq pfsh.
sjfb bfmfpsj kfv pKf nmq sKsj didYsq slWqf (spmb Iuvsj spfrsvv nmq
ipG§À dhtì
jvf) svfoDv ubAW ShL bq. pKf n©Hh idhÛkf zuGb jsv zKhf (z[m
rst) bf jsvƒ bfmfspv pKf nmq zdkhfdrk rWqfv iCshGƒ bfmfp zhwAƒ isV sbsh.
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23

bsy{ sofbfrofv rsh. (vfnfƒt dIkX kfrfvfdk znX nftfk, ƒhsb …nfƒmDb 39-41ix})
sjhtmfÛ
mfKf Lcst zncJ rWqfv hf hfVfv Hq rst hfjD slr Lcsq mfKfq mfnfr
jvsh. zhwA ˆv nfsK kfqf©mcmW jvsk rsh. (ƒhsb hfp, Iƒ} 1/214)
nhGlf ianafh Uvst zKhf hfkjmG rst zKhf mdrtfslv nflf nafh Uvst iaskAj
bfmfspv ubA Wpc uv¢vD. (I…} 1/287-291 û})
bfmfspv nmq rst pdl jfisV bfifjD stso Kfsj, ksh bfmfpD kf hlst tÏf²¿fb
Lcsq Wpc jvsh. bfmfspv nmq pfsk bfifjD zbAfbA zsÌ
hf jfisV YdVsq bf isV kfv
ubA wvmofsr dhswN jfiV, tAfÌe hf ide hAhrfv jvsh.
sofnt jvst svfo-hxdÝ
rsh
ˆhQ Wpc jvst [dk rsh bf hcUst kfqf©mcm jsv Wpc
jvsh.

Wpc bó
rWqfv jfvBnmCr

1. siwfh W ifqJfbf äfv rsk djYc (siwfh, ifqJfbf, hDpG, mpD, rfWqf, vÙÁ,
jxdm,
ifKv iaHdx k) shv rst Wpc sHsÌ pfq. (mcm} 1/220)
klbcv™i slsrv zbAfbA zÌ sKsj
(spmb zifsvwb jsv sie sKsj ifƒsiv
mfLAsm) zidhÛ
(dhswN jsv siwfh-ifqJfbf) shv rstW Wpc bó
rsq pfsh. (‰1/221)
2. pfsk sofnt Wqfsuh rq, kfsk WpcW bó
rq.
3. sjfb iajfsv shùw hf ÎfbwCbA rst Wpc bó
rq.
4. ofPHfsh Ocdmsq iVst Wpc HfsÌ.
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªsyfJ rt mtäfsvv
h]fLb. nckvfQ sp Ocdmsq pfq, sn spb Wpc jsv.« (zf}, zflf}, ƒmf}, dm} 316, nuf} 4149bQ)
zhwA rfîf Ocm hf Tct (k¦ûf) ˆst Wpc HfsÌ
bf. nfrfhfsq sjvfm bhD

ˆv pcso

ˆwfv bfmfspv ubA k]fv zsi[f jvsk jvsk k¦ûf¤Yâ rsq Tctskb. zk}iv dkdb
ˆst k]fvf bfmfp iVskb, dj§Â
bkcb jsv zfv Wpc jvskb bf. (mc} 376bQ, zflf} 199-201bQ)
5. siwfh zKhf ifqJfbf-äfv nvfndv
±iwG jvst Wpc bó
rq. (jfisVv
…iv sKsj
rfk dlst bó
rq bf.) (nuf} 6554, 6555bQ) mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA sp
hAdÙÁ
dhbf ilGfq W z§Àvfst dbsuv wvmofr ±iwG jsv, kfv …iv Wpc Wqfsuh rsq
pfq.« (nuf} 362, dnn} 1235 bQ)
rfskv jdçv …isvv zQw äfvf
±iwG rst Wpc HfÌsh bf. (mcm} 1/229)
6. …sev sofñX (jdtuf, Hcd] V) sJst Wpc sHsÌ
pfq.
ˆj hAdÙÁ
mrfbhD  sj duÎfnf
jvt,
`…sev sofñX sJst Wpc jvh dj?' dkdb htstb,
ªrA]f,
…sev sofñX sJst Wpc
jsvf.« (mc} 360bQ)
dkdb hstb, ª…sev sofñX sJst skfmvf Wpc jsvf.« (zf}, zflf}, dk}, ƒmf}, nuf} 3006 bQ)
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24

pfsk Wpc bó
rq bf

1. bfvDslr ±iwG jvst Wpc HfsÌ
bf. jfvB, mrfbhD  vfsÛ
bfmfp iVskb, zfv mf
zfsqwf (vf}) k]fv n©mcsJ if smst wcsq Kfjskb. pJb dkdb dnulfq spskb, kJb
k]fv ifsq ±iwG jsv if ndvsq dbsk htskb. ˆsk dkdb dbsuv if lc'desj Èdesq
dbskb. (hc} 513, mc} 512bQ)
dkdb rpvk zfsqwf (vf})sj ycìb dlskb. kfviv Wpc bf jsv bfmfp iVsk shdvsq
spskb. (zflf} 178-179 bQ, zf} 6/210, dl} 86, bf} 170, ƒmf} 502bQ, lfvf} 1/138, hf} 1/125)
zhwA ±iwG hf ycìsb mpD shv rst kf Lcsq Wpc uv¢vD. (I…}1/285-286)
2. srf-srf jsv rfnst; ˆ iansÌv rflDnde ltDstv spfoA bq. kfƒ rfnst Wpc HfsÌ

bf. (dInc} …lGc 1/50-51, hc}, Ihf} 1/336)
3. hdm jvst; ˆjlf bhD  hdm jvst svfpf sHsÌ
sItstb. kfviv dkdb Wpc
jvstb. (zf} 6/449, dk}) ˆƒ rflDsn k]fv jsmGv iv±iv zh²¿f hdBGk rsqsY. hdm
jvstb hst Wpc sHsÌ
dosqdYt, kfƒ dkdb Wpc jsvdYstb -kf iamfB rq bf. (ƒo}
1/148, mcm} 1/224-225)
4. o]fsev dbsy jfiV Uctfst; o]fsev dbsy jfiV Uctfsbf jfhDvf sofbfr. djqfmsk
zfïfr snƒ hAdÙÁv dlsj kfdjsqW slJshb bf, sp hAdÙÁ
kfv ivsbv jfiV ifsqv
o]fsev dbsy ipG§À Ucdtsq isv. (hc} 5784, mc} 2085bQ) dj§Â ˆv Ist Wpc HfsÌ
bf.
ˆj
hAdÙÁ
‰v™i jfiV Ucdtsq bfmfp iVst mrfbhD  kfsj icbvfq Wpc jsv bfmfp
iVsk ùjcm dlsqdYstb hst sp rflDn zfhC lf†sl hdBGk rsqsY, kf pqDI ˆhQ
ltDstv spfoA bq. (p} zflf} 124, 884bQ)
5. bfj sKsj vÙÁ
iVst;
ˆsk Wpc bó
rq hst rflDn
ƒhsb mfufq hdBGk rsqsY, kf
pqDI. (p} ƒmf} 252, p}uf} 5426bQ)
6. slsrv sjfb zÌ
sjse vÙÁ
iVst, l]fk sKsj vÙÁ
Uvst, kDvdhÝ
rsq vÙÁ
iVst;
pf-kcv dvjf' pcsÝ
bhD

…id²¿k dYstb. snJfsb
ˆj hAdÙÁ
kDvdhÝ
rsq vÙÁfÙÁ

rstW sn v¢jc dnulf jsv bfmfp n©iâ jsvdYt. rfnfb hfnvD (v}) hstb, mcndtmvf ˆ
pfh{ kfslv vÙÁfÙÁ
[k dbsqƒ bfmfp isV zfnsY. rpvk ƒhsb …mfv
ˆjde
Icnjcdv sost dlst kf sKsj vÙÁ
shv rt. dj§Â
dkdb Wpc jvstb bf.
ƒhsb zfhD
zfWIf vÙÁmfJf KcKc sItstb. zk}iv dkdb k]fv bfmfp n©iâ jvstb. ƒhsb …mfv
W rfnfb hstb, sj… wxÌ
tfdosq hl-vÙÁ
shv jvst sjht
‰
ufqofef Lcsq sbsh.
ˆ

YfVf Wpc-sofnt sbƒ. (hc} Ihf} 1/336)
iCshGfÙÁ
kDvdhÝ
stfjde dYt
ˆjub zfbnfvD. kfv nÌD
ˆj mcrfsuvD kfv vÙÁfÙÁ

zh²¿f slsJ htt, `nchrfbfïfr! (dkb dkbse kDv smsvsY?!) iaKm kDv mfvst kcdm
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25

zfmfsj ufdosq lfWdb sjb?' zfbnfvD htt, `zfdm ˆmb ˆjde nCvf ifE jvdYtfm,
pf n©iCBG bf jsv sYsV dlsk iY¦l jdvdb!' (zflf} 198bQ)
7. mclfG sofnt dlst; mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
mclfG sj sofnt slsh, sn spb dbsu
sofnt jsv sbq. zfv sp hAdÙÁ
ufbfpf hrb jvsh, sn spb Wpc jsv sbq.« (zflf}, dk},
zf} 2/280 iaHdx k) dj§Â
ˆƒ dbslGwde mc²Àfrfh. zKGf{ bf jvstW yst. ksh jvf …Ùm.
jfvB, sofntlfkfv slsr bfifjD stso pfWqfv ns¦lr Kfsj kfƒ. kfƒ skf zbA ˆj
hBGbfq zfsY; dkdb hstb, ªmclfG sj sofnt dlst skfmfslv ubA sofnt jvf uv¢vD bq.
jfvB skfmfslv mclfG skf zfv bfifj bq. zkˆh skfmfslv rfk Lcsq sbWqfƒ psKó.«
(rf} 1/386, hf} 3/398)
rpvk …mfv
hstb, `zfmvf mfƒsqAksj sofnt dlkfm. kfsk zfmfslv msLA
sj… sj… sofnt jsv dbk. zfhfv zsbsj jvk bf.' (lfvf} 191bQ)
zhwA mfƒsqAksj sofnt slWqfv nmq kfv wvmofsr rfk stso Kfjst Wpc zhwAƒ
bó
rsh. zfv ufbfpf hrb jvfsk Wpc bó
rq bf. (mh} 26/96)
8. mxkslsrv sifómseGm jvfskW Wpc HfsÌ
bf.
(‰
27/40)
9. Wpc jsv mfsqvf pdl kfslv dwwcv siwfh hf ifqJfbf nfI jsv, ksh kf rfsk
tfostW Wpc HfsÌ
bf. zhwA ifqJfbfäfv hf siwfhäfv sLfqfv nmq sjfb
äfsv rfk
tfost Wpc bó
rsq pfq.
(‰
22/62)
10. sjfbW bfifj h²Â (mfbcN hf iwcv siwfh, ifqJfbf, vÙÁ
iaHdx k)sk rfk hf if
dlst Wpc HfsÌ
bf.
(‰
35/96)
11. Wpc jvfv iv LCmifb jvst Wpc bó
rq bf. ksh LCmifb jvf zhwAƒ rfvfm. (‰
18/92-93)
12. sjftb, sjfrt hf d±idve-dmdwak zfkv hf sn¦eX hAhrfv jvst Wpcv sjfb [dk
rq bf. ksh kf hAhrfv ShL bq. (Iƒ} 1/203)
13. yct, bJ ƒkAfdl nfI jvst Wpc HfsÌ
bf. (I…} 1/292, hc} 1/336) klbcv™i zw½Dt
jKf htst, r]fecv …iv jfiV …sE ˆst, mdrtfv mfKf sJftf sost, jf…sj hf dbsusj
…tÌ
slJst Wpc bó
rq bf.
lcL ifb jvst bfmfspv iCshG jcdï jvf mc²Àfrfh. (hc} 211, mc} 358bQ)

sp sp jfsuv ubA Wpc uv¢vD hf m²

c fÀ rfh
bfmfp iVfv ubA, jcvzfb mfuDl (mcnrfI) ±iwG jvf hf rfsk sbWqfv ubA ˆhQ
jf'hf wvDsIv kWqfI jvfv ubA Wpc jvf uv¢vD.
ˆ YfVf jcvzfb sktfzk, zfïfrv dpjXv, sktfzk W wcjXsvv dnulf, zfpfb, nfIf-
mfvWqfv nf„, dhdHâ sJfkhf ifE ƒkAfdlv nmq Wpc jvf mc²Àfrfh.
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26

smfufv …iv mfnfr

yfmVf hf jfisVv (ncdk hf bfƒtsbv) smfufv …iv mfnfr hù nQJAj rflDn äfvf
iamfdBk. nfrfhD ufvDv (vf}) (dpdb Wpcv zfqfk zhkDBG rWqfv iv ƒntfm oarB
jsvb dkdb) hstb, `zfdm slsJdY, zfïfrv vnCt  siwfh jvfv iv Wpc jvstb ˆhQ
dbsuv (yfmVfv) smfufv …iv mfnfr jvstb.' (mc} 272bQ)
mcoDvfr dhb swf'hfr
jkGj x hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt  Wpcv iv
(ncdkv) smfuf W ucskfv …iv mfnfr jsvsYb. (zflf} 159, ƒmf}, dk}, zf}, dm} 523bQ)

ˆƒ mfnfrv wkfG htD

ˆƒ mfnfrv ubA 4de wkG vsqsY;
1- if Lcsq iCBvG ™si Wpc jvfv iv smfuf ivsk rsh. iCshG Wpc bf jsv smfuf isv,
kfviv kfv …iv mfnfr ytsh bf.
nfrfhD mcoDvfr
hstb, zfdm bhD  ˆv nsÌ
ˆj nIsv dYtfm. dkdb Wpc
jvdYstb. zfdm k]fv smfuf lc'de Jcst dbsk U]cjtfm. dkdb htstb,
ªYfsVf, zfdm W
lc'desj Wpc zh²¿fq isvdY.« (hc} 206, mc} 274bQ)
2- smfuf lc'de spb idhÛ
rq. zKGf{, kfsk spb sjfb iajfsvv bfifjD stso bf Kfsj.
3- ˆƒ mfnfr spb snƒ idhÛkf zuGsbv nmq rq, pfv ubA sjht Wpc uv¢vD rq.
jfvB, pfv ubA sofnt uv¢vD rq, snƒ idhÛkf zuGsbv nmq smfuf Jcst dlsq if
sLfWqf uv¢vD. (dk}, bf}, zf}, ƒJc}, dm} 520bQ)
4- mfnfr spb dbLGfdvk nmsqv msLA rq. (IfkfWqf dIt mfndr zftft JcIXIfƒb, ƒhsb …nfƒmDb 3bQ)

mfnfrv nmqjft
rpvk zftD
jkGj x hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt  mcnfdIsvv ubA 3 dlb
ˆhQ oxrhfnDv ubA 1 dlb smfufv …iv mfnfrv nmq-nDmf dbLGfdvk jsvsYb. (mc} 276)
ˆƒ dbdlGó
nmq wcv¢ rsh, Wpc jsv smfuf isv ‰ Wpc HfÌst kfv isvv Wpc jvfv
nmq kfv
…iv mfnfr jvfv iv sKsj. zkˆh iaKm mfnfr sKsj 24 O¦ef oxrhfnDv
ubA ˆhQ 72 O¦ef mcnfdIsvv ubA mfnfr jvf ShL rsh. nckvfQ pdl sj… mÌthfsvv
Iusvv bfmfspv ubA Wpc jvfv nmq smfuf isv, kfviv
‰
Wpcsk yfv zÙÁ
bfmfp
isV pdl kfv Wpc
ˆwfv iv HfsÌ
ˆhQ hcLhfv Iusvv iCshG Wpc jvfv nmq mfnfr jsv,
kfrst sn oxrhfnD rst iv dlb hxr±idkhfsvv Iuv ipG§À Wpc jvfv nmq smfufv
…iv mfnfr jvsk ifsv. zbcv™i mcnfdIv rst wdbhfv Iuv ipG§À mfnfr jvsk
ifvsh. (IfJc}, ƒhsb …nfƒmDb 8-9ix}, mh} 1/236)
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27

ˆƒ mfnfrv dbqm
lc'de rfksj dHdusq Ffb rfskv zfÌctÈdtsj Ffb ifsqv zfÌcstv
…iv sKsj wcv¢
jsv ifsqv ifkfv …iv dlsj hcdtsq dbsq dosq ifsqv vtfv wcv¢ ipG§À mfnfr jvsk
rsh. zfv ‰ ˆjƒ nfsK ˆjƒ dbqsm hfm rfskv zfÌct dlsq hfm ifsqv ifkfv
…iv
mfnfr jvsh.
…Hq jfsbv mfnfr spmb
ˆjƒ nsÌ
rq, dEj skmdbƒ …Hq ifsqv
mfnfr ˆjƒ nsÌ
rsh. lcƒ rfk ucsV iaKsm Ffb if, kfviv hfm if ixKj jsv mfnfr
jvf dEj bq. (IfJc} 13bQ)
ifsqv skstfsk Lcstf-hfdt KfjstW kfv dbsy mfnfr jvf dhsLq bq. rpvk zftD

hstb, `äDsb pdl vfq W dhshsjv
²¿fb Kfjk, kfrst smfufv
…isvv zQw zsi[f
dbsyv zQwƒ zdLj mfnfrspfoA rk. dj§Â
zfdm zfïfrv vnCt  sj k]fv smfufv
…isvv zQsw mfnfr jvsk slsJdY.' (zflf}, lf}, zf}, dm} 525bQ)

mfnfr bó
rq djsn?

1- mfnfrv dbdlGó
nmq-nDmf zdkhfdrk rsq sost.
2- sofnt Ivp rst.
3- (mfnfr jvfv iv) smfuf Jcst sItst.

ˆƒ mfnfrv zfbN
c dÌj mfnfsqt
wDk-oaD°m sp sjfb nmsq smfuf isv Kfjst kfv …iv mfnfr ShL. smfuf ivf wDskv
ubAƒ rsk rsh, ˆmb sjfb wkG sbƒ. (Iƒ} 1/235)
ˆsjhfsv ifktf (pfsk if slJf pfq ˆmb) smfuf rst kfsk mfnfr ytsh bf. (‰
1/234)
…Ùm W nkjGkfmCtj zfmt
ˆƒ sp, …Hq if sLfqf swN rst kshƒ smfuf ivf rsh.
bsy{ Ffb if Lcsq smfuf isv dbsq kfviv hfm if sLfqf W smfuf ivf …Ùm bq. (‰

1/233-234)
smfuf ivfv nmq `ˆv …iv mfnfr jvh' hf `ˆkdlb mfnfr jvh' ˆmb sjfb dbqk
wkG hf uv¢vD bq. (IfJc} 6bQ)
Wpc jvfv ivƒ smfuf ivst kfv …iv mfnfr jvf pfq. kfqf©mcm jvfv iv smfuf
ivst (icbvfq ifdb sist W Wpc jvst snƒ nmq) mfnfr jvf pfq bf. i[f§Àsv ifdb
bf sist ˆhQ Wpc bf jvst pkdlb kfqf©mcm jvsh kkdlb ifsq smfuf Kfjsh. ˆ
nmq smfufv …iv mfnfr jvf hf smfuf Jcst sItf uv¢vD bq. spsrkc kfqf©mcsmv nfsK
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28

ifsqv sjfb n©ijG sbƒ. (IfJc} 5bQ)

sp nIsv bfmfspv jnv ShL, snƒ nIsv 3 dlb 3 vfk mfnfr ShL. (‰ 7bQ) Osv sKsj
mfnfr wcv¢ jvfv iv nIv jvst mcnfdIsvv mk 72 O¦efƒ mfnfr jvsk ifvf pfsh.
zbcv™i nIsv mfnfr wcv¢ jsv Osv dIsv ˆst oxrhfnDv mk sjht 24 O¦efƒ mfnfr
jvf pfsh. (‰ 8bQ)
mfnfrv dbLGfdvk nmqjft swN rsq pfWqfv iv mfnfr jsv bfmfp iVst bfmfp rq
bf. (‰ 10bQ)
Wpc jvfv iv smfuf isv Wpc bf HfÌfv iCshGƒ pdl Jcst icbvfq isv sbWqf rq,
kfrst kfskW mfnfr jvf ytsh. dj§Â
ˆjhfv mfnfr jvfv iv smfuf Jcst sItst
kfviv icbvfq (Wpc KfjstW) ivfv iv zfv mfnfr ytsh bf. jfvB, sp Wpcsk if
sLfWqf rq sjht snƒ Wpcv ivƒ smfuf ivst kfv …iv mfnfr jvf pfsh. (‰ 11bQ)
smfufv …iv mfnfr jvfv iv ucskf ivst hf Fht smfuf ivst zKhf Fht smfuf
hf ucskfv …iv mfnfr jvfv iv ˆjde smfuf hf ucskf Jcst sItst …Hq zh²¿fskƒ
mfnfr ShL. ksh mfnfrv nmqjft Lvsk rsh iaKm zh²¿f sKsj.
(‰
12bQ)
mdrtfvfW icv¢Nslv mkƒ mfnfr jvsh. (‰ 16bQ)
smfuf bfdmsq if yctjfst hf ifKv zfdl shv jvst pdl zdLjfQw if shv rsq pfq,
kfrst kfv …iv zfv mfnfr ShL rsh bf. smfufv ktfq rfk Hvst hf nfmfbA if shv
rsq sost mfnfrsk sjfb iaHfh iVsh bf. (‰ 17bQ)
smfufv …iv mfnfr jvfv iv smfuf Jcst sItst ‰ Wpc bó
rsq pfq bf. ksh icbvfq
(if bf Lcsq Wpc jsv) smfuf ivst kfv
…iv mfnfr yst bf.
(‰
19bQ)
Wpcv msLA pkef if sLfqf Ivp smfufsk kkef if-ƒ Tfjsk rsh; bsy{ mfnfr rsh
bf -ˆ jKfv sjfb ltDt sbƒ. zkˆh Ifef, jfef W sY]Vf smfufv …isvW mfnfr
ytsh. (‰ 4bQ) ksh pdl zdLjfQw if shdvsq Kfsj, kfrst sn jKf dHâ.
Wpc bf jsv smfuf isv kfsk mfnfr jsv Wpc jvst bfmfp rq bf. spmb [k²¿fsb
mfnfr Hcst dosq Wpc
jsv bfmfp iVstW bfmfp rq bf. (Iƒ} 1/232, mh} 5/298)

kfqf©mcm
kfqf©mcsmv dbslGw sJfl zfïfr kfzftf dlsqsYb. dkdb hstb,

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zKGf{, pdl skfmvf znc²¿
rW zKhf nIsv Kfj, djQhf skfmfslv msLA sj… ifqJfbf
jsv zfsn zKhf skfmvf ²ÃD-nÌm jv, zk}iv ifdb bf ifW, kfrst ifj mfde äfvf
kfqf©mcm jsv bfW; skfmfslv mcJmàt W rfksj mfde äfvf mfnfr jv---. (jc} 5/6)
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29

nvt W nru äDsbv bhD  hstb,
ªnjt mfbcN
(…©mskv)
…iv zfmfslvsj 3de

dhNsqv mfLAsm swaôk¶ lfb jvf rsqsY; zfmfslv jfkfvsj jvf rsqsY dIdvñfhsoGv
jfkfsvv mk, nfvf ixdKhDsj zfmfslv ubA mndul jsv slWqf rsqsY
ˆhQ ifdb bf
ifWqf sost mfdesj zfmfslv ubA idhÛkf zuGsbv
…ijvB jvf rsqsY. (mc}, dm}
526bQ)

sjfbX sjfbX zh²f¿ q kfqf©mcm ShL?

1. ˆsjhfsvƒ ifdb bf ifWqf sost zKhf ifb jvfv mk Kfjst ˆhQ Wpc-sofnstv
ubA psKó
ifdb bf ifWqf sost.
rpvk ƒmvfb dhb ùnfƒb
hstb, zfmvf bhD  ˆv nsÌ
ˆj nIsv dYtfm.
ˆj
nmq dkdb stfsjslv dbsq bfmfp iVstb. pJb dkdb bfmfp swN jvstb, kJb
slJstb
ˆjde stfj
ˆjec nsv ixKj l]fdVsq zfsY. sn ufmfzfsk bfmfpW isVdb.
dkdb kfsj htstb,
ªdj jfvsB kcdm
ufmfzfsk bfmfp iVst bf?«
stfjde htt,
`zfdm bfifsj zfdY, zfv ifdbW sbƒ.' dkdb htstb, ªifj mfde hAhrfv jv. skfmfv
ubA kfƒ psKó.« (hc}, mc} dm} 527bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªlw hYv pfh{ ifdb bf ifWqf sost mcndtsmv Wpcv …ijvB rt
ifj mfde. ifdb ifWqf sost sofnt jsv sbWqf …dyk. zfv ˆef zhwAƒ …Ùm.«
(zflf}, dk}, bf}, ƒmf}, zf}, dm} 530bQ)
zhwA zfsw-ifsw hf nÌDslv jfsvf
dbje ifdb zfsY dj bf, kf zhwAƒ slsJ dbsk
rsh. pJb ˆjf§À ifdb ifWqfv sjfb zfwfƒ Kfjsh bf, kJb kfqf©mcm jsv bfmfp
iVsk rsh.
2. znc²¿
Kfjst zKhf slsr sjfb iajfv [k hf Of Kfjst
ˆhQ ifdb hAhrfsv kf
shsV pfWqf hf nc²
¿ rsk dhtì
rWqfv zfwËf rst.
rpvk ufshv
hstb, ˆjlf zfmvf sjfb nIsv shv rtfm. zfmfslv msLA ˆj
hAdÙÁv mfKfq ifKsvv zfOfk stso [k rsqdYt.
ˆviv kfv
öi´slfNW rt. sn
nÌDslvsj duÎfnf jvt, `zfmfv ubA dj kfqf©mcm ShL msb jv?' njst htt, `kcdm
ifdb hAhrfv jvsk z[m bW. zkˆh skfmfv ubA zfmvf kfqf©mcm ShL msb jdv
bf.' kf wcsb stfjde sofnt jvt ˆhQ ˆv iadkdÛÁqfq sn mfvf sot. zk}iv zfmvf
pJb bhD -ˆv dbje dIsv ˆtfm kJb k]fsj snƒ stfjefv Oebf Jcst httfm. kf
wcsb dkdb htstb, ªWvf Wsj smsv sItt, zfïfr Wslvsj L¶Qn jv¢j! pdl Wvf
ufbk bf, ksh susb sjb sbqdb? zÎkfv WNcL skf iaw´ƒ.« (n}zflf} 325, ƒmf}, lfvf}, dm} 531bQ)
3. ifdb zdkdvÙÁ
Efàf rst ˆhQ kfsk Wpc-sofnt jvfsk zncJ rsh hst lxP
zfwËf rst, iv§Â
ifdb ovm jvfv ncspfo hf hAh²¿f bf Kfjst kfqf©mcm ShL.
rpvk zfmXv dhb zfn
hstb, pfkcn nftfdnt pcÝ
JnIsv
ˆj wDskv vfsk
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30

zfmfv
öi´slfN rt. zfmfv Hq rt sp, pdl sofnt jdv kfrst zfdm L¶Qn rsq pfh.
kfƒ zfdm kfqf©mcm jsv nÌDslvsj dbsq
(ƒmfm rsq) Iusvv bfmfp iVtfm. zfmfv
nÌDvf
ˆjKf bhD -ˆv dbjse
…sïJ jvst dkdb htstb, ªsr zfmXv! kcdm bfifj
zh²¿fq skfmfv nÌDslv
ƒmfmdk jsvY?« zfdm sofnt bf jvfv jfvB k]fsj httfm.
zfsvf httfm sp, zfïfr kfzftfv ˆ hfBDW zfdm wcsbdY, dkdb hstb, ªskfmvf
zfk¹rkAf jsvf bf. dbÇyq zfïfr skfmfslv iadk hV lqfwDt.« (jc} 4/29)
ˆjKf wcsb dkdb rfnstb ˆhQ zfv djYcƒ htstb bf. (hc}, n}zflf} 323bQ, zf}, rf}, lfvf}, ƒdr})
4. ifdb hAhrfsv [dk bf rst ˆhQ ifdb dbjehkGD sjfb ufqofq KfjstW kf
zfbsk ufb, mft hf ƒÏkrfdbv zfwËf rst, ifdb hAhrfv jvsk dosq nIsvv
nÌDslv nÌ-YfVf rWqfv Hq rst, h¦lD zh²¿fq Kfjst zKhf (j]csqf
ƒkAfdl sKsj)
ifdb skftfv sjfb hAh²¿f bf Kfjst kfqf©mcm jvf ShL. jfvB …ÙÁ
zh²¿fÈstf ifdb bf
ifWqfv mkƒ zh²¿f.
5. ifdb jfsY KfjstW kf Wpcv ubA hAhrfv jvst ifb jvf, vfâf jvf ƒkAfdl rsh
bf zfwËf
rstW kfqf©mcm ShL. (mcobD, dInc} …lGc 1/61-62)

djsn kfqf©mm
c rsh?
idhÛ
mfde
ˆhQ kfv swaBDHcÙÁ
njt h²Â
(spmb, ifKv, hfdt, j]fjv, dnsm¦e iaHdx k)
äfvf kfqf©mcm wcÝ.
LctfpcÙÁ
mfde bf ifWqf sost LctfrDb ifKv hf hfdtsk kfqf©mcm
ShL rsh. (Iƒ} 1/218)

kfqf©mcm jvfv iÝdk

wcÝkm rflDn zbcnfsv kfqf©mcm jvfv iÝdk dbm´v™i}-
(dbqk jvfv iv `dhndmïfr' hst) lcƒ rfskv sysef mfdev …iv mfvsk rsh. kfviv
kcst dbsq kfv …iv I]j c dlsq zdkdvÙÁ
Lcstfhfdt
…dVsq dlsq
…Hq rfk
äfvf
mcJmàt mfnfr jvsk rsh. ˆviv hfm rfk äfvf Ffb rfk jdç ipG§À ˆhQ swsN Ffb
rfk äfvf hfm rfk jdç ipG§À mfnfr jvsk rsh. (hc}, mc}, dm} 528bQ)

kfqf©mcm djsn bó
rq?

sp sp jfvsB Wpc bó
rq, dEj snƒ snƒ jfvsB kfqf©mcmW bó
rsq pfq. jfvB
kfqf©mcm rt Wpcv dhj¬i. ˆ YfVf sp zncdhLfv jfvsB kfqf©mcm jvf rsqdYt, snƒ
zncdhLf lCv rsq sostƒ kfqf©mcm bó
rsq pfq. spmb ifdb bf ifWqfv jfvsB kfqf©mcm
jvst ifdb ifWqfv nfsK nfsK kfqf©mcm swN rsq pfq. zncsJv jfvsB jvst, zncJ
lCv rsq pfWqfv iv ivƒ zfv kfqf©mcm Kfsj bf. (dInc} …lGc 1/63)
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31

kfqf©mcsmv zfbN
c dÌj mfnfsqt
sJ]fufv iv ifdb bf ifWqf sost zfWqft zsÙÁƒ kfqf©mcm jsv bfmfp iVf …dyk.
swN zÙÁ
ipG§À ifdbv zsi[f jvf hf ifdb sJ]fuf uv¢vD bq. zfWqft zsÙÁ
bfmfp
isV swN zsÙÁ
ifdb ifWqf sostW bfmfp icbvfq iVsk rsh bf. (dn}n} 6/265-268)
ifdb sJ]fufJ]dc u bf jsvƒ kfqf©mcm jsv bfmfp iVst ˆhQ ifdb kfv zfsw-ifsw
mucl Kfjst bfmfp hfdkt oBA rsh. (Iƒ} 1/220)
rpvk zfhC nf„l JclvD
hstb, lcƒ hAdÙÁ
nIsv shv rt. bfmfspv nmq rst
kfslv dbje ifdb bf Kfjfv jfvsB kfqf©mcm jsv …Hsqƒ bfmfp isV dbt. zk}iv
WqfÙÁ
swN rWqfv iCshGƒ kfvf ifdb sisq sot. Wslv msLA ˆjub ifdb äfvf Wpc jsv
icbvfq
‰
bfmfp dIdvsq iVt. dj§Â
ziv ub iVt bf. kfviv kfvf zfïfrv vnCt
 ˆv dbje ˆst Oebf Jcst htt. dkdb sp bfmfp dIdvsq isVdb kfv …sÜswA
htstb,
ªskfmfv zfmt ncâfrv zbcnfvD rsqsY ˆhQ skfmfv bfmfpW psKó
(wcÝ)
rsq
sosY.«
zfv sp Wpc jsv bfmfp dIdvsq isVdYt, kfv
…sÜswA dkdb htstb,
ªskfmfv
ubA Fht nWqfh.« (zflf}, bf}, lf}, dm} 533bQ)
iajfw sp, ncâfr ufbfv iv Fht jsv bfmfp ShL bq. (mcm} 1/344)
i[f§Àsv sp hAdÙÁ
bfmfp iVf zh²¿fq ifdb sisq pfq, kfsj bfmfp sYsV dlsq Wpc
jsv icbvfq bfmfp iVsk rsh. (dInc} …lGc 1/63, mcm} 1/343)
Wpc W sofnstv iv sp jfu jvf ShL, kfqf©mcsmv ivW snƒ jfu jvf ShL rq.
spsrkc kfqf©mcm Wpc-sofnstv idvhkG. (‰)
ifdb hf mfde djYc bf ifWqf sost dhbf Wpc W kfqf©mcsmƒ bfmfp iVsk rsh. (hc}
336bQ)
Osv KfjstW sJ]fufJ]dc uv iv ifdb bf ifWqf sost ˆhQ bfmfspv nmq zdkhfdrk
rWqfv zfwËf rst kfqf©mcm jsv bfmfp iVsk rsh. (hc}, Ihf} 1/525-526)
i[f§Àsv ifdb mucl Kfjst bfmfspv WqfÙÁX
yst pfWqfv zfwËf rstW Wpc-sofnt
jsv bfmfp iVsk rsh.
‰
nmq kfqf©mcm jsv bfmfp rsh bf. (‰ 1/212)
ˆjƒ kfqf©mcsm jsqj zsÙÁv bfmfp iVf dnÝ. (mcm} 1/340) dnÝ
bf rWqfv hAfifsv
zfnfvÈstf wcÝ
bq.

dmnWqfj (lf] kb) jvfv Èv¢k¶

diaq bhD  hstb, ªzfdm …©mskv ubA jójv bf ufbst
ˆwfv bfmfpsj slvD jsv
iVsk
ˆhQ iaskAj bfmfspv nmq l]fkb jvsk zfslw dlkfm.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 376bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªzfdm zfmfv …©mskv is[ jójv bf ufbst (iaskAj) Wpcv
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32

nfsK l]fkb jvf Ivp jvkfm
ˆhQ
ˆwfv bfmfp zsLGj vfk ipG§À slvD jsv iVkfm.«
(rf}, hf}, n}uf} 5319 bQ)
kfƒ nfrfhD pfsql dhb Jfstl ucrfbD
mndusl bfmfp iVsk rfduv rskb, zfv
k]fv l]fkbsj jtsmv mk k]fv jfsb È]su vfJskb. bfmfsp l]fVfhfv nmq dkdb l]fkb
jsv icbvfq jfsb È]su dbskb. (zflf}, dk}, dm} 390 bQ)
mcndtsmv iajdx kok jmGnmCsrv ˆjde rt, dmnWqfj jsv mcJ nfI jvf. (mc}, dm}
379bQ)
dhswN jsv ucmzfv dlb sofnt W l]fkb jvf ˆhQ zfkv hAhrfv jvf jkGhA. (zf},
hc}, mc}, zflf}, n}uf} 4178 bQ)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªduhvDt (zf}) zfmfsj (ˆk shwD) l]fkb jvsk zfslw
jsvsYb, pfsk zfdm zfmfv l]fk Usv pfWqfv zfwËf jvdY.« (dnn} 1556 bQ) zbA ˆj
hBGbfq dkdb hstb, ª---ˆsk zfmfv Hq rq sp, l]fkb jvf zfmfv …iv Ivp jsv
slWqf rsh.« (n}uf} 1376 bQ)
hfdVsk iashw jvf mfÛ
dkdb iaKm sp jfu jvskb, kf rt l]fkb. (mc}, dm} 377bQ)
kfrfÏcl iVsk
…Estƒ dkdb l]fkb jsv l]fk mfuskb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 378bQ) zfhfv
vfsÛv zbAfbA nmsqW pJb suso
…Eskb, kJb dmnWqfj jvskb. (n}uf} 4853 bQ)
zfv ˆƒ ubAƒ vfsÛ
swfhfv nmq dwKfsb l]fkb svsJ dbskb. (‰ 4872 bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªl]fkb jvfq vsqsY mcsJv idhÛkf
ˆhQ iadkiftj zfïfrv n§Âdó.
(zf}, lf}, bf}, ƒJc}, ƒdr}, hc} (dhbf nbsl), dm} 381bQ)
ˆjlf rpvk zftD
l]fkb zfbsk zfslw jsv htstb, zfïfrv vnCt 
hstsYb, ªhf¦lf pJb bfmfp iVsk l×fqmfb rq kJb dIdvwXkf kfv diYsb l×fqmfb
rsq kfv dj¶vfzfk wcbsk Kfsjb. dIdvwXkf kfv dbjehkDG rb; (zKhf hBGbfjfvD
zbcv™i djYc htstb.) idvswsN dkdb dbu mcJ kfv (hf¦lfv) mcsJ dmdtsq slb! Ist
kfv mcJ rsk jcvzfsbv specjcƒ zQw shv rq snecjc zQwƒ dIdvwXkfv sise iashw
jsv pfq. nckvfQ jcvzfsbv ubA skfmvf skfmfslv mcJsj idhÛ jv.« (hfpXpfv, nkf}210bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªdmnWqfj jsv skfmvf skfmfslv mcJsj idhÛ
jv. jfvB, mcJ rt
jcvzfsbv iK.« (hfp}, dnn} 1213 bQ)
rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `bhD  dmnWqfj jsv zfmfsj kf Lcsk dlskb. dj§Â

sLfqfv zfso zfdm dmnWqfj jsv dbkfm. kfviv kf Lcsq k]fsj dlkfm.' (zflf}, dm} 384bQ)
k]fv dbje dmnWqfsjv ˆk Èv¢k¶ dYt sp, dksvfLfsbv iChG mcrCskGW dkdb rpvk
zfsqwfv l]fsk dydhsq bvm jsv dbsu l]fkb jsvsYb. (hc}, dm} 5959 bQ)
dkdb zfvfj (diïc) ofsYv (Fft hf dwjsVv) l]fkb jvskb. (zf}, ƒo} 1/104)
zfÌct
äfvf l]fk mfuf pfq. ksh
ˆef ncâk dj bf hf ˆskW ‰ nWqfh zuGb rsh dj
bf, sn hAfifsv sjfb nrDr rflDn dmst bf. rfsIp ƒhsb rfufv (v}) kftJDsn (1/70)
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33

ˆ n©isjG jsqjde rflDn …sïJ jvfv iv hstb, `ˆÈdtv sysq mcnbfsl zfrmfsl
zftD
sKsj hdBGk rflDnde zdLjkv nrDr.' dj§Â
sn rflDndevW nbl pqDI.
(mcnbfsl zfrmfl, kfrj¶Dj¶ zfrmfl wfsjv 1355 bQ)

bfmfpDv sthfn
zfïfr kfzftf hstb,
ªsr mfbh ufdk! skfmfslv tÏf²¿fb Tfjfv W shwHCNfv ubA zfdm skfmfslvsj
sthfn dlsqdY. iv§Â
`kfjWqf'v sthfnƒ nshGf{jxó. (jc} 7/26)
ªsr zflm n§ÀfboB! iaskAj bfmfspv nmq skfmvf nc¦lv idv¤Yl idvLfb jv.
ifbfrfv jv, dj§Â
ziyq jsvf bf. dkdb zihAqDslv iY¦l jsvb bf.« (jc} 7/31)
wvDqskv nHA-lxdósk nfLfvBHfsh sthfsnv jkjÈdt wkG W zflh vsqsY; pf
iftb jvsk mcndtm hfLA.
mdrtfslv sthfsnv wkGfhtD dbm´v™i}-
1. sthfn spb slsrv nhGfÌsj sTsj vfsJ. slsrv sjfb zÌ
hf snZ¦lpG spb sjfb
shofbf (pfv nfsK sjfbW nmsq dhhfr ShL ˆmb) icv¢sNv nfmsb iajfw bf ifq. sjb bf
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsmsq mfbcsNv nhefƒ tÏf²¿fb (sofibDq). zfv sn pJb shv rq,
kJb wqkfb kfsj icv¢sNv lxdósk idvswfdHkf jsv skfst.« (dk}, dm} 3109 bQ)
mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªsr bhD! kcdm skfmfv ik´DoBsj, jbAfoBsj ˆhQ mcdmbslv
²ÃDoBsj hst lfW, kfvf spb kfslv yflsvv djqlQw dbsuslv (syrfvfv)
…iv sesb
sbq---.« (jc} 33/59)
rpvk …s©m nftfmfr (vf}) hstb, `…ÙÁ
zfqfk zhkDBG rst (mlDbfv) zfbnfvslv
mdrtfvf pJb shv rt, kJb kfslv mfKfq (jfstf) yflv (hf smfef
…Vbf) slsJ msb
rd¤Yt spb Wslv mfKfq jfstf jfsjv U]fj hsn zfsY!' (zflf} 4101 bQ)
zfïfr kfzftfv zfslw, mcdmb smsqvf spb kfslv OfV W hcjsj mfKfv jfiV äfvf
sTsj sbq---. (jc} 24/31)
rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `iCshGv mcrfduv mdrtfslv iadk zfïfr vrm jsvb. …ÙÁ

zfqfk zhkDBG rst kfvf kfslv idvsLq jfiVnmCsrv msLA nhsysq smfef jfiVdesj
sIsV mfKfv
…Vbf hfdbsq mfKf (OfV-otf-hcj) sTsjdYt.' (zflf} 4102)
nfrfhfslv mdrtfoB pJb isK ytskb, kJb k]fslv dbm´fsÌv jfisVv swN iaf§À
mfdev …iv sY]yXsV spk. bfifj ufqofsk ytfv nmsqW kfslv sj…ƒ ifsqv ifkf shv
jvskb bf. (dm} 504, 512, 4335 bQ)
nckvfQ mfKf W ifsqv mLAhkDG sjfb zÌ
sp iajfw jvfƒ pfsh bf, kf zbcsmq.
2. sp sthfn mdrtf idvLfb jvsh snefƒ spb (shofbf icv¢sNv nfmsb) snZ¦lpGmq W
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34

lxdó-zfjNGD bf rq. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªnfLfvBk} pf iajfw rsq Kfsj kf
YfVf kfvf spb kfslv zbAfbA snZ¦lpG iajfw bf jsv.« (jc} 24/31)
3. sthfn spb ˆmb ifktf bf rq, pfsk jfisVv …iv sKsjW dHksvv yfmVf busv
zfsn. bsy{ Tfjf KfjstW sJftfv ipGfqHcÙÁ. ˆ
hAfifsv
ˆj rflDsn zfïfrv vnCt 
rpvk zfnmf (vf})sj nkjG jsvdYstb. (zflf}, dm} 4372 bQ)
ˆjlf rfInf dhs§À zfècv vrmfb ifktf WVbf isv rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) ˆv dbje
sost dkdb kfv …Vbfsj dY]sV sIst dlstb ˆhQ kfsj ˆjde smfef WVbf ivsk
dlstb. (mf}, dm} 4375 bQ)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªlcƒ swaBDv mfbcN slfpJhfnD; pfslvsj zfdm (ˆJsbf) sldJdb. ---
(ˆslv msLA däkDq swaBDv mfbcN snƒ) mdrtflt, pfvf jfiV isvW …tÌ
Kfjsh, ziv
icv¢Nsj dbsuv dlsj zfjxó
jvsh
ˆhQ dbsuW kfv dlsj zfjxó
rsh, pfslv mfKf
(ycstv sJ]fif) drst Kfjf
…sev j]csuv mk rsh. kfvf shsrsñ
iashw jvsh bf. zfv
kfv ncoáW ifsh bf; zKy kfv ncoá
ˆk
ˆk lCvhkGD
²¿fb sKsjW ifWqf pfsh.« (zf},
mc}, n}uf} 3799 bQ)
4. sifwfj spb ˆmb z]fe-n]fe (efƒeXdIe) bf rq, pfsk slsrv …]yc-dbyc hAÙÁ
rq.
jfvB
ˆmb TfjfW sJftfv ipGfqHcÙÁ
ˆhQ lxdó-zfjNGD.
5. spb ncodák bf rq. mrfbhD  hstb,
ªsn¦eX dhtfhfv …sÜswA sjfb mdrtf pdl
kf hAhrfv jsv icv¢Nslv nfmsb pfq, ksh sn shwAf smsq.« (zflf}, dk}, dm} 1065 bQ)
sn¦eX hAhrfv jsv mdrtf mnduslW spsk ifsv bf. ˆjlf yfwXskv nmq zfhC ùvfƒvf

mndul sKsj shv rstb. slJstb, ˆjde mdrtf mndul iashsw …lAk. kfv slr
hf sthfn sKsj …{jxó
ncodáv nchfn
YVfd¤Yt. zfhC ùvfƒvf mdrtfdev …sÜsw
htstb, `zftfƒdjnX nftfm.' mdrtfde nftfsmv …Ùv dlt. dkdb kfsj iaw´ jvstb,
`sjfKfq pfsh kcdm?' sn htt, `mndusl.' htstb, `dj ubA ˆmb nc¦lv ncodá smsJY
kcdm?' htt, `mnduslv ubA.' htstb, `zfïfrv jnm?' htt, `zfïfrv jnm.'
icbvfq htstb, `zfïfrv jnm?' htt, `zfïfrv jnm.' kJb dkdb htstb, `ksh
swfb, zfmfsj zfmfv diaqkm zfhct jfsnm  hstsYb sp, ªsnƒ mdrtfv sjfb bfmfp
jhct rq bf, sp kfv öfmD YfVf zbA jfsvfv ubA ncodá hAhrfv jsv; pk[B bf sn
bfifjDv sofnt jvfv mk sofnt jsv sbq.« zkˆh kcdm dIsv pfW, sofnt jsv
ncodá Lcsq sIt. kfviv dIsv ˆsn bfmfp isVf.' (zflf}, bf}, ƒmf}, hf}, dnn} 1031 bQ)
6. sthfn spb sjfb jfsIv mdrtfv zbcjk x bf rq. diaq bhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
sp
ufdkv nflxwA zhtìb (sthfsn-sifwfsj, yft-ytsb zbcjvB) jvsh sn kfslvƒ
ltHcÙÁ.« (zflf}, dm} 4347 bQ)
7. kf spb icv¢Nslv sthfsnv zbcv™i bf rq. mrfbhD  snƒ bfvDslvsj zdHwfi
dlsqsYb, pfvf icv¢Nslv shw LfvB jsv ˆhQ snƒ icv¢NslvsjW zdHwfi dlsqsYb,
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35

pfvf bfvDslv shw LfvB jsv.« (zflf} 4097, ƒmf} 1904 bQ)
dkdb snƒ icv¢Nsj zdHwfi dlsqsYb, sp mdrtfv mk sthfn isv ˆhQ snƒ
mdrtfsjW zdHwfi dlsqsYb, sp icv¢sNv mk sthfn isv. (zflf} 4098, ƒmf} 1903 bQ)
8. sthfn spb u]fjumjiCBG iadndÝubj bf rq. jfvB, dhvt Lvsbv sthfn ivst
nfLfvBk} idvLfbjfvDv msb ohG nxdó
rq
ˆhQ lwGsjv lxdó
zfjNGB jsv. kfƒ mrfbhD
 hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
lcdbqfsk iadndÝubj sthfn ivsh, zfïfr kfsj djqfmsk
tfÒbfv sthfn ivfshb.« (zf}, zflf}, ƒmf}, dm} 4346 bQ)
ªsp hAdÙÁ
u]fjumjiCBG sthfn ivsh, zfïfr kfsj djqfmsk zbcv™i sthfn idvsq
kf zdo´lÊ
jvshb.« (zflf}, hf}, n}uf} 6526 bQ)
zfv icv¢Nslv sthfsnv wkGfhtD dbm´v™i}-
1. sthfn spb bfdH sKsj r]fec ipG§À zQw zhwAƒ zfhxk vfsJ. spsrkc ‰ecjc zÌ

icv¢sNv tÏf²¿fb. (n}uf} 5583 bQ)
2. ˆmb ifktf bf rq, pfsk dHksvv yfmVf busv zfsn.
3. ˆmb zf]e-nfe bf rq, pfsk slsrv …]yc-dbyc hAÙÁ
rq.
4. jfsIvslv sthfsnv zbcjk x bf rq.
5. mdrtfslv sthfsnv zbcv™i bf rq.
6. u]fjumjiCBG iadndÝubj bf rq.
7. ofP rtcl hf ufIvfbD vsMv spb bf rq. zfmXv dhb zfn
hstb, zfïfrv vnCt
 ˆjlf zfmfv ofsq lc'de ufIvfbD vsMv jfiV slsJ htstb, ªˆÈstf jfsIvslv
jfiV. nckvfQ kcdm kf isvf bf.« (mc}, dm} 4327 bQ)
8. sthfn spb svwmD jfisVv bf rq. mrfbhD  hstb, ªsnfbf W svwm zfmfv
…©mskv mdrtfslv ubA rftft ˆhQ icv¢Nslv ubA rfvfm jvf rsqsY.« (dk}, bf}, dm}
4341 bQ) ªlcdbqfq svwm-h²Â
kfvfƒ ivsh, pfslv ivjfst sjfb zQw sbƒ.« (hc}, mc},
dm} 4320 bQ)
rpvk …mfv
hstb, vnCt  svwsmv jfiV ivsk dbsNL jsvsYb. ksh lcƒ,
dkb zKhf yfv zfÌct idvmfB (zbA jfisVv nsÌ
ucsV) hAhrfv jvsk zbcmdk
dlsqsYb. (mc}, dm} 4324 bQ) klbcv™i sjfb ymGsvfo iaHdx ksk …ijfvD rst kf hAhrfsv
zbcmdk zfsY. (hc}, mc}, dm} 4326 bQ)
9. idvdrk sthfn (ifqufmf, iAf¦eX, tcdÌ
،jfmDn iaHdx k) spb ifsqv o]fsev dbsy bf
pfq. mrfbhD  hstb,
ªo]fsev dbsyv zQw tcdÌ
ufrfâfsm.« (hc}, dm} 4314 bQ)
ªmc'dmsbv tcdÌ
ifsqv zsLGj vtf ipG§À. ˆƒ (zsLGj vtf) sKsj o]fe ipG§À zQswv sp
sjfbW ufqofq rst [dk sbƒ. dj§Â
ˆv dbsyv zQw slfpsJ pfsh.« ˆv™i 3 hfv hst
dkdb icbvfq htstb, ªzfv djqfmskv dlb zfïfr snƒ hAdÙÁv iadk kfdjsqW slJshb
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36

bf, sp zrQjfsvv nfsK dbsuv tcdÌ
(o]fsev dbsy) sY]yXsV dbsq shVfq.«(zflf},ƒmf},dm} 4331)
zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv nhsysq shwD iY¦lbDq sthfn dYt jfmDn (Ict-rfkf iafq
o]fsev …iv ipG§À tìf ufmf dhswN). (zflf}, dk}, dm} 4328 bQ) spmb dkdb syj-jfef
yflv ivsk Hfstfhfnskb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 4304 bQ)
dkdb mfKfq hAhrfv jvskb ifoVD. (dk}, n}uf} 4676 bQ) dkdb jfstf vsMv ifoVDW
h]fLskb. (zflf}, 4077, ƒmf} 3584 bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt  W nfrfhf kKf ntIslv pcso eciDW iaydtk dYt. (hc}, Ihf} 1/587,
3/86, mc} 925, zflf} 691 bQ)
spmb sn pcso swstfqfv hf ifqufmfW idvdyk dYt. mrfbhD  W ifqufmf Jdvl
jsvdYstb. (ƒmf} 2220, 2221 bQ) dkdb ƒrvfm h]fLf zh²¿fq rfuDslvsj ifqufmf
ivsk dbsNL jsvsYb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 2678 bQ) zhwA tcdÌ
bf ifWqf sost ifqufmf ivsk
zbcmdk dlsqsYb. (‰ 2679 bQ)
ƒhsb zfêfn
pJb tcdÌ
ivskb, kJb tcdÌv nfmsbv dlsjv dbsyv zQw ifsqv
ifkfv
…iv Ucdtsq dlskb
ˆhQ siYb dljef (o]fsev)
…isv kcst dbskb.
ˆv™i ivfv
jfvB duÎfnf jvf rst dkdb htstb, `zfdm zfïfrv vnCt  sj ˆv™i ivsk
slsJdY.' (zflf}, dm} 4370 bQ)
k]fv dbje sifwfsjv nhsysq iY¦lbDq vM dYt nflf. dkdb hstb, ªskfmvf nflf
jfiV idvLfb jv. jfvB nflf vsMv jfiV shwD idhÛ
Kfsj. zfv
‰
vsMv jfisVƒ
skfmfslv mfƒsqAksj jfIbfW.« (zf}, dk}, bf}, ƒmf}, dm} 4337 bQ)
ˆ YfVf nhcu vsMv jfiVW dkdb hAhrfv jvskb. (zflf} 4065 bQ) ˆhQ tft
vsMvW sthfn idvLfb jvskb. (zflf} 4072, ƒmf} 3599, 3600 bQ)
mcrfsÜn zfthfbD rfsIpfùïfr hstb, `tft vsMv jfiV hAhrfv dbdNÝ
rWqfv
hAfifsv sjfb rflDn nrDr bq.' (dmwjfskv eDjf 2/1247)
sthfsn-sifwfsj nflf-dnsL Kfjf „mfsbv idvyfqj. (zflf}, dm} 4345 bQ) mrfbhD 
hstb, ªnfmKGA Kfjf nsÙ¶W sp hAdÙÁ
dhbq nrjfsv snZ¦lpGmq jfiV ivf kAfo jvsh,
zfïfr kfzftf kfsj djqfmsk nxdóv nfmsb sFsj
ˆJdkqfv slshb;
„mfsbv sthfsnv
msLA kfv spef
ƒ¤Yf snefƒ ivsk ifvsh. (dk}, rf}, n}uf} 6145 bQ)
ksh nc¦lv sthfn ivf sp dbdNÝ
kf bq. jfvB,
ªzfïfr nc¦lv. dkdb snZ¦lpG iY¦l
jsvb. hf¦lfsj dkdb sp sbqfmk lfb jsvsYb kfv dyrÁ
(kfv slsr)
slJsk iY¦l
jsvb. zfv dkdb lfdvû W (stfjys[) ldvû nfufsj OxBf jsvb.« (hf}, n}uf} 1742 bQ)
diaq vnCt  hstb, ªpfv z§Àsv zBc idvmfBW zrQjfv Kfjsh, sn ufâfk iashw
jvsh bf.« htf rt, `stfsj skf yfq sp, kfv sifwfjef nc¦lv srfj, kfv ucskfef
nc¦lv srfj. (kfrst snefW dj ‰ ipGfsq iVsh?)' dkdb htstb, ªzfïfr nc¦lv. dkdb
snZ¦lpG iY¦l jsvb. zrQjfv skf `rj' (bAfq W nkA) iakAfJAfb jvf ˆhQ mfbcNsj
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37

OxBf jvfv bfm.« (mc}, n}uf} 7674 bQ)

dkdb zfsvf hstb, ª…Ùm zflwG,
…Ùm shwHCNf
ˆhQ dmkfyfdvkf bhcWskv 25
zQswv zbAkm zQw.« (zf}, zflf}, n}uf} 1993 bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt  ˆj hAdÙÁv mfKfq zftcKftc yct slsJ htstb, ªˆv dj
ˆmb djYcW
sbƒ, pfv äfvf mfKfv
ˆstfsmstf yctÈstfsj snfuf jsv (z]fyXsV) sbq?!«
zfv
ˆj
hAdÙÁv ivsb mqtf jfiV slsJ htstb, ªˆv dj
ˆmb djYcW sbƒ, pfv äfvf mqtf
jfiVsj idv°jfv jsv sbq?!« (zflf}, bf}, zf}, dm} 4351 bQ)
zfhct zfrWqfn hstb, ˆjlf zfdm zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv dbje ˆtfm. zfmfv ivsb
dYt sbrfkƒ dbm´mfsbv jfiV. dkdb kf slsJ zfmfsj htstb, ªskfmfv dj mft-Lb
zfsY?« zfdm httfm, `uD r]Af.' htstb, ªsjfbX swaBDv mft zfsY?« zfdm httfm,
`njt swaBDvƒ mft zfmfv dbje mucl. zfïfr zfmfsj …e, ov¢, Yfot, sH]Vf, sOfVf
W ÛÁDklfn lfb jsvsYb.' dkdb htstb, ªzfïfr pJb skfmfsj ˆk mft lfb
jsvsYb, kJb zfïfrv slWqf sbqfmk W zbcoar skfmfv shw-HCNfq iajfw ifWqf
…dyk.« (zf}, bf}, dm} 4352 bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªpf ƒ¤Yf kfƒ JfW ˆhQ spmb ƒ¤Yf skmdbƒ iv, ksh kfsk spb lc'de
dudbn bf Kfsj; ziyq W zrQjfv.« (hc}, dm} 4380 bQ)

bfmfspv dHksv dhswN sthfn

ˆjefƒ jfisV icv¢sNv bfmfp wcÝ,
ksh kfsk j]fL Tfjsk rsh. (hc}, mc}, dm} 754-756
bQ) zfv sJqft vfJsk rsh, spb wvmofr iajfw bf sisq pfq. (‰ dm} 4315 bQ)
kWqfsI jclCm (rÏ
W
…mvfq nhGiaKm kWqfI) YfVf zbA nmq
ƒrvfm zh²¿fq Ffb
j]fL shv jsv vfJf dhsLq bq. htf hfùtA bfmfspv nmq …Hq j]fL Tfjf uv¢vD.
ˆj hAdÙÁ
rpvk
…mfv
sj
ˆj jfisV bfmfp iVfv hAfifsv duÎfnf jvf rst
dkdb htstb, `zfïfr zfdLjA lfb jvst skfmvfW zdLj hAhrfv jv.' zKGf{ shwD
jfiV Kfjst shwD hAhrfv jvfƒ …Ùm. (hc} 365 bQ)
lvhfv zfïfrv. dkdb snZ¦lpG iY¦l jsvb. kfƒ bfmfpDv …dyk, pKfnfLA snZ¦lpG
zhtìb jsv k]fv lvhfsv rfduv rWqf. mrfbhD  hstb,
ªskfmfslv sj… pJb
bfmfp isV, kJb kfsj lc'de jfiV ivf …dyk. jfvB, zfïfr zdLjkm rjlfv sp,
k]fv ubA nfunÏf oarB jvf rsh.«
(n}uf} 652 bQ)
i[f§Àsv bfmfspv ubA ˆmb bjXwflfv jfiV rWqf …dyk bq, pfsk bfmfpDv mb hf
ˆjfoakf ycdv jsv sbq. ˆjlf mrfbhD  bjXwflfv sjfb jfisV bfmfp iVfv iv
htstb, ªˆde sIv{ dlsq `zfìfufbD' (bjXwfdhrDb) jfiV dbsq
ˆn. jfvB,
ˆde
zfmfsj zfmfv bfmfp sKsj
…lfn jsv sIstdYt.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 757 bQ)
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38

bfmfpDv bfmfspv ˆmb sthfn rWqf …dyk bq, pfsk sjfb (dhyvBwDt) iafBDv Ydh
Kfsj. jfvB, ˆskW bfmfpDv msbfspfo dYdbsq sbq. rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) ˆv js[v
ˆj iafs§À ˆjde YdhpcÙÁ
vdMb ilGf efÌfsbf dYt.
ˆjlf mrfbhD  htstb,
ªskfmfv

ˆƒ ilGf zfmfslv dbje sKsj ndvsq bfW. jfvB, Wv YdhÈstf zfmfv bfmfsp dhO´ nxdó

jvsY.« (hc} 374 bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªsp Osv jcjcv zKhf Ydh (hf mCdkG) Kfsj, sn Osv dIdvñf iashw jsvb
bf.« (ƒmf}, zf}, dk}, ƒdr}, n}uf} 1961, 1963 bQ)
zkˆh bfmfspv hfƒsvW ˆ Lvsbv YdhpcÙÁ
sthfn mcndtsmv ubA ShL bq. jfvB,

ƒntfm Ydh W mCdkGv sOfv dhsvfLD.
sp jfisV zmcndtmslv sjfb LmGDq iakDj (spmb ÛÁcw, w£J iaHdx k) Kfsj, sn jfiV
(W ztËfv) hAhrfv ShL bq. mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `bhD  hfdVsk sjfb dudbsn
ÛcÁw slJstƒ kf sjse sItskb.' (zf}, zflf} 4151 bQ)
ucskf idhÛ
rst, kf ifsq svsJƒ bfmfp iVf ShL. mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmvf
ƒqfùlDslv dhivDk jv. (ˆhQ ucskf W smfuf ifsq bfmfp iV.) jfvB, Wvf Wslv
ucskf W smfuf ifsq svsJ bfmfp isV bf.« (zflf}, dm} 765bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt  dbsNL jsvsYb, spb sj… hfm rfsk bf Jfq, sj… spb ˆj ifsq
ucskf svsJ bf yst, sj… spb ˆmbHfsh ˆjde mfÛ
jfiV
äfvf dbsusj udVsq bf sbq,
pfsk kfv rfk shv jvfv iK Kfsj bf
ˆhQ sj… spb ˆjefƒ jfiV isv, ifYfv …iv
Hv jsv, ifsqv vtf W rf]ec lc'desj JfVf jsv sise tfdosq, rfk lc'desj ifsq udVsq,
tÏf²¿fb Jcst bf hsn. (mc}, dm} 4315 bQ)
tcdÌv dHksv djYc bf isv Kfjst
ˆhQ zbcv™i hnstW tÏf²¿fb iajfw ifWqfv Hq
Kfsj. spmb mdrtfslv wfdV-nfqfskW
‰
ˆjƒ zh²¿f rsk ifsv. zkˆh ‰ nh
jfisV ‰v™i hnf ShL bq.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
bfmfsp kfv tcdÌsj zrQjfsvv nfsK
o]fsev dbsy Ucdtsq
vfsJ, kfv
ˆ
jfu rftft bq
ˆhQ zfïfrv dbje kfv sjfb n©mfb sbƒ.« (zflf}, n}uf}
6012 bQ)
iajfw sp, o]fsev dbsy jfiV Ucdtsq bfmfp iVst bfmfp jhct rq bf -ˆ hAfifsv
hdBGk rflDnde nrDr bq. (p}zflf} 124, 884 bQ)
bfifjDv ns¦lr bf Kfjst iasqfusb mdrtfslv wft, yflv, hf wfdV ofsq dlsq icv¢Nvf
bfmfp iVsk ifsv.
iasqfusb ˆjƒ jfisVv zsLGjef (‡kcmkD rstW) ²ÃDv ofsq
ˆhQ icv¢N kfv
zsLGjef ofsq dlsq bfmfp iVsk ifsv. rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt 
vfsÛ
bfmfp iVskb. zfdm mfdnj zh²¿fq k]fv ifsw Kfjkfm. zfv zfmfv
ˆjde
jfiV zfmfv ofsq
ˆhQ djYc k]fv ofsq Kfjk.' (zflf} 370 bQ)
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39

sp jfiV isv Kfjf zh²¿fq smsqslv mfdnj rq, snƒ jfisV mfdnj stso Kfjfv
ns¦lr bf Kfjst idhÛkfv sofnstv iv bf LcsqW
‰
jfisVƒ kfslv bfmfp iVf ShL.
mfdnj tfostW sp ²¿fsb stsosY sjht snƒ ²¿fb Lcsq Jcsbv lfo bf sostW kfskƒ
bfmfp iVf ShL W wcÝ
rsh. (zflf} 365bQ)
sjht lcL ifb jsv ˆmb dwwcicÛ
pdl jfisV siwfh jsv slq, kfrst kfv
…iv
ifdbv dYef smsv
ˆhQ bf Lcsq kfskƒ bfmfp rsq pfsh. i[f§Àsv pdl dwwcjbAfv siwfh
rq zKhf lcL YfVf zbA JfhfvW Jfq ˆmb dwwc rq, kfrst kfv siwfh jfiV sKsj
Lcsq sItsk rsh. bsy{ bfmfp rsh bf. (hc}, mc}, dm} 497, 502, zflf} 377-379 bQ)
jfisVv siwfh svfsl wcdjsq sostW kfsk bfmfp rq bf. jfiV sKsj siwfh ifdb
dlsq sLfqf uv¢vD. (Iƒ} 1/198)
sp jfiV isv öfmD-²ÃDv dmtb rq snƒ jfisVW bfmfp wcÝ.
zhwA bfifjD tfost hf
tfofv ns¦lr rst bq. (zflf} 366bQ)
efƒe-dIeX iAf¦e W wfeG ˆhQ yc²ÀX ifqufmf W Jfsef ifÓfhD isv bfmfp mjv™r. efƒe
rWqfv jfvsB bfmfsp ˆjfoakf HÌ
rq. kfYfVf jfisVv
…iv sKsj (dhswN jsv
diYb sKsj) wvmofsrv
…]yc-bDyc zQw W zfjfv shfUf pfq. (mh} 15/75)
mdrtfslv sthfsn yct, sie, diE, rfskv jdçv …idv Hfsov zÌ
(jbcƒ, hfù
iaHdx k) shv rsq Kfjst bfmfp rq bf. sjht syrfvf W jdç ipG§À rfk shv rsq
Kfjsh. ifsqv ifkfW sTsj sbWqf jkGhA. (mh} 16/138, Iƒ} 1/288, djlf} 94ix})
zhwA nfmsb sjfb shofbf icv¢N Kfjst syrfvfW sTsj dbsk rsh.
Ov zájfv rstW hf
ˆjf KfjstW bfmfp iVsk iVsk Tfjf Ivp
ˆmb sjfb zÌ

iajfw sisq sost bfmfp hfdkt rsq pfsh. snƒ bfmfp icbvfq dIdvsq iVsk rsh. (Iƒ}
1/285)
diaq bhD  hstb, ªsjfb nfhfdtjf smsqv mfKfq yflv YfVf kfv bfmfp jhct rq
bf.« (zflf}, dk}, dm} 762bQ)
icv¢sNv slsrv †L¶fG Qswv jfiV (yflv hf ofmYf) nQjDBG rst mfKf Tfjsk dosq spb
sie-diE hfdrv bf rsq pfq. iajfw sp, bfmfsp icv¢sNv ubA mfKf Tfjf uv¢vD bq.
snZ¦lspGv ubA eciD, ifoVD hf mfKfv v¢mft mfKfq hAhrfv jvf …Ùm. zfv
ˆ
jKf
dhdlk sp, zfïfrv bhD  W k]fv nfrfhfoB jJsbf jJsbf ˆj jfisVW bfmfp
isVsYb. kfYfVf jkj ntI nckvfv ubA djYc bf sist mfKfv eciD Jcst nfmsb svsJ
nckvf hfbfskb. (zflf} 691bQ)
iajfw sp, idvwam W smrbskv jfsuv OmGdnÙÁ, jflf hf LcstfmfJf lcoGámq sthfsn
mrfb hflwf zfïfrv lvhfv mndusl zfnf …dyk bq. jfvB, kfsk zfïfrv …id²¿k
dIdvñf kKf mcnïDoB jó ifshb. zfv ˆƒ ubAƒ skf j]fyf di]qfu-vncb sJsq mndusl
zfnsk dbsNL jvf rsqsY.
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40

bfmfspv zÙÁnmCr
Ivp bfmfp wcÝ
rWqfv ubA
ˆj wkG rt, kf pKf nmsq zflfq jvf. dbdlGó
nmq
YfVf dHâ nmsq bfmfp rq bf. ˆ iansÌ
mrfb zfïfr hstb,
ً' d  4<
ً$

3 " 4 ƒ  ْ ‫
א‬n+
~ 
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א‬
 
zKGf{, dbLGfdvk nmsq pKfpKHfsh bfmfp iVf mc'dmbslv jkGhA. (jc} 4/103)
jcvzfb mfuDsl jdkiq zfqfsk bfmfspv 5de zsÙÁv iadk
ƒdÌk jvf rsqsY; spmb
zfïfr kfzftf hstb, ªzfv bfmfp jfsqm jv dlsbv lc' iaf§ÀHfso (zKGf{ Iuv W
mfosvshv nmq) W vfskv iaKmfQsw (zKGf{ ˆwfv nmq). (jc} 11/114)
ªnCpG Tst pfWqfv iv rsk vfskv Ob zájfv ipG§À (zKGf{ spfrv, zfnv, mfosvh
W ˆwfv) bfmfp jfsqm jv, zfv jfsqm jv Iusvv bfmfp.« (jc} 17/78)
ªzfv nCspGflsqv iCshG (Iusv) W nCpfG s²Àv iCshG (zfnsv) skfmfv iadkiftsjv
niawQn idhÛkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jv
ˆhQ idhÛkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jv vfdÛv djYc
nmsq
(ˆwfq)
ˆhQ dlsbv iaf§ÀHfoÈdtsk (Iuv, spfrv W mfosvsh), pfsk kcdm n§Âó

rsk ifv.« (jc} 20/130)
i]fy zÙÁsj dbdlGó
jvsk zfïfrv kvI rsk öqQ duhvDt (zf}) ˆsn ƒmfm rsq
vnCt sj nsÌ
dbsq bfmfp isVb. bhD  hstb,
ªjf'hfoxsrv dbje duhvDt (zf})
zfmfv lc'hfv ƒmfmdk jsvb; iaKmhfsv dkdb zfmfsj dbsq spfrsvv bfmfp kJb
iVstb, pJb nCpG Tst dosq kfv Yfqf ucskfv dIskv mk (nfmfbA) rsqdYt. zk}iv
dkdb zfmfsj dbsq zfnsvv bfmfp iVstb pJb iaskAj h²Âv Yfqf kfv nmidvmfB
rsqdYt. zk}iv zfmfsj dbsq mfosvshv bfmfp iVstb kJb, pJb svfpflfv ƒIkfv
jsv sIstdYt. (zKGf{ nCpfG s²Àv nfsK nfsK.) zk}iv ˆwfv bfmfp kJb iVstb, pJb
(nCpfG s²Àv iv idÇym zfjfswv z²Àvfo) tft zfHf zlxwA rsq dosqdYt. zfv zfmfsj
dbsq Iusvv bfmfp kJb iVstb, pJb svfpflfsvv ubA ifbfrfv rfvfm rsq dosqdYt.
däkDq dlsb dkdb zfmfsj dbsq spfrsvv bfmfp kJb iVstb pJb iaskAj h²Âv Yfqf
kfv nmidvmfB rsqdYt. zfnsvv bfmfsp zfmfv
ƒmfmdk kJb jvstb, pJb iaskAj
h²Âv Yfqf kfv däÈB rsqdYt. zk}iv zfmfsj dbsq mfosvshv bfmfp kJb iVstb,
pJb svfpflfv ƒIkfv jsv sIstdYt. zk}iv vfskv ˆj kxkDqfQw ok rst dkdb
ˆwfv bfmfp iVstb. zfv zfmfsj dbsq Iusvv bfmfp kJb iVstb, pJb (sHfv)
InGf rsq dosqdYt. zk}iv dkdb zfmfv iadk t[A jsv htstb, `sr mcrf©mfl! ˆ rt
zfibfv iCshG njt bhDosBv zÙÁ.
zfv
ˆƒ lcƒ zsÙÁv mLAhkGD zÙÁƒ rt bfmfspv
zÙÁ.' (zflf}, dk}, dm} 583bQ)
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41

swN zsÙÁ
bfmfp pdlW wcÝ, khcW iaKm (zfWqft) zsÙÁ
bfmfp iVf rt swaô
zfmt. zfïfrv vnCt  sj duÎfnf jvf rt, `sjfb zfmt nhGswaô?' …Ùsv dkdb
htstb,
ªzfWqft zsÙÁ
bfmfp iVf.« (n}zflf} 452, n}dk} 144, dm} 607bQ)
rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt  swN uDhb ipG§À däkDq hfv jJsbf
swN zsÙÁ
bfmfp isVb db.' (n}dk} 146, dm} 608bQ)

I
Iuussvvvv nnmmqq
nchsr nfslj …dlk rst Iusvv bfmfspv nmq wcv¢ rq ˆhQ svfpflfsvv ubA
ifbfrfv rfvfm rsq pfq. (nchsr nfslj htf rq snƒ nmqsj, sp nmsq sHfsvv zfHf
iChG zfjfsw …Ùv-ld[sB dh²ÀDBG zh²¿fq slJf pfq.) zfv
ˆv swN nmq rt nCspGflsqv
iChG ipG§À.
ksh ˆƒ bfmfp iaKm zsÙÁ
`oftfsn'
(ˆjec zájfsv jfjsHfsv) iVf
…Ùm.
mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt  Iusvv bfmfp iVskb. zk}iv
mdrtfvf kfslv yflv udVsqƒ dbu dbu hfnfq dIsv spk. dj§Â
zájfsvv ubA
kfslvsj sybf spk bf.' (hc}, mc}, dm} 598bQ)
zfhC mCnf
hstb, `ˆjlf zfïfrv vnCt  kJb Iusvv bfmfp iVstb, pJb
sj… kfv ifw¶hkGD nÌDv syrfvf dybsk ifvk bf zKhf kfv ifsw sj vsqsY kf ufbsk
ifvk bf.' (zflf} 395, 398bQ)
zfhC mfn†l zfbnfvD
hstb, dkdb (bhD ) ˆjhfv Iusvv bfmfp zájfsv
(Jch sHfsv) iVstb. zk}iv däkDq hfv InGf jsv iVstb. ˆviv k]fv Iusvv
bfmfp zájfsvƒ rk. zfv ƒs§Àjft zhdL sjfb dlb icbhGfv (Iusvv bfmfp) InGf
jsv isVb db.' (zflf} 394bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªskfmvf Iusvv bfmfp InGf jsv iV. jfvB, kfsk nWqfh
zdLj.« (zflf}, dk}, bf}, dm} 614bQ)
ˆƒ rflDsnv hAfJAf ˆƒ sp, `Iuv ±ióv™si iajfw rsk lfW, dbdÇykv™si Iuv
…dlk rWqfv jKf bf susb bfmfspv ubA kfVfùVf jsvf bf.' zKhf `skfmvf Iusvv
bfmfp tìf dj¶vfzfk Lsv InGf jsv iV. ˆsk zdLj nWqfh tfH rsh.' zfv ˆ jKf
dhdlk sp, mrfbhD  dbsu ˆƒ bfmfsp (jJsbf jJsbf) 60 sKsj 100 zfqfk ipG§À
ifE jvskb ˆhQ pJb bfmfp swN jvskb, kJb iaskAsj kfv ifswv nfKDsj dybsk
ifvk. (hc} 599bQ)
zKhf `y]flbD vfsk ˆjec InGf rsk lfW. pfsk Iuv rWqf ±ió
W dbdÇykv™si hcUf
pfq.' (mcm} 2/114-115)
spsrkc k]fv zfmt mxkAc ipG§À Iusvv bfmfp InGf jsv dYt bf, hvQ ˆ bfmfp ˆjec
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42

zájfv Kfjskƒ wcv¢ jvskb, snsrkc …ÙÁ
rflDsnv
ˆƒ nh hAfJAf dbÇyqƒ pcdÙÁpcÙÁ.

ssppffr
rssvvvv nnmmqq
nCpG idÇym zfjfswv dlsj Tst sostƒ spfrsvv zfWqft zÙÁ
wcv¢ rq. zfv iaskAj
h²Âv Yfqf kfv nmidvmfB rst kfv nmq swN rsq pfq.
nCpG mLAsvJfq Kfjst sjfb sJftf ufqofq ˆjde nvt jfdE hf wtfjf snfufHfsh
ofVst pJb kfv Yfqf kfv slsr dbdÇyrÁ
rWqfv iv iChG dlsj isV tìf rsk tfosh,
kJbƒ rsh spfrsvv nmq. ˆƒHfsh kfv Yfqf kfv nmidvmfB rst spfrsvv nmq swN
rsq pfsh.
zbAKf nCpG mLAsvJfq bf Kfjst, sjfb softfsLG Kfjfv Ist sp zdkdvÙÁ
Yfqf isV, kf
hfl dlsq mfisk rsh. jfdEv Yfqf jmsk jmsk dEj mLAfrÁjfst zfhfv hfVsk wcv¢
rsh. ‰ hfVf zQwde mfist spfrv-zfnsvv nmq dbBGq jvf pfsh.
iaskAj bfmfp kfv iaKm zsÙÁ
iVfƒ rt …Ùm. dj§Â
oaD®mjfst jdEb ovsmv dlsb
spfrsvv bfmfp ˆjec Efàf hf slvD jsv iVf zfIpt.
zfhC pfvG
hstb, ˆjlf zfmvf bhD  ˆv nfsK ˆj nIsv dYtfm. spfrsvv nmq
rst mczfpXdpb zfpfb dlsk yfƒt. bhD  htstb, ªEfàf jv.« ˆƒv™i dkdb lcƒ
zKhf dkb hfv htstb. kJb zfmvf slJtfm sp, sYfe sYfe ifrfVÈstfv Yfqf sbsm

ˆsnsY. icbvfq bhD  htstb
،ªoaDs®mv ˆƒ iaJv …Ùfi slfpsJv zQw. zkˆh
ovm jdEb rst bfmfp Efàf (slvD) jsv iV.« (hc} 539bQ, mc}, zflf}, dk}) oaD®mjfst
dbsuv Yfqf 3 sKsj 5 jlm rst ˆhQ wDkjfst 5 sKsj 7 jlm rst spfrsvv nmq
dbBGq jvf pfq. (zflf}, bf}, dm} 586bQ) zhwA njt slswƒ ˆ mfi ndEj rsh bf.

z
zffnnssvvvv nnmmqq
pJb iaskAj h²Âv Yfqf kfv nmidvmfB rsq pfq, kJb zfnsvv nmq wcv¢ rq. swN
rq dEj nCpfG s²Àv iChGmrc CskG.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
nCpG sFfhfv iCshG zfnsvv
ˆj vfjzfk sisq sbq, sn
zfnv sisq sbq.« (hc}, mc})
zfnsvv zfWqft zsÙÁƒ bfmfp iVf mrfbhD  ˆv zfmt dYt. zfbfn
hstb,
`nCpG pJb zfjfswv …¤ykfq ialDå
Kfjk, kJb zfïfrv vnCt  zfnsvv bfmfp
iVskb. k]fv nfsK bfmfp isV zsbsj mlDbfv ifw¶hG kGD h²ÀDsk (sjfb jfsu hf dbsuv
hfdV dIsv) spk, zfv pJb snJfsb si]ZYk kJbW nCpG (zsi[fjxk) …¤ykfq Kfjk.
iv§Â
sjfb sjfb h²ÀD mlDbf sKsj iafq 4 mDt (16 rfufv rfk, iafq 7 djdm) lCsv
zhd²¿k dYt.' (hc}, mc}, dm} 592bQ)
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43

vfsI' dhb JflDu

hstb, `zfmvf zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv nfsK zfnsvv bfmfp
iVkfm. zk}iv …e brv (pshr) jvf rk, kfviv kfv sofñX lw Hfo jvf rk.
snƒ sofñX nCpG sFfhfv iCshGƒ vfâf jsv sJsk sikfm.' (hc}, mc}, dm} 615bQ)
dhbf Wusv zfnsvv bfmfp swN nmsq slvD jsv iVf mjv™r. mrfbhD  hstb,
ªˆef skf mcbfdIsjv bfmfp; sp nCspGv zsi[f jsv pJb kf rtsl rsq wqkfsbv lcƒ
dwsMv mfsU zfsn, kJb sn …sE (jfsjv hf mcvoDv lfbf JfWqfv mk) yfv vfjzfk
EjfEj isV sbq. pfsk sn zfïfrv dpjXv jmƒ jsv Kfsj.« (mc}, zf}, zflf}, dk}, bf}, dm} 593bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt  zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfnsvv bfmfp kAfo jsv sn hAdÙÁv
zfmt ià rsq pfq.« (hcJfvD 553, bfnf„)
zbA ˆj hBGbfq dkdb hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁv zfnsvv bfmfp Ycse sot, kfv spb idvhfv
W Lb-mft tcØb rsq sot.« (mfstj, hcJfvD 552, mcndtm 626 bQ iamcJ)

mmffoossvvsshhvv nnmmqq
nCpG z²À sostƒ mfosvshv nmq rq ˆhQ idÇymfjfsw tft zfHf (z²Àvfo) sjse
sostƒ ˆv nmq swN rsq pfq. (mc})
mfosvshv bfmfpW zfWqft zsÙÁ
iVf zfIpt
ˆhQ dhbf Wusv slvD jsv iVf
mjv™r. sjbbf, duhvDt (zf}) mrfbhD  ˆv ƒmfmdk jfst 2 dlbƒ ˆjƒ nmsq
zfWqft zsÙÁ
bfmfp idVsqdYstb- spmb iCshGjfv rflDn rsk zfmvf ufbsk sisvdY.
kfYfVf vfsI' dhb JflDu
hstb, `zfmvf bhD

ˆv nfsK mfosvshv bfmfp
iVkfm. zk}iv bfmfp snsv pdl zfmfslv sj… kDv mfvk, kfrst sn kfv kDv
iVfv ²¿fbde slJsk sik.' (zKGf{, shwD zájfv rk bf.) (hc}, mc}, dm} 596bQ)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªzfmfv …©mskv stfsjvf kk[B ipG§À ƒntfmD dIkvfk
(iajdx kv) …iv Kfjsh, pk[B kfvf kfvjfvfdu (zfjfsw) iajfw rWqfv iCshGƒ
mfosvshv bfmfp isV sbsh.« (zf}, k¶fh}, zflf}, rf}, dm} 609bQ)

ˆ
ˆwwffvv nnmmqq
nCpfG s²Àv iv idÇym zfjfw rsk tft zfHf sjse sost
ˆwfv nmq
…id²¿k rq.
bc'mfb dhb hfwDv


ˆv hBGbf zbcpfqD (y]fslv mfsnv) kxkDq vfsk y]fl Fcsh sost

ˆwfv nmq rq. (zflf}, lf}, dm} 613bQ) nCpG sFfhfv iv sKsj OdV Lsv slV O¦ef
zdkhfdrk rst ˆƒ zÙÁ
zfsn.
zfv ˆv swN nmq zsLGj vfk ipG§À zhdwó
Kfsj. zhwA sjfb Wpv W hfLfv Ist
Iusvv zfso ipG§À ˆwfv bfmfp isV dbst zflfq rsq pfq. spsrkc mrfbhD  hstb,
ªsj… Ocdmsq pfWqfv Ist bfmfp bf iVst kf SwdKtA hst oBA rsh bf. zhwA
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44

ufoakfh²¿fq pdl sj… bfmfp bf isV ˆhQ zbA bfmfspv nmq …id²¿k rsq pfq, ksh
kfv SwdKtAƒ LkGhA.« (mc} 681bQ)
…ÙÁ
rflDn
äfvf iamfdBk rq sp, zfofmD bfmfspv nmq
ˆsn
…id²¿k bf rWqf ipG§À
hkGmfb bfmfspv nmq zhdwó
Kfsj. zhwA Iusvv bfmfspv nmq wvDqk jkGj x
dbLGfdvk. nCp
G …lsqv nfsK nfsKƒ kf swN rsq pfq. spfrv ipG§À zhdwó
Kfsj bf. (dInc}
…lcG 75ix})
zfWqft zsÙÁ
bfmfp zfIpt rstW
ˆj kxkDqfQw hf mLAvfsk (swN zsÙÁ)
ˆwfv
bfmfp iVf zfIpt. mrfbhD  hstb,
ªzfmfv
…©mskv ubA jónfLA bf ufbst
zfdm
ˆwfv bfmfpsj
ˆj kxkDqfQw zKhf zLGvfk ipG§À slvD jsv iVsk kfslvsj
zfslw dlkfm.« (zf}, dk}, ƒmf}, dm} 611bQ)
diaq vnCt  ˆwfv bfmfpsj ˆj kxkDqfQw vfdÛ
ipG§À slvD jsv iVsk iY¦l
jvskb ˆhQ ˆwfv iCshG Ocmfsbf W isv jKfhfkGf htfsj ziY¦l jvskb. (hc} 599, mc},
iamcJ) pfsk ˆwf, kfrfÏcl, dhkv W Iusvv bfmfp pKf nmsq iVf nru rq.
ksh äDb zKhf uv¢vD dhNsq jKfhfkGf htf W ƒtXm yyGf jvf lCNbDq bq. spmb
zfïfrv vnCt  zfhC hjv W …mfsvv nfsK ˆwfv iv ubnfLfvsBv Hfstf-m¦l dbsq
jKfhfkGf htskb. (zf}, dk} 169bQ)

bbffmmffssppvv nnmmqq ddbbddlló

Gó
G DDj
jvvssBBvv i
iÇÇyyffssk
k ddr
rjjmmk
k
mrfb zfïfr mfbcN nxdó
jsvsYb
ˆhQ kfsj
ˆmb iajdx k W iahdx Ù
lfb jsvsYb, pfsk
v¢pD zbcnáfsbv mfLAsm kfsj uDhbLfvB jvsk rsh. zfv kfv ubA iasqfub
idvwasmv. idvwam slr-msb j¾fd§À, hA²Àkf W SwdKtA zfsb. Ist idvwasm dYâ rq
zfïfr W hf¦lfv mfsU dhswN spfonCÛ.
kfƒ skf pKfnmsq snƒ spfonCÛ
-ˆjefbf bq
hvQ mfsU mfsU jfsqm jsv hf¦lfsj zfïfr-mcsJf jsv vfJfv …sÜswA bfmfspv zsÙÁv

ˆƒ dhswN nmqfhtD dbdlGó
jvf rsqsY.
i[f§Àsv idvwam W …ifuGsbv ubAW …lAm uv¢vD. dhswN jsv Iusvv nmsq ˆmb
djYc zbcwDtsbv lvjfv, pfv mfsU dbûfv uVkf W zftnA sjse dosq msb ±ICdkG dIsv
zfsn ˆhQ pfv Ist ˆƒ hjGskv nmsq mfbcN dbu dbu jfsu msbfspfoD rsk ifsv.
kfƒ skf Iusvv bfmfspv mfLAsm hf¦lf kfv dbûf zh²¿fq dbvfiÙf tfsHv
…iv
zfïfrv wcjdvqf Îfib jsv
ˆhQ zfïfrv dbje kWIDj W nfrfpA jfmbfv mLA dlsq
wcv¢ jsv kfv iafkAdrj jmGuDhb.
idvwam W hA²Àkfv mfsU dEj dlb lcicsv mfbcN idvwaf§À rsq isV ˆjec dhvdkv nfsK
dhwafm dbsq Kfsj. ˆƒ dhwafsmv nmq sn kfv dbu jsmGv …iv kWIDj tfsHv wcjdvqf
Îfib jsv zfïfrv dbje. zk}iv zfnsvv nmq …id²¿k rst icbvfq hf¦lf kfv
hfjD dlsbv jmG n©iâ jvfv mfbsn zfïfrv nfrfpA jfmbf jsv. mfosvshv nmq rst
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45

hf¦lf dbu oxsr dIsv jmG n©iflb jvfv jxkÎkf
ÎfibiChj G mfosvshv bfmfp isV.
zk}iv nmq zfsn dhwafm W zfvfsmv. ˆƒ nmq hf¦lf iafkAdrj jmG snsv nfvf dlsb
zfïfrv kvI sKsj zhkDBG zbcoasrv …iv wcjXv ufdbsq ˆwfv bfmfp isV. zfv
ˆƒHfsh sn iakAr jmG W ƒhflskv mLA dlsq dbsuv jft pfib jsv Kfsj. sjfb nmq
zfk¹dhn¹xk rsq ifsiv iadk Tst iVst bfmfp kfsj hfLf slq. zfïfrv zfpfh HDNB
jdEb ˆhQ k]fv zbcoar zb§À-znDm -ˆ jKf iakAr i]fi-i]fy hfv hf¦lfsj n¹vB jdvsq
slWqf rq. (mfnfƒ} 91-92ix})

sspp sspp nnmmssqq bbffmmffpp ddbbddNNÝ

Ý
dlhfvfsÛ
i]fyde nmsq bfmfp iVf dbdNÝ;
mrfbhD  hstb, (1) ªzfnsvv bfmfspv
iv nCpG bf sFfhf ipG§À zfv sjfb bfmfp sbƒ ˆhQ (2) Iusvv bfmfspv iv nCpG bf WEf
ipG§À zfv sjfb bfmfp sbƒ.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 1041 bQ)
…j¶hf dhb zfsmv
hstb, zfïfrv vnCt  zfmfslvsj dkb nmsq bfmfp iVsk
ˆhQ mclfG lfIb jvsk dbsNL jvskb; (3) dEj nCpG …lq rWqfv iv sKsj ˆjec …]yc bf
rWqf ipG§À, (4) nCpG dEj mfKfv …iv zfnfv iv sKsj ˆjec Tst bf pfWqf ipG§À ˆhQ
(5) nCpG sFfhfv jfYfjfdY rWqf sKsj Fcsh bf pfWqf ipG§.À (mc}, zf}, zflf}, bf}, ƒmf}, dm}
1040 bQ) spsrkc ˆƒ nmqÈdtsk nfLfvBk} jfsIvvf nCspGv iCuf jsv Kfsj kfƒ. (mc},
dm} 1042 bQ)
bfmfp dbdNÝ
rWqfv hAfifsv
ˆde rt nfLfvB dbslGw. dj§Â
zbAfbA rflDn
äfvf djYc
nmsq djYc bfmfpsj hAdkÛÁm jvf rsqsY. spmb}-
1. Ivp bfmfp hfjD Kfjst kf zflfq jvfv ncspfo rWqf mfÛ
sp sjfb nmsq nk¶v
isV sbWqf uv¢vD. mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
nCpG sFfhfv iCshG zfnsvv
ˆhQ nCpG
WEfv iCshG Iusvv
ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp sisq pfq, sn (pKfnmsq) bfmfp sisq pfq.«
(hc}, mc}, dm} 601bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
nCpG sFfhfv iCshG zfnsvv
ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp ifq, sn
spb (nCpG Fcsh sostW) kfv hfjD vfjzfk bfmfp n©iâ jsv sbq. zfv sp hAdÙÁ
nCpG
WEfv iCshG Iusvv
ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp ifq, sn spb (nCp
G …sE sostW) kfv hfjD
vfjzfk bfmfp n©iâ jsv sbq.« (hc}, dm} 602bQ)
2. zbcv™i sjfb Ivp bfmfp iVsk Hcst dosq Kfjst kf n¹vB rWqf mfÛ
nk¶v sp sjfb
nmsq zKhf Ocdmsq dosq Kfjst ufofv iv …sE nk¶v sp sjfb nmsq zflfq jvf uv¢vD.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsj… Ocdmsq sost kf kfv SwdKtA bq. SwdKtA skf ufoak zh²¿fskƒ
rsq Kfsj. nckvfQ pJb sj… sjfb bfmfp iVsk Hcst pfsh zKhf Ocdmsq pfsh, kJb kfv
…dyk, kf n¹vB (hf ufoak) rWqf mfÛ
isV sbWqf. jfvB, zfïfr kfzftf hstb,
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46

ªzfmfsj n¹vB jvfv …sÜswA kcdm bfmfp jfsqm jv.« (mc}, dm} 604bQ, jc} 20/14)
3. dlb-lcisc v mndusl ucmzfr iVsk ˆsn ƒ¤Yfmk bIt bfmfp iVf dhsLq. ˆ
bfmfpW dbsNsLv zfWkfHcÙÁ
bq. (dm} 1046bQ)
4. Iusvv Ivp bfmfspv iCshG lc' vfjzfk ncâk iVsk nmq bf sist Ivspv iv kf
iVf pfq. zfïfrv vnCt  ˆjlf ˆj hAdÙÁsj slJstb Iusvv Ivp bfmfspv iv lc'
vfjXzfk bfmfp iVt. dkdb kfsj htstb, ªIusvv bfmfp skf lc' vfjzfk mfÛ!«

stfjde htt, `zfdm Ivspv iCshG lc' vfjzfk iVsk ifƒ db, ˆJb snef isV dbtfm.'
ˆ jKf wcsb dkdb bDvh Kfjstb. (zKGf{, smZbn©mdk ufbfstb.) (zflf}, dk}, dm} 1044)
5. jfvB-nfsi[ pfhkDq bfmfp pKfKG jfvB …id²¿k rWqf mfÛ
sp sjfb nmsqƒ iVf
pfq. spmb }-
j- jf'hf wvDsIv kWqfsIv iv lc' vfjzfk bfmfp. kWqfI swN rWqfv isvƒ sp
sjfb nmsq ‰ bfmfp iVf pfq. mrfbhD  hstb, ªsr zfsè mfbfsIv hQwLv!
dlhfvfsÛv sp sjfb nmsq sj… ˆ oxsrv kWqfI jsv bfmfp iVst kfsj skfmvf hfLf
dlW bf.« (zflf}, dk}, bf}, dm} 1045 bQ)
J- kfdrqAfkct mfndul (mndul-sntfmD) lc' vfjzfk bfmfp. sp sjfbW nmsq
mndul iashw jsv hnfv ƒ¤Yf jvst hnfv iCshG ˆƒ bfmfp iVsk rq. mrfbhD 
hstb, ªskfmfslv sj… mndul iashw jvst sn spb lc' vfjzfk bfmfp iVfv iCshG bf
hsn.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 704bQ)
o- nCpG hf y¦û oarsBv bfmfp. mrfbhD  hstb, ªnCpG W y¦û zfïfrv dblwGbnmCsrv
zbAkm. jfsvf u¦m hf mxkcAv jfvsB kfsk oarB tfso bf. nckvfQ oarB tfof slJst
skfmvf zfïfrv dbje lczf jv, kjhDv iV, bfmfp iV ˆhQ nljfr jv.« (hc}, mc}, dm}
1483 bQ)
O- ufbfpfv bfmfp. zfnv W Iuv bfmfspv ivW ufbfpfv bfmfp iVf pfsh. zhwA
swsNfÙÁ
dkb nmsq
ˆƒ bfmfp ShL bq. spmb iCshGfÙÁ
rflDsn
ˆ
jKf hdBGk rsqsY.
(zfuf} 130-131ix})
nckvfQ nfLfvB bIt bfmfp …ÙÁ
nmqÈdtsk dbdNÝ.
ksh zfnsvv iv nCpG rtclhBG
bf rWqf ipG§À dbdNÝ
bq. (dnn} 2549 bQ)

z
zÙÙÁÁ--ddhhNNqqj
jzzffssvvff ddj
jYYc c mmffnnffssqqt
t
1. sp hAdÙÁ
zÙÁ
swN rWqfv iCshG ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp sisq sbsh sn zÙÁ
sisq pfsh.
zKGf{, kfv bfmfp pKf nmsq zflfq rsqsY ˆhQ jfpf rq db hst oBA rsh. (hc}, mc}, dm}
601bQ) dhLfq sp hAdÙÁ
ˆj
vfjzfskv sysq jm bfmfp ifsh, sn nmq ifsh bf; zKGf{
kfv bfmfp pKfnmsq zflfq rsh bf ˆhQ kf jfpf hst oBA rsh. ksh ƒ¤YfjxkHfsh
dhbfgWusv swN nmsq bfmfp iVf ShL bq.
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47

klbcv™i pdl sjfb hAdÙÁ
ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp iVfv mk nmsqv iCshGƒ mcntmfb rq
zKhf sjfb mdrtf zbcv™i nmsq mfdnj sKsj idhÛf rq ksh
‰
zsÙÁv bfmfp kfslv
ubA jfpf jvf Wqfsuh.
spmb sjfb hAdÙÁ
pdl nCpG WEfv iCshG
ˆmb nmsq
ƒntfm oarB jsv, sp nmsqv msLA
mfÛ
ˆj vfjzfk Iusvv bfmfp iVstƒ nCpG …sE pfsh, kfrst ‰ hAdÙÁv ubA Iusvv

‰
bfmfp Ivp
ˆhQ kfsj jfpf iVsk rq. zbcv™i pdl sjfb ifot Îfb dIsv ifq
zKhf sjfb mdrtfv mfdnj há
rq, kfrst kfslv ubAW
‰
Iusvv bfmfp Ivp.
dEj kû™iƒ pdl sjfb mdrtf mfosvshv bfmfp bf isV Kfsj ˆhQ ˆkef nmq
zdkhfdrk rWqfv iv kfv mfdnj wcv¢ rsq pfq, pfv msLA ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp iVf
spk, kfrst ‰ mdrtfv ubA ‰ mfosvshv bfmfp Ivp. mfdnj sKsj ifj rWqfv isv
kfsj ‰ bfmfp jfpf iVsk rsh. (vfdI} 23-24ix})
2. ˆwfv bfmfp zLGvfdÛ
ipG§À slvD jsv iVf zfIpt rstW zfWqft zsÙÁ
ufmfzfk
rst ufmfzfskv nfsK zfWqft zsÙÁƒ iVf zfIpt. jfvB, ufmfzfsk bfmfp iVf
Wqfsuh.
3. Iusvv zfpfb rst 2 vfjzfk ncâfsk vfskhfr YfVf Ivp ipG§À zfv zbA sjfb
bfmfp sbƒ. mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA …id²¿k hAdÙÁ
zbcid²¿k hAdÙÁsj spb
si]ZsY slq sp, Iusvv (zfpfsbv) iv lc' vfjzfk (ncâk) YfVf zfv sjfb (bIt)
bfmfp isVf bf.« (zf}, zflf} 1278 bQ)
4. ufmfzfk JfVf rst Ivp bfmfp YfVf sjfb iajfsvv bIt W ncâk (zbcv™i ixKj
Ivp) bfmfp iVf ShL bq. (mc} iamcJ, dm} 1058 bQ)
5- ixdKhDv sp ²¿fsb dlb hf vfdÛ
zöfHfdhj tìf (spmb 6 mfn vfk, 6 mfn dlb) rq,
sn
²¿fsb 24 O¦ef drnfh jsv vfk-dlb Lsv drnfh mk i]fy zÙÁ
bfmfp iVsk rsh. sp

²¿fsb dlb hf vfk zöfHfdhj sYfe snJfsbW zf¦lfu jsv njt bfmfp zflfq jvf
uv¢vD. spmb lfÏft
ˆst dlb 1 hYv, 1 mfn W 1 nåfr idvmfB tìf rst,
öfHfdhj
dlb zbcmfb W drnfh jsv bfmfp iVsk htf rsqsY. (mc} 2137 bQ)

z
zffppffbb W
Wkkffvv mmffr
rffk
k¹¹AA
zfpfb Ivp ˆhQ kf slWqf rt IspG djIfqfr. zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªbfmfspv
nmq …id²¿k rst skfmfslv
ˆjub zfpfb slsh
ˆhQ skfmfslv msLA
sp hV sn

ƒmfmdk jvsh.« (hc} 628bQ, mc}, bf}, lf})
zfpfb ƒntfsmv zbAkm dblwGb W iakDj. sjfb oafm hf wrvhfnD kf kAfo jvst
ƒmfm (vfóºiaLfb) kfslv dhv¢sÝ
durfl jvshb. spmb mrfbhD  zdHpfsb sost sjfb
ubil sKsj zfpfsbv L¶db wcbst kfslv …iv zfÛÁmB jvskb bf. (hc} 610 bQ, mc})
nIsv ˆjf Kfjst zKhf mndul Jchƒ lCv rst ˆhQ zfpfb wcbsk bf ifWqf sost
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48

ˆjfƒ zfpfb W ƒjfmk dlsq bfmfp iVf ncâk. (Iƒ} 1/255)

zfpfb slWqfq (mczfpXspsbv ubA) vsqsY hV nWqfh W IpDtk. mrfb zfïfr
hstb, ªsn hAdÙÁ
zsi[f zfv jfv jKf
…{jxó,
sp hAdÙÁ
zfïfrv dlsj mfbcNsj
zfr¶fb jsv, n{jfu jsv ˆhQ hst zfdm ˆjub `mcndtm' (zfk¹nmiGBjfvD)?« (jc}
41/33)
diaq bhD  hstb, ªstfsj pdl zfpfb W iaKm jfkfsvv mfrfk¹A ufbk, zk}iv kf
tfsHv ubA tefdv jvf YfVf zfv zbA sjfb …ifq bf sik, kfrst kfvf tefdvƒ
jvk.« (hc} 615, mc} 437bQ)
ªzfïfr iaKm jfkfsvv …iv vrmk hNGB jsvb ˆhQ dIdvñfoB kfslv ubA [mf
iafKGbf jsv Kfsjb. mczfpXdpbsj kfv zfpfsbv zfWqfspv …¤ykf zbcpfqD [mf jvf
rq. kfv zfpfb wahBjfvD iaskAj nvn hf bDvn h²Â kfv jKfv nkAfqb jsv Kfsj.
kfv nfsK pfvf bfmfp isV kfslv njstv sbjDv nmidvmfB kfv sbjD tfH rq.«
(zfrml, bfnf„, nrDr kfvoDh 228bQ)
ªdjqfmskv dlb mczfpXdpbosBv olGfb zbAfbA stfsjslv sysq t©hf rsh.« (mc}387bQ)
ªsp hAdÙÁ hfsvf h{nv zfpfb slsh kfv ubA ufâfk Wqfsuh rsq pfsh. zfv
iaskAj dlb zfpfsbv lv¢b kfv zfmtbfmfq Nfede sbjD dtdihÝ jvf rsh ˆhQ kfv
ƒjfmskv lv¢b dtdihÝ rsh dÛwde sbjD.« (ƒhsb mfufr, lfvfjck¶bD, rfsjm, nrDr kfvoDh 240bQ)
ªsp sjfb mfbcN, du¶b hf zbA djYc mczfpXdpsbv zfpfsbv wè wcbsk ifsh, snƒ
mczfpXdpsbv ubA djqfmskv dlb nf[A ialfb jvsh.« (hcJfvD 609 bQ)

z
zffppffssbbvv i
ifa fa vvdd©©H
Hjjƒ
ƒddk
krrffnn
mÄfq zh²¿fbjfst mrfbhD  kKf mcndtmoB dhbf zfpfsb bfmfp isVsYb.
zk}iv mlDbfq druvk jvst druvD 1m (mkf§Àsv 2q) nsb zfpfb Ivp rq. (Ihf}
2/78)
njt mcntmfbsj ˆjsÛ
nmshk jsv ufmfzfkhÝHfsh bfmfp iVfv ubA
ˆmb
ˆj
dudbsnv iasqfub dYt, pf wcsb hf slsJ k]fvf umf rsk ifvskb.
ˆ
usbA k]fvf iChG
sKsjƒ mndusl …id²¿k rsq bfmfspv zsi[f jvskb.
ˆ
msmG k]fvf
ˆjdlb ivfmwG
jvstb; sj… htstb, `bfnfvfslv O¦efv mk zfmvfW O¦ef hAhrfv jvh.' sj… sj…
htstb, `hvQ ƒqfùlDslv wxsÌv mk wxÌ
hAhrfv jvh.' rpvk
…mfv
htstb,
`hvQ bfmfspv iadk zfr¶fb jvfv ubA ˆjde stfjsj (odt-odt) ifdEsq dlst sjmb
rq?' dj§Â
mrfbhD  htstb,
ªsr dhtft! WE, bfmfspv ubA zfr¶fb jv.«(hc} 604 , mc})
sj… htstb, `bfmfspv nmq mndusl ˆjde ikfjf …sÙftb jvf srfj. stfsjvf kf
slsJ
ˆsj zivsj bfmfspv nmq ufdbsq slsh.' dj§Â
mrfbhD

ˆ
nh iY¦l jvstb
bf. (zflf} 498bQ) idvswsN dkdb ˆjde O¦ef dbmGfsBv zfslw dlstb. ˆƒ zhnsv
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49

zfècïfr dhb pfql

ösi´ slJstb, ˆj hAdÙÁ
O¦ef rfsk pfs¤Y. zfècïfr hstb,
zfdm kfsj httfm, `sr zfïfrv hf¦lf! O¦efde dhÛÁq jvsh?' stfjde htt,
`ˆef
dbsq dj jvsh?' zfdm httfm, `Wef dlsq stfsjslvsj bfmfspv ubA zfr¶fb jvh.'
stfjde htt, `zfdm skfmfsj ˆv yfƒsk …Ùm dudbsnv jKf hst slh bf dj?' zfdm
httfm, `zhwAƒ.'
kJb ‰ hAdÙÁ
zfècïfrsj zfpfb W ƒjfmk dwdJsq dlt. zk}iv njft rst dkdb
vnCt  ˆv dbje …id²¿k rsq
ösi´v jKf Jcst htstb. nh djYc wcsb mrfbhD 
htstb, ªƒb wfzfïfr! ˆde nkA öi´. zkˆh kcdm dhtfstv nfsK l]fVfW ˆhQ ösi´
spmb (zfpfb) wcsbY dEj skmdb dhtftsj wcbfW; sn ‰ nh hst zfpfb dljX. jfvB,
dhtfstv zfWqfu skfmfv sysq …¤y.«
zk}iv zfècïfr
ösi´ iafå
zfpfsbv
‰
wèÈstf dhtft
sj wcbfsk tfostb

ˆhQ dhtft


…¤yösv zfpfb dlsk wcv¢ jvstb. …mfv
dbu Ov rskƒ zfpfsbv
wè wcbsk sisq yflv sY]yXsV (kfVfkfdV) shv rsq mrfbhD  ˆv dbje …id²¿k
rstb; htstb, `snƒ nÙfv jnm, sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfdmW (20 dlb iCshG) ösi´ ‰v™i
slsJdY.' zfïfrv vnCt  k]fsj htstb, ªzkˆh pfhkDq iawQnf zfïfrvƒ.« (zf},
zflf} 498-499, dk} 189, ƒmf} 706bQ)

z
zffppffssbbvv w
wèèffhht
tDD
mrfbhD  ˆv mczfpXdpb dYt smfe 4 ub. mlDbfq 2 ub; dhtft dhb vfhfr W
zfmXv dhb …s©m mfjkCm jcvfwD. zfmXv dYstb zá.zfv jchfq dYstb nf'l zft-jcpXG.
mÄfq zfhC mfrpCvfr zfWn dhb mcoDvfr ucmfrD. (pfmf} 1/124)
zfècïfr dhb pfql
ˆv hdBGk dhtft
ˆv zfpfb dYt dbm´v™i}-


1#
ْ

5‫( א‬zfïf-ù zfjhfv) 4 hfv.



5‫
א‬OM>0
90>
OM
‫ @)

ن‬2

 (zfwrflc zftX tf
ƒtf-rf ƒïfïf-r) 2 hfv.



5‫  ل
א‬E
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ن‬2

 (zfwrflc zfâf mcrf©mflfv vfnCtcïf-r) 2 hfv.




< ‫
א‬n+
<N
 (rfƒqAf zftfn n¶tf-r) 2 hfv.



…- ْ ‫
א‬n+
<N
 (rfƒqAf zftft Iftf-r) 2 hfv.


1#
ْ

5‫( א‬zfïf-ù zfjhfv) 2 hfv.



5‫
א‬OM>0
90>
M (tf
ƒtf-rf ƒïfïf-r) 1 hfv. (zf}, zflf} 499bQ)
zfhC mfrpCvfr
sj zfïfrv vnCt  dbm´v™i zfpfb dwdJsqdYstb}-
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50

1#
ْ

5‫א‬ (zfïfr nhfv sysq mrfb) 4 hfv.



5‫
א‬OM>0
9/0>
OM
‫ @)

ن‬/2
 (zfdm nf[A dld¤Y sp, zfïfr dHâ sjfb nkA …ifnA sbƒ.)
2hfv ycsi ycsi.



5‫  ل
א‬/E<
ً‫)א‬/<:
 4
<‫ @)

ن‬/2
 (zfdm nf[A dld¤Y sp, mcrf©mfl  zfïfrv vnCt.) 2
hfv ycsi ycsi.
icbvfq


5‫
א‬OM>0
90>
OM
‫ @)

ن‬2 
2hfv
…¤yösv.



5‫  ل
א‬E
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<‫ @)

ن‬2

 2hfv
…¤yösv.




< ‫
א‬n+
<N
 (ˆn bfmfspv ubA) 2 hfv.



…- ْ ‫
א‬n+
<N



(ˆn mcdÙÁv ubA) 2 hfv.


1#
ْ

5‫( א‬zfïfr nhfv sysq mrfb) 2 hfv.



5‫
א‬OM>0
90>
M


(zfïfr dHâ sjfb nkA mf'hCl sbƒ.) 1 hfv.
zfv ˆƒ zfpfbsj `kfvuD' zfpfb' htf rq. (zf}, zflf} 500bQ, dk}, bf}, ƒmf})
Iusvv zfpfb rst

…- ْ ‫
א‬n+
<N ˆv isv 2hfv htsk rq،


‫ م‬/<"‫
א‬34D
|1 V


 
< ‫( א‬zfnXn¶tf-kc Jfƒv¢m dmbfbX bfWmX. zKGf{, dbûf zsi[f bfmfp
…Ùm. (‰)

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1. zfpfb spb kfv wèdhbAfsnv dhivDk bf rq. pfv iv sp hfjA iv±iv ndÏk
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hst sIst, kfrst icbvfq

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pKf zbcÛÁsm zfpfb swN jvsh. (I…} 1/348)
2. ˆjef hfjA htfv iv zbA hfjA htsk spb shwD slvD bf rq. mfƒj ƒkAfdl dEj
jvsk dosq hf zbA sjfb jfvsB dhvdk zdLj rst icbvfq wcv¢ sKsj zfpfb dlsk rsh.
3. zfpfb spb bfmfspv zÙÁ
wcv¢ rWqfv iCshG bf rq. spsrkc zsÙÁv iCshG zfpfb psKó

bq. (mcobD 1/445)
iCshG dlsq sItst zÙÁ
rst icbvfq zfpfb slWqf uv¢vD. (zfmf}
2/166) ˆjlf rpvk dhtft  (Iusvv) zfpfb Iuv …lq rWqfv zfsoƒ dlsq
sIstdYstb. mrfbhD  k]fsj zfslw jvstb sp, dkdb spb dIsv dosq hstb,
`swfsbf! hf¦lf OcdmsqdYt. swfsbf! hf¦lf OcdmsqdYt.' (zKGf{ Ocsmv sOfsv nmq hcUsk
ifdv db.) (zflf} 532bQ)
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4. zfpfsbv wèfhtD zfvhD. dHâ HfNfq (zbchfl jsv) zfpfb skf wcÝ
bqƒ; iv§Â
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zfvhD wèÈstfv
…¤yfvsB Hct jvfW ShL bq. nckvfQ pdl zfpfsbv ˆmb …¤yfvB jvf
rq, pfsk kfv zKG hlst pfq, kfrst zfpfb wcÝ
bq. spmb,

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zfjhfv' (iaKmjfv zfdtsI efb dlsq) htf. ˆv zKG rsh, `zfïfr dj nhfv sysq
mrfb?' zfïfrv mrfbkfq ns¦lr sifNB jsv ˆ Lvsbv iaw´shfLj hfjA htst mfbcN
jfsIv rsq pfq. bf susb htst jfsIv bf rstW zfpfb wcÝ
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5‫` א‬zfïfù zfjhf-v' (zfjhfsvv swsN efb dlsq) htst ˆv
zKG l]fVfsh, `zfïfr ˆjmcsJf khtf!' zKhf `zfïfr zfjhf-v (ˆj wqkfsbv bfm)!
bf†pc dhïfdr dmb pfdtj.
zbcv™i spJfsb efb zfsY snJfsb bf efbf ˆhQ spJfsb efb sbƒ snJfsb efb slWqf,
‫ع‬

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ˆv mk zKhf kfv dhivDk,

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(sYfe sr
hf rf)ˆv mk zKhf kfv dhivDk …¤yfvB, `Iftfr' W `n¶ftfr' htfv nmq `r'ˆv
…¤yfvB hfl dlsq `Iftf' W `nftf' htf, spv-phv iaHdx k …¬efif¬ef jvf ƒkAfdl
zfpfsbv zKG hlst slq. ˆsk zfpfb wcÝ
rq bf.
5. zfpfsbv nm²À wèfhtD sofbf-o]fKf. ˆv …iv djYc zdkdvÙÁ
jvf dhlzfk.mrfbhD
 hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
zfmfslv
ˆ
(äDsbv) hAfifsv sjfb bkcb djYc
…ßfhb jvsh, pf
kfv z§ÀHÙcG Á
bq, kf iakAfJAfk.«
(hc}, mc})
kfƒ `rfƒqAf zftf Jfƒdvt zfmft,' `zfwrflc zfâf nfƒdqAlfbf---' iaHdx k hfVdk
wè W hfjA dhlzfk. (IfkfWqf mcdr©mfr kfkfzfïfjc dhnXntfr, ƒhsb hfp 34ix})
klbcv™i Iuv YfVf zbA zsÙÁv zfpfsb `zfnXn¶tfkc Jfƒv¢m--' htf ShL bq. ƒhsb
…mfv
ˆdesj dhlzfk hstsYb ˆhQ kf wcsb sn zfpfsbv mndul kAfo jsvsYb.
(zflf} 538bQ)
zbcv™i zfpfsbv iv zfpfsbv mk dydïsq `bfmfp iV' ƒkAfdl htfW dhlzfk. (Iƒ}
1/252)
iajfw sp, Iusvv zfpfsb `zfnXn¶tfkc Jfƒv¢m--' htsk Hcst sost zfpfsbv sjfb
[dk rq bf. (I…} 1/349)
zfpfb dlsk dlsk zdk iasqfusb jKf htfq slfN sbƒ. (hc}, Ihf} 2/116)
sjfb jfvsB zfpfb dlsk dlsk mczfpXdpb kf swN jvsk bf ifvst zbA hAdÙÁ
bkcb
jsv wcv¢ sKsj zfpfb slsh.
sei-svjFGfsvv mfLsm zfpfb wcÝ
bq. jfvB, zfpfb ˆj ƒhflk. (mcm} 2/61-62)

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1. mczfpXdpb spb `mcndtm' W Îfbn©iâ (nfhftj hf bfhftj) icv¢N rq. sjfb

mdrtfv ubA (icv¢N-mrst) zfpfb slWqf ShL bq; dlst sn zfpfb wcÝ
bq. (mcobD
1/459)
2. mczfpXdpb rsh nc¦lv ydvsÛv zdLjfvD. pfsk kfv zfpfb wcsb jfsvf msb (zfpfsbv
iadk) dhkxòf W OxBfv
…sûj bf rq. (jfhDvf sofbfr jsv ˆmb) Ifsnsjv zfpfb pdlW
wcÝ,
khcW sjfb Ifsnjsj mnduslv mczfpXdpb dbsqfo jvf dEj bq. (mcobD 1/449)
3. snƒ hAdÙÁƒ rsh spfoA mczfpXdpb, sp zfpfsbv wèfhtDv pKfKG …¤yfvB jvsk
n[m.
4. …ipcÙÁ
mczfpXdpb snƒ, sp zfpfb slWqfv …iv sjfb ifdvwadmj sbq bf. ˆjlf
…nmfb zfdht zfn
zfïfrv vnCt  sj htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfsj
zfmfv jWsmv ƒmfm hfdbsq dlb.' dkdb htstb, ªkcdm Wslv ƒmfm. (ksh) Wslv
msLA nhsysq lcht G hAdÙÁv jKf sJqft jsv
ƒmfmdk (W bfmfp rfîf) jsvf. zfv ˆmb
mczfpXdpb svsJf, sp zfpfb slWqfv dhdbmsq sjfb shkb sbsh bf.« (mc}, zflf} 531, dk}
209, bf}, ƒmf} 987bQ, rf} 5/3)
zhwA kfv djYc sbWqfv …sÜwA bf Kfjfv isvW pdl kfsj djYc ifdvwadmj slWqf
rq, kfrst kf oarB jvfq slfN sbƒ. dj§Â
…sÜwA pdl shkb ifWqfƒ rq zKhf bfm
sbWqf hf stfj-ialwGb rq, ksh kfv ‰ zfmt sYfe dwsjG idvodBk rsh. (dvnftfkcb
ƒtf mczfpXdpb 42-45 û})
5. zfpfb slWqfv ubA Wpc uv¢vD bq. jfvB, ˆ hAfifsv nrDr rflDn sbƒ. (ƒo}
1/240, Ihf} 2/135)
6. zfpfb dlsk rsh …]yc ²¿fsb; pfsk kfv wè yfdvdlsj YdVsq isV. ƒhsb …mfv

…sev …iv ysV zfpfb dlskb. (hf}, ƒo} 226bQ) dhtft

zfpfb dlskb bfÏfv
sofsÛv
ˆj mdrtfv Osvv Yfsl
…sE. jfvB, mnduslv zfswifsw nm²À Osvv sysq kfv
Ovefƒ dYt shwD …]yc. zfv zfècïfr dhb wfjDj hstb, `ncâfr (mrfbhD  ˆv kvDjf)
rt dmbfsv zfpfb slWqf ˆhQ mnduslv dHkv ƒjfmk slWqf.' (ƒzfwf} 2331 bQ)
zhwA ˆ iasqfub mfƒsj dmdesq slq. dj§Â
mfƒj-Ov dmbfsvv …isv jvst ncâk
iftsb Û¢de rq bf
ˆhQ zfpfb ytf zh²¿fq mfƒj há
rstW zfpfb icvf jvf pfq.
7. l]fdVsq zfpfb slWqfƒ ncâk. ƒhbct mcbdpv hstb, `p]fslv dbje rsk ƒtm
nQv[B jvf rq k]fvf ˆ dhNsq ˆjmk sp, mczfpXdpsbv l]fdVsq zfpfb slWqfƒ ncâk.'
(ƒo} 1/241)
zhwA sjfb zncdhLfv s[sÛ
hsn zfpfb slWqfW slfNfhr bq. spmb nfrfhD zfhC
pfql
sjfb durfsl dosq k]fv if [k rst hsn zfpfb dlskb. (zfNvfm, hf} 1/392,
ƒo} 225bQ)
8. zfpfsbv nmq sjhtfmcJ rWqf mc²Àfrfh. iCshG …sïdJk zfècïfr dhb pfqslv
rflDsnv ˆj hBGbfq zfsY sp, ˆj dIdvñf zfnmfb sKsj zhkDBG rsq
ˆj sifsVf
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hfdVv slWqfstv …iv sjhtfmcsJ JfVf rstb---. (mcnbfl ƒnrfj dhb vfrWqfƒr, ƒo} 1/250)
zfpfsbv wcv¢sk `dhndmïfr' htsk rsh ˆmb sjfb iamfB ifWqf pfq bf. htf …Ùm
rst dbÇyq
ˆv sjfb dbslGw Kfjk. (dvnftfkcb
ƒtf mczfpXdpb 51ix})
9. wè sufv jvfv …sÜswA lcƒ jfsb zfÌct svsJ sbWqf ncâk. dhtft
zfpfb
slWqfv nmq jfsb zfÌct vfJskb. (zf}, dk}, rf}, ƒo} 230bQ) zhwA zfÌct slWqfef
uv¢vD bq. spmb ƒhsb …mfv
zfpfb slWqfv nmq jfsb zfÌct vfJskb bf. (hc},
Ihf} 2/135)
ƒhsb rfufv (v}) hstb, `dbdlGó
jsv sjfbX zfÌctsj jfsb vfJsk rsh sn dhNsq
sjfb dbslGw zfsn db.' (Ihf} 2/137)
10.
10. …ipcÙÁ
mczfpXdpb snƒ hAdÙÁ,
pfv otfv zfWqfsu sufv shwD. spsrkc
…sÜwA
rt shwD shwD stfjsj bfmfspv nmq ufdbsq mnduslv dlsj zfr¶fb jvf. kfƒ skf
nfrfhD zfècïfr dhb pfql
ˆv mfLAsm zfpfsbv nCybf rstW mczfpXdpb rstb dhtft

. zfv kfv ubAƒ mrfbhD  zfècïfr

sj htstb, ªkcdm zfpfsbv wèÈstf
dhtftsj dwdJsq lfW. jfvB, skfmfv sysq Wv otfv sufv shwD.« (zf}, zflf} 499bQ iamcJ)
zsbsj hstsYb, ˆƒ nfsK j÷öv dmdó
rWqfW mc²Àfrfh. jfvB, kfrst zfpfb wcsb
mfbcsNv r™lq bvm rsh ˆhQ jfsvf msb zfpfsbv iadk dhkxòf u¦mfsh bf. (mcobD
1/428)
sjfb dbuGb iaf§Àsv ˆjf rstW bfmfspv nmq sufvlfv wsè zfpfb slWqf …Ùm.
mrfbhD  zfècïfr dhb zfècv vrmfb
sj hstdYstb, ªzfdm slJdY, kcdm Yfot-
sH]Vf W mv¢-mqlfb iY¦l jv. nckvfQ kcdm pJb skfmfv Yfot-sH]Vfv nfsK mv¢-
mqlfsb Kfjsh ˆhQ bfmfspv (nmq rst) zfpfb slsh, kJb spb …¤yösv zfpfb dlW.
jfvB, mfbcN, dub zKhf sp sj…ƒ mczfpXdpsbv nfmfbA wèW wcbsk ifsh, sn kfv ubA
djqfmsk nf[A slsh.« (mf}, hc}, bf}, ƒmf}, dm} 656bQ)
…¤yöv
hfdÒk hstƒ zfpfsb mfƒsÛÁfsIfb hAhrfv (dhlzfk) lCNbDq bq. hvQ
ˆ

ubA mfƒj mcndtmslv is[ zfïfrv ˆj dhswN sbqfmk. (mcm} 2/46)
11.
11. zfpfb W ƒjfmsk kjhDsvv wè ˆjef ˆjef jsv ixKj ixKj bf htf; hvQ
sufVf sufVf ˆj nfsK htf dhsLq. spsrkc mrfbhD  hstb, ªmczfpXdpb pJb hst,
`zfïfù zfjXhfv, zfïfù zfjXhfv' ˆhQ skfmfslv sj… kfv uWqfsh hst, `zfïfù
zfjXhfv, zfïfù zfjXhfv'---.« (mc}, zflf}, bf}, nkf} 244bQ)
12.
12. zfpfb sesb sesb rstW ofsbv mk nctdtk js÷ tìf efb efbf mjv™r. ntIslv
ˆj ufmfzfk ˆv™i efbfsj ziY¦l jsvsYb. mfstj dhb zfbfn iamcJ …tfmfosBv
dbje kf mjv™r hst hdBGk zfsY. (kfthDnc ƒhtDn, ƒhbct ufWpD 168ix}) …mfv dhb
zfèct zfpDspv pcso ˆjub mczfpXdpb zfpfsb ofsbv mk efb dlst dkdb kfsj
htstb, `nfLfvB (nflf-dnLf) Hfsh zfpfb lfW. bsy{ zfmfslv dbje sKsj lCv rsq
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pfW!' (ƒzfwf}, hc}, Ihf} 2/105)

13.
13. `rfƒqAf zftfn ntf-r' W `---Iftf-r' htfv nmq Ffsb-hfsm mcJ dIvfsbf
ncâk. zfhC ucrfƒIfr hstb, zfdm dhtftsj zfpfb dlsk slsJdY. dkdb `rfƒqAf
zftfn ntf-r, rfƒqAf zftft Iftf-r' htfv nmq k]fv mcJsj ˆdlj Wdlj Ffsb-hfsm
dIvfskb. (hc} 634bQ, mc}, zflf} 520bQ, bf})
2 hfv `rfƒqAf zftfn n¶tfr' htfv nmq Ffb dlsj ˆhQ `---Iftf-r' htfv nmq
hfm dlsj mcJ dIvfsbf pfq. ˆv™i zfmtƒ …ÙÁ
rflDsnv zsKGv jfYfjfdY. i[f§Àsv
iaKmhfv `rfƒqA zftfn ntf-r' htfv nmq Ffb dlsj, kfviv däkDqhfv htfv nmq
hfm dlsj, zbcv™i `---Iftf-r' htfv nmq Ffb dlsj ˆhQ däkDqhfv htfv nmq hfm
dlsj mcJ dIvfstW yst.
ˆsk
…Hq dlsjƒ …Hq hfjAƒ htf rq. (Ihf} 2/136) …ÙÁ

…Hq iajfv zfmstv msLA sjfb
ˆjdesj dbdlGó
jvfv hAfifsv sjfb nrDr rflDn sbƒ.
zfpfb mfƒsÛÁfsIfsb Osvv dHksv rstW
…ÙÁ
ncâfk kAfo jvf …dyk bq. (dvnftfkcb
ƒtf mczfpXdpb 30ix})
14.
14. mczfpXdpsbv jkGhA pKf nmsq zfpfb slWqf. jfvB, kfv zfpfsbv …iv
stfsjslv bfmfp-svfpf wcÝ-zwcÝ
rWqf dbHGv jsv. znmsq zfpfb dlst bfmfp W
svfpf bó
rWqfv zfwËf Kfsj. nckvfQ nmq susb zfpfb slWqf uv¢vD. zfïfrv vnCt
 hstb, ªmczfpXdpboB stfsjslv bfmfp W snrvDv dus©mlfv.« (hf} 1/426, ƒv} 1/239)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªƒmfm (stfsjslv) pfdmb, zfv mczfpXdpb rt kfslv (bfmfp-
svfpfv) dus©mlfv. sr zfïfr! kcdm ƒmfmoBsj iKialwGb jv ˆhQ mczfpXdpboBsj
[mf jsv lfW.« ˆj hAdÙÁ
htt,
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jKf wcdbsq zfidb skf zfmfslvsj zfpfsb
iadkspfdokf jvsk tfdosq dlstb.' dkdb htstb,
ªskfmfslv isv
ˆmb pco zfnsh,
sp pcsov dbjxó
swaBDv mfbcNvfƒ rsh mczfpXdpb.« (zf}, kfh}, hf}, ƒhsb zfnfsjv iamcJ, ƒv} 217bQ)

z
zffppffssbbvv u
uWWqqffhh
zfpfb wcv¢ rst yci sKsj wcsb kfv uWqfh slWqf dhsLq (ncâk). mczfpXdpb `zfïfù
zfjhfv' htst, swafkfW kfv uhfsh `zfïfù zfjhfv' htsh. mczfpXdpb `zfwrflc
zft tf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr, zfwrflc zfâf mcrf©mflfv vfnCtïc fr' htst swafkf htsh,
`zzfbf, zzfbf.' zKGf{ zfdmW nfd[ dld¤Y, zfdmW. (zflf} 526bQ)
ˆƒ nmq dbsm´v lczfW htsk rq}-

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(nfïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfmf) vfnCtf] … zdht ƒntfdm lDbf.

zKGf{, zfdmW nf[A dld¤Y sp, zfïfr YfVf sj… nkA …ifnA sbƒ, dkdb ˆjj, k]fv
sjfb zQwD sbƒ ˆhQ mcrf©mfl  k]fv hf¦lf W vnCt. zfïfr zfmfv iadkiftj
rWqfv hAfifsv, mcrf©mfl  vnCt rWqfv hAfifsv ˆhQ ƒntfm zfmfv äDb rWqfv
hAfifsv zfdm n§Âó.
ˆƒ lczf iVst sofbfrnmCr mfI rsq pfq. (mc} 386, zflf} 525bQ, dk}, bf}, ƒmf})
zfpfsb mrfbhD  ˆv bfm wcsb syfsJ zfÌct hctfsbf dhlzfk.
ˆ
hAfifsv hdBGk
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ƒhsb kfsrv, dvnftfkcb ƒtf mczfpXdpb 56ix}) zbcv™i snƒ nmq
zfÌcst ycmc JfWqfW dhlzfk.
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zKGf{, zfïfrv kWIDj YfVf ifijmG kAfo jvf ˆhQ n{jmG jvfv nfLA jfsvf sbƒ.
(mc}, zflf} 527bQ)
mczfpXdpb `zfnXn¶tfkc Jfƒv¢m dmbfb bf…m' htst zbcv™i hst uWqfh dlsk rsh.
ˆv uWqfsh zbA sjfb lczf (spmb `n¶flfj·kf zhfdvvkf hf hfvfvkf--' htfv rflDn
sbƒ. (nchtc nc nftfm 87ix}, kczf} 1/525)
zfpfb swN rst mrfbhD  ˆv …iv lv™l ifE jsv dbsm´v lczf iVst djqfmsk
k]fv ncifdvw bnDh rsh;

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mcrf©mflfdbt znDtfkf ztIfpDtfr, zhzfnù mfj¶f-mfm mfrmClfdbïfpD zzfÙfrX.«
zKGf{, sr zfïfr! sr ˆƒ idviCBG zfrhfb W iadkôftfHjfvD bfmfspv iaHc! kcdm
mcrf©mfl  sj znDtfr (ufâfskv nc…¤y ²¿fb) ˆhQ mpGflf lfb jv. zfv k]fsj snƒ
mfj¶fsm mfrmCl (iawQdnk ²¿fsb) siavB jsvf pfv iadkwa¢dk kcdm k]fsj lfb jsvY. (hc}
614bQ, zflf}, dk}, bf}, ƒmf})
iajfw sp, …ÙÁ
lczfv mfsU
ƒhsb ncâDv hBGbfq `zÜfvfufkfv vfIDzfr', (klbcv™i
stfsjslv hBGbfq `nfƒdqAlfbf mcrf©mflfb', zvpcj¶bf wfIfzfkfù') ˆhQ swsN
hfƒrfjDv hBGbfq zdkdvÙÁ
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bq.
(ƒv} 1/261)
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªmczfpXdpbsj zfpfb dlsk wcbst skfmvfW Wv mkƒ ht.
zk}iv zfmfv …iv lv™l ifE jv; sjb bf, sp hAdÙÁ
zfmfv
…iv
ˆjhfv lv™l ifE
jsv, zfïfr ˆv dhdbmsq kfv …iv lwhfv vrmk hNGB jsvb. zk}iv skfmvf zfmfv
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56

ubA zfïfrv dbje znDtf iafKGbf jv; jfvB, znDtf rt ufâfskv ˆmb ˆj nc…¤y
²¿fb, pf zfïfrv hf¦lfslv msLA ˆjde hf¦lfv ubA …ipcÙÁ.
zfv zfdm zfwf vfdJ sp,
snƒ hf¦lf zfdmƒ. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ
zfmfv ubA
‰
znDtf iafKGbf jvsh, kfv ubA
zfmfv wfIfzfk (ncifdvw) zhLfpG rsq pfsh.« (mc} iamcJ, dm} 657bQ)
zfpfsbv iCshG wcv¢sk (…¤yösv hf mfƒsÛÁfsIfsb) lv™l hf knhDr ifE ˆhQ zbcv™i
swsNW lv™l hf …ÙÁ
lczf (sufsv-swfsv) ifE dhlzfk. dwJfhfv
…sÜswAW zfïfrv
bhD  hf ntIslv sj…ƒ ˆv™i jsv pfb db. (ƒhsb hfp, Ihf} 2/92, eDjf) spmb zfpfb
W ƒjfmskv wcv¢sk `dhndmïfr' iVf dhlzfk. (mcm} 1/132) kû™i …isvfÙÁ ‰ lczf
iVfv nmq rfk skftfW dhsLq bq. dhsLq bq zfpfb ðv¢ rst mdrtfslv mfKfq jfiV
sbWqf.
ÎfkhA sp, zfpfsbv uWqfh slsh iaskAj snƒ hAdÙÁ pfv ubA zfïfrv dpjXv jvf
ShL. zkˆh idhÛ zh²¿fq, zidhÛ hf mfdnj zh²¿fq bfvD-icv¢N njstv ubAƒ
zfpfsbv uWqfh slWqf mc²Àfrfh. zhwA bfmfp iVf zh²¿fq, ianafh-ifqJfbf jvf zKhf
hfKv¢sm Kfjf zh²¿fq ˆhQ ²ÃD-dmtb vk zh²¿fq zfpfsbv …Ùv slWqf ShL bq. ˆnh
jfu sKsj Ifsvo rWqfv iv hfjD zfpfsbv …Ùv slWqf dhsLq.
sp hAdÙÁ jcvzfb sktfzk hf dpjXv jsv zKhf lnG slq sn hAdÙÁ kf há svsJ
zfpfsbv uWqfh dlsq icbvfq kf sYsV vfJf ufqof sKsj ðv¢ jvsh. (dInc} 1/87)
JfWqfv nmq zfpfb rst sJsk sJskW zfpfsbv uWqfh dlsk
ˆhQ kfviv lczf
iVsk sjfb hfLf sbƒ. (I…} 1/532)
zfpfsbv nmq lczf jhct rsq Kfsj. (zflf}, rf}, nuf} 3079 bQ)

mmnnddu
ull YYffV
Vff z
zbbAA ²
²f¿ f¿ ssbb z
zffppffbb
Hq, wÛ¢kf iaHdx kv jfvsB mndusl spsk hfLf Kfjst, mndul hù lCsv rst (ˆhQ
zfpfb wcbsk bf sist), nIsv sjfb dbuGb iaf§Àsv Kfjst, sp ufqofq Kfjsh snƒ
ufqofskƒ bfmfspv nmq rst zfpfb-ƒjfmk dlsq bfmfp zflfq jvsk rsh. ˆjf
rst zfpfb Wqfsuh bf rstW ncâk zhwAƒ hse.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªpJb nIsv Kfjsh, kJb skfmvf zfpfb dlW ˆhQ ƒjfmk dlW.
zfv skfmfslv msLA sp hV sn ƒmfmdk jsvf.« (hc}, dm} 682bQ)
kfYfVf zfïfrv bhD  ˆhQ nfrfhfoB nIsv Kfjst I]fjf mfsE zfpfb dlsq bfmfp
isVsYb. (mc} 681bQ, iamcJ)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmfv iadkiftj dhd±mk rb ihGk yCVfq snƒ Yfostv
vfJftsj slsJ sp bfmfspv ubA zfpfb dlsq (snJfsbƒ) bfmfp zflfq jsv; zfïfr
zfppf zufïX hstb, ªskfmvf zfmfv ˆƒ hf¦lfsj t[A jv, (ˆmb ufqofskW) zfpfb
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57

dlsq bfmfp jfsqm jvsY! sn zfmfsj Hq jsv. zfdm kfsj [mf jsv dltfm ˆhQ
ufâfsk iashw jvftfm.« (zflf}, bf}, nkf} 239 bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªsjfb hAdÙÁ
pJb sjfb hx[-ifdbrDb iaf§Àsv Kfsj, zk}iv snJfsb
bfmfspv nmq …id²¿k rq, kJb sn spb Wpc jsv. ifdb bf sist spb kfqf©mcm jsv.
zk}iv sn pdl wcLc ƒjfmk dlsq bfmfp isV, kfrst kfv nfsK kfv nÌD lcƒ dIdvñf
bfmfp isVb. dj§Â
sn pdl zfpfb dlsq W
ƒjfmk dlsq bfmfp isV, kfrst kfv
iÇyfsk zfïfrv ˆk dIdvñf bfmfp isVb, pfslv lcƒ iaf§À busv zfsn bf!« (zfvf},
nkf} 241bQ)
zfv ˆjlf dkdb zfècïfr dhb zfècv vrmfbsj mv¢HCdmsk Yfoifst Kfjfjfst
bfmfspv ubA …¤ywsè zfpfb dlsk zfslw jsvdYstb. (hc} iamcJ, dm} 656bQ)

j
jffppff bbffmmffssppvv u
ubbAA z
zffppffbb
mndusl sj… zfpfb bf dlst ˆhQ wrsv hf oafsm Kfjsk njstv bfmfp jfpf rst
zKhf nIsv icsvf ufmfzfskv hf ˆjfjDv bfmfp jfpf rst znmsqW zfpfb-ƒjfmk
dlsq bfmfp iVf jkGhA.
ˆjlf mrfbhD  nfrfhfnr nIsv KfjfjftDb k]fslv Iusvv bfmfp jfpf rsq pfq.
nCpG WEfv iv sku rsq ˆst ‰ ²¿fb kAfo jsv zbA
²¿fsb dosq dhtft
zfpfb slb.
zk}iv pKf dbqsm Iusvv bfmfp zflfq jsvb. (mc} 681bQ, iamcJ)
spmb J¦lsjv pcsÝv nmq
ˆjlf njstv yfv zsÙÁv bfmfp rst,
ˆwfv iv zfpfb
dlsq spfrv, zfnv, mfodvh W
ˆwfv bfmfp zflfq jsvdYstb. (zf} iamcJ, ƒv} 1/257)

nmq ifv rst zfpfb

bfmfspv nmq hfjD Kfjst ˆhQ zfpfsbv pKf nmq ifv rsq sost Jch slvDsk rstW
zfpfb dlsqƒ bfmfp iVsk rsh. zhwA oafsm hf wrsv zbAfbA mndusl zfpfb rsq
Kfjst sp mndusl zfpfb dlsk Jch slvD rsq sosY sn mndusl zfpfb bf dlstW ytsh.
ksh slvD nfmfbA rst zfpfb slWqfƒ …Ùm. dj§Â
oafsm
ˆ
YfVf zbA mndul bf Kfjst
Jch slvD rsq sostW zfpfb slWqf uv¢vD. (I} ƒhsb hfp, dvnftfkcb ƒtf mczfpXdpb 67ix}, kcƒ} 77ix})

Jfn mdrtfmrst mdrtfslv zfpfb W ƒjfmk

rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) ˆv zfpfb W ƒjfmk slWqfv hAfifsv hdBGk rflDn nrDr bq.
zhwA hfƒrfjDsk zfsY, zfmXv dhb zfhD nftfmfr hstb, zfdm nWhfbsj duÎfnf
jvtfm sp, `smsqvf dj
ƒjfmk dlsk ifsv?' …Ùsv dkdb k]fv dikf rsk hBGbfv jKf

…sïJ jsv htstb, `mjùt hstsYb, pdl mdrtfvf zfpfb-ƒjfmk slq ksh kf
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58

zfIpt. zfv pdl wcLc ƒjfmk slq, ksh kfW psKó.' nWhfb hstb, pcrvD …vWqf
rsk ˆhQ dkdb rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) rsk hBGbf jsvsYb sp, dkdb (zfsqwf) hstsYb,
`zfmvf dhbf ƒjfmskƒ bfmfp iVkfm.' (ˆv nblde rfnfb.)
ƒmfm hfƒrfjD hstb, `iaKsmfÙÁ
zfnfsvv nfsK -pdl
ˆƒ zfnfv nrDr rq kfrst
…Hsqv msLA- iv±iv dhsvfdLkf sbƒ. jfvB, rsk ifsv sp, ufsqp hBGbfv …sÜswA
dkdb
…Hq iajfsvv zfmt (jJsbf
ˆv™i, jJsbf ‰v™i) jsvsYb. zfv zfïfrƒ zdLj
ufsbb.'
zfïfmf zfthfbD hstb, ˆ hAfifsv ndEj zdHmk rt bhfh dnÜDj rfnfb Jfsbv;
dkdb hstsYb, `---zfv iajfw sp, mdrtfvf zfmst icv¢Nslv mkƒ. jfvB, mdrtfvf
icv¢Nslv nsrflvf. icv¢Nslvsj pf jvsk zfslw rq, sn zfslw mdrtfslv …isvW
hkGfq. i[f§Àsv kfslv is[ zfpfb-ƒjfmk Wqfsuh bf rWqfv hAfifsv sjfb
oarBspfoA ltDt sbƒ. zfpfb bf Kfjfv hAfifsv hdBGk rflDsnv nbslv djYc hBGbfjfvD
idvkAÙÁ;
pfslv rflDn ltDtspfoA bq. nckvfQ mdrtfslvsj nfLfvB
ˆ
dbslGw sKsj
Jfdvu jvfv mk sjfb dbHGvspfoA ltDt Kfjst …Ùm; bsy{ WvfW icv¢Nslv mkƒ.'
(zfv-vWpfkcb bfdlqAfr 1/79, dnp} 2/271)

UV-hdx óv nmq zfpfsbv dhswN wè

UV-hxdó
hf zdkdvÙÁ
Efàfv nmq mndul zfnsk jó
rst mczfpXdpb zfpfsb
dbm´dtdJk wè zdkdvÙÁ
htsh,
`rfƒqAf zftfn n¶tfr' W `---Iftfr'v idvhskG}-



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 (n¶ïC ID hcqCdkjcm). (hc} 901, mc} 699bQ)
zKhf


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א‬  
< ‫( א‬zfnXn¶tf-kc dIdvGrft). (hc} 616bQ)
zKhf pKfdbqsm zfpfb slWqfv swsN}-



‫ل‬N1D ‫ א
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א‬

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 (zftf n¶ïC dIdvGrft). (hc} 632, mc} 697bQ)
zKhf


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(zftf n¶ïC ID dvrf-dtjcm). (hc} 632, mc} 697bQ)
zKhf

‫ج‬1N

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)7 d
34 ‫( و‬zmfb j¶fzflf Iftf rfvfu). (ƒzfwf}, hf} 1/398, dnn}
2605bQ)
ˆÈstfv zKG rt, `swfsbf! skfmvf dbu dbu hfnfq bfmfp isV bfW. ufmfzfsk

rfduv bf rst sjfb slfN sbƒ.

kfrfÏl
c W snrvD hf nfrfvDv zfpfb

mrfbhD  hstb, dhtft vfsk (Iusvv iCshG) zfpfb slq. nckvfQ ƒhsb …s©m
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59

mfjkCm (Iusvv) zfpfb bf slWqf ipG§À skfmvf JfW W ifb jv.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 680bQ)
…ÙÁ
rflDn
äfvf iamfdBk rq sp, Iusvv iCshG kfrfÏcl W snrvDv zfpfb mrfbhD


ˆv pcso iaydtk dYt
ˆhQ zfuW ipG§À sn ncâk mÄf-mlDbf nr n†lD zfvshv iafq
njt ²¿fsb snrvDv
‰
zfpfb (dhswN jsv vmpfsb) wcbsk ifWqf pfq. i[f§Àsv
zfmfslv slsw iafq njt ²¿fsb
‰
nmsq zfpfsbv idvhskG swfbf pfq jcvzfb W out
ifE! nckvfQ
ˆ
jKf db}ns¦lsr htf pfq sp, ncâskv ufqof lJt jsvsY mboVf
dhlzfk.
zsbsj hst Kfsjb, …Hq nmsq zfpfb rst stfsjvf softmfst iVsh; snef snrvDv
bf Iusvv zfpfb -ˆ dbsq ns¦lsr iVsh. dj§Â
ixKj ixKj
…Hq nmsqv ubA dbdlGó

lc'ub mczfpXdpb zfpfb dlst softmfstv Hq Kfsj bf. kf YfVf snrvDv zfpfsb



‫  م‬/<"‫
א‬34D
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< ‫ א‬wè Kfjsh bf. zkˆh njt iajfv Wuv-zfidÙ
kAfo jsv
dhlzfk huGb jvsk
ˆhQ ncâfrv …iv zfmt jvsk zfïfr zfmfslv kWIDj dlb.
zfmDb.

n§fÀ b HdC mô
rst zfpfb

zfhC vfsI'
hstb, zfdm zfïfrv vnCt  sj slsJdY, Ifskmf (vf}) rfnfb dhb
zftDsj ianh jvst dkdb k]fv (rfnfsbv) jfsb bfmfspv zfpfb dlstb. (zflf} 5105,
dk} 1566, dm} 4157 bQ) (mkf§Àsv rflDnde pqDI, zkˆh ˆ nmq zfpfb ncâk bq.)
nckvfQ sYst-smsq njstv jfsb ‰ nmq bfmfspv ubA zfpfb slWqfv mkƒ zfpfb
slWqf ncâk. i[f§Àsv Ffb jfsb zfpfb ˆhQ hfm jfsb ƒjfmk dlst `…©mcn
dnhqAfb' (HCk, i]syf (?) hf ˆj iajfv svfo) sjfb [dk jvsk bf ifvfv rflDnde
uft. (dnp} 321bQ, nuf} 5881, ƒo} 1174bQ)

ddu
ubb--H
HsC sC k
kvv H
Hssqq z
zffppffbb
wqkfb dub mfbcNsj Hq slJfq. Hq sisq zfpfb dlst dub hf wqkfb hf HCk nh
ifdtsq pfq.
ncrfƒt hstb, ˆjlf zfmfv zfêf zfmfsj hbD rfsvnfq ifEfb. zfmfv nsÌ
dYt
ˆj
nÌD.
ˆj hfofb rsk sj spb bfm Lsv zfmfv nÌDsj Ffj dlt. zfmfv nÌD hfofsb
J]sc u slJt; dj§Â
jf…sj slJsk sit bf. dIsv ˆst zfêfv dbje sn jKf …sïJ
jvtfm. zfêf htstb, pdl ufbkfm sp, kcdm ˆƒ slJsk ifsh, kfrst skfmfsj
ifEfkfm bf. ksh swfb! pJb (ˆƒ Lvsbv) sjfb wè wcbsh, kJb bfmfspv mk zfpfb
dlW. jfvB, zfdm zfhC ùvfƒvf
sj zfïfrv vnCt  rsk rflDn hBGbf jvsk
wcsbdY, dkdb hstsYb, ªbfmfspv zfpfb slWqf rst wqkfb iflsk iflsk ifdtsq
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60

pfq!« (mc} 389bQ)

z
zffppffssbbvv i
ivv mmnnddu
ull ssKKssj
j sshhvv r
rWWqqff
zfpfb rsq sost dhbf Wusv bfmfp bf isV mndul sKsj shv rsq pfWqf ShL bq.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªmndusl zh²¿fbjfst zfpfb rstƒ skfmfslv sj… spb bfmfp
bf iVf ipG§À mndul sKsj shv bf rq.« (zf}, dm} 1074 bQ)
ˆj hAdÙÁ
zfpfsbv iv mndul rsk shv rsq sost zfhC
ùvfƒvf kfv iadk ƒdÌk
jsv htstb,
`ˆ
stfjef skf zfhct jfsnm

ˆv bfIvmfbD jvt.' (mc}, zflf} 536
bQ, dk}, ƒmf}, lf}, hf})
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁv mndusl Kfjf zh²¿fq zfpfb rq, zk}iv dhbf
sjfb iasqfusb shv rsq pfq ˆhQ dIsv zfnfv ƒ¤Yf bf vfsJ sn hAdÙÁ mcbfdIj.« (ƒmf},
nkf} 157bQ)

zfpfb W ƒjfmskv mfsU hAhLfb

zfpfb W ƒjfmskv mfsU jkef dhvdk Kfjsh sn hAfifsv rflDn wvDsI sjfb ±ió

ƒdÌk W
…sïJ ifWqf pfq bf. ksh zfpfb rq ufmfzfk Ffjfv ubA. zfv ˆefƒ
öfHfdhj sp, zfpfsbv iv zsbsj Wpc jvsh. nckvfQ Wpc jvfv mk nmq dlsk rsh.
kfYfVf Ivp bfmfspv iCshG sp ncâfsk vfskhfr hf mczfÄflfr zfsY kfW iVfv ubA
nmq dlsk rsh. mrfbhD  hstb,
ªiaskAj zfpfb W
ƒjfmskv mfsU bfmfp zfsY.«
ˆƒv™i dkbhfv htfv iv swsN htstb, ªsp yfƒsh kfv ubA.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 662bQ)
mfosvshv zfpfsbv isvW nk¶v ufmfzfk wcv¢ jvf …dyk bq. pdlW nmq nQjDBG
khcW ufmfzfk rWqfv iCshG bfmfp zfsY. nckvfQ pfv snƒ bfmfp iVfv ƒ¤Yf kfsj
snƒ bfmfp iVsk nmq slWqf …dyk.
zfbfn
hstb, zfmvf mlDbfq dYtfm. mczfpXdpb pJb mfosvshv zfpfb dlk, kJb
stfsjvf iadkspfdokfv nfsK mnduslv JfìfÈstfv iÇyfsk 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVsk
stso spk.
ˆmbdj pdl sjfb zufbf stfj
ˆsn mndusl iashw jvk, kfrst
ˆk
stfsjv bfmfp iVf slsJ sn msb jvk, rqskf mfosvshv ufmfzfk rsq sosY. (ˆhQ
Wvf isvv ncâk iVsY.) (mc}, dm} 1180 bQ)

zfpfb W ƒjfmskv mfsU lz

c f
zfpfb rWqfv iv ˆhQ ƒjfmk rWqfv iCshGv nmsq lczf jhct rsq Kfsj. kfƒ ˆƒ
nmq lcdbqf W zfsJvfskv mÌt zfïfrv dbje iafKGbf jvf …dyk. mrfbhD  hstb,
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61

ªzfpfb W ƒjfmskv mfsU lczf vÜX jvf rq bf.« (zKGf{ mÓcv jvf rq.) (zf}, zflf}
521bQ, dk})
ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªnckvfQ skfmvf ˆ nmsq lczf jv.« (nuf} 3405 bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªlc'de nmsq lczf (iafKGbf)jfvDv lczf vÜX rq bf; pJb bfmfspv

ƒjfmk rq ˆhQ durfslv jfkfsv.« (rf}, mf}, nkf} 260 bQ)

ƒjfmk
spmb lcƒ mczfpXdpsbv zfpfb lcƒ vjm dYt, skmdb …Hsqv ƒjfmkW dYt lcƒ vjm;
sufV ˆhQ dhsufV. dhtft
sj zfpfb Fht Fht wsè ˆhQ ƒjfmk `j¶fl j¶f-
mfdkn ntf-r' YfVf (zbAfbA) hfjAfhtDsj ˆjj ˆjj wsè htsk zfslw jvf
rsqdYt. (hc}, mc} iamcJ, dm} 641 bQ)
nckvfQ dhtfstv …ÙÁ rflDsnv dHdÙsk ƒjfmk rsh 9de hfsjA; `j¶fl j¶fmfdkn
nftfr 2hfv ˆhQ hfjD rsh 1 hfv jsv. (mcm} 2/59)
dj§Â zfècïfr dhb pfqlsj ösi´ dwJfsbf rsqdYt dbm´v™i ƒjfmk, zfv ˆefƒ iadnÝ}-

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mcrf©mflfv vfnCtïc fr 1 hfv. rfƒqAf zftfn n¶tfr 1 hfv. rfƒqAf zftft Iftfr 1
hfv. j¶fl j¶fmfdkn n¶tfr (zKGf{ bfmfp iadkôf hf wcv¢ rt) 2 hfv. zfïfù zfjhfv
2hfv ˆhQ tf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr 1 hfv. (zflf} 499, lf} 1171, ƒJc} 370, ƒdr} 1671bQ, hf} 1/391)
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pfvf mczfpXdpb zfhC mfrpCvfv mk kfvuD' zfpfb slq, kfslv
…dyk k]fv
mkƒ ƒjfmk slWqf. dkdb hstb, `mrfbhD  k]fsj zfpfsbv 19de ˆhQ ƒjfmskv
17de hfjA dwdJsqsYb.' (zf}, zflf}, dk}, bf}, ƒmf}, lf}, dm} 644bQ)
nckvfQ k]fv ƒjfmk dYt dhtft
ˆv zfpfsbv mkƒ. ksh kfsk `rfƒqAf zftft
Iftfr' ˆv iv zdkdvÙÁ
dYt `j¶fl j¶fmfdkn n¶tfr' 2 hfv. (zflf} 502bQ)
ƒmfm ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr (v}) hstb, zfrst rflDn W k]fslv nmKGjslv dbje ndEj
dnÝf§À ˆƒ sp, mrfbhD  rsk pf djYc wcÝHfsh iamfdBk zfsY kfv iaskAjefv
…iv
zfmt jvsk rsh. zfv k]fvf
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zfmstv sjfbdesjW ziY¦l jsvb bf. sjb bf,
zfpfb W ƒjfmskv iÝdk
ˆjfdLj rWqfv hAfifvef dj¶vfzfk, kfwfrXùl iaHdx kv
iÝdk
ˆjfdLj rWqfv mkƒ.' (mfumC… IfkfWqf 22/335, 22/66) nckvfQ …Hq iajfvƒ
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62

zfpfb W ƒjfmk zfmtspfoA. zfv ShL bq ˆ dbsq jflf Y]V

c fY]cdV.
iajfw Kfsj sp, Hcst ƒjfmk bf dlsq (ˆjfjD zKhf ufmfzfkD) bfmfp isV sItst
bfmfspv sjfb [dk rq bf. ƒjfmk bfmfp rsk ixKj dudbn. zkˆh ‰ Hcstv ubA
nù dnulf dhsLq bq. (kcƒ} 78ix})

ƒjfmskv uWqfh
ƒjfmksj däkDq zfpfb htf rq, kfƒ ƒjfmkW ˆj iajfv zfpfb. (Iƒ} 1/249)
nckvfQ ˆv uWqfhW zfpfsbv mkƒ. zhwA `rfƒqAf zftfn ntf-r' W `--Iftfr' ˆv
uWqfsh `tf rf…tf ztf j¶cWqfkf ƒïf dhïfr' ˆhQ swsN (nmq sist) lv™l W
znDtfv lczf ifE jvf dhsLq. spsrkc rflDn wvDsI mczfpXdpsbv uWqfh (kfv mkƒ)
htsk ˆhQ kfv swsN lv™l W znDtfv lczf iVsk zfmfslvsj zfslw jvf rsqsY.
(mc}, dm} 657bQ)
…ÙÁ
rflDsnv dHdÙskƒ `j¶fl j¶fmfdkn n¶tfr' ˆv uWqfsh `j¶fl j¶fmfdkn n¶tfr'ƒ
htsk rsh. bsy{ ˆv uWqfsh `zfj¶fmfùïfù zzflfmfrf' htfv rflDn wcÝ
bq. zfv
pqDI rflDnsj dHdÙ
jsv wvDqskv sjfb zfmt W ƒhflk ShL bq. (slJcb, dm},
zfthfbDv eDjf 1/121) (mkf§Àsv spsrkc ƒjfmskv uhfsh sjfb ±ió nrDr rflDn sbƒ, kfƒ
ƒjfmskv uhfh slWqf ncâk bq. zïfù zf'tfm.)

ƒjfmk sj slsh?
ƒmfm W mcÙÁflDosBv msLA sp sj… ƒjfmk dlsk ifsv. sp zfpfb dlsqsY kfvƒ
ƒjfmk slWqf uv¢vD bq. zfv ˆ hAfifsv sp rflDn ˆsnsY kf wcÝ
bq. (dnp} 35bQ)
pqDI rflDnsj dHdÙ
jsvƒ hù ²¿fsb mczfpXdpb YfVf zbA sj… ƒjfmk dlst kfv
iadk syfJ skftf rq! zfhfv ˆv sysq zfsvf dhn¹sqv jKf ˆƒ sp, Jfdt mfKfq ƒjfmk
dlst zsbj ufqofq ƒjfmk icbvfq dIdvsq htf rq! jfvB, kfslv dbje zfpfb,
ƒjfmk, bfmfp, phfƒ iaHdx kv nmq eciD bf rstW kftifkf hf i½fndesjv Ffdt, bsy{
of-smfYf ofmYf, bkchf bfj-smfYf v¢mft zKhf zbA djYc dlsq mfKf Tfjf uv¢vD!!
iajfw sp, ƒmfmsj …id²¿k bf slJf ipG§À ƒjfmk slWqf dhsLq bq. (mc}, zflf} 537bQ)

ƒjfmk W bfmfp ðv¢ jvfv mfsU hAhLfb

zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªbfmfspv ƒjfmk rsq sost skfmvf zfmfsj bf slJf ipG§À
(bfmfspv ubA) l]fVfW bf.« (hc} 637bQ)
spmb ƒjfmk rsq sost kfVfùsVf jsv l]fVfsbfW …dyk bq. jfvB …ÙÁ
rflDsnv

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63

ˆj hBGbfq dkdb hstb,
ªskfmfslv mfsU spb LDvkf W wf§ÀHfh Kfsj.« (‰ 638bQ)

spsrkc vfufdLvfsuv lvhfsv sjfb iajfsvv Sr-ùsïfV W kfVfùsVf yst bf. htf hfùtA
ˆƒ lvhfsv Kfjsh wk zflh, wk dhbq, LDvkf W d²¿vkf.
ùmfƒl hstb, zfdm nfshk zft-hcbfbDsj ƒjfmskv iv jKfhfkGf htfv ShLkfv
hAfifsv iaw´ jvst dkdb zfbfn
jkGj x hdBGk rflDn wcbfstb; `ˆjlf bfmfspv
ƒjfmk rsq sost ˆj hAdÙÁ
bhD  sj bfmfsp iashw jvsk zfesj svsJdYt.' (hc}
643bQ) `mnduslv ˆj iafs§À sofisb jKf htsk tfost …id²¿k mcnïDoB Ocsm Tst
isVdYt.' (‰ 642bQ)
ˆjlf bfmfspv ƒjfmk rsq sost mcnïDoB jfkfv snfuf jsv l]fdVsq dosqdYt.
zfïfrv vnCt  ùuvf rsk shv rsq pJb ƒmfmdkv ufqofq ˆstb, kJb k]fv msb
iVt sp, dkdb bfifjDv sofnt jsvb db. dkdb njstv …sÜswA htstb,
ªskfmvf

ö²¿fsb làfqmfb Kfj.« zk}iv dkdb ùuvfq dIsv dosq sofnt jvstb. dkdb pJb
shv rsq ˆstb, kJb k]fv mfKf rsk ifdb eijfd¤Yt. ˆviv dkdb ƒmfmdk jsv bfmfp
iVstb. (‰ 640bQ)
…ÙÁ
rflDn sKsj
ˆ
jKf hcUf pfq sp, iasqfusb
ƒjfmk W bfmfspv mfsU shw djYc
nmq dhvdk rst sjfb [dk rq bf. iv§Â
ƒjfmk dIdvsq htsk rq bf.
ƒjfmk rWqfv iv sjfb uv¢vD jKf, bfmfp W jfkfv dhNqj jKf htf ShL. ksh
bfmfspv ia²Âdk sbWqfv iv sjfb ifdKGh jKf htf
…dyk bq. (Iƒ} 1/251)
ƒjfmk wcv¢ rst ˆhQ ƒmfm …id²¿k Kfjst iaskAsj dbsuv ncdhLfmk
…sE bfmfspv
ubA làfqmfb rsh. ƒjfmskv wcv¢sk, mfsU hf swsN, sp sjfb nmsq l]fVfstƒ ytsh.
ksh ˆ jKfv sJqft zhwAƒ vfJf …dyk, pfsk ƒmfsmv nfsK kjhDsv kfrvDmf Ycse bf
pfq. (mcm} 3/10)

mmnnddu
ull W
W bbffmmffpp i
iVVffvv u
uffqqooff
mrfbhD  hstb, ª---zfv nfvf ixdKhDsj zfmfv ubA mndul (bfmfspv ufqof)
ˆhQ idhÛkfv
…ijvB hfdbsq slWqf rsqsY. nckvfQ zfmfv
…©mskv msLA sp hAdÙÁv
dbje sp sjfb
²¿fsb bfmfspv nmq ˆsn …id²¿k rsh , sn spb snJfsbƒ bfmfp isV
sbq.« (hc} 438bQ, mcndtm iamcJ)
jhv²¿fb W sofntJfbf YfVf nfvf ixdKhDv (nm²À ufqofƒ) mndul (bfmfp W dnulfv
²¿fb). (zflf}, dk}, lf}, dm} 737bQ)
ˆjlf zfhC pfvG
mrfbhD  sj duÎfnf jvstb, ixdKhDsk nhGiaKm sjfbX mndul

²¿fdik rq?
…Ùsv dkdb htstb,
ªrfvfm (jf'hfv) mndul.«
zfhC pfvG htstb,
kfviv sjfbXde? dkdb htstb, ªkfviv mndulct zfjnf.« zfhC pfvG htstb, lcƒ
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64

mndul ²¿fisbv mfsU hAhLfb jk dYt? dkdb htstb,
ªydïw hYv. zfv swfb, nfvf
ixdKhD skfmfv ubA mndul. nckvfQ spJfsbƒ bfmfspv nmq ˆsn …id²¿k rsh, snJfsbƒ
bfmfp isV sbsh.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 753bQ)
dbdmGk oxr mndul YfVf zbA ²¿fsbW bfmfp iVfv ShLkf
…©msk mcrf©mfdlqfv ubA
ˆj ök§Ã
ShdwóA.

mnduslv mfrfk¹A
mrfb zfïfr hstb,

9/[
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و 
ن<
א‬
‫و‬ zKGf{, zfv mndulnmCr zfïfrv.(jc}
72/18)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªzfïfrv dbje ixdKhDv hcsj nhsysq swaôkm ²¿fb rt mndul

ˆhQ nhsysq dbjxókm
²¿fb rt hfufv.« (mc}, dm} 696bQ)

mfrfk¹AiCBG yfvde mndul

mrfbhD  hstb, ªdkbde mndul YfVf zfv sjfb ²¿fb dpqfvskv ubA nIv jvf
pfsh bf; mndulct rfvfm, mndulct zfjnf W zfmfv
ˆƒ mndul (bhhD).« (hc},mc} dm} 693)
dkdb hstb, ªmndulct rfvfm YfVf zbAfbA mnduslv kctbfq zfmfv ˆƒ mndusl
(bhhDsk) ˆjde bfmfp rfufv bfmfp zsi[f swaô.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 692bQ)
ªzfv zbAfbA mnduslv kctbfq mndulct rfvfsmv ˆjde bfmfp ˆj t[ bfmfp
zsi[f swaô.« (zf}, hf}, nuf} 3838, 3841 bQ)
iajfw sp, ˆƒ IpDtk mdrtfslv ubA bq. jfvB, kfslv ubA öoxsr bfmfp iVfƒ
…Ùm. spmb bIt hf ncâk bfmfspW …ÙÁ
nWqfh sbƒ, sjbbf, ncâk hf bIt bfmfp
Osv iVfƒ zfIpt. zKhf mÄf W mlDbfv mdrtfslv ubA kfslv
öoxsr
ˆhQ
‰

²¿fbäsq ncâk W bIt bfmfp Osv iVfv IpDtk zfsvf zdLj. zïfù zf'tfm.
mndusl bhhDv ˆjde dhswN ufqofv jKf …sïJ jsv mrfbhD hstb, ªzfmfv oxr W
(zfmfv mnduslv) dmìsvv mfsU shsrsñv
ˆj hfofb vsqsY. zfv zfmfv dmìv vsqsY
zfmfv rWspv
…iv.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 694bQ)
jchfv mndul nìsá
mrfbhD  hstb,
ªsp hAdÙÁ
öoxsr Wpc hfdbsq jchfv mndusl

ˆsn sjfb bfmfp isV, kfv
ˆjde
…mvfr jvfv nmfb nWqfh tfH rq.« (zf}, bf}, rf},
hf}, nuf} 6154 bQ)
iaKm djhtf mndulct zfjnfq bfmfp iVst 500 hf 1000 bfmfspv nWqfshv jKf
sjfb nrDr rflDsn zfsn db. (kfdm} 293-294ix}) zhwA ˆj hBGbfq ifWqf pfq sp,
rpvk nctfƒmfb  pJb ‰ mndul dbmGfB swN jsvdYstb, kJb zfïfrv dbje lczf
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65

jsvdYstb sp, sp hAdÙÁ
sjhtmfÛ
bfmfspv
…sÜswAƒ ‰ mndusl …id²¿k rsh, sn

hAdÙÁ
spb
‰
dlbjfv mk db°ifi rsq dIsv zfsn, spdlb kfv mf kfsj ianh jsvdYt.
(nbf} 669, ƒmf} 1408 bQ)
zfv ˆj hBGbfmsk kfsk 250 bfmfspv nWqfh zfsY. mrfbhD  hstb, ªhfqkct
mfjdln zsi[f zfmfv ˆƒ mndusl bfmfp yfvÈB
…Ùm. zfv kf rt swaô bfmfspv
²¿fb.« (rf} 4/509, hf} ðzfhct
„mfb, k¶f, dnn} 6/2/954)

mmnnddu
ull ddbbmmfG fG ssBBvv I
IppDDt
tkk
zfïfrv bhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
zfïfrv (n§Âdó
tfsHv)
…sÜswA
ˆjde mndul
dbmGfB jsv slq, zfïfr kfv ubA shsrsñ
ˆjde Ov hfdbsq slb.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 697bQ)
ªsp hAdÙÁ
zfïfrv n§Âdó
tfsHv zfwfq ifdJv hfnfv mk zKhf kfv sysqW sYfe
zfjfsvv
ˆjde mndul hfdbsq slq, zfïfr kfv ubA shsrsñ
ˆjde oxr dbmGfB jsv
slb.« (ƒmf}, nuf} 6128 bQ)
ªsp hAdÙÁ dkdkv ifJDv (sifjfmfjV sJ]fufv …sÜswA) zf]yVfsbf ²¿fb idvmfB
zfqksbv zKhf klsi[f sYfe zfjfsvv mndul dbmGfB jvsh zfïfr kfv ubA
ufâfsk ˆjde oxr dbmGfB jvshb.« (ƒJc}, nkf} 265bQ)
zfv mrfb zfïfr hstb,

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zKGf{, zfïfr sp nh oxrsj (mpGflfq) …âDk jvfv ˆhQ snÈstfsk k]fv bfm n¹vB
jvfv zfslw dlsqsYb, snJfsb njft-náfq k]fv idhÛkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jsv
ˆmb
stfsjvf; pfslvsj hAhnf-hfdBuA W
ÛÁq-dhÛÁq zfïfrv n¹vB, bfmfp jfsqm ˆhQ
pfjfk ialfb jvf rsk dhvk vfsJ bf. kfvf Hq jsv snƒ dlbsj, spdlb z§Àv W
lxdónmCr HDdk-dhr¶t rsq iVsh. (jc} 24/36-37)

mndusl pfWqfv mfrfk¹A

diaq bhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
njft zKhf náAfq mndusl pfq, kfv ubA zfïfr
smrmfbDv …ijvB ia²Âk jsvb. pJbƒ sn snJfsb pfq, kJbƒ kfv ubA ‰ smrmfbDv
…ijvB ia²Âk jvf rq.« (hc} 662, mc} 669bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªicv¢sNv öoxsr hf kfv hAhnfs[sÛ bfmfp iVfv sysq
(mndusl) ufmfzfsk wfdmt rsq bfmfp iVfv nWqfh i]dyw ocB shdw. sjb bf, sp
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66

pJb nc¦lvHfsh Wpc jsv sjht mfÛ bfmfp iVfv …sÜswAƒ mnduslv isK shv rq
kJb ytfmfÛ iaskAj ils[siv dhdbmsq kfsj ˆj-ˆjde mpGflfq …âDk jvf rq
ˆhQ kfv ˆj-ˆjde sofbfr smfyb jvf rq. zk}iv bfmfp zflfq n©iâ jsv pk[B
sn bfmfspv ²¿fsb hsn Kfsj kk[B dIdvwkfhoG kfv ubA lczf jvsk Kfsj; `sr
zfïfr Wv iadk jv¢Bf hNGB jv. sr zfïfr! Wsj [mf jv. zfv sn hAdÙÁ pk[B
bfmfspv zsi[f jsv kk[B spb bfmfspv zh²¿fskƒ Kfsj.« (hc} 647bQ, mc} 649bQ,
zflf}, dk}, ƒmf})
dkdb hstb, ªzájfsv zdLjfdLj mnduslv isK pfkfqfkjfvDslvsj djqfmk
dlhsnv idviCBG suAfdkv ncnQhfl lfW.« (zflf}, dk}, nkf} 310bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb Ivp bfmfp zflfsqv …sÜswA öoxsr sKsj Wpc
jsv (mnduslv dlsj) shv rq snƒ hAdÙÁv nWqfh rq ƒrvfm hf]Lf rfuDv bAfq. zfv
sp hAdÙÁ sjhtmfÛ yfsñv bfmfp iVfv …sÜswAƒ shv rq, kfv nWqfh rq …mvfjfvDv
nmfb. ˆj bfmfspv iv ziv bfmfp; sp lcsqv mfsU sjfb znfv (ifdKGh) dÛÁqfjtfi
bf Kfsj kf ˆmb zfmt pf ƒdïqADsb (n{stfsjv n{jmGfdl dtdihÝ jvfv dbhá oas§¿)
dtdihÝ jvf rq.« (zflf}, nkf} 315bQ)
ªdkb hAdÙÁ
zfïfrv pfmfbsk; ˆslv msLA ˆjub rt snƒ hAdÙÁ
sp mndusl pfq.
mvB ipG§À sn zfïfrv pfmfbsk Kfsj. zk}iv dkdb kfsj shsrsñ
iashw jvfb.
zKhf kfsj kfv iafå
nWqfh W sbjDv nfsK (kfv hfdV) dIdvsq slb.« (zflf}, dm} 727bQ)
ªbfmfsp nWqfshv dlj sKsj nhsysq hV snƒ hAdÙÁ,
pfv (hfdV sKsj mnduslv
dlsj) ytfv iK nhsysq lCsvv.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 699bQ)
mndusl bhhDv zfswifsw djYc ufqof Jfdt isVdYt. hbD nfstmfr mnduslv ifsw
(‰ Jfdt ufqofq) Ov hfbfhfv ƒ¤Yf jvt. ˆ Jhv zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv dbje si]ZYst
dkdb kfslvsj htstb, ªzfdm wcbtfm sp, skfmvf skfmfslv iCshGv Ov-hfdV sYsV
mnduslv ifsw ˆsn hnhfn jvsk yf¤Y.« kfvf htt, `r]Af, sr zfïfrv vnCt! ˆ
vjmƒ ƒ¤Yf zfmvf jsvdY.' dkdb htstb, ªsr hbD nfstmfr! skfmvf skfmfslv ‰
hfdVskƒ Kfj. (lCv rstW, mndul zfnfv Ist) skfmfslv ifsqv dyrÁ
(skfmfslv
sbjDv Jfkfq) dtdihÝ
jvf rsh.«
ˆv™i dkdb lc'hfv htstb. (mc}, dm} 700bQ)

mnduslv ida k zfndÙÁ
W kKfq

zh²f¿ sbv IpDtk
mrfb zfïfr hstb,

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67

zKGf{, db}ns¦lsr kfvfƒ zfïfrv mndul zfhfl jvsh, pfvf zfïfrsk W ivjfst
„mfb vfsJ, bfmfp jfsqm jsv, pfjfk ialfb jsv, zfv zfïfr YfVf zbA jf…sj Hq
jsv bf. zfwf jvf pfq, kfvf n{iKiafåslv ltHcÙÁ
rsh. (jc} 9/18)
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªzfïfr kfzftf nfk hAdÙÁsj snƒ dlsb k]fv (zfvswv)
Yfqf lfb jvshb spdlb k]fv Yfqf hAkDk zfv sjfb Yfqf Kfjsh bf; (kfvf rt,) bAfq
ivfqB hflwfr (vfóºsbkf), snƒ pchj pfv spZhb zfïfr zfppf zufïfv ƒhflsk
zdkhfdrk rq, snƒ hAdÙÁ pfv z§Àv mndul nmCsrv nfsK tesj Kfsj (mnduslv
iadk kfv mb nlf zfjxó Kfsj.) snƒ lcƒ hAdÙÁ pfvf zfïfrv n§ÂdótfsHv …sÜswA
háck¶ W Hfstfhfnf ²¿fib jsv; pfvf ˆƒ Hfstfhfnfv …iv dmdtk rq ˆhQ ˆƒ
Hfstfhfnfv …isvƒ dyvdhd¤Yâ (kfslv mxkcA) rq. snƒ hAdÙÁ pfsj sjfb jctjfdmbD
nc¦lvD (zShL spZb-dmtsbv …sÜswA) zfr¶fb jsv dj§Â sn hst, `zfdm zfïfrsj Hq
jdv. snƒ hAdÙÁ sp lfb jsv sofib jsv; ˆmbdj kfv Ffb rfk pf ialfb jsv kf kfv
hfm rfk ipG§ÂW ufbsk ifsv bf. zfv snƒ hAdÙÁ sp dbuGsb zfïfrsj n¹vB jsv; Ist
kfv …Hq syfsJ ifdb hsq pfq.« (hc} 660bQ, mc} 1031bQ)
ªsjfb hAdÙÁ pJb dpjXv W bfmfspv ubA mndusl zh²¿fb jvf wcv¢ jsv kJbƒ
zfïfr kfzftf kfsj dbsq snƒv™i JcwD rb spv™i iahfnD hAdÙÁ dIsv ˆst kfsj dbsq
kfv hfdVv stfj JcwD rq.« (ƒzfwf}, ƒmf}, ƒJc}, ƒdr}, rf}, nkf}322bQ)
ªmndul iaskAj ivsrpofv (LmGHDv¢) hAdÙÁv Ov. zfv sp hAdÙÁv Ov mndul snƒ
hAdÙÁv ubA zfïfr zfvfm, jv¢Bf ˆhQ kfv n§Âdó W ufâfskv iadk ictdnvfk zdkÛÁm
jsv pfWqfv lfdqk¶ dbsqsYb.« (k¶fh} jfhDv W zfWnfk¶, hfpXpfv, nkf} 325 bQ)
ªpJb skfmfslv msLA sj… dbu Osv Wpc jsv mndusl zfsn, kJb Osv bf dIvf
ipG§À sn bfmfspƒ Kfsj. nckvfQ sn spb rfskv zfÌctÈstfv mfsU J]fufJ]fdu bf jsv.«
(rf}, dm} 994, dnn} 1294bQ)
ªsp hAdÙÁ
Wpc jsv mndusl zfsn, sn hAdÙÁ
zfïfrv smrmfb. zfv smuhfsbv lfdqk¶
rt, smrmfsbv Jfdkv jvf.« (dnn} 1169 bQ)
sJqft vfJfv jKf sp, ƒ'dkjfsI hnf YfVf zbAfbA dlsb mnduslv msLA bfmfspv ubA
sjfb ˆj sjfB hf ²¿fbsj dbdlGó
jvf ShL bq. jfvB, mrfbhD  dbsNL jsvsYb jfsjv
lfbf JfWqfv mk (EjXEjX jsv) bfmfp iVsk, bfmfsp drQnau§Âslv mk rfk dhdYsq
hnsk
ˆhQ
…e spmb
ˆjƒ ²¿fbsj dbsuv ufqof hfdbsq sbq, skmdb mndusl dbdlGó

ufqof hfbfsk. (zflf}, bf}, lf}, ƒmf}, ƒJc}, ƒdr}, rf}, zf}, dnn} 1168bQ)

mndul pfWqfv zflh

iCshG …sïdJk ˆj rflDsn ˆsnsY sp, Wpc jsv mndul pfWqfv nmqW zfÌctnmCsrv
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mfsU J]fufJ]fdu jvf dbdNÝ.
zbcv™i ˆƒ nmq isK ƒjfmk wcbstW kfVfùsVf jsv hf
YcefYcde jsv slZsV pfWqf ShL bq. spsrkc mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmvf LDv W wf§ÀHfsh
(mndusl hf ufmfzfsk) pfW. ƒmfsmv nsÌ
bfmfspv pkecjc zQw ifW kkecjc isV
bfW
ˆhQ specjc zQw Ycse pfq kf
ˆjfjD iCBG jsv bfW.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 686 bQ)
mndul pfWqfv nmq isK dbsm´v lczf iVsk rq}-

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…¤yfvB-- zfïfù©mfuXzft ID j¶fthD bCvf, zID dtnfbD bCvf, zuXzft ID nfmqD
…¤yfvB
bCvf,zuXzft ID hfn¸fvD bCvf, zuXzft dmb JftID bCvf, zdmb zfmf-mD bCvf, zuXzft
dmb If…j¶D bCvf, zdmb kfrkD bCvf, zfïfù©mf zf'dkbD bCvf.
zKG- sr zfïfr! zfmfv r™lq, vnbf, jBG, y[c, iÇyfk, n©mcJ, †L¶G W dbsm´ suAfdk
ialfb jv. sr zfïfr! zfmfsj bCv (suAfdk) lfb jv. (hc} 6316, mc} 763 bQ)

mndusl iashw W hfdrv rWqfv nmq lczf

mrfbhD  pJb mndul iashw jvskb, kJb `dhndmïfr' htskb ˆhQ dbsuv …iv
lv™l W nftfm iVskb. zbcv™i shv rWqfv nmqW iVskb. (ƒmf} 771bQ)
dkdb ˆƒ nmq dbsm´v lczfW iVskb,
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…¤yfvB}-- zf†pc dhïf-drt zfpDm, zdhzuXdrdrt jfvDm, z nctk¶f-dbdrt j¸flDm,
…¤yfvB}
dmbfw wfqk¶f-dbv vfuDm.
zKG- zfdm mdrmmq zfïfrv dbje ˆhQ kfv n©mfdbk syrfvf W k]fv iafyDb ivfÛÁsmv
znDtfq dhkfdVk wqkfb sKsj zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY.
ˆƒ lczf isV mndul iashw jvst wqkfb hst, `nfvf dlb W zfmfv zdbó
sKsj
dbvfiÙf tfH jvt.' (zflf}, dm} 749 bQ)
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…¤yfvB-- dhndmïf-r, znnftf-kc znnftf-mc zftf vfnCdtïf-r, zfïf-ù©mfIX kfrtD
…¤yfvB
zfhWqf-hf vfrmfdkj.
zK-G zfïfrv bfm dbsq wcv¢ jvdY, nftfm W lv™l hdNGk srfj zfïfrv vnCstv …iv.
sr zfïfr! zfmfv ubA kcdm skfmfv jv¢Bfv lcqfv Jcst lfW.(nuf}1/528,mc}1/494,ƒhbcn ncâD 88)
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shv rWqfv nmq htskb,

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`dhndmïfr' W lv™slv iv ˆ lczfW iVf pfq,
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…¤yfvB}-- zfïfù©mf'dnmbD dmbfw wfƒk¶fb.
…¤yfvB}
zKG}- sr zfïfr! zfmfsj wqkfb sKsj v[f jv. (bf}, rf}, hf}, ƒdr}, nuf} 514bQ)
zfbfn
hstb, `ˆj ncâfr (bhD  ˆv kvDjf) ˆƒ sp, pJb kcdm mndul iashw
jvsh, kJb Ffb if zfso hfVfsh ˆhQ pJb mndul sKsj shv rsh, kJb hfm if zfso
hfVfsh.' (rf} 1/218)

kfdrqAfkt
c mfndul bfmfp
kfdrqAfkct mfndul hf mndul sntfmDv bfmfp (2 vfjXzfk) mndul iashw jvfv
iv hnfv iCshGƒ iVsk rq. ˆv ubA sjfb nmq-znmq sbƒ. diaq bhD  hstb,
ªskfmfslv msLA sp sj… pJb mndusl iashw jvsh, kJb sn spb hnfv iCshG 2
vfjXzfk bfmfp isV sbq.« zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªsn spb 2 vfjXzfk bfmfp iVfv
iCshG bf hsn.« (hc}, mc} iamcJ ƒo} 467bQ)
ˆƒ lcƒ vfjzfk bfmfp hV Èv¢k¶iCBG. kfƒ skf ucmzfv dlsb Jckhf ytfjftDb
nmsqW mndusl ˆst rfîf jsv kf isV dbsk rq. (mc}, dm} 1411bQ)
zfpfb ytfjfst mndul iashw jvst bf hsn zfpfsbv uWqfh dlsq swN jsv
kfviv `kfdrqAfkct mfndul' iVsk rsh. ksh ucmzfv dlb Jckhfv zfpfb rst
uWqfh bf dlsq ‰ 2 vfjzfk bfmfp zfpfb ytf zh²¿fq isV dbsk rsh. spsrkc Jckhf
swfbf zfsvf uv¢vD. (Iƒ} 1/335)
mndusl iashw jsv ncâfsk mczfÄflfr iVsk rst
‰
bfmfp zfv iVsk rq bf.
jfvB, kJb
ˆƒ ncâkƒ Wv ²¿tfdHdNÙÁ
W psKó
rq. (mh} 15/67, dtmf} 53/69)
spmb rfvfsmv mndusl iashw jsv (dhswN jsv mcrdvsmv ubA) `kfdrqAfkct
mfndul' rt kWqfI; 2 vfjzfk ncâk bq. (mh} 6/264-265)

mndul rsh idhÛ
W no

c ám q
mndul zfïfrv Ov. ƒhflskv ufqof. kf rsh idhÛ
W ncoámq. rpvk zfsqwf
(vf}) hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt  mrïfq mndul hfbfsk ˆhQ kf idv°jfv W ncoámq
jsv vfJsk zfslw jsvsYb.' (zflf} 455 bQ, dk}, ƒmf}, ƒdr} zf})
nfmcvfr
dbsuv sYstsj isÛ
dtsJdYstb, `zk}iv hdt sp, zfïfrv vnCt 
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zfmfslvsj zfmfslv mrïfq mndul hfbfsk, kfv kvmDm jvsk ˆhQ kf idhÛ
vfJsk
zfslw jvskb.' (zflf} 456bQ)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªdbÇyqƒ ˆƒ mndulnmCsr sjfb iajfv sbfQvf, siwfh-ifqJfbf
(ƒkAfdl mqtf äfvf zidhÛ
jvf) nÌk bq. mndul skf jcvzfb ifE, zfïfrv dpjXv
ˆhQ bfmfspv ubA (hfbfsbf rq). (zf}, mc}, nuf} 2268bQ) dkdb mnduslv lvufq
siwfh jvsk dbsNL jsvsYb. (nuf} 6813 bQ)
mndusl KcKc hf jIX sItf sofbfrv jfu. KcKc ƒkAfdl sbfQvf h²Â
mndul sKsj
idv°jfv jvf nWqfshv jfu. (zf}, k¶fh}, nuf} 2885 bQ) spmb ‡kcmkD mdrtf iaHdx k
zidhsÛv ubA mndusl
zh²¿fb jvf ShL bq. (hc}, mc}, dm} 1431bQ)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
(j]fyf) di]qfu, vncb hf jcvfG n (Leek) Jfsh, sn spb
zfmfslv mndusl zfmfslv dbjehkGD bf rq. sjb bf, sp h²Â
äfvf mfbcN jó
ifq, snƒ
h²Âsk dIdvñfvfW jó
sisq Kfsjb.« (mc}, dk}, bf}, nuf} 6089 bQ)
htfƒ hfùtA sp, j]fyf di]qfu-vncb zsi[f dhdV-dnofsve, Èt-ulGf, ofdt-kfmfj
iaHdx k mfljûshAv lcoGá
zfsvf shwD. nckvfQ kf sJsqW mndusl ˆsn mcnïD kKf
zfïfrv dIdvñfslvsj jó
slWqf ShL bq. hvQ
ˆnh h²Â
JfWqfƒ rfvfm ˆhQ kf huGb
jvf Wqfsuh. (zflwG idvhfv W idvshw û})

mndusl pf zShL
1. rfvfsbf dudbn sJ]fuf; mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
jf…sj mndusl kfv rfvfsbf
h²Â
sJ]fu jvsk slJsh, sn hAdÙÁ
spb kfsj hst, `zfïfr skfmfv dudbn dIdvsq bf
dljX.' jfvB, mndulnmCr ˆ …sÜswA hfbfsbf rqdb.« (mc} 568bQ)
2. shyf-sjbf; mrfbhD  hstb, ªpJb skfmvf slJsh sp, mndusl sj… djYc shyf-
sjbf jvsY, kJb kfsj htsh sp, `zfïfr skfmfv shyf-sjbfq tfH bf dljX.« (dk},
bf}, lf}, dm} 733bQ)
3. znfv, hfsu W zw½Dt jdhkf, out hf YVf ifE. zfmXv dhb wczfƒshv dikfmr
hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt  mndusl zfsifsn jdhkf zfhxdk W shyf-sjbf jvsk,
ucmzfv dlb (ucmzfv) bfmfspv iCshG soft rsq hnsk dbsNL jsvsYb. (zflf}, dk}, dm} 732bQ)
zhwA ShL swaBDv ƒntfmD out ifE dbdNÝ
bq.
ˆjlf rfnXnfb
mndusl jdhkf
ifE jvdYstb. rpvk
…mfv
iadkhfslv lxdósk k]fv iadk kfjfst dkdb htstb,
`zfdm jdhkf ifE jvkfm, zfv kJb mndusl zfibfv sKsj swaô hAdÙÁ
(bhD )

…id²¿k Kfjskb.' zk}iv dkdb zfhC ùvfƒvfv dlsj t[A jsv htstb, `zfïfrv
Wqfs²À htcb, zfidb dj zfïfrv vnCt  sj htsk wcsbsYb, ª(sr rfnXnfb!
mcwdvjslvsj) zfmfv kvI sKsj (Wslv jdhkfv) uhfh lfW. sr zfïfr! duhvDt
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71

äfvf Wsj nfrfpA jv?«
zfhC
ùvfƒvf htstb, `uD rA]f, (zfdm ˆ jKf wcsbdY). (hc} 453,
mc} 2485 bQ)
4. Sr-rfïf jvf W …¤yösv jKf htf. (hc}, dm} 744bQ) ˆmb dj sj… bfmfp hf jcvzfb
iVst snJfsb nwsè jcvzfb ifEW jvf pfsh bf. ˆjlf mrfbhD  slJstb, stfsjvf
bfmfsp sufsv-swfsv jcvzfb ifE jvsY. dkdb htstb, ªmcnïD (bfmfpD) skf zfïfrv nfsK
ycdinfsv jKf hst. nckvfQ dj dbsq k]fv nfsK jKf htsY kf t[A jvf lvjfv. zfv skfmvf
ˆmb …¤yösv jcvzfb isVf bf, pfsk zisvv bfmfsp hAfOfk Ose.« (zf}, dm} 856bQ)
htfƒ hfùtA sp, mnduslv sp iadkshwD zKhf zbA stfj sp (mfƒj, sei, svdFW
iaHdx kv) wè hf ofb-hfubf äfvf zKhf sjfb vMX-kfmfwf
äfvf mnduslv idhÛkf-rfdb
jsv
ˆhQ mndusl zhd²¿k bfmfpDslv bfmfsp, sktfzsk W zfïfrv dpjXsv hAfOfk W
hfLf nxdó
jsv kfv Hq rWqf
…dyk. jfvB, mrfb zfïfrv nfLfvB …dÙÁ
ˆƒ sp,

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zfïfrv mndusl k]fv bfm n¹vB (dpjXv) jvsk hfLf slq W kfv
L¶Qn-nfLsb iaqfnD rq, kfv sysq hV pfstm zfv sj rsk ifsv?« (jc} 2/114)
5. rÜX
(ƒntfmD làdhdL; spmb mlsJfvsj yfhcj mfvf, syfsvv rfk jfef, hAdHyfvDsj
sjfVf mfvf iaHdx k) jfsqm jvf. mrfbhD  mndusl rÜX jfsqm jvsk dbsNL
jsvsYb. (rf} 4/369, zf} 3/434, zflf} 4490, dm} 734 bQ)
…sïJA sp, zfLcdbj pcsov smfhfƒt sedtsIfb hf dh½Ifv nsÌ
dbsq mndusl iashw
jvfv iCshG kf há
jsv slWqf uv¢vD. jfvB, ˆ nsh sp dvQ hf dm…dusjv wè zfsY
kfsk mndulhfnDv dFófhG rsq Kfsj.

mndusl pf jvf ShL

ˆmb jkj jfu zfsY, sp nìsá
LfvBf rWqf
öfHfdhj sp, kf mndusl jvf rqskf
ShL bq. zKy wvDqskv lxdósk kf ShL. spmb;
1. äDbD jKfhfkGf, ShL zfstfybf, iasqfubDq nfQnfdvj jKf. ufshv dhb nfmcvfr

hstb, `bhD  Iusvv bfmfp isV nCpG bf WEf ipG§À mcnfïf sKsj …Eskb bf. nCpG …sE
sost dkdb …sE spskb. ‰ zhnsv stfsjvf zfsifsn jKf htk. htsk htsk kfvf
ƒntfm-iChG ufsrdtqfskv jKf wcv¢ jsv dlk. ˆsk kfvf rfnk ˆhQ dkdbW mcydj
rfnskb.' (mc} 670bQ)
zhwA dbYj lcdbqflfvDv jKf htf ShL bq. mrfbhD  hstb, ªzfsJvD pfmfbfq
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72

ˆmb ˆj swaBDv stfj rsh, pfvf mndusl soft-ShEj jsv ifdKGh W nfQnfdvj o¬i-
Èuh jvsh. nckvfQ skfmvf kfslv nfsK hsnf bf. jfvB,
ˆmb stfsjslv dbsq zfïfrv
sjfb iasqfub sbƒ.« (k¶fh, hf}, dm} 743, dnn} 1163 bQ)
2. JfWqf-ifb jvf. zfècïfr dhb rfsvn
hstb, `zfmvf vnCt  ˆv zfmst
mnduslv dHkv v¢eD W sofñX sJkfm.' (ƒmf} 3300 bQ)
sp dudbn JfWqf rfvfm, kf mndusl JfWqf kKf njt ²¿fsbƒ JfWqf rfvfm. mnduslv
n©mfb v[fsKG sn nh rfvfm dudbn nsÌ
dbsq hf isjse svsJ mndusl pfWqf hf bfmfp
iVfW ShL bq. spmb Èt, ulGf, dhdV, dnofsve, kfmfj iaHdx k JfWqf ShL bq, dhLfq kf
mndusl JfWqf hf dbsq pfWqf zShL. (mh} 17/58)
3. wqb jvf. ˆjlf zfêfl dhb kfmDsmv yfyf
slJstb, zfïfrv vnCt  mndusl
ˆj if ziv ifsqv …iv svsJ dy{ rsq wqb jsv zfsYb. nf„l dhb mcnfƒdqh hstb,
`…mfv ˆhQ …nmfb (vf})W ˆv™i jvskb.' (hc} 475 bQ, mc})
zfècïfr ƒhsb …mfv
hstb, `zfmvf zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv pcso mndusl Ocmfkfm.
zfv zfmvf kJb dYtfm zdhhfdrk pchj.' (hc} 440, dk} 321, ƒmf} 751bQ, zflf}, bf}, zf})
ksh Osv ufqof Kfjsk mndulsj zHAfnokHfsh wqbfofv W dhwafmfofv hfbfsbf
…dyk bq. jfvB, ƒhsb zfêfn
hstb, `sj… spb mndulsj wqbfofv W
dhwafmfofv hfdbsq bf sbq.' (ndk} 1/103)

mndul dbmfG B dhNqj djYc Iskfqf

mcndtm Kfjsk sjfb jfsIv dm²ÃD-wadmj
äfvf mndul dbmGfB ShL bq. (mh} 21/20-38)
mcndtmslv (nfmfduj, vfuSbdkj) sjfb [dkv zfwËf bf rst mndul W mfûfnfv
ubA zmcndtmslv dbje sKsj -kfvf JcwD rsq rftft zKG nfrfpA dlsk yfƒst- oarB
jvf ShL. (ƒhsb hfp iamcJ, mh} 32/90)
mndul dbmGfB rsh mcndtmslv dbuö
idhÛ
mft
äfvf.
ˆsk pfjfk hAhrfv ShL bq.
jfvB, pfjfk rt ovDh-dmnjDb iaHdx k 8 iajfv Jfsk hAdqkhA zKG. zfv mndul ˆ
nh ipGfsq isV bf. (mh} 8/152)
WqfjXsIv sp sjfbW h²Â
dhÛÁq jvf pfq bf, srhf (lfb) jvf pfq bf
ˆhQ sj… kfv
Wqfdvn rskW ifsv bf. (hc} 2737 bQ, mc}, zflf}, dk}, ƒmf})
zhwA pdl sjfb WqfjXsIv dudbn ˆmb zh²¿fq si]ZsY pfq, pfsk sjfb iajfv

…ijfvƒ zhdwó
bf Kfsj
ˆhQ kfv kvmDm W nQõfv n©Hh bf rq, zbcv™i sjfb
mndul nQjDBG rst ˆhQ iaw²À jvfv ufqof bf Kfjst snƒ WqfjXI hf mnduslv
ufqof dhÛÁq jsv snƒ zsKG zbA sjfb …ipcÙÁ
²¿fsb mndul dbmGfB jvf ShL. jfvB,
sjfbW mndul hf
²¿fb JfmfJf sIst vfJf db°It.
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73

ƒhsb vuh hstb, ƒmfm zfrmfl (v}) iamcJ sp jKf ±iófjfsv hdBGk rsqsY kf
ˆƒ
sp, sifsVf mndul dhÛÁq jsv kfv mCtA
äfvf zbA mndul dbmGfB jvsk rsh.
‰
oafm hf
wrsv iasqfub bf Kfjst zbA oafm hf wrsv mndul dbmGfsBv Jfsk
‰
zKG hAq jvsk rsh.
mndul ²¿fbf§Àdvk jvf nfrfhf jkxj G W iamfdBk. (ˆ hAfifsv ƒntfùt mfnfdul, …lcG 315-
317ix}, mh} 10/63, 23/99, 24/60, Iƒ} 2/9 ûóhA)
i[f§Àsv mndul sifsVf bf rst, bfmfp iVf rst hf yCVf§À ipGfsqv iasqfub bf iVst
mndul sHsÌ
zbA djYc (mfûfnf, mcnfdIvJfbf ƒkAfdl) jvf ShL bq, ˆmbdj ƒmfm
vfJfv ubA hfnfW bq. (mh} 10/81, 23/103)
ˆj mnduslv zfnhfh-iÛ
zbA mndusl tfofsbf ShL. mnduslv iasqfub bf Kfjst
zKhf mnduslv n©il …äxÙ
rst kf rsk nfLfvB jtAfB-Jfsk; spmb
„lofr hf
äDbD
mfûfnf dbmGfB, jhv²¿fb sOvf,
ˆkDm-dmnjDbslv slJfwcbf iaHdx k jfsu lfb jvf pfq.

(ƒntfùt mfnfdul, …lGc 316ix}, mh} 3/361, djkfhcÜf'Wqfr,
ƒhsb hfp 203ix})
mnduslv hdLGk ²¿fb mnduslv z§ÀHcÙG Á.
…Hsqv mfb nmfb. kfƒ skf mrfbhD 
ˆv dbdmGk mndusl bfmfp isV sp nWqfh tfH rq, hkGmfsb ‰ mnduslv hdLGk
²¿fbnmCsr bfmfp iVstW
‰
ˆjƒ idvmfB nWqfh tfH rsh. zhwA iaKm jfkfvnmCsrv
IpDtk skf ixKj zfsYƒ. (mh} 15/72, 17/69)
ƒntfsmv öBGpsc o pdlW mndusl bfvD-icv¢sNv mcnfïf ixKj dYt bf khcW hkGmfsb
dIkbf W Ifnfl sKsj h]fyfv ubA mdrtfslv mcnfïf ixKj jsv mfsU ilGf slWqf lCNBDq
bq. (mh} 19/147) zhwA ˆƒ …sÜswA mdrtfslv ubA dbdlGó
W ixKj lvuf rWqf
hfÒbDq. (zflf} 462 bQ)
mnduslv dbmGfB jfu swN rst nmshk rsq zbcôfb jsv dIsk sjse hf zbA djYc
jsv …säfLb jvf dhlzfk.
ˆ
Lvsbv
…säfLb zbcôfsb nfrfpA W spfolfb jvfW ShL
bq. spmb dhswNHfsh sjfb bCkb (hf icvfkb) mndusl bfmfp iVfv ubA lCv sKsj
nIv jvfW ShL bq. spsrkc jf'hfv mndul, mndusl bhhD W mndulct zfjnf
(zbcv™i jchfv mndul) YfVf zbA mnduslv ubA nIv ShL bq. (hc}, mc}, dm} 693, Iƒ}
1/18-19)
…ivktfq mndul W dbsyv ktfq hnk-hfdV zKhf dbsyv ktfq mndul W …iv
ktfq hnk-hfdV rst sjfb slfsNv djYc bq. (ƒntfùt mfnfdul, …lcG, 313ix})
klbcv™i …ivktfq mndul ˆhQ dbsyv ktfq slfjfb ƒkAfdl jsv kf HfVf slWqf
ˆhQ snƒ zKG mnduslv Jfsk hAq jvf ShL. (‰ 317ix}) zhwA ‰ nm²À slfjfsb spb
rfvfm W zShL sjfb djYc ÛÁq-dhÛÁq bf rq. bsy{ rfvfm hAhnfq slfjfb HfVf dlsq
sbWqf zKG rfvfm kKf mndusl kf tfofsbf zShL rsh. htfƒ hfùtA sp, nClD hAfQj,
mfljûhA ÛÁq-dhÛÁq, lfdV y]fYfv sntcb, hflAp§Ã
dhÛÁq, sjfb zw½Dt jmG iaHdx k jvfv
ubA slfjfb hf hfdV HfVf slWqf rfvfm. (zfnƒtfkcm mcdr©mfr, ƒhsb …nfƒmDb 14ix})
mndul däkt hf iasqfusb zfsvf zdLjkt jvf lCNBDq bq. ksh jfkfv wcv¢ rsh
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74

ƒmfsmv dbje sKsj. sp ktfq ƒmfm Kfjshb, sn ktf iCBG rst kshƒ kfv isvv
ktfq l]fVfsbf ytsh. (mh} 6/260)
mndul rsh nflf-dnsL iajdx kv. ˆsk zdLj bÆf W yfjdyjA iY¦lbDq bq. zdLj
jfv¢jfpG-Jdyk W vMysM jvf dhsLq bq.
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªzfdm mndulnmCrsj vMysM jvsk zfdló
rƒdb.« ƒhsb
zfêfn
hstb, `zhwAƒ skfmvf mndulnmCrsj snZ¦lpG-Jdyk jvsh, spmb ƒqfùl
W dJaófbvf (kfslv douGfÈstfsj) jsvsY.' (zflf} 448 bQ) zKy kfslv zbcjvB zShL.
zfbfn
hstb, `(djYc mcntmfb rsh) kfvf mnduslv snZ¦lpG dbsq ohG jvsh. dj§Â

kf zfhfl jvsh (bfmfp iVsh) Jch jmƒ.' (ƒzfwf} 3147 bQ)
…mfv
hstb, `Jhvlfv! mndulsj tft hf rtcl vsMv hfdbsq stfjslvsj
(bfmfspv nmq) dIkbfq (ŠlfsnA) sIstf bf.' (hc}, Ihf} 1/642)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªpJb skfmvf skfmfslv mndulnmCrsj snZ¦lpG-Jdyk jvsh ˆhQ
jcvzfb wvDIsj ztËxk jvsh, kJb skfmfslv
…iv L¶Qn sbsm zfnsh.« (ƒzfwf} 3148 bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªmndul (kfv dbmGfB-snZ¦lpG) dbsq ohG bf jvf ipG§À djqfmk
jfsqm rsh bf.« (zflf} 449 bQ) zKGf{ ˆ jfu rt djqfmskv ˆjde iChG t[B.
zhwA kxkDq JtDIf rpvk …nmfb
mndusl bhhDv slWqft bÆf-Jdyk ifKv W
ycbncvdj
äfvf dbmGfB jsvb. KfmÈstfsjW bÆflfv ifKv dlsq SkvD jsvb. zfv Yfk
jsvb snÈb jfsEv. (hc} 446, zflf} 451bQ)
ƒhsb hfÙ¶ft iamcJ hstb, mndul dbmGfsB ncâk rt mLAhkGD i§¿f zhtìb jvf
ˆhQ
kfv snZ¦lspG zdkvdÓk bf jvf. rpvk
…mfv
dbsuv zfmst hù dhuq W Lb tfH
nsÙ¶W dkdb mndusl bhhDsk djYc zdkdvÙÁ
hf hdLGk jsvb db. sJucv Ffstv Yfk bó

rsq sost dkdb kf bkcb jsv SkvD jsvdYstb mfÛ.
zk}iv rpvk …nmfb
k]fv
dbsuv zfmst zKG-n©islv iafycpG slJf dlst dkdb mnduslv djYc snZ¦lpG hdLGk
jsvdYstb. dj§Â
kfsj yfjdyjA hf vMysM htf yst bf.
ˆklXnsÙ¶W zbAfbA nfrfhDoB
k]fv
ˆ
jfsuv dhv¢sÝ
iadkhfl ufdbsqdYstb.
ƒntfsm iaKm mndulnmCrsj zdLj snZ¦lpG-Jdyk W bÆflfv jsvb hflwf ztDl
dhb zfèct mfstj. ˆ nmqde dYt nfrfhfslv pcsov swN ndá[B. kJb dIkbfv Hsq
hù …tfmf hflwfv sjfb iadkhfl bf jvsk sisv yci sKsjsYb.
i[f§Àsv ƒmfm zfhC rfbDIf (v}) iamcJ zfrst ƒtXmslv dbjse mnduslv kf'pDm
ialwGbfsKG yfjdyjA jvsB zbcmdk vsqsY. (Ihf} 1/644)

mndusl dwjG W dhlzfk

mrfb zfïfr hstb,
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75

‫)ًא‬N

5‫
א‬j4
‫ א‬+ ) '
?
5
)`
 . ْ ‫و 
ن<
א‬
zKGf{, zfv zhwAƒ mndulnmCr zfïfrv. nckvfQ zfïfrv nsÌ
zfv jf…sj
zfrhfb jsvf bf. (jc} 72/18)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªdbsuslv …iv jcIXsvv nf[A dlsq mcwdvjslv ubA zfïfrv
mndul zfhfl jvf wcÝ
W swfHbDq bq. Wvf skf
ˆmb, pfslv njt zfmt hAKG ˆhQ
Wvf slfpsJ
²¿fqDHfsh zh²¿fb jvsh.« (jc} 9/17)
mndusl jhv Kfjf dwsjGv ˆj znDtf. kfƒ skf mndusl sjfb mfƒsqAk lfIb jvf
ShL bq. ShL bq jhv-Wqftf mndusl bfmfp iVf. ˆ ubA mndusl jhv Kfjst kf
kcst jhv²¿fsb icblGfIb jvf Wqfsuh. (mh} 10/77)
jf'hfv mndusl dhdh rf-ufv (rfsuvf) hf zbA jfsvf jhv sbƒ. ˆ hAfifsv sjfb sjfb
‰dkrfdnjslv jKf mfbA bq. jfvB, k]fslv dbje sjfb ltDt W iamfB sbƒ. zbcv™i
mrfbhD  ˆv jhv rpvk zfsqwfv ùuvfq rsqsY, mndusl bq. (mh} 10/80, 26/86)
mxkAc -wpAfq wfdqk sKsj mrfbhD  …©mksj zdnqk jsv hstsYb, ªzfïfr
ƒqfùl W JaDófbslvsj zdHwfi jv¢b; kfvf kfslv zfdìqfv jhvnmCrsj mndul
hfdbsq dbsqsY.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 712bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, ªnfhLfb! skfmfslv iChhG kGD stfsjvf kfslv zfdìqf W sbj
stfsjslv jhvsj mndul hfdbsq dbk. swfb! skfmvf spb jhvnmCrsj mndul hfdbsq
dbW bf. zfdm
skfmfslvsj
ˆ
hAfifsv dbsNL jvdY.« (mc}, dm} 713 bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªskfmfslv dbu dbu Osv djYc (bIt hf ncâk) bfmfp iV; zfv kf
(Ov)sj jhv jsv dbWbf.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 714bQ) zKGf{ jhv²¿fsb spmb bfmfp iVf rq
bf, dEj skmdb bfmfp bf isV Ovsj jhsvv mk jsv svsJf bf.
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªskfmvf jhsvv …iv hsnf bf ˆhQ jhsvv dlsj mcJ jsv bfmfp
isVf bf.« (mc} 927 bQ, iamcJ)
„lofr hf mnduslv nDmfbfv hfƒsv jhv rst ˆhQ mfsU slWqft hf iafyDv Kfjst ‰
„lofr hf mndusl bfmfp lCNBDq bq. ksh pdl ‰ jhvhfnDv kf'pDsmv …sÜswA kfv
ifsw mndul hfbfsbf rsq Kfsj, kfrst kfsk bfmfp ShL bq. (mh} 15/78-79)
vmpfb, „l, wshjlv, wshhvfk (?) iaHdx kv dlhfvfsÛ
mndulsj Ict hf zdkdvÙÁ

zfstfjmftf dlsq ncndÏk jvf dhlzfk. iv§Â
ˆmb jfu jfsIvslv zbcv™i. zfv
jfsIvslv zbcjvB mcndtmslv ubA ShL bq. (‰ 25/68-69)
sjfb mndusl dhlzfk jmG rsk Kfjst kf lCv jvfv syóf jvsk rsh. n©Hh bf
rst sn mndul kAfo jsv dhlzfkwCbA mndusl bfmfp iVf jkGhA. (‰ 18/89)
mcufdrl (v}) hstb, ˆjlf zfdm ƒhsb …mfv
ˆv nsÌ
dYtfm. bfmfp iVfv ubA
dkdb
ˆj mndusl iashw jvstb. snJfbjfv mczfpXdpb spfrv hf zfnsvv zfpfsbv iv
icbvfq bfmfspv ubA Ffj-r]fj wcv¢ jvst dkdb htstb, `ˆJfb rsk shv rsq yt.
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76

jfvB ˆJfsb dhlzfk vsqsY.' zbA ˆj hBGbfq dkdb htstb, `(ˆƒ mndul sKsj)
dhlzfsk zfmfsj shv jsv dlt.' (zflf} 538, hf} 1/424, k¶fh)
dhlzfskv dhv¢sÝ
tsV nIt bf rsq dhlzfkwCbA nftfID ufmfzfk ixKj mndul
jvst, sn mndulsj `mfndusl dpvfv' htf pfsh bf. hvQ dhlzfk jsmG nrmk iajfw
bf jsv dIkbf lCv jvfv mfbsn ixKj mndul jvfƒ pcdÙÁpcÙÁ.
(mh} 35/82) sp mndul
n{isKv idKj rji§¿D mcndtmslv sjfb [dk nfLsbv
…sÜswA, ufmfzfskv iadk
dhsûfr jsv, mcndtmslv mfsU dhsHl nxdóv
ƒ¤Yfq ˆhQ zfïfr W klDq vnCstv dhv¢sÝ

pfvf nQoafm jsv kfslv sofib O]fde
öv™i dbmGfB jvf rq, kfƒ rt jcvzfb mfuDsl
…sïdJk `mfndusl dpvfv.' (jc} 9/107 û})

mndul dhNqj zfsvf djYc mfnfsqt

sjfb iajfv uctcm W zbAfqHfsh lJtjxk ufqofv …iv mndul dbmGfB ˆhQ susb-
wcsb kfsk bfmfp iVf ShL bq. (mh} 17/53)
mnduslv sjfb n©idÙ
hf zbA sjfb dudbn hAdÙÁokHfsh hAhrfv jfsvf ubA ShL
bq. (ƒntfùt mfnfdul, …lcG 311ix})
sjfbW dhNq dbsq jfsvf nfsK dhsvfL Oest kfsj mndusl zfnsk hfLf slWqf …dyk
bq. jfvB, mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
zfïfrv mndusl k]fv bfm n¹vB (dpjXv)
jvsk hfLf slq W kfv L¶Qn-nfLsb iaqfnD rq, kfv sysq hV ufstm zfv sj rsk
ifsv?« (jc} 2/114)
sjfb zmcndtm pdl hfdrAj idhÛ
zh²¿fq zflshv nfsK mndul iashw jvsk yfq,
ksh kfsk sjfb [dk rq bf. zhwA mÄf (W mlDbfv) rfvfm W mndusl kfvf iashw
jvsk ifsv bf. (jc} 9/28, mh} 21/20, 32/94, 105)
mnduslv …iv dlsq vf²Àf jvfq mnduslv n©mfbrfdb rq. mrfbhD  hstb,
ªdpjXv W bfmfp YfVf zbA djYcv ubA mndulnmCrsj vf²Àf jsv dbW bf.« (k¶fh}, nuf}
7215 bQ) mndulsj vf²Àfq idvBk jsv kfv n©mfb bó
jvf djqfmskv zbAkm
iCht
G [B. (k¶fh} zf…nfk¶, nuf} 5899 bQ)
iajfw sp, mnduslv iadk kf'pDm ialwGsbv zKG ˆƒ bq sp, mndulsj nftfm (iaBfm)
jvsk rsh hf kfv Lcstf sJsk rsh zKhf kfv smsU Lcsq ifdb sJsk rsh. jfvB ˆnh
jfu dwsjGv ipGfqHcÙÁ.
mndusl sjfb iajfv sJtfW ShL bq. zhwA sp sJtf durfl dhNqj zKhf durfslv
nrfqj (z²Ãyftbfv sJtf) kf ShL. rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `ˆjlf rfhwDlt
mndusl kfslv pcÝf²Ã
dbsq sJtf jvdYt. zfv zfdm zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv iÇyfsk
zfVfst
ùuvfv lvufq l]fdVsq sKsj kfslv sJtf slJdYtfm.' (hc} 454, 455bQ, iamcJ)
iasqfusb sjfb svfoDv ubA mndusl k]fhc tfdosq hf zbA ²¿fsb
²¿fb slWqf lCNBDq
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77

bq.
ˆsk vÙÁ
iVstW [dk sbƒ, pf isv Lcsq idv°jfv jsv sItsk rsh. J¦lsjv
pcsÝ
rpvk nf'l
zfrk rst k]fsj mndusl bhhDsk vfJf rsqdYt
ˆhQ snJfsbƒ
k]fv ƒs§Àjft rsqdYt. (hc}463bQ, iamcJ)
sp iÛ-idÛjfq mfbcN hf iwc-i[Dv Ydh Kfsj, kf mndusl iVf hf vfJf ShL bq.
iasqfusb jfdt
äfvf iafBDv mfKf bó
jsv vfJf pfq. zw½Dt Ydh W idÛjf skf sjfb

²¿fsbƒ slJf W iVf ShL bq. mndusl zfsvf shwD bq. (mh} 22/101)
hfdVv sjfb ˆjef jfmvf hf dbdlGó
ufqofsj mndul hfbfsbf yst. pfsk bIt bfmfp

ˆhQ mndusl spsk bf ifvst Ivp bfmfpW iVf pfsh.
ƒkhfb dhb mfstj
ˆƒ
vjmƒ ˆjde zfshlb zfïfrv vnCt sj ufbfstb. dkdb k]fv zfshlb mÓcv jsv
k]fv Osv dosq k]fv iY¦lmk ˆj ²¿fsb 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVstb. zbcv™i hfvf' dhb
zfsph
dbu hfdVsk (hfdVv stfjslv dbsq) ufmfzfk jsv bfmfp iVskb. (hc}
425bQ)
bCkb mndul zsi[f icvfkb mnduslv zdLj sjfb IpDtk W ShdwóA hf zdLj
nWqfh zfsY
-ˆv sjfb ltDt sbƒ. (mcm} 4/216, IfkfWqf bfpDdvqAfr 1/359) ksh
ziasqfusb spsrkc ˆjƒ mrïfq ˆjfdLj mndul dhlzfk, snsrkc ˆv Ist spJfsb
`dpvfv' rWqfv zfwËf Kfsj snJfsb bCkb sYsV icvfkb mndusl bfmfp iVf
…Ùm.
djYc nfrfhf W ntI
ˆƒ zfwËfskƒ sjfb sjfb ²¿fsb icvfkb mndusl bfmfp isVsYb.
zhwA snƒ mndusl bfmfp iVf …Ùm, sp mndul dhlzfkwCbA, pfv ufmfzfk nQJAf
zdLj (mcm} 4/213) ˆhQ pfv ƒmfm Ifsnj hf dhlzfkD hst zfwËf sbƒ.
zfïfrv vnCt  W k]fv nfrfhfhsoGv pcso sjfb mndulsj kftfhÝ
jvf rskf bf.
ksh sn pcso mnduslv dHkv
ˆmb sjfb mCtAhfb zfnhfh-iÛ
Kfjk bf, pf ycdv hf bó

rWqfv zfwËf jvf spk. iv§Â
sn pcsov stfsjvfW
ˆmb r™lqdhdwó
dYstb sp, k]fslv

äfvf mnduslv sjfb iajfv [dk rsh, sn zfwËfƒ dYt bf. dj§Â
hkGmfb pcsov zh²¿f
kfv dhivDk. nckvfQ zfnhfh-iÛ
W n©mfb v[fsKG mndulsj kftfhÝ
jvf lCNBDq
bq. (mh} 13/79, 17/70)

sp nh ²f¿ sb bfmfp iVf mjv™r W zShL

1. sofv²¿fsb bfmfp iVf ShL bq. mrfbhD  hstb,
ªnfhLfb! skfmfslv iChhG kGD
stfsjvf kfslv zfdìqf W zf…dtqfslv jhvnmCrsj mndul hfdbsq dbk. swfb!
skfmvf spb jhvnmCrsj mndul (bfmfspv ²¿fb) hfdbsq dbW bf. zfdm skfmfslv …iv
ˆ dhNsq dbsNLfÎf ufvD jsv pfd¤Y.« (mc}, dm} 713bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªskfmfslv dbu dbu Osv djYc (bIt hf ncâk) bfmfp iV; zfv kf
(Ov)sj jhv jsv dbWbf.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 714bQ) jfvB, jhv²¿fsb bfmfp iVf rq bf.
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78

ªskfmvf jhsvv …iv hsnf bf ˆhQ jhsvv dlsj mcJ jsv bfmfp isVf bf.« (mc} 972
bQ, iamcJ)
2. …e h]fLfv ufqofq bfmfp dbdNÝ.
mrfbhD  hstb,
ªskfmvf Yfot-sH]Vf h]fLfv
ufqofq bfmfp iV, zfv …e h]fLfv ufqofq bfmfp isVf bf.« (mc}, dk}, ƒJc} iamcJ, dm} 739bQ)
3. sofntJfbfq bfmfp mjv™r. spsrkc ˆ ²¿fb nfLfvBk} bfifjD sLfWqfv ubA
hAhr™k. mrfbhD  hstb, ªjhv²¿fb W sofntJfbf YfVf nfvf ixdKhDv njt ufqof
mndul (bfmfp iVfv ufqof).« (zflf}, dk}, lf}, dm} 737bQ)
4. jnfƒJfbf idhÛ
rst kfsk bfmfp wcÝ.
5. vf²Àfv mfsU ofdV hf stfjusbv zfnf-pfWqf bf Kfjst bfmfp dbdNÝ
bq. zbcv™i
mndul Hsv sost tfoftfdo vf²ÀfskW bfmfp wcÝ.
ksh sj… spb ƒmfsmv nfmsbv dlsj
vf²Àfq bf l]fVfq. jfvB, ƒmfsmv nfmsb l]fVfst bfmfp wcÝ
rq bf. (mh} 15/64)
6. mqtf sItfv ufqofsk spsrkc bfifjDƒ Kfjfv jKf, kfƒ snJfsb bfmfp wcÝ
bq.
7. jf'hf wvDsIv dHksv ˆhQ rfkDm hf drusv ƒnmf„t (jf'hf wvDsIv ifsw¶G sp
ufqofef softfjfv sOvf zfsY snƒ ufqof) ˆv nDmfv dHksvW bfmfp wcÝ.
zfïfrv
vnCt  ˆjlf jf'hf-Osvv dHksv 2 vfjzfk bfmfp isVsYb. (hc}, mc}, zf}, dm} 691 bQ)
iajfw sp, nfk ufqofq bfmfp iVf dbdNÝ
rWqfv hAfifsv sp rflDn
…sïJ jvf rq,
kf Jchƒ lcht G . (dm} 737 bQ rflDsnv eDjf, mcm} 2/252 û})
8. zmcndtmslv …ifnbftsq sjfb mCdkG hf Ydh bf Kfjst kfsk bfmfp iVf ShL.
rpvk ƒhsb zfêfn
mCdkG bf Kfjst douGfq bfmfp isVsYb. (hc} dhbf nbsl, Ihf} 1/632)
rpvk zfhC mCnf zfwzfvD, …mfv dhb zfèct zfpDp jkGj x W douGfq bfmfp iVfv
hAfifsv hBGbf ˆsnsY. (ƒzfwf} 1/423, bfzf}, dInc} …lcG 135 ix})
iajfw sp, dbv¢ifq zh²¿f hf lfWqfkD
…sÜwA YfVf zmcndtmslv sjfb Hubftsq
pfWqf ShL bq. (mh} 32/104)
zmcndtmslv nmfsu ˆhQ kfslv mfdtjfbfHcÙÁ
ufqof-udmskW bfmfp wcÝ. (mh}
15/68) hvQ kfslv hfdVv dHksvW (mCdkG bf Kfjst) bfmfp wcÝ
rsq pfsh.
(‰

32/104)
ksh idhÛkf
ƒkAfdl zbAfbA wkGfhtD nhGs[sÛ
zhwA iftbDq.
9. bÆflfv mcnfïfq bfmfp wcÝ
rstW kfsk bfmfp iVf mjv™r (ziY¦lbDq). spsrkc
ˆsk bfmfpDv msb sjsV dbsq …lfnDb jsv sIst. ˆƒ ubAƒ dhw¶bhD  bÆflfv
jfisV bfmfp iVfsj ziY¦l jsvsYb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 757 bQ û})
ˆjlf rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) ˆv ùuvfv slWqfst YdhpcÙÁ
ilGf efÌf Kfjsk slJst
dkdb k]fsj htstb,
ªskfmfv
ˆƒ ilGf zfmfslv dbje sKsj ndvsq bfW. jfvB, Wv
YdhÈstf zfmfv bfmfsp dhO´ nxdó
jvsY.«
(hc} 374 bQ, mh} 5/293, 15/74, Iƒ} 1/278)
klbcv™i nfmsb YdhpcÙÁ
jAfstàfv ƒkAfdl svsJ bfmfp iVf mjv™r. (ƒzfwf} 1/399 û})
htf hfùtA, ˆ ubAƒ mnduslv nfmsbv slWqfst sjfb iajfv lxdó-zfjNGj bÆf, h²Â

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79

hf dhÎdå,
nmqnCyD
ƒkAfdl vfJfW mjv™r.

10. dhYfbf idhÛ
rst kfsk bfmfp iVf lCNBDq bq. rpvk zfbfn
dbu dhYfbfq
10.
bfmfp isVsYb.
(ƒzfwf} 2810 bQ, Ihf} 1/586)
11.
11. siwfh-ifqJfbf Osvv Yfsl hf diYsb (siwfh-ifqJfbf Ovsj nfmsb jsv bfmfp
wcÝ.
Yfk hf nfmsbv slWqft idhÛ
rst bfmfp mjv™r bq. (Iƒ} 1/270, djlf} 95ix})
zfVft Kfjst ianafh-ifqJfbfv bftf hf ifƒi nfmsb jsv, zKhf kfv …iv dhasu,
zKhf mtmCsÛv ifƒsiv dbsy bfmfp wcÝ. (hc} 82ix û})
12. sp v¢sm mfljûhA Kfsj sn v¢sm bfmfp iVsk rst bfmfp wcÝ
rsq pfsh. (I…} 1/426)
12.
13.
13. HfVf slWqf hfdVv mfdtj HfVf oarBjfvDsj ‰ Osv Kfjsk bf dlsk yfƒst ˆhQ
sn snJfb rsk shv rsk bf yfƒst kKf sufviChj G hfn jvstW sn Osv bfmfp wcÝ
rsq
pfsh. ksh
ˆ
jfsu sn dbv¢ifq bf rst sofbfrofv rsk ifsv. (mh} 19/155)

nk
c vfr
bfmfpDv nfmsb shsq sj… ifv rsh bf ˆmb LfvBf KfjstW nfmsb nckvfr svsJ
bfmfp iVf Wqfsuh. (dnnfb} 82ix}) spmb nIsv, hfdVsk, mndusl, rfvfsmv
mnduläsq nhG²¿fsb
ˆjfjD W
ƒmfsmv ubA nckvfr hAhrfv jvf uv¢vD.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªnckvfr YfVf bfmfp isVf bf.« (ƒJc} 800 bQ)
ªsp hAdÙÁ
n[m rq sp, kfv W kfv djhtfv mfsU sj… spb bf zfsn, kfrst sn spb
kf jsv.« (zf}, lfvf}, k¶fhf})
ªpJb skfmfslv sj… bfmfp iVsh, kJb sn spb nfmsb nckvfr svsJ bfmfp isV.«
(zf}, zflf}, bf}, ƒdr}, rf}, nuf} 650, 651 bQ)
i[f§Àsv zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv dhbf nckvfq bfmfp iVfv rflDn pqDI.
nckvfr hst sjfb djYcv zfVftsj. bfmfpD pJb bfmfp isV kJb kfv r™lq sufVf
Kfsj nxdójkGf mf'hCl zfïfrv nfsK. dhd¤Yâ Kfsj ifdKGh njt iajfv jmG W dy§Àf sKsj.
ƒhflk jvf zh²¿fq sn spb mf'hCl zfïfrsj slJsk ifq. dj§Â
kfv n©mcsJ pJb ˆmb
sjfb hAdÙÁ
hf iwc
ˆsn
…id²¿k rq, sp kfv
ˆjfoakf W LAfb HÌ
jsv slq, msbfspfo
sjsV sbq, lxdó
ycdv jsv sIst
ˆhQ sjfb Hq hf jfmbf kfv msb ufqof dbsq kfsj
zfïfrv lvhfv rsk ndvsq ifdKGh uosk dIdvsq slq, kJb kfv ubA uv¢vD ˆmb ˆj
zfVft W z§Àvfstv, pfv Ist sn dbsuv lxdó
W mbsj kfv dHksv nDmfhÝ
vfJsk
ifsv. zfv kfv iÇyfsk sjfb djYc zdkÛÁm jvstW sn kf
ë™s[i bf jvsk ifsv.
nckvfQ nckvfr svsJ bfmfp bf iVf sofbfrv jfu. iv§Â
‰
zh²¿fq bfmfpDv n©mcJ
shsq sj… ifv rsq sost kfv bfmfspv nWqfh jm rsq pfq. (Ihf} 1/584)
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80

nk
c vfr djsnv rsh?
zfïfrv vnCt  jkGj x dhdHâ iajfv nckvfr iamfdBk. spmb, jJsbf dkdb mnduslv
Kfmsj nfmsb jsv bfmfp iVskb. (dnnfb} 82ix}) I]fjf mqlfsb bfmfp iVst ˆhQ
zfVft jvfv ubA djYc bf sist nfmsb hwGf sosV dbskb. zfv stfsjvf k]fv diYsb
dhbf nckvfq bfmfp iVk. (hc} 494, 498bQ, mc}, ƒmf}) jJsbf hf dbsuv nWqfvD …esj
zfVfzfdV l]fV jdvsq kfsj nckvfr hfdbsq bfmfp iVskb. (hc} 507 bQ, zf}) jJsbf
dubsifw (…sev disE hnhfv zfnb)sj nfmsb svsJ kfv jfôfQswv snfufncdu bfmfp
iVskb. (hc} 507bQ, mc}, ƒJc}, zf}) dkdb htskb, ªskfmfslv sj… pJb kfv nfmsb
dubsifswv swsN nQpcÙÁ
jfôJsàv mk djYc svsJ sbq, kJb kfv …dyk, (kfv
iÇyfsk) bfmfp iVf
ˆhQ
ˆviv kfv n©mcJ shsq sj… ifv rsq sost sjfb isvfqf bf
jvf.« (mc} 499 bQ, zflf}) ˆjlf dkdb ˆjde ofYsj nckvfr hfdbsq bfmfp isVsYb.
(bf}, zf}) jJsbf dkdb zfsqwf (vf}) ˆv Jfesj nfmsb jsv bfmfp isVsYb. zfv ‰
nmq zfsqwf (vf}) kfv …iv yflv Tfjf dlsq wcsq Kfjskb. (hc} 511 bQ, mc})
ncIqAfb dhb …qfƒbfr hstb, dkdb wfvDjsj sjfb Ivp bfmfp iVfv nmq k]fv
eciDsj nfmsb svsJ nckvfr hfbfsk slsJsYb. (zflf} 691bQ)
iajfw sp, djYc bf sist lfo sesb sbWqfv rflDn nrDr bq. (pzflf} 134, pƒmf} 196,
943, puf} 569bQ)
nckvfr rsh …sev disE ²¿fdik dubsifswv siYsb nQpcÙÁ
jfôJsàv mk (jm-shwD
ˆj rfk, zfL dmefv hf 47 sndm| …]yc) sjfb h²Â.
sjfb lfo nckvfr hst oBA rsh bf.
ksh sp h²Â
mfde hf mcnfïf sKsj ˆjecW …]yc rsq Kfsj kfsjƒ nckvfr hst Lsv sbWqf
pfsh. (mcm} 3/384)
iajfw sp, mcnfïf, yfefƒ hf jfsiGsev swN iaf§Àsj nckvfr hst oBA jvf pfsh bf. (Iƒ}
1/317)

nk
c vfr jklsC v vfJsk rsh?
mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA sj… pJb bfmfp iVsh, kJb sn spb nfmsb
nckvfr svsJ bfmfp isV ˆhQ kfv dbjehkGD rq. pfsk wqkfb spb kfv bfmfpsj bó

jsv bf dlsk ifsv.« (zf}, zflf}, bf}, ƒdr}, rf}, nuf} 650bQ)
ˆjlf dkdb jf'hf wvDsIv dHksv bfmfp iVst k]fv W slWqfstv mfsU 3 rfk
hAhLfb dYt. (hc} 506, zf}, bf}) k]fv mcnfïf (dnulfv ufqof) W slWqfstv mfsU ˆjde
Yfot (zKhf sH]Vf) ifv rsq pfWqfv mk (iafq zfL rfk) I]fj hf lCvk¶ Kfjk. (hc}
496bQ, mc})
iajfw Kfsj sp, nckvfv ˆsjhfsv snfufncdu bf l]fdVsq kfv ˆjec Ffsb hf hfsm nsv
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81

l]fVfsbfv rflDn wcÝ
bq. (pzflf} 136bQ)

ƒmfsmv nk
c vfƒ mcÙÁflDslv nk
c vfr
ƒmfsmv nfmsb nckvfr Kfjst mcÙÁflDslv ubA ixKj nckvfv lvjfv rq bf. mrfbhD


„slv dlb bfmfp iVsk shv rst k]fv nfmsb hwGf ofVf rk. dkdb kf nckvfr
hfdbsq bfmfp iVskb
ˆhQ stfsjvf k]fv iÇyfsk (dhbf nckvfq) bfmfp iVk. (hc} 494,
mc} 501bQ)
ˆjlf dkdb hfk¶rfq bfmfp iVstb. k]fv nfmsb (nckvfr) dYt sYfe ˆjde hwGf. zfv
k]fv n©mcJ shsq mdrtf W ofLf ifv rsq pfd¤Yt. (hc} 495bQ, mc} 252bQ)
dhlfqD rsÏv nmq mrfbhD  dmbfq bfmfp iVdYstb.
ƒhsb zfêfn
ˆjde
ofLDv disE ysV djYc jfkfsvv nfmsb shsq ifv rsq ˆsn bfmstb. zk}iv ofLDdesj
yvsk sYsV dlsq jfkfsv wfdmt rstb. kf slsJ sj… k]fv iadkhfl jvt bf. (hc} 493,
mc}, dm} 780bQ)

bfmfpDv nfmsb shsq ifv rWqf rfvfm

mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp bfmfpDv nfmsb shsq ifv rq, sn pdl ufbk sp, ˆsk kfv
jk ifi rsh, kfrst sn 40 (hYv hf mfn hf dlb bfmfpDv nftfm dIvfv) zsi[f
jvfsj Hft msb jvk, khcW bfmfpDv nfmsb shsq zdkÛÁm jvk bf.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 776 bQ)
zhwA bfmfpDv nfmsb nckvf Kfjst ifv rWqf rfvfm hf sofbfrv jfu bq. zbcv™i
nckvfr bf KfjstW pdl bfmfpDv nfmsb iafq 3 rfk lCv sKsj ifv rq, kfrstW sofbfr
rsh bf. (mfumC' IfkfWqf, ƒhsb hfp 2/267)

ssj
j…… nnffmmssbb sshhssqq i
iffvv r
rsst
t bbffmmffppDDvv j
jkkh
Gh
G AA
mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA sj… nfmsb nckvfr svsJ bfmfp iVst ˆhQ sj…
kfv ‰ nckvfv dHkv dlsq ifv rsk yfƒst sn spb kfv hcsj sEst ifv rsk hfLf slq
W pKfn©Hh v¢Jsk syóf jsv.« ˆj hBGbfq zfsY,
ªkfsj spb lc' lc' hfv hfLf slq.

ˆv isvW pdl sn mfbsk bf yfq
(ˆhQ
‰
dlsjƒ ifv rskƒ yfq) kfrst sn spb kfv
nfsK tVfƒ jsv. jfvB, (hfLflfb nsÙ¶W sp hfLf mfsb bf) sn skf wqkfb.« (hc}, mc},
ƒJc}, dm} 777bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªnckvfr YfVf bfmfp isVf bf. jf…sj skfmfv nfmsb shsq ifv rskW
dlW bf. (nckvfv dHkv shsq spsk) sn pdl mfbf bf mfsb, ksh kfv nfsK tV. jfvB,
kfv nfsK wqkfb zfsY.« (ƒJc} 800bQ)
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82

zfhC nf„l JclvD

ucmzfv dlb ˆjde Kfmsj nckvfr jsv bfmfp iVdYstb.
ƒkAhnsv hfbD …mfƒqfv ˆj hAdÙÁ
k]fv W Kfsmv mfU shsq ifv rsk sost dkdb kfsj
hfLf dlstb. dj§Â
stfjde icbvfq ifv rWqfv syóf jvt. dkdb kfv hcsj
ˆj KfæV
dlstb. stfjde mlDbfv oHbGv mfvWqfsbv dbje k]fv dhv¢sÝ
bfdtw ufbft. mfvWqfb
zfhC nf„l
sj htstb, `zfidb zfibfv Hfƒsifsj smsvsYb dj jfvsB?' zfhC
nf„l
htstb, `zfïfrv vnCt  hstsYb, ªskfmfslv msLA sj… pJb djYcsj
nckvfr hfdbsq bfmfp isV, zk}iv sj… kfv ‰ nckvfv dHkv dlsq ifv rsk yfq,
ksh sn spb kfsj hfLf slq. ˆskW pdl sn bf mfsb, kfrst sn spb kfv nfsK tVfƒ
jsv. jfvB, sn skf wqkfb.« nckvfQ zfdm wqkfbsjƒ skf smsvdY!' (ƒJc} 817bQ)
wcLc mfbcNƒ bq, sjfb iwcW nfmsb shsq ifv rsk yfƒst kfsjW hfLf slWqf …dyk.
ƒhsb zfêfn
hstb, `ˆjlf bhD  bfmfp iVdYstb. ˆmb nmq ˆjde Yfot (hf
sH]Vf) k]fv nfmsb dlsq Ycse ifv rsk yfƒt. dj§Â
dkdb kfv zfsoƒ kfsj Lsv
sItstb. ˆmbdj kfv siesj slWqfstv nfsK tfdosq dlstb. zk}iv Yfot (hf
sH]Vf)de k]fv diYb dlj rsk ifv rsq sot.' (zflf} 708-709, ƒJc} 827bQ, k¶fhf, rf})
nckvfQ hfLf slWqf Wqfsuh ˆhQ kfsk ˆjec bVf-nvf lCNBDq bq.

dhbf nk
c vfq bfmfp hfdkt jJb?
nckvf svsJ bfmfp iVst ˆhQ kfv iÇyf{ shsq sj… ifv rsq sost bfmfpDv bfmfsp
sjfb [dk rq bf. (hc} 499, mc} 252bQ)
nckvfv dHkv dlsqW sjfb icv¢N, dwwc hf iwc ifv rsq sost bfmfpDv msbfspfso
hAfOfk Ose dEjƒ, ksh bfmfp ˆsjhfsv bó
rsq pfq bf. iv§Â
dhbf nckvfq bfmfp
iVst
ˆhQ nfmsb dlsq nfhfdtjf smsq, ofLf hf dmwdmsw jfstf jcjcv ifv rsq sost
bfmfp hfdkt rsq pfq.
mrfbhD  hstb, ª(nckvfr bf rst) nfhfdtjf smsq, ofLf W jfstf jcjcv bfmfp bó

jsv sIst.«
zfhC pfvG htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! rtcl W tft bf rsq jfstf jcjcsvƒ
bfmfp bó
jsv kfv jfvB dj?' htstb,
ªjfvB, jfstf jcjcv wqkfb.« (mc}510,zflf}, ƒJc})
bfhfdtjf smsq zdkÛÁm jvst bfmfp bó
rq bf.
ˆjlf hfbD zfèct mcÙfdtshv lc'de
sYfe smsq mfvfmfdv jvsk jvsk k]fv nfmsb
ˆsn k]fv r]fec Lsv sItt. dkdb
…Hqsj
lc'dlsj ndvsq dlstb. zfv
ˆsk dkdb bfmfp HfÌstb bf. (zflf} 716, 717, nbf} 727bQ)
spmb dbsuv ²ÃD hf sjfb mdrtf bfmfpDv nfmsb Tfjf dbsq zájfsv Ocdmsq Kfjst
bfmfspv sjfb [dk rq bf. zfïfrv vnCt  vfsÛ
kfrfÏcl iVskb, zfv zfsqwf
(vf}) k]fv nfmsb ufbfpfv tfswv mk wcsq Ocmfskb. (hc} 508, mc} 512, dm} 779bQ) spmb
dkdb jJsbf jJsbf yflsvv dHkv sKsj ifsqv dlsj ycsi ycsi dbsuv iasqfusb shv
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83

rsq spskb. ˆskW k]fv bfmfspv sjfb [dk rskf bf. (‰) ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, `kJb
Osv hfdk dYt bf.' (hc} 513, mc} 512bQ)
iajfw sp, sjfb mdrtf-bfmfpDv nfmsb shsq (dhbf nckvfq) sjfb (nfhfdtjf) smsq
ifv rstW bfmfp bó
rq bf. (zfvf} 2356 bQ, mcrfïf 4/12, 20)

ddj
jh¶h
¶ t
tffr
r
nmoa mcndtm-ufdkv ubA vsqsY ˆjƒ dj¶htfv dhLfb. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

ST
I  `
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4
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L@ `
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34 ‫و‬
K 81k
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zKGf{, zfv kcdm spJfb rskƒ shv rW bf sjb, mndulct rfvfm (jf'hf wvDsIv)
dlsj mcJ dIvfW ˆhQ skfmvf spJfsbƒ Kfj bf sjb, ‰ (jf'hfv) dlsjƒ mcJ dIvfsh.
(jc} 2/150)
zfïfrv bhD  pJb bfmfsp l]fVfskb, kJb (Ivp-bIt njt bfmfspƒ) jf'hf
wvDsIv dlsj mcJ dIvfskb. (ƒo} 289bQ) dkdb ˆj bfmfp HctjfvDv …sÜswA
hstdYstb, ªpJb bfmfsp l]fVfhfv
ƒ¤Yf jvsh kJb idviCBvG ™si Wpc jv. zk}iv
dj¶htfv dlsj mcJ jsv kjhDv ht---.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 790bQ)
bfmfp wcÝ
rWqfv ubA dj¶htfr-mcJ jvf rt zbAkm wkG. bfmfspv nmq hf¦lfv
Kfsj lc'de zdHmcJ; ˆjde rt r™lsqv ˆhQ zivde rt slsrv. kfv r™lsqv zdHmcJ
Kfsj zfïfrv iadk. zfv slr W syrfvfv zdHmcJ rq zfïfrvƒ ˆj dhswN dblwGb
jf'hfoxsrv iadk. sp oxsrv kf'pDm jvsk ˆhQ pfv iadk zdHmcJ jvsk hf¦lf zfdló

rsqsY. nfvf dhsw¶v mcntmfbslv r™lq spmb zfïfrv zdHmcJD, skmdbƒ bfmfsp kfslv
njstv slr-mcJW ˆjƒ oxsrv iadk zdHmcJD rq. ˆsk vsqsY nfvf mcndtm ufdkv
‰jA W nQrdkv hdr}iajfw ˆhQ kfslv njt dhNsq ˆjfk¹kf zhtìb jvfv iadk

ƒdÌk.
djh
¶ tfv zdHmJ
c
pfvf jf'hfv zfswifsw bfmfp isV ˆhQ jf'hf kfslv lxdóv nfmsb Kfsj, kfslv ubA

ùhù jf'hfv iadk mcJ sIvfsbf uv¢vD. i[f§Àsv pfvf jf'hf slJsk ifq bf kfslv ubA
ùhù jf'hfv iadk mcJ sIvfsbf uv¢vD bq. spsrkc mrfbhD  hstb, ªiChG W idÇysmv
mfUfmfdU rt dj¶htfv dlj.« (dk}, rf}, dm} 715bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªianafh-ifqJfbf jvfv nmq skfmvf dj¶htfrsj nfmsb hf diYb jsv
hsnf bf; hvQ iChG zKhf idÇym dljsj nfmsb hf diYb jsv hn.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 334bQ)
…ÙÁ
rflDn lc'de rsk
ˆ
jKf hcUf pfq sp, mlDbfhfnDslv ubA dj¶htfr rt iChG W
idÇysmv mfsU (ld[B) dlsj. spsrkc mlDbf wvDI sKsj jf'hfv zh²¿fb rt ld[sB.
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84

nckvfQ pdl mlDbfq sj… ld[B mcsJ bfmfp isV ksh kfv dj¶htfr-mcsJ bfmfp iVf
rsh. pdlW ùhù jf'hf sKsj kfv zdHmcJ ˆjec Ffsb-hfsm nsvW rq. (mcm} 2/267)
zkˆh ixdKhDv mfbdysÛ
pfvf jf'hfv sp dlsj zh²¿fb jsv kfv dEj dhivDk dlsj
rsh kfslv dj¶htfr. Hfvk-hfQtfslw iVsY jf'hfv iCshG, kfƒ ˆ slswv stfsjslvsj
idÇym dlsj mcJ jsv bfmfp iVsk rq. htf hfùtA, mfrfk¹A rt dj¶htfv; idÇym dlsjv
sjfb mfrfk¹A bq.

djh
· tfr ufbsk bf ifvst
sjfb zsybf-zufbf ²¿fsb zájfv hf smsOv jfvsB y]fl, nCpG, kfvf slJsk bf ifWqfv
Ist dj¶htfv dlj sjfbXef dbBGq jvsk bf ifvst ˆhQ ufbfv mk sn vjm sjfb p§Ã
hf

…ifq bf Kfjst, msb msb ndEj LfvBfv
…iv dHdÙ
jsvƒ bfmfp iVsk rsh. zhwA
bfmfspv iv dj¶htfv ndEj dlj zbA hcUsk ifvstW bfmfp wcÝ
rsq pfsh. icbvfq
‰

bfmfp ndEj dj¶htfr-mcsJ zfv iVsk rsh bf.
rpvk ufshv
hstb, zfmvf zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv nsÌ
sjfb
ˆj nIv hf
zdHpfsb dYtfm.
zfjfw smOf¤Yâ Kfjst (bfmfspv nmq) zfmvf dj¶htfv dlj dbBGsq
mksHl jvtfm. ˆsk iaskAsj dbu dbu msk ixKj ixKj bfmfp isV dbt. (kJb bhD
 snJfsb dYstb bf.) ndEj dj¶htfv dlsj bfmfp rsqsY dj bf kf ivD[f jvfv ubA
iaskAsj dbsuv dbsuv nfmsb lfo dlsq vfJt. njft rst sn lfoÈstf zfmvf
slJtfm; slJtfm, zfmvf dj¶htfv dHâ dlsj mcJ jsv bfmfp isV sIstdY. zk}iv
hAfifvde bhD  ˆv dbje …sïJ jvst dkdb zfmfslvsj ‰ bfmfp icbvfq iVsk
zfslw jvstb bf. hvQ dkdb htstb, ªskfmfslv bfmfp wcÝ
rsq sosY.« (lfvf}, rf},
hf}, ƒo} 296bQ)
bfmfp iVf zh²¿fq pdl jfsvf hf djYcv mfLAsm dj¶htfv ndEj dlj ufbf pfq, kfrst
nfsK nfsK sndlsj dIsv pfWqf uv¢vD. mrfbhD  wcv¢sk hfƒkct mfj¶slsnv dlsj mcJ
jsv bfmfp iVskb. dkdb msb msb yfƒskb sp, jf'hfƒ k]fv dj¶htfr srfj. sn nmq
ˆƒ zfqfk zhkDBG rt,
Š‫
א‬KKKKKK\ .
< ‫
?
א‬L@0 `
 ‫Œ
و‬U '
G1
)d
zKGf{, zfjfswv dlsj skfmfv hfvhfv kfjfsbfsj zfdm iafq t[A jdv. nckvfQ zfdm
skfmfsj ˆmb dj¶htfv dlsj dIdvsq slh, pf kcdm iY¦l jv. zkˆh kcdm (ˆJb)
mfndulct rfvfsmv dlsj mcJ sIvfW. (jc} 2/144) ˆviv sKsj dkdb jf'hfv dlsj mcJ
dIdvsq bfmfp iVsk tfostb. jchfv mndusl stfsjvf Iusvv bfmfp iVdYt.
ƒkAhnsv ˆj zfo§Âj kfslvsj
ˆsn htt, `zfu vfsÛ
zfïfrv vnCstv …iv djYc
zfqfk zhkDBG rsqsY, pfsk k]fsj jf'hfv dlsj mcJ jsv bfmfp iVsk zfslw jvf
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85

rsqsY. nckvfQ swfb! skfmvf jf'hfv dlsj mcJ sIvfW.' kJb kfslv mcJ dYt wfm
(hkGmfsb iAfst±efƒb)ˆv dlsj. nQhfl swfbfmfÛ
kfvf jf'hfv dlsj Ocsv sot. (hc},
mc}, zf}, ƒo} 290bQ)

sjfbX sjfbX zh²f¿ q djh

¶ tfr-mJ
c bf rstW bfmfp wÝ
c
1. znc²¿
W z[m hAdÙÁ
dj¶htfv dlsj mcJ bf jvsk ifvst ˆhQ kfsj dIdvsq slWqfv
mk sj… bf Kfjst, sn sp mcsJ bfmfp iVsh snƒ mcsJƒ bfmfp wcÝ
rsq pfsh. spsrkc

ªzfïfr jf…sj kfv nfsLAv zkDk shfUf hrsbv Hfv slb bf.« (jc} 2/286)
2. pcÝ
ytfjftDb rfbfrfdbv nmq bfmfsp dj¶htfr-mcJ rWqf uv¢vD bq. wÛ¢v
odkdhdL t[A svsJ kfslv dlsj mcJ jsvƒ bfmfp iVsk rsh. (hc}, mc}, ƒo} 588bQ)
mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªpdl skfmvf (wÛ¢v) Hq jv, kfrst iKyfvD zKhf zfsvfrD
zh²¿fq (bfmfp isV bfW).« (jc} 2/239)
ƒhsb …mfv
…ÙÁ
zfqfskv hAfJAfq hstb, `Hq Jch shwD rst skfmvf l]fdVsq Kfjf
zh²¿fq zKhf nWqfv rWqf zh²¿fq dj¶htfv dlsj mcJ jsv zKhf bf jsvƒ bfmfp isV
bfW.' (hc} 4535 bQ) zfv mrfbhD  hstb, ªwÛ¢v nfsK pcÝvk rst (bfmfsp)
kjhDv W mfKfv
ƒwfvfƒ psKó.« (hf} 3/255)
3. nIsv …e, sOfVf hf ofdVv …iv bIt hf ncâk bfmfp iVfv nmqW dj¶htfr-mcJ
rWqf uv¢vD bq. spsrkc bhD  nIsv dbsuv nWqfvDv …iv sp mcsJ …e ytk, snƒ
mcsJƒ bIt W dhkXv bfmfp iVskb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 1340 bQ)
ˆ hAfifsv jcvzfb mfuDslv ˆƒ zfqfk zhkDBG rq, ªiChG W idÇym nh dljƒ
zfïfrv. nckvfQ kcdm sp dlsjƒ mcJ sIvfW, sn dljƒ zfïfrv.« (jc} 2/115)
zfv jJsbf jJsbf dkdb …ebDv …iv bIt iVfv ƒ¤Yf jvst …ebD nr dj¶htfr-mcJ
rsq kjhDv dlskb. kfviv hfjD bfmfp dbsuv nWqfvDv iK zdHmcsJƒ n©iâ
jvskb. (zflf}, ƒdr}, iamcJ dnnfb} 75ix}) zhwA Ivp bfmfspv nmq nWqfvD sKsj sbsm
dj¶htfr-mcJ rsq bfmfp iVskb. (hc}, zf}, dnnfb} 75ix})

bfmfspv dbqk
sp sjfbW zfmstv ubA dbqk uv¢vD. dbqk YfVf sjfb ƒhflk hf zfmt wcÝ
rq
bf. mrfbhD  hstb,
ªzfmtnmCr skf dbqskv
…isvƒ dbHGvwDt.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 1bQ)
ƒmfm bWhD (v}) hstb, dbqk hst msbv nQj¬isj. (pfv ²¿t rt r™lq W md²À°j.)
nckvfQ bfmfpD dbdlGó
bfmfpsj kfv mb-md²Às°j …id²¿k jvsh. spmb spfrv, Ivp

ƒkAfdl bfmfspv iajfv W ÈB msb msb d²¿v jvsh. zk}iv iaKm kjhDsvv nfsK nfsK
(mb-md²Às°j …id²¿kjxk jmG jvfv) nQj¬i jvsh. (vWpfkck k¶fsthDb 1/224, dnnfb} 85ix})
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86

ˆƒ nQj¬i jvfv ubA dbdlGó
sjfb wè wvDqsk hdBGk rq db. zfvhDsk h]fLf mboVf
dbqk hf dbu HfNfq sjfb dbdlGó
wèfhtD äfvf vdyk dbqk mcsJ
…¤yfvB jvf hf
zfWVfsbf dhlzfk. (Iƒ} 1/314, 315) nckvfQ dbqk jvf uv¢vD, dj§Â
iVf dhlzfk.
ƒhbct jfƒsqm (v}) hstb, bhD  pJb bfmfsp l]fVfskb kJb `zfïfù zfjhfv'
htskb. ˆv iCshG dkdb djYc htskb bf ˆhQ smfseƒ dbqk mcsJ …¤yfvB jvskb bf.
dkdb ˆ jKfW htskb bf sp, (bfWqfƒkc zfb) `…nfïD dtïfdr nftfkfb---, zfïfrv
…sÜswA zmcj bfmfp, sjhtfr mcsJ, yfv vfjzfk,
ƒmfm hf mcÙÁflD rsq iVdY.' zfv
bf dkdb zflfq, jfpf hf hkGmfb Ivspv jKf
…sïJ jvskb. …ÙÁ
10
iajfv
dhlzfkÈdtv sjfb
ˆjde wèW k]fv dbje rsk sj…ƒ hBGbf jsvb db; bf nrDr nbl
äfvf, bf pqDI
äfvf, bf mcnbfl v™si, zfv bf-ƒ mcvnft v™si. hvQ k]fv sjfb nfrfhD
rskW ‰ dbqskv jKf hdBGk rq db. sjfb kfshqDW kf htf …Ùm msb jsvb db, zfv
bf-ƒ yfv ƒmfsmv sj…---. (pflct mfzfl 1/201)
dkdb zbAÛ
hstb, dbqk sjfb dhNsqv
…iv msbv
ƒ¤Yf W nQj¬isj hst; pfv ²¿fb
rt z§Àv. mcsJv nfsK ˆv zfslZ sjfb n©ijG sbƒ. ˆ ubAƒ bhD  rsk, zfv bf k]fv
sjfb nfrfhD rsk sjfb iajfv (dbqskv) ˆjdeW wè hdBGk rq db ˆhQ zfmvf k]fslv
dbje rsk ˆv sjfb …sïJW wcdb db. iv§Â ‰
nm²À wèfhtD pf idhÛkf (Wpc-sofnt)
W bfmfp wcv¢ jvfv nmq (dbqk jvfv ubA) vybf jvf rsqsY, kf wqkfb J]csk
stfjslv ubA iadkspfdokfv mqlfbv™si nxdó
jsvsY. spJfsb sn kfslvsj zfhÝ
jsv
vfsJ, kfsk kfslvsj jóW dlsq Kfsj
ˆhQ kf nrDr-jvsBv iÇyfsk kfslvsj
zfidkk jsv vfsJ. zfidb kfslv jf…sj slJshb, sn ‰ dbqksj mcsJ hfvhfv
zfWVfs¤Y ˆhQ kf …¤yfvB jvfv ubA dbsu jk jó
öDjfv jvsY, zKy kf bfmfspv
sjfb djYcƒ bq. i[f§Àsv dbqk rt sjfb jfu jvfv ubA nQj¬i jvfv bfm mfÛ---.

(ƒofnfkct tfrIfb 1/158)
zfhfv hf²Àh ˆƒ sp, dbqskv ˆk ˆk wè-n©Hfv slsJ zsbsj bfmfp dwJskW Hq
ifq. mcJ²¿
jvstW zsbsjv
‰
zbKGj dhNsq nmq hAq jvf rq mfÛ.
i[f§Àsv nCvf
mcJ²¿
jsv 3de dj 4de! kfYfVf hù nfLfvB mfbcsNv dbjseƒ dbqskv wèfhtDsk
kftsoft sJsq pfq. zsbsj kfv zKGƒ shfsU bf. zKy zKG bf hcUst dbqk zKGrDb.
nckvfQ pf zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv dbslGw bq kfv diYsb zfmvf JfmfJf Yceh sjb?

dbqsk idvhkGb
bfmfp iVsk iVsk pdl dbqk idvhkGsbv lvjfv rq, kfrst nDmfhÝ
jsqjde
bfmfsp kf jvf pfsh. spmb;
Ivp iVsk iVsk jfsvf iasqfub rt kf bIt oBA jvsh. ˆv™i hVv dbqk jsv
sYfesk idvhkGb jvsk ifsv. ksh ˆv ubA wkG ˆƒ sp, isv spb ‰ Ivp iVfv mk
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87

nmq zhdwó
Kfsj.
zbcv™i dbdlGó
ncâk (mczfÄflfr) iVsk iVsk pdl sj… kf nfLfvB bIt oBA
jvsk yfq kfW wcÝ
rsh.
i[f§Àsv ˆj Ivp iVsk iVsk zbA Ivspv dbqk jvf (spmb, zfnv iVsk
iVsk msb iVt spfrv jfpf zfsY, nckvfQ kJbƒ spfrsvv dbqk jsv ‰ bfmfpefsj
spfrsvv Lsv sbWqf) wcÝ
rsh bf.
…Hq bfmfpƒ hfdkt oBA rsh.
klbcv™i nfLfvB bIt iVsk iVsk sjfb dbdlGó
ncâk hf bIt oBA jvfW wcÝ
rsh
bf. spmb sjfb dbdlGó
ncâk iVsk iVsk zbA sjfb dbdlGó
ncâskv (spmb ˆwfv ncâk
iVsk iVsk dhksvv) dbqk jvf wcÝ
bq. jfvB, wcv¢ sKsj dbdlGó
bfmfspv dbqk bf
rst iCBG bfmfp wcÝ
rq bf. (mcm} 2/295-298, I…} 1/416)
kû™i 2 vfjzfk ncâk iVsk iVsk 4 hf 4 vfjzfk iVsk iVsk 2 vfjzfk
ncâskv dbqk wcÝ
bq.
htf hfùtA, kfvfhDrv bfmfsp Hcst kxkDq vfjzfsk …sE sost msb iVfv nfsK nfsK
hsn dosq bfmfp iCBG jsv nù dnulfr jvsk rsh. bsy{ 4 vfjzfskv dbqk jsv
bfmfp iVst kf hfdkt oBA rsh. (mcm} 4/109-110)

ddj
jqqffmm
zfïfrv vnCt Ivp W ncâk bfmfp l]fdVsqƒ iVskb. mrfb zfïfr hstb,


3    d
5
‫ א‬4  d ‫
و‬nkE  ْ ‫
א‬
 
< ‫
وא‬B‫ א‬
< ‫
א‬n+
‫ א‬i
? N

zKGf{, skfmvf bfmfpnmCsrv iadk ˆhQ dhswN jsv mLAhkGD (zfnsvv) bfmfspv iadk
pk´hfb rW. zfv zfïfrv …sÜswA dhbDkHfsh làfqmfb rW. (jc} 2/238)
zhwA znc²¿
hf z[m rst hsn
ˆhQ mcnfdIv rst nWqfvDv
…iv hsn bfmfp
isVsYb.
ƒmvfb dhb ùnfƒb
hstb, zfmfv zwG svfo dYt. zfdm (djHfsh bfmfp iVh kf)
zfïfrv vnCt  sj duÎfnf jvst dkdb htstb,
ªkcdm l]fdVsq bfmfp iV. bf ifvst
hsn iV. kfW bf ifvst ifw¶sG lsw wcsq iV.« (hc}, zflf}, zf}, dm} 1248 bQ)
nckvfQ n[m rst Ivp bfmfsp djqfm (l]fdVsq iVf) Ivp. (mcm} 4/112)

kfjhDsv kfrvDmf
bfmfsp l]fdVsq bhD mchfwXdwv  `zfïf-ù zfjhfv' hst bfmfp wcv¢ jvskb. (ˆv
iCshG `dhndmïfr' hf zbA djYc htskb bf.) bfmfp HctjfvD nfrfhDsjW ˆƒ kjhDv
iVsk zfslw dlsqsYb. zfv kfsj hstsYb, ªkk[B ipG§À sjfb mfbcsNvƒ bfmfp iCBG
rsh bf, pk[B ipG§À bf sn dEj pKfKGv™si Wpc jsvsY. zk}iv `zfïfù zfjhfv'
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88

hstsY.« (k¶fhf}, dnnfb} 86ix})

dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, ªbfmfspv yfdhjfdE rt idhÛkf (sofnt-Wpc), (bfmfsp iashw
jsv ifdKGh jmG W jKfhfkGf
ƒkAfdl) rfvfm jvfv wè rt kjhDv. zfv (bfmfp swN
jsv sn nh) rftft jvfv wè rt nftfm.« (zflf}, dk}, rf}, ƒo} 301bQ)
ˆƒ kjhDvW bfmfsp Ivp. `zfïfù zfjhfv' YfVf zbA wsè (spmb zfïfr zfufïX,
zfïfù zf'pfm iaHdx k nmfKGshfLj) kjhDv ShL W psKó
bq. (mcm} 3/26)
ƒhbct jfƒsqm (v}) hstb, `kfrvDmfv nmq k]fv zHAfn dYt, `zfïfù zfjhfv'
wè htf. zbA sjfb wè bq. zfv k]fv dbje rsk sj…ƒ ˆƒ wè YfVf zbA wsè
kjhDv hBGbf jsvb db.' (pflct mfzfl 1/201-202)
kfjhDsv kfrvDmf htfv nmq (ˆjec zfso, nfsK nfsK hf ˆjec isv) mrfbhD  k]fv
dbu rfk lc'desj j]fL hvfhv kctskb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 793bQ) zfv jJsbf jJsbf jfsbv
†L¶fG Qw hvfhvW `vIXsq qAflfƒb' jvskb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 795bQ) rfk skftfv nmq k]fv
rfskv zfÌctÈstf tìf (snfuf) rsq Kfjk. (uVnV rsq Kfjk bf). zfv
zfÌctÈstfv mfsU (Jch shwD) I]fj jvskb bf, zfhfv
ˆj zisvv nfsK dmdtsqW
vfJskb bf. (zflf}, ƒJc} 459bQ, rf})
iajfw Kfsj sp, `vIXsq qAflfƒb' jvfv nmq jfsbv tdk ²iwG jvf dhsLq bq. spmb
ˆƒ nmq mfKf kcst …iv dlsj kfjfsbfW zdhsLq. (mh} 23/95) klbcv™i rfk skftfv
iv dbsy Ucdtsq dlsq kfviv rfk h]fLfW dHdÙrDb. (mcm} 3/43) spmb kjhDsvv iCshG
bfmfp wcv¢ jvfv nmq `dhndmïfr' htf dhlzfk. (‰ 1/133)

r²-À háb
ˆviv bhD mchfwXdwv  k]fv Ffb rfksj hfm rfskv …iv vfJskb. (mc}, zflf} ƒo}
352bQ) zfv dkdb htskb, ªzfmvf zfdìqfv lt wDOa
ƒIkfvD jvsk, slvD jsv snrvD
sJsk ˆhQ bfmfsp Ffb rfksj hfm rfskv …iv vfJsk zfdló
rsqdY.« (k¶fhf}, mfpf}
2/105)
ˆjlf dkdb bfmfsp vk ˆj hAdÙÁv ifw dlsq ifv rsk dosq slJstb, sn kfv hfm
rfksj Ffb rfskv
…iv svsJsY. dkdb kfv rfk YfdVsq Ffb rfksj hfm rfskv
…iv
yfdisq dlstb. (zf} 3/381, zflf} 755bQ)
nfrXt dhb nf'l
hstb, stfsjvf zfdló
rk, kfvf spb bfmfsp kfslv Ffb rfksj
hfm iasjfô (rfskv vtfv) …iv vfsJ. (hc} 740bQ)
Wqfƒt dhb ùuXv
hstb, dkdb Ffb rfksj hfm rfskv sysefv diE, jdç W
iasjfsôv …iv vfJskb. (zflf} 727 bQ, bf}, ƒJc}, ƒdr})
jJsbf hf Ffb rfk äfvf hfm rfksj LfvB jvskb. (zflf} 726bQ, bf}, dk} 252, lfvf})
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89

zfïfmf zfthfbD hstb, …ÙÁ
rflDn
ˆƒ jKfv ltDt sp, ncâk rt Ffb rfk dlsq hfm
rfksj LfvB jvf. zfv iCshGv rflDn iamfB jsv sp, Ffb rfk hfm rfskv …iv (LfvB
bf jsv) vfJf ncâk. nckvfQ …Hq iajfv zfmtƒ ncâk. i[f§Àsv ˆjƒ nsÌ
iasjfsôv
…iv vfJf ˆhQ LfvB jvf -pf djYc ivhkGD rfbfID …tfmfoB …Ùm msb jsvsYb kf
dhlzfk. W]slv
…sïJ msk kfv iÝdk rt
ˆƒ sp, Ffb rfksj hfm rfskv …iv
vfJsh, jsV W hcsVf zfÌct dlsq hfm rfskv iasjfô (vtf)sj LfvB jvsh. zfv hfjD
dkbde zfÌct kfv
…iv dhdYsq slsh. (rfdwqf
ƒhsb zfshlDb 1/454) nckvfQ …ÙÁ

ivhkGDosBv jKfq zfidb sLfjf Jfshb bf. (dnnfb} 88ix}, 3bQ eDjf)
i[f§Àsv …Hq rflDsnv …iv zfmt jvsk rst jJsbf bf Lsv vfJsk rsh ˆhQ
jJsbf LfvB jvsk rsh. spsrkc ˆjƒ nsÌ
‰
iÝdk rflDsn hdBGk rq db.
iajfw Kfsj sp, Ffb rfk äfvf hfm rfskv hfuc LvfvW sjfb dHdÙ
sbƒ. (mcm} 3/45)

rfk vfJfv ufqof

ˆviv mrfbhD  …Hq rfksj hcsjv …iv vfJskb. (zflf} 759 bQ, ƒJc} 479 bQ,
zf}, zfhcw wfqJ iamcJ)
iasjfsôv …iv iasjfô vfJfv zfslw ˆjKfW iamfB jsv sp, rfk hcsjv …isvƒ h]fLf
rsh. bsy{ kfv dbsy ‰Hfsh vfJf n©Hh bq. mcrfdÜn zfthfbD (v}) hstb, hcsjv
…isvƒ rfk h]fLf ncâfrsk iamfdBk. zfv ˆv zbAKf rq pqDI, bf rq dHdÙrDb.
(dnnfb} 88ix})
hcsj vsqsY r™lq. pfv …iv rfk vfJst zb§À iawfd§À, ˆjf§À dhbq W dbkf§À zflh
zdHhAÙÁ
rq.

ƒd²I
À k
X frv lczf
bhD mchfwXdwv  bfmfsp k]fv lxdó
zhbk jsv dnulfv
²¿fsb dbhÝ
vfJskb. (hf}, rf},
ƒo} 354 bQ) bfmfspv iafvs©H dkdb dhdHâ v™si zfïfrv iawQnf W ²Âdk hBGbf jvskb

ˆhQ iafKGbf jvskb. iv§Â
bfmfp HctjfvD nfrfhDsjW dkdb hstdYstb,
ªsjfb
hAdÙÁvƒ bfmfp kk[B ipG§À n©iCBG rsh bf, pk[B ipG§À bf sn kjhDv dlsqsY,
zfïfr zfpXpf zufïfv iawQnf W ²Âdk hBGbf jsvsY
ˆhQ pKfn©Hh jcvzfb ifE
jsvsY.« (zflf} 857 bQ, rf})
ˆƒ zh²¿fq dkdb dhdHâ nmq W bfmfsp dhdHâ lczf isVsYb. pfv djYc dbm´v™i}-
1. rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf
hstb, zfïfrv vnCt  pJb bfmfsp (kfrvDmfv)
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90

kjhDv dlskb, kJb dj¶vfzfk wcv¢ jvfv iCshG djYc[B yci Kfjskb. zfdm httfm,
`sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfv dikf-mfkf zfibfv ubA jcvhfb srfj. zfidb kjhDv W
dj¶vfzfskv mfsU yci sKsj dj isVb zfmfsj hst dlb.' dkdb htstb, ªzfdm hdt,

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95

nrDr rflDn sbƒ. (kfdm} 196ix})

zfbfn
hstb, zfdm bhD , zfhC hjXv W …mfv  ˆv nfsK bfmfp isVdY. k]fvf
njstƒ `zftrfmlc dtïf-dr vfdêt zf-tfmDb' hst dj¶vfzfk wcv¢ jvskb. (hc} 743,
zflf} 782, dk} 246, bf} 867 bQ iamcJ) zbA ˆj hBGbfq dkdb hstb, k]fvf dj¶vfzfskv
wcv¢sk hf swsNW `dhndmïfdrv vfrmfdbv vfrDm' …sïJ jvskb bf. zfv ˆj hBGbfq
dkdb hstb, k]fslv jf…sjƒ `dhndmïfdrv vfrmfdbv vfrDm' htsk wcdb db. (mc} 399,
nbf} 870, 871bQ, ƒdr})

nv
C f Ifdkrf ifE
zk}iv mrfbhD  survD (mfodvh, ˆwf, Iuv, ucmzfr, kfvfhDr, „l iaHdx k)
bfmfsp nwsè W dnvGD (spfrv, zfnv, ncâk iaHdx k) bfmfsp db}wsè nCvf Ifdkrf ifE
jvskb,


l
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א‬،3   7ْ ‫
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3 X /O‫אط
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  ْ ‫אط
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و‬S@0  +
…¤yfvB}-- zftrfmlc dtïf-dr vfdêt zf'-tfmDb. zfvvfrmf-dbv vfrDm. mf-dtdj
…¤yfvB}
qAf…dmÜDb. ƒqAf-jf bf'hclc zƒqAf-jf bf²Àf„b. ƒrXdlbfnX dn¶vf-k¶ft mc²Àfj¶Dm.
dn¶vf-k¶fïfpDbf zfbXzf'mkf zftfƒdrm. ofƒdvt mfop¶Cdh zftfƒdrm ztfp¶ p¶f-ïDb.
zKG}- nm²À iawQnf nfvf ufrfsbv iadkiftj zfïfrv ubA. dpdb zb§À jv¢Bfmq, ivm
lqftc. dpdb dhyfv dlsbv mfdtj. zfmvf sjht skfmfvƒ ƒhflk jdv ˆhQ skfmfvƒ jfsY
nfrfpA yfƒ. zfmfslvsj nvt iK slJfW; kfslv iK -pfslvsj kcdm icvõfv lfb jsvY.
kfslv iK bq -pfvf sÛÁfLHfub (ƒqfùlD) ˆhQ pfvf iKëó (dJaófb).
ˆƒ nCvf dkdb sKsm sKsm iVskb; `dhndmïfdrv vfrmfdbv vfrDm' isV Kfmskb.
zk}iv `zftrfmlc dtïfdr vfdêt zf'-tfmDb' hst Kfmskb. zfv zbcv™i iaskAj
zfqfk swsN sKsm sKsm iVskb. (zflf}, rf}, ƒo} 343bQ)
nckvfQ ˆjƒ nfsK jsqjde zfqfksj udVsq iVf ncâskv idvi§¿D zfmt. iv±iv
jsqjde zfqfk zsKG n©ixÙÁ
rstW iaskAj zfqfskv swsN sKsm iVfƒ mc²Àfrfh.
(dnnfb} 96ix})

bfmfsp nCvf Ifdkrfv Èv¢k¶

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96

mrfbhD  htskb,
ªsnƒ hAdÙÁv bfmfp rq bf, sp hAdÙÁ
kfsk nCvf Ifdkrf ifE jsv bf.«
(hc}, mc}, zfzf},
hf}, ƒo} 302bQ)
ªsnƒ hAdÙÁv bfmfp psKó
bq, sp kfsk nCvf Ifdkrf ifE jsv bf.«
(lfvf}, ƒdr}, ƒo} 302bQ)
ªsp hAdÙÁ
ˆmb sjfbW bfmfp isV, pfsk sn nCvf Ifdkrf ifE jsv bf, kfv
‰
bfmfp
(oHGyAc k
ë™sBv bAfq) zn©iCBG, zn©iCBG.« (mc}, zfzf}, dm} 823bQ)
ªzfïfr kfzftf hstb, `zfdm bfmfp (nCvf Ifdkrf)sj zfmfv W zfmfv hf¦lfv mfsU
zfLfzfdL Hfo jsv dbsqdY; zsLGj zfmfv ubA ˆhQ zsLGj zfmfv hf¦lfv ubA. zfv
zfmfv hf¦lf kfƒ ifq, pf sn iafKGbf jsv.' nckvfQ hf¦lf pJb hst, `zftrfmlc dtïfdr
vfdêt zf-tfmDb.' kJb zfïfr kfzftf hstb, `zfmfv hf¦lf zfmfv iawQnf jvt.'
zk}iv hf¦lf pJb hst, `zfvvfrmf-dbv vfrDm.' kJb zfïfr hstb, `hf¦lf zfmfv
²Âdk hBGbf jvt.' zfhfv hf¦lf pJb hst, `mf-dtdj qAf…dmÜDb.' kJb zfïfr
kfzftf hstb, `hf¦lf zfmfv soZvh hBGbf jvt.' hf¦lf pJb hst, `ƒqAf-jf bf'hclc
zƒqAf-jf bf²Àf„b.' kJb zfïfr hstb, `ˆef zfmfv W zfmfv hf¦lfv mfsU. zfv
zfmfv hf¦lf kfƒ ifq, pf sn iafKGbf jsv.' zk}iv hf¦lf pJb hst, `ƒrdlbfn dn¶vf-
k¶ft mc²ÀfjDm. dn¶vf-k¶fïfpDbf zfbzfmkf zftfƒdrm, ofƒdvt mfop¶Cdh zftfƒdrm
ztfp¶ p¶f-ïDb.' kJb zfïfr hstb, `ˆ nh djYc zfmfv hf¦lfv ubA. zfv zfmfv hf¦lf
pf yfq, kfƒ ifsh.« (mc} 395, zflf}, dk}, zfzf}, iamcJ, dm} 823bQ)
ª…©mct jcvzfb (jcvzfsbv ubbD nCvf Ifdkrf) ˆv mk zfïfr zfpXpf zufïX
kfWvfsk ˆhQ ƒdÓst sjfb djYcƒ zhkDBG jsvb db. ˆƒ (nCvfƒ) rt (bfmfsp iaskAj
vfjzfsk) idEk 7de zfqfk ˆhQ mrf jcvzfb, pf zfmfsj lfb jvf rsqsY.« (bf}, rf},
dk}, dm} 2142 bQ)
bfmfp HctjfvD nfrfhDsj mrfbhD  ˆƒ nCvf kfv bfmfsp ifE jvsk zfslw
dlsqdYstb. (hc} ucp…t dj¶vfzfr, dnnfb} 98ix}) zkˆh bfmfsp ˆ nCvf ifE jvf Ivp ˆhQ
kf bfmfspv ˆjde v¢jXb.

`äf-ïDb' bf `pf-ïDb'
nCvf Ifdkrf ifsEv nmq pdl sj… kfv ˆjde rvsIv …¤yfvB zbA rvsIv mk jsv
isV, kfrst ˆƒ mrf v¢jXb zflfq nrDr rsh bf. ‰ rvI (zfqfk)sj icb} wcÝ
jsv
iVf uv¢vD. spmb pdl sj…
‫ع‬sj


,
…
sj

//I
,
‫
ط‬sj
B
isV kfrst kfv Ifdkrf
wcÝ
rsh bf. (zbcv™i sp sjfb nCvfƒ.)
zfvhD hBGmftfv nhsysq jdEbkm …¤yfdvkhA z[v rt
‫ض‬.
ˆvW hfQtfq sjfb
nm-…¤yfvBshfLj z[v sbƒ. pfv ubA ˆj swaBDv stJj ˆv …¤yfvB jvsk `p'
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97

dtsJb ˆhQ zbA swaBDv stJj dtsJ Kfsjb `l' hf `ä'.
zKy
…Hq
…¤yfvBƒ Hct.
i[f§Àsv p]fvf `u'-ˆv …¤yfvB jsvb, k]fvfW Hct jsvb. zhwA ±ió
`l'-ˆv
…¤yfvB
zfsvf mfvfk¹j Hct.
zfnst
‫ˆض‬v
…¤yfvB rq dusHv djbfvf (Fof bq)
ˆhQ
…isvv mfdVv (siNj)
l]fskv
±iswG. pf `p' W `l'-ˆv mLAhkGD
…¤yfvB. zhwA `p' hf

ˆv mk
…¤yfvB
ndEjkfv zsbj jfYfjfdY. i[f§Àsv `l'-ˆv …¤yfvB dusHv …idv zQw W nfmsbv
l]fskv mfdVv sofVfv ±iswG rsq Kfsj. nckvfQ
‫ˆض‬v
…ÙÁ
…¤yfvB jvf sbrfkƒ Hct.
(slJcb mcm} 3/91-94)

‫ˆض‬v
…¤yfvB

hf `p'-ˆv jfYfjfdY rWqfv zfsvf
ˆjde ltDt
ˆƒ sp, zfvshv
stfj wa¢dkdtJsbv nmq wsèv
‫ ض‬z[vsj

dtsJ
ˆhQ jJsbf hf
 z[svv
s[sÛ
‫

ض‬dtsJ Hct jsv Kfsjb. zfv
ˆ
jKf iÛ-idÛjf
ˆhQ hù hƒ-ic²ÀsjW
zfvhD ifEsjv busv isV.
nckvfQ zfdm msb jdv sp,
‫ ض‬pJb

ˆv ufk Hfƒ ˆhQ
‫ˆ د‬v ufk Hfƒ bq, kJb
kfv …¤yfvB dtJsk `p' z[v dtJfƒ pcdÙÁpcÙÁ.
zhwA kfv dbsy sYfe `h' tfdosq `p¶'
dtJst
 sKsj ifKGjA dbhGfyb jvf nru rq.

`zf-mDb' htf
nCvf Ifdkrf swN jsv bhD mchfwXdwv  (survD bfmfsp) nwsè sesb `zf-mDb'
htskb. (hc} ucp…t dj¶vfzfr, zflf} 932, 933bQ)
iv§Â
dkdb mcÙÁflDslvsj
ƒmfsmv `zfmDb' htf wcv¢ jvfv iv `zfmDb' htsk
zfslw dlsqsYb. dkdb hstb, ªƒmfm pJb `ofƒdvt mfop¶Cdh zftfƒdrm ztfp p¶f-ïDb'
htsh, kJb skfmvf `zfmDb' ht. jfvB, dIdvñfhoG `zfmDb' hst Kfsjb. zfv

ƒmfmW `zfmDb' hst. (zbA ˆj hBGbf msk) ƒmfm pJb `zfmDb' htsh, kJb
skfmvfW `zfmDb' ht. jfvB, pfv `zfmDb' htf dIdvñfhsoGv `zfmDb' htfv nfsK
nfsK rq- (zbA
ˆj hBGbfq) skfmfslv sj… pJb bfmfsp `zfmDb' hst ˆhQ dIdvñfhoG
zfjfsw `zfmDb' hstb, zfv iv±isvv `zfmDb' htf ˆjƒ nfsK rq -kJb kfv
iCshGjfv ifivfdw mfI jsv slWqf rq.« (slJcb, hc} 780-782, 4475, 6402, mc}, zflf}
932-933, 935-936, bf}, lf})
mrfbhD  zfsvf hstb, ªƒmfm `ofƒdvt mfop¶Cdh zftfƒdrm ztfp p¶f-ïDb' htst
skfmvf `zfmDb' ht. kfrst (nCvf Ifdkrfq …sïdJk lczf) zfïfr skfmfslv ubA
mÓcv jsv sbshb.« (k¶fhf}, nkf} 513bQ) htfƒ hfùtA sp, `zfmDb' ˆv zKG `jhct hf
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98

mÓcv jv.'
ƒhsb ucvfƒu hstb, zfdm zfk¶f-sj duÎfnf jvtfm, `nCvf Ifdkrf ifsEv iv
ƒhsb
pchfƒv `zfmDb' htskb dj?' …Ùsv zfk¶f htstb, `rA]f, zfv k]fv iÇyfsk mcÙÁflDvfW
`zfmDb' htk.
ˆmbdj (`zfmDb'-ˆv
ÈÓvsB) mndul mcJdvk rsq
…Ek.' zk}iv
dkdb htstb, `zfmDb' skf ˆj iajfv lczf. (zfvf} 2640 bQ, mcrfïf 3/364, hc} kf'tDj, Ihf} 2/306)
zfhC ùvfƒvf
mfvWqfb dhb rfjfsmv mczfpdpb dYstb. dkdb wkG tfofstb sp,
`zfdm jfkfsv wfdmt rsq sodY ˆ jKf bf ufbfv iCshG (ƒmfm mfvWqfb) spb `ztfp
p¶f-ïDb' bf hstb.' nckvfQ mfvWqfb `ztfp p¶f-ïDb' htst zfhC ùvfƒvf sesb
`zfmDb' htskb. (hf} 2/59, hc} kf'tDj, Ihf} 2/306)
bfsI' hstb, ƒhsb …mfv `zfmDb' htf kAfo jvskb bf. dkdb k]fv mcÙÁflDoBsjW
`zfmDb' htsk
…äcÝ
jvskb. (hc} kf'tDj, Ihf} 2/306-307)
isvv ‰w¶pG, …âdk hf mÌt slsJ jfkv hf
„NGfd¦hk rsq sn nshv L¶Qn jfmbfv bfmƒ
ivwaDjfkvkf hf drQnf. ƒqfùl ˆmb ˆj ufdk, sp nhGlf mcndtmslv m¦l jfmbf jsv
ˆhQ kfslv iaskAj mÌt W
…âdkv …iv L¶Qn-jfmbf W drQnf jsv. sjfb …âdk W
mÌstv
…iv kfslv hV drQnf rq. zfhfv sjfbv
…iv sYfe drQnf. dj§Â
mcndtmslv
nmCr mÌstv msLA ucmzfr, djhtfr, nftfm W
ƒmfsmv diYsb `zfmDb' htfv …iv
Wslv drQnf nhsysq hV drQnf.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªƒqfùl sjfb djYcv …iv skfmfslv zkef drQnf jsv bf, pkef
nftfm W `zfmDb' htfv …iv jsv.« (ƒmf}, ƒJc}, nkf} 512bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªWvf ucmzfr -pf zfmvf ndEjv™si sisqdY, zfv Wvf ifq db,
djhtfr -pf zfïfr zfmfslvsj ndEjv™si lfb jsvsYb, dj§Â
Wvf
ˆ
hAfifsvW
ëó

dYt, zfv
ƒmfsmv iÇyfsk zfmfslv `zfmDb' htfv
…isv pkef drQnf jsv, kkef
drQnf zfmfslv zbAfbA dhNsqv
…iv jsv bf.« (zf}, nkf} 512bQ)
iajfw sp, `zfmDb' W `zf-mDb' …Hq htfƒ wcÝ. (nkf} 278ix}) ƒmfsmv `zfmDb'
htsk `zf-' wcv¢ jvfv iv ƒmfsmv nfsKƒ mcÙÁflDv `zfmDb' htf …dyk. ƒmfsmv
htfv iCshG hf isv htf ƒmfsmv ˆj iajfv dhv¢ÝfyvB, pf dbdNÝ. (mcm} 3/97, dnn} 6/81)

sufsv `zfmDb' bf htfv ˆjde sJf] Vf pdc ÙÁ

ƒmfsmv iÇyfsk db}wsè `zfmDb' htfv nmKGjvf nwsè `zfmDb' htfv diYsb Uft
Lvfsbf pcdÙÁ
siw jsv Kfsjb sp, `nfrfhfvf bhDv diYcsk bfmfp iVsk iVsk ifdtsq
spskb! kfƒ dkdb njtsj sufsv `zfmDb' htsk zfslw jsvdYstb, pfsk dkdb
hcUsk ifsvb, k]fvf diYcsk mucl zfsYb!!'
zftof dusHv ˆƒ sJ]fVf pcdÙÁsk vsqsY lcde zihfl; iaKmk} nfrfhfosBv bfmfspv
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99

iadk zbDrf iajfw kKf bfmfp W vnCt  sj kAfo jsv ifdtsq pfWqfv zihfl!
däkDqk} mrfbhD  ˆv kvdhqsk Û¢de Kfjfv zihfl! zKy k]fv kvdhqk
ˆmb
dYt sp, nfrfhfoB kDvdhÝ
zh²¿fskW bfmfp isV sosYb. jfkv rsq bfmfp sYsV slb
db. kfYfVf zfïfrv vnCt  bfmfspv msLA bhczskv smfrv äfvf dbsuv diYsb
nfrfhfslv v¢jc-dnulf slJsk siskb. (hc}, mc} dm} 868 bQ) zkˆh k]fvf bfmfsp zfsYb,
bf ifdtsq pfs¤Yb kf ufbfv ubA sufsv `zfmDb' htfsj hAhrfv k]fv dj iasqfub
dYt? zfv pdl kfƒ rq, kfrst mfosvh W ˆwfv swN kxkDq W ykcKG vfjXzfsk ˆhQ
spfrv-zfnsv dj hAhrfv jvskb? iv§Â
dkdb
öqQ sjb sufsv `zfmDb' htskb?
htfƒ hfùtA sp, ˆef rt hÙÁfv nrDr ncâfrv iadk zhÎf W zbDrfv hdr}iajfw.
zfv ˆv It zhwAƒ Hfstf bq.

`nfjk
X fr' hf [Bjft bDvhkf
nCvf Ifdkrf ifsEv iv ˆjec nfjkfr jvf hf djYc bf isV dhvdk sbWqf n©isjG
hdBGk rflDn nrDr bq. (ƒo} 505, pƒmf} 844, 845, pzflf} 163/777, pdk} 42, dnp} 547bQ) nckvfQ
zbcv™i dhvdk ˆhQ dhswN jsv mcÙÁflDoBsj nCvf Ifdkrf ifsEv ncspfo slWqfv

…sÜswA
ƒmfsmv dhvdk zdhsLq kKf dhlzfk. (dm} 1/295, 4bQ eDjf, dnp} 2/26, mcm} 3/102)

Ifdkrfv iv zbA nCvf ifE

`zfmDb' htfv iv bhD mchfwXdwv  zbA ˆjde nCvf ifE jvskb. zfhC nf„l JclvD

hstb, `zfmfslvsj zfslw jvf rsqsY sp, zfmvf spb nCvf Ifdkrf ˆhQ nfLAmk
zbA nCvf ifE jdv.' (zflf} 818bQ)
zfhC ùvfƒvf
hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt  zfmfsj ˆƒ sOfNBf jvsk zfslw jvstb
sp, ªnCvf Ifdkrf ˆhQ zdkdvÙÁ
zbA nCvf ifE YfVf bfmfp rsh bf.« (‰
820bQ)
iaskAj nCvf ifE jvfv iCshG `dhndmïf-drv vfrmf-dbv vfrDm' htf ncâk. (zflf} 784,
788bQ) zhwA nCvfv wcv¢ zQw sKsj bf iVst, zKGf{ nCvfv mLA hf swNfQw rsk ifE
jvst `dhndmïfdrv---' htf dhsLq bq. jfvB, nCvfv mfsU kf sbƒ. (mcm} 3/105) nCvf
bfmstv mfsU `dhndmïfr'v jKf ök§Ã.
ˆƒ nCvf bhD  jJsbf jJsbf tìf iVskb. dkdb htskb,
ªsp bfmfspv djqfm tìf,
sn bfmfpƒ swaôkm bfmfp.« (mc}, k¶frf}, dm} 800bQ)
jJsbf hf nIv, jfdw, znc²¿kf zKhf sjfb dwwcv jfâf swfbfv jfvsB nQd[å
W sYfe
nCvfW iVskb. spmb zfbfn
hstb,
ˆjlf bhD  Iusvv bfmfsp jcvzfb
mfuDslv nhsysq sYfe nCvf lc'de ifE jvstb. stfsjvf duÎfnf jvt,
`ˆk nQs[i
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100

jvstb sjb?' dkdb htstb,
ªˆj dwwcv jfâf wcbtfm. Hfhtfm, Wv mf zfmfslv

nfsK bfmfp iVsY. kfƒ Wv mf-sj Wv ubA (kfVfkfdV) Icvnk slWqfv ƒ¤Yf
jvtfm.« (zf}, ƒhsb zfhD lf†l, mfnfdrI, dnnfb} 102-103ix})
dkdb zfsvf htskb sp, ªzfdm bfmfsp msbfdbshw jsv ƒ¤Yf jdv sp, bfmfp tìf
jvh. dj§Â
dwwcv jfâf wcsb bfmfp nQs[i jsv dbƒ. jfvB, ufdb sp, dwwc j]flst
(bfmfsp mwÈt) kfv mfsqv mb jdEbHfsh hAdKk rsh.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 1130 bQ)
zdLjfQw bfmfsp dkdb nCvfv iaKm sKsj wcv¢ jsv swN zhdL ifE jvskb. dkdb
htskb, ªiaskAj nCvfsj kfv v¢jc W dnulfv zQw ialfb jv.« (ƒzfwf} 3711 bQ, zf},
mfjslnD) ªˆj-ˆjde nCvfv ubA ˆj-ˆjde vfjzfk.« (ƒhsb bfnXv, k¶frf}) zKGf{, ˆj
vfjzfsk ˆjde iCBG nCvf iVf …Ùm. (dnnfb} 103ix})
zfhfv jJsbf dkdb ˆjde nCvfsj lcƒ vfjzfsk (zfLfzfdL Hfo jsv) ifE jvskb.
jJsbf hf ˆjde nCvfsjƒ …Hq vfjzfskƒ (iCBvG ™si) iVskb. (Iusvv bfmfsp dj¶vfzfk û})
zfhfv sjfb sjfb bfmfsp ˆj vfjzfskƒ lcƒ hf kskfdLj nCvf ˆjsÛ
iVskb.
mrfbhD  ˆj hAdÙÁsj
ˆj durfslv snbfidkv™si siavB jvstb. sn kfslv
bfmfsp ƒmfmdkjfst iaskAj nCvfv swsN `j¶ct ùzïfù zfrfl' spfo jsv dj¶vfzfk swN
jvk. pJb kfvf dIsv ˆt kJb sn jKf zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv dbje …sïJ jvt.
dkdb htstb, ªskfmvf Wsj duÎfnf jv, sjb ˆmbde jsv?« nckvfQ kfvf Wsj
duÎfnf jvst stfjde htt, `jfvB, nCvfdesk ivm lqftc (zfïfrv) ocBfhtD hdBGk
rsqsY. kfƒ zfdm Wefsj (hfvhfv) iVsk Hfstfhfdn.' ˆjKf wcsb dkdb htstb,
ªWsj nQhfl lfW sp, zfïfr zfpXpf zufïXfW Wsj Hfstf hfsnb.« (hc} 7375 bQ, mc} 813 bQ)
jchfv mndusl ˆj hAdÙÁ
zfbnfvslv
ƒmfmdk jvk. (nCvf Ifdkrfv iv) zbA nCvf
pf iVk, kf skf iVkƒ. dj§Â
kfv iCshG nCvf
ƒJtfnW iaskAj vfjzfskƒ ifE jvk.
kfv mcÙÁflDvf kfsj htt, `zfidb
ˆƒ nCvf iaKsm ifE jvsYb. zk}iv kf psKó
msb
bf jsv zfhfv zbA
ˆjde nCvf ifE jvsYb! rq zfidb Wefƒ iVcb, bsy{ Wef sYsV
zbA nCvf iVcb.' ƒmfm htt, zfdm Wef iVsk YfVh bf. skfmvf yfƒst zfdm
skfmfslv bfmfsp ˆƒHfshƒ ƒmfmdk jvh, bsy{ skfmfslv ziY¦l rst ƒmfmdkƒ
kAfo jvh. stfjde spsrkc kfslv sysq Hft W spfoA dYt, kfƒ kfvf ‰ ƒmfmsj kAfo
jvsk ziY¦l jvt. dj§Â
mrfbhD  kfslv dbje
…id²¿k rst kfvf
‰
hAfifv Jcst
htt. bhD  kfsj htstb,
ªsr zmcj! skfmfv mcÙÁflDvf pf jvsk htsY, kf jv bf
sjb? zfv sjbƒ hf ‰ nCvfdesj dbqdmk iaskAj vfjzfsk ifE jsv Kfj?« stfjde
htt, `zfdm nCvfdesj Hfstfhfdn.' mrfbhD  htstb, ª‰ nCvfdev iadk Hfstfhfnf
skfmfsj ufâfsk iashw jvfsh.« (hc} jfef nbsl 774 bQ, ndk} 2323 bQ)
nCvfv mfUJfb sKsjW jkj zfqfk ifE jvf pfq. spsrkc zfïfr kfzftf hstb,
‫ن‬g1U ْ ‫
א‬34
1.
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4
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101

zKGf{, ---jfsuƒ jcvzfsbv pkecjc zQw ifE jvf skfmfslv ubA nru, kkecjc
skfmvf ifE jv. (jc} 73/20)
bfmfp HctjfvD nfrfhDsjW vnCt  hstdYstb, ªzk}iv jcvzfb sKsj pkecjc
skfmfv ubA nru rq kkecjc ifE jv.« (hc}, mc}, iamcJ, dm} 790 bQ) kfYfVf dkdb Iusvv
ncâsk iaKm vfjzfsk nCvf hfj¶fvfv 136 bQ zfqfk ˆhQ däkDq vfjzfsk nCvf zf-st

ƒmvfsbv 64 bQ zfqfk ifE jsvdYstb. (mc}, dm} 843 bQ) zfv ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, pf bIt
bfmfsp iVf pfq, kf Ivp bfmfspW (sjfb zfidÙv ltDt bf Kfjst) iVf pfsh. zfv
iVf zfidÙjv rst dbÇyq kfv hBGbf Kfjk. spmb nfrfhfoB pJb mrfbhD  ˆv …e
W nWqfvDv …iv bIt ˆhQ dhkXv bfmfp iVfv jKf hBGbf jsvb, kJbƒ kfv nfsK ˆ
jKfW hBGbf jsvb sp, `zhwA dkdb nWqfvDv …iv Ivp bfmfp iVskb bf.' (hc}
1098, mc} 700bQ)
ksh ˆj vfjzfsk iCBG ˆjde nCvf ˆhQ nCvfv wcv¢ zQw sKsj ifE jvfƒ zfIpt.
(mcm} 3/103-104, 334, 360)

djv
¶ fzfsk pf m²
c fÀ rfh
zfïfrv vnCt  (kfrfÏcslv) bfmfsp pJb jcvzfb iVskb, kJb LDsv LDsv
iVskb. sjfb knhDrv zfqfk ifE jvst knhDr iVskb, sjfb iafKGbfv zfqfk ifE
jvst iafKGbf jvskb
ˆhQ sjfb zfwaq iafKGbfv zfqfk ifE jvst zfïfrv dbje
zfwaq iafKGbf jvskb. (mc} 772 bQ)
hAfifvde bIt bfmfspv rstW Ivp bfmfspW zfmt jvf ShL. (mcm} 3/396)
dkdb nCvf djqfmfr ˆv swN zfqfk,

n' /ْ ‫
א‬n/ :  
‫

ن‬n/+
ٍ‫ د‬/U$
L/‫
ذ‬R /
 
(zKGf{ dpdb ˆk djYc jsvb dkdb dj mxksj icbuDGdhk jvsk n[m bb?) iVst
uWqfsh htskb,
n/#?
L :# /E (nchrf-bfjf Ifhftf), zKGf{ kcdm idhÛ, zhwAƒ
(kcdm n[m).
nCvf zf'tfv iaKm zfqfk,
n/+f ‫
א‬L/D$

S /E‫
א‬0h#D /E zKGf{ skfmfv iadkiftsjv
bfsmv idhÛkf sOfNBf jv) ifE jvst uWqfsh htskb, n//+f ‫
א‬n/$D 
‫ن‬:# /E

(nchrfbf vfdêqft zf'tf. zKGf{ zfdm zfmfv mrfb iadkiftsjv idhÛkf sOfNBf
jvdY). (zflf} 883, 884bQ, hf})
zfïfmf zfthfbD hstb, …ÙÁ
zfqfkäsqv uWqfsh
…ÙÁ
lczf htfv hAfifvef nfLfvB;
zKGf{, dj¶vfzfk bfmfsp srfj hf kfv hfƒsv, Ivsp srfj hf bIst nhGs[sÛ
…ÙÁ

uWqfh slWqf pfsh. zfhC mCnf zfwzfvD
ˆhQ
…vWqfr dhb mcoDvfr Ivp bfmfsp
…ÙÁ

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102

lczf htskb. (ƒzfwf} 8639, 8640, 8645 bQ)

ˆjlf mrfbhD  nfrfhDslv dbje nCvf vrmfb wcv¢ sKsj swN ipG§À ifE jvstb.
nfrfhDoB bDvh hsn sktfzk wcbdYstb. dkdb htstb, ªsp vfsÛ
zfmfv dbje dusbv
lt zfsn, sn vfsÛ
zfdm
…ÙÁ
nCvf Wslv dbje ifE jvst Wvf nc¦lv uWqfh dld¤Yt.
pJbƒ zfdm ifE jvdYtfm,
‫ن‬0 $DXT '
T
$D 
\M g
DW& # ? 
(zKGf{, skfmvf skfmfslv iadkiftsjv sjfbX dbqfmksj zöDjfv jv?) kJbƒ kfvfW
ˆv uWqfsh htdYt,
K)  :
 ْ ‫
א‬L?
،XD T
 
"$< 
L 7 D
34D
Z\
m
 $
M
…¤yfvB}-- tf dhwfƒƒm dmb dbzf'dmjf vfêfbf bcjfpdphc, Iftfjft rfmXlX.
…¤yfvB}
zKG}- skfmfv sbqfmknmCsrv sjfb djYcsjƒ zfmvf zn¶Djfv jdv bf sr zfmfslv
iadkiftj! (dk}, dnn} 2150bQ)
ˆ skf sot ƒmfm hf ˆjfjD bfmfpDv jKf. dj§Â
mcÙÁflD rst
ƒmfm yci sKsj ‰ nm²À
lczf ifE jvst snW iVsk ifsv. bsy{ ƒmfm yci bf rst ƒmfsmv dj¶vfzfk ytfjfst
‰ nm²À uWqfh iVf ShL bq. jfvB, dj¶vfzfskv nmq ƒmfsmv iÇyfsk nCvf Ifdkrf
YfVf zbA djYc iVfv zbcmdk sbƒ. (mcm} 3/394)
dj¶vfzfsk mcnrfsIv kvkDh (zbcÛÁm) hufq svsJ ifE jvf mc²Àfrfh. zKGf{, däkDq
nCvf hf däkDq vfjzfsk sp nCvf ifE jvsh, kf spb mcnrfsI iaKsm idEk nCvfv isv
rq. zhwA
ˆv dhivDk jvf slfNfhr bq; hvQ ShL. spmb mrfbhD

ˆv kfrfÏcslv
dj¶vfzfsk zfmvf ufbsk ifvh. (mh} 19/148, dnnfb} 104ix}, 4bQ eDjf)
mrfbhD  zfïfrv zfslw zbcnfsv LDsv LDsv ±ió
W nc¦lvHfsh jcvzfb ifE
jvskb; kfVfùsVf jsv wDOakfv nfsK bq. hvQ ˆj ˆjef rvI ±ióHfsh
…¤yfvB
jsv ifE jvskb. (ƒhbct mchfvj, pcrXl, zflf}, zf} dnnfb} 124ix})
dkdb htskb, ªjcvzfb sktfzkjfvDsj ivjfst htf rsh, `iVsk Kfj ˆhQ
mpGflfq …âDk rsk Kfj. zfv (LDsv LDsv, wcÝHfsh jcvzfb) zfhxdÙ
jv, spmb lcdbqfq
zh²¿fbjfst zfhxdÙ
jvsk. spsrkc pf kcdm ifE jvsk kfv nhGswN zfqfskv dbje
skfmfv
²¿fb rsh.« (zflf}, bf}, dk}, nuf} 8122 bQ)
dkdb `rvsI-mfÜX ' (zfdtI, Wqf… W ƒqf)sj sesb iVskb. (hc}5045, zflf} 1465 bQ)
jJsbf jJsbf dhbma ncsv `zf-zf-zf' wsè zbcvdBk js÷ jcvzfb sktfzk jvskb.
(hc} 7540, mc})
dkdb jcvzfb mLcv ncsv ifE jvsk zfslw jvskb; htskb }-
ªskfmfslv (ncdmó)
wè äfvf jcvzfbsj snZ¦lpGmdàk jv. jfvB, mLcv wè
jcvzfsbv snZ¦lpG hxdÝ
jsv.« (hc} kf'tDj, zflf} 1468, lf}, rf})
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103

ªjcvzfb ifsE nhsysq swaô zfWqfu kfv, pfv jcvzfb ifE jvf wcsb msb rq, sn
zfïfrv Hsq HDk-n§Ã²À.« (pcrXl, ƒhbct mchfvj, lf}, k¶fhf}, iamcJ, dnnfb} 125 ix})
ªskfmvf zfïfrv djkfh dw[f jv, (ifE jvfv mfLAsm) kfv pk´ jv, kf Osv vfJ
ˆhQ ncsvtf js÷ kf sktfzk jv. jfvB, …e spmb vdwv háb sKsj zkdjGsk shv
rsq pfq, kfv sysq zdLj zkdjGsk jcvzfb (n¹xdk sKsj) shv rsq (dhn¹xk rsq)
pfq.« (lf}, zf} 4/146, 150, 153, 397)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsn hAdÙÁ
zfmfv ltHcÙÁ
bq, sp ncsvtf js÷ jcvzfb isV bf.«
(zflf} 1471, 1479, rf})
jcvzfb ifEjfst dkdb iaskAj zfqfk swsN Kfmskb. (zflf}, rf}, ƒo} 343 bQ)
mrfbhD  ˆjƒ hf jfYfjfdY zKGshfLj lcƒ nCvfsj jJsbf jJsbf ˆjƒ vfjzfsk
ifE jvskb. (hc} 775, mc} 722 bQ) nCvf vrmfb (55bQ nCvf / 78 zfqfk dhdwó)
W bfuXm (53/62)

ˆj vfjzfsk, nCvf
ƒj¶kfvfhfk (54/55) W rf-Ķfr (69/52)
ˆj vfjzfsk, nCvf k¶Cv
(52/49) W pfdvqfk (51/60) ˆj vfjzfsk, nCvf Wqf-dj¶zfr (56/96) W bCb (68/52)
ˆj vfjzfsk, nCvf mfzf-dvu (70/44) W bf-dpzfk (79/46) ˆj vfjzfsk, nCvf
mck¶fIXdIIDb (83/36) W zfhfnf (80/42) ˆj vfjzfsk, nCvf mcÜfNXdNv (74/56) W
mcpXpfd©mt (73/20) ˆj vfjzfsk, nCvf lfrXv (76/31) W dj¶qfmfr (75/40) ˆj
vfjzfsk, nCvf bfhf (78/40) W mcvnftfk (77/50) ˆj vfjzfsk ˆhQ nCvf lcJfb
(44/59) W kfjhDv (kfjHDv) (81/29) ˆj vfjzfsk ifE jvskb. (zflf} 1396 bQ)
zfhfv jJsbf jJsbf nCvf hfj¶fvfr, zf-st ƒmvfb W dbnfv mk hV hV nCvfsjW
ˆjƒ vfjzfsk ifE jvskb. (mc} 772 bQ)

survD W dnvDG bfmfp

sp bfmfsp dj¶vfzfk nwsè W sufsv rq kfsj survD ˆhQ pfsk db}wsè W ycsiycsi
rq kfsj dnvGD bfmfp htf rq.
Iuv W ucmzfv …Hq vfjzfsk ˆhQ mfodvh W ˆwfv iaKm lc' vfjzfsk survD,
zfv spfrv W zfnsvv njt vfjzfsk ˆhQ mfosvshv swN ˆj W ˆwfv swN lcƒ
vfjzfsk dnvGD dj¶vfzfk dhsLq.
nfLfvB ncâk W bIt bfmfspv dj¶vfzfk dnvGD. hfjD bfmfspv dj¶vfzfk dhNqj mntf
pKf²¿fsb zfstfdyk rsh
ƒb wfzfïfr.
bfmfpD ˆjfjD rstW survD bfmfsp survD dj¶vfzfk kfv ubA ncâk. zhwA sn ˆmb
sufsv dj¶vfzfk jvsk ifsv bf, pfsk ziv bfmfpD, dpjXvjfvD hf dbdûk hAdÙÁv dFófhG
rq. (Iƒ} 1/269)
mdrtfv dj¶vfzfskv wè kfv sjfb shofbf icv¢N wcbsk ifsh -ˆƒ zfwËf Kfjst sn
survD dj¶vfzfk jvsk ifsv bf. ˆmb zfwËf bf Kfjst kfv ubAW survD bfmfsp
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104

survD dj¶vfzfk ncâk. (I…} 1/353)

dnvGD bfmfsp pdl sj… survD dj¶vfzfk Hct jsv jsvƒ sIst, kfrst kfv ubA swsN
zfv nù dnulfv iasqfub sbƒ. spsrkc sjfb ncâk kAfo hf mjv™r zfmt jsv sItst
nù dnulfv lvjfv rq bf. (mh} 16/137)
survD bfmfspv dj¶vfzfk sufsv, dnvGD bfmfspv dj¶vfzfk ycsiycsi ˆhQ jkj survD
bfmfspv jsqj vfjzfsk dnvGD dj¶vfzfk sjb rt kfv drjmk W pcdÙÁ
±ió
bq. spmb
spfrv, zfnv W
ˆwfv bfmfp yfv vfjzfk, mfosvshv dkb vfjzfk
ˆhQ Iusvv lcƒ
vfjzfk sjb rt kfvW sjfb ndEj uWqfh sbƒ. nckvfQ ˆ nshv drjmk zfïfrƒ
ufsbb.
if] y-zÙÁ
bfmfsp nâ
c kD dj¶vfzfk
nCvf Ifdkrfv iv bfmfpD kfv dbsuv mcJ²¿
W nru mk zbA sp sjfb
ˆjde nCvf ifE
jvsk ifsv. zhwA jkjÈdt dhdwó
nCvf mrfbhD  dhswN bfmfsp ifE jvskb hst
zbcv™i ifE jvfsj ncâkD dj¶vfzfk hst. ˆ njt bfmfp W nCvfv dh²Àfdvk dhhvB
ufbfv iCshG jcvzfb mfuDslv s[sÛ
hAhr™k jsqjde idvHfNf susb sbWqf iasqfub.
jcvzfb mfuDlsj 7 Hfso dhHÙÁ
jvst swN Hfso sp nh nCvf isV kfv nmdósj
`mcIfnXn¶ft' htf rq. `Ifn¶Xt' mfsb idvs¤Yl. ˆƒ zQsw nCvf W idvs¤Yslv nQJAf
zdLj hst ˆsj `mcIfnXn¶ft' hf idvs¤Yl-hùt zQw htf rsq Kfsj. ndEj zdHmk
zbcnfsv ˆƒ zQswv iaKm nCvf rt nCvf j¶fI.
ˆƒ mcIfnXn¶ft zfhfv 3 Hfso dhHÙÁ;
nCvf j¶fI sKsj nCvf mcvnftfk ipG§À zQwsj
`dk¶Wqfst mcIfnXn¶ft' (lDOG idvs¤Yl-hùt zQw), nCvf bfhf sKsj nCvf tfƒt ipG§À
zQwsj `zf…nfsk¶ mcIfnXn¶ft' (mfUfdv idvs¤Yl-hùt zQw), zfv nCvf p¶crf sKsj swN
nCvf (bfn) ipG§À zQwsj `dj¶nfsv mcIfnXn¶ft' (sYfe idvs¤Yl-hùt zQw) htf rq.
(mcm} 3/105)

Iusvv bfmfsp ncâkD djv

¶ fzfk
bhD mchfwXdwv  Iusvv bfmfsp `dk¶Wqfst mcIfnXn¶ft' ifE jvskb. spsrkc ˆƒ
nmqde rt idvshw wf§À ˆhQ Ocm iCBG jvfv iv msb ±ICdkG Kfjfv Ist msbfspfo
nrjfsv jcvzfb sktfzskv nmq. kfYfVf mrfb zfïfr hstb,

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zKGf{, nCpG Tst pfWqfv iv rsk vfskv Ob zájfv ipG§À kcdm bfmfp jfsqm jv;
zfv dhswN jsv Iusvv jcvzfb (bfmfp jfsqm jv). jfvB, Iusvv jcvzfb (bfmfsp
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105

dIdvñf)
…id²¿k rsq Kfsj. (jc} 17/78)

ˆJfsb Iusvv jcvzfb hst Iusvv bfmfpsj hcdUsq ˆƒ jKfv ƒdÌk slWqf rsqsY
sp,
…ÙÁ
bfmfsp jcvzfb zdLj nmq Lsv iVf rsh. zfv kfv
Èv¢k¶ ˆk shwD sp, kfsk
dIdvñf
…id²¿k rsq Kfsjb.
dkdb …ÙÁ
bfmfsp jJsbf jJsbf nCvf Wqf-dj¶zfr hf zbcv™i nCvf ifE jvskb. (zf},
ƒJc}, rf}, dnnfb} 109ix})
dhlfqD rsÏv
ˆj Iusvv bfmfsp dkdb nCvf k¶Cv ifE jsvsYb. (hc} 1619 bQ)
jJsbf hf dkdb nCvf j¶fI hf zbcv™i nCvf iaKm vfjzfsk ifE jvskb. (mc}, dk}, dm} 835 bQ)
jJsbf jJsbf nCvf kfjhDv (ƒpfwX wfmnc jc…dhvfk) ifE jvskb. (mc}, zflf}, dm} 836 bQ)
ˆjlf Iusv dkdb nCvf dptpftsj …Hq vfjzfskƒ ifE jsvb. hBGbfjfvD nfrfhD
hstb, `dj§Â
ufdb bf sp, dkdb kf Hcst isV sIstsYb, bfdj
ƒ¤Yf jsvƒ isVsYb.'
(zflf}, hf}, dm} 862 bQ) nfLfvBk} pf hcUf pfq kf ˆƒ sp, mrfbhD  ‰v™i ShLkf hBGbfv
…sÜswAƒ ƒ¤Yf jsvƒ (ˆjƒ nCvf …Hq vfjzfsk ifE) jsvsYb. (dnnfb} 110ix})
ˆjlf ˆj nIsv dkdb Iusvv iaKm vfjzfsk nCvf Iftfj¶ W däkDq vfjzfsk nCvf
bfn ifE jsvsYb. (zflf} 1462, bf}, ƒJc}, ƒzfwf}, rf} 1/567, zf} 4/149, 150, 153, dm} 848 bQ)
…j¶hfr dhb zfsmv
sj dkdb hstsYb, ªskfmfv bfmfsp nCvf Iftfj¶ W bfn ifE
jv. (…Hq nCvfq vsqsY dhdHâ zdbójv dhNq sKsj zfwaq iafKGbf.) jfvB
ˆƒ lcƒ
(iafKGbfv) mk sjfb iafKGbf äfvf sjfb iafKGbfjfvD zfwaq iafKGbf jsv db.« (zflf}, 1463,
zf}, dnnfb} 110ix})
zfhfv jJsbf jJsbf ˆ nshv sysq tìf nCvfW ifE jvskb.
ˆƒ bfmfsp dkdb ˆj
vfjzfsk zKhf …Hq vfjzfsk 60 sKsj 100 zfqfk mk ifE jvskb. (hc} 771 bQ, mc})
jJsbf dkdb nCvf v™m ifE jvskb. (zf}, bf}, hfpXpfv) jJsbf ifE jvskb nCvf ƒqfnDb.
(zf}, dnnfb} 110ix})
ˆjlf mÄfq Iusvv bfmfsp dkdb nCvf mc'dmbCb wcv¢ jvstb, zk}iv mCnf W rfv™b
zKhf „nf  ˆv hBGbf ˆst (zKGf{ …ÙÁ
nCvfv 45 zKhf 50 zfqfk ifsEv iv)
k]fsj jfdwsk Lvst dkdb v¢jCsk yst pfb. (hc}, dhbf nbsl, Ihf} 2/298, mc}, dm} 837bQ)
zfhfv jJsbf jJsbf dkdb nCvf n¶f-IXIfk ifE jsv ƒmfmdk jvskb. (zf}, zfhC qAf'tf,
mfj¶slnD, dnnfb} 111ix})
ucmzfv dlb Iusv dkdb iaKm vfjzfsk nCvf nfulfr ˆhQ däkDq vfjzfsk nCvf
lfrXv ifE jvskb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 838 bQ)
rpvk …nmfb
Iusvv bfmfsp zdLjfQw nmsq nCvf ƒ…ncI W nCvf rÏ
LDsv LDsv
ifE jvskb. zhwA dkdb Iuv
…lq rWqfv nfsK nfsKƒ bfmfsp l]fdVsq spskb. (mf}
35, dm} 864 bQ)
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106

spfrsvv bfmfsp ncâkD djv

¶ fzfk
spfrsvv (iaKmjfv) …Hq vfjzfsk 30 zfqfk mk zKhf nCvf nfulfr ifE jvfv
mk nmq jcvzfb ifE jvskb. (zf}, mc}, dm} 829 bQ)
jJsbf dkdb nCvf k¶f-dvj¶, hcv™u, tfƒt hf zbcv™i sjfb nCvf ifE jvskb. (zflf} 805,
806, dk}, ƒJc}) zfhfv jJsbf jJsbf iVskb nCvf `ƒpfn nfmf-…b wfĶfk' hf zbcv™i sjfb
nCvf. (ƒJc} 511bQ)
nfrfhfoB  zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv lfdV drtf slsJ k]fv dj¶vfzfk iVf hcUsk
ifvskb. (hc} 760, zflf} 801 bQ)
jJsbf jJsbf dkdb mcÙÁflDoBsj zfqfk
(ˆjec wè jsv isV) wcdbsq dlskb. (hc},mc}828)
jJsbf jJsbf nfrfhfoB  k]fv dbje rsk spfrsvv bfmfsp nCvf zf'tf W ofdwqfrXv
ncv wcbsk siskb. (ƒJc} 512bQ)
jJsbf jJsbf dkdb spfrsvv dj¶vfzfk ˆk tìf jvskb sp, bfmfp wcv¢ rWqfv iv
sj… sj… hfjD' (mrfbhD  ˆv zfmst mlDbfv iCshG ˆhQ hkGmfsb mndusl bhhDv
iChG dlsj zbdk lCsv zhd²¿k Jfdt ufqof. hkGmfsb jhv²¿fb) dosq ifqJfbf dIsv
ˆsn
dbsuv hfdVsk Wpc jsv pJb mndusl zfnk, kJbW slJk mrfbhD  iaKm
vfjzfskƒ zfsYb. (mc} 454 bQ, hc} ucp…t dj¶vfzfr)
ˆ hAfifsv nfrfhfosBv LfvBf ˆƒ dYt sp, dkdb njtsj iaKm vfjzfk ifƒsq
slWqfv …sÜswAƒ ˆk tìf dj¶vfzfk iVskb. (zflf} 800 bQ, ƒJc})

zfnsvv bfmfsp ncâkD djv

¶ fzfk
zfnsvv bfmfsp bhD mchfwXdwv  iafq 15 zfqfk ifE jvfv mk dj¶vfzfk jvskb.
spfrsvv iaKm lc' vfjzfsk pkef iVskb kfv zsLGj iVskb zfnsvv iaKm lc'
vfjzfsk.
dkdb ˆ bfmfspW iVskb, nCvf zf'tf W nCvf tfƒt. (mc}, dm} 830 bQ) nCvf k¶fdvj¶ W
hcv™u. (zflf} 805 bQ) ˆskW dkdb jJsbf jJsbf mcÙÁflDslvsj zfqfk wcdbsq dlskb.

mfosvshv bfmfsp nâ
c kD dj¶vfzfk
mfosvshv bfmfsp jJsbf jJsbf dkdb `dj¶nfdv mcIfnXn¶ft' sKsj ifE jvskb. (hc}, mc},
dm} 853 bQ) ˆƒ nQs[siv Istƒ nfrfhfoB pJb bfmfp isV dIvskb kJb sj… kDv
YcV
] st k]fv kDv iVfv ²¿fbdesj slsJsk siskb. jfvB, kJbW shw
…϶t Kfjk.
(hc}, mc}, dm} 596 bQ)
jJsbf nIsv dkdb ˆv däkDq vfjzfsk nCvf kDb ifE jsvsYb. (k¶fqfstnD, zf}, dnnfb} 115 ix})
jJsbf hf dkdb `dk¶Wqfst mcIfnXn¶ft' W zfWnfsk¶ mcIfnXn¶ft'-ˆv nCvfW ifE
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107

jvskb. jJsbf iVskb nCvf mcrf©mfl. (ƒJc}, k¶fhf}, mfj¶slnD, dnnfb} 116 ix}) jJsbf ifE
jvskb nCvf k¶Cv. (hc}, mc}, dm} 831 bQ)
dkdb k]fv uDhsbv swN mfosvshv bfmfsp ifE jsvsYb nCvf mcvnftfk. (hc}, mc}, dm} 832 bQ)
jJsbf …Hq vfjzfskƒ isVsYb nCvf zf'vfI. (hc}, zflf}, ƒJc}, zf}, dm} 847 bQ)
jJsbf hf nCvf zfbIft. (k¶fhf}, dnnfb} 116 ix})

ˆwfv bfmfsp ncâkD djv

¶ fzfk
ˆwfv bfmfsp dkdb `zfWnfsk¶ mcIfnXn¶ft'-ˆv nCvf ifE jvskb. (bf}, zf}, dm} 853 bQ) jJsbf
iVskb, nCvf wfmXn hf zbcv™i zbA sjfb nCvf. (zf}, dk} 309 bQ) jJsbf nCvf ƒbdwj¶fj¶ iVskb
ˆhQ ˆv dnulfv zfqfsk dkdb sktfzskv dnulf jvskb. (hc} 766, mc}, bf})
jJsbf ifE jvskb nCvf kDb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 834 bQ)
dkdb mczfp
sj ˆwfv ƒmfmdksk tìf dj¶vfzfk iVsk dbsNL jsv hstdYstb,
ªkcdm dj stfjslvsj dIkbfq sItsk yfW sr mczfp? kcdm pJb ƒmfmdk jvsh kJb
`zwXwfmdn zp¶rc f-rf, nfdêdrnmf vfdêjft zf'tf, ƒj¶vf dhndm vfdêjf, zïfƒdt ƒpf
qAfowf' ifE jv. jfvB skfmfv iÇyfsk hxÝ,
lcht G W iasqfusb
…lXoaDh mfbcN bfmfp
isV Kfsj. (hc}, mc}, bf, dm} 833 bQ)
sjht Ifdkrf iVstW yst
1,2,3 hf 4 vfjzfk dhdwó
sp sjfbW bfmfspv iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf Ifdkrfv iv
zbA
ˆjde nCvf dmtfsbf yst, iaKm lc' vfjzfsk 1de dmdtsq swN lc' vfjzfsk bf
dmtfstW yst. zfhfv sjfb vfjzfskƒ nCvf Ifdkrfv iv zbA sjfb nCvf ifE bf
jvstW psKó
rq. iCshGfÙÁ
mczfp


ˆv hAfifsv zdHspfojfvD pchjsj zfïfrv vnCt
 duÎfnf jvstb,
ªkcdm pJb bfmfp iV kJb djv™i jv, sr Hfƒsif?« htt,
`zfdm nCvf Ifdkrf idV ˆhQ (kfwfrXùslv iv) zfïfrv dbje shsrñX yfƒ W slfpJ
sKsj zfwaq iafKGbf jdv. zfv zfdm zfibfv W mczfspv ÈÓb hcdU bf. bhD  htstb,

ªzfdm W mczfp
ˆvƒ Lfsv-ifsw ÈbXÈbX jdv.« (zflf} 793 bQ)
iCshG …sïdJk ˆj rflDsn …sïJ rsqsY sp, nCvf Ifdkrf-dhrDb bfmfp zidvBk W
zn©iCBG. (mc}, zfzf}, dm} 823 bQ) nckvfQ ˆ sKsj hcUf pfq sp, nCvf Ifdkrfdhdwó
bfmfp
idvBk W n©iCBG. zfv zbA nCvf ifE uv¢vD bq. (ƒJc} 1/258)
rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf
hstb, `iaskAj bfmfspƒ dj¶vfzfk zfsY. nckvfQ zfïfrv
vnCt  pf zfmfslvsj wcdbsqsYb, kf zfdm skfmfslvsj wcbftfm ˆhQ pf ycsiycsi
isVsYb, kf ycsiycsi iVtfm.' ˆj hAdÙÁ
htt, `pdl zfdm nCvf Ifdkrfv iv zbA
djYc bf idV?' dkdb htstb, `pdl zbA djYc iV kfrst
…Ùm. bf iVst nCvf Ifdkrfƒ
psKó.« (hc} 772, mc} 396 bQ)
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108

lwde nCvf ˆhQ kfv …¤yfvB W zbchfl

dbsm´ jsqjde sYfe sYfe nCvf …¤yfvB W zKGnr stJf rt. ˆÈdt ˆhQ zbAfbA zfsvf
hV nCvf jcvzfb mfuDl sKsj zKhf sjfb j¶fvDv mcJ sKsj wcsb mcJ²¿ jvf sbWqf
bfmfpDv jkGhA. iajfw Kfsj sp, jcvzfbD zfqfskv …¤yfvB zbA HfNfq jvf n©Hh bq
ˆhQ zsbj …tfmfv msk kf ShLW bq.
(1) nCvf bfn


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znWqf-dnt Jfâf-n. zfïfpD ƒ…Wqfndhnc ID nclCdvbX bf-n. dmbft duâfdk zbX bf-n.
zKG}- kcdm ht, zfdm zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY, mfbcsNv iadkiftj, mfbcsNv zLDw¶v,
mfbcsNv …ifsnAv jfsY- kfv jcm§ÃBfv zdbó rsk, sp ncspfomk zfsn W (jcm§ÃBf
dlsq) nsv isV. sp jcm§ÃBf slq mfbcsNv r™lsq, dub W mfbcsNv mLA rsk.
(2) nCvf Iftfj¶




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…¤yfvB} c zf†pc dhvdêt Iftfj¶. dmb wfdvG mf Jftfj¶. zdmb wfdvG of-dndj¶b
ƒpf zj¶fh. zdmb wfdvGbX bfIXIf-Nf-dk dIt …j¶fl. zdmb wfdvG rf-dndlb ƒpf rfnfl.
zKG}- kcdm ht, zfdm zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY †Nfv iaHcv dbje. dkdb pf nxdó jsvsYb
kfv zdbó rsk. ˆhQ vfskv zdbó rsk pJb kf oHDv zájfsv zf¤Yâ rq. ˆhQ
oad§¿sk Ic{jfdvBD (pflcjvD)slv zdbó rsk. ˆhQ drQncsjv zdbó rsk pJb sn drQnf
jsv.

(3) nCvf ƒJtfn



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…¤yfvB} c ùWqfïf-ù zfrfl. zfïf-ùn nfmfl. tfm qAfdtl, ztfm ƒ…tfl. ztfm
qAfjctX tfù jcIcWqfb zfrfl.
zKG}- ht, dkdb zfïfr ˆjj. zfïfr Hvnf²¿t. dkdb ubj bb ˆhQ ufkjW bb.
zfv k]fv nmj[ sj…ƒ sbƒ.
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…¤yfvB}
nfqAfn¶tf bf-vfb pf-kf tfrfh. zmvfzfkcù rf©mf-tfkft rfk¶fh. ID uDdlrf rfhtcm
dmm mfnfl.
zKG}- L¶Qn srfj zfhC tfrfshv lcƒ rfk ˆhQ L¶Qn srfj sn dbsuW. kfv Lb-n©il W
…ifduGk h²Â kfv sjfb …ijfsv zfnsh bf. sn iashw jvsh stdtrfb dwJfdhdwó
zdo´jsc à. zfv kfv ²ÃDW -sp jfsEv shfUf hrbjfdvBD. Wv otslsw sJucv syfjfv vdw
rsh.

(5) nCvf bfn¶Xv



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dr zfIWqfuf. Ifnfdêr dhrfmdl vfdêjf z²ÀfodIvù; ƒâfù jf-bf kf…Wqf-hf.
zKG}- pJb zfnsh zfïfrv nfrfpA W dhuq. kcdm slJsh mfbcNsj lst lst zfïfrv
äDsb iashw jvsk. kJb kcdm skfmfv iadkiftsjv niawQn idhÛkf sOfNBf jv ˆhQ
k]fv dbje [mf iafKGbf jv. dbÇyq dkdb [mfwDt.

(6) nCvf jf-dIv™b


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…¤yfvB} c ƒqf zfƒqcrft jf-dIv™b. tf- zf'hclc mf- kf'hclCb. ztf- zf§Âm zf'-
dhlCbf mf- zf'hcl. ztf- zfbf zf'-dhlcm mf zf'hfÙcm. ztf- zf§Âm zf'-dhlCbf mf-
zf'hcl. tfjcm lDbcjcm zdtqf lDb.
zKG}- ht, sr jfsIvlt! zfdm kfv …ifnbf jdv bf, pfv …ifnbf skfmvf jv.
skfmvfW k]fv …ifnj bW, p]fv …ifnbf zfdm jdv. zfdm kfv …ifnj rh bf, pfv
…ifnbf skfmvf jv. zfv skfmvfW k]fv …ifnj bW, p]fv …ifnbf zfdm jdv.
skfmfslv LmG skfmfslv ˆhQ zfmfv LmG zfmfv (jfsY diaq).

(7) nCvf jf…Nfv




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zKG}- db}ns¦lsr zfdm skfmfsj jf…nfv (rWp) lfb jsvdY. nckvfQ kcdm skfmfv
iadkiftsjv …sÜswA bfmfp iV ˆhQ jcvhfbD jv. dbÇyq skfmfv wÛ¢ƒ rt dbhGQw.

(8) nCvf j¶cvfƒw



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qAf'hclc vêf rf-pft hfƒkX. zfïfpD zfk¶Xzfmfùm dmb uC'. zzf-mfbfùm dmb Jf†IX.
zKG}- spsrkc jcvfƒswv ubA wDk W oaDs°mv nIvsj kfslv öHfhnctH jvf rsqsY,
snsrkc Wvf …ifnbf jv¢j ˆƒ oxsrv v[sjv. dpdb [cLfq Wslvsj zfrfv dlsqsYb
ˆhQ HDdk rsk dbvfil jsvsYb.

(9) nCvf IDt

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jfƒlfùm ID kfp¶tDt. zzfvnftf zftfƒdrm k¶fƒvfb zfhf-dht. kfvmDdrm
dhdrufvfdkm dmb dnÏDt. Ifufzftfùm jfzfn¶XdIm mf'jCt.
zKG}- kcdm dj slJ db, skfmfv iadkiftj r²ÀDhfdrbDv nsÌ dj jsvdYstb? dkdb dj
Wslv sjZwtsj hAKG jsv slb db? dkdb kfslv …iv U]fsj U]fsj ifdJ siavB jsvb.
pfvf Wslv …iv dbs[i jsv jËv. zk}iv dkdb Wslvsj Hd[k kxBnlxw jsv slb.

(10) nCvf zfnXv



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…¤yfvB}-- ztX zfnXv. ƒâft ƒbnf-bf tfID JcnXv. ƒïfïfpDbf zf-mfbC zzf'dmtcn n¶f-
…¤yfvB}
dtrf-dk zkfWqfn¶f… dht rfdĶ zkfWqfn¶f… dhnXn¶fhXv.
zKG}- mrfjfstv wiK! mfbcN zhwAƒ [dkoa²À. ksh kfvf bq, pfvf „mfb ˆsb
n{jmG jsvsY ˆhQ ˆsj zivsj nkA W SLspGv …islw dlsqsY.

vI…t qAflfƒb
nCvf ifE swN rst lm sbWqfv ubA bhD mchfwXdwv  ˆjec yci Kfjskb hf Kfmskb.
(zflf}, rf} 1/215) zk}iv dkdb dbsuv …Hq rfk lcdesj iCshGv bAfq jfsbv …idv
Hfo hf j]fL ipG§À kctskb. ˆ hAfifsv ˆk rflDn hdBGk rsqsY sp, kf `mckfWqfdkv'-
ˆv luGfq si]ZsY.
ƒhsb …mfv
hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt  pJb bfmfp wcv¢ jvskb, pJb v¢jC jvfv
ubA kjhDv dlskb ˆhQ v¢jC sKsj pJb mfKf kctskb kJb k]fv …Hq rfksj j]fL
hvfhv kctskb. zfv (v¢jC sKsj mfKf skftfv nmq) htskb, ªnfdmzf'ïf-ù dtmfb
rfdmlfr.« ksh dnulfv nmq ˆv™i (vIsq qAflfƒb) jvskb bf.' (hc}, mc}, dm} 793bQ)
mrfbhD  ˆv slsr yflv uVfsbf KfjstW rfk lcdesj yflv sKsj shv jsv `vIsq
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qAflfƒb' jsvsYb. nfrfhD Wqfƒt dhb ùuXv

hstb, dkdb slsJsYb sp, bhD  pJb
bfmfsp iashw jvstb, kJb lcƒ rfk kcst kjhDv hst rfk lcdesj jfisV Hsv
dbstb. zk}iv Ffb rfksj hfm rfskv …iv vfJstb. kfviv pJb v¢jC jvfv ƒ¤Yf
jvstb, kJb jfiV sKsj rfk lc'desj shv jsv icbvfq kcst kjhDv dlsq v¢jCsk
sostb. zk}iv pJb (v¢jC sKsj …sE) dkdb `nfdmzfïfù dtmfb rfdmlfr' htstb,
kJbW rfk kctstb. zfv pJb dnulf jvstb, kJb lcƒ rfskv sysefv mLAhkGD
ufqofq dnulf jvstb. (mc}, dm} 797 bQ)
ˆƒ njt W zfsvf zbAfbA rflDnsj dHdÙ
jsvƒ dkb ƒmfm ˆhQ zdLjfQw mcrfdÜn
W IjDrosBv zfmt dYt
ˆƒ ncâfrv …iv. djYc rfbfID IjDrW ˆƒ zböDjfpG ncâfrv
…iv zfmt jsv sosYb. spmb ƒmfm zfhC ƒ…ncsIv YfÛ
ƒnfm dhb ƒ…ncI, zfhC
ƒnmfr hftJD v¢jC pfWqf W v¢jC sKsj WEfv nmq `vIsq qAflfƒb' jvskb. (zft-
IfWqfƒl 116ix}) htfƒ hfùtA sp, dkdb ltDstv dHdÙskƒ ƒmfm zfhC rfbDIf (v}) ˆv
dhivDkW Iskfqf dlskb. (zft-hfrv¢v vfƒj¶ 6/93, vnmct mcIkD 1/28) htsk sost
dkdbƒ dYstb iajk x ƒmfm zfhC rfbDIfv HÙÁ
W zbcnfvD. jfvB, dkdb sp hst sosYb,
`rflDn nrDr rstƒ snefƒ zfmfv mprfh.'
zfècïfr dhb zfrmfl k]fv dikf ƒmfm zfrmfl (v}) sKsj hBGbf jsvb sp, …j¶hfr dhb
zfsmv rsk hBGbf jvf rq, dkdb bfmfsp `vIsq qAflfƒb' iansÌ
hstsYb, `bfmfpDv
ubA iaskAj
ƒwfvf (rfk skftfv) dhdbmsq vsqsY 10de jsv sbjD.' (mfnfƒt 60ix})
zfïfmf zfthfbD hstb, rflDsn j¶clnDsk …ÙÁ
jKfv nmKGb W nf[A dmst;
ªsp hAdÙÁ

ˆjde sbjD jvfv
ƒ¤Yf jvfv iv kf zfmst idvBk jsv, kfv ubA 10 sKsj 700
sbjD dtdihÝ
jvf rq---.« (hc}, mc}, nkf} 16 bQ, dnnfb} 56 W 128-129ix}) spsrkc
`vIsq qAflfƒb' rt ncâfr. zfv ncâfrv …iv zfmt sbjDv jfu Shdj?
slsr wft uVfsbf Kfjst wfstv dHksvW j]fL hvfhv rfk skftf ncâk.
Wqfƒt dhb ùuXv
hstb, `zfdm wDkjfst bhD  ˆv dbje ˆtfm. slJtfm, k]fv
nfrfhDoB bfmfsp k]fslv jfisVv dHksvƒ `vIsq qAflfƒb' jvsYb.' (zflf} 729 bQ)
`vIXsq qAflfƒb' rt mrfbhD  ˆv ncâfr W kvDjf. kfv iÇyfsk drjmk hf pcdÙÁ

bf ufbf sostW kf ncâfr W iftbDq. khcW ˆv iÇyfsk pcdÙÁ
ldwGsq zsbsj hstsYb,
rfk skftfq vsqsY zfïfrv iadk pKfKG kf'pDm; hf¦lf jKfq spmb `zfïfr nhfv sysq
hV' hst, skmdb kfv ƒwfvfskW kf iajfw ifq. …ÙÁ
nmsq
ˆƒ zKG msb zfbst
hf¦lfv dbje sKsj lcdbqf zlxwA rsq pfq. sbsm zfsn sn vfufdLvfu dhw¶fdLidkv HDdk
W kf'pDm.
sj… hstb, rfk skftf rt hf¦lf W zfïfrv mfsU ilGf skftfv iadk ƒdÌk. spsrkc

ˆefƒ rt dhswN mcbfufskv nmq. ˆjf§À sofisb hf¦lf zfïfrv nfsK jKf hst Kfsj.
sj… hstb, ˆef bfmfspv ˆj snZ¦lpG W iakDj. (mcm} 3/34)
sj… hstb, `vIsq qAflfƒb' rt zfïfrv dbje zfk¹nmiGB jvfv iadk ƒdÌk.
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zivfLD pJb icdtswv dvHftHfsvv nfmsb rfsk-bfsk Lvf isV, kJb sn zfk¹nmiGB
jsv rfk lc'desj …iv dlsj kcst zbfqfsn dbsusj n]si slq icdtswv rfsk. zbcv™i
hf¦lfW zfïfrv dbje zivfLD. kfƒ hfvhfv rfk kcst k]fv dbje zfk¹nmiGB jvf
rq. (jfƒIf kfJwf„bf dIn n¶ftfr 31ix} û})
i[f§Àsv zfv ˆj swaBDv dhjxk-iajdx kv dy§Àfdhl vsqsYb, p]fvf ˆv pcdÙÁ
slJfsk
dosq hstb, `nfrfhDvf host mCdkG (hf mslv shfkt) Hsv svsJ bfmfp iVskb! jfvB

ƒntfsmv wcv¢sk kJsbf k]fslv mb sKsj mCdkGv (hf mslv shfkstv)mrêk pfq db.
kfƒ bhD jvDm  k]fslvsj hfvhfv rfk kctsk zfslw jsvdYstb. pfsk sj… zfv
host mCdkG (hf mslv shfkt) lfdhsq vfJsk bf ifsv.' (bf†pc dhïfdr dmb pfdtj.)
hÙÁfv
…sÜwA rt, `vIsq qAflfƒb'-ˆv iasqfub kJbƒ dYt. ivhkDGjfst nfrfhDslv
mb sKsj mCdkG (hf mslv shfkst)v mfqf yst sost kf mbnCJ jvf rq!!
ˆƒ swaBDv pcdÙÁhflDvf zfsvf hst Kfsjb, `sn pcso [cv-sh½F dYt bf hstƒ lfdV
vfJk! sn pcsov stfsjvf sJsk sik bf hstƒ svfpf vfJk---!!' zKGf{ hkGmfsb sn
zHfh sbƒ. zkˆh lfdV W svfpf vfJfvW sjfb iasqfubDqkf W spZdÙÁjkf sbƒ. ˆmb
dhû™ijfvD pcdÙÁhflDslvsj mrfb zfïfrv lc'de zfqfk n¹vB jdvsq dlƒ, dkdb hstb,
ªzfv pfvf mc'dmb bfvD-icv¢Nslvsj dhbf zivfsL jó
slq, kfvf dmKAf zihfl W
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sofbfrv Hfv dbsuslv mfKfq yfdisq sbq.« (jc} 33/58) ªzk}iv Wvf pdl skfmfv
(bhDv) zfrhfsb nfVf bf slq, kfrst ufbsh Wvf skf sjht dbsuslv sJqft-JcwDv
zbcnvB jsv. zfïfrv iKdbslGw zmfbA jsv sp hAdÙÁ
dbu sJqft-JcwDv zbcnvB jsv
kfv zsi[f zdLj dhëf§À zfv sj? dbÇyqƒ zfïfr nDmftQObjfvD n©ialfqsj
iKdbslGw jsvb bf.« (jc} 28/50)
iv§Â `vIXsq qAflfƒb' jvsk nfrfhfoB zfdló
dYstb bf. hvQ rpvk vnCst jfvDm
 sJfl
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zfmt jvskb. nfrfhfoB kf slsJ sn jKfv hBGbf dlsqsYb
ˆhQ zfmt
jsvsYb. kfrst hÙÁf dj htsk yfb sp, `dkdbW iaKm iaKm host mCdkG slsh svsJ
bfmfp iVskb ˆhQ kfƒ rfk UfVskb?! (bf†pc dhïfdr dmb pfdtj.)
i[f§Àsv ‰ swaBDv bfmfpD hÙÁfvfW kfjhDsv kfrvDmfv nmq `vIXsq qAflfƒb' jsv
Kfsjb. kfrst kf sjb jsvb? ˆJsbf dj k]fslv host mCdkGƒ sKsj sosY? nckvfQ
pcdÙÁ
sp sJ]fVf kf htfƒ hfùtA.
iajfw Kfsj sp, `vIsq qAflfƒb' bf jvfv rflDn nrDr rstW kf sbdkhfyj ˆhQ ˆv
dhivDsk ˆjfdLj rflDn rt ƒdkhfyj. zfv WnCstv jfqlfq ƒdkhfyj sbdkhfysjv
…iv iafLfbA ifq. kfYfVf sjfb pqDI rflDn ˆj hf kskfdLj nrDr rflDnsj mbnCJ
jvsk ifsv bf. zkˆh mbnCsJv lfhD pKfKG bq ˆhQ ˆ ncâfr huGbW …dyk bq.
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v¢jC W kfv iÝdk

`vIsq qAflfƒb' jsv bhD mchfwXdwv  kjhDv hst v¢jCsk spskb. v¢jC jvf Ivp.
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mrfbhD  W bfmfp HctjfvD nfrfhDsj kjhDv dlsq v¢jC jvsk zfslw jsv
hstsYb, ªskfmfslv msLA jfsvf bfmfp kk[B ipG§À n©iCBG rsh bf, pk[B ipG§À bf
sn …Ùmv™si Wpc jsv---- zk}iv kjhDv dlsq v¢jC jsv ˆhQ …Hq r]fecv …iv rfk
svsJ kfv rfsVv sufVÈstf d²¿v W waf§À rsq pfq.« (zflf} 857, bf}, rf})
v¢jCsk U]sc j dkdb rfskv sysef lc'sefsj lcƒ r]fecv …iv vfJskb. (hc}, zflf}, dk}, dm}
801 bQ) zfv ˆƒHfsh vfJsk zfslwW dlskb. rfk äfvf r]fecsj wÙÁ
jsv Lvskb. (hc},
zflf}, dm} 792 bQ) rfskv zfÌctÈstfsj Jcst (I]fj I]fj jsv) vfJskb. (rf}, nzflf}
809 bQ) zfv ˆƒv™i jvsk dkdb bfmfp HctjfvD nfrfhDsj zfslw jsvsYb. dkdb
hstsYb, ªpJb v¢jC jvsh kJb kcdm skfmfv rfskv sysef lc'sefsj skfmfv lcƒ r]fecv
…iv vfJsh. zk}iv zfÌctÈstfv mfsU I]fj vfJsh. zk}iv d²¿v Kfjsh pk[B
ipG§À iaskAj zÌ
ö-ö ²¿fsb hsn bf pfq.« (ƒJc} 597 bQ, ƒdr})
ˆƒ v¢jCv nmq dkdb k]fv rfskv lcƒ jbcƒsj i]fuv sKsj lCsv vfJskb. (dk}, ƒJc}, dm}
801bQ) ˆƒ nmq dkdb k]fv diEsj dhdYsq tìf W snfuf vfJskb. sjfmv sKsj diEsj
mysj pfWqf Ffstv mk U]dc jsq dlskb. (hc} 828, hf}, dm} 792bQ) k]fv diE ˆmb snfuf
W nmkt Kfjk sp, pdl kfv …iv ifdb Tftf rk kfrst kf sjfb dlsj odVsq isV
spk bf. (k¶fhf,jfhDvnfoDv,zf}1/124,ƒmf} 872)
dkdb bfmfp HctjfvD nfrfhDsj zfslw jsv hstdYstb, ªpJb kcdm v¢jC jvsh, kJb
skfmfv lcƒ rfskv sysefsj lcƒ r]fecv …iv vfJsh, skfmfv diEsj nefb dhdYsq slsh
ˆhQ lxPHfsh v¢jC jvsh.« (zf}, zflf})
v¢jCsk dkdb k]fv mfKfsjW snfuf vfJskb. diE sKsj mfKf bf dbyc rk, bf …]yc.
(zflf}, hc} ucp…t dj¶vfzfr, mc}, zfzf}, dm} 801 bQ) zfv bfmfsp k]fv lxdó
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bhD mchfwXdwv  v¢jCsk d²¿vkf zhtìb jvskb.
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hAfifsv dkdb bfmfp HctjfvD
nfrfhDsj zfslwW jsvsYb. zfv dkdb htskb,
ªskfmvf skfmfslv v¢jC W dnulfsj
idviCBvG ™si zflfq jv. snƒ nÙfv wiK! p]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY, zfdm zfmfv
disEv diYb sKsj skfmfslv v¢jC W dnulfr jvf slJsk ifƒ. (hc}, mc}, dm} 868bQ)
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dkdb ˆj bfmfpDsj slJstb, sn iCBvG ™si v¢jC jsv bf, zfv dnulfr jsv EjXEj
jsv. htstb, ªpdl ˆƒ hAdÙÁ
ˆƒ zh²¿fq mfvf pfq, kfrst sn mcrf©mfslv dmïk YfVf
zbA dmïsk Kfjf zh²¿fq mfvf pfsh. EjXEjX jsv bfmfp iVsY; spmb jfj EjXEjX jsv
vÙÁ EcjXsv Jfq! sp hAdÙÁ
iCBvG ™si v¢jC jsv bf ˆhQ EjXEjX jsv dnulfr jsv, sn skf
snƒ [cLfkG mfbcsNv mk, sp ˆjde zKhf lc'de sJucv Jfq, pfsk kfv [cLf dmse bf.«
(zfhc qAf'tf, zfucvD, hf}, k¶fhf}, dpqf, ƒhsb zfnfdjv, ƒJc}, dnnfb} 131ix})
zfhC ùvfƒvf
hstb, `zfmfv hác zfmfsj dbsNL jsvsYb sp, zfdm spb smfvsov
lfbf JfWqfv mk EjXEjX jsv bfmfp bf idV, dwqfstv mk (bfmfsp) syfvf lxdósk

(ˆdlj-Wdlj) bf kfjfƒ, zfv hfbsvv hnfv mk (ifsqv vtf JfVf jsv) bf hdn.'
(k¶fqfdtnD, zf} 2/265, ƒzfwf})
dkdb htskb, ªnhsysq dbjxó
syfv rt snƒ hAdÙÁ,
sp kfv bfmfp ycdv jsv.«

stfsjvf htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! bfmfp djHfsh ycdv jvsh?' htstb, ªiCBvG ™si v¢jC
W dnulfr bf jsv.« (ƒzfwf} 2960 bQ, k¶fhf, rf})
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kfv v¢jC W
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bfmfpDv bfmfp rq bf, sp v¢jC W dnulfq kfv smv¢là snfuf jsv bf.« (ƒzfwf} 2957,
ƒmf}, zf}, dnn} 2536 bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsn bfmfpDv bfmfp psKó
bq, sp v¢jC W dnulfq kfv diE snfuf
jsv bf.« (zflf} 855bQ, zfzf})
v¢jCv Èv¢k¶ iansÌ
dkdb hstb,
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ˆjde v¢jC zKhf dnulfr jsv, sn hAdÙÁv
kfv dhdbmsq
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mrfbhD  v¢jCsk dosq jsqj iajfv lczf W dpjXv iVskb. jJsbf ˆef jJsbf Wef
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zhwA sjfb sjfb nmsq dksbv zdLjhfvW ifE jvskb. jfvB, jJsbf jJsbf k]fv
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…¤yfvB- nchrf-bf vfdêqft zfpDm zdhrfmdlr.

zKG- zfdm zfmfv mrfb iadkiftsjv niawQn idhÛkf sOfNBf jvdY. 3 hfv. (zflf}
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zfmfsj mfI jv.
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lczf dkdb zdLjfQw ifE jvskb.
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skfmfvƒ dbje zfk¹nmiGB jsvdY, skfmfvƒ …iv Hvnf jsvdY, kcdm zfmfv iaHc.
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bhD mchfwXdwv  ˆv v¢jC, v¢jCv iv jWmfr, dnulfr ˆhQ lcƒ dnulfv mfsUv ShEj
iafq nmidvmfB lDOG rk. (hc}, mc}, dm} 869 bQ)
v¢jC W dnulfsk dkdb jcvzfb ifE jvsk dbsNL jvskb. dkdb htskb, ªswfb!
zfmfsj dbsNL jvf rsqsY sp, zfdm spb v¢jC hf dnulfr zh²¿fq jcvzfb bf idV.
nckvfQ v¢jCsk skfmfv iadkiftsjv kf'pDm hBGbf jv. zfv dnulfq zdLjfdLj lczf
jvfv syóf jv. jfvB kf (zfïfrv dbje) oarB-spfoA.« (mc}, dm} 873bQ)
spsrkc zfïfrv jftfm (hfBD). nhsysq n©mfdbk hfBD. zfv v¢jC W dnulfv zh²¿f
rt
hf¦lfv is[ rDbkf W dhbsqv zh²¿f. kfƒ zfïfrv hfBDv iadk zflh v[fsKG …ÙÁ

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stfsjvƒ bfmfp kk[B ipG§À n©iCBG rsh bf, pk[B ipG§À bf sn kjhDv dlsqsY ----
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jKf iCshG zfstfdyk rsqsY.
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sj… sj… sjfb sjfb nmq nwsè iVsk ifsv. dj§Â
wkG rstf, spb ziv bfmfpDv
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zfpfh sKsj mcdÙÁ sisk sjfb …ijfsv zfnsh bf.' (mc} 477)
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kfrfÏcslv bfmfsp dkdb hfvhfv
ˆde ifE jvskb. pfv Ist
ˆƒ jWmfr k]fv
djqfsmv nmfb tìf rsq spk; sp djqfsm dkdb nCvf hfj¶fvfr ifE jvskb! (zflf}, bf},
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(hc}, mc}, zf}, ƒo} 307bQ)
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jvsk zfslw jsv
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mc}, lf}, rf}, zf}, wfsIqD)
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zh²¿fq diE snfuf jsv d²¿v rWqf
(ƒk¶dmbfb)? rfk dbsuv ufqofq dIsv sost,
kfv dbsuv ufqof hcsj Kfjf zh²¿fef, bfdj
öfHfdhjHfsh Ucst Kfjf zh²¿fef?
hf²Àhis[ `bfmfp' W `djqfm' htsk pdl v¢jCv zfsov djqfm (tìf l]fVfsbf) W
v¢jCv isvv jWmfr (ˆjec l]fVfsbf) …Hqsj ˆhQ rfV htsk pdl rfksjW kKf kfv
dbu ufqof htsk hcsjv …ivsj hcUf rq, kfrst jWmfskW hcsj rfk h]fLf ncâk.
kfYfVf (v¢jCv zfsov) djqfsm rfk hcsjv …iv, v¢jC zh²¿fq r]fecv
…iv, dnulfr
zh²¿fq syrfvfv lcƒ ifsw mcnfïfq, hnf zh²¿fq r]fec hf vfsbv
…iv vfJfv hAfifsv
ltDt
±ió.
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hBGbf W
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nckvfQ dhNqde sp dhkdjGk kf htfƒ hfùtA. Ifqnftf ƒudkrfslv …iv. zfv
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(zfnsvv) bfmfp bf isV.«
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…sÜwA
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lt idK msLA bfmfp iVt bf. zfv däkDq lt isV dbt.) zk}iv bhD  ˆv dbje
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zfv kfv ubAƒ db¦lfrGW rstb bf sj….
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hAfifvde ±ió
ltDt-dHdÙj bq hstƒ ƒmfm zfrmfl dhb rfìt (v}) hstsYb,

`bfmfpDv ƒ¤Yf rst v¢jCv iv …sE dbsuv rfk lc'desj sYsV vfJsh, bsy{ yfƒst hcsjv
…iv vfJsh.' (mfnfƒtc zfrmfl, nfstr dhb ƒmfm zfrmfl 2/205, Icv™' 1/433, mchdl' 1/451, ƒbnfI 2/63, wfvù mc§Àfrft ƒvflfk
1/185, mcm} 3/146) zfv k]fv dbje djqfm W jWmfr ˆj bq hstƒ jWmfq ˆƒ ˆJdkqfv.
nckvfQ zfibfv ubAW ˆJdkqfv vsqsY jWmfq rfk h]fLf hf bf h]fLfv. ksh msb
vfJshb sp, ˆde ˆjde nd¦lÊ
ncâk. ncâk rst ˆhQ kf iftb jvst zfidb kfv
nWqfshv zdLjfvD rshb. bf mfbst zivfLD hf sofbfrofv rshb bf. i[f§Àsv
dhlzfk rst kf zfidÙjv. iv§Â
snefW nd¦lÊ.
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bf.« (zflf} 857 bQ, rf})
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1040 bQ, lfvf}) nckvfQ jJsbf jJsbf kf jvst sjfb slfN rsh bf.
dnulfq pfWqfv nmq zfïfrv bhD  k]fv rfk lc'desj dbu i]fuv sKsj lCsv
vfJskb. (zfhC qAf'tf, ƒJc} 625 bQ)
ˆ nmq nhGiaKm dkdb k]fv rfk lc'desj mcnfïfq vfJskb. kfviv vfJskb r]fec. ˆ
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iaKsm r]fec vfJfv rflDnW hù …tfmfv dbje wcÝ.
kfƒ k]fslv dbje …Hq zfmtƒ
ShL. ncdhLfmk rfk zKhf r]fec zfso vfJsk ifsv bfmfpD. (IfkfWqf ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr
22/449, Ihf} 2/291, …Üfr 96ix}, ƒhsb hfp; jfƒdIqAfkc öftfdkb bfhD , mfvfnf 127ix},
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dhdnrXrfdk kfj¶lDdmv v¢jhfkfƒdb j¶fhtft qAflfƒdb dIn ncuCl)
dkdb htskb, ªrfk lc'deW dnulfr jsv, spmb syrfvf jsv. nckvfQ skfmfslv msLA
sj… pJb (dnulfv ubA) dbsuv syrfvf (mcnfïfq) vfJsh, kJb spb sn kfv rfk
lc'desjW vfsJ ˆhQ pJb syrfvf kctsh, kJb spb rfk lc'desjW skfst.« (ƒJc}, rf},
zf}, ƒo} 313 bQ)
dnulfr jvfv nmq dkdb …Hq rfskv sysefv …iv Hv dlskb ˆhQ syfsef lc'desj
dhdYsq vfJskb. (zflf}, rf}, dnnfb} 141ix}) rfskv zfÌctÈstfsj dmdtsq vfJskb. (ƒJc}, hf}, rf}
1/227) ˆhQ sjhtfmcsJ snfuf jsv vfJskb. (zflf} 732 bQ, hf}, ƒzfwf})
rfskv sysef lc'desj j]fsLv snfufncdu lcƒ ifsw vfJskb. (zflf} 734, dk}, dm} 801bQ)
jJsbf hf vfJskb lcƒ jfsbv snfufncdu. (zflf} 723, 726, nbf} 856bQ)
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jifstv nfsK bfjdesjW mfde hf mcnfïfv nsÌ
tfdosq dlskb. (zflf}, ƒo} 309 bQ)
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sEjfq bf.« (lfvf} 1304 bQ, k¶fhf)
bfmfp HctjfvD nfrfhDsj dkdb hstdYstb, ªkcdm pJb dnulfr jvsh, kJb skfmfv
mcJmàt W …Hq rfk (sysef)sj mfdev …iv svsJf. idvswsN spb skfmfv iaskAjef
rfV ö²¿fsb d²¿v rsq pfq.« (ƒJc} 638 bQ)
ˆƒ nmq k]fv …Hq r]fec ˆhQ …Hq ifsqv ifkfv swN iaf§ÀW dnulfvk rk. ifsqv
ifkf lc'desj dkdb (mfdev …iV) JfVf jsv vfJskb. (zflf} 879, nbf} 1053, ƒmf}
3841bQ, hf}) ˆhQ JfVf vfJsk zfslwW jsvsYb. (ndk} 228bQ, rf}) ifsqv
zfÌctÈstfsj sjhtfv dlsj mcJ jsv vfJskb. (hc} 828bQ, zflf}) sofVfdt lc'desj
ˆjsÛ
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nckvfQ …ÙÁ
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rfskv sysef, lcƒ r]fec ˆhQ lcƒ ifsqv ifkf.
dkdb hstb, ªzfdm nfk zÌ
äfvf dnulfr jvsk zfdló
rsqdY; jift, -zfv jift
hst dkdb bfsjW rfk dIvfb- lcƒ rfk (sysef), lcƒ r]fec ˆhQ lcƒ ifsqv iaf§ÀHfo.«
(hc}, mc}, nuf} 1369 bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, hf¦lf pJb dnulfr jsv, kJb kfv nsÌ
kfv 7 zÌ
dnulfr jsv;
kfv syrfvf, lcƒ rfskv sysef, lcƒ r]fec W lcƒ ifsqv ifkf.« (mc}, zfzf}, ƒdr}, nbf} 1047, ƒmf} 885 bQ)
dkdb hstb, zfdm (zfmvf) zfdló
rsqdY sp, (v¢jC W dnulfv nmq) spb idvdrk
jfiV W yct bf Èefƒ.« (hc}, mc}, nuf} 1369 bQ)
ˆj hAdÙÁ
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hstb,
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zfzf}, ƒdr}, zflf}, 647 bQ, bf}, lf}, zf} 1/304) dkdb ycstv ‰ h]fLbsj wqkfb hnfv
ufqof hst m§ÀhA jsvsYb. (zflf} 646 bQ, dk}, ƒJc}, ƒdr}) ˆ hAfifsv dh²Àfdvk zfstfybf
zfnsY `bfmfsp dbdNÝ
hf mjv™r jmGfhtD'v zLAfsq.
zfïfrv bhD  dnulfq dbsuv rfskv iasjfô hf vtf lc'desj mfdesk dhdYsq
vfJskb bf. (hc} 828 bQ, zflf}) hvQ kf mfde hf mcnfïf sKsj …dEsq vfJskb. zbcv™i
i]fuv sKsjW lCsv vfJskb. ˆsk diYb sKsj k]fv hostv nflf zQw slJf spk. (hc}
390, mc}, ƒo} 359bQ) k]fv rfk W i]fusvv mfsU ˆk I]fj rk sp, sjfb YfotYfbf snƒ
I]fsj ifv rsk yfƒst ifv rsk ifvk. (mc}, zfzf}, zflf} 898 bQ, rf} 1/228, ƒdr})
dnulfv nmq dkdb jJsbf jJsbf rfk lcdesj i]fuv sKsj ˆk lCsv vfJskb sp, kf
slsJ jkj nfrfhD hstb, `zfmfslv msb (k]fv jó
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rk.' (zflf} 900bQ, ƒmf})
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lcƒ sysefsj (mfdev …iv) vfJ ˆhQ lcƒ jbcƒsj …iv dlsj kcst vfJ.« (mc} 494bQ, zfzf})
ªskfmvf snfufHfsh dnulfr jv. skfmfslv msLA sj… spb jcjcsvv mk lcƒ iasjfôsj
dhdYsq bf slq.« (hc} 822, mc}, zflf}, zf}) ªskfmfv lcƒ rfskv iasjfôsj drQna u§Âslv mk
dhdYsq dlW bf. lcƒ sysefv …iv Hv jv W i]fuv sKsj (jbcƒ lc'desj) lCsv vfJ.
ˆv™i jvst skfmfv nsÌ
skfmfv iaskAj zÌ
dnulfr jvsh.« (ƒJc}, rf} 1/227)

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rq bf. dnulfq dosq
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sufsV d²¿vHfsh hsn bf sost mcvoDv lfbf JfWqfv mk bfmfp iVf rq W bfmfp ycdv jvf
rq. zfv dnulfq diE snfuf bf jvst bfmfpW hfdkt idvodBk rq -spmb
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zKG- sr zfïfr! zfdm skfmfvƒ ubA dnulfhbk, skfmfskƒ dhw¶fnD, skfmfv dbjseƒ
zfk¹nmiGBjfvD, kcdm zfmfv iaHc. zfmfv mcJmàt k]fv …sÜswA dnulfhbk rt, dpdb
kf nxdó jsvsYb, Wv zfjxdk lfb jsvsYb ˆhQ zfjxdk nc¦lv jsvsYb. Wv y[c W
jBGsj …lXok jsvsYb. nckvfQ ncdbicB naóf zfïfr jk mrfb! (mc} 771, zflf} 760 bQ,
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zKG- sr zfïfr! kcdm zfmfv jm W shwD, iCshGv W isvv, iajfdwk W ocå njt iajfv
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dhw¶fnD. zfdm zfmfv …iv skfmfv zbcoar n¶Djfv jvdY. ˆef zfmfv dbsuv …iv
zkAfyfsvv nfsK (skfmfv ubA) zfmfv zfbcokA. (rfsjm, hfpXpfv, mfumf…p pfWqfsql 2/128)
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sKsj zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY. zfdm skfmfv …iv skfmfv iawQnf ocsb swN jvsk ifdv bf,
spmb kcdm dbsuv iawQnf dbsu jsvY. (mc}, ƒzfwf}, nbf} 1053, ƒmf} 3841 bQ)
v¢jC W dnulfsk jcvzfb ifE jvsk mrfbhD  dbsNL jvskb ˆhQ dnulfsk
zdLjfdLj lczf jvsk zfslw jvskb. zfv ˆ jKf v¢jCv hBGbfq zfstfdyk rsqsY.
dkdb zfsvf htskb, ªdnulfr zh²¿fq hf¦lf zfib iaHcv nhsysq zdLj dbjekm rsq
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…sïJA sp, dnulfq iafKGbfmCtj lczf jvfv ubA 4, 6, 10, 11 W 12bQ dpjXv
iEbDq. ˆ YfVf jcvzfbD lczf hf zbA sjfb nrDr rflDsnv lczf ifE jvf lCNBDq bq.
spmb dnulfq jcvzfb ifE dbdNÝ
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äfvf iafKGbf
jvf dbsNsLv zfWkfHcÙÁ
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bfmfp wcv¢ jvstb. bfmfp iVsk iVsk dkdb ˆjde dnulfr (zöfHfdhj) tìf jvstb.
(hAfifv bf hcsU) zfdm stfsjv mfsU mfKf kcst sIttfm. slJtfm, dkdb dnulfr
zh²¿fq zfsYb, zfv k]fv disE dwwcde ysV hsn zfsY! zk}iv icbvfq zfdm dnulfq
dIsv sotfm. zfïfrv vnCt  bfmfp swN jvst stfsjvf k]fsj htt, `sr zfïfrv
vnCt! zfidb bfmfp iVsk iVsk ˆjde dnulfr (zdLj) tìf jvstb.
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zfmvf LfvBf jvtfm sp, djYc rqskf Oet zKhf zfibfv
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dkdb htstb, ªˆ nshv sjfbefƒ bq. zfnst (hAfifv rt), zfmfv shef (bfdk)
zfmfsj nWqfvD hfdbsq dbsqdYt. kfƒ kfv mb Hsv bf slWqf ipG§À (…Efv ubA)
kfVfkfdV jvfefsj zfdm ziY¦l jvtfm.« (nbf} 1093 bQ, ƒhsb zfnfdjv, rf})
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zk}iv bfmfp swN jvst kfslv …Hqsj
sjfst hdnsq htskb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
zfmfsj Hfstfhfsn, sn spb
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iajfw Kfsj sp, zjfvsB ˆjde sYsV zbA dnulfrdesj tìf jvf dhsLq bq. kfƒ
swN dnulfrsj tìf jvf dhlzfk. (Iƒ} 1/285)

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dbje nhGfsi[f diaq zfmstv jKf hst dlb.) dj§Â …Ùv bf dlsq dkdb yci Kfjstb.
icbvfq zfdm ˆjƒ zfshlb vfJtfm. khcW dkdb bDvh Kfjstb. zfdm kxkDqhfv
zfshlb icbvfhxdÙ jvtfm. ˆhfsv dkdb htstb, ˆ hAfifsv zfdm zfïfrv vnCt  sj
duÎfnf jsvdY. …Ùsv dkdb hstdYstb, ªkcdm zfïfrv ubA zdLjfdLj dnulf jvfsj
zHAfn hfdbsq bfW; jfvB pJbƒ kcdm zfïfrv ubA ˆjde dnulf jvsh kJbƒ zfïfr
kfv dhdbmsq skfmfsj ˆj mpGflfq …âDk jvshb ˆhQ kfv lv¢b ˆjde sofbfr smfyb
jvshb.« (mcndtm 488bQ dkvdmpD, bfnf„, ƒhsb mfufr)
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128

zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªiaskAj hf¦lfƒ, pJb sn zfïfrv ubA ˆjde dnulf jsv
kJbƒ kfv dhdbmsq zfïfr kfv ubA ˆjde nWqfh dtdihÝ jsvb, kfv ˆjde sofbfr
[ftb jsv slb ˆhQ kfsj ˆjde mpGflfq …âDk jsvb. zkˆh skfmvf shwD shwD
jsv dnulf jv.« (ƒhsb mfufr, nrDr kfvoDh 379bQ)
vhDzfr dhb jf'h
rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfdm zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv nfsK
vfdÛhfn jvkfm ˆhQ k]fv Wpcv ifdb W zbAfbA iasqfubDq dudbn rfduv jsv dlkfm.
ˆjlf dkdb zfmfsj htstb, ªkcdm zfmfv dbje djYc yfW.« zfdm httfm, `zfdm
ufâfsk zfibfv nQnoG yfƒ.' dkdb htstb, ªˆYfVf zfv djYc?« zfdm httfm,
`Wefƒ (zfmfv hfnbf).' dkdb htstb, ªkfrst zdLj zdLj dnulf jsv (bIt
bfmfp isV) ˆ hAfifsv zfmfv nrfqkf jv.« (mcndtm 489 bQ, zfhc lf†l, iamcJ)
…©msk mcrf©mflDv mcJmàt dnulfr W Wpcv Ist djqfmskv dlb suAfdkmGq W
…϶t rsh. (zf} 4/189, dk})
ªzfïfr kfzftf pJb ufrfâfmhfnDslv mLA rsk pfsj ƒ¤Yf lqf ialwGsbv ƒ¤Yf
jvshb, kJb dIdvñfslvsj zfslw jvshb sp, `pfvf
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kfslvsj slfpJ sKsj shv jv.' dIdvñfhoG snƒ ƒhflkjfvD hAdÙÁhoGsj shv jvshb.
k]fvf kfslv (jifst) dnulfv dyrÁ
slsJ dybsk ifvshb. jfvB, zfïfr slfpsJv ubA
dnulfv dyrÁ
JfWqfsj (u¶ftfsbfsj) rfvfm jsv dlsqsYb. Ist ‰ njt stfjsj
slfpJ sKsj shv jvf (W dbõxdk slWqf) rsh. nckvfQ zflm-n§Àfsbv iaskAj zÌ

slfpJ sJsq (u¶fdtsq) sItsh, dj§Â
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bhD mchfwXdwv  zdLjfQw mfdev …ivƒ dnulfr jvskb. jfvB, k]fv mnduslv
smsUƒ dYt mfdev. bf dYt kf it²Àvf jvf. zfv bf dYt yfefƒ, ye hf ofdtyf dhYfsbf.
‰ mnduslv YflW dYt sJucv Ffstv. hxdóv nmq jJsbf jJsbf Yfl shsq mnduslv
dHksv ifdb iVk.
ˆj vmpfsbv 21 kfvDsJv vfsk dkdb ifdb W jflfskƒ dnulfr
jsvdYstb. zfhC nf„l JclvD
hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv jift W bfsj ifdb W
jflfv dyrÁ
zfmfv
…Hq y[c iakA[ jsvsY.' (hc}, mc}, dm} 2086 bQ)
i[f§Àsv dkdb jJsbf jJsbf yfefƒ-ˆv …isvW bfmfp isVsYb, jJsbf dnulfr
jsvsYb (dnulfv ubA syrfvf vfJfv mk) sYfe yfefƒ-ˆv …iv. (hc} 380, 381bQ, mc})
nfrfhfoB vnCt  ˆv nfsK iayà ovsm bfmfp isVsYb. dnulfv ²¿fb ovm Kfjfq
jift-bfj vfJsk bf ifvst k]fvf dbsuv jfiV dnulfv ufqofq dhdYsq dbsq kfv

…iv dnulfr jvskb. (hc} 385bQ, mc})
rfnfb hfnvD (v}) hstb, nfrfhfoB ifoVD W eciDv …iv (jifst svsJ) ˆhQ rfk
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129

lc'desj zfd²Àsbv dHksv svsJ dnulfr jvskb. (hc}, Ihf} 1/587)

htfƒ hfùtA sp, jkj `lvshw-i§¿D'slv
…dÙÁ
`wqkfsbv dnulfv ufqofq dnulfr
jvsk sbƒ. sn zfnmfsb-umDsb dnulfr jsv dkt hvfhvW ²¿fb hfjD vfsJdb. zkˆh
mfdesk dnulfr ShL bq---' dHdÙrDb
ˆhQ bfmfspv iadk dhkxòf W zbDrfv hV ltDt.
mcndtm
ˆmb jKfq sLfjf Jfq bf.

ddnnu
ullffr
r ssKKssj
j mmffKKff ssk
kfft
tff
zk}iv (dnulfv iv) bhD mchfwXdwv  `zfïfù zfjhfv' hst kjhDv dlsq
dnulfr sKsj mfKf kctskb. ˆ hAfifsv dkdb bfmfp HctjfvD nfrfhDsj zfslw jsv
hstsYb, ªsjfb hAdÙÁv bfmfp kk[B ipG§À n©iCBG rsh bf, pk[B ipG§À bf ---
dnulfr jsvsY W kfsk kfv nm²À rfsVv sufV d²¿v rsqsY. zk}iv `zfïfù
zfjhfv' hst mfKf kcst snfuf hsn sosY.« (zflf} 857 bQ, rf})
ˆƒ kjhDsvv nfsKW dkdb jJsbf jJsbf `vIXsq qAflfƒb' jvskb. (zf}, zflf} 740bQ, nbf}
1041, 1095 bQ) zKGf{ dkdb iaskAj bfmfsp hf nhGlf ˆƒ nmsq hf hnf zh²¿fq rfk
kctskb bf. jfvB, zfècïfr dhb …mfv
hstb, `bhD  dnulfv nmq hf hnf
zh²¿fq rfk kctskb bf.' (hc}, mc}, iamcJ, dm} 793bQ) zbcv™i hstb rpvk zftD
W. (zflf} 761bQ)
mfKf skftfv iv dkdb k]fv hfm if-sj dhdYsq dlskb W kfv …iv d²¿v rsq hsn
spskb. (hc}, mc} ƒo} 316bQ) iv§Â
dkdb bfmfp HctjfvD nfrfhDsjW
…ÙÁ
zfmt jvfv
zfslw dlsq hstdYstb,
ªpJb kcdm dnulfr sKsj mfKf kctsh, kJb skfmfv hfm

†v¢v …iv hnsh.« (zf}, zflf} 859 bQ)
ˆviv Ffb ifsqv ifkfsj dkdb JfVf vfJskb. (hc}, hf}, dnnfb} 151ix}) zfv ˆƒ
ifsqv zfÌctÈstfsj sjhtfmcJD jsv vfJskb. (nbf} 1109 bQ)
jJsbf jJsbf dkdb ˆƒ ShEsj lcƒ ifsqv ifkfsj JfVf svsJ ifsqv lcƒ sofVfdtv
…iv hnskb. ˆƒ iajfv ShEj iansÌ
ƒhsb zfêfn
sj duÎfnf jvf rst dkdb
htstb,
`ˆv™i hnf ncâk.' k¶f†n hstb, zfmvf k]fsj httfm, `zfmvf skf ˆef
bfmfpDv ubA jójv msb jdv.' dj§Â
dkdb
…Ùv dlstb, `iv§Â
ˆef skfmfv bhD

ˆv
ncâk (kvDjf).' (mc} 536bQ, zfzf}, zfhcw wfqJ, zflf} 845 bQ, dk}, hf})

ˆ
ˆƒƒ SShhEEssj
j dd²
²v¿v
¿ k
kffvv

È
Èvv¢¢k
k¶ ¶
lcƒ dnulfv mfsU ˆƒ ShEsj zfïfrv bhD  d²¿v rsq hsn spskb
ˆhQ
ˆsk k]fv
iaskAj rfV dbsuv ufqofq dIsv spk. (zflf} 734 bQ, hf}) dkdb bfmfp HctjfvD
nfrfhDsjW …ÙÁv™si hnfv zfslw dlsq hstdYstb, ªˆHfsh snfuf W d²¿v rsq bf
hnst jfsvf bfmfp n©iCBG rsh bf.« (zflf} 857, rf})
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130

ˆƒ ShEsj dkdb iafq kkef nmq hnskb, pkef nmq Lsv dkdb dnulfr jvskb. (hc}
792, mc}) jJsbf jJsbf ˆk tìf hnskb sp, nfrfhDoB msb jvskb, rqskf dkdb
(däkDq dnulfr jvsk) Hcstƒ sosYb. (hc} 821 bQ, mc})

llcƒ
cƒ ddnnu
ullffvv mmffssU
U SShhEEssj
jvv llz
cz
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…¤yfvB}
zvpcj¶bD.
zKG- sr zfïfr! zfmfsj [mf jv, lqf jv, (zfmfv iasqfub dmefW, zfmfsj …]yc
jv), iK slJfW, dbvfiÙf lfW ˆhQ uDdhjf lfb jv. (zflf} 850, dk} 284, ƒmf} 898bQ, rf})
sjfb sjfb hBGbfq …ÙÁ
lczfv wcv¢sk `zfïfù©mf'v idvhskG `vfdê' hAhrfv rsqsY.
(ƒmf} 898 bQ)
2. 
 
1- yْ ‫
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1- yْ ‫
א‬D (vfdêodIvtD, vfdêodIvtD)
zKG- sr zfmfv iaHc! zfmfsj [mf jv, sr zfmfv iaHc! zfmfsj [mf jv. (zflf}
874, ƒmf} 897bQ)
…ÙÁ
lczf dkdb kfrfÏcslv bfmfsp iVskb. zhwA Ivp bfmfspW iVf yst. jfvB,
ifKGsjAv sjfb ltDt sbƒ. (dnnfb} 153ix})
iajfw Kfsj sp, ˆƒ ShEsj zfÌct
ƒwfvf jvfv rflDn nrDr bq. (mck¶fnf} 82ix})

ddääk
kDDqq ddnnu
ullffr
r
zk}iv `zfïfù zfjhfv' hst kjhDv dlsq dkdb däkDq dnulfr jvskb.
ˆ
dhNsq
dkdb bfmfp HctjfvD nfrfhDsj zfslw dlsqW hstdYstb,
ª---
zk}iv kcdm `zfïfù
zfjhfv' htsh. zk}iv ˆmb dnulfr jvsh, pfsk skfmfv nm²À rfsVv sufVÈstf
(dbsuv ufqofq) d²¿v rsq pfq.« (zflf} 857 bQ, rf})
ˆƒ kjhDsvv nfsKW dkdb jJsbf jJsbf rfk kctskb. (zfzf}, zflf} 739bQ)
ˆƒ dnulfq dkdb kfƒ jvskb, pf iaKm dnulfq jvskb. zk}iv dkdb kjhDv
dlsq dnulfr sKsj mfKf kctskb. ˆ hAfifsv dkdb bfmfp HctjfvD nfrfhDsj zfslw
dlsqW hstdYstb, ª--- zk}iv kcdm ˆƒv™i iaskAj v¢jC W dnulfq jvsh. ˆƒv™i
jvstƒ skfmfv bfmfp n©iCBG rsh. zbAKf pdl ˆ nshv djYc kcdm jm jv, kfrst snƒ
idvmfsB skfmfv bfmfpW zn©iCBG sKsj pfsh.« (zf}, dk} 302, zflf} 856bQ)
ˆƒ kjhDsvv nfsKW dkdb jJsbf jJsbf `vIXsq qAflfƒb' jvskb. (zfzf}, zflf} 739bQ)
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131

u
ufft
tnnff--ˆˆ ƒƒdd²²v
Àv
À ffr
rffr
r
däkDq dnulfr sKsj mfKf kcst bhD mchfwXdwv  icbvfq hfm ifsqv
…iv snfuf rsq
hsn spskb.
ˆsk k]fv iaskAj rfV dbu dbu ufqofq dIsv spk. (hc} 677, 823, zflf}
730, 842-844, zf}, dk} bf}, dm} 796 bQ)
ˆƒ ShEjsj `uftnf-ˆ ƒd²Àvfrfr' zfvfsmv ShEj htf rq. jfvB, ˆsk iaKm W
kxkDq vfjXzfk swN jsv däkDq W ykcKG vfjXzfk wcv¢ jvfv iCshG ˆjec zfvfm sbWqf
rq kfƒ.
mfstj dhb ùqfƒdvn
mrfbhD  sj slsJsYb, dkdb pJb k]fv bfmfspv dhsufV
vfjzfsk Kfjskb, kJb snfuf hsn bf pfWqf ipG§À (isvv vfjzfskv ubA) …sE
l]fVfskb bf. (‰) zbcv™i slsJsYb zfhC ùmfƒl W zfsvf 10 ub nfrfhf. (ƒo} 305bQ,
kfdm} 211-212ix})
zhwA ncâskv ˆƒ ShEjde lcƒ dnulfv mfsUv ShEsjv mk tìf rsh bf. sjht
snfuf rWqfv mk rfîf ˆjec hnsk rsh. ksh ˆsk iEbDq sjfb dpjXv hf lczf sbƒ.

ddääk
kDDqq vvffj
jzzffk
k
zk}iv bhD mchfwXdwv  mfdev …iv (lcƒ rfskv sysefsk) Hv jsv däkDq
vfjzfskv ubA
…sE JfVf rskb. (wfsIqD, hc} 824bQ) ˆ[sB dkdb rfk lc'desj JmDv
nfbfv mk mfdesk vfJskb. (zfhC ƒnrfj rfvhD, hf}, kfdm} 196ix}) zfvpfj dhb jƒn
hstb, zfdm slsJdY, ƒhsb …mfv bfmfsp pJb (ivhkGD vfjzfskv) ubA …Eskb,
kJb mfdev …iv (rfskv) Hv dlsq …Eskb. (k¶fhf} zf…nfk¶, kfdm} 201ix})
ƒmfm ƒnrfj dhb vfùqfƒr hstb, `bhD  rsk ˆƒ ncâfr iaydtk rsq zfnsY sp,
hxÝ,
pchj iaskAsjƒ bfmfspv msLA WEfv nmq lcƒ rfskv …iv Hv jsv …Esh. (ƒo}
2/82-83, dnnfb} 155ix})
i[f§Àsv p]fvf Wqfƒt dhb ùuXsvv rfskv iCshG r]fec vfJfv rflDnsjW rfnfb msb
jsvb k]fvf hstb, bfmfpDv ubA zfnfb rst †v¢v …iv rfk svsJ …sE l]fVfsh. bsy{
jó
rst mfdev
…iv rfk svsJ
…Esh.
(…Üfr 96ix}, ƒhsb hfp, mfvfnf} 127ix}, ƒhsb
…nfƒmDb, dvnftfkcb ID dnIfdk n¶ftfdkâfhD  11ix}, mcm} 3/190-191)
däkDq vfjzfskv ubA
…sE mrfbhD  yci bf sKsj (dhndmïfdrv vfrmfdbv vfrDm
hst) nCvf Ifdkrf ifE jvskb. (mc} 599 bQ, zfzf}) wcv¢sk `zf†pc dhïfr---'W iVf
pfq. bf iVstW LkGhA bq. (mcm} 3/196)
nCvf Ifdkrf iaskAj vfjzfsk ifE jvf Wqfsuh. jfvB, dkdb bfmfp HctjfvD
nfrfhDsj iaKm vfjzfsk nCvf Ifdkrf iVsk zfslw jvfv iv hstdYstb, ª---
zk}iv ˆƒv™i kcdm iaskAj vfjzfsk hf skfmfv iCBG bfmfsp jv.« (hc}, mc}, zf}, zflf})
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132

k]fv zbAfbA jmGW iaKm vfjzfskv zbcv™i rk. ksh iaKm vfjzfskv kctbfq
däkDq vfjzfkde nQs[i W sYfe rk. (hc}, mc}, dm} 828bQ)

k
kffw
wffr
rùX ùX ssllvv SShhEEj
j
däkDq vfjzfskv njt jmG (swN dnulfr) swN jsv mrfbhD  lcƒ dnulfv mfsUv
ShEsjv mk hfm if dhdYsq kfv …iv hsn spskb ˆhQ Ffb ifsqv ifkfsj JfVf jsv
vfJskb. (hc}, zflf} 731bQ)
kfwfrXùslv ubA hnsk zfslw dlsq bfmfp HctjfvD nfrfhDsj dkdb hstsYb, ª---
zk}iv kcdm pJb bfmfspv mfsU hnsh, kJb d²¿v rsh
ˆhQ hfm
†v¢sj dhdYsq dlsq
kfwfrXùl iVsh.« (zflf} 860 bQ, hf})
zfhC ùvfƒvf
hstb, zfmfv slf²ÀX  zfmfsj jcjcsvv mk (lcƒ ifsqv vtfsj JfVf
svsJ, lcƒ ifYfv …iv Hv jsv W rfk lc'desj mfdesk svsJ) hnsk dbsNL jsvsYb.
(zf} 2/265, k¶fqfdtnD, ƒzfwf}) …ÙÁ
iajfv hnfsj dkdb wqkfsbv ShEj hst zdHdrk
jsvsYb. (mc} 498bQ, zfzf})
kfwfrXùsl hsn dkdb Ffb rfskv sysefsj Ffb †v¢ (ufQ) hf r]fecv …iv vfJskb,
zfv hfm rfskv sysefsj vfJskb hfm ufQ hf r]fecv …iv dhdYsq. (mc} 580bQ, zfzf})
Ffb rfskv jbcƒ-ˆv swN iaf§À Ffb ufQ-ˆv …iv vfJskb. (zflf} 957bQ, bf}) zKGf{
jbcƒsj ifsqv vtfv …iv bf svsJ †v¢v …iv i]fusv tfdosq vfJskb.
ˆj hAdÙÁ
bfmfsp hfm rfskv
…iv mfdesk sEn dlsq hnst dkdb k]fsj hfvB jsv
hstdYstb, ªˆv™i rt ƒqfùlDslv bfmfp.« (hf}, rf}, ƒo} 380bQ) ªˆv™i hsnf bf.
jfvB, ˆef skf kfslv ShEj, pfslvsj zfpfh slWqf rsh.« (zf}, zflf}, ƒo} 380bQ)
ªˆef rt kfslv ShEj, pfslv iadk zfïfr sÛÁfLfd¦hk.« (zflf} 993 bQ, zfvf})

k
kffw
wffr
rùX ùX ssllvv SShhEEssj
jkku
ubGb
G DDvv ƒƒw
wffvvff
dkdb hfm rfskv sysefsj hfm r]fecv …iv dhdYsq dlskb. jJsbf hfm rf]ecsj hfm
rfskv stfjmf hf oafn hfbfskb. Ffb rfskv (kuGbD YfVf) nm²À zfÌctÈstfsj há

jsv dbskb. zfv kuGbD (wfrflskv) zfÌct
äfvf sjhtfv dlsj ƒwfvf jvskb ˆhQ
kfv …isvƒ dbu lxdó
dbhÝ
vfJskb. (mc} 579, 580bQ, zfzf}, ƒJc}) jJsbf hf ƒwfvfv nmq
dkdb k]fv hcsVf zfÌctsj mfsUv zfÌcstv
…iv vfJskb. (mc} 579bQ, zfzf}) zfv …ÙÁ

…Hq zfÌctsj dmdtsq soft hftfv mk softfjfv jsv vfJskb. (zflf} 957bQ, bf}, ƒJc},
ƒdr} iaHdx k)
jJsbf hf (zfvhDq) zfÌct oBbfv drnfshv 53 sofbfv mk jsv vfJskb. zKGf{,
jdbôf, zbfdmjf W mLAmfsj sysefv nfsK tfdosq kuGbDsj tìf sYsV
ˆhQ hxÝfv
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133

mfKfsj kuGbDv sofVfsk tfdosq vfJskb. (mc} 580, dm} 906bQ)

dkdb kuGbDsj kcst drdtsq drdtsq ˆv mfLAsm lczf jvskb. (nbf} 856, 1203 bQ,
lf}, zf} 4/318, 5/72) nckvfQ lczf swN bf jvf (nftfm dIvfv iChG) ipG§À kuGbD drtfsbf
ncâk. spsrkc lczf nftfm dIvfv iCshGƒ swN rsq Kfsj. (dnnfb} 158-159 ix})
dkdb htskb, ªzhwAƒ ‰ kuGbD wqkfsbv is[ stfrf zsi[f zdLj jólfqj
(sJ]fyfv là). (zf} 2/119, hfppfv, mfj¶dlnD, hf}, iamcJ)
ƒhsb …mfv
hstb, `‰ zfÌctde wqkfsbv ubA zfOfk-là. sp ˆƒHfsh ƒwfvf
jsv, sn (bfmfsp) …lfnDb rq bf.'
ùmfƒlD hstb, mcndtm dhb zfhD mfvqAfsmv dbje ˆj hAdÙÁ
hBGbf jsvsY sp, sn
wfsmv
ˆj douGfq bfmfpvk zh²¿fq djYc bhDv Ydh slsJsY; k]fslv kuGbD zfÌctde

‰v™i ƒwfvf jvf zh²¿fq dYt. (mcnbfsl
ùmfƒlD, zfhC qAf'tf, dnnfb} 158ix})
dkdb kuGbD äfvf
ˆƒ ƒwfvf W rvjk iaskAj kfwfrXùsl jvskb. ksh dEj sjfbX
nmsq rvjk jvskb hf drtfskb, sn dhNsq sjfb hBGbf sbƒ. nckvfQ spJfsbƒ lczf
(iafKGbfv) zKG ifWqf pfsh snJfsbƒ kuGbD drtfsbf ncâk. (mcm} 3/202) zfv lczfv
zKG bf KfjstW ˆjefbf ÛÁmfok drdtsq pfWqf dhsLq bq.
kuGbDv ˆjde mfÛ
zfÌct drdtsqƒ lczf jvf dhsLq. mrfbhD  ˆj hAdÙÁsj slJstb,
sn lcƒ zfÌct drdtsq lczf jvsY. dkdb kfsj htstb, ªˆjde zfÌct drtfW,
ˆjde
zfÌct drtfW.«
zfv
ˆƒ nsÌ
dkdb kuGbDv iadk
ƒdÌk jvstb. (ƒzfwf}, bf}, dk}, hf}, rf}, dm}
913bQ)

k
kffw
wffr
rùX ùX ssllvv ÈÈvv¢¢k
k¶ ¶
bhD mchfwXdwv  iaskAj lcƒ vfjzfsk `kfdrqAfr' (kfwfrùl) ifE jvskb. (mc}
498, zfzf}) ShEsjv wcv¢skƒ dkdb htskb, ªzfkX kfdrqAf-kc dtïf-dr---.« (hf}, dnnfb}
160ix}) lcƒ vfjzfk isV `kfwfrXùl' ifE jvsk Hcst sost dkdb kfv ubA Hcstv
dnulfr jvskb. (hc}, mc}, ƒo} 338 bQ)
dkdb kfwfrXùl iVsk zfslwW jvskb. htskb, ªpJb skfmvf iaskAj lcƒ
vfjzfsk hnsh kJb `zfkX kfdrqAfkc---' ht. zk}iv skfmfslv iaskAsjv
iY¦lmk lczf shsY dbsq zfïfr zfppf zufïfv dbje iafKGbf jvf …dyk.« (nbf}
1114 bQ, zf}, k¶fhf} jfhDv) ˆƒ kfwfrXùl iVsk dkdb bfmfp HctjfvD nfrfhDsjW
zfslw jsvdYstb.
kfYfVf dkdb nfrfhfoBsj `kfwfrXùl' dwJfskb, spmb jcvzfsbv nCvf dw[f dlskb.
(hc}, mc} 403bQ) kfwfrXùl db}wsè iVf ncâk. (zflf}, rf}, dm} 918bQ)
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nhsysq shwD iadnÝ
ƒhsb mfn†l
W ƒhsb ƒmfv
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144

iaw´ WsE, lv™lW dj kfwfrXùslv wfdmt?

ƒmfm wfsIqD (v}) ˆv msk kfwfrXùl W lv™l ˆjƒ dudbn. zKGf{, nh kfwfrXùslƒ
lv™l iVsk rsh. (djkfhct …©mX 1/102, dnnfb} 170ix}) kfYfVf …isvfÙÁ
rflDsn
kfwfrXùl W lczfv jKf zfsY, lv™slv jKf sbƒ. zfv kfv mfsbƒ kfwfrXùsl lv™l
zhwAƒ wfdmt zfsY.
iv§Â
nfrfhfoB kfwfrXùsl nftfm dwJfv iv mrfbhD  sj htstb, (kfwfrXùsl)
sjmb jsv zfmvf zfibfv iadk nftfm siw jvh kf (kfdrqAfk) skf dwJtfm. dj§Â

zfibfv
…iv lv™l djHfsh ifE jvh (kf dwdJsq dlb). kJb dkdb htstb, ªskfmvf
ht, zfïf-ù©mf n¶fdï zftf mcrf©mfdl]…---.« nckvfQ ˆJfsbW ±iók} lv™l
kfwfrXùslvƒ wfdmt. kfYfVf ˆJfsb iaKm bf swN kfwfrXùl kf dbdlGó
bq. zkˆh
htf pfq sp, iaKm kfwfrXùslW lv™l iVsk rsh. (dnnfb} 164ix})
zhwA mf zfsqwf
/@"+
5‫
א‬/{ˆv
ˆjde rflDsn iaKm kfwfrXùsl ±ió
lv™l iVfv
jKf …sïJ vsqsY. dkdb hstb, zfmvf zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv ubA k]fv dmnWqfj W
Wpcv ifdb ia²Âk vfJkfm. zk}iv zfïfrv ƒ¤Yfq dkdb vfsÛv sjfb zQsw suso

…Eskb. kfviv dmnWqfj jsv Wpc jvskb. zk}iv 9 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb.
ˆsk dkdb zóm vfjzfk YfVf iCshG zfv sjfKfW (kfwfrXùslv ubA) hnskb bf.
nckvfQ (zóm vfjzfsk hsn) zfïfrv dbje lczf jvskb ˆhQ k]fv bhDv …iv lv™l
ifE jvskb. zk}iv nftfm bf dIsv dkdb …sE spskb. kfviv bhm vfjzfk isV
hnskb. zk}iv k]fv iadkiftsjv iawQnf hBGbf jsv k]fv bhDv …iv lv™l ifE
jvskb ˆhQ lczf jvskb. zk}iv zfmfslvsj wcdbsq nftfm dIvskb. (zfzf}
2/324, dHâ wsè Oebfde vsqsY mcndtsm 746 bQ)
…ÙÁ
hAfifvde kfrfÏcl hf dhkXv bfmfspv rstW
ˆv zfmt Ivp bfmfspW ytsh.
(kfdm} 224-225ix}) ˆ ubAƒ ƒhsb hfp (vfdrmfùïfr)W hstb, bfmfpD iaKm kfwfrXùsl
lv™l iVsh. (mfvfnf} 129ix})
zfhfv iaKm kfwfrXùsl lczf jvfv jKfW ˆjfdLj rflDsn …sïJ rsqsY. spmb
…isvfÙÁ
rpvk zfsqwf
/@"+
5‫
א‬/{
ˆv rflDsnW lczfv jKf
±ióHfsh vsqsY.
ˆj
rflDsn mrfbhD  hstb,
ªpJb skfmvf iaskAj lc' vfjzfsk hnsh, kJb `zfkX-
kfdrqAfkc---' ht. zk}iv skfmfslv iaskAsjv iY¦lmk lczf shsY dbsq zfïfrv
dbje lczf jv.« (nbf} 1114 bQ, zf}, k¶fhf})
nckvfQ iaKm kfwfrXùslW lczf jvf dhsLq. (dnnfb} 160ix})
iv§Â
ovm ifKsvv
…iv hsn
ˆk djYc iVf dj n©Hh? jfvB bhD  iaKm ShEj
sKsj ˆk kfVfkfdV …Eskb sp, msb rk dkdb spb ovm ifKsvv …iv hsndYstb.
dj§Â
ˆ
rflDnde pqDI. (pzflf} 177, pdk} 57, pbf} 55bQ, kfdm} 224ix})
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145

k
kk
xk
x DDqq vvffj
jzzffk
k
kfwfrXùl swN jsv dkb hf yfv vfjzfk dhdwó
bfmfspv ubA pJb mrfbhD


…Eskb, kJb `kjhDv' (zfïfù zfjhfv) htskb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 799bQ) dkdb WEfv
iCshGƒ kjhDv dlskb. (zfhC qAf'tf, dnn} 604bQ) WEfv iv bq.
lcƒ rfk äfvf mfdev
…iv Hv jsv (JmDv nfbfv mk
…Hq rfksj mfdesk svsJ)
…sE
JfVf rskb. (zfhC
ƒnrfj rfvhD, hf}, kfdm} 196ix})
zfpvfj dhb jfƒn hstb, zfdm ƒhsb …mfv
sj slsJdY, dkdb pJb däkDq
vfjzfk sKsj (kxkDq vfjzfskv ubA)
…Eskb, kJb k]fv
…Hq rfk
äfvf mfdev

…iv Hv jvskb. isv zfdm k]fv sYst W k]fv nÌDslvsj httfm, `n©Hhk} ˆv™i
dkdb k]fv hfLGsjAv jfvsB jsv Kfsjb.' dj§Â
k]fvf htstb, `bf, hvQ
ˆƒv™iƒ rsh.'
(zKGf{, ˆƒv™i WEfƒ ncâk.) (hf} 2/135, kfdm} 200ix})
ˆƒ nmq dkdb `vIsq qAflfƒb' jvskb. (hc}, zflf}, dm} 794bQ) JfVf rWqfv iv
dkdb däkDq vfjzfskv mk nCvf Ifdkrf ifE jvskb. dj§Â
ˆƒ vfjzfsk zbA nCvf
ifE jvskb bf. (hc}, mc}, dm} 828bQ)
zhwA jJsbf jJsbf spfrsvv bfmfsp (iafq 15) zfqfk mk zbA nCvf ifE jvskb.
(mc}, zf}, dm} 829, ƒJc} 509, dnnfb} 113, 178ix})
nckvfQ swN (kxkDq W ykcKG) vfjzfsk nCvf Ifdkrfv iv zbA nCvf ifE jvf W bf
jvf …Hqƒ ShL. spfrsvv bfmfspv …iv djqfn jsv zbAfbA bfmfspW iVf ShL. (ƒJc}
1/256, dnnfb} 113ix})
kfYfVf …ÙÁ
rflDsn nfrfhfoB k]fv spfrsvv iaKm lc' vfjzfsk iafq 30 zfqfk mk,
swN lc' vfjzfsk kfv zsLGj iafq 15 zfqfk mk, zfnsvv iaKm lc' vfjzfsk kfv
zsLGj iafq 7/8 zfqfk mk
ˆhQ swN lc' vfjzfsk kfv zsLGj zKGf{ iafq 3/4
zfqfk mk iVf zf¦lfu jvskb. ˆsk hcUf pfq sp, zfnsvv swN lc' vfjzfskW zbA
nCvf (zsi[fjxk sYfe Lvsbv) iVf ytsh.
ˆ YfVf zfhC ùvfƒvf
hstb, `iaskAj bfmfsp dj¶vfzfk zfsY ----. dj§Â
sp hAdÙÁ

sjht nCvf Ifdkrf iVsh, kf kfv ubA psKó
rsh. zfv sp hAdÙÁ
ˆv shwD iVsh, kf kfv
ubA
…Ùm rsh.' (hc} 772, mc} 396 bQ) zbA ˆj hBGbfq dkdb hstb, `icsvf bfmfspƒ
dj¶vfzfk iVf rq---.' (mc} 396 bQ) zKGf{ iaskAj vfjzfskƒ. rfsIp ƒhsb rfufv (v})
hstb, sj… sj… hstsYb, `bfmfspv nm²À vfjzfskƒ dj¶vfzfk mc²Àfrfh.' zhwA zfhC
ùvfƒvfv ˆƒ rflDsnv iajfwA zKG kfƒ ƒdÌk jsv. (Ihf} 2/295) nckvfQ nCvf Ifdkrfv iv
mrfbhD  ˆv zbA ˆj nCvf iVf W bf iVfv hAfifsv …Hq iajfv hBGbf Kfjfq ˆ jKf htf
pfq sp, dkdb swN lc' vfjzfsk jJsbf jJsbf nCvf iVskb, zfhfv jJsbf iVskb bf.
smfe jKf, dkb hf yfv vfjzfk bfmfsp nCvf Ifdkrfv iv iaskAj vfjzfskƒ nCvf
tfofsbf pfq. sjfb vfjzfskƒ bf tfofstW yst. zfhfv sjht iaKm lc' vfjzfsk
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146

tfdosq swN vfjzfkÈdtsk bf iVstW yst. nh vjmƒ ufsqp.

dj¶vfzfskv iv mrfbhD  hfjD v¢jC, jWmfr, dnulfr W ShEj iaHdx k iCshGv
vfjzfskv mk jsv mfdev …iv …Hq rfk äfvf Hv jsv kjhDv hst ykcKG
vfjzfskv ubA
…sE JfVf rskb. zfv
ˆƒ nmq dkdb jJsbf jJsbf `vIXsq qAflfƒb'
jvskb. (zfzf}, bf})

yyk
kK
cK
c G G vvffj
jzzffk
k
bfmfp 3 vfjzfk dhdwó
(mfosvshv) rst 3 vfjzfk isV, bsy{ 4 vfjzfk dhdwó

rst kf kxkDq vfjzfskv mk isV swN kfwfrXùslv ubA hsn spskb. ˆƒ ShEsj
dkdb k]fv hfm ifYfv …iv hnskb. ˆsk k]fv lc'de ifsqv ifkf ˆj dlsj rsq spk.
(hc} 828, zflf} 965bQ, hf}) hfm if-sj Ffb ifsqv vtf W †v¢v dbsy vfJskb. (mc} 579
bQ, zfzf}) zfv Ffb ifsqv ifkfsj JfVf vfJskb. (hc} 828bQ) jJsbf jJsbf JfVf bf
svsJ dhdYsqW vfJskb. (mc} 579, zfzf}) ifsqv zfÌctÈstf sjhtfmcJD jsv vfJskb.
k]fv rfk lc'de iaKm ShEsjv mkƒ Kfjk. zhwA hfm rfk äfvf hfm ufbcv …iv Hvbf
dlskb. (zflf} 989, nbf} 1205 bQ)
nckvfQ ifYfv …iv hnf sjht 3 hf 4 vfjzfk (zbA jKfq lcƒ kfwfrXùl) dhdwó

bfmfsp ncâk. i[f§Àsv ˆj kfwfrùl dhdwó
2
vfjzfk bfmfsp hfm ifsqv ifkfv
ktslw dhdYsq kfv
…iv hnf ncâk. (dnnfb} 156, 181, mcm} 4/100, mfvfnf} 128ix})
jfvB ifYfv …iv hnfv jKf rflDsn sjht lcƒ kfwfrùl dhdwó
bfmfspv s[sÛ
hdBGk
rsqsY. bsy{ bfmfsp hnfv nfLfvB ncâk rt, hfm ifsqv ifkfv …isvƒ hnf. (bf}
1156, 1157, 1158, 1261, lf} 1330 bQ)

nnfft
tffmm
zk}iv bhD mchfwXdwv  kfwfrXùl W lczf zfdl isV Ffb dlsj mcJ dIdvsq htskb,
K5‫ 
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`zfnXnftf-mc zftfƒjcm zvfrmfkcïf-r.'
zKGf{, skfmfslv …iv wfd§À W zfïfrv jv¢Bf hdNGk srfj.
dkdb ˆkef mcJ dIvfskb sp, (siYb sKsj) k]fv Ffb ofstv ðëkf slJf spk.
zk}iv hfm dlsj mcJ dIdvsq zbcv™i hst nftfm dIvskb. zfv ˆskW k]fv hfm
ofstv ðëkf (siYb sKsj) slJf spk. (mc} 582, zflf} 996 bQ, bf})
jJsbf jJsbf dkdb Ffb dlsjv (iaKm) nftfsmv nfsK `---zhfvfjfkcr'W spfo
jvskb. (zflf} 997, k¶fhf, zfvf}, lfvf}, zfhC qAf'tf 3/1252)
zfhfv jJsbf Ffb dlsj `zfnXnftf-mc zftfƒjcm zvfrmfkcïf-r' ˆhQ hfm dlsj
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147

sjht `zfnXnftf-mc zftfƒjcm' hst nftfm dIvskb. (bf} 1320 bQ, zf}, dnvfu) zfhfv
jJsbf hf Ffb dlsj ˆjec U]csj ‰ mcsJƒ `zfnXnftf-mc zftfƒjcm' hst mfÛ
ˆjde
nftfm dIvskb. (ƒJc} 729, hf}, mfj¶slnD, zf}, k¶fhf} zf…nfk¶, rf}, ƒo} 327 bQ) mf zfsqwf

/@"+
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א‬/{ ˆvW ˆƒ zfmt dYt. (ƒJc} 730, 732, hf} 2/179) zbcv™i ˆj nftfsmv
zfmt dYt pchfƒv
ˆvW. (ƒJc} 731 bQ, hf} 2/179) zkˆh jJsbf jJsbf ˆ ncâfr
iftb jvf zfmfslvW …dyk.
nftfm dIvfv nmq rfk äfvf
ƒwfvf ShL bq. ˆjlf nfrfhfslvsj ˆmb ƒwfvf jvsk
slJst dkdb htstb, ªdj hAfifv skfmfslv? lcv§À sOfVfv stsuv mk jsv rfk äfvf

ƒwfvf jvY? pJb skfmfslv sj… nftfm dIvsh, kJb sn spb kfv (ifw¶hG kGD) nÌDv
iadk syrfvf sIvfq
ˆhQ rfk
äfvf
ƒwfvf bf jsv.« zk}iv nfrfhfoB ˆv™i ƒwfvf
jvf rsk dhvk rsq pfb.
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, dkdb htstb, ªskfmfslv iaskAsjv ubA ˆkecjc psKó
sp,
(nftfm dIvfv nmq) rfk dbu
†v¢v …iv vfJsh. zk}iv Ffƒsb W hfsm (…idhó)

Hfƒ-ˆv iadk nftfm slsh.« (mc} 431, zfzf}, dnvfu, ƒJc} 733 bQ, k¶fhf})
…ÙÁ
rflDsn
ƒdÌk vsqsY sp, ufmfzfskv bfmfsp bfmfpD nftfm slq ifswv
bfmfpDsj. dj§Â ˆjf bfmfsp nftfm slWqf rq dIdvñfsj. iv§Â
ifswv bfmfpD nftfm
dIvst kfv uWqfh dlsk rq bf. jfvB, sn nmq njstƒ ˆsj zivsj nftfm dlsq
Kfsj. zkˆh uWqfh Kfsj kfskƒ. (mcm} 3/288-289)
spv™i nftfm sIvfv nmq rfskv ƒwfvf ShL bq, kû™i dhsLq bq mfKf drtfsbfW.
(mck¶fnf} 189ix})
nftfm dIsvƒ bfmfspv jfu swN rsq pfq. ksh sJqft vfJfv dhNq sp, sp kvkDh W
ipGfqÛÁsm mrfbhD  bfmfp W kfv njt zfmt n©iâ jsvsYb, snƒ ipGfqÛÁsmƒ
bfmfp iVf bfmfp ðÝ
rWqfv ubA wkG zKhf Ivp. (dInc} …lcG 95ix})

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zKG- sr zfïfr! kcdm wfd§À (njt Û¢de sKsj idhÛ) ˆhQ skfmfv dbje sKsjƒ wfd§À.
kcdm hvjkmq sr mdrmmq, mrfbcHh! (mcndtm 1/414)
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zKG}- zfïfr hAkDk sjfb nkA mfhcl sbƒ, dkdb ˆjj, k]fv sjfb zQwD sbƒ, k]fvƒ
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jfsvf sbƒ. zfv Lbhfsbv Lb skfmfv zfpfh sKsj mcdÙÁ sisk sjfb …ijfsv zfnsh
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iajfw sp, knhDr oBbfq hfm rfk hf knhDr mftf hAhrfv bf jsv sjht Ffb rfk
hAhrfv jvfƒ dhsLq. (nrDùt ufsm' 4865bQ)
8. ncvf ƒJtfn,Iftfj¶ W bfn 1 hfv jsv. (zfhc lf†l2/86, nrDr dkvdmpD 1/8, bfnf„ 3/68)
9. zfqfkct jcvnD 1hfv. iaskAj bfmfspv iv ˆƒ zfqfk ifE jvst mxkcA YfVf
ufâfk pfWqfv isK ifEjfvDv ubA zfv sjfb hfLf Kfsj bf. (n} ufsm' 5/339, dn} nrDrfr 972)
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zKG- zfïfr YfVf sj… nkA …ifnA sbƒ, dkdb ˆjj, k]fv sjfb wvDj sbƒ. nm²À
vfuk¶ W iawQnf k]fvƒ, dkdb uDdhk jsvb, dkdbƒ mvB lfb jsvb ˆhQ dkdb nshGfidv
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lwde sofbfr Uvsh, lwde mpGflf hfVsh, yfvde softfm zfpfl jvfv nWqfh tfH rsh
ˆhQ wqkfb sKsj dbvfisl Kfjsh. (nrDr kfvoDh 262- 263 ix})
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zfmftfm mckfj¶fêftf.
zKG- sr zfïfr! dbÇyq zfdm skfmfv dbje Itlfqj dw[f, rftft uDdhjf ˆhQ
oarBspfoA zfmt iafKGbf jvdY.
Iusvv bfmfspv iv ˆde iEbDq. (nƒmf}1/152, k¶fhf nfoDv, mfumf…p pfWqfsql10/111)
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zKG}- sr zfïfr! spdlb kcdm skfmfv hf¦lfslvsj icbv¢dÚk jvsh sndlbjfv zfpfh sKsj
zfmfsj v[f jsvf. (mcndtm)
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qcArqD z qcAmDkc dhqAfdldrt Jfƒv¢ zùqf zftf jcdï wfƒdqb j¶flDv.
zKG}- zfïfr dHâ sj… nkA mf'hcl sbƒ. dkdb ˆjj, k]fv sjfb wvDj sbƒ. k]fvƒ
ubA nfvf vfuk¶ ˆhQ k]fvƒ dbdmsÙ njt iawQnf. dkdbƒ uDhb lfb jsvb W dkdbƒ
mvB slb. k]fv rfskƒ njt mÌt. zfv dkdb nshGfidv [mkfhfb.
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150

ˆde Iusvv bfmfspv iv if Ocdvsq hnfv iCshG 100 hfv iVst ixdKhDv msLA ‰ dlsb
snƒ hAdÙÁƒ zdLj …Ùm zfmtjfvD hst oBA rsh. (nrDr kfvoDh 262-263 ix})
ƒhsb zfêfn
hstb, `Ivp bfmfspv nftfm sIvfv iv nwsè dpjXv ifE zfïfrv
vnCt  ˆv pcso iaydtk dYt.' (hc} 841bQ, mc})
iajfw Kfsj sp, ˆƒ njt dpjXvsj nCv jsv iVf dhlzfk htf rsqsY.

j
jddk
kiiqq z
zððÝÝ

ddppj
jvXv
X
djYc dpjXv zfsY, pf stfj mfsU iaydtk zKy kf nrDr ncâfrv zbcjCt bq, zKhf kf
mboVf; pf kAfo jsv nrDr ncâfrdHdÙj dpjXv W lczf iVf jkGhA.
1. `zfïf-ù©mf zfduvbD dmbfâf-v.' Iuv W mfosvh iv 7 hfv jsv ifE jsv ‰
dlsb hf vfsk mfvf sost slfpJ sKsj db°jdx k ifWqf pfq. ˆ rflDnde nrDr
bq, hvQ
pqDI. (dnp} 1624 bQ)
2. mfKfq rfk svsJ `ƒqf j¶fdhqcA' hf `ƒqf bCv¢' htf. ˆde mboVf.
3. mfKfq rfk svsJ `dhndmïfdrïfpD ---- zfïfù©mf zfpdrh zfdât rf©mf ztùpXb.'
ˆ hAfifsv hdBGk rflDnde Jch lcht
G zKhf uft. (dnp} 660, 1059 bQ)
4. ˆk ˆk hfv lv™l iVf. lv™l nftfsmv iCshG hf zbAfbA zdbdlGó
nmsq iVfƒ dhsLq.
5. dmdtk js÷ zKhf ˆjfjD `zfnXnftf-kc znXnftf-mc zftfƒjf ƒqf vfnCtfïfr'
htf. ˆde dhlzfk. (mh} 17/70-71, 20/147)
iajfw Kfsj sp, knhDr Ffb rfsk sofbfƒ rt ncâk. mrfbhD  Ffb rfskv zfÌct
äfvfƒ knhDr ÈsbsYb ˆhQ zivsj Ffb rfskv zfÌct hAhrfv jvsk dbslGw
dlsqsYb. zfv dkdb hstsYb sp, ‰ zfÌctÈstfsj djqfmskv dlb jKf htfv [mkf
slWqf rsh ˆhQ kfslvsj ˆ n©isjG duÎfnfhfl jvf rsh. (zflf} 1501, dm} 2316 bQ)
nckvfQ knhDr mftf hAhrfv jvf dhsLq bq. ˆsk vsqsY dvqfv (stfj-ialwGsbv) oá,
pf sYfe dwjG. i[f§Àsv j]fjv hf sJucv z]fde äfvf knhDr sofbfv rflDn nrDr bq.
(zflf} 1500, mck¶fnf} 193ix})



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bfmfpD pJb bfmfp isV kJb sn zfïfrv dbje mcbfufk jsv. zfïfrv nfsK dbvftfq
spb jfsb jfsb jKf hst. (mczÙf, mcnbfsl zfrml 2/36, 4/ 344)
bfmfspv mfsUƒ zfèX (lfn) mfhcslv (iaHcv) LAfsb LAfbmo´ Kfsj. spb sn kf]sj
slJsk ifq. pk[B sn bfmfsp Kfsj kk[B sn zfïfrv nfsK jKf hst. dkdb kfv
iadk mcJ dIvfb ˆhQ nftfm bf dIvf ipG§À dkdb mcJ dIdvsq sbb bf. (hfƒrfjD, nrDùt
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151

ufsm'1614 bQ)
iv[sB pJbƒ sn nftfm dIsv slq kJbƒ sn mcbfufskv zh²¿f dhd¤Yâ rsq pfq, lCv
rsq pfq SbjseAv dhswN spfonCÛ. hf¦lf nsv zfsn snƒ mrfb dhw¶fdLidkv Jfn lvhfv
sKsj. nckvfQ kfv dbje djYc yfWqf skf snƒ nmsq zdLj swfHbDq sp nmsq dHJfvD
hf¦lf k]fv LAfsb kfv dbjse W k]fv Jfn lvhfsv Kfsj. zkˆh snƒ SbjseAv LAfb Ho´
jsv ˆhQ mrfbhD  ˆv dbslGdwk mcbfufk sKsj shdvsq ˆsn icbvfq mcbfufk nÌk
W pcdÙÁpcÙÁ bq.
zhwA nrDr rflDsn hdBGk sp, ˆjlf nfrfhfoB zfïfrv vnCt  sj sjfbX nmq lczf
zdLjv™si jhct rq - sn dhNsq iaw´ jvst dkdb hstdYstb, ªoHDv vfskv swNfQsw
ˆhQ njt Ivp bfmfspv iÇyfsk.« (dk}3499, bf} zfmftct ƒqf…dm zïfƒtfr 108bQ, dm} 968 bQ)
rflDnde zsbsjv dbje lcht G rstW zfnst kf rfnfb. (ndk}2782bQ)
nckvfQ ˆefƒ rs¤Y Ivp bfmfspv iv mcbfufk jvfv iafq nrDr W nh sysq hV ltDt,
pdlW ˆsk rfk kcst lczfv jKf sbƒ. ˆƒJfb rskƒ sLfjf sJsq mcbfufk-siamDvf
…ßfhb jsvsYb sp, `Ivp bfmfspv iv lczf jhct rq. zfv rfk kcst lczf jvst
zfïfr Jfdt rfsk dIdvsq slb bf. kfYfVf bfmfspv iv stfj W ufmfzfk shwD Kfsj.
zfv ufmfzfkD lczf shwD jhct rq.' ƒkAfdl.
i[f§Àsv zfpfsbv nmq, zfpfb W ƒjfmskv mfsU, ƒjfmskv nmq, hxdó hNGsBv nmq
W zfsvf sp nh nmsq lczf jhct rq sn nh nmsq Sj ufmfzfkD lczf busv isV bf.
zHAfsn idvBk rsqsY sjht Ivp bfmfspv iv lczf.
wcv¢sk ˆjef jKf sJqft vfJf …dyk sp, ƒhflk pJb, spHfsh, sp ÈB, nQJAf W
iÝdksk dhdLhÝ rsqsY iaskAjde ƒhflk snƒ ÈB, iÝdk, nQJAf W nmq zbcnfsv
jvf uv¢vD. zdbdlGó hf nfLfvB Kfjst kf sjfb ÈB l¶fvf dbdlGó jvf dhlzfskv
ipGfqHcÙÁ.
nckvfQ lczfv ˆj nfLfvB dbqm rt, rfk kcst lczf jvf. zKGf{ sj… dbu iasqfub
nfLfvB nmsq zfïfrv dbje iafKGbfg jvst rfk kcst jvsh. ˆJb pdl sj… hst,
`zfdm zfmfv iasqfub bfmfsp yfƒ hf bf yfƒ, bfmfspv isv vnCstv hf dbsuv HfNfq
rfk kcst yfƒh'- kfrst kfv iaKsm ufbf …dyk sp, bfmfspv iv ˆjde dbdlGó nmq.
zfv kfsk vsqsY dbdlGó ƒhflk (dpjv-zfpjfv). zkˆh ‰ dbdlGó nmsq wvDqk dj
jvsk dbslGw jsvsY? pf jvsk dbslGw jsvsY kfv dbqm dj? ƒkAfdl. ˆƒ s[sÛ
zbcv™i nfLfvB dbqm nQspfub jvf pfsh bf. jvstƒ kf zdkvÓb kKf dhlzfk v™si
idvodBk rsh. ItjKf, kfsj slJsk rsh sp, ‰ dbdlGó ƒhflskv dbdlGó nmsq
dbdlGóv™si lczf hf mcbfufskv dbslGw wvDqsk zfsY dj? bsy{ zfïfrv vnCt  hstb,
ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfslv ˆ (wvDqskv) hAfifsv bkcb djYc …ßfhb jsv pf Wv z§ÀHcÙ G Á bq
kf iakAfJAfk.« (hcJfvD mcndtm, dmwjfk140bQ) ªsp hAdÙÁ ˆmb sjfb zfmt jsv pfv
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152

…iv zfmfslv sjfb dbslGw sbƒ kf iakAfJAfk.« (mcndtm 1718bQ)

ˆhfv iaw´ KfjsY …isvfÙÁ rflDn mcbfufskv öis[ ltDt dj bf?
…ÙÁ rflDsn sp `lchvc ' wè hAhrfv rsqsY kfv zKG rt, diE, ifYf, iÇyf{ hf
swNfQw. p]fslv zsKG `lchvc ' mfsb `isv', k]fslv msk ˆƒ rflDnde Ivp bfmfspv iv
lczf hf mcbfufskv hV ltDt. (pdlW rfk kcst bq.) dj§Â …ÙÁ rflDsn `lchcv' wsèv
zKG isv jvf dEj dj?
ˆJb pdl hdt, `ov¢v lchvc (ifYf)', kfrst swafkf ˆƒ hcUsh sp, ov¢v ifYf slsrv
zdhs¤YlA diYsbv zÌ. kfv slrfQswv hfƒsvv djYc bq. nckvfQ bfmfspv lchcv, hf
ifYf zKhf iÇyf{ htsk hcUf lvjfv sp, kf bfmfspvƒ swN zÌ hf zQw. bfmfspv
hfƒsv djYc bq; zKGf{ nftfm dIvfv iCshGv zQw.
zhwA `lchvc ' (iÇyf{) hst isvv zQwsjW hcUfsbf pfq. spmb pdl hdt, `ƒmfm
nfsrh hfsnv lchsc v (iÇyfsk hf siYsb) l]fdVsq zfsYb.' kfrst ƒmfm nfsrhsj sp
slsJdb sn swafkf lcƒ vjm hcUsk ifsv; iaKmk} ˆƒ sp, ƒmfm nfsrh hfsnv siYsbv
zQsw hfsnv dHksvƒ l]fdVsq zfsYb. zfv dl¶kDqk} ˆƒ sp, ƒmfm nfsrh hfsnv
siYsb svfsF (hfsnv hfƒsv) l]fdVsq zfsYb. zfv ˆs[sÛ swafkfv lcƒ iajfv hcUfƒ
ndEj, Hct bq. dj§Â ƒmfm nfsrshv zfnt l]fVfhfv ufqof hf²Àhis[ ˆjefƒ, dhLfq
zivde zn©Hh.
nckvfQ …ÙÁ rflDsnv zKG pdl `bfmfspv iÇyfsk zKGf{ nftfm dIvfv iCshG lczf jhct
rq' hdt, kfrst ˆjKfW htsk rq sp, `nftfm sIvfv iCshGƒ knhDr-kfrtDtW
jvsk rsh.' jfvB WJfsbW `lchcv' wè hAhrfv rsqsY. pfv zsKGg …tfmfoB bfmfspv
iv dpjXv iVfv jKf hst Kfsjb. zkˆh …ÙÁ äAKGshfLj wsèv hAfJAf J]cusk
zfmfslvsj wvDqskv nfrfpA dbsk rsh. spsrkc mrfbhD  ˆv ˆj …dÙÁsj k]fv
ziv …dÙÁ hf zfmt hAfJAf jsv. ytcb ˆhfsv zfmvf kfƒ slsJ `lchcv' ˆv ndEj zKG
dbLGfvB jdv.
nftfm sIvfv isv dj jvf …dyk sn hAfifsv zfïfrv ˆj dbslGw rt, ªzk}iv pJb
skfmvf bfmfp nmfå jvsh kJb zfïfrv dpjXv jv----.« (jc} 4/103) ªkf]v idhÛkf
W mdrmf sOfNBf jv vfdÛv ˆjfQsw ˆhQ bfmfspv isvW.« (jc} 50/40) kfƒ skf
zfïfrv bhD  ˆv zfmt W zHAfn dYt nftfm dIvfv iv zfïfrv dpjXv jvf.
rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, zfïfrv vnCt  ªzfïf-ù©mf zf§Àfn nftfm--- « htfv
mk nmsqv sysq zdLj nmq nftfm sIvfv iv hnskb bf. (mc} dm} 960 bQ)
nfWhfb
hstb, zfïfrv vnCt  pJb bfmfp swN jvskb kJb dkbhfv
ƒd²ÀoIfv jsv ªzfï-ù©mf zf§Àfn nftfm---- « htskb.
zfècïfr dhb pchfƒv
hstb, zfïfrv vnCt  pJb nftfm dIvskb kJb …]yc
wsè htskb, ªtf ƒtfrf ƒïfïf-ù zrlfù ---.« (mcndtm, dmwjfk963 bQ) (ˆ hAfifsv
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153

Ivp bfmfspv iv dpjXsvv zfstfybf slJcb.)

nftfm dIvf rst dkdb mdrtfslv ubA ˆjec zsi[f jvskb, pfsk kfvf icv¢Nslv
zfsoƒ mndul kAfo jvsk ifsv. zk}iv dkdb …sE spskb. (hcJfvD 837)
nfmcvfr dhb ucblch
hstb, Iusvv bfmfp swN jsv zfïfrv bhD  zfmfslv
dlsj dIsv hsn htskb, ªok vfsÛ skfmfslv msLA sj n¶i´ slsJsY?« zk}iv sj…
slJst sn hBGbf jvk. bsy{ dkdb dbsu n¶i´ slsJ Kfjst kf hBGbf jvskb.
(hcJfvD,dmwjfk 4621 bQ)
zhwA ˆjlf jf'hf wvDsIv dbje mrfbhD  ˆv bfmfp iVf jfst jcvfƒswv
lc°jkx Dvf k]fv dnulfvk zh²¿fq OfsV …ebDv (oHGfwq) Ict yfdisq dlst rpvk
Ifskmf (vf}) Jhv sisq Ycse ˆsn kf ndvsq sIstb. ˆsrb lchAGhrfsvv Ist zfïfrv
vnCt  bfmfp swN jsv …¤yn¶sv ‰ lx°jk x Dslv ubA hÜczf jsvb ˆhQ kf jhctW rsq
pfq. (hcJfvD 240, mcndtm 1794 bQ)
dj§Â sn bfmfp Ivp dYt bf bIt, kf dbdÇyk bq. iv§Â ˆsk rfk skftfv jKf sbƒ.
kfYfVf ˆde dYt nfmdqj hÜczf; pf kfslvsj wcdbsq jvf rsqdYt.
zfv ˆjde nrDr rflDsn ˆsnsY sp, dkdb Iusvv bfmfsp nftfm dIsv htskb,
ªzfïf-ù©mf ƒâD zfnzftcjf ƒtmfb bf-dIzf…] zdvpjfb k¶fƒdqh]f… zzfmftfm
mckfj¶fêftf.« (zKGf{ sr zfïfr! zfdm skfmfv dbje zhwAƒ ItianC Îfb, …Ùm v¢pD
ˆhQ jhctspfoA zfmt iafKGbf jvdY.) (k¶fhfvfbD, nfoDv, mfumf…p pfWqfƒl10/111, nrDr
ƒhsb mfufr 1/152) zhwA ˆJfsbW rfk skftfv jKf sbƒ.
nckvfQ htf pfq sp, nftfm dIvfv iv zfïfrv bhD  zdLjfQw nmsq zfïfrv dpjXv
isVsYb. zfv jJsbf jJsbf dkdb Iusvv iv ‰ lczf (rfk bf kcst) ifE jsvsYb.
i[f§Àsv nftfsmv iCshG dkdb (iafKGbfmCtj) lczf iVsk zfslw dlsq hstb, ªˆviv
(kfwfrùslv iv) skfmfslv pfv pf ƒ¤Yf W iY¦l snƒ mk lczf shsY dbsq lczf jvf
…dyk.« (hcJfvD 835, mcndtm,dmwjfk 909 bQ)
ªpJb skfmfslv msLA sj… (swN) kfwfrùl n©iâ jvsh kJb sn spb zfïfrv
dbje yfvde dudbn sKsj ifbfr yfq; ufrfâfsmv zfpfh, jhsvv zfpfh, lfÏfstv
dIkbf ˆhQ uDhb W mxkAcv dIkbf sKsj. ˆviv sn ƒ¤Yfmk lczf jvsh.« (mcndtm,
zfhc zfWqfbfr, zfhC lf†l 983bQ, bfnf„, ƒhsb mfufr, iamcJ, dmwjfk 940bQ)
nftfm dIvfv iCshG kfwfrùslv iv dkdb dbsuW dhdhL iajfv lczf isV iafKGbf
jsvsYb. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 939bQ) (lczfsq mfncvf laóhA) ˆmb dj …ÙÁ yfv iajfv
zfpfh W dIkbf rsk ifbfr yfWqfv lczf zfïfrv bhD  jcvzfb jfvDsmv nCvf
dwJfsbfv mk nfrfhfoBsj dw[f dlskb. kfƒ skf 3 zKhf 4 ub nfrfhD rsk …ÙÁ
lczfv rflDn hBGbfjfvD kfshqD k¶f…n ˆjlf k]fv sYstsj htstb, `kcdm skfmfv
bfmfsp ‰ lczf isVY dj? htt, bf. dkdb htstb kfrst kcdm skfmfv bfmfp dIdvsq
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154

iV.' (mcndtm 1/413 bQ)

sjbbf, k]fv dbje …ÙÁ lczfv ˆk ocv¢k¶ dYt sp, dkdb msb jvskb, sp lczf iVsk
zfïfrv bhDv zfslw, zfmt W dw[f vsqsY kf bf iVst bfmfpƒ rsh bf!
ˆjlf zfïfrv vnCt  (mndusl) hsn dYstb, ˆmb nmq ˆj hAdÙÁ iashw jsv
bfmfp wcv¢ jvt. (bfmfsp) sn htt, `sr zfïfr! kcdm zfmfsj [mf jv, zfmfv iadk
lqf jv.' kf wcsb zfïfrv vnCt  htstb, ªkfVfùsVf jvst kcdm sr bfmfpD! pJb
kcdm bfmfsp hnsh kJb zfïfrv psKfipcÙÁ ianQwf jv ˆhQ zfmfv …iv lv™l iV,
kfviv zfïfrv dbje lczf jv.«
djYc[B isv zfv ˆj hAdÙÁ bfmfp iVsk wcv¢ jvt, sn zfïfrv iawQnf jsv bhD
 ˆv …iv lv™l ifE jvt. kJb kf wcsb dkdb htstb, ªsr bfmfpD! (ˆhfv kcdm)
lczf jv, jhct rsh .« (dk} 3476, zfhC lf†l, bfnf„, dmwjfk 930 bQ)
ƒhsb mn…l
hstb, `ˆjlf zfdm bfmfp iVdYtfm, zfv bhD , zfhc hjv W
…mv  (ifswƒ hsn) dYstb. pJb zfdm hntfm kJb zfïfrv iawQnf W lv™l wcv¢
jvtfm. kfviv zfdm dbsuv ubA lczf jvtfm. kf wcsb bhD  htstb, ªkcdm yfW,
skfmfsj lfb jvf rsh, kcdm yfW, skfmfsj lfb jvf rsh.« (dkvdmpD, dmwjfk 931 bQ)
zfv zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªskfmfslv sj… pJb bfmfsp l]fVfq sn kJb kfv
vshv nfsK mcbfufk jsv. zkˆh mcbfufsk sn dj hst, kf kfv ufbf …dyk. (mczÙf,
mcnbfsl zfrml 2/36, 4928bQ) zkˆh ndEj mcbfufskv ²¿fb W lczf jhct rWqfv nmq
nftfm dIvfv iCshG bq dj?
iv§Â pdl `lchvc ' wsèv zKG `isv' Lsv sbWqf pfq khcW kfsk rfk kcst mcbfufk
iamfB rq bf. zfv ˆJfsb rfk kcst lczf jvf lczfv zflh hst ˆhQ zfïfr (rfk kcst
lczf jvst) Jfdt rfk dIdvsq slb bf hst ˆJfsbW skftf rsh hf kctsk rsh, kf htf
pfq bf. ‰ slJcb bf, ucmzfv Jckhfq lczf dhsLq. bhD  hxdóv ubA rfk kcst Jckhfq
lczfW jsvsYb. dj§Â nfLfvB nmsq Jckhfq dkdb rfk kctskb bf. kfƒskf …mfvfr
dhb v¢qfƒhfr pJb dhwXv dhb mfvWqfbsj ucmzfv Jckhfq rfk kcst lczf jvsk
slJstb, kJb dkdb htstb, `zfïfr ‰ rfk lcdesj dhjxk jv¢j! zfdm zfïfrv vnCt
 sj sjht k]fv zfÌct l¶fvf ˆHfsh ƒwfvf jvsk slsJdY. (mcndtm 874, zfhC
lf†l,dkvdmpD, bfnf„, ƒhsb zfhD wfƒhfr 5496 bQ)
nckvfQ rfk kcst lczfv zflh rstW spsrkc ‰ s[sÛ dbdlGó nmsq dkdb rfk kcstb
db, kfƒ ntIoB kf ShL msb jvskb bf. pcrvD hstb, `ucmzfv dlb rfk skftf bkcb
zfmt (dhlzfk).' (ƒhsb zfhD wfƒhfr 5491 bQ) k¶f…n ucmzfv dlb rfk kcst lczfsj
ziY¦l jvskb ˆhQ dkdb dbsuW rfk kctskb bf. (‰ 5493 bQ)
ƒmfm W mcÙÁflDosBv Jckhfq rfk kcst lczf iansÌ mfnv™j hstb, (pfvf ‰Hfsh lczf
jsv) `zfïfr kfslv rfk sjse dbj.' ( ‰ 5494 bQ)
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155

nckvfQ ˆjKf ±ió rt sp, Ivp bfmfspv iv lczf ShL Lvf sostW rfk kcst lczfv
zflh hst rfk skftf ˆJfsbW dhlzfk rsh, spmb ucmzfv Jckhfq rsh. jfvB
bfmfspv isv mrfbhD  ˆv zflwG W kvDjf zfmfslv nfmsb mucl.
ˆ skf sot ˆjfjD rfk kcst mcbfufskv jKf. zKGf{ ˆjfjD bfmfpDv ubAW dhsLq
bq Ivp bfmfspv iv rfk kcst mcbfufk jvf .
hfjD Kfjt ufmfzfkD lczfv jKf, skf kfv iamfB zfsvf lc}nfLA. p]fvf jsvb hf jvf
Hfstf msb jsvb k]fvf hstb, sp, `ufmfzfskv lczf ˆjde nchBG ncspfo.' ˆv iamfsB
k]fvf ˆƒ pcdÙÁ siw jsvb sp, `ufmfzfsk lczf jvst lczf jhct rq. ˆjfjD zsbsjv
lczf jhct bfW rsk ifsv. nckvfQ i]fyub Hfstf stfsjv I]fsj ˆjub m¦lstfsjvW
lczf jhct rsq pfq!' k]fvf zfsvf hstb, `sjfb sbkfv jfsY sjfb lfhD hf zfshlsbv
hAfifsv ˆjfv sysq spZK W ufmfzfkD syófskƒ jxkfKG rWqf zdLj n©Hh.' ƒkAfdl.
dj§Â iaKmk} pcdÙÁde ltDt-nfsi[. däkDqk} lcdbqfv HDkc sbkfslv nfsK nfhGsHZm
[mkf W öqQn©iCBk G fv zdLjfvD mrfb zfïfrsj kctbf jvf shufq Hct W rfvfm.
iv§Â pdl kfƒ rq, ksh ˆ pcdÙÁ W ncspfsov jKf mrfbhD  ˆhQ k]fv nfrfhfoB dj
ufbskb bf? bfdj k]fslv sysq W]vf shwD ufbstb? jƒ k]fvf skf ˆƒ ncspfo oarB jsv
zbcv™i ufmfzfkD lczf Ivp bfmfspv iv jsv sostb bf?
iv§Â k]fvfW ufmfzfkhÝHfsh lczf jsvsYb; dhil-zfislv nmq Ivp bfmfspv
swN vfjzfsk v¢jc sKsj …Efv iv jWmfq rfk kcst mcndtmslv ubA ufmfzfkD
lczf W jfsIvslv ubA hÜczf jsvsYb. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 1288, 1289, 1290 bQ)
nfrfhfoB vmpfsbv dhkXv bfmfsp v¢jcv iCshG hf isv rfk kcst ufmfzfkD lczf
jsvsYb. (mczÙf, dmwjfk 1303 bQ)
k]fvf bfmfspv dHksvƒ rfk kcst ufmfzfkD lczf jsvsYb. dj§Â bfmfspv iv jvf
…Ùm rst kf jvskb bf dj?
ˆjlf mrfbhD  ucmzfv Jckhf dld¤Ystb. ˆmb nmq ˆj mv¢hfnD (shlc„b) …sE
l]fdVsq htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! mft-Lb L¶Qn rsq sot, zfv idvhfv-idvub (JfslAv
zHfsh) [cLfkG sKsj sot. nckvfQ zfidb zfmfslv ubA zfïfrv jfsY lczf jv¢b.'
kJb mrfbhD  dbsuv lcƒ rfk kcst lczf jvstb. Ist ˆmb hxdó wcv¢ rt sp
ivhkGD ucmzfsk …ÙÁ (hf zbA ˆj) hAdÙÁ icbvfq JfVf rsq htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt!
Ov-hfdV sHsM sot ˆhQ mft-Lb Fcsh sot. nckvfQ zfidb zfmfslv ubA lczf
jv¢b!' mrfbhD  kJb dkdb dbsuv rfk kcst icbvfq hxdó há rWqfv ubA lczf
jvstb ˆhQ hxdóW sot sKsm. (hcJfvD 933bQ, mcndtm, bfnf„, mcnbfl zfrml 3/256, 271)
zkˆh hcUf sot sp, bfmfspv iv lczfv zHAfn dYt bf hstƒ …ÙÁ nfrfhD sp nmq
jKf htf ˆhQ sj… jKf htst kfsj yci jvsk htfW dbdNÝ snƒ nmq zfïfrv bhD
 sj lc' lc'hfv lczfv zfshlb ufbfstb.
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156

nfsqh dhb qAfpDl hstb, ˆjlf zfdm mczfdhqf

ˆv nfsK (mnduslv) zfmDv-js[
ucmzfv bfmfp iVtfm. dkdb nftfm dIvst zfdm …sE snƒ ufqofskƒ ncâk isV
dbtfm. zk}iv dkdb (hfnfq) iashw jvst ˆjusbv mfvI{ zfmfsj sFsj ifdEsq
htstb, `kcdm pf jvst kf zfv däkDqhfv jsvf bf. ucmzfv bfmfp nmfå jvst jKf
htf zKhf shv rsq bf pfWqf ipG§À kfv nfsK zfv zbA sjfb bfmfp dmdtsq isVf bf.
jfvB, zfïfrv vnCt  zfmfslvsj zfslw jsvsYb sp, (mfsU) jKf bf hst hf shv
rsq bf sosq sjfb bfmfpsj spb zbA bfmfspv nfsK dmdtsq bf idV.' (mcndtm 883, zfhc
lf†l 1129bQ, mcnbfsl zfrml 4/95, 99)
…ÙÁ rflDn dbsq ˆjec dy§Àf jvst ±ió rsq …Esh sp, nfrfhfslv pcsoW ‰ mcbfufskv
Oef dhlAmfb dYt bf. nckvfQ kf sp bh-zfdh®jxk dhlXzfk kf idv®jfv rsq pfq.
dj§Â zufs§À stfsjvf w]fn sYsV zf]desk jfmV mfvsY! spJfsb lczf jvf Wqfduh hf
dhsLq snJfsb bf jsv znmq W zdhsLq ²¿fsb lczf jvfv ubA mfvfmfdv! zfhfv sj… bf
jvst kfsj dbsq hfVfhfdV!! dj§Â kfW dj ShL?
zkˆh zfidb pdl Îfb W dhshsjv nfrfspA wvDqskv mfijfdEsk ƒbnfI jvsk yfb
ˆhQ däLfdhHÙÁ nmfsuv nQjDBG msbv mfbcNslv r™lq-äfvsj …lfv W …¦mcÙÁ jsv wx£Jtf
zfbsk yfb, kfrst dbÇyq ˆ hAfifsv zfnt nkA zfibfv dbjeW iaje rsq …Esh ƒb wf-
zfïfr. i[f§Àsv zfidb skf yfb zfïfrv zbcoar, zfïfrv vrmk W mfodIvfk. ksh kf
pdl ˆ nmq YfVf zbA nmsqƒ ifWqf pfq, kfrst kf sn nmsqƒ sysq dbsk hfLf sjfKfq?
jKfq hst, ªsT]djwfst pdl mfdbj ifƒ, ksh sjb ihGsk pfƒ?« smfe jKf zfibfv
iasqfub zfidb zfibfv bfmfspƒ dH[f jv¢b. zfibfv zfisl-dhisl W hftf-mnDhsk
bfmfspƒ nfrfpA iafKGbf jv¢b. dhswN jsv zfïfr spsrkc hstb, ªskfmvf SLpG W bfmfspv
mfLAsm nfrfpA iafKGbf jv.« (nCvf hfj¶fvfr 45,153 zfqfk)
zkˆh sJqft jsv slJcb rqskf hf sp iasqfub zfidb dH[f jvshb snƒ
iasqfusbv lczf bfmfspƒ vsqsY. bsy{ zbcv™i nrDr lczf shsY dbsq zfidb lczfv
²¿fsb bfmfspƒ jvsk ifsvb. zfv pdl dbsuv HfNfskƒ lczf jvsk rq, kfrst lczf
jhct rWqfv zfsvf hù nmq zfsY. snƒ nfLfvB nmsq zfidb zfibfv dhbsqv rfk
kcst Jch jsv pk ifsvb zfïfrv dbje sysq dbb. zfidb ˆjf rstW -zfïfrv Wqflf-
dkdb hf¦lfv lczf jhct jsvb; pdl ndEj dbqsm rq. bfƒhf yfƒstb ‰ dhkdjGk nmsq!
kfYfVf bfmfspv dHkv mcbfufskv ‰ bqbfdHvfm hfdoyfq iafq zfede ²¿fsb lczf jvfv
ncspfo vsqsY; kfjhDsv kfrvDmfv iv, v¢jcsk, jWmfsk, dnulfq, lcƒ dnulfv mfsU,
kfwfrùsl, v¢jcv iCshG zKhf isv jcbCsk ˆhQ jcvzfb ifEjfst vrmskv zfqfk ˆst
vrmk sysq ˆhQ zfpfshv zfqfk ˆst zfpfh sKsj zfwaq iafKGbf jsv bfmfpD lczf jsv
Kfsj. (Ikùt hfvD 11/136) zfv …ÙÁ ²¿fbocdtsk dj dbsq lczf jvshb kf skf iCshGv
idvs¤Ylocdtsk susbsYb. nckvfQ ˆkocstf ²¿fb dj zfibfv ubA psKó bq?
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157

dj§Â lc}sJv dhNq zsbsj sn nh lczfsj sjht bfmfp hstƒ ufsb W sysb. lczf hst
bq. Ist iCBG nmKGb jsv ufmfzfkD lczfsj. rqskf hf kfv jfvB ˆƒ sp, mcJ²¿ jsv
lczf jvf jójv hAfifv, zKy bfmfspv iv ufmfzfsk sjmb zfvfmsn sjht `zfmDb-
zfmDb' htstƒ lczf W nrsu djd²Àmfk rsq pfq! i[f§Àsv ƒmfm nfsrh dj lczf
jvstb kfv Jhv sbƒ, lczfv zsKGv iadk sJ]fu sbƒ, lczfv iadk msbfspfo sbƒ - ˆmb
lczfq It sjfKfq? mrfbhD  hstb, ªzfv susb svsJf sp, zfïfr dhn¹xk W …lfnDb
r™lq sKsj lczf mÓcv jsvb bf.« (dkvdmpD 3479 bQ)
lczf dhlzfskv Iskfqf wcsb zsbsjv zsbj vjm zdHspfo. sj… hstb, `lczf
…sE pfs¤Y, djYc dlb iv bfmfpW …sE pfsh rqskf!' zKy lczf W bfmfp ˆj bq.
bfmfp rt äDsbv J]dc e. zfv bfmfspv iv rfk kcst lczf skf dHdÙrDb. nckvfQ pfv
dHk sbƒ, kf de]sj sjmsb?
ˆj mndusl ufmfzfskv nmq rsq ˆsndYt. Wpc jvsk slvD rWqfq zfmfslv
zsi[f jvdYt ufmfzfk. ˆj nfsrh jfvB ufbsk yfƒst sj… htstb, `zfvshv
mfWtfbf Wpc jvsYb, ˆjec Kfmcb.' dj§Â yeX jsvƒ ˆj nfsrh hst …Estb, `zfvshv
stfjslv lczf bf rst yst, Wpc bf rstW skf ytsh!'
zsbsj hstb, `jìstv sv]fqf hfYsk nh swN.'
hÙÁfv LfvBfmsk wvDqskv nhdjYcƒ jìstv sv]fqf. zKGf{ Ivp, ncâk, bIt,
dhlzfk nhƒ nmfb! zKy iajk x is[ dhlzfk …s¤Yl jìstv sv]fqf hfYf bq; hvQ
Ict hfofsbv zfofYf zKhf Lfbs[skv sUfVf hfYf.
zsbsj hstb, `ifqufmf Jfefsk Jfefsk swNjfst slJdY zf×fviAf¦e rsq pfsh!'
`dYt sT]dj rt wCt, jfesk jfesk dbmGCt - rsq pfsh.'
zKGf{ Ivp bfmfspv iv rfk kcst lczf …sE sost spb l¶Dsbv mCt zQw hfl isV
sot! ˆ]slv dbjse mcdV-mcVdjv nmfb lv. jfj-sjfdjstv sjfb ifKGjA sbƒ. zKy
ƒntfsm zdkvÓsbv ²¿fb sbƒ. ƒntfsm sjfb djYc ˆmb sbƒ pfsk nQspfub jvf pfsh
zKhf djYc rafn jvf pfsh. hfVdk bJ-yct jfef zhwA hfdÒk, zfÌct hf mfKf jfef bq.
ifqufmf o]fsev dbsy Ucst vf²Àfv mqtf tfost zhwAƒ ÎfbDoB kf sjse o]fsev …iv
ipG§À jsv sbb. jfvB k]fvf ufsbb sp, o]fsev dbsy jfiV ivf rfvfm. nckvfQ
ziasqfubDq hfVdk zQw jfef skf njstv dbje Îfb W dhÎfb-n©mk. zfv hfVdk
zQw jfestƒ sp zfnt zQwW jfef pfsh kf uv¢vD bq. zhwA p]fslv dbjse zfnt-
bjstv sjfb ifKGjA-Îfb sbƒ k]fslv jKf ök§Ã.
kfYfVf hfVdk W shwD jvfv iasqfub sjfKfq? z¬i smrbsk It W jfu ˆjƒ rst
snefƒ psKó W „d¨nk bq dj? bsy{ `yfNfv yfN jvf slsJ yfN jvst sofqft, Lfsbv
nsÌ sJ]fu bfƒ shfUf shfUf sifqft' rsh bf dj?
zsbsj hstb, `W]vf dj ufbskb bf, p]fvf ˆkdlb dbqdmkHfsh lczf jsv sostb?'
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158

dj§Â ˆv …Ùsv zfmvfW iaw´ jvsk ifdv, `W]vf dj ufbskb bf, p]fvf jJsbf mcbfufk
jsv pfb db, hf ufsbb bf p]fvf ˆJsbf mcbfufk jsvb bf ?' nckvfQ ltDtƒ iamfB
jvsh sj ufbskb zfv sj ufbskb bf. i[f§Àsv p]fvf ƒudkrfsl Hct jsv sosYb,
zfïfr k]fslv Hct [mf jvshb ˆhQ k]fvf ˆjde sbjDv zdLjfvDW rshb. zkˆh p]fvf
bf susb jsv sosYb k]fslvsj dhlzfkD htfv zdLjfvW jfsvf sbƒ. ksh ndEjkf
ufbfv iv kfv dlsj iakAfhkGb jvf zhwAƒ Wqfsuh.
zsbsj hstb, lczf skf Hfstf dudbn. Wsk [dk dj? dj§Â Hfstf rstƒ sp hfVdk
jvfv zdLjfv zfsY, kf bq. bfmfp Hfstf hst 2 vfjzfskv ²¿fsb 3 vfjzfk shwD
iVf pfq bf. lv™l Hfstf rstW ufmfzfkD nmösv hf l]fdVsq djqfm jsv lv™l iVf pfq
bf. ˆƒ hfVdk jvfv bfmƒ skf dhlzfk.
zsbsj hstb, `lczf …sE sot kfƒ skf bfbf jó, bfbf dhil-zfil slJf dls¤Y
mcndtm nmfsu.' zhwA ˆmb stfsjvf bfmfspv iv rfk kcst lczf YfVf zfv zbA lczf
sysbb bf. kfƒ skf sj… Ivp bfmfspv iv mcbfufk bf jvst zsbsj jcvzfsbv
zfqfk sKsj ltDt …Ýxk jsv kfsj ufrfâfmD hfdbsq Kfsjb! jfvB zfïfr hstb,
ªskfmfslv iadkiftj hstb, skfmvf zfmfv dbje lczf jv, zfdm kf jhct jvh. pfvf
zrQjfsv zfmfv ƒhflk (lczf) jvfq dhmcJ kfvf tfdÒk rsq ufrfâfsm iashw
jvsh.« (nCvf mcdmb 60 zfqfk)
htfƒ hfùtA sp, ˆmb hÙÁfv dbje lczf ˆhQ Ivp bfmfspv iv rfk kcst lczfv
mfsU sjfb ifKGjAƒ sbƒ. kfƒ skf sU]fi bf hcsUƒ sjfi smsv Kfsjb!
zsbsj hstb, `Ivp bfmfspv iv ‰v™i lczf jvsk dbsNL zfsY dj?' dj§Â dbsNL bf
Kfjst pdl jvf spk, kfrst skf hù djYc jvf pfq. zfpfb W bfmfp Hfstf dudbn hst
njft 9efq zfpfb dlsq ufmfzfk jsv bfmfp iVsk ifdv dj? jfvB ‰ nmq ‰ zfmt
skf dbsNL bq. ksh lv™sl nmövsj sjb dhlzfk hdt, nmösv lv™l skf dbsNL bq---
ƒkAfdl. ˆv™i mcbfufk sbƒ kfv iamfB rt rflDsn hf zfnfsv kfv …sïJ sbƒ. iv§Â
sjfb ƒhflk `sbƒ' iamfB jvsk ltDstv iasqfub rq bf; jfvB `sbƒ' ˆv ltDtƒ rt
jcvzfb-rflDsn ˆv …sïJ sbƒ. zhwA `zfsY' iamfB jvsk ±ió ltDt uv¢vD. kfƒ
skf sp jmG jvsk dbdNÝ hst iamfB zfsY kf jvfsj `rfvfm' hst, `dhlzfk' bq.
i[f§Àsv pf `zfsY' hst iamfB sbƒ kf äDb W Hfstf msb jsv jvfsjƒ bkcbk¶ hf
dhlzfk hst. zfv mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfslv ˆ (äDb) hAfifsv bkcb djYc
…ßfhb jvsh pf kfv ipGfqHcÙÁ bq, kf iakAfJAfk.« (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 140bQ)
ªsp hAdÙÁ ˆmb zfmt jsv, pfsk zfmfslv sjfb dbslGw
sbƒ, kf iakAfJAfk.« (mcndtm
1718bQ) ªzfv bhvdyk jmGnmCr sKsj lCsv sKsjf. jfvB, bhvdyk jmG rt dhlzfk
ˆhQ iaskAj dhlzfkƒ ëókf.« (mcnbfsl zfrml, zfhc lf†l, dkvdmpD, ƒhsb mfufr,
dmwjfk165bQ) ªzfv iaskAj ëókfƒ rt ufrfâfsm.« (nrDr bfnf„ 1487bQ)
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159

nckvfQ dhlzfskv Hfstf-m¦l djYc sbƒ. hvQ kfv nhefƒ m¦l. zfv pf dhlzfk, kf
uv¢vD msb bf jsv jvstW dhlzfk ˆhQ jJsbf jJsbf jvfW dhlzfk. bsy{ ˆv
iamfsB ltDt uv¢vD. spmb pdl hdt, `djqfm jvf dhlzfk, ksh uv¢vD bf msb jsv
jvf dhlzfk bq hf jJsbf jJsbf jvf dhlzfk bq' ksh dbÇyq kf pcdÙÁnÌk bq.
klbcv™i Ivp bfmfspv iv rfk kcst lczf pdl dhlzfkƒ rq ksh kf zuv¢vD msb
jsv jJsbf jJsbf jvf sjfb pcdÙÁsj lCNBDq rsh bf?
idvswsN ˆJfsb ƒhsb mn…l
ˆv ˆjde jKf n¹vB jdvsq slWqf nÌk msb jdv;
dkdb hstb, ªskfmvf zbcnvB jv, bkcb djYc vybf jsvf bf. jfvB skfmfslv ubA
kfƒ psKó. zfv skfmvf icvfkb i§¿fƒ zhtìb jv.« (dntdntf pqDIfr 2/19)
(Ivp bfmfspv iv ˆjfjD hf ufmfzfkD mcbfufk dhlzfk rWqf iansÌ Iskfqf
slJcb. (mh} 17/55, 20/147, 24/70, 92, I…}1/367, mcm} 3/277-282, Iƒ} 1/319, iaHdx k)
nhswsN, rfk kcst mcbfufk sbƒ hst nftfm dIvfv ivivƒ …sE ncâk iVsk tfof
zKhf ia²¿fb jvf ˆhQ dpjXv-zfpjfv kAfo jvf zhwA …dyk bq.

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ˆˆj
jƒƒ
icv¢N W mdrtfv bfmfspv iÝdk ˆjƒ iajfv. nckvfQ mdrtfW ‰v™i ˆjƒ kvDjfq
bfmfp iVsh, spv™i W sp kvDjfq icv¢N isV Kfsj. jfvB, (bfvD-icv¢N …Hq ufdkv)
…©mksj nsìfLb jsv vnCt  hstsYb,
ªskfmvf snƒv™i bfmfp iV, spv™i zfmfsj
iVsk slsJY.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 683bQ) zfv …Hsqv bfmfp ixKj rWqfv hAfifsv sjfb
ltDtW sbƒ.
nckvfQ sp zfslw wvDqk icv¢Nslvsj jsvsY, sn zfslw mdrtfslv ubAW ˆhQ sp
nfLfvB zfslw mdrtfslvsj jsvsY kfW icv¢Nslv s[sÛ
iftbDq -pdl dhswN rWqfv
hAfifsv sjfb iajfv ltDt bf Kfsj. spmb, ªpfvf nkD mdrtfslv …iv dmKAf zihfl
zfsvfi jsv, zk}iv yfvub nf[D …id²¿k jsv bf, kfslv ubA wfd²À rt 80 sjfVf-
--.« (jc} 24/4) iv§Â
pdl sj… sjfb n{ icv¢Nsj zbcv™i zihfl slq, ksh kfv
ubAW ‰ ˆjƒ wfd²À iaspfuA.
nckvfQ mdrtfvfW kfslv bfmfsp icv¢Nslv mkƒ rfk kctsh, diE tìf jsv v¢jC jvsh,
dnulfq ufbc rsk sie W ifsqv vtfsj lCsv svsJ diE snfuf jsv dnulfr jvsh.
kfwfrXùslW snƒv™i hnsh, spv™i icv¢Nvf hsn. …s©m lfvlf (vf}) k]fv bfmfsp icv¢sNv
mkƒ hnskb. zfv dkdb ˆjub IjDr dYstb. (zfkX-kfvDJcn n¶foDv, hcJfvD 95ix}, hc}, Ihf} 2/355)
zfv mdrtfslv uVnV rsq dnulfr jvfv hAfifsv sjfb rflDn nrDr bq. (dnp} 2652 bQ) ˆ
ubAƒ ƒhvfrDm bfJqD (v}) hstb, `bfmfsp mdrtf ‰v™iƒ jvsh, spv™i icv¢N jsv
Kfsj.' (ƒzfwf}, dnnfb} 189ix})
i[f§Àsv ltDstv dHdÙskƒ bfmfspv djYc hAfifsv mdrtfvf icv¢Nslv sKsj dHâv™i
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160

zfmt jsv Kfsj. spmb}-

1. shofbf icv¢N zfsw-ifsw Kfjst (survD bfmfsp) mdrtf nwsè jcvzfb iVsh bf.
(mcm} 3/304) spmb sn iCBfG Ì
ilGfv nfsK bfmfp iVsh. kfYfVf
ˆjfdjbD rstW kfv
sthfsn dhdHâ ifKGjA zfsY.
2. mdrtf mdrtfslv ƒmfmdk jvst icv¢Nslv mk nfmsb bf l]fdVsq jfkfsvv mfsU
l]fVfsh.
3. ƒmfsmv Hct Ldvsq slWqfv …sÜswA mdrtf icv¢sNv mk `nchrf-bfïfr' bf hst
rfkkfdt slsh.
4. mdrtf mfKfv yct sh]sL bfmfp iVsk ifsv, dj§Â
(tìf yct rst) icv¢N kf ifsv bf.
ˆ nh hAfifsv ltDtnr dh²Àfdvk zfstfybf pKf²¿fsb
ûóhA.
zsbj mdrtf zfsY, pfvf mndusl hf hfdVsk icv¢Nslv bfmfp iVf bf rst bfmfp isV
bf. ˆef Hct. zfpfb rst hf bfmfspv nmq rst zfWqft zsÙÁ
bfmfp iVf mdrtfvW
jkGhA. (mck¶fnf 188-189ix})

j
jvcv
c z
zffbb mmJ
cJ
c ²²¿
¿
bbff r
rsst
t
jfsvf is[ jcvzfb mcJ²¿
sjfb iajfsv n©Hh bf rst, zKhf Ivp rWqfv iv k{iv
mcJ²¿
jvfv ncspfo bf rst sn mcJ²¿
jvfv iCshGv bfmfpÈstfsk dj¶vfzfskv ²¿fsb
`nchrf-bfïfr, ztrfmlc dtïf-r, ztf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr, zïf-ù zfjhfv, ztf rfWtf
ztf j¶cWqfkf ƒïf dhïfr' htsh. (zflf} 832 bQ, ƒJc}, rf}, k¶fhf}, ƒdr}, ƒo} 303bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt  bfmfp HctjfvD nfrfhDsj hstdYstb, ªzk}iv pdl skfmfv
jcvzfb mcJ²¿
Kfsj, kfrst kf ifE jv. bsy{ kfrmDl (zftrfmlc dtïf-r), kfjhDv
(zfïf-ù zfjhfv) W kfrtDt (tf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr) iV.« (zflf} 861 bQ, dk})
nckvfQ jcvzfb mcJ²¿
rq bf hst hf jcvzfb mcJ²¿
sbƒ hst ˆƒ Wusv bfmfp mfI
bq. kfnhDr-kfrtDt isVW bfmfp iVsk rsh ˆhQ kfv nfsK syóf Kfjsh mrfb
zfïfrv mrfhfBD mcJ²¿
jvfv.

bbffmmffpp j
jffssqqmm r
rsshh ddj
jHHffsshh??
mrfb zfïfr jcvzfb mfuDsl W k]fv vnCstv mcsJ zfmfslvsj bfmfp iVsk W jfsqm
jvsk hstsYb. nckvfQ bfmfp iVfƒ psKó
bq; bfmfp jfsqm jvf uv¢vD. zfv bfmfp
jfsqm rsh kJbƒ, pJb bfmfpD bfmfspv wkGfhtD, v¢jXb, Ivp hf Wqfsuh iaHdx k
iftb jsv hfdrAjHfsh ˆhQ kfv zfLAfdk¹j dhNqfhtD iadkôf jsv zf§ÀdvjHfsh
bfmfp zflfq jvsh. zfv kJbƒ bfmfp snƒ bfmfp rsh, sp bfmfp ifi W sbfQvf jfu
rsk bfmfpDsj dhvk vfsJ.
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161

bfmfspv hfdrAj dljef djHfsh iadkôf jvsk rsh kf zfmvf iCshGƒ susbdY. ˆhfsv
kfv zfLAfdk¹j dljef djHfsh iadkôf jvf pfsh kfƒ zfstfdykhA.
zf§Àdvj dhNqfhtDv msLA r™lq …id²¿k svsJ
ˆjfoakf W msbfdbshswv nfsK bfmfp
iVfƒ iaLfb. ˆv nsÌ
Kfjsh msbv jfjcdk-dmbdk, zbcbq-dhbq, nhGmrfb dhw¶fdLidk
ˆhQ ˆjmfÛ
iaHc W
…ifsnAv n©mcsJ làfqmfb rsq z§Àsv Kfjsh dbvdkwq zflh,
HdÙÁ
W dhbdk. zfïfr kfzftf hstb, ªmc'dmboB zhwAƒ nItjfm rsqsY; pfvf
dbsuslv bfmfsp dhbq-bma---.« (jc} 23/1)
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªsp mcndtm hAdÙÁv dbjse sjfb Ivp bfmfp
…id²¿k rq,
zk}iv sn ‰ bfmfspv Wpc, jfjcdk-dmbdk W v¢jC nc¦lvHfsh jsv, kfrst ˆv Ist
jfhDvf sofbfr bf jvst kfv iCshGjfv sofbfrnmCsrv kfv ubA jfIXIfvf rsq pfq. zfv
ˆv™i rq nh nmsqv ubA. (mc}, dm} 286 bQ)
ªsp mcndtm hAdÙÁ
nc¦lvHfsh Wpc jsv, zk}iv JfVf rsq sn kfv slr-mb dbsq
ˆjfoakfv nfsK 2 vfjzfk bfmfp isV, sn hAdÙÁv ubA ufâfk Wqfsuh rsq pfq.« (mc}
234 bQ)
dhbdkv mfsb ˆƒ bq sp, bfmfpDsj bfmfsp j]flsk rsh. dhbdk rt r™lsqv …id²¿dk
W nhGfsÌv d²¿vkfv bfm. (mcm} 3/456)
zkˆh ˆjfoakf, msbfspfo W dhbdkv nfsK zfidb zfibfv bfmfp jfsqm jvsk
yfƒst dbsm´ÙÁ jsqjde
…islw oarB jv¢b }-
1. zfidb sp bfmfp iVsYb kf dbÇyq
ˆjmfÛ
zfïfrv …sÜswA. nckvfQ zfïfrv
n§Âdó
tfsHv
…sÜswA, k]fv
ùjcm iftbfsKG, k]fv iadk dhswN zbcvfo, HdÙÁ
W siam
iajfwfsKG, k]fv SbjeA W Hfstfhfnf zuGsbv zfwfq, k]fv zfpfshv Hsq, k]fv nWqfh W
[mfv jfmbfskƒ zfidb bfmfp iVcb.
2. bfmfsp l]fdVsq zfidb msb jv¢b sp, zfïfrv Jfn lvhfsv zfidb rfduv rsqsYb.
zfidb spb k]fsj slJsYb, dkdb zfvswv …iv vsqsYb. snJfb rskƒ dkdb nfvf nxdóv
iadk nC[¹
lxdó
svsJsYb. dkdb zfibfv bfmfp iVfW slJsYb. zhwA k]fv sjfb iajfv
zfjfv W iadkmCdkG msb j¬ibf jvshb bf. jfvB, k]fv mk sjfb djYcƒ sbƒ.
zfidb zfibfv mmGmCst Hfhcb sp, dkdb zdhbw¶v, dyvÓDh, nhGswafkf, nhGûóf,
mrfivfÛÁmwftD, dhÎfbmq. dkdb zfslw jsvb, dbsNL jsvb, Hfstfhfsnb zfhfv
sÛÁfLfd¦hkW rb. hf¦lfv sjfbW sofib hf iajfwA jKf hf jmG k]fv dbje Èå
bq.
njt dhNsq dkdb ndhswN zhdrk.
ªy[cv Yt-yfrdb
ˆhQ r™lq pf sofib jsv kf
dkdb ufsbb.« (jc} 40/19) ˆƒ iakAsqv nfsK nfsK k]fv ubA zfibfv z§Àsv pKfKG
kf'pDm, HdÙÁ,
zbcvfo, HDdk, siam, zfoar, zfwf, Hvnf, dhbdk iaHdx k nmshk rsh.
ecse pfsh nfQnfdvj njt háb.
ðLc de]sj Kfjsh zfïfr W zfibfv mfsU mcbfufskv W
dbvftfq oHDv zftfsiv háb.
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162

3. bfmfsp l]fdVsq zfidb ±mvB jv¢b, zfibfsj mvskƒ rsh ˆhQ dIsv spsk rsh
snƒ dhwft hflwfv dbje, p]fv nfmsb zfidb làfqmfb zfsYb, zfv drnfhW tfosh
k]fv jfsY njt jfsuv. Lsv dbbX rqskf zfibfv ˆef swN bfmfp. nftfm dIsv rqskf
zfv bfmfspv ncspfo ifshb bf. spb zfidb zfibfv diaqksmv dbje sKsj dhlfqjfst
swN nf[f{ jvsYb, swN jKf htsYb W swN zfshlb ufdbsq dbs¤Yb. zfv ˆƒ nmq
dj zfidb zfibfv syfsJv ifdb v¢sJ vfJsk ifsvb? ˆƒ mcrCskG dj zfibfv mb zbA
dlsj Ycesk ifsv?
diaq bhD  hstb, ªkcdm skfmfv bfmfsp mvBsj n¹vB jv. jfvB, mfbcN pJb kfv
bfmfsp mvBsj n¹vB jsv, kJb pKfKGƒ sn kfv bfmfpsj nc¦lv jsv. zfv kcdm snƒ
hAdÙÁv mk bfmfp iV, sp msb jsv bf sp,
ˆ
YfVf sn zbA bfmfp iVsk ifvsh. kcdm
iaskAj snƒ jmG sKsj lCsv Kfj, pf jsv skfmfsj (zisvv dbjse) [mf yfƒsk rq.
(mcnbfsl sIvlf†n, dnn} 1421, nuf} 849 bQ)
ˆj hAdÙÁ
bhD

ˆv dbje …id²¿k rsq htt, zfmfsj nQs[si djYc
…islw dlb.
dkdb htstb,
ªpJb kcdm skfmfv bfmfsp l]fVfsh kJb (mvB isKv idKsjv dhlfq
sbWqfv nmq) swN bfmfp iVfv mk bfmfp iV.
ˆmb jKf hstf bf, pf hst (zisvv
dbje) [mf yfƒsk rq. zfv stfsjslv rfsk pf zfsY kf sKsj n©iCBH G fsh dbvfw rsq
pfW.« (hc} kfvDJ, ƒmf} 4171 bQ, zf} 5/412, hf}, dnn} 401 bQ)
zfv ˆj hBGbfq dkdb hstsYb, ªkcdm (mvB isKv idKsjv dhlfq sbWqfv nmq) swN
bfmfp iVfv mk bfmfp iV. (msb msb jv,) spb kcdm zfïfrsj slJY, bsy{ dkdb
skfmfsj slJsYb---.« (k¶fhf}, hf}, iamcJ dnn} 1914 bQ)
4. msb jv¢b zfidb zfïfrv nfsK jKf htsYb ˆhQ zfïfr zfibfv jKf ðbsYb W
uWqfhW dls¤Yb. jfvB, mrfb zfïfr hstb, `zfdm bfmfpsj zfmfv W zfmfv hf¦lfv
mfsU zfLfzfdL Hfo jsv dbsqdY. zfv zfmfv hf¦lfv ubA kfƒ vsqsY, pf sn iafKGbf
jsv.' nckvfQ hf¦lf pJb hst, `zftrfmlc dtïfdr vfdêt zf'-tfmDb.' kJb zfïfr
hstb, `zfmfv hf¦lf zfmfv iawQnf jvt ---.' (mc}, dm} 823 bQ)
zfidb msb jv¢b, zfidb k]fv nfsK ˆjf§À dbvftfq zftfib jvsYb. nckvfQ jfsvf
nfsK dbHxk zftfsi jfsb-jfsb jKf htfv nmq zfibfv mb W sJqft dj zbA dlsj
Kfjsk ifsv? mrfbhD  hstb, ªzhwAƒ bfmfpD kfv iaHcv nfsK dbuGsb zftfi jsv
---.« (mf}, zf}, dm} 856 bQ)
5. bfmfsp sJqft jv¢b. zfidb ˆj zivfLD, [mfv dHJfvD. zfidb ˆj itfkj lfn,
zbckå
rsq k]fv zbcoar-iafKGD. zfidb
ˆjub
lcht G [mkfrDb, [mkfv dHJfvD.
zfidb
ˆjub db}ö
znrfq, nfrfpA W nrfqkfv zdHtfND. iKëó,
iK-dbslGswv
zfwfLfvD. dj¾ó
W iDdVk, dbvfiÙf W dbvfmsqv dHJfvD. v¢pDrDb, v¢pDv dHJfvD. zfv
msb vfJcb sp, ˆnh dH[f zfidb k]fv lvuf YfVf zbA jfsvf lvufq ifshb bf, sisk
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163

ifsvb bf. kfƒ skf zfidb iaskAj vfjzfsk hst Kfsjb, ªzfmvf sjht skfmfvƒ
ƒhflk jsv Kfdj ˆhQ skfmfvƒ dbje nfrfpA dH[f jdv.« (nCvf Ifdkrf/4)
6. bfmfsp zfibfv y[c wDkt srfj. r™lq-mb Hsv …Ecj wfd§À W öd²Àsk. …iwm
srfj njt iajfv hAKf W shlbfv. mrfbhD  hstb, ªbfmfsp zfmfv y[c wDkt jvf
rsqsY.« (zf}, bf}, rf}, hf}, nuf} 3124 bQ) ˆjlf dkdb dhtft
sj htstb, ªbfmfspv
ƒjfmk dlsq kܶfvf zfmfslvsj wfd§À lfW, sr dhtft!« (zflf} 4985, dm} 1253 bQ)
zkˆh zfidbW zfibfv msbv ivm wfd§À bfmfspƒ Jcs] u ifshb.
7. ˆƒ nmq zfidb dmdó
ncsv nc¦lv dj¶vfzfk jv¢b. slJshb, pk iVshb kk zfsvf
iVsk mb rsh. dj¶vfzfk YfVskƒ ƒ¤Yf rsh bf. snƒ nmq mcbfufskv ˆmb ˆj dmó

öfl zfsY, pf kAfo jvskƒ mb rsh bf. ƒmfsmv iÇyfsk rst msb rsh bfmfp zfsvf
tìf srfj.
8. zfv bfmfp pdl zfibfv y[cv wDktkf rq kfrst dbÇyqƒ sjfb bfmfp zfibfv
is[ Hfdv rWqf …dyk bq. kf ˆj iajfv shfUf msb jvf ˆhQ nmq rst kf sjfb
vjm zflfq jsv bfdmsq bf slWqf ipG§À zöd²À shfL jvsk KfjfW …dyk bq. jfvB
bfmfpsj Hfdv msb jvf mcbfdIsjv ydvÛ
W t[B.
‰
slJcb bf, zfïfr kfv nf[A dlsq
hstb, ªmcbfdIjvf --- pJb bfmfsp l]fVfq, kJb SwdKstAv nfsK sjht stfj-
slJfsbfv ubA l]fVfq ˆhQ zfïfrsj kfvf z¬iƒ n¹vB jsv.« (jc} 4/142) ªzfv kfvf
zftnA Hvf mb dbsq bfmfsp …id²¿k rq.« (jc} 9/54)
diaq bhD  hstb, ªˆwf W Iusvv bfmfp mcbfdIjslv ubA nhsysq shwD Hfdv
bfmfp.« (zflf}, bf}, dm} 1066 bQ)
nckvfQ bfmfpsj Hfdv msb jvshb bf ˆhQ lfq nfvfv mk yeXieX isV dbsq dj jsv
zhAfrdk dmst snƒ syófq Kfjshb bf. jfvB, ufsbb sp, wfd§Àv nmq nQs[i rq ˆhQ
jsóv nmq tìf. zkˆh bfmfp pdl zfibfv ubA wfd§Àial rq, ksh zfibfsj msb
rsh sp, kf yeX jsv swN rsq sot. i[f§Àsv pdl kf Hfdv W jólfqj msb jsv
kfVfkfdV swN jvfv ubA zöd²ÀshfL jsv Kfsjb, kfrst sn bfmfspv nmq zfibfsj
zfsvf tìf tfofvƒ jKf. iv§Â
mrfb zfïfr pdl zfibfv dbje diaqkm rb, ksh k]fv
nfsK dbvftfq zftfi jvsk skf dhvdÙÁ
W zöd²ÀshfL jvfv jKf bq!
9. dj§Â
diaqksmv nfsK dbvftfq zftfisbv dmó öfl kJbƒ ifshb, pJb zfidb
nÎfsb kfv nfsK jKf htshb. bsy{, ifot spmb iatfi hsj sjfb wfd§À ifq bf,
skmdb zfidbW ifshb bf. nckvfQ bfmfsp zfidb pf htsYb, kf n©iCBG bf rstW
smfefmcde hcsU htcb. pf htsYb, kf ndEjHfsh htcb. bsy{ zfidb dj htsYb, kf pdl
zfidb dbsuƒ bf shfsUb zKhf `lflf' htsk `ofLf' hstb, kfrst dbÇyqƒ snƒ
zftfsi muf ifshb bf, dhLfq ItW rsh zidvBk hf dhivDk.
‰ slJcb bf, diaq bhD  hstb, ªzhwAƒ bfmfpD kfv iadkiftsjv nfsK dbvftfq
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164

zftfi jsv. nckvfQ sn dj zftfi jvsY, kf spb sn t[A jsv.« (mf}, zf}, dm} 856 bQ)
pdl zfidb hcsU W sJqft jsv nCvf kKf lczf-lv™l isVb, kfrst kfv It sp nc¦lv
W dmó
rsh kf dbdÇyk.
‰
Istv hAfifsv vnCt  hstb,
ªpJbƒ sjfb mcndtm
iCBvG ™si WpC jsv bfmfp iVsk l]fVfq ˆhQ (kfsk) pf htsY kf sn hcsU, kJbƒ sn
iaKm dlsbv dwwcv mk (db°ifi) rsq bfmfp n©iâ jsv.« (zflf}, bf}, ƒmf}, ƒJc}, rf}, nkf} 183, 544 bQ)
bfmfsp `v™r' hf `ufb' zfbsk sp dudbn shwD nfrfpA jsv, kf rt bfmfsp pf iVf hf
htf rq kfv zKG hcUf. zbAKfq bfvsjstv sJfnf bf sHsÌ
…isv jfmV dlst spmb
bfvsjstv
öfl ifWqf pfq bf, iv§Â
smrbk hvhfl W l]fsk lvl rq, zbcv™i zfvhD
sHsÌ
bf hcsU bfmfp iVst bfmfspvW sjfb
öfl ifWqf pfq bf. kfsk dhswN kxdå
W
IttfH rq bf.
diaq bhD  hstb, ªhf¦lf bfmfp isV, zKy kfv bfmfspv 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3
zKhf 2 Hfsov 1 Hfo mfÛ
(jhct hst) dtdihÝ
rq!« (zflf} 796 bQ, bf})
htfƒ hfùtA sp, pfv bfmfp pk mrfbhD  ˆv ncâfr smfkfshj ˆhQ v™rdhdwó
rsh,
kfv bfmfp kk iCBfG Ì
W shwD wcÝ
rsh. bsy{, snƒ jdm zbcnfsv nWqfhW jm rsk
Kfjsh.
mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªsr „mfblfvoB! skfmvf sbwfv zh²¿fq bfmfspv dbjehkGD
rsqf bf, pk[B bf skfmvf dj htY kf hcUsk ifv---.« (jc} 4/43) nckvfQ mfljûshAv
mk ŠlfnA, ofItdk, sJt-kfmfwf, ifdKGh n©il ˆhQ (bfmfpD bfmfsp pf htsY kf
hcUsk syóf
bf jvfv) zftnA pfsj sbwfoa²À jsv svsJsY sn dj bfmfspv dbjse zfnfv
zspfoA bq?
ItjKf, nhGiajfv mfljkf, sbwf, ŠlfnA W zmsbfspfdokf sKsj idhÛ
rsq zfïfrv
lvhfsv …id²¿k rsq k]fv nfsK zftfi jvfƒ mc'dmsbv jkGhA.
10. bfmfspv dHkv zfidb zfibfv zfk¹f W wqkfsbv dhv¢sÝ
tVfƒ jv¢b. zfidb
bfmfsp mb hnfstW wqkfb dj§Â
zfibfv diYb YfsV bf. kfƒ skf zsbj Hcst pfWqf
jKf bfmfsp msb isV Kfsj. mrfbhD  hstb, ªbfmfspv ubA zfpfb slWqf rst
wqkfb iflsk iflsk ˆk lCsv iftfq, spJfsb zfpfb swfbf pfq bf. zfpfb swN rst
zfhfv dIsv zfsn. ƒjfmk wcv¢ rst icbvfq iftfq. ƒjfmk swN rst bfmfpDv jfsY
ˆsn kfv msb dhdHâ jcm§ÃBf zfbqb jsv hst,
`ˆef msb jv, Wef msb jv.'
ˆƒHfsh
bfmfpDv pf msb dYt bf kf msb jdvsq slq. ˆv Ist bfmfpD swsN jk vfjzfk bfmfp
iVt kf ufbsk ifsv bf.« (hc} 608 bQ, mc}, zflf}, bf}, lf}, mf}, zf} 2/313)
…nmfb dhb zfhct zfn
mrfbhD  ˆv dbje …id²¿k rsq zfvu jvstb, sr
zfïfrv vnCt! wqkfb zfmfv W zfmfv bfmfp ˆhQ dj¶vfzfskv mfsU z§Àvft W
softmft nxdó
jsv. (h]fyfv
…ifq dj?)' dkdb htstb,
ªWef rt `dJbpfh' bfmj
ˆj
wqkfb. nckvfQ
‰v™i zbcHh jvst kcdm zfïfrv dbje Wv sKsj zfwaq iafKGbf jsvf
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165

ˆhQ skfmfv hfm dlsj 3 hfv KcKc smsvf.« …nmfb hstb, ˆv™i jvst zfïfr zfmfv
dbje sKsj wqkfsbv ‰ jcm§ÃBf lCv jsv slb. (mc} 2203 bQ)
11. bfmfsp l]fdVsq zfibfv lxdósj dEj dnulfv ufqofq dbhÝ
vfJcb. kfwfrùsl hsn
lxdó
vfJcb wfrflskv zfÌcstv
…iv.
ˆsk zfibfv mb nufo W nkjG Kfjsh.
ˆ

hAfifsv rflDn iCshG
…sïdJk rsqsY.
12. …iv dlsj Jhvlfv buv kctshb bf. zfïfrv vnCt  bfmfp iVsk iVsk
zfjfswv dlsj lxdó
kcst slJsk dbsNL jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb, ªstfsjslv dj rsqsY
sp, Wvf bfmfspv msLA Wslv lxdó zfjfswv dlsj skfst?« ˆ hAfifsv k]fv hÙÁhA Jch
jsEfv rsq …Et. idvswsN dkdb htstb, ªzdk zhwAƒ Wvf ˆ jfu rsk dhvk
srfj, bsy{ Wslv y[c dYdbsq sbWqf rsk ifsv.« (hc}750bQ, zflf}, bf}, ƒmf})
bhD  zfsvf hstb, ªbfmfspv msLA zfjfswv (…isvv) dlsj lxdóifk jvf rsk
stfsjvf zdk zhwAƒ dhvk srfj, bsy{ Wslv lxdó zfv dIsv bf-W zfnsk ifsv.
(Wvf zá rsq spsk ifsv!)« (mc}428bQ)
13. zfv ˆdlj-sndljW kfjfshb bf. syfvf W sevf busv sjfb djYc slJshb bf.
jfvB, ˆƒ lxdó
zfjNGB W ycdv jvf wqkfsbv jfu. (hc} 751bQ, zflf})
hf¦lf pdl kfv bfmfsp ˆdlj-Wdlj lxdó
bf dIvfq, kfrst zfïfr kfv bfmfspv iadk
dhswN zfoarD rb. (dk}, rf}, nkf} 550 bQ) hf¦lfv ˆdlj-Wdlj syrfvf dIdvsq dlst
zfïfrW zfv sn bfmfspv iadk ë™s[i jsvb bf. (zflf}, ƒJc}, ƒdr}, nkf} 552 bQ) nckvfQ
nfhLfb! zfibfv bfmfp sKsj mrfb zfïfr spb mcJ dIdvsq bf sbb ˆhQ lcwmb
wqkfbW spb zfibfv bfmfp dY§Àfƒ jsv bf sbq.
14. zfidb bfmfsp l]fVfhfv zfso zfibfv n©mcJ rsk snƒ nm²À dudbnsj lCsv ndvsq
slb, pf zfibfv buv sjsV sbsh, msbfspfo dYdbsq sbsh, sJqft zfjNGB jvsh W
ˆjfoakf bó
jvsh hst zfwËf jsvb. ˆƒ ubAƒ diaq bhD  hstb, ªoxsr (mndusl)
ˆmb sjfb dudbn Kfjf …dyk bq, pf bfmfpDsj mwÈt (zbAmbõ)
jsv sIst.«
(zflf}, zf} 4/68, 5/380) ˆjlf dkdb bÆflfv jfisV bfmfp isV htstb,
ªzfdm
ˆv
bÆfv dlsj
ˆjhfv kfjfst zfmfsj kf zfmfv bfmfp sKsj zmsbfspfoD jsv sItfv

…iÛÁm jsvdYt.« (hc}, mc}, mf}, ƒo} 376 bQ) mf zfsqwf
/@"+
5‫
א‬/{ˆv
ˆjde YdhpcÙÁ

jfiV efÌfsbf Kfjst sndlsj mcJ jsv bfmfp iVfv iv dkdb htstb,
ªˆefsj zfmfv
dbje sKsj lCsv ndvsq lfW. jfvB,
ˆv YdhÈstf zfmfv bfmfsp hfLf nxdó
jvdYt.«
(hc}, mc}, zfzf}, zf} 6/172)
15. bfmfspv iCshG zfidb ianafh-ifqJfbfv jfu snsv dbb ˆhQ ianafh hf ifqJfbfv yfi
dbsq bfmfsp l]fVfb bf. jfvB, ˆsk bfmfsp mb hsn bf. rqskf hf kfVfùsVf jsv bfmfp
swN jvsk rq zKhf bfmfsp zbAmbõkf zfsn. zbcv™i sise dJsl svsJ nfmsb Jfhfv
…id²¿k Kfjst zKhf Jfhfsvv dlsj mb isV KfjstW bfmfsp l]fVfsbf
…dyk bq.
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166

jfvB
ˆsk bfmfp rq bf. (hc}, mc}, ƒzfwf}, ƒo} 8bQ)

16. ˆmb sjfb HfvD dudbn nsÌ
dbsq bfmfsp l]fVfshb bf, pfsk bfmfspv hlst
‰

Hfsvv iadkƒ zfibfv mb stso bf Kfsj.
17. ˆmb sjfb ²¿fsb hf sthfsn bfmfp iVsk wcv¢ jvshb bf, pfv lcoGá
zfibfsj
zdkô jsv skfst.
18. ˆmb efƒeX-dIeX sthfn isv bfmfp iVshb bf, pfsk hnf-WEf jójv rq.
19. shilGf mdrtfvf pJb ofsq-mfKfq jfiV hf yflv dbsq bfmfp isV, kJb
öfHfdhjHfsh kfslvsj ovm tfso. ˆsk bfmfsp mb hsn bf ˆhQ pk kfVfkfdV swN
jsv yflv Jctsk ifq snƒ syóf jsv. nckvfQ bfmfpD rWqfv nfsK nfsK zfidb
ilGfbwDb mdrtf rsk syóf jv¢b. spmb Wpc jvfv iv `smj-zfi' jvst pfsk
bfmfspv zfso Wpc sHsÌ
dosq icbvfq Wpcsk kf bó
rsq bf pfq, kfv ubA kfVfkfdV
bfmfp swN jvf
ˆhQ mfKfv yct sh]sL hf ycst Ict
È]su bfmfp iVsk iVsk ycstv W
Icstv ifdvifeA bó
rWqfv zfwËfq hfvhfv WVbfv iadk sJqft jvfW bfmfsp
zmsbfspfdokfv ltDt.
20. ivsb ˆmb WVbf, jfiV, wft, yflv, hf wfdV rsk rsh, spb bfmfspv zh²¿fq kf
hfvhfv isV bf pfq. bsy{, snfuf jvsk jvskƒ bfmfp swN rsh zKy bfmfsp mb
Kfjfv idvhskG mb Kfjsh jfiV iVfv dlsj. i[f§Àsv pdl mdrtfslv mfKf, hcj, sie
zKhf rfk hf ifsqv vtf sKsj jfiV nsv pfq, kfrst skf mCst bfmfpƒ bó
rsq pfsh.
nckvfQ dhswN jsv mdrtfslv ubA
ˆ
dhNsq nkjGkf uv¢vD.
21. sjfb tesj vfJf jfu há
jsv - spmb ycstfv
…iv r]fdV svsJ bfmfp iVshb bf.
jfvB,
ˆ
zh²¿fq bfmfsp mb bf sKsj mb isV Kfjsh
‰
ycstfv r]fdVv
…isvƒ. ifsY
…s¬e bf pfq hf icsV bf pfq, ƒkAfdl.
22. n©Hh rst ˆmb ²¿fsb bfmfp iVcb, spJfsb Jch ovm zfibfsj zdkô jvsh bf
ˆhQ Jch wDkW zfibfsj jfkv jsv sItsh bf. zbcv™i sp ²¿fsb Sr-ùsïfV, sy]yfsmdy
hf softmft-oàsofstv Ist zfibfv bfmfsp ˆjfoakfv hAfOfk Ose, sn ²¿fsb bfmfp
iVshb bf. (jfƒIf kfJwf„bf dIn n¶ftfr 19-24 û})
23. zfibfv nfmsb sjfb Ocm§À hAdÙÁ
Kfjst
ˆhQ kfv jfiV nsv pfWqf hf Ocsmv
sOfsv zfibfv bfmfspv
²¿fb lJt jvfv zfwËf rst sn ufqofq bfmfp iVsk l]fVfshb
bf. zbcv™i sp hAdÙÁ
jKf htsY, kfsj nfmsb jsvW bfmfp iVshb bf.
ˆ
hAfifsv
dbsNLfÎfW
ˆsnsY. (zflf} 694 bQ)
24. bfmfspv nmq Ocm ˆst pKfn©Hh kf lCv jsv bfmfp iVcb. bsy{, mb sp
zfibfsj I]fdj slsh, kf htfƒ hfùtA. mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA sj… bfmfp
iVf zh²¿fq Ocsm Tctsk Kfjst sn spb
ˆjec wcsq Ocm kfdVsq sbq. bsy{, Tctsk
Tctsk bfmfp iVsk Kfjst sn rqskf zfïfrv jfsY [mf yfƒsk dosq dbsusj ofdt
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167

dlsq hnsh.« (hc} 212 bQ, mc}, zflf}, dk}, ƒmf}, mf}, lf}, zf} 6/56)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsj… bfmfsp Tctsk tfost sn spb Ocdmsq sbq. pfsk sn dj
iVsY, kf hcUsk ifsv.« (hc} 213 bQ)
zhwA ˆmb Ocm ShL bq, pfsk bfmfspv nmqƒ ifv rsq pfq.
25. zfidb bfmfp iVsYb kfv ubA dbsu dbsu odhGk bf rsq zfïfrv dbje jxkÎ

rb. spsrkc k]fv kWIDj lfsbv Istƒ zfidb ˆk hV ƒhflk iftsb n[m rsqsYb.
„mfb, ƒhflk iaHdx k ˆj ˆjde zmCtA Lb W ˆj ˆjde dhswN zbcoar. zfv hf¦lfv
pfhkDq Lb W zbcoar skf zfïfrvƒ lfb. (jc} 16/53)
26. zfidb zfïfrv hs¦loD W lfnk¶ jsvsYb. ˆƒ lfnk¶ zfibfv dEjmk rs¤Y dj bf,
kf zfidb ufsbb bf. nckvfQ zfidb dbsuv Û¢de W zhsrtf
öDjfv jsv mbsj ƒhflk
jhct bf rWqfv zfwËf W HDdk
äfvf idviCBG vfJcb. mrfb zfïfr hstb, ªzfv pfvf
kfslv iadkiftsjv dlsj dIsv pfsh ˆƒ dhw¶fsn kfslv pf lfb jvfv kf Hq-Hq msb
lfb jsv. kfvfƒ û¢k jtAfBjv jfu n©iflb jsv ˆhQ kfvf Wsk zoaofmD rq.«
(jc} 23/60-61)
mf zfsqwf
/@"+
5‫
א‬/{duÎfnfv Yst zfïfrv vnCt  sj htstb, `Wvf dj kfvf,
pfvf ml Jfq, ycdv jsv (hf hAdHyfv jsv ˆhQ ˆv jfvsBƒ zfïfrsj Hq jsv)?' dkdb
htstb, ªbf, sr dnÜDj-kbqf! hvQ (zfïfr kfslv jKf hstsYb) pfvf svfpf jsv,
bfmfp isV, lfb-Jqvfk jsv, zKy kfvf ˆƒ Hq jsv sp, rqskf ˆnh kfslv jhct
rsh bf.« (zf}, dk} 3175, ƒmf} 4198 bQ)
zfidb pkƒ ƒhflk jv¢b bf sjb, kf iasqfusbv kctbfq sbrfkƒ jm. ufâfskv
mCtA skf zhwAƒ bq. ˆ ubAƒ diaq bhD  hstb, ªsj…ƒ kfv zfmstv sufsv ufâfk
spsk ifvsh bf.« htf rt, `zfidbW dj bb, sr zfïfrv vnCt?' htstb, ªzfdmW
bƒ. ksh pdl zfïfr k]fv vrmk äfvf zfmfsj zf¤Yâ jsvb kfrst!« (hc} 5673,
6463, mc} 2816 bQ, iamcJ, û} n¶ftfkct mcdrêDb, ƒhbct jfƒdqm)
ƒhbct ufWpD hstb, `sr snƒ bfmfpD! sp kfv slr dbsq bfmfsp làfqmfb zKy kfv
r™lq zbcid²¿k! specjc hs¦loD kcdm jsvY kf skf shsrsñv smfrv rWqfv ubAW psKó

bq, shsrsñv mCtA rWqf skf lCsvv jKf.
ˆjlf
ˆjde
ƒ]lcv ˆj …e slsJ kfsj iY¦l
jvt. (háck¶ oVfv zfwfq) sn kfv tfofm Lsv efb dlst …ede kfv zbcnvB jvt.
zk}iv pJb …Hsq ƒ]lsc vv Osvv lvufq nfmsb …id²¿k rt, kJb Kmsj l]fdVsq
…e
spb kfv Hfh-dusH htsk tfot, siam jvsk rst kcdm siadmsjv ubA
ˆmb Ov ia²Âk
jv, pf skfmfv siadmsjv ubA
…ipcÙÁ
zKhf
ˆmb siadmj dbhGfyb jv, sp skfmfv Osvv

…ipcÙÁ.
ˆƒ …lfrvB sKsj kcdm dw[f bfW, zfv ˆmb bfmfp iV pf skfmfv snƒ (dhwft
ivfÛÁmwftD) mf'hCslv ubA …ipcÙÁ.
bsy{ ˆmb mf'hCl slJ, sp skfmfv bfmfspv
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168

…ipcÙÁ.'
(zft-mcldrw 472-473ix})
ˆƒ njt …islw pdl smsb ystb, kfrst ƒbwfzfïfr zfibfv bfmfsp v™r zfnsh
ˆhQ kf jfsqm W iadkôf rsh. zfv ˆƒ bfmfpƒ rsh zfibfsj m¦l jfu rsk
dhvkjfvD.
ˆhfv ntsI nfstrDsbv dbje sKsj ˆjfoakfv djYc …sïJspfoA lxóf§À dbb.
ƒbwfzfïfr zfidb kfsk zfsvf …{nfr W …ÜDibf ifshb.

bbffmmffsspp nnt
tIIssllvv ˆˆj
jffook
ak
a ffvv ddj
jYYc c bbmmcb
cbff
`pfkcv dvjf' zdHpfsb mcndtmslv ˆj hAdÙÁ
ˆj mcwdvj mdrtfsj rkAf jsv
sItst kfv
öfmD iadkÎf jvt sp, mcrf©mfslv nÌDslv msLA jfsvf vÙÁ
bf hrfsbf ipG§À
sn [f§À rsh bf. ˆƒ nQj¬i dbsq sn mrfbhD  W k]fv nfrfhfslv sJ]fsu shv rsq
iVt. ˆdlsj mrfbhD  ˆj mdÓst dhwafm dbsk zhkvB jvst nfrfhfosBv
…sÜswA
htstb,
ªsj zfmfslv (dbvfiÙfv) ubA ifrfvf slsh?«
ˆƒ zfrhfsb nfVf dlsq
mcrfduvslv msLA ˆj hAdÙÁ
ˆhQ zfbnfvslv mLA rsk zfv
ˆj hAdÙÁ
ifrfvf dlsk
ia²Âk rstb. k]fslvsj mrfbhD  htstb,
ªskfmvf
ˆƒ …ikAjfv mcsJ zh²¿fb
jv.«
zk}iv k]fvf lc'ub pJb …ikAjfv mcsJ si]ZYstb, kJb mcrfsuvD (dhwafsmv ubA)
wqb jvstb ˆhQ zfbnfvD …sE bfmfp iVsk wcv¢ jvstb. ˆmkfh²¿fq
…ÙÁ
mcwdvj
stfjde jfYfjfdY ˆsn pJb k]fv (bfmfpDv) zfhYf slr slJsk sit, kJb sn hcUt,
dbÇyq W mcrf©mfslv Èåyv. nckvfQ k]fv iadk kDv dbs[i jvst kf ndEj dbwfbfq
si]ZsY zfbnfvDsj zfOfk jvt. dkdb kDv slr sKsj shv jsv dlsq bfmfspƒ mwÈt
Kfjstb.
ˆƒHfsh iviv dkb Jfbf kDv sJsq W kf shv jsv sIst v¢jc-dnulfr jsv
n©iâ jvstb. zk}iv kfv mcrfsuvD nÌD suso
…Estb. mcwdvjde kfv jKf W]vf
ufbsk sisvsYb sHsh ifdtsq sot.
ˆviv mcrfsuvD pJb zfbnfvDv vÙÁfÙÁ
slsrv
iadk t[A jvstb, kJb hst
…Estb, `nchrfbfïfr! iaKm hfsvƒ pJb kDv mfvt,
kJbƒ sjb zfmfsj ufdosq lfW db?' zfbnfvD …Ùsv htstb, `zfdm
ˆmb
ˆjde nCvf
ifE jvdYtfm, pf swN bf jsv zfdm YfVsk iY¦l jvtfm bf!' (zflf} 198 bQ, zf},
lfvf}, ƒJc}, ƒdr}, rf})
zftD dhb ùnfƒb (v}) pJb bfmfspv ubA Wpc n©iâ jvskb, kJb k]fv slsr
j©ib wcv¢ rk! ˆ hAfifsv k]fsj iaw´ jvf rst dkdb htstb, `dLjX skfmfslv iadk!
skfmvf ufb dj, jfv nfmsb l]fVfsk pfd¤Y? jfv nfsK mcbfufk (dbuGsb zftfi) jvsk
ystdY?' (drtqAfkct zfWdtqf 3/133)
mcrf©mfl dhb mcbjfdlsvv hAfifsv jdKk zfsY sp, dkdb ˆj vfsÛ
bfmfp iVsk
l]fdVsq j]flsk wcv¢ jvstb ˆhQ ˆk shwD j]flsk tfostb sp, k]fv Osvv stfj Hq
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169

sisq sot. kfvf k]fsj ˆk jfâfv jfvB duÎfnf jvt. dj§Â
sjfb
…Ùv sit bf.
zhswsN k]fsj yci bf rsk slsJ kfvf zfhC rfspsmv dbje hAfifv Jcst htst dkdb k]fv
dbje
ˆstb. slJstb, kJbW dkdb j]flsYb. zfhC rfspm htstb, `dj rt Hfƒ?
j]flY sjb? skfmfv hfdVv stfsjvf sp Hq sJsq sosY! sjfb zncJ skf jsv db? zKhf
dj rsqsY skfmfv?'
mcrf©mfl htstb, `(bfmfsp jcvzfb mfuDslv) ˆjde zfqfk ifE jsv zfdm jfâf
v¢Jsk ifvdY bf.' zfhC rfspm htstb, `sjfbX zfqfk?' htstb,
E‫  ن‬# .
  :
 
‫   א‬T

S
4
5‫
א‬34
S@ 
‫)א‬$ ‫ و‬F
zKGf{, (sndlb) zfïfrv kvI sKsj Wslv …iv ˆmb wfd²À ˆsn iVsh, pf Wvf
(iCshG) j¬ibfW jsv db. (jc} 39/47)
ˆ jKf ðsb zfhC rfspmW k]fv nfsK j]flsk
ðv¢ jsv dlstb ˆhQ jfâfv Lfvf zfsvf
shsV sot! kf slsJ mcrf©mfslv hfdVv ˆjde stfj zfhC rfspmsj htt, `Wv dbuGbkf
jfefhfv ubAƒ zfibfsj sFsj zfbtfm. (dj§Â
zfidbW sp Wv nfsK j]flsk
tfostb?) zk}iv k]fvf kfslvsj jfâfv jfvB hBGbf jvstb. (drtqAfkct zfWdtqf 3/146)
zhwA mcbfufskv ˆ dmEf öfl kJbƒ zbcHCk rsh, pJb bfmfpD hcUsh sp, sn kfv
bfmfsp jfsj W dj htsY. bsy{ ovm ifdbsk Ov sifVf n©Hh bq. spmb mcsJ dydb
dydb htst dydbv dmó
öfl zbcHh rsh bf.
mfƒmCb dhb dmrvfb hstb, mcrfsuvslv ˆj hAdÙÁ
ˆj hAdÙÁsj Jch rfîf bfmfp
iVsk slsJ kfsj H{Gnbf jvstb. dj§Â
stfjde zucrfk sldJsq htt, `zfmfv
ˆjde
lfmD dudbn bó
rWqfv jKf msb iVst bfmfp kfVfkfdV isV dbtfm.' mcrfsuvD
htstb, `dj§Â
kfv sysq zdLj mCtAhfb
dudbn kcdm bó
jsv dlst!'
(‰
4/84)

bbffmmffssppvv mmssLLAA ppff j

jvvff SShhLL
bfmfp iVsk iVsk ˆmb djYc jfu zfsY pf jvf ShL, zKy nfLfvBk} kf zShL
msb rq hf hV Hct Hfhf rq. ˆ vjm djYc jfu dbm´v™i }-
1. jflf;
]flf;
flf
bfmfp iVsk iVsk syfJ dlsq zwa¢ Uvf zKhf FcjXsv hf Èmsv sj]sl WEf lCNBDq
bq. zfïfrv Hsq ˆmb jfâf j]flf k]fv sbj W dhbma hf¦lfv ShdwóA. mrfb zfïfr
hstb, ª--- kfslv dbje jv¢Bfmq (zfïfrv) zfqfk ifE jvf rst kfvf tcdesq isV
dnulf W ÛÁ¦lb jvk.« (jc} 19/58)
zfècïfr dhb dwJXJDv hstb, `ˆjlf zfdm bhD  ˆv dbjse ˆtfm. kJb dkdb
bfmfp iVdYstb. zfv k]fv dHkv sKsj ycstfv …iv r]fdVsk ifdb sIfefv mk jfâfv
wè shv rd¤Yt.'
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170

zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, `p]fkfv wsèv mk jfâfv wè shv rd¤Yt.' (zf}, zflf}, bf}, dm} 1000 bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv zncJ pJb Jch shsV dosqdYt, kJb k]fsj bfmfspv nmq rsqsY
htst dkdb htstb, ªskfmvf zfhC hfjfvsj bfmfp iVfsk ht.« zfsqwf
5‫
א‬/{

/@"+htstb, `zfhC hfjfv skf bvm-slstv mfbcN.
…db pJb jcvzfb isVb, kJb jfâf
v¢Jsk ifsvb bf.' mrfbhD  htstb, ªskfmvf Wsj ht, Wƒ bfmfp iVfsh.«
zfsqwf
/@"+
5‫
א‬/{icbvfq
‰
ˆjƒ jKf htst mrfbhD  W icb} htstb, ªWsj
ht, Wƒ bfmfp iVfsh ---.« (hc}, dm} 1140 bQ)
ˆ jfâf lDOG rstW kfsk bfmfp bó
rq bf. (Iƒ} 1/261)
2. r]fdy W kfv ubA lczf;
bfmfspv msLA r]fdy ˆst r]fdyv iv dbdlGó
lczf ifE ShL. zfv snƒ lczfv hV
IpDtkW vsqsY. jWmfv 5bQ lczf slJcb.
3. rfƒ skftf;
skftf;
bfmfsp pdlW rfƒ skftf ShL, khcW spsrkc rfƒ zftnAudbk hf dbûfudbk jfvsB
mcJ hAflfsbfv bfm, kfƒ kf pKfn©Hh lmb jvf jkGhA. jfvB, bfmfsp bfmfpD zftnA
ialwGb jvst wqkfb sJfw rq.
diaq bhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA jfsvf pJb bfmfsp rfƒ zfsn, kJb kfv …dyk,
kf pKfnfLA lmb jvf ˆhQ `rf-rf' bf htf. sjb bf, rfƒ wqkfsbv kvI sKsj zfsn.
zfv sn kf slsJ rfsn.« (hc}, dm} 986 bQ)
ªskfmfslv sj… rfƒ kctst sn spb kfv mcsJ rfk svsJ sbq. jfvB, wqkfb rfƒ-
ˆv nfsK (mcsJ) iashw jsv pfq!« (zf}, hc}, mc}, zflf}, nuf} 426 bQ)

4. KcKc sItf;
sItf;
mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA sj… bfmfsp l]fVfst sn spb kfv n©mcJ dlsj KcKc
bf sIst. jfvB, sn pk[B bfmfspv ufqofq Kfsj kk[B zfïfrv nfsK mcbfufk
(dbvftfq zftfi) jsv. zfv kfv Ffb dlsjW spb KcKc bf sIst. jfvB, kfv Ffsb
Kfsj (hfmdlsjv sysq zsi[fjxk n©mfdbk sbjD-stJj) dIdvñf. hvQ sn spb
(mnduslv smsU j]fyf mfdev rst zKhf mfsE-mqlfsb bfmfp iVst) kfv hfm dlsj
zKhf (sndlsj sj… Kfjst) kfv (hfm) ifsqv dbsy sIst. pf isv sn lfIb jsv
slsh.« (hc}, mc}, 710, 711bQ)
ˆjlf dkdb mnduslv djhtfv dlsj slWqfst jI stso Kfjsk slsJ mmGfrk rstb
ˆhQ kf k]fv syrfvfskW Icse …Et. dkdb …Estb ˆhQ dbu rfk äfvf kf idv°jfv
jvstb. zk}iv htstb, ªskfmfslv msLA sj… pJb bfmfsp l]fVfq, kJb sn kfv
iadkiftsjv nfsK dbvftfq zftfi jsv. kfv iadkiftj Kfsjb kfv W kfv djhtfv
mfsU. nckvfQ skfmfslv sj… spb kfv nfmsbv dlsj zhwAƒ KcKc bf sIst. hvQ sn
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171

spb kfv hfm dlsj zKhf ifsqv dbsy KcKc sIst.« zk}iv dkdb k]fv yflsvv ˆj iaf§À
Lsv kfv …iv KcKc sItstb ˆhQ ifwfifdw jfiV Lsv jyst dlstb, zfv htstb,
ªzKhf sn spb ˆƒv™i jsv.« (hc}, dm} 746bQ)
bfj UfVstW zbcv™i jvf …dyk. zhwA ixKj v¢mft hf denc-siifv hAhrfv …Ùm.
5. zdbójv uDh- uDh-u§Â
mfvf}-
mfvf}-
bfmfp iVsk iVsk nfi, dhYf, shftkf iaHdx k dhNLv W zdbójv u§Â
mfvf ShL.
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªbfmfsp lcƒ jfstf u§Â;
nfi W dhYf smsv sIstf.«
(zf} 2/233,
zflf} 921, dk} 390, bf}, ƒmf} 1245, k¶fqfdtnD 2538, zfvf} 1754, lf}, ƒJc} 896, ƒdr} 2351, rf} 1/256, hf} 2/266, iamcJ)
zbcv™i …jcb hf …jcb-ufkDq sifjfW bfmfsp mfvf ShL. (mcm} 3/350)
6. yctjfsbf}
jfsbf}-
slsr zöd²Àjv yctjfdb wcv¢ rst bfmfp iVf zh²¿fskW yctjfsbf ShL. jfvB,
yctjfdbsk bfmfpDv
ˆjfoakf bó
rq. zfv yctsj dlst zöd²ÀshfL lCv rsq pfq. nckvfQ
ˆJfsb SLpG Lvf …Ùm bq. (mcm} 3/350-351)
7. iasqfubshfsL ytf} ytf}-
wÛ¢v Hq rst (durfslv mqlfsb) ytf zh²¿fq bfmfp ShL. mrfb zfïfr hstb,
ªskfmvf bfmfpnmCsrv iadk -dhswN jsv mLAhkGD (zfnsvv) bfmfspv iadk- pk´hfb rW
ˆhQ zfïfrv n©mcsJ dhbDkHfsh l]fVfW. dj§Â
pdl (wÛ¢v) Hq jv, kfrst ytf zKhf
nWqfv zh²¿fq (bfmfp iV).« (jc} 2/238-239)
ˆjlf mrfbhD  öoxsr lvufv dJt há
jsv bIt bfmfp iVdYstb. mf zfsqwf


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5‫
א‬/{ ˆsn lvuf Jctsk htst dkdb yst dosq k]fv ubA lvuf Jcst dlstb.
zk}iv icbvfq dbsuv mcnfïfq dIsv sostb. zhwA lvuf dYt djhtfv dlsjƒ. (zf}
6/234, zflf} 922, dk} 601, bf}, ƒdr}, zfhC qAf'tf 4406, lfvf}, hf} 2/265, dm} 1005 bQ)
ˆjlf dkdb nCpGoarsBv bfmfsp shsrñX slsJ zoanv
ˆhQ slfpJ slsJ iÇyflXil
rsqdYstb. (hc} 1052, mc} 525 bQ)
nfrfhfoBsj dw[flfsbv …sÜswA dkdb dmìsv ysV bfmfp isVsYb. dmìsvv
…iv
v¢jC jsv diY-ifsq sbsm dbsy dnulfr jsvsYb. (hc} 917, mc} 544 bQ) ˆjlf zfhC hfjfv 
ˆv ƒmfmdk jfst mrfbhD  ˆsn …id²¿k rst dkdb (zfhC hfjfv) diY-ifsq nsv

ˆsndYstb. (hc} 680, 1205 bQ) zfhC hfvpfr zfntfmD
Ivp bfmfp iVsk iVsk k]fv
sOfVf iftfsk wcv¢ jvst dkdb kfv diYsb diYsb dosqdYstb. (hc} 1211 bQ, zf}, hf})
8. sYst skftf}
skftf}-
bhD mchfwXdwv  ƒmfmdk jvskb, zfv zfhct zfsnv dwwcjbAf k]fv j]fsL Kfjk.
zk}iv pJb dkdb v¢jC jvskb, kJb kfsj dbsy bfdmsq dlskb. icbvfq pJb
dnulfr sKsj …Eskb, kJb zfhfv j]fsL kcst dbskb. (hc}, mc} dm} 984 bQ) ˆ hAfifsv
`lDOG dnulfr' dwsvfbfsm wfÜfl


ˆv rflDn
…sïJ jvf rsqsY.
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172

9. dwwcslv UoVf Kfmfsbf}Kfmfsbf}-

ˆjlf hfbD mcÙfdtshv lc'de sYfÕ
smsq mfvfmfdv jvsk jvsk mrfbhD

ˆv nfmsb

ˆsn k]fv r]fec Lsv sItt. dkdb bfmfp iVdYstb. snƒ zh²¿fq dkdb
…Hqsj lc'dlsj
ndvsq dlstb. (zflf} 716, 717, nbf} 727 bQ)
10.
10. sJ]
sJfyf
]fyf dlsq nsv spsk ƒdÌk ƒdÌk jvf}-
jvf}-
mf zfsqwf
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5‫
א‬/{ mrfbhD

ˆv bfmfp iVf jfst k]fv nfmsb djhtfv dlsj
if smst wcsq Kfjskb. dkdb (zájfsv) pJb dnulfr jvskb, kJb rfskv sJ]fyf
dlsq k]fsj
(²ÃDsj) if ndvsq dbsk
ƒdÌk jvskb. (hc} 382, 1209 bQ)
11.
11. ƒwfvfq nftfsmv uWqfh slWqf} slWqf}-
bfmfpD bfmfsp vk KfjstW kfsj nftfm slWqf dhsLq ˆhQ bfmfpDv bfmfp iVf
zh²¿fskƒ nftfsmv uWqfh slWqf jkGhA. ksh mcsJ bq, rfk hf zfÌcstv
ƒwfvfq.
(mc} 538, zflf, dm} 989 bQ)
ƒhsb …mfv
hstb, zfdm dhtft
sj duÎfnf jvtfm, bhD

ˆv bfmfsp vk
Kfjf zh²¿fq W]vf (nfrfhDoB) pJb nftfm dlskb, kJb dkdb djHfsh
…Ùv dlskb?
dhtft
htstb, `rfk
äfvf
ƒwfvf jsv.' (dk}, bf}, wfsIqD, dm} 991bQ)
ˆjlf dkdb …sev …iv bfmfp iVdYstb. ufshv
k]fsj nftfm dlst dkdb rfskv
ƒwfvfq …Ùv dlsqdYstb. (mc} 540bQ, zf})
ˆjlf ncrfƒh
k]fsj bfmfp iVf zh²¿fq nftfm dlst dkdb zfÌcstv
ƒwfvfq
uWqfh dlsqdYstb. (dk} 367bQ, zf})
ˆjlf zfhC ùvfƒvf
k]fsj bfmfp iVf zh²¿fq nftfm dlst dkdb
ƒwfvfq …Ùv
dlsqdYstb. (k¶fhf}, dnn} 6/998)
ˆjlf ƒhsb …mfv
ˆj hAdÙÁv dbje sostb, kJb sn bfmfp iVdYt. dkdb kfsj
nftfm dlst sn mcsJ
…Ùv dlt. isv
ƒhsb …mfv  kfsj htstb, `bfmfp iVf
zh²¿fq skfmfslv msLA jf…sj nftfm slWqf rst sn spb mcsJ …Ùv bf slq. hvQ sn
spb rfk
äfvf
ƒwfvf jsv …Ùv slq.' (mf}, dm} 1013 bQ)
nftfsmv uWqfh YfVf bfmfsp iasqfusb zbA uv¢vD jKfW ƒdÌk W
ƒwfvfv mfLAsm
hcUfsbf pfq. ˆjlf mrfbhD  bfmfp iVdYstb. dkdb dnulfr jvst rfnfb
W
ùnfƒb
k]fv disE ysV hnst nfrfhDoB hfvB jvstb. dj§Â
dkdb
ƒwfvf jsv
htstb, ªWslvsj dbsuv zh²¿fq sYsV lfW.«
zk}iv bfmfp swN jvst dkdb
…Hqsj sjfst svsJ htstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
zfmfsj Hfstfhfsn, sn spb
ˆƒ lc'ubsjW
Hfstfhfsn.« (ƒJc} 778 bQ, hf} 2/263)
12.
12. bfmfsp jf…sj sjfb uv¢vD hAfifsv nkjGDjvB} jvB }-
bfmfpD bfmfsp vk zfsY ˆ jKf ufbfsk zKhf ƒmfm bfmfsp djYc Hct jvst kfv
…iv k]fsj nkjG jvsk icv¢Nslv ubA `nchrf-bfïfr' htf ˆhQ mdrtfslv ubA
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173

rfkkfdt slWqf dhsLq.

diaq vnCt  hstb, ªskfmfslv bfmfspv msLA (zöfHfdhj) djYc Ose sost icv¢sNvf
spb `knhDr' isV ˆhQ mdrtfvf spb rfkkfdt slq.« (hc} 684, mc}, zf}, zflf}, bf}, dm} 988 bQ)
bfvD ˆmb ˆj nxdó,
pfv v™i, snZvH W wsè icv¢sNv mb iajdx kokHfsh ydjk rsq
WsE. Ist, pfsk bfmfspv nmq kfslv smfrbDq jØösv icv¢Nvf nQjse bf isV kfv
ubA wvDqskv ˆƒ dhLfb. i[f§Àsv wqkfb mfbcsNv dwvfq dwvfq dIsv shVfq. (hc} 3281,
mc} 2175 bQ) ˆhQ icv¢Nslv ubA bfvD rt nhsysq hV dIkbfv dudbn. (hc} 5096, mc} 2740 bQ)
ˆJfb sKsj hcUf pfq sp, mdrtfslv ixKj ufmfzfk rst ˆhQ snJfsb sjfb shofbf
icv¢N bf Kfjst rfkkfdt bf dlsq knhDr isV mdrtfvf (mdrtf) ƒmfmsj nkjG jvsk
ifsv. jfvB, knhDr rt bfmfspv ˆj zQw. (mcm} 3/362-363)
mcÙÁflDslv msLAW sj… djYc Hct jvst, (spmb dnulfq hf ShEsj Ocdmsq iVst)
kfsjW nkjG jvfv ubA knhDr hAhrfv ytsh. (‰ 3/367-368)

13.
13. ƒmfsmv dj¶vfzfk nQswfLb}
nQswfLb}-
bfmfsp jcvzfb ifE jvsk jvsk pdl ƒmfm nfsrh sjfb zfqfk Hcst pfb, sKsm pfb
zKhf Hct isVb, kfrst `tcjmfr' dlsq kf msb iVfsbf, Ldvsq slWqf hf nQswfLb
jvf dhsLq.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªzfdm skfmfslvƒ mk ˆjub mfbcN. zfdmW Hcst pfƒ, spmb
skfmvf Hcst pfW. nckvfQ zfdm Hcst sost skfmvf zfmfsj msb idVsq dlW.« (hc}
401, mc} 572bQ)
ˆjlf dkdb bfmfsp jcvzfb iVsk iVsk Hcst djYc zQw sYsV dlstb. ˆj hAdÙÁ

htt, sr zfïfrv vnCt! zmcj zmcj zfqfk zfidb sYsV dlsqsYb, (isVb db). dkdb
htstb, ªkcdm zfmfsj msb idVsq dlst bf sjb?« (zflf} 907 bQ, ƒmf})
ˆjlf bfmfsp dj¶vfzfk iVsk iVsk k]fv djYc softmft rt. nftfm sIvfv iv
…hfƒ
ˆv …sÜswA dkdb htstb,
ªkcdm zfmfslv nfsK bfmfp iVst?«
…hfƒ

htstb, `uD r]Af.' dkdb htstb, ªksh Hct Ldvsq dlst bf sjb?« (zflf} 907, ƒdr,
k¶fhf}, hf} 3/212)
…sïJA sp, nCvf Ifdkrf bfmfspv ˆjde v¢jXb zKhf Ivp. nckvfQ kf iVsk ƒmfm
sjfb iajfsvv Hct jvst (pfsk zKG hlst pfq kf) mcÙÁflDslv n¹vB jdvsq slWqf
Wqfsuh. (mcm} 3/346)
14.
14. iasqfusb jfiV hf ifoVDv …iv dnulfr jvf} jvf }-
zdk oaD°m hf wDskv nmq dnulfv ²¿fsb jift vfJf jójv rst yflv, zf²ÀDb hf
ifoVDv hfVdk zQw ‰ ²¿fsb svsJ dnulfr jvf ShL.
mrfbhD  ˆv pfmfbfq nfrfhfoB ˆv™i jvskb. (hc} 385, 542 bQ, zflf}, dk}, bf},
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174

ƒmf}, lf}, zf} 3/100)

ufshv
hstb, zfdm zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv nfsK spfrsvv bfmfp iVkfm. zfmfv
rfskv mcsEfq djYc j]fjv svsJ Efàf jsv dbkfm ˆhQ iaJv kfi sKsj h]fyfv ubA kf
jifstv ²¿fsb (dnulfv ufqofq) svsJ dbkfm. (zflf} 399, bf}, dm} 1011 bQ)
15.
15. uckf isv bfmfp} bfmfp}-
uckf ifj-nfI rstW zsbsj hcpcosG lv nfsK nf[fskv nmq kf ifsq vfsJ bf. pf
waÝfv zdkvÓb
ˆhQ dhlzfk. htfƒ hfùtA, ˆmb stfjslv dbje uckf ifsq bfmfp
iVf kfslv j¬ibfv hfƒsv.
dj§Â
rpvk zfbfn
hstb, bhD  uckf ifsq bfmfp iVskb. (hc} 386, mc})
zfècïfr dhb zfmXv hstb, zfdm bhD  sj Jfdt ifsq W uckf ifsq …Hq zh²¿fskƒ
bfmfp iVsk slsJdY. (zflf} 653 bQ, ƒmf})
vnCt  hstb, ªpJb skfmfslv msLA sj… bfmfp iVsh, kJb sn spb kfv uckf
isv sbq zKhf Jcst kfv lc' ifsqv mfsU vfsJ. zfv sn spb kfv uckf äfvf zivsj
jó
bf slq.« (zflf} 655 bQ, hfppfv, rf})
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªskfmvf ƒqfùlDslv dhv¢ÝfyvB jv
(ˆhQ uckf isv bfmfp iV).
jfvB, Wvf Wslv ucskf W yfmVfv smfufq bfmfp isV bf. (zflf} 652 bQ, hfppfv, rf})
uckf Jcst bfmfp iVst ˆhQ mndusl uckf vfJfv sjfb dbdlGó
ufqof bf Kfjst pdl
hfm ifsw sj… bf Kfsj kfrst hfm ifsw, bsy{ lcƒ ifsqv mfsU vfJsk rsh. Ffb dlsj
vfJf pfsh bf. (zflf} 654, ƒJc}, rf})
zhwA uckfq mqtf hf bfifjD stso Kfjst kf isv bfmfp rq bf. bfifjD hf mqtf
mfdesk hf Ofsn voXsV mcsY lCv jsv dbsq kfsk bfmfp iVf pfq. bfmfspv mfsU uckfq
mqtf stso zfsY slJst hf ufbsk ifvst kf nfsK nfsK Jcst sItf uv¢vD. (zflf} 650,
ƒJc}, rf}, ƒo} 284 bQ)
sJqft vfJfv dhNq sp, mndul ifjf W ofdtyf-dhYfsbf rst kfv dHksv uckf isv
dosq sbfQvf jvf ShL bq. mnduslv idhÛkf W idv¤Yâkfv sJqft zhwAƒ uv¢vD.
16.
16. msb zbA dy§Àf ˆsn iVf} iVf}-
zdb¤Yf nsÙ¶W bfmfsp zbA dy§Àf ˆsn iVst bfmfp hfdkt rsq pfq bf. zhwA zbA
dy§Àf ˆsb slWqfv jfu wqkfbƒ shwDv Hfo s[sÛ
jsv Kfsj. zfv
ˆ
jKf zfmvf
`bfmfp djHfsh jfsqm rsh' dwsvfbfsm isVdY
ˆhQ wqkfb W kfv jcm§ÃBf sKsj v[f
ifWqfv
…ifqW snJfsb susbdY.
rpvk …mfv
öDjfv jsvb sp, dkdb sjfb sjfb bfmfsp SnbAhfdrbD ia²Âk W siavB
jvfv jKf dy§Àf jvskb. (hc} dhbf nbsl 239ix})
ˆjlf zfnsvv bfmfsp mrfbhD  ˆv msb iVt sp, k]fv Osv djYc snfbf hf y]fdlv
ecjvf sKsj sosY. kfƒ nftfm dIsvƒ nk¶v dkdb sjfb ik´Dv oxsr iashw jsv vfdÛ

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175

zfnfv iCshGƒ lfb jvsk zfslw jsv ˆstb! (hc} 851, 1221 bQ)
nfrfhfosBv msLA ˆmb zsbj nfrfhf dYstb, p]fvf zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv nfsK bfmfp
iVskb. dj§Â
ok vfsÛ
ˆwfv bfmfsp dkdb  sjfbX nCvf isVsYb kf sJqft vfJsk
ifvskb bf. (hc} 1223 bQ)
zhwA iaskAsjv …dyk, pKfn©Hh zbA dy§Àf ˆhQ zbAmbõkf lCv jvf. bsy{ zbA
sJqft hf dy§Àf pk shwD rsh, bfmfspv nWqfh kk jm rsq pfsh.
17.
17. dnulfv ufqof nfI jvf} jvf}-
dnulfv ufqof idv°jfv jvfv …sÜswA bfmfspv mfsU (dnulfv nmq) I]cj slWqf
ShL. zfïfrv bhD  nCpG-oarsBv bfmfspv dnulfq I]cj dlsqsYb. (zflf} 1194, bf}, zf}
2/188, hc} dhbf nbsl 238ix})
i[f§Àsv I]jc slWqf dbdNÝ
rWqfv hAfifsv rflDn nrDr bq. (kfdm} 313ix}) zbcv™i
j]fjv nvfsbf dbdNÝ
rWqfv rflDnW pqDI.
(‰)
iv§Â
nrDr rflDsn
ˆjhfv mfÛ

nvfsbfv zbcmdk zfsY. (hc}, mc}, dm} 980 bQ) ksh bf nvfsbf 100de …{jxó
…ebD
zsi[f
…Ùm.
(ƒJc}, nkf} 555 bQ)
18.
18. bfmfpDv sthfsnv hBGbfq …sïJ jvf rsqsY sp, sp, ˆj jfisV
ˆhQ Jfdt mfKfq bfmfp iVf ShL.
19.
19. mcnrfI rfsk rfsk slsJ slsJ jcvzfb ifE}- ifE}-
kfvfhDr iaHdx k tìf bfmfsp (tìf dj¶vfzfskv) rfsIp ƒmfm bf Kfjst `jct-JfbD'
jsv EjfEjX jsqj vfjzfk isV sbWqfv sysq mcnrfI (jcvzfb mfuDl) slsJ slsJ
ifE jsv lDOG dj¶vfzfk jvf …Ùm. (zhwA jcvzfb Jksmv
…sÜswA bq.) zbcv™i
(ufmfzfsk zbA rfsIp mcÙÁflD bf Kfjst) rfsIp
ƒmfsmv Hct Ldvsq slWqfv …sÜswA
sjfb mcÙÁflDv jcvzfb slsJ pfWqf ShL.
ˆ
nh djYc iasqfusb ShL; Ist bfmfspv sjfb
[dk rq bf.
mf zfsqwf
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5‫
א‬/{ˆv zfpfljxk softfm pfjWqfb vmpfsb (kfvfhDrsk) slsJ
slsJ jcvzfb ifE jsv k]fv
ƒmfmdk jvskb. (mf}, ƒzfwf} 7215, 7216, 7217 bQ)
ƒmfm rfnfb, mcrf©ml, zfk¶f iamcJ ntIoB ˆv™i (iasqfusb) ShL msb jvskb.
(ƒzfwf} 7214, 7218, 7219, 7220, 7221 bQ)
hkGmfb dhw¶ kKf n†lD zfvshv …tfmf W mcIkD jdmdev dnÝf§À mskW iasqfusb
mcnrfI slsJ kfvfhDr iVfsbf ShL. (dInc} 1/234, mh} 19/154, 21/56) n†dlqfv iafq
zdLjfQw mndusl zfmtW kfƒ.
rpvk zfbfn
bfmfsp dj¶vfzfk iVskb zfv k]fv softfm k]fv iÇyfsk mcnrfI
Lsv l]fVfskb. dkdb djYc Hcst sost softfm Hct Ldvsq dlskb.
(ƒzfwf} 7222 bQ)
bfmfspv dHksv jcvzfb Jkm jvst Jksmv isv lczf jvfv sjfb ltDt sbƒ. kfƒ
jcvzfb Jksmv lczf bfmfspv dHksv bf jvfƒ …dyk. (mcm} 4/57-58) zhwA bfmfspv
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hfƒsv rpvk zfbfn

jcvzfb Jkm jvst k]fv idvhfv-idvubsj nmshk jsv
lczf jvskb. (ƒhbct mchfvfj, pcrXl 809 ix}, ƒzfwf} 1087 bQ, lf}, k¶fhf}, mfpf} 7/172)
ianÌk} …sïJA sp, jcvzfsbv Jksmv sjfb dbdlGó
lczfW sbƒ. (mh} 20/165, 186)
zkˆh jcvzfb mfuDslv swN ixôfv iv `lczf-ˆ Jkdmt jcvzfb' bfsm sp lczf iafq
mcnrfsI Yfif Kfsj kf mboVf.

bbffmmffsspp ppff j
jvvff mmj
jvv™r
™r z
zKKhhff ddbbddNNÝÝ
1. bfmfsp sp nm²À jfpGfhtD jvf ncâk (spmb vIXsq qAflfƒb,
ƒd²Àvfrfv ShEj, hcsj rfk h]fLf ƒkAfdl) kfv sjfb ˆjdeW kAfo
jvf mjv™r. (dInc} …lGc 125ix})
2. mcJ Ocdvsq hf zfV syfsJ ˆdlj-Wdlj kfdjsq slJf, OdV hf zbA
djYc slJf ShL bq.
iCshGƒ zfstfdyk rsqsY sp, syfvf lxdósk hf OfV Ocdvsq
ˆdlj-Wdlj lxdóifk jvfv
mfLAsm wqkfb bfmfpDv bfmfp ycdv jsv Kfsj. (hc}, mc}, dm} 982bQ) spmb zbA dlsj
lxdóifk jsv mcJ dIdvsq dbst zfïfrW mcJ dIdvsq sbb. (zf}, zflf}, bf}, lf}, dm} 995 bQ)
bIt bfmfspW ˆdlj-Wdlj slJf ShL bq. ShL rWqfv hAfifsv rflDnÈdt nrDr bq.
(kfdm} 308-309ix})
zhwA syfsJv sjfsB Ffƒsb-hfsmv dudbn slJf hf busv iVf bfmfspv ubA [dkjv
bq. jfvB, ƒhsb zfêfn
hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt  bfmfp iVf zh²¿fq Ffƒsb W
hfsm t[A jvskb. zfv disEv dlsj OfV Ocvfskb bf.' (dk}, bf}, dm} 998 bQ)
zbcv™i Hq W iasqfusbv nmq lxdó
dbs[i lCNBDq bq.
ˆjlf mrfbhD

ˆj

…ikAjfv dlsj ufnCn ifEfstb. zk}iv Iusvv bfmfp iVsk iVsk kfv zsi[fq
snƒ …ikAjfv dlsj kfdjsq slJdYstb. (zflf} 916 bQ, rf} 1/237)
zfïfrv vnCt  spfrv W zfnsvv bfmfsp jcvzfb iVskb kf nfrfhfoB k]fv lfdV
drtfv Ist hcUsk ifvskb. (hc} 746, zflf}, zf}) zbcv™i k]fvf k]fsj dnulfq mfKf
vfJsk bf slJfv iCshG sj… jWmf sKsj dnulfq spskb bf. (hc} 747 bQ)
zkˆh dwwcv mf bfmfp iVsk iVsk pdl kfv dwwcv odkdhdL t[A vfJsk zfV
bqsb kfjfq, kfrst bfmfspv sjfb [dk rq bf. (mcm} 3/312)
3. zfjfswv (hf …iv) …iv) dlsj kfjfsbf}
kfjfsbf}-
bhD mchfwXdwv  hstb, ªstfsjvf spb zhwA zhwAƒ bfmfspv msLA zfjfswv dlsj
kfjfsbf rsk dhvk rq, bsy{ kfslv y[c dYdbsq sbWqf rsh!« (hc} 750, mc}, dm} 983 bQ)
zkˆh bfmfp iVsk iVsk …iv hf zfjfw dlsj lxdóifk jvf rfvfm. (mcm} 3/315)
4. syfJ hcuf} f}-
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177

mrfbhD  pJb bfmfp iVskb, kJb dkdb k]fv syfJ lc'desj Jcst vfJskb. k]fv
lxdó
Kfjk dnulfv ufqofq. kfwfrXùsl hnfv nmq dkdb k]fv kuGbD zfÌcstv
…iv
buv vfJskb.
ˆ
YfVf dkdb syfJ Jcst vfJskb hstƒ mf zfsqwf
/@"+
5‫
א‬/{ˆv
slWqfst efÌfsbf YdhpcÙÁ
ilGf k]fv n©mcJ sKsj ndvsq dbsk hstdYstb. nckvfQ ncâk
rt, syfJ sJftf svsJ bfmfp iVf.
ksh rA]f, pdl iasqfub isV; spmb nfmsb jfv¢jfpG, bÆf, Ict hf
ˆmb sjfb dudbn
Kfsj, pf lxdó
zfjNGB jsv zKhf msbfspfo sjsV sbq zKhf dj¶vfzfk Hcdtsq slq ˆhQ
kf lCv jvf n©Hh bf rq, kfrst syfJ há
jsv bfmfp iVfq sjfb slfN sbƒ. hvQ ˆƒ
s[sÛ
syfJ há
jsvƒ bfmfp iVf …Ùm rWqf wvDqk
ˆhQ kfv
…sÜwA W bDdkv zdLj
dbjehkGD. (pfmf} 1/293-294, mcm} 3/48, 52, 316, Iƒ} 1/289-290, mck¶fnf 130-131ix})
5. ˆmb dudbn (spmb bÆflfv mcnfïf, snZ¦lpG W jfv¢jfpGmq slWqft hf dhdHâ
iafjxdkj lxwAiCBG jfiV ƒkAfdl) nfmsb svsJ bfmfp iVf, pfsk bfmfpDv msbfspfo W
ˆjfoakf bó
rq.
ˆ
hAfifsv `sp nh
²¿fsb bfmfp iVf mjv™r' dwsvfbfm slJcb.
6. sjfb iafBDv hf mfbcsNv Ydh, Ydh, mCdkG hf zfÈb nfmsb jsv bfmfp
iVf. jfvB,
ˆsk Kfsj dwsjGv oá
ˆhQ zmcndtmslv nlxwkf. (mfnfƒ} 250-251ix})
7. sjfb iafBD hf mfbcsNv Ydh dydÛk jfiV isv bfmfp iVf. iVf . (‰

251ix})
8. dbsuv hf zfv jfsvf Ydh isjse svsJW bfmfp mjv™r. mjv™r. zhwA
sjfKfW svsJ bfmfp iVst ycdv rsq hf rfdvsq pfWqfv Hsq dbv¢ifq zh²¿fq YdhpcÙÁ

efjf-iqnf, ifwsifeG, idvyq-iÛ
iaHdx k nsÌ
dbsq bfmfp iVfq slfN sbƒ. (mh}
12/98, 19/161)
9. lcƒ rfskv zfÌctnmCrsj iv±iv J]fufJ]fdu jvf}- jvf}-
diaq bhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA sj… pJb nc¦lvHfsh Wpc jsv mnduslv …sÜsw
shv rq, kJb sn spb zhwAƒ kfv (lcƒ rfskv) zfÌctnmCrsj J]fufJ]fdu bf jsv.
jfvB, sn bfmfp zh²¿fq Kfsj.« (zf} 4/242, 243, zflf} 562, dk} 386, zfvf} 3334, lf}, ƒJc} 441bQ,
k¶fhf}, hf} 3/230, rf} 1/206, ƒo} 2/102) zKGf{ bfmfp iVf zh²¿fq
‰v™i dbdNÝ.
bfmfspv ubA WpC jvfv iv sKsj bfmfp swN bf rWqf ipG§À ‰v™i jvf dbdNÝ.
ˆ

hAfifsv zfsvf rflDn slJcb. (nkf} 292, dnn} 1294, nuf} 445, 446 bQ)
10.
10. zfÌct Icefsbf} fsbf}-
bfmfspv msLA zfÌct Icefsbf mjv™r. jfvB, ˆde ˆjde hfsu W dbvKGj jmG ˆhQ
ziv bfmfpDslv msbfspfso hAfOfk Oefq. (mcm} 3/324)
11.
11. sjfmsv rfk vfJf} vfJf}-
zfïfrv bhD  bfmfp iVfv nmq sjfmsv rfk vfJsk dbsNL jsvsYb. (hc} 1219,
1220, mc} 545, dm} 981 bQ) ˆv jfvB hBGbfq htf rsqsY sp, ˆmb jfu ƒqfùlDslv. (hc}
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178

3458, ƒzfwf} 4591, 4600 bQ) zKhf ufrfâfmDvf ufrfâfsm ˆv™i sjfmsv rfk svsJ
zfvfm sbsh. (ƒzfwf} 4592, 4595 bQ) nckvfQ kfslv nlxwkf zhtìb mcndtsmv ubA
ShL bq. zsbsj hstb, dbdNÝ
rWqfv jfvB,
ˆv™i jfu zrQjfvD, dhiloa²À zKhf
Hfhbf W lcdÇy§Àfoa²Àslv. kfƒ bfmfsp ˆv™i ialwGb zShL. (mcm} 3/323, mck¶fnf} 155ix})
12.
12. jcjcsvv mk hnf} hnf}-
lcƒ ifsqv vtf JfVf svsJ, rfk lc'desj mfdesk svsJ ˆhQ lcƒ ifYfv …iv Hv jsv
jcjsc vv mk ShEj dbdNÝ.
jfvB
ˆmb ShEj wqkfsbv. (mc}, zfzf}, ƒo} 316bQ) ˆ
hAfifsv zdLj ufbsk kfwfrùslv ShEsjv hBGbf ûóhA.
13.
13. hfm rfk äfvf Hv jsv hnf} hnf}-
bfmfspv ShEsj hfm rfksj mfde hf mcnfïfv …iv svsJ sEn dlsq hnf dbdNÝ.
jfvB

ˆmb ShEj zfïfrv sÛÁfLHfub
ƒqfùlDslv. (hf}, rf}, ƒo} 380 bQ) zdkdvÙÁ

kfwfrùslv ShEsjv hBGbf ûóhA.
14.
14. jfiV o] o]fsev dbsy Uctfsbf}- fsbf}-
icv¢Nslv ubA kfslv jfiV; tcdÌ,
ifqufmf, iAf¦e, syfof iaHdx k o]fsev dbsy Ucdtsq
ivf nh nmsqv ubA dbdNÝ.
iv§Â
mrfb hflwfv nfmsb bfmfsp l]fdVsq zrQjfvDslv
mk
ˆmbHfsh jfiV Ucdtsq vfJf zdLjHfsh dbdNÝ. (bfmfpDv sthfn
ûóhA)
15.
15. jfiV (wft hf hf yflv) bf udVsq lcƒ j]fsL lc' dlsj Ucdtsq vfJf
zKhf yflsv udVsq Kfjf zh²¿fq rfk lc'desjW kfv dHksv svsJƒ
v¢jC-dnulf jvf}-
rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf
hstb, bhD  bfmfsp ˆƒHfsh jfiV ivsk dbsNL jsvsYb.
(zflf} 643, dk}, ƒmf}, zf}, rf}, dm} 764 bQ) ˆv jfvB hBGbfq htf rsqsY, ˆv™i zHAfn ƒqfùlDslv.
16.
16. yflv,yflv, wft, wft, j©IeGfv iaHxdkv mfLAsm mcJ Tfjf} Tfjf}-
bfmfp iVf zh²¿fq mcJ Tfjsk mrfbhD  dbsNL jsvsYb. (zflf} 643, ƒmf}, dm} 764 bQ)
mlDbfv IjDr nfstm dhb zfècïfr dhb …mfv jf…sj bfmfsp mcJ sTsj Kfjsk slJst
kfv mcJ sKsj kfv jfiVsj nsufsv sesb ndvsq dlskb. (mf} 30bQ)
17.
17. icv¢sNv tìf yct siYb dlsj sh] shsL
]sL bfmfp iVf}
iVf}-
diaq bhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
kfv (tìf) yctsj siYb dlsj sh]sL bfmfp isV, sn
snƒ hAdÙÁv mk sp kfv lcƒ rfk h]fLf zh²¿fq bfmfp isV.« (mc}, zfzf}, ƒdr}) dkdb
zfsvf hstb, ª‰ h]fLf yct rt wqkfb hnfv ufqof!« (zflf}, dk}, ƒJc}, ƒdr}, dnulfv dhhvB ûóhA)
ƒhbct zfNDv hstb, tìf yct sJftf zh²¿fq Kfjst dnulfr zh²¿fq snÈdtW mfdesk
isV pfsh. Ist dnulfrjfvDsj
‰
ycstv dnulfr jvfv nWqfh slWqf rsh. i[f§Àsv
h]fLf hf o]fKf Kfjst snÈstf dnulfq iVsk ifvsh bf. kfƒ h]fLsk dbsNL jvf rsqsY.
(bfzf} 2/340)
zfïfmf zfthfbD (v}) hstb, msb rq ˆ dhLfb sjht icv¢Nslv ubAƒ, mdrtfslv
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179

ubA bq. ƒhbct zfvfhD sKsj ˆ jKf …Ýxk jsv wWjfbD kfƒ hstb. (dnnfb} 143ix})
jfvB, smsqslv yct Kfjsh h]fLf W jfisVv ilGfv dHksv. pf shv rst mdrtfv bfmfpƒ
hfdkt rsq pfsh. (bfzf} 2/340)
18.
18. jfiV Èefsbf}
Èefsbf}-
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªzfdm zfdló
rsqdY sp, zfdm 7 zÌ
äfvf dnulfr jdv
---

ˆhQ jfiV W yct bf
Èefƒ.« (hc}, mc}, ƒJc} 782, nuf} 1369 bQ)
mcrfdÜn zfthfbD (v}) hstb, `ˆƒ dbsNL sjht bfmfp zh²¿fskƒ nDmfhÝ
bq; hvQ
bfmfspv iCshGW pdl sj… kfv yct hf jfiV Èefq zk}iv bfmfsp iashw jsv, kfrst
zdLjfQw …tfmfosBv msk sn ‰ dbsNsL wfdmt rsh. zfv yct sh]sL bfmfp iVf dbdNÝ

rWqfv rflDn
…ÙÁ
mksj nmKGb jsv. (dnnfb} 143ix})
ˆJfb sKsjƒ hù …tfmf hstsYb sp, ufmfv zf²ÀDb hf rfkf Èdesq bfmfp iVf
mjv™r. jfvB mrfbhD  W k]fv …©mk bfmfsp jfiV bf Èefsk zfdló
rsqsYb. zfv
ufmfv rfkf
Èefsbf jfiV
Èefsbfvƒ wfdmt.
ƒmfm bWhD hstb, …tfmfoB ˆ dhNsq ˆjmk sp, jfiV hf ufmfv zf²ÀDb Èdesq, yct
sh]sL hf ifoVDv dbsy
Èdesq svsJ bfmfp iVf dbdNÝ.
zhwA
ˆƒ dbsNsLv mfb rt
mjv™r. zKGf{, ˆsk bfmfp bó
rq bf. (wfvù mcndtm 4/209, zfmf} 2/247)
…ÙÁ
dbsNsLv jfvB hBGbfq zsbsj hstb sp, jfiV
Èefsbf hf skftf zrQjfvDslv
t[B. kfƒ kfslv nflxwA zhtìb dbdNÝ.
(Ihf} 2/346)
zhwA jfiV Jcst sost kf ivf …ÙÁ
dbsNsLv zfWkfHcÙÁ
bq. hvQ tÏf²¿fb Jcst
pfWqfv zfwËf rst skf bfmfp zh²¿fskW ivf Wqfsuh. zbcv™i …tÌ
bfmfpD bfmfspv
mfsU pdl jfiV ifq, kfrst snƒ zh²¿fskƒ kfv ubAW kf ivf Wqfsuh. jfvB,
jfiV hkGmfb Kfjsk tÏf²¿fb shv jsv bfmfp iVst bfmfp hfdkt. (mcm} 3/347-348)
bfmfp iVsk iVsk Jch wDk tfost ˆhQ ifsw jfiV Kfjst bfmfpD bfmfspv msLAƒ
kf ivsk hf ofsq dbsk ifsv. jfvB bf ivst kfv msbfspfso hAfOfk Oesh. (‰ 3/348)
zbcv™i Jch ovm tfostW zdkdvÙÁ
W ziasqfubDq jfiV bfmfp zh²¿fskƒ ndvsq
sItsk ifsv.
19.
19. jf] L sJftf svsJ bfmfp}-
bfmfp}-
j]fL sJftf svsJ bfmfp dbdNÝ.
(ˆ
hAfifsv `bfmfpDv sthfn' iansÌ
zfstfybf slJcb.)
nckvfQ hù rfuDslv ƒrvfm isv ˆj j]fL sJftf zh²¿fq bfmfp iVf ShL bq. (mfnfƒ}
251ix})
20.
20. nwsè jcvzfb ifE} ifE}-
zsbsj ƒmfsmv siYsb nCvf Ifdkrf ƒkAfdl iVfv nmq mfsU mfsU ÈbXÈbX jsv hf
dInXdIdnsq WsE. pfsk ifswv bfmfpDv hV dFófhG rq.
ˆmb jvfW rflDn sKsj dbdNÝ.

mrfbhD  hstb,
ªzhwAƒ bfmfpD kfv iadkiftsjv nfsK dbvftfq zftfi jsv.
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180

nckvfQ dj dbsq zftfi jvsY, kf spb sn t[A jsv. zfv skfmfslv sj… spb zisvv
ifsw jcvzfb nwsè bf isV.« (zf}, mf}, iamcJ dm} 856 bQ)
21.
21. Jfhfv nfmsb svsJ bfmfp} bfmfp}-
Jfhfv dudbn nfmsb rfduv Kfjst ˆhQ JfWqfv ƒ¤Yf W zfjf£Jf Kfjst kf bf sJsq
bfmfp iVf mjv™r. jfvB, sn nmq Jfhfsvv dlsj mb isV Kfsj ˆhQ bfmfsp pKfKG
msbfspfso hAfOfk Ose.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªpJb skfmfslv vfskv Jfhfv ia²Âk
Kfsj
ˆhQ snƒ nmsq
bfmfspv ƒjfmkW rq, kJb skfmvf iaKsm Jfhfv JfW. zfv JfWqf swN bf jvf ipG§À
sj… spb kfVfùsVf bf jsv.« ƒhsb …mfv
ˆv ubA Jfhfv hfVf rst snƒ nmq pdl
bfmfspv ƒjfmk rk, kfrst kf sJsq swN bf jvf ipG§À bfmfsp zfnskb bf. snƒ nmq
dkdb ƒmfsmv dj¶vfzfkW wcbsk siskb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 1056 bQ)
22.
22. ianafh- h-ifqJfbf zfesj svsJ bfmfp bfmfp iVf}-
iVf}-
ianafh-ifqJfbfv yfi Kfjst snƒ zh²¿fq bfmfp iVf ShL bq. nmq hf ufmfzfk YcsE
pfWqfv zfwËf KfjstW ianafh-ifqJfbfv jfu bf snsv bfmfsp iashw jvf dbdNÝ.

mrfbhD  hstb,
ªJfhfv nfmsb svsJ bfmfp sbƒ. zfv kfvW bfmfp sbƒ, pfsj ianafh-
ifqJfbfv sho sisqsY.« (mc} 560, dm} 1057 bQ, mcm} 3/325-328)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªskfmfslv jfsvf ifqJfbfv kth rst ˆhQ zbA dlsj bfmfspv
ƒjfmk rst iaKsm sn spb ifqJfbfƒ jsv.« (dk}, zflf} 88, bf}, mf}, dm} 1069 bQ)
ªsp hAdÙÁ
zfïfr W ivjfst dhw¶fn vfsJ kfv ubA ianafh-ifqJfbfv sho sysi svsJ
ˆhQ (iasqfub snsv) rfîf rsq bf pfWqf ipG§À bfmfp iVf ShL bq.« (zflf} 91bQ, iamcJ)
23.
23. Tct hf k¦ûf zh² zh²¿fq bfmfp}
bfmfp}-
Ocsmv sOfv Kfjst hf Tct ˆst (bIt) bfmfp iVf …dyk bq. hvQ ˆjec Ocdmsq dbsq
iVf …dyk. zhwA Ivp bfmfspv s[sÛ
ufmfzfk W dbdlGó
nmq sJqft vfJf
ˆjf§À
uv¢vD. (ˆ hAfifsv `bfmfp djHfsh jfsqm rsh' dwsvfbfsmv zfstfybf ûóhA)
24.
24. mfljûhA hf sjfb rfvfm h² h²
 hrb jvf}-
jvf}-
rjdiaq W nkAfbcnáfbD
…tfmfosBv dbje jcvzfb, ncâfr, dhshj W Îfb-dhÎfb
dHdÙj hù ltDt hkGmfb Kfjfv jfvsB dhdV, dnofsve, ofdt, kfmfj, Èt-ulGf iaHdx k
mfljûhA mfjv™sr kfrvDmD zKGf{ rfvfm. kfƒ ˆ nh dudbn isjse svsJ mndusl
pfWqf W bfmfp iVf mjv™r. (Iƒ} 1/199-200)
25.
25. srtf-
srtf-slftf}-
slftf}-
bfmfp iVsk iVsk zfso-disY hf Ffsb-hfsm srtf-slftf ShL bq. sjb bf, ˆ jfu
bfmfsp ˆjfoakf W d²¿vkfv iadkjCt. (mck¶fnf} 220ix})
zsbsj sjht Ffb zKhf hfm ifsqv …iv Hvbf dlsq h]fjf rsq l]fVfq; pfsk
jfkfsvv ifswv bfmfpDvW dFófhG rq. i[f§Àsv diaq bhD  bfmfp wcv¢ jvfv iCshG
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181

nfrfhfosBv j]fL ±iwG jsv htskb, ªskfmvf snfuf rsq l]fVfW. dhdHâv™si l]fVfsqf
bf. bsy{ skfmfslv r™lqW dhdHâ rsq pfsh.« (mc}, dm} 1088 bQ)
zhwA bfmfp tìf rst if Lvfv Ist lc-ˆjhfv if hlst zfvfm sbWqf lCNBDq bq.
ksh wkG rt, spb
ˆj if ziv ifsqv sysq shwD zfof-diYf bf rsq pfq. hvQ
…Hq
if spb hvfhv Kfsj
ˆhQ
ˆ
jfu hfvhfvW bf rq. (mcm} 3/323-324) kfYfVf spb
ifswv mcnïDv dFófhG bf rq.
26.
26. bfmfspv iadkjCt djYc zfyvB} zfyvB}-
bfmfp iVsk iVsk mfKf hf lfdV yctjfsbf, hfvhfv mfKfv eciD, ifoVD hf v¢mft
snfuf jvf, OdV drtfsbf W slJf, bJ, l]fk, bfj W haB sJ]fef iaHdx k ziasqfubDq jmG
ShL bq. (mck¶fnf} 172-175ix}) ˆjde jKf Jchƒ nkA sp, r™lq yfÑtAmq Kfjst zÌ-
iakAÌ
yÑt Kfsj. zfv r™lqsj pdl wf§À W d²¿v vfJf pfq, kfrst hfdrsvv zÌ-
iakAÌW snƒ mrfb hflwfv ubA wf§À W d²¿v Kfjsh.
27.
27. nftfm sIvfv nmq rfskv ƒwfvf mjv™r. mjv™r. (nftfsmv dhhvB ûóhA)

bbffmmffpp ppffssk
k hhffddk
kttr
rqq
ˆmb hù jmG zfsY, pf bfmfspv dHksv jvst bfmfp hfdkt rsq pfq. sn nh jsmGv
djYc dbm´v™i}-
1. ziasqfusb bfmfspv dHkv ˆk shwD bVf- bVf-nvf hf ytf-
ytf-sIvf jvf
pfsk zbA sj… slJst ˆƒ msb jsv sp, sn bfmfp isV db. (mcm} 3/352-353) jfvB,
jKf htfv mk bfmfspv hdrHGCk zbAfbA jmG jvst bfmfp hfdkt rsq pfq. mrfb
zfïfr hstb, ª--- zfv skfmvf zfïfrv nfmsb dhbDkHfsh l]fVfW.« (jc} 2/238)
2. bfmfspv sjfb v¢jXb hf wkG kAfo jvf} jvf}-
LDv-d²¿vHfsh bfmfp bf iVfv jfvsB mrfbhD  bfmfp HctjfvD nfrfhfsj dkb-
dkbhfv dIdvsq bfmfp iVsk zfslw jsvdYstb. (hc}, mc}, iamcJ, dm} 790 bQ) jfvB, LDv-
d²¿v W wf§ÀHfsh bfmfp iVf bfmfspv ˆj v¢jXb W Ivp. pf kAfo jvfv iv nù dnulfr
jvstW nQswfLb rq bf.
zbcv™i nCvf Ifdkrf, v¢jC, sjfb dnulfr, nftfm hf zbA sjfb v¢jXb kAfo jvst
bfmfpƒ rq bf. zhwA iasqfusbv yfsi djYc zh²¿f hAdkÛÁmW zfsY, pfsk lc-ˆjde
v¢jXb (spmb djqfm, nCvf Ifdkrf) hfl sostW bfmfp rsq pfq. sn jKf pKf²¿fsb
zfstfdyk rsh
ƒbwfzfïfr.
diaq bhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
bfifj rsq pfq, sn hAdÙÁ
icbvfq WpC bf jvf ipG§À kfv
bfmfp jhct rq bf.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 300bQ) ªidhÛkf dhbf bfmfpƒ jhct rq bf.« (mc}, dm}
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182

301bQ)
nckvfQ bfmfp iVsk iVsk jfsvf Wpc sHsÌ
sost kfv bfmfp hfdkt. bfmfp kAfo
jsv icbvfq WpC jsv
ˆsn bkcbHfsh bfmfp iVsk rsh. (zflf}, rf}, dm} 1007 bQ)
zhwA WpC HfÌfv dbYj ns¦lsrv jfvsB bfmfp hfdkt rq bf. dbdÇykv™si WpC bó

rWqfv jKf bf ufbf sost bfmfp wcÝ
rsq pfsh. diaq vnCt  hstb, ª
(bfmfsp rfWqf
shv rWqfv ns¦lr rst) wè bf swfbf zKhf lcoGá
bf ifWqf ipG§À sj… spb bfmfp
kAfo bf jsv.« (hc} 137bQ, mc}, zflf}, ƒmf}, bf})
bfmfp iVsk iVsk wvmofr shv rsq iVst, mdrtfslv sie, diE, rfskv hfuc, yct
ƒkAfdl iajfw rsq iVst (kf sjfb shofbf icv¢N slJsk ifjX zKhf bf ifjX) bfmfp
hfdkt rsq pfq.
bfmfp iVsk Kfjf jfst jfisV hDpG (öi´slfsNv) dyrÁ
zKhf (mdrtf) mfdnsjv lfo
slJst bfmfp kAfo jvf uv¢vD.
bfmfp zh²¿fq slr hf sthfsnv sjfb
²¿fsb bfifjD stso Kfjsk buv iVst pdl kf
nk¶v lCv jvf n©Hh rq, kfrst kf lCv jsv bfmfp rsq pfsh. spmb zdkdvÙÁ
sthfsn;
zKGf{ eciD, v¢mft, ofmYf hf ifoVD zKhf uckfq bfifjD slJst ˆhQ nk¶v kf Jcst
sIst dlst bfmfp wcÝ.
ˆjlf bfmfp iVsk iVsk duhvDt  mfvI{ mrfbhD  k]fv uckfq bfifjD
stso Kfjfv nQhfl sist dkdb kf Jcst sIst bfmfp n©iâ jsvdYstb. (zflf}, lf}, dm} 766 bQ)
nk¶v sJftf n©Hh bf rst zKhf iCBG sthfn idvhkGb jvf lvjfv rst bfmfp kAfo
jsv idhÛ
sthfn isv icbvfq bfmfp iVsk rsh. (Iƒ} 1/289)
jfsvf bfmfp iVfv iv pdl msb isV sp sn dhbf WpCsk bfmfp isVsY, zKhf jfisV
(dbsuv) hDpG (öi´slfN) hf (mdrtf) mfdnsjv dyrÁ
slsJ, kfrst bfmfp wcÝ
rq db. pKf
dbqsm idhÛ
rWqfv iv sn bfmfp icbvfq iVsk rsh. jfvB, slr bfifj svsJ bfmfpƒ
rq bf.
i[f§Àsv bfmfp iVfv iv pdl slsJ, jfisV ianafh, ifqJfbf hf zbA sjfb bfifjD
stso zfsY; zKGf{ sn kf dbsqƒ bfmfp isVsY, kfrst bf ufbfv jfvsB kfv bfmfp wcÝ

rsq pfsh. zfv dIdvsq iVsk rsh bf. jfvB, hfƒsvv jfisV (zbcv™i sjfb zsÌ)

bfifjD stso KfjstW kfv slr zfnst ifj dYt. (Iƒ} 1/198, 298)
4. susbwcsb ƒ¤Yfjxk jKf htf} htf}-
zfècïfr dhb mfn†l
hstb, bhD  ˆv bfmfp iVf zh²¿fq zfmvf k]fsj nftfm
dlkfm
ˆhQ dkdb nftfsmv
…ÙvW dlskb. zk}iv pJb bfufwDv dbje sKsj dIsv
ˆtfm, kJb nftfm dlst dkdb …Ùv dlstb bf. isv jfvB duÎfnf jvst dkdb
htstb, ªbfmfsp mo´kf zfsY.« (hc} 1199 bQ, mc} iamcJ)
pfql dhb zfvjfm
hstb, bhD  ˆv pcso zfmvf bfmfsp jKf htkfm; zfmfslv
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183

msLA sj… sj… kfv nÌDsj dbsuv iasqfusbv jKf htk. zk}iv pJb zfïfrv ˆƒ
dbslGw zhkDBG rt, ªskfmvf bfmfpnmCr ˆhQ dhswN jsv mLAhkGD (zfnsvv) bfmfspv
iadk pk´hfb rW. zfv zfïfrv …sÜswA dhbDkHfsh l]fVfW.«
kJb zfmvf yci Kfjsk
(bfmfspv nCvf, lczf, lv™l YfVf zbA jKf bf htsk) zfdló
rtfm. (hc} 1200 bQ, mc} iamcJ)
zhwA bfmfsp jKf htf rfvfm kf bf susb pdl sj… jKf hstƒ sIst, kfrst kfv bfmfp
hfdkt bq. ˆj hAdÙÁ
bfmfsp r]fyst (dY]dj mfvst) mczfdhqf dhb rfjfm bfmfspv zh²¿fskƒ
‰ hAdÙÁv ubA `qAfvrfmcjfïfr' hst lczf jvst nfrfhfoB dbsuslv ufbcsk zfOfk jsv
k]fsj yci jvfsk yfƒstb. bfmfp swN rst zflwG dw[j diaq vnCt  k]fsj bvmHfsh
hcdUsq htstb, ªˆƒ bfmfsp stfj-nmfsuv sjfb jKf htf ShL (nÌk) bq.
ˆsk pf htsk
rq kf rt; knhDr, kjhDv W jcvzfb ifE.« (mc}, dm} 978 bQ)
…ÙÁ
rflDsn
ˆ
jKf
…sïJ sbƒ sp, dkdb k]fsj bfmfp dIdvsq iVsk hstdYstb.
nckvfQ hcUf sot, zufs§À sj… jKf hst sItst kfv bfmfp bó
rsq pfsh bf. (dInc} 1/239)
…sïJA sp, bfmfspv nCvf, lczf-lv™l ƒkAfdlv zbchflW pdl bfmfsp htf rq, kfrstW
bfmfp hfdkt rsq pfsh. jfvB, zbchflW mfbcsNv nfLfvB jKfv wfdmt.
iajfw Kfsj sp, jKf pdl bfmfp nQswfLb jvfv mfbsnW htf iasqfub rq, khcW htf
ShL bq. spmb pdl ƒmfm zfnsvv nmq sufsv dj¶vfzfk iVsk wcv¢ jsv ˆhQ sjfb
mcÙÁflD kf nQswfLsbv
…sÜswA hst,
`ˆef zfnsvv bfmfp' zKhf pdl
ƒmfm ˆj
dnulfv iv hsn pfq ˆhQ sjfb mcÙÁflD `knhDr' htfv ivW hcUsk bf ifsv sp, däkDq
dnulfr jvsk rsh; Ist sn
…Esk pfq.
ˆ
s[sÛ
sjfb mcÙÁflDv `dnulfr' hf
`dnulfr jv¢b' htfW ShL bq. ˆv™i htst bfmfp hfdkt. jfvB, iCshGƒ zfmvf
susbdY sp, bfmfsp djYc Oest mrfbhD  zfmfslvsj (icv¢sNv ubA) knhDr ˆhQ
(mdrtfv ubA) rfkkfdt dhsLq jsvsYb. (mcm} 3/364-365)
ˆ dhNsq ˆjde hAdkÛÁf§À hAfifv ˆƒ sp, sjfb ufmfzfskv stfj Hct jsv yfv
vfjzfskv ufqofq dkb vfjzfk isV nftfm dIvfv iv mcÙÁflDslv sj… ˆƒ Hct
nìsá
n¹vB dlst ˆhQ ƒmfmW dbdÇyk rWqfv ubA zbAfbAsj duÎfnfhfl jvst
nQswfLsbv
…sÜswA zfsvf
ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp zhwAƒ iVsh ˆhQ nù dnulfr jvsh.
zfv ˆv mfsU ƒmfm-mcÙÁflDv
‰
jsKfijKb bfmfspv ubA [dkjv rsh bf. spsrkc
ˆ

jKf kJbƒ htf rq, pJb nftfm dIsv slWqf rq. zfv kJb jKf htf ShL. i[f§Àsv
dbdÇyk ufbf pfq bf sp, nkAƒ bfmfp jm iVf rsqsY dj bf. ˆ vjmƒ rsqdYt mrfbhD
 W nfrfhfosBv. (slJcb, hc} 714, mc} 573 bQ)
5. ifbfrfv jvf} jvf}-
bfmfp iVsk iVsk sJst zKhf ifb jvst bfmfp hfdkt rsq pfq. mcsJv dHkv
ifb, ofdt (?), ycƒQofm iaHdx k svsJ bfmfp rq bf. jfvB ˆ jfu bfmfspv idvi§¿D.
(dInc} 1/240, dInc} …lccG 130 ix})
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184

6. rfnf}
rfnf}-
rfnstW zbcv™i jfvsB bfmfp hfdkt idvodBk rq. (dInc} 1/240, dInc} …lGc 130ix})
zhwA sjfb rfnAjv dudbn slsJ zKhf rfnAjv jKf wcsb rfdn sysi vfJsk bf sisv
pdl sj… mcydj rfdn (wè bf jsv) srsn sIst, kfrst kfv bfmfp hfdkt rsh bf.
iajfw Kfsj sp, bfmfpDsj rfnfhfv syóf jvf kKf kfv bfmfp bó jvfv jfu
wqkfsbv. sjfb mcndtm mfbcsNv ˆ jfu rWqf …dyk bq.
7. dikfv rfvfm …ifsq …ifduGk zKG sJst W hAq jvst icsÛv bfmfp hfdkt bq.
ksh snƒ zKG hAhrfv bf jvsk pKfnfLA iaqfn Kfjsk rsh. zfv sp hAdÙÁ
zfïfrsj
Hq jsv ivsrpofvD zhtìb jsv, zfïfr kfv ubA ytfv iK nru jsv slb. zfv
dkdb kfsj ˆmb ufqof sKsj v¢pD lfb jsv Kfsjb, pf sn hcUsk W j¬ibfƒ jvsk
ifsv bf. (Iƒ} 1/264)
8. `pfsk WpC bó
rq bf' dwsvfbfsm zfstfdyk rsqsY sp, o]fsev dbsy jfiV Ucdtsq
bfmfp iVst WpC W bfmfp djYcƒ hfdkt rq bf. zhwA ˆmb jfu jvst kfv …iv
sKsj mrfb zfïfrv ncbuv W lfdqk¶ …sE pfq. zfv WpC W bfmfp hfdkt rWqfv
hAfifsv ltDstv rflDn nrDr bq. (Iƒ} 1/301)
9. sjfb jfvsB ƒmfsmv bfmfp hfdkt rst iÇyfsk mcÙÁflDslv bfmfp hfdkt bq. (mcm}
2/315-317) ˆ dhNsq ƒmfmdkv dhhvB ûóhA.
10. bfmfpD pdl ufsb sp kfv nfmsb dlsq sjfb mdrtf, ofLf hf jfstf jcjcv zdkÛÁm
jvsh
ˆhQ
ˆ
ufbf nsÙ¶W dhbf nckvfq bfmfp isV, kfrst
‰
dkbsev
ˆjefW kfv
nfmsb shsq ifv rsq
sost kfv bfmfp hfdkt. jfvB, nckvfv dhhvsB zfmvf susbdY
sp, ‰ dkbde dudbn bfmfp bó
jsv slq. (mcm} 3/343, 392)
zbcv™i mcÙÁflDv nckvfr
ƒmfsmv nckvfƒ. zkˆh ƒmfm nckvfr svsJ bfmfp bf iVst
ˆhQ ‰ dkbsev ˆjef nfmsb shsq zdkÛÁm jvst
ƒmfm-mcÙÁflD njstv bfmfp hfdkt.
iajfw sp, bfmfp iVsk iVsk bfmfp hfdkt rWqf ufbf sost zKhf WpC bó
rWqf
hcUsk ifvst nfsK nfsK bfmfp sYsV shdvsq zfnf Wqfsuh. tÏfq
hf zbA jfvsB
bfmfp swN jvf rfvfm
ˆhQ kf
ˆj iajfv zfïfrv nfsK hAÌ
jvf! jfvB, pf dkdb oarB
jvshb bf, kf susbwcsbW dbshlb jvsk Kfjf
…irfn Shdj? (mcm} 3/392-393)
zhwA ufmfzfsk Kfjst tÏf rWqf
öfHfdhj. dhswN jsv rfWqf shv rWqfv Ist
WpC bó
rst zsbsj bfmfp hf ufmfzfk kAfo jsv jfkfv sHsÌ
zfnsk tÏf W
nQsjfyshfL jsv. dj§Â
mrfbhD

ˆƒ tÏf Tfjfv ubA
ˆj jxdÛm
…ifsqv jKf hst
dlsqsYb; dkdb hstb,
ªpJb skfmfslv msLA sj… kfv bfmfsp bfifj rsq pfsh kJb
sn spb kfv bfj Lsv sbq. zk}iv shv rsq zfsn.« (zflf} 1114, rf} 1/184, dm} 1007 bQ)
k¶DhD hstb, ˆƒ dbslGw ˆƒ ubA sp, pfsk stfsjvf msb jsv kfv bfsj vÙÁ
zfnsY
(kfƒ shv rsq pfs¤Y). zfv ˆv™i jvf dmKAf bq, hvQ kf `kfWdvqfr' hf ShL zdHbq.
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185

wqkfb pfsk kfv msb stfjslvsj wvm jvfv jKf ncswfdHk bf jsv sIst (ˆhQ
bfmfp iVskƒ sKsj pfq). kfƒ kfv ubA ˆ jfsuv zbcmdk W dbslGw slWqf rsqsY.
(zfmf}, dmvjfk, dmwjfskv eDjf 1bQ, 1/318)

j
jffvv bbffmmffpp j
jhht
ct
c bbqq??
djYc bfmfpD zfsY, pfvf bfmfp skf isV; dj§Â
kfslv bfmfp zfïfr vêct zftfmDsbv
lvhfsv jhct W oxrDk rq bf. bfmfpD zKhf bfmfspv zh²¿f slsJ mrfb zfïfr n§Âó
rb
bf.
ˆmb jkjÈdt bfmfpD dbm´v™i}-
1. itfkj ÛÁDklfn}
ÛÁDklfn}-
2. ˆmb ²ÃD,D, pfv
öfmD kfv …iv vfo jsv zfsY. ²ÃD
öfmDsj nhGlf sJfw vfJsh, kfv
(Hfstf jKf W jfsu) zfbcokA jvsh, kfv nh jKf smsb ytsh, spZbncJ dlsq kfsj
nhGlf kxå
vfJsh, sjfb dhNsq vfo rst kf nk¶v dmdesq sbWqfv syóf jsv nh djYcsk
kfsj n§Âó
vfJsh
-ˆefƒ rt ²ÃDv LmG. mrfbhD  hstb, skfmfslv (snƒ) ²ÃDvfW
ufâfkD rsh, sp ²ÃD zdLj iaBdqBD, n§ÀfblfÛD, hfvhfv Hct jsv hfvhfv
öfmDv dbje
zfk¹nmiGBjfdvBD, pfv öfmD vfo jvst sn kfv dbje
ˆsn kfv rfsk rfk svsJ hst,
zfidb vfuD (Efàf) bf rWqf ipG§À zfdm Ocmfh bf.« (dnn} 287 bQ)
dj§Â
ˆmb hù mdrtf zfsY, pfvf kfslv öfmDv sJsq-isvW
ˆmb vfo-svfNsj isvfqf
jsv bf. bfvD-öfLDbkfv i[ifdkbD
öfmDv nQnfsvW ivm
öfLDbkf-ncJ sHfo jvsk
dosq
öfmDsj bfvfu vfsJ. Ist dhw¶öfmDW bfvfu rb
ˆhQ snƒ ²ÃDv wpAfnÌD
öfmDsj
sJfw jvfv zfso bfmfp iVstW sn bfmfsp dkdb sJfw rb bf. jfvB,
`ùjCjct ƒhfl'
zflfq bf jvf ipG§À mrfb zfïfr hf¦lfv kfWhfsk n§Âó
rb bf. pfv iadk zbAfq jvf
rq, kfv dbje zfso [mf sist kshƒ mrfb zfïfr [mf jsvb. bsy{ bf.
3. ˆmb stfj sp jfsvf dhbf zbcmdk W zfslswƒ jfsvf ufbfpf
iVfq (ƒmfmdk jsv). ˆmb ƒmfm, pfv ƒmfmdk zdLjfQw mcÙÁflDvf iY¦l jsv
bf. kfv diYsb bfmfp iVsk kfslv v¢dy rq bf. ƒmfmdksk Hct zfyvB zKhf
ydvÛok sjfb jfvsB zdLjfQw stfsj kfsj
ƒmfmdk jvsk dlsk yfq bf. ˆmb
ƒmfsmv bfmfp kfv jfb zdkÛÁm jsv bf, mfKfv
…isv pfq bf, zfjfswv dlsj WsE bf,
nfk zfnmfb ifv rsq zfïfrv lvhfsv jhct rWqf skf hù lCsvv jKf.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªdkb hAdÙÁv bfmfp kfslv jfb zdkÛÁm jsv bf; itfkj

ÛÁDklfn, pk[B bf sn dIsv
ˆsnsY,
ˆmb
²ÃD pfv
öfmD kfv
…iv vfofd¦hk zh²¿fq
vfdÛpfib jsvsY, (pk[B bf sn vfuD rsqsY), (zKhf sp
²ÃD kfv
öfmDv zhfLAfyvB
jsvsY, sn kfv hfLAf bf rWqf ipG§À) ˆhQ snƒ n©ialfsqv ƒmfm, pfsj stfsj ziY¦l
jsv.« (dk}, k¶fhf, rf}, dnn} 288, 650bQ)
4.ˆmb stfj,
stfj, sp sjfb oBsjv jfsY HfoA W HdhNAk ufbfv zfwfq
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186

oBjsj `ƒtXsm ofqshv mfdtj' msb jsv rfk slJfq. ˆmb hAdÙÁv -
sjht oBsjv jfsY pfWqfv jfvsBƒ- kfv 40 dlsbv (200 zsÙÁv) bfmfp jhct rq
bf! kfv
…iv oBj pf hst kf dhw¶fn jvst skf zbA jKf. dhw¶fn jvst skf sn mCstƒ
`jfsIv'-ˆ idvBk rsq pfq. zfv jfsIsvv bfmfp-svfpf zhwAƒ mjhCt bq.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb oBsjv dbje …id²¿k rsq sjfb (HCk-HdhNA{ hf
ofqhD) dhNq n©isjG duÎfnf jsv, sn hAdÙÁv 40 dlsbv bfmfp jhct rq bf.« (mc} 2230bQ)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb oBj hf suAfdkNDv dbje …id²¿k rsq sn pf hst
kf nkA msb (dhÇhfn) jvt, sn hAdÙÁ mcrf©ml  ˆv …iv zhkDBG (jcvzfsbv) iadk
jcIvD jvt.« (zfrml, rfsjm, nrDùt ufsm' 5939bQ)
5. wfvfhD,
wfvfhD, mlAifqD}
mlAifqD}-
mrfbhD  hstb, ªzfmfv …©mskv sp hAdÙÁ
ml ifb jvsh, zfïfr kfv 40 dlb
bfmfp jhct jvshb bf.« (bf}, nuf} 7717 bQ)
6. ˆmb bfmfpD,
bfmfpD, sp bfmfp isV dj§Â
bfmfp ycdv jsv. lfq nfvf jsv isV.
dEjmk v¢jC-dnulfr jsv bf. v¢jCsk d²¿v rq bf, dnulfq d²¿v Kfsj bf. sjfmv
h]fjfsbf mfÛ
kcst sbq. `nc-nc-nc' jsv lczf isV yeXieX …sE pfq! jfsvf sjfmv dEjmk
h]fsj bf. mfKf …]yc jsvƒ v¢jC jsv. jfsvf dnulfv nmq bfj mcnfïfq ±iwG jsv bf.
jfsvf if lc'de …iv dlsj ifïfq rfîf rWqfv mk …sE pfq. sj… v¢jC W dnulfv mfsU
d²¿v rsq l]fVfq bf. rfI l]fdVsq dnulfq pfq.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsr mcndtm lt! sn hAdÙÁv bfmfp rq bf, sp hAdÙÁ
v¢jC W
dnulfsk dbu diE snfuf jsv bf.« (zf}, ƒmf}, ƒJc}, ƒdr}, nkf} 524 bQ)
ªzfïfr snƒ hf¦lfv bfmfspv dlsj kfdjsqW slsJb bf, sp v¢jC W dnulfv mfsU dbu
diEsj snfuf jsv (l]fVfq) bf.« (zf} 4/22, k¶fhf, nkf} 525, dnn} 2536 bQ)
ªmfbcN 60 hYv Lsv bfmfp isV, zKy kfv ˆjde bfmfpW jhct rq bf! jfvB,
rqskf hf sn v¢jC iCBvG ™si jsv, dj§Â
dnulfr iCBvG ™si jsv bf. zKhf dnulfr iCBvG ™si
jsv, dj§Â
v¢jC dEjmk jsv bf.« (zfnhfrfbD, dnn} 2535 bQ)
ªbfmfp 3 Hfso dhHÙÁ;
ˆj kxkDqfQw idhÛkf,
ˆj kxkDqfQw v¢jC ˆhQ zfv ˆj
kxkDqfQw rt dnulfr. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ
kf pKfKGv™si zflfq jvsh, kfv dbje sKsj
kf jhct jvf rsh ˆhQ kfv zbAfbA nm²À zfmtW jhct jvf rsh. zfv pfv bfmfp vÜ
jvf rsh, kfv zbA njt zfmtsj vÜX jsv slWqf rsh.«
(hfppfv, dnn} 2537 bQ)
7. zfpfb wcsbW sp bfmfpD dhbf Wusv mnduslv ufmfzfsk bfmfp
isV bf}-
bf}-
ufmfzfsk bfmfp iVf Wqfsuh. ˆƒ Wqfsuh kAfo jvst kfv bfmfp jhct bfW rsk
ifsv. mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
zfpfb swfbf nsÙ¶W mndusl ufmfzfsk
ˆsn bfmfp
zflfq jsv bf, sjfb Wuv bf Kfjst sn hAdÙÁv bfmfp jhct rq bf.« (zflf} 551, ƒmf},
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187

ƒdr}, rf}, nuf} 6300 bQ)

8. ˆmb mdrtf,
mdrtf, sp zfkv hf sn¦e smsJ mnduslv ubA shv rq} rq}-
ˆmb mdrtf pk[B ipG§À bf bfifjDv sofnt jvfv mk sofnt jsvsY kk[B ipG§À
kfv bfmfp jhct rsh bf. (ƒmf}, nuf} 2703 bQ)
9. dikfmfkfv
dikfmfkfv zhfLA n§Àfb.
10.
10. lfb jsv sp lfsbv jKfq ohGHsv iayfv jsv shVfq. shVfq.
11.
11. kjlDv zöDjfvjfvD hAdÙÁ. hAdÙÁ. (k¶fhf, nuf} 3065 bQ)
12.
12. isvv hfisj sp dbsuv hfi hst lfhD jsv. jsv. (hc}, mc})
13.
13. sp hAdÙÁ
sjfb mcndtmsj rkAf jsv
ˆhQ kfsk sn ohGshfL jsv
W JcwD rq. (hf} 8/21, nuf} 6454 bQ)
14.
14. Jcsbv hlst Jcsbv hltf dbsk sp hAdÙÁ
(wfnbjkxGi[sj) hfLf
slq. (zflf}, bf}, nuf} 6451 bQ)
15.
15. sp hAdÙÁ
mlDbfq sjfb dhlzfk jfu jsv zKhf sjfb
dhlzfkDsj zfwaq slq. zKhf sjfb lc°jmG jsv hf lc°jk x Dsj zfwaq slq.
16.
16. sp hAdÙÁ
mcndtmslv nfsK dhw¶fnOfkjkf nOfkjkf jsv. (hc}, mc} 1370 bQ)
…ipGÙ
c Á
hAdÙÁhsoGv sjfb Ivp-bIt bfmfp W
ƒhflkƒ (zKhf kWhf W mcdÙÁiB
djqfmsk) jhct jvf rsh bf.

j
jffppff bbffmmffpp
sj… pKfnmsq bfmfp iVsk Ocdmsq zKhf Hcst sost ˆhQ kfv dbdlGó
nmq
zdkhfdrk rsq sost, isv pJbƒ kfv sykb rsh zKhf msb iVsh kJbƒ ‰ (Ivp)
bfmfp jfpf iVf uv¢vD.
diaq bhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
sjfb bfmfp iVsk Hcst pfq zKhf Ocdmsq isV, kfrst
kfv jfIXIfvf rt n¹vB rWqf mfÛ
kf isV sbWqf.« zbA ˆj hBGbfq hstb, ªˆ YfVf
kfv zfv sjfb jfIXIfvf (iafqdÇyÙ)
sbƒ.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 603 bQ)
dkb zfsvf hstb, ªdbûf zh²¿fq sjfb SwdKtA sbƒ. SwdKtA skf ufoak zh²¿fq rq.
nckvfQ pJb skfmfslv msLA sj… sjfb bfmfp iVsk Hcst pfq zKhf Ocdmsq isV, kJb
kfv …dyk, n¹vB rWqf mfÛ
kf isV sbWqf. sjb bf, zfïfr kfzftf hstb, ªzfv
zfmfsj n¹vB jvfv …sÜswA kcdm bfmfp jfsqm jv.« (jc} 20/14, mc}, dm} 604bQ)
zkˆh jfpf bfmfp iVfv ubA sjfb nmq-znmq sbƒ. dlhf-vfsÛv sp sjfb nmsq
sykb rst hf msb iVstƒ …sE nhGfsoa bfmfp isV sbWqf uv¢vD. zbAKf ivhkGD
nmsqv zsi[f ShL bq.
dhbf Wusv ƒ¤Yfjxk bfmfp sYsV dlst hf ncspfo W nmq Kfjf nsÙ¶W bf isV zbA
zÙÁX ˆsn sost ifi skf rshƒ; iv§Â
sn bfmfspv zfv jfpf sbƒ. iVstW kf
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188

oarBspfoA bq. dhbf Wusv pKfnmsq bfmfp bf isV zbA nmsq jfpf iVfq sjfb tfH
sbƒ. hvQ sp hAdÙÁ
ˆmb jsv sIstsY kfv
…dyk, dhwcÝdysÙ
kWhf jvf
ˆhQ kfviv
pKfnmsq bfmfp iVfq pk´hfb rWqfv nfsK nfsK bIt bfmfp shwD shwD jsv iVf.
(mcrfïf, dInc} 1/241-243, dInc} …lGc 78ix}, 1bQ eDjf, mh} 5/306, 15/77, 16/105, 20/174,
dm} 603bQ rflDsnv zfthfbDv eDjf û})
sj… zÎfb Kfjst
Îfb dIvfv iCshGv bfmfp jfpf iVsk rsh bf. jfvB, sn
ÎfbrDb
ifostv ipGfqHcÙÁ.
zfv ifostv ifi-icBA djYc sbƒ. (zflf}, dk}, dm} 3287 bQ, mh}
26/128, dInc} 1/241, mcm} 2/126) ƒhsb …mfv
zÎfb zh²¿fq sjfb bfmfp kAfo
jvst kf zfv jfpf iVskb bf. (zfvf}, dInc} 1/241)
zhwA bfmfp iVsk ifvk ˆmb nmsqv iv zÎfb rst
Îfb dIvfv iv snƒ nmsqv
bfmfp jfpf iVf uv¢vD. (mcm} 2/126-127)
i[f§Àsv sjfb hAdÙÁ
pdl sjfb jfvsB sjfb h²Â
hAhrfv jsv sö¤Yfq shùw rq,
kfrst kfv ubA jfpf iVf uv¢vD. (‰ 2/18)
jfpf bfmfp iVfv ubA zfpfb W ƒjfmk dhsLq. jsqj zsÙÁv bfmfp jfpf iVsk
rst, iaKmhfv zfpfb W kfviv iaskAj bfmfspv ubA iCshG
ƒjfmk htf jkGhA.
ˆj nIsv zfïfrv vnCt  nr nfrfhfoB Ocdmsq iVst Iusvv bfmfp Ycse pfq.
k]fslv sykb rq nCpG WEfv iv. zk}iv ˆjec nsv dosq k]fvf WpC jsvb. dhtft

zfpfb slb. (mc} 681, zf}, zflf}) zk}iv ncâk jfpf isV ƒjfmk dlsq Iusvv Ivp
jfpf isVb. (hc} 344, mc} 680 bQ, bfzf} 2/27)
J¦lsjv pcsÝv nmq mrfbhD  W nfrfhfosBv yfv zsÙÁv bfmfp Ycse sost oHDv
vfdÛsk dkdb dhtft
sj zfpfb dlsk zfslw jsvb. (wfsIqD,
ƒJc}, ƒdr}) zk}iv
iaskAj bfmfspv iCshG ƒjfmk dlsk hstb. ˆƒHfsh iaKsm spfrv, zk}iv zfnv,
mfosvh W ˆwfv bfmfp iviv jfpf isVb. (bf}, zf}, hf} iamcJ, ƒo} 1/257)
…sïJA sp, Iusvv zfpfb dlsb dlsk rstW `zfnXnftfkc Jfƒv¢m dmbfb bf…m«
htsk rsh. jfvB Iusvv ‰ jfpf bfmfsp mrfbhD  Iusvv nmq pf jsvb, dlsbW
kfƒ jsv bfmfp zflfq jsvsYb hst iamfB zfsY. (mc} 681bQ, mcm} 1/204)
sp bfmfp sp zh²¿fq jfpf rq, snƒ bfmfpsj snƒ zh²¿f W zfjfsv iVf uv¢vD.
nckvfQ vfskv bfmfp dlsb jfpf iVfv ncspfo rst vfskv mkƒ jsv sufsv dj¶vfzfk
jvsk rsh. jfvB, mrfbhD  pJb Iusvv bfmfp dlsb jfpf isVdYstb, kJb dEj
snƒv™iƒ isVdYstb, spv™i iaskAj dlb Iusvv nmq iVskb. (mc} 681bQ) klbcv™i
Ycse pfWqf bfmfp vfsk jfpf iVfv ncspfo rst dlsbv mkƒ ycsiycsi dj¶vfzfk iVsk
rsh. (bfzf} 2/27, mcm} 4/204, Iƒ} 1/310)
klbcv™i sj… mcnfdIv zh²¿fq bfmfp jfpf jsv hfdV dIvst, hfdV dIvfv iv bfmfp
jnv jsv bf isV icsvficdv iVsh; dj§Â
‰
jfpf bfmfp jnv jsvƒ zflfq jvsh.
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189

jfvB, nIv zh²¿fq kfv jnv bfmfpƒ jfpf rsqsY. zfv hfdVsk Kfjf zh²¿fq sjfb
Ycse pfWqf bfmfp nIsv msb iVst hf jfpf iVfv ncspfo rst kf icsvficdvƒ zflfq
jvsk rsh. smfe jKf spmb bfmfp jfpf rsh, dEj skmdbHfsh kf zflfq jvsk rsh.
(mcm} 4/518)

j
jffppff bbffmmffsspp k
kvvk
kDDhh u
uvv¢¢vvDD
sjfb bfmfp Ycse sost sn bfmfp jfpf iVfv ivƒ hkGmfb bfmfp iVf pfsh. zbcv™i
jsqj zsÙÁv bfmfp
ˆj
nsÌ
jfpf iVsk rst zbcÛÁm W kvkDh zbcpfqD iaKsm
Iuv, zk}iv spfrv, zk}iv zfnv, mfosvh, ˆwf -ˆƒ dbqsm zflfq jvsk rsh.
zfof-diYc jsv iVf ShL bq. J¦lsjv pcsÝ
mrfbhD  W nfrfhfosBv jsqj zsÙÁv
bfmfp Ycest
‰
kvkDh sJqft svsJƒ iviv zflfq jsvdYstb. (hc}, mc}, iamcJ, bfzf} 2/29)
ˆJb pdl sj… spfrsvv bfmfp jfpf svsJ zfnsvv zsÙÁ
mndusl zfsn, kfrst sn
iaKsm spfrsvv bfmfp isV sbsh. kfviv iVsh zfnsvv bfmfp. dj§Â
sj… pdl ˆmb
nmq mndusl zfsn, sp nmq zfnsvv ufmfzfk ytsY, kfrst sn ˆjfjD jfpf iVsk
ifsv bf. jfvB, ufmfzfk ytfjfst ˆjƒ ²¿fsb däkDq ufmfzfk hf ixKj
ˆjfjD
(ufmfzfkD) bfmfp rq bf. (mc}, dm} 1058 bQ) zfhfv jfpf svsJ zfnsvv bfmfp
ufmfzfsk iVst spfrsvv iCshG zfnv iVf rq. zfv kf rt kvkDh W zbcÛÁsmv
idvi§¿D. nckvfQ sn hAdÙÁ
kvkDh hufq svsJ spfrsvv jfpf zflfsqv dbqsk
ufmfzfsk wfdmt rsh
ˆhQ kfviv
ˆjfjD zfnv isV sbsh. (kcƒ} 66ix})
ˆ s[sÛ
ƒmfsmv dbqk dHâ rstW …ÙÁ
mcÙÁflDv bfmfspv sjfb [dk rsh bf. jfvB,

ƒmfm-mcÙÁflDv dbqk ixKj ixKj rstW
…Hsqv bfmfp sp wcÝ,
kfv iamfB ncâfrsk mucl.
mrfbhD  ˆjlf ˆj hAdÙÁsj
ˆjfjD bfmfp iVsk slJst dkdb zbAfbA nfrfhDslv

…sÜswA htstb,
ªˆmb sj… dj sbƒ, sp ˆv nfsK bfmfp isV ˆsj (ufmfzfskv
nWqfh) lfb jvsh?« ˆ jKf wcsb ˆj hAdÙÁ
…sE kfv nfsK bfmfp iVt. (zflf} 574,
dk}, dm} 1146 bQ) zKy sn mrfbhD  ˆv nfsK ‰ bfmfp iCshG isVdYt. nckvfQ
ƒmfsmv dYt Ivp ˆhQ mcÙÁflDv bIt.
ˆjlf dkdb nftfm dIsv slJstb, mnduslv ˆj iafs§À lcƒ hAdÙÁ
ufmfzfsk bfmfp
isV db. jfvB duÎfnf jvst kfvf j]fisk j]fisk htt, `zfmvf zfmfslv hfnfq
bfmfp isV dbsqdY.' dkdb htstb,
ªˆmbde zfv jsvf bf. hvQ pJb skfmfslv sj…
dbu hfnfq bfmfp isV sbq, zk}iv (mndusl ˆsn) slsJ sp, ƒmfm bfmfp isV db,
kJb sn spb (däkDqhfv) k]fv nfsK bfmfp isV. zfv ˆ bfmfp kfv ubA bIt rsh.«
(zflf} 575, dk}, bf}, dm} 1152 bQ)
zbcv™i mczfp dhb ufhft
mrfbhD  ˆv nfsK k]fv mndusl (bhhDsk) bfmfp
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190

iVskb. zk}iv dbu sofsÛ
dIsv
ˆsn
‰
bfmfspvƒ ƒmfmdk jvskb. (hc}, mc}, dm}

1150 bQ) zkˆh hcUf sot sp, ˆj bfmfspv iÇyfsk zbA bfmfp iVf slfNfhr W zwcÝ

bq. nckvfQ
…ÙÁ
s[sÛ
kvkDshv Wqfsuh
…ïQOb bf jsv spfrsvv jfpf bfmfp
zfnsvv ufmfzfsk isV sbWqfƒ …Ùm.
i[f§Àsv mrfbhD  ˆv ˆƒ rflDn ªpJb bfmfp JfVf rq, kJb Ivp (hf snƒ)
bfmfp YfVf zbA sjfb bfmfp sbƒ.« (hc} dhbf nbsl, Ihf} 2/174, mc} 710 bQ, zf} 2/352,
iamcJ) ˆv zKG rt ufmfzfk JfVf rst Ivp hf (‰ bfmfp kfsj iVsk rst) ‰ bfmfsp
wfdmt rWqf YfVf ixKj jsv sjfb bIt hf ncâk bfmfp iVf ShL bq. zKGf{ ƒjfmskv
iv zfv sjfb ncâk hf bIt bfmfp wcÝ
rsh bf. rflDsnv hAfJAfkfoB
ˆv™iƒ hAfJAf
jsvsYb. (slJcb, wvùb bWhD 5/221, Ihf} 2/175, zfmf} 4/101) ˆJfsb ˆj bfmfspv
ufmfzfsk zbA bfmfspv dbqk jsv bfmfp rsh bf -sn …sÜwA bq.
(ˆ
hAfifsv
ƒmfmdkv
dhhvBW ûóhA.) kfYfVf
ƒmfm-mcÙÁflDv dbqk dHâ rstW sp …Hsqv bfmfp wcÝ,
kf
iCshGƒ iadkifdlk rsqsY.

ˆˆw
wffvv u
uffmmffz
zffssk
k mmffoossvvsshhvv bbffmmffpp
mfosvh jfpf svsJ sj… mndusl ˆst ˆhQ ˆwfv ufmfzfk wcv¢ slJst sn
mfosvshv jfpf zflfq jvfv dbqsk wfdmt rsh. zk}iv kfv dkb vfjzfk iVf rst
hsn pfsh. ƒmfm kfwfrùsl hnst kfv nsÌ
kfwfrùl zfdl isV ƒmfsmv nfsK nftfm
dIvsh. (ƒhsb hfp, djlf} 96ix})
i[f§Àsv ƒmfsmv ˆj vfjzfk rsq pfWqfv iv ufmfzfsk wfdmt rst ƒmfsmv
nfsKƒ nftfm dIvst 3 vfjzfk mfosvshv jfpf zflfq rsq pfsh. zk}iv …sE
ˆjfjD ˆwfv bfmfp iVsh. zKhf zbA stfj Kfjst däkDq ufmfzfsk isV sbsh.
zbcv™iHfsh sj… zfnsvv bfmfp jfpf svsJ mndusl ˆsn mfosvshv ufmfzfk JfVf
slJst zfnv jfpf iVfv dbqsk wfdmt rsh. zk}iv ƒmfm nftfm dIvst sn zfv ˆj
vfjzfk …sE iCBG 4 vfjzfk zfnsvv bfmfp zflfq jsv sbsh. (Iƒ} 1/310) isv
ˆjfjD zKhf däkDq ufmfzfsk mfosvh iVsh.

k
kvvk
kDDhh j
jJJbb ddhhsshhyyAA bbqq??
ufmfzfsk wfdmt rsq jfpf bfmfp iVfv iv nmq zHfsh sp bfmfp ˆjfjD hf däkDq
ufmfzfsk zflfq jvf n©Hh bq, sn bfmfp ufmfzfskƒ zflfq jvf uv¢vD. zfv ˆ
s[sÛ
kvkDh dhshyA bq. spmb, sj… ucmzfv bfmfp iVsk ˆsn ufmfzfk JfVf slsJ
kfv Iusvv bfmfp jfpf zfsY kf msb iVt. ˆJb kvkDh hufq svsJ ufmfzfsk
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191

Iusvv jfpf zflfq jvfv dbqsk wfdmt rst isv ˆjfjD hf däkDq ufmfzfsk
ucmzfv bfmfp iVf n©Hh bq. zkˆh kJb sn ucmzfr iVfv dbqskƒ ufmfzfsk
wfdmt rsh ˆhQ kfv ivƒ Iusvv bfmfp jfpf iVsk ifvsh. (mcm} 2/141)
klbcv™i hkGmfb bfmfspv zÙÁX yst pfWqfv zfwËf rstW kvkDh dhshyA bq.
spmb,
ˆj hAdÙÁ
Iusvv bfmfp iVsk
ˆmb
nmq
…Et pJb nCpG
…Esk ystsY.
ˆƒ
nmq kfv msb iVt sp, kfv ˆwfv bfmfp jfpf zfsY. kJb jfpf iVsk sost nCpG …sE
pfsh ˆhQ Iusvv bfmfpW jfpf rsq pfsh. nckvfQ lc'sef bfmfpsj jfpf bf jsv
Iusvv bfmfp kfv pKf (swN) nmsq zflfq jsv kfviv ˆwfv bfmfp jfpf iVsh.
(mcm} 2/140-141, kcƒ} 66ix}, mh} 5/297)
ˆjƒHfsh zfnsvv bfmfspv swN nmsq spfrv jfpf zfsY msb iVst, zfnv zfso
isV kfviv spfrv iVsk rsh. pfsk zfnvW jfpf bf rsq pfq.
hkGmfb bfmfp iVsk wcv¢ jvfv iv zKhf isV sbWqfv iv iCshGv bfmfp jfpf zfsY
msb iVst zfv kvkDh dhshyA bq. Hcstv ubA kf [mfrG rsh; LkGhA rsh bf. zkˆh
hkGmfb bfmfp swN jsv jfpf bfmfp isV dbsk rsh. (mh} 5/297)

j
jffppff ……mmvvDD W
W bbffmmffssppvv j
jffI
IIXI
X ffvvff
iCshGƒ zfstfdyk rsqsY sp, ƒ¤Yfjxk bfmfp kAfo jvst sn bfmfspv jfpf sbƒ.
zkˆh kWhfv iv jfpf …mvD hst wvDqsk sjfb bfmfp sbƒ. dhLfq kf dhlzfk.
zhwA ˆƒ kWhfjfvD hAdÙÁv
…dyk, shwD shwD jsv bIt bfmfp iVf
ˆhQ zbAfbA
bIt
ƒhflkW shwD shwD jsv jvf. (djlf} 2/42) kfv ubA Wqfsuh ˆƒ sp, sn nhGlf
bfmfp kAfo jvfv ‰ zhsrtfiCBG ifi W [dkv jKf msb svsJ kfv iadkjfsvv …sÜswA
(bIt
ƒhflskv mfLAsm) nlf nsykb Kfjsh. n©Hhk} kfv ‰ rfdvsq slWqf dlsbv
djYc [dkiCvB zuGb rsq pfsh. (mcm} 2/135)
vnCt  hstb, ªdjqfmskv dlb hf¦lfv dbje sKsj kfv zfmtnmCsrv msLA sp
zfmstv drnfh nhGfsoa sbWqf rsh, kf rt bfmfp. bfmfp dEj rst sn idvÛfB W
nItkf tfH jvsh. bsy{ (bfmfp dEj bf rst) L¶Qn W [dkoa²À rsh. nckvfQ
(drnfshv nmq) Ivp bfmfsp sjfb jmdk slJf sost zfïfr kfhfvfjf zkfzftf
dIdvñfslv
…sÜswA htshb, `slJ, zfmfv hf¦lfv sjfb bIt (bfmfp) zfsY dj bf.'
zkˆh kfv bIt bfmfp äfvf Ivp bfmfspv Ofedk iCvB jvf rsh. zk}iv zfsvf
njt zfmstv drnfh zbcv™i oarB jvf rsh.« (nzflf} 770, ndk} 337, nƒmf} 117bQ, nkf} 1/185)
i[f§Àsv sp hAdÙÁv bfmfp zdb¤Yf nsÙ¶W Ycse pfq, kfv ubA jfpf zfsY. zfïfr
hf¦lfv z§Àsvv Jhv vfsJb. kfv msb zhsrtf W SwdKtA bf Kfjst dkdb kfv jfpf
oarB jvshb. diaq bhD  hstb, ª(ˆƒ jfpf zflfq jvf YfVf) ˆv ubA zfv zbA
sjfb jfIXIfvf sbƒ.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 603bQ)
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192

i[f§Àsv jfpf zflfq jvfv nmq W ncspfo bf sist sjfb ifi rq bf. nckvfQ ˆ jKf
nc±ió
rq sp, mvsBv nmq zKhf isv shbfmfpD zKhf djYc bfmfp kAfojfvDv kvI
sKsj bfmfp-Jàsbv …sÜswA vfjzfk drnfh jsv jfIXIfvf
öv™i djYc lfb-Jqvfk
ƒkAfdl jvf dbvKGj W db°It. hvQ ˆƒ …sÜswA ifi-Jàsbv ‰ zbcôfb W iaKf ˆj
dhlzfk. (ƒntfùt mfnfdul, zfïfmf zfthfbDv eDjf nr …lcG kuGmf} 296ix}, zfrjfmct ufbfƒp, zfthfbD 174, 275ix}, mc'ufmct
dhlf' 164ix}) htf hfùtA ˆmb ifi[ftsbv vDdk skf zmcndtmslv; pfvf ƒqf hV hV ifi
jsv sjfb ifdbsk Fch dlst zKhf djYc zKG hAq jvst db°ifi rsq dIsv zfsn!

u
uffmmffz
zffk
k nn©©i
ijjDDGqGq mmffnnffssqqt
t
ƒntfm ufmfzfkhÝ uDhb iY¦l jsv; ziY¦l jsv dhd¤Yâkfsj. jfvB, wfd§À W
wx£Jtf vsqsY ufmfzfsk. zfv bfmfp ˆjde dhwft ƒhflk. (dwð, ‡kcmkD mdrtf W
ifot YfVf) bfmfp iVskW rq nmfsuv njt swaBDv nHAsj. kfƒ nmdóokHfsh ˆƒ
ƒhflskv ubAW ˆjde ncwx£Jt dbqm-bDdkv iasqfub dYt. dhdLhÝ rt ufmfzfk.
i]fy zÙÁ bfmfp Ivp rq ƒnvf' W dm'vfsuv vfsÛ. dEj kfv isvv dlb spfrsvv
nmq duhvDt  diaq bhD -sj dbsq ufmfzfk nrjfsv iaKm bfmfp isVb.
zbcv™iHfsh mcndtmvfW mrfbhD -ˆv iÇyfsk l]fdVsq k]fv zbcnvB jsvb. zfv
duhvDstv ƒmfmdkv iv mrfbhD  mÄf mcjfvGfmfq sjfb sjfb nfrfhDsj dbsq jJsbf
jJsbf ufmfzfk nrjfsv bfmfp zflfq jsvsYb. dj§Â mlDbfq druvk jvfv iv
ufmfzfk ˆjde hfdÒk dbqm W ƒntfmD iakDjv™si Èv¢k¶ sit. zfv njt bfmfpDsj
ufmfzfkhÝ W umfsqk jvfv ubA dhdLhÝ rt zfpfb.
ƒntfmD wvDqskv ˆjde mfrfk¹A ˆƒ sp, kfv dhdHâ ƒhflsk ufmfzfk W ƒudkmf
dhdLhÝ vsqsY. pf zfnst ˆj ˆjde ns©mtb. sp ns©mtsb mcndtm dbqdmkHfsh
umfsqk rq. kfsk kfvf ˆj zisvv zh²¿f ufbsk ifsv. ˆsj zbAsj …islw dlsk
ifsv. sjfb Èv¢k¶iCBG dhNsq ntf-ivfmwG jvsk ifsv. …id²¿k nmnAfv ndEj nmfLfb
zbcnáfsbv …sÜswA iv±iv nrspfdokf jvsk ifsv. ˆj nfsK hsn iv±iv mk-
dhdbmq jvsk ifsv.
ufmfzfsk …id²¿k rsq zÎ hAdÙÁ ƒntfmD Îfb tfH jvsk ifsv. ldvû nfrfpA
sisk ifsv. ‰sjAv mrfdmtb slsJ mcndtsmv r™lq bvm rsq Kfsj. iajfw ifq
ƒntfmD wfb-wWjk, nmkf, nrfbcHCdk W nrmdmGkf.
ufmfzfsk sHsÌ ycvmfv rq hBG-ShNsmAv njt iafyDv. ˆjfjfv rq njt ufk-
ifk. zfmDv-ovDh, zfkvfI-zfwvfI, hflwf-IjDsvv sjfb sHlfsHl sbƒ ˆJfsb.
ƒntfmD ëfkxk¶shfsLv mrfb zflswGv zdHhAdÙÁ Ose ˆƒ ufmfzfsk.
nmqfbchdkGkf, dbqmfbchdkGkf, ncwx£Jtkf ˆƒ ufmfzfskv mrfb ShdwóA. nHA ufdkv
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zflwG dw[f tfH rq ˆƒ icb} icb} ƒudkmfq.

ufmfzfsk …id²¿k rsq ˆsj zisvv slJfsldJ zfïfrv ƒhflskv ubA
iadkspfdokfmCtj mb-mfbdnjkf nxdó rq mcndtsmv.
ufmfzfskv ˆƒ mrf dmtbs[sÛ ƒntfmD n©iaDdkv sp nc¦lv W ncôc idvshw idvtd[k
rq, kfsk nfmfduj uDhsbv ytfv isK dbsusj ˆjfjD W znrfq shfL rq bf. msb
ufso JcwD, iafsB ufso …{Icïkf, ƒhflsk zfsn msbfspfo, …{nfr, …ÜDibf W ±ICdkG.
ƒntfm wfd§Àv LmG. wfd§À mcndtsmv jfmA. ziv Hfsqv nfsK nf[f{ rst …Hq
mcndtm ˆj zisvv ubA wfd§À jfmbf jsv lczf dlsq Kfsj. `zfnX-nftfmc zftfƒjcm,
zzftfƒjcmnc nftfm' htfv mfLAsm zfïfrv kvI sKsj ˆhQ …Hsqv r™lq-msbW
wfd§À tfH rq ˆƒ ufmfzfsk rfduv rst.

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bfmfu ufmfzfk nrjfsv zflfq jvf Wqfsuh. dhLfq dhbf Wusv ufmfzfk kAfo
jvf jfhDvfr sofbfr. mrfb zfïfr hstb,
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zKGf{, skfmvf bfmfp jfsqm jv, pfjfk zflfq jv ˆhQ v¢jCjfdvosBv nfsK v¢jC
jv. (jc} 2/43)
hvQ ufmfzfsk bfmfp bf iVst bfmfp jhct bfW rsk ifsv. diaq bhD  hstb, ªsp
hAdÙÁ zfpfb swfsb zKy (mndusl ufmfzfsk) …id²¿k rq bf, sn hAdÙÁv sjfb Wuv
YfVf (Osv bfmfp iVstW kfv) bfmfpƒ rq bf.« (ƒmf}, ƒdr}, rf} 1/245, nkf} 422bQ)
ªsp hAdÙÁ mczfpdpsbv (zfpfb) swfsb ˆhQ sjfb Wuv (Hq zKhf zncJ) kfsj
ufmfzfsk …id²¿k rsk hfLf bf slq, kfrst sp bfmfp sn isV sn bfmfp jhct rq
bf.« (zflf} 551bQ)
ªsp sjfb oafm hf mv¢-zÑst dkbub stfj hfn jvst ˆhQ snJfsb (ufmfzfsk)
bfmfp jfsqm bf jvf rst wqkfb kfslv …iv iaHck¶ dh²Àfv jsv sIst. nckvfQ
skfmvf ufmfzfkhÝ rW. zbAKf Yfo ifstv mLA rsk sbjsV snƒ Yfotdesj Lsv
Jfq, sp (ift sKsj) lCsv lCsv Kfsj.« (zf}, zflf} 511, bf}, ƒdr}, rf} 1/245, nkf} 422bQ)
pfvf bfmfspv ufmfzfsk mndusl rfduv rq bf, mrfbhD  kfslv Ov-hfdV u¶fdtsq
slWqfv ƒ¤Yf sifNB jsvdYstb.
rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf
rsk hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªmcbfdIjslv is[
nhsysq HfvD bfmfp rt ˆwf W Iusvv bfmfp. ‰ lcƒ bfmfspv dj mfrfk¹A zfsY, kf
pdl kfvf ufbk, kfrst rfmfocdV dlsq rstW zhwAƒ kfsk …id²¿k rk. zfmfv ƒ¤Yf
dYt sp, jf…sj bfmfspv ƒjfmk dlsk zfslw dlƒ, zk}iv ˆjubsj bfmfp iVskW
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194

ùjcm jdv, zk}iv ˆmb ˆjlt stfj nsÌ jsv dbƒ; pfslv nfsK Kfjsh jfsEv shfUf.
kfslv dbsq ˆmb n©ialfsqv dbje pfƒ, pfvf bfmfsp rfduv rq bf. zk}iv kfslvsj
Osv svsJƒ kfslv OvhfdVsj zfÈb tfdosq icdVsq dlƒ.« (hc} 657, mc} 651bQ)
rpvk …nfmf dhb pfql
jkxj G hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªstfsjvf
ufmfzfk kAfo jvf rsk zhwA zhwAƒ dhvk srfj, bsy{ zfdm zhwAƒ kfslv Ov-
hfdV u¶fdtsq slh.« (ƒmf}, nkf} 430bQ)
sjfb zá mfbcNsjW mrfbhD  ufmfzfsk zbcid²¿k sKsj Osv bfmfp iVfv
zbcmdk slbdb. zá nfrfhD zfècïfr dhb …s©m mfjkCm
mrfbhD -ˆv lvhfsv
zfvu jvstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! mndusl rfk Lsv dbsq pfWqfv mk zfmfv …ipcÙÁ
mfbcN sbƒ. kfYfVf mlDbfq iaycv drQna iafBD (nfi-dhYf-sbjsV iaHdx k) vsqsY.
(mnduslv isK zá mfbcsNv Hq rq). nckvfQ zfmfv ubA Osv bfmfp iVfv zbcmdk
rsh dj?' zfïfrv bhD  k]fv Wuv ðsb k]fsj Osv bfmfp iVfv zbcmdk dlstb.
dkdb yst spsk tfost mrfbhD  k]fsj sFsj htstb, ªdj§Â kcdm dj zfpfb `rfƒqAf
zftfn n¶ftfr, rfƒqAf zftft Iftfr' ðbsk ifW.« dkdb …Ùsv htstb, `uD r]Af.'
mrfbhD  htstb, ªkfrst kcdm (mndusl) …id²¿k rW, skfmfv ubA sjfb zbcmdk
ifd¤Y bf.« (mc}, zflf} 552, 553bQ)
pcsÝv mqlfsb wÛ¢lstv n©mcsJW ufmfzfk mfI bq. mrfb zfïfr dhdLhÝ jvstb
n¶ftfsk JWI. (jc} 4/102) ufmfzfk nrjfsv bfmfp ˆjf§À hfdÒk W uv¢vD jkGhA bf
rst ‰ HDNB nmsq mvsBv mcsJ dkdb kf mfI jvskb.
klbcv™i ufmfzfk hfdÒk hstƒ iasqfusb bfmfp umf jsv iVf dhdLhÝ jvf rsqsY.
mnduslv isK wÛ¢v Hq rst, iaycv Efàf hf hxdó rst zKhf nIsv Kfjst spfrv-zfnv
ˆhQ mfosvh-ˆwfsj umf jsv iVfv zbcmdk slWqf rsqsY ufmfzfskv IpDtk tfH
jvfv ubAƒ.
ufmfzfk kAfo jvf mcdmsbv ÈB bq; hvQ kf mcbfdIsjv ÈB. mrfb zfïfr ˆslv
ÈB hBGbf jsv hstb,
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zKGf{, ---Wvf (mcbfsIjvf) bfmfsp SwdKstAv nfsK rfduv rq ˆhQ zdb¤YfjxkHfshƒ
lfb jsv Kfsj. (jc} 9/54)
dhswN jsv ˆwf W Iusvv bfmfp mcbfsIsjv ubA zdLj HfvD. zfv ˆjKf iCshG ˆj
rflDsn zfstfdyk rsqsY.
ƒhsb …mfv
hstb, `zfmvf pJb sjfb stfjsj Iusvv bfmfsp zbcid²¿k
slJkfm, kJb kfv iadk jcLfvBf jvkfm.' (k¶fh, ƒzfwf}, hfp}, mfpf} 2/40)
ƒhsb mfn†l
hstb, `sp hAdÙÁ jft zfïfrv nfsK mcndtm rsq nf[f{ jvsk
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195

zfb¦lshfL jsv kfv …dyk, spJfsb zfrhfb jvf rq snJfsb (zKGf{ mndusl) ‰
bfmfpocdtv drIfpk jvf. zhwAƒ zfïfr kfzftf skfmfslv bhDv ubA hù srlfqfskv
iK W zflwG dhdLhÝ jsvsYb ˆhQ ‰ (bfmfp)Èdt srlfqfskv iK W zflswGv
z§ÀHÙ cG Á. pdl skfmvf skfmfslv öoxsr bfmfp isV bfW; spmb ˆƒ iÇyflXofmD kfv
öoxsr bfmfp isV Kfsj, kfrst skfmvf skfmfslv bhDv zflwG W kvDjf huGb jsv
sItsh. zfv pdl skfmvf skfmfslv bhDv zflwG W kvDjf huGb jsv sIt, kfrst
skfmvf ëó rsq pfsh. sp hAdÙÁ nc¦lvHfsh idhÛkf zuGb (Wpc) jsv ˆƒ
mndulnmCsrv sjfb mnduslv iadk (spsk) iahÙ x rq, zfïfr kfv iaskAj ils[siv
idvhskG ˆjde jsv sbjD dtdihÝ jsvb, ˆv l¶fvfq kfsj ˆj mpfGlfq …âDk jsvb W
ˆv l¶fvfq kfv ˆjde ifi rafn jsvb. zfmvf slsJdY sp, dhdlk jiekfv jie
(mcbfdIj) YfVf bfmfp sKsj sj… iÇyfsk Kfjk bf. zfv mfbcNsj lcde stfsjv
j]fsL Hv jsv r]fdesq ˆsb jfkfsv JfVf jvf rk.' (mc} 654bQ)
rpvk Wnmfb dhb zfIXIfb
jkxj G hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁv
mndusl Kfjf zh²¿fq zfpfb rq, zk}iv dhbf sjfb iasqfusb shv rsq pfq ˆhQ dIsv
zfnfv ƒ¤Yf bf vfsJ, sn hAdÙÁ mcbfdIj.« (ƒmf}, nkf}157bQ)
pfvf zfrhfbjfvD mczfpXspsbv zfpfsb nfVf dlsq ufmfzfsk …id²¿k rq bf,
djqfmsk kfslv dhswN zh²¿f W wfd²À vsqsY. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

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zKGf{, spdlb ilbftD …¦mcÙÁ jvf rsh ˆhQ Wslvsj dnulf jvfv ubA zfrhfb jvf
rsh, dj§Â Wvf kf jvsk n[m rsh bf. rDbkfoa²À rsq Wvf Wslv lxdó zhbk jvsh.
zKy pJb Wvf nc²¿ W öfHfdhj zh²¿fq dYt, kJb skf Wslvsj dnulf jvsk zfrhfb
jvf rsqdYt. (jc} 68/42-43) (hc} 4919 bQ)
ˆmb dj mndusl ufmfzfsk …id²¿k sKsj mczfpdpsbv zfpfb ðsbW sp mndul
sKsj shv rsq pfq, sn zfïfrv bhDv zhfLA W bfIvmfbv™si idvodBk rq. ˆjlf
mndusl zfpfb rst ˆj hAdÙÁ snJfb sKsj …sE yst spsk tfot. sn mndul sKsj
shv rsq bf pfWqf ipG§À zfhC ùvfƒvf
kfv dlsj dbdbGsmN lxdósk kfdjsq Kfjstb.
idvswsN dkdb htstb, `zfnst ˆ hAdÙÁ skf zfhCt jfsnm -ˆv bfIvmfbD jvt.'
(mc} 655bQ) zfv ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfr W kf]v vnCstv bfIvmfbD jsv, sn
zfnst ±ióv™si ëó rsq pfq.« (jc} 33/36)
zhwA pdl sj… kfv uv¢vD jfsu; spmb, ianafh-ifqJfbf hf WpC jvsk mnduslv
hfƒsv pfq, kfrst kf bfIvmfbDv zfWkfHcÙÁ bq. (mfumC… IfkfWqf ƒhsb …NfƒmDb 12/200)
zfïfrv bhD -ˆv nfrfhfoBW Ivp bfmfspv ubA ufmfzfsk …id²¿k rWqfsj
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196

Wqfsuh msb jvskb.

zfècïfr dhb mfn†l
hstb, `zfmvf slsJdY sp, dhdlk jiekfv jie (mcbfdIj)
YfVf (ufmfzfsk) bfmfp sKsj sj… iÇyfsk Kfjk bf.' (mcndtm 654bQ)
zfècïfr dhb mfn†l, zfhC mCnf zfwzfvD, zftD dhb zfhD kfsth, zfhC ùvfƒvf,
zfsqwf W ƒhsb zfêfn  hstb, `sp hAdÙÁ zfpfb swfsb zKy (mndusl ufmfzfsk)
…id²¿k rq bf, sn hAdÙÁv sjfb Wuv YfVf (Osv bfmfp iVstW kfv) bfmfpƒ rq bf.'
(dk} 217bQ, pfmf} )
ƒhsb zfêfn
-sj ˆj hAdÙÁ n©isjG duÎfnf jvf rt, sp hAdÙÁ svfpf vfsJ,
kfrfÏcl isV; dj§Â ufmfzfk W ucmzfq rfduv rq bf. …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `ˆ
zh²¿fq mfvf sost sn ufrfâfmhfnD rsh!' (dk} 218bQ, ˆdev nbl lchtG )
zfk¶f dhb zfhD vfhfr (v}) hstb, `zfïfrv nxdó sjfb wrv hf oafmhfnDv ubA ˆ
zbcmdk sbƒ sp, sn zfpfb swfbfv iv ufmfzfsk bfmfp kAfo jsv.'
rfnfb hfnvD (v}) hstb, `jfsvf zf©mf pdl kfsj mfqf jsv ˆwfv bfmfp ufmfzfsk
iVsk hfvB jsv, kfrst sn kfv ‰ hfvB ðbsh bf.' (hc})
zfWpfqD (v}) hstb, `ucmzfr W ufmfzfk kAfo jvfv hAfifsv dikfv zfbcokA
sbƒ, yfsr sn zfpfb ðbsk ifj, zfv bf-ƒ ifj.'
zhwA susb vfJf Hft sp, sp hAdÙÁ ufmfzfk YfVfƒ bfmfp isV, kfv bfmfp ðÝ rsq
pfq. dj§Â ufmfzfk kAfo jvfv ubA sn (jfhDvf) sofbfrofv rq. ksh kfv ‰ bfmfp
jhct rWqf W bf rWqfv hAfifv skf zfïfrv jfsY. (mfvf} 172ix})
ufmfzfskv zfnt mpGflf dYt ntsI nfstrDsbv jfsY. k]fvf ufmfzfskv ˆk Èv¢k¶
dlskb sp, kf Ycse sost zKhf bó rsq sost sj… sj… sj]sl sItskb. ˆsj zivsj
slJf jsv nf§Àbf dlskb.
nf„l dhb zfèct zfpDp ufmfzfk Ycse sost j]flskb.
rfskm zft-zfnf©mX hstb, `ˆjlf zfmfv ˆj bfmfspv ufmfzfk Ycse sot. ˆv
ubA zfhC ƒnrfj hcJfvD zfmfsj slJf jvsk ˆstb. zKy zfmfv sjfb sYst mfvf
sost lw rfufsvvW shwD stfj zfmfsj slJf jvsk zfnk. sjb bf, mfbcsNv dbje
lcdbqfv mnDhskv kctbfq äDsbv mnDhk sbrfkƒ rfîf.'
bfmfspv ufmfzfk sjfbÛÁsmƒ k]fslv dbje sjfb ifdKGh dudbsnv nmkctA dYt bf;
sp kc¤Y dudbsnv iÇyfsk zfmvf zsbj s[sÛ tftnfv dbvtn iasyóf dbsq zsi[mfB
Kfdj. pfv ubA jJsbf hf bfmfp pKf nmsq iVsk ifdv bf. sj… hf kfvƒ ubA mCstƒ
bfmfp kAfo jsv hsn. hAhnf-hfdBuA, jfu-jfvhfv, sJtfLCtf, nvovm mudtsn
zfsuhfsu o¬i, vfuSbdkj idvj¬ibf, nQhfl W nmD[f iaHxdk bfmfspv ufmfzfk;
jJsbf hf bfmfp bó jsv sIst hkGmfb pcsov hù nQJAj mfbcsNv!
ˆjlf mfƒmCb dhb dmrvfb mndusl ˆstb. slJstb, bfmfp swN rsq sost bfmfpDvf
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197

mndul sKsj dIsv sosY. ˆ slsJ dkdb htstb, `ƒâf dtïfdr zƒâf ƒtfƒdr vfdu†b!
zhwAƒ zfmfv dbje ˆƒ ufmfzfskv mpGflf ƒvfsjv vfuk¶ zsi[f swaô.'
ƒ…bcn dhb zfècïfr hstb, `zfmfv dj rt sp, mcvoD bó rst zfdm kfv ubA lc}dJk
rh, zKy bfmfp (ufmfzfk) bó rst kfv ubA lc}dJk rh bf?'
ntsI nfstrDb zLDv zfoasr zsi[fv iv zfpfb ðbst mndusl pfWqfv ubA
iadkspfdokf ðv¢ jvskb. pfsk ƒmfsmv nfsK kfjhDsv kfrvDmf Ycse bf pfq, kfv
dhswN sJqft vfJskb.
nf„l dhb mcnfƒsqh hstb, `iÑfw hYv Lsv zfmfv bfmfspv iaKm kfjhDv Ycsedb!
zfv iÑfw hYv Lsv bfmfsp sjfb mfbcsNv diE sldJdb.' zKGf{, iÑfw hYv pfh{ dkdb
iaKm jfkfsvƒ bfmfp isVsYb!
zjD' dhb ufvGfr hstb, `iafq nÙv hYv Lsv zf'mfswv iaKm kfjhDv Ycse db!'
ƒhsb nfmfzfr hstb, `sp dlb zfmfv zf©mf mfvf pfb, sn dlb YfVf ydïw hYv Lsv
zfmfv iaKm kfjhDv Ycse db!' (Ifpfdqtc zNfmfvfkcn n¶ftfdk mfzft ufmfzfr 6ix})
ƒhvfrDm bfJqD hstb, `pJb sjfb mfbcNsj slJsh, sn iaKm kfjhDsvv hAfifsv
zhsrtf ialwGb jvsY, kJb kcdm kfv hAfifsv rfk Lcsq bfW.'
zfèct zfpDp dhb mfvWqfb zflh dw[f slWqfv …sÜswA k]fv sYst …mfvsj mlDbfq
ifEfstb. zfv kfv slJfswfbf jvfv ubA nfstr dhb jfqnfbsj dydE dtJstb. dkdb
kfsj bfmfp iVsk hfLA jvskb. ˆjdlb sn ˆj bfmfsp disY sKsj sost dkdb kfsj
duÎfnf jvstb, `sj skfmfsj zfesj svsJdYt?' …mfv htt, `zfmfv lfnD zfmfv yct
zf]yVfd¤Yt.' dkdb htstb, `hAfifv ˆk lCv odVsq sot sp, skfmfv yct zf]yVfsbf
skfmfv bfmfpsj iaHfhfd¦hk jsv sItt?' ˆviv sn jKf ufdbsq dkdb kfv zfêf
(zfèct zfpDp)sj dydE dtJstb. kf susb zfèct zfpDp ˆjde lCk ifEfstb ˆhQ
sjfb jKf htfv zfsoƒ sn lCk …mfsvv mfKf sbVf jsv dlt! (dnzfbc} 5/116)
sp hAdÙÁ mndusl ufmfzfk nrjfsv bfmfp iVsk zfnk bf kfsj mÄfv zfmDv
zfÙfh dhb …nfƒl …mfhD
kfv olGfb …dVsq slWqfv Lmdj dlskb. (ofqfkct mfvfm,
ƒpXpÜ
c Db rfswmD 1/18-19)
rpvk zftD
iakAr vf²Àfq ifv rWqfv nmq `zfnX-n¶ftfk, zfnX-n¶ftfk' hst
stfsjslvsj Iusvv bfmfspv ubA ufofskb. (kfvDJct ƒntfm, pfrfhD 650ix}) spmb
zfuW n†lD zfvsh zfpfb rstƒ dbdlGó zdIsnv dbpcÙÁ stfj ‰ ˆjƒ jKf hst
bfmfspv ubA slfjfb-ife há jvsk kfjDl jsv Kfsj. kfsk mcndtmvf nfsK nfsK
slfjfb há jsv mndusl pfq. zfv mcbfdIj W jfsIvvf pfq dbu dbu hfnfq. zfv
bfmfspv nmqecjc há Kfsj nm²À slfjfb-ife.
htfƒ hfùtA sp, k]fslv W zfmfslv mfsU ifKGjA vsqsY dhvfe. k]fslv dbje bfmfspv
Èv¢k¶ zfmfslv kctbfq zsbj shwD. k]fslv dYt zfoar, zfwf W zdLj nWqfh tfsHv
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hfnbf. i[f§Àsv zfmfslv mfsU zfsY ifdKGh siam W lcdbqf tfsHv jfmbf. kfƒ zfmvf
bfmfspv …iv lcdbqfsjƒ iafLfbA dlsq Kfdj, zfmfslv dbje Èv¢k¶ ifq ifdKGh sHfo-
dhtfn W kfv ubA jmG-hA²Àkf.
zhwA ˆ jKf htf zkcAdÙÁ bq sp, zfmfslv ufmfzfsk rfduv rsq bfmfp bf iVf
zfmfslv lchtG „mfsbv idvyfqj. zfmfslv r™lsq zfïfrv sn kf'pDm sbƒ, zfïfrv
iadk sn siam, HdÙÁ W Hq sbƒ, k]fv zfslw W zdLjfv iftsb sn zfoar W …{nfr
sbƒ, kfƒ zfmvf ˆmb SwdKtA ialwGb jvsk tÏfW jdv bf.

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ÎfbD bfmfpDsj ufmfzfsk …id²¿k rsq bfmfp zflfq jvsk zbciafdBk W …{nfdrk
rWqf …dyk.
ufmfzfsk rfduv rsq pfvf zfïfrv Ov mndul zfhfl vfsJ, kfvf srlfqfkiafå;
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zKGf{, zfnst kfvfƒ zfïfrv mndulnmCr zfhfl jsv, pfvf zfïfr W ivjfstv
iadk „mfb vfsJ, bfmfp jfsqm jsv, pfjfk ialfb jsv ˆhQ zfïfr hAkDk zbA
jf…sj Hq jsv bf. zfv zfwf jvf pfq, kfvfƒ rt srlfqfk-iafå. (jc} 9/18)
ufmfzfsk …id²¿dk slfpJ W mcbfsIjD sKsj mcdÙÁ slq; mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
zfïfrv n§ÂdótfsHv …sÜswA 40 dlb ufmfzfsk bfmfp zflfq jvsh ˆhQ kfsk
kfrvDmfv kjhDvW ifsh, (snƒ hAdÙÁv ubA lcde mcdÙÁ dtJf rsh; slfpJ sKsj mcdÙÁ
ˆhQ mcbfsIjD sKsj mcdÙÁ.« (dk}, nkf} 404bQ)
ufmfzfsk …id²¿k bfmfpDslvsj dbsq mrfb zfïfr k]fv dIdvñfnHfq ohG jsvb.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmvf ncnQhfl oarB jv. ˆƒ sp skfmfslv iftbjkGf zfnmfsbv
lvufnmCsrv ˆjde lvuf Jcst k]fv dIdvñfmàtDv jfsY skfmfslvsj dbsq ohG jvsYb;
htsYb, `skfmvf zfmfv hf¦lfslv iadk t[A jv, kfvf ˆj Ivp (bfmfp) zflfq
jsvsY ˆhQ zbA ˆj Ivp zflfsqv ubA zsi[f jvsY. (zf}, ƒmf} 801bQ)
mrfb zfïfr ufmfzfskv bfmfp slsJ mcÊ rb. mrfbhD  hstb, ªufmfzfskv
bfmfsp zfïfr mcÊ rb.« (zf}, dnn} 1652bQ)
ufmfzfsk …id²¿k rsq bfmfp zflfq jvst ˆjfjDv kctbfq 25 sKsj 27 ÈB
nWqfh shwD ifWqf pfq. mrfbhD  hstb, ªicv¢sNv ufmfzfk nrjfsv bfmfspv mfb
ˆjfjD bfmfspv mfb zsi[f 27 ÈB zdLj.« (hc}, mc}, iamcJ nuf} 3820bQ)
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199

zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªˆjfjDv bfmfp zsi[f ufmfzfskv bfmfp nfkfw ocB
…Ùm.« (hcJfvD 645bQ, mcndtm 650bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªicv¢sNv öoxsr hf kfv hAhnfs[sÛ bfmfp iVfv sysq
(mndusl) ufmfzfsk wfdmt rsq bfmfp iVfv nWqfh i]dyw ocB shdw. sjb bf, sp
pJb nc¦lvHfsh Wpc jsv sjht mfÛ bfmfp iVfv …sÜswAƒ mnduslv isK shv rq
kJb ytfmfÛ iaskAj ils[siv dhdbmsq kfsj ˆj-ˆjde mpGflfq …âDk jvf rq
ˆhQ kfv ˆj-ˆjde sofbfr smfyb jvf rq. zk}iv bfmfp zflfq n©iâ jsv pk[B
sn bfmfspv ²¿fsb hsn Kfsj kk[B dIdvñfhoG kfv ubA lczf jvsk Kfsj; `sr zfïfr
Wv iadk jv¢Bf hNGB jv. sr zfïfr! Wsj [mf jv. zfv sn hAdÙÁ pk[B bfmfspv
zsi[f jsv, kk[B spb bfmfspv zh²¿fskƒ Kfsj.« (hcJfvD 647bQ, mcndtm 649bQ,
zfhc lf…l, dkvdmpD, ƒhsb mfufr)
dkdb hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ bfmfspv ubA idviCBvG ™si Wpc jsv sjfb Ivp bfmfp iVfv
…sÜswA pfq ˆhQ kf stfsjslv nfsK zKGf{ ufmfzfk nrjfsv zKhf mndusl isV,
zfïfr kfv sofbfrnmCr mfI jsv slb.« (mc} 232bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ idviCBvG ™si Wpc jsv sjfb Ivp bfmfp zflfsqv …sÜswA
(mndusl) pfq, zk}iv kf ƒmfsmv nfsK zflfq jsv sn hAdÙÁv ifivfdw mfI rsq
pfq.« (ƒhsb Jcpfƒmfr, nrDr kfvoDh 401bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ öoxr sKsj WpC jsv sjfb Ivp bfmfp zflfsqv …sÜswA shv
rq, kfv nWqfh rt ƒrvfm h]fLf rfuDv mk.« (zflf} 558bQ)
ªsp hAdÙÁ ufmfzfsk sjfb Ivp bfmfp zflfsqv …sÜswA ifsq sr]se (mndusl) pfq,
sn hAdÙÁv nWqfh rq ˆjde rÏ jvfv mk ˆhQ sp hAdÙÁ sjfb bIt (yfsñv) bfmfp
iVfv ubA ifsq sr]se (mndusl) pfq, kfv nWqfh rq bIt …mvfr jvfv mk.« (zf},
hf}, k¶fh, nuf} 6556bQ)
htf hfùtA, sp hAdÙÁ öoxsr WpC jsv Ivp bfmfp zflfq jvfv ubA iakAr 5 hfv
mndusl pfq ˆhQ sn kfsk ‰ dhwft nWqfshv zfwf vfsJ, sn hAdÙÁ iaskAj dlb 5de
jsv; zKGf{ hYsv iafq 1800de rÏ jvfv nWqfh tfH jsv! zfv 60 hYsvv uDhsb
iafq 1 t[ 8 rfufv hfv rÏ jvf rq ˆjub mndul-HÙÁ bfmfpDv! zkˆh
zbfqfsn sn 60 hYsvƒ spb 108000 hYsvv uDhb tfH jsv Kfsj. hvQ ˆk hYv
h]fystW sn rqskf iaskAj hYv rÏ jvsk n[m rsh bf. dj§Â ufmfzfskv ‰ bfmfp
kfsj ˆk lDOG uDhb lfb jsv Kfsj.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªˆƒ bfmfspv ufmfzfsk zbcid²¿k hAdÙÁ pdl ufbk sp, kfsk
…id²¿k hAdÙÁv ubA jk nWqfh dbdrk vsqsY kfrst zhwAƒ sn rfsk-ifsq rfmfocdV
dlsqW rfduv rk. (k¶fh},nkf} 403bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªzfdm skfmfslvsj dj snƒ jKf hst slh bf; pfv lv¢b
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200

zfïfr sofbfrnmCrsj smfyb jsv slb ˆhQ mpGflf zfsvf …âk jsvb?« njst htt,
`zhwAƒ, sr zfïfrv vnCt!' dkdb htstb, ªjsóv nmq idviCBG Wpc jvf, mnduslv
dlsj zdLjfdLj ils[i jvf (ytf), zfv ˆj bfmfspv iv zfofmD bfmfspv zsi[f
jvf. …iv§Â ˆocstfƒ rt iadkv[f-hfdrbDv jfsuv bAfq, ˆocstfƒ rt iadkv[f-
hfdrbDv jfsuv bAfq, ˆocstfƒ rt iadkv[f-hfdrbDv jfsuv bAfq.« (mf}, mc} 251bQ,
dk}, bf}, ƒmf}, zbcv™i zsKG.)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªzfu vfsÛ zfmfv jfsY zfmfv iadkiftsjv ˆj lCk ˆsn
htstb, `sr mcrf©mfl! zfidb ufsbb dj, SbjeAiafå dIdvñfmàtD dj dbsq mksHl
jvsYb?' zfdm httfm, `r]Af, (k]fvf mksHl jvsYb) ifismfyb, mpGflfhLGb,
ufmfzfsk wfdmt rWqfv ubA ils[i, iayà Efàfv nmq idviCBvG ™si WpC ˆhQ
bfmfspv zsi[f dbsq. sp hAdÙÁ …ÙÁ jmGnmCr n©iflb jvsk pk´hfb rsh, sn hAdÙÁv
uDhb rsh jtAfBmq ˆhQ mvB rsh jtAfBmq. zfv sn kfv ifi sKsj idhÛ rsq snƒ
dlbjfv mk db°ifi rsh, spdlb kfv mf kfsj HCdmô jsvdYt.« (zf}, dk} 3233bQ)
ˆ hAfifsv zfsvf mfrfk¹A `mndusl pfWqfv mfrfk¹A' dwsvfbfsm ûóhA.
ufmfzfsk stfj pk shwD rsh kk shwD nWqfh tfH rsh bfmfpDslv. mrfbhD 
hstb, ª---ˆj hAdÙÁv sjfb zbA hAdÙÁv nfsK ufmfzfk jsv iVf bfmfp ˆjfjD iVf
bfmfp zsi[f zdLjkv …Ùm. zbcv™i zbA lcƒ hAdÙÁv nfsK ufmfzfk jsv iVf
bfmfp ˆj hAdÙÁv nfsK ufmfzfk jsv iVf bfmfp zsi[f zdLjkv …Ùm. ˆƒHfsh
ufmfzfskv stfj nQJAf pk zdLj rsh kkƒ zfïfr zfpXpf zufïfv dbje zdLj
diaq.« (zf}, zflf}, bf}, ƒJc}, ƒdr}, rf}, nkf} 406bQ)
dkdb hstb, ª1 usbv ƒmfmdksk 2 usbv bfmfp zfïfrv dbje ˆjfjD 4 usbv
bfmfp zsi[f swaôkv, 1 usbv ƒmfmdksk 4 usbv bfmfp zfïfrv dbje ˆjfjD 8
usbv bfmfp zsi[f swaôkv ˆhQ 1 usbv ƒmfmdksk 8 usbv bfmfp zfïfrv dbje
ˆjfjD 100 usbv bfmfp zsi[f swaôkv.« (hf}, hfp}, k¶fh}, nuf} 3836bQ)
dhswN jsv Iuv W ˆwfv bfmfp ufmfzfsk iVfv ixKj mfrfk¹A vsqsY.
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªstfsj pdl zfpfb W iaKm jfkfsvv mfrfk¹A ufbk
zk}iv kf tfsHv ubA tefdv jvf YfVf sjfb zbA …ifq bf sik kfrst tefdvƒ
jvk. zfv kfvf pdl (bfmfspv ubA mnduslv iadk) njft-njft zfnfv mfrfk¹A
ufbk, kfrst zhwAƒ kfv ubA iadkspfdokf jvk. zfv pdl ˆwf W Iusvv bfmfspv
mfrfk¹A kfvf ufbk, kfrst rfmfocdV dlsq ystW kfvf …Hq bfmfsp …id²¿k rk.«
(hc} 615bQ,mc} 437bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ˆwfv bfmfp ufmfzfskv nsÌ iVt, sn spb zLG vfdÛ (bIt)
bfmfp iVt. zfv sp hAdÙÁ Iusvv bfmfp ufmfzfskv nfsK iVt, sn spb icsvf vfdÛƒ
bfmfp iVt.« (mf}, mc} 656bQ, zflf})
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201

mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv ufmfzfskv bfmfp ˆjfjD bfmfspv kctbfq 25 ÈB

zdLj mpGflf vfsJ. zfv vfdÛ W dlsbv dIdvñf Iusvv bfmfsp ˆjdÛk rb.«
…ÙÁ rflDn hBGbfv iv zfhC ùvfƒvf hstb, `skfmfslv ƒ¤Yf rst skfmvf isV bfW }
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bhD  hstb, ª(Iusvv nmq) sp hAdÙÁ (öoxsr) Wpc jsv. zk}iv mndusl ˆsn
Iusvv (Ivp) bfmfspv iCshG lcƒ vfjzfk bfmfp isV. zk}iv hsn (zsi[f j'sv)
Iusvv bfmfp (ufmfzfsk) isV, snƒ hAdÙÁv sndlbjfv bfmfp sbj stfjslv
bfmfpv™si dtdihÝ jvf rq. zfv kfv bfm ivm jv¢Bfmq (zfïfrv) iadkdbdLlstv
kfdtjfHcÙÁ rq.« (k¶fh}, nkf} 413bQ)
diaq bhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ Iusvv bfmfp (ufmfzfsk) isV, sn hAdÙÁ (náAf
ipG§À) zfïfrv lfdqsk¶ Kfsj.« (mc} 657, dk}, k¶fh}, nuf} 6343bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ Iusvv bfmfp ufmfzfsk isV, zk}iv nCspGflq
zhdL hsn zfïfrv dpjXv jsv kfviv lcƒ vfjzfk bfmfp isV, snƒ hAdÙÁv ˆjde
rÏ W …mvfv nWqfh tfH rq.« hBGbfjfvD hstb, zfïfrv vnCt  htstb,
ªidviCBG, idviCBG, idviCBG.« zKGf{ sjfb zn©iCBG rÏ-…mvfv nWqfh bq hvQ iCBG
rÏ-…mvfv nWqfh. (dk}, nkf} 461bQ)
rpvk zfbfn
rsk hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt  hstsYb, ªƒnmf„stv hQwLsvv
yfvde mfbcNsj lfnk¶mÙ c Á jvf zsi[f Iusvv bfmfspv iv sKsj nCspGflq ipG§À
dpjXvjfvD lstv nfsK hnfef zfmfv dbje zdLj diaq. zbcv™i yfvde uDhb lfnmcÙÁ
jvfv sysq zfnsvv bfmfspv iv sKsj nCpfG ²À ipG§À dpjXvjfvD n©ialfsqv nfsK hnfef
zfmfv dbje zdLj iY¦lbDq.« (zflf}, nkf}462bQ)
ianÌk} …sïJA sp, Iusvv bfmfp ufmfzfsk iVfv ubA jsqjde dudbn uv¢vD}
1. zfïfrv zfpfshv Hq ˆhQ kfv nWqfshv stfH msbv mfsU ²¿fb dlsk rsh.
2. zShL jfsu skf bqƒ; hvQ ShL jfsuW shwD vfk bf suso zfso zfso Ocmfsk
rsh.
3. ufmfzfk Lvfv ifÄf ˆvflf rsk rsh.
4. Ocm sKsj ufdosq slq ˆmb znDtf hAhrfv jvsk rsh; spmb ˆtfmG OdV, sjfb
ncr™l nfKD ƒkAfdl.
dj§Â lc}sJv dhNq sp, lcdbqfv jfsuv ubA Iusvv zfsoW …Esk mfbcN zncdhLf shfL
jsv bf, zKy pk zncdhLf shfL jsv zfïfrv jfsu pKf nmsq ufosk. nckvfQ ˆmb
mfbcsNv ˆmb zhsrtf kfv „mfbD lcht G kfv idvyq bq dj?
ˆJfsb ianÌk} Iusvv bfmfp pKf nmsq bf iVfv sp dhLfb, sn n©idjGk ˆjde
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Iskfqf …sïJ jvf nmDyDb hst msb jdv.

iaskAj mcndtsmv ubA iaskAj bfmfp kfv pKfnmsq mndusl ufmfzfk nrjfsv
zflfq jvf Wqfsuh. zfv iaskAj snƒ dhNq sKsj lCsv Kfjf uv¢vD, sp dhNq kfsj
sjfb bfmfp kfv dbdlGó nmsq zflfq jvf sKsj hfLf dlsk ifsv. dhswN jsv Iusvv
bfmfspv ubA dhswN pk´ sbWqf …dyk, pfsk Ocdmsq sKsj ufmfzfk Ycse bf pfq hf kfv
nmq ifv bf rsq pfq. i[f§Àsv Iusvv bfmfpsj sjfb mcndtsmv ubA HfvD msb jvf
…dyk bq. mrfbhD  hstb, ªmcbfdIsjv ubA nhsysq shwD HfvD bfmfp rt, ˆwf W
Iusvv bfmfp. ‰ …Hq bfmfsp dj vfJf zfsY kf pdl Wvf ufbskf kfrst r]fec sosV
rstW kfv ufmfzfsk ˆsn …id²¿k rk.« (hc}, mc}, zf}, zflf}, ƒmf})
nckvfQ ˆmb nh …ifq W znDtf zhtìb jvf …dyk, pfsk pKf nmsq …sE Iusvv
bfmfp ufmfzfk nrjfsv iVf nru rq. spmb njft-njft Ocdmsq iVf, shwD vfk bf
ufof, jf…sj ufdosq dlsk zbcsvfL jvf, ˆtfmG OdV hAhrfv jvf, ƒkAfdl.
ˆk shwD vfk suso jcvzfb sktfzk hf sjfb ƒtXmD zfstfybf jvfW ShL bq, pfv
Ist Iusvv bfmfp Ycse pfWqfv Hq Kfsj. nckvfQ de,dH-dHdnzfv slsJ, kfn sJst
zKhf zbA sjfb zShL jfvsB vfk suso Iusvv bfmfp bó jvf sp jk hV ifsiv
jfu -kf zbcsmq. i[f§Àsv pdl ƒ¤Yf jsv sj… Iusvv zfpfb ðsbW bf WsE, zKhf
kfsj ufdosq slWqf nsÙ¶W bf WsE, iv§Â sp ufdosq slq kfv iadk [cé rq, zKhf
ƒ¤Yf jsvƒ OdVsk ˆtfmG Iusvv nmq bf dlsq nCpG …lq rWqfv iv dEj kfv dF…dev
nmsq slq, kfrst ˆmb hAdÙÁ zfïfrv dbje sKsj wfd²Àv …ipcÙÁ ˆhQ
wfnbjkxGis[v dbjseW wfd²ÀspfoA.
zfv ƒ¤YfjxkHfsh dhbf Wpsv Iusvv bfmfp nCpG WEfv iv zflfq jvstW pKfnmsq
bfmfp kAfo jvfv ubA (hù …tfmfv Iskfqf msk) sn jfsIv rsq pfsh. jfvB, mrfbhD
 hstb, ªzfmfslv W kfslv (jfsIvslv) mfsU ycdÙÁ rt bfmfp. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ
bfmfp kAfo jvsh sn jfsIv rsq pfsh.« (zf}, zflf}, dk}, bf}, ƒmf}) zfv mrfb zfïfr
jcvzfsb hstb, ªbfmfpDslv ubA vsqsY `Wqfƒt' slfpJ; sp bfmfpDvf kfslv bfmfp
nìsá …lfnDb.« (nCvf mf†b) zKGf{, pfvf bfmfp pKfnmsq zflfq jsv bf. (û} Iƒ} 1/352, 365)
zkˆh ofItdk YfVcb ˆhQ sp sjfb iajfsv Iuv W zbAfbA bfmfp pKfnmsq zflfq
jv¢b. zfïfr zfmfslvsj J]fde mcntmfb jv¢b ˆhQ zfmfslv bfmfp jhct jsv dbb.
zfmDb.

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rfvfm, mndusl bhhD, hfqkct mfjsln, mndusl jchf iaHdx k.
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2. zmnduslv kctbfq mnduslv ufmfzfsk nWqfh shwD. zhwA ubrDb mv¢HCmDsk

v¢jC-dnulfr ƒkAfdl idviCBvG ™si jvst kfv nWqfh 50 ÈB shwD. zfïfrv vnCt 
hstb, ufmfzfsk iVf bfmfp i]dywde bfmfspv nmkctA. zfv pdl sj… snƒ bfmfp
sjfb ubwCbA iaf§Àsv isV ˆhQ kfv v¢jc W dnulf iCBvG ™si zflfq jsv, ksh ‰ bfmfp
iÑfwde bfmfspv nmmfsb si]ZYfq.« (zflf} 560, nkf} 407bQ)
3. hfnf sKsj mndul pk lCsv rsh, ils[i drnfsh ufmfzfskv nWqfh kk shwD
rsh. (zflf} 556bQ)
4. ufmfzfskv stfjnQJAf pk shwD rsh, kfv nWqfhW kk shwD rsh.
5. kfjhDsv kfrvDmf nr iCBG bfmfspv ufmfzfskv nWqfh djYc zQw hfl pfWqf
bfmfspv ufmfzfskv nWqfh zsi[f shwD.
6. bfmfp zbcpfqDW ufmfzfskv nWqfh jm-shwD rsq Kfsj. spmb, Iusvv
ufmfzfk ˆwfv kctbfq ˆhQ ˆwfv ufmfzfk zbAfbA zsÙÁv ufmfzfskv kctbfq
nWqfsh zdLj shwD.

j
jffvv …
…iivv ˆ
ˆhhQQ ssj
jffbbX X bbffmmffssppvv u
uffmmffz
zffk
kWWqqffssu
uhh??
öfLDb Îfbn©iâ mcndtm icv¢sNv ubA nc²¿kf-znc²¿kf, Osv-nIsv, dhisl-dbvfisl
nhGfh²¿fq pKfnfLA ufmfzfsk wfdmt rsq bfmfp zflfq jvf Wqfsuh.
zhwA ufmfzfk sjht Ivp bfmfspv ubA Wqfsuh. ˆ YfVf (mczfÄflfr W ofqv
mczfÄflfr) ncâk ˆhQ bIt bfmfspv ubA; spmb ncbfsb vfWqfskh, dhkXv, kfdrqAfkct
mfndul, kfdrqAfkct …pC, kfdrqAfkck k¶fWqfI, n¶ftfkck kfnhDr (?) n¶ftfkck
kfWhfr, ƒwvfj, yfñX, zfWqfhDb iaHdx k bfmfspv ubA ufmfzfk dhdLhÝ bq.
i[f§Àsv y¦û W nCpG oarsBv bfmfp, „l, ƒd²Àõf W kfvfhDrv bfmfspv ubA ufmfzfk
ncâk. spmb jfpf W kfrfÏcslv bfmfspW ufmfzfk yst. zfv ˆ nh jKf pKf²¿fsb
zfstfdyk rsh ƒb wfzfïfr.
zfhfv nfLfvB zdkdvÙÁ bIt bfmfp ufmfzfk jsv iVf pfq. ltDt öv™i slJcb,
hcJfvD 1186 W mcndtm 568bQ rflDn.

u
uffmmffz
zffssk
k mmddr
rttffssllvv z
zQQw
w oor
ar
a BB
(„slv bfmfp YfVf zbA bfmfspv ubA) mdrtfslv mnduslv ufmfzfsk wfdmt
rWqfv yfƒsk öoxsr; hvQ oxsrv msLA nhsysq shwD z¦lv mrst bfmfp iVfƒ rt
…Ùm. mrfbhD  hstb, ªmdrtfslv nhsysq swaô mndul kfv oxsrv dHksvv j[.«
(zf}, rf} 1/209, hf}, nuf} 3327bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªmdrtf öoxsr sKsj kfv vshv zdLj dbjehkGD Kfsj.« (ƒJc}, ƒdr}, k¶fh},
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204

nkf} 339, 341bQ)

ƒhsb mfn†l
hstb, ªmdrtf kfv Osv sKsj vshv ƒhflk jvfv mk ƒhflk zfv
zbA sjfKfW jvsk ifsv bf.« (k¶fh}, nkf} 342bQ)
dkdb mdrtfslvsj nsìfLb jsv hstb, ªskfmfslv Jfn js[v bfmfp nfLfvB js[
bfmfp zsi[f …Ùm, skfmfslv nfLfvB js[v bfmfp hfdVv dHksv sjfb ufqofq
bfmfp zsi[f …Ùm ˆhQ skfmfslv hfdVv dHksvv bfmfp mndusl ufmfzfsk bfmfp
zsi[f …Ùm.« (zf}, k¶fh, hf}, nuf} 3844bQ)
…sïJA sp, nfrfdhqf …s©m ùmfƒl …ÙÁ rflDn swfbfv iv sKsj mxkcA ipG§À dkdb k]fv
hfdVv nh yfƒsk zdLj z¦lv W zájfv jfmvfsk bfmfp isVsYb.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªmdrtf rt sofibDq dudbn. hfƒsv shv rst wqkfb kfv dlsj
oHDv lxdósk dbdbGsmN kfdjsq slJsk Kfsj.« (k¶fh, ƒdr}, ƒJc}, nkf} 339, 341, 342bQ)
ˆ skf ƒhtDn dusbv jKf. i[f§Àsv hkGmfb pcsov äDbrDb pchjlt; pfvf mdrtfv
ubA rfufv wqkfb zsi[f shwD [dkjv, kfslv stftci lxdó sKsj sofisb Kfjf
bfvDv ˆjf§À jkGhA.
ksh pdl sn ˆjf§À mnduslv ufmfzfsk wvDj rsq bfmfp iVsk yfq, kfrst kfsk
zbcmdk zfsY. zhwA ˆv ubA jsqjde wkG zfsY }
1. mnduslv isK spb (t©ieslv) sjfb zðH dIkbfv zfwËf bf Kfsj.
2. mdrtf spb nflfdnLfHfsh ilGfv nfsK zfsn. zKGf{, snsuÈsu ianfLb-sn¦eX
tfdosq bf zfsn. (bfmfpDv sthfn ûóhA.)
3. ˆsk spb kfv öfmDv zbcmdk Kfsj.
öfmDv ubAW …dyk, pdl kfv ²ÃD mndusl spsk zbcmdk yfq, kfrst kfsj hfLf bf
slWqf. nfrfhfslv mdrtfoB mndusl dosq ufmfzfsk bfmfp zflfq jvskb. rpvk
zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `mcdmb mdrtfvf zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv nfsK Iusvv bfmfp iVfv
ubA slsr yflv udVsq rfdpv rk. zk}iv bfmfp swN rst kfvf dbu dbu hfnfq
dIsv spk, zfhYf zájfsv kfslvsj sj… dybsk ifvk bf.' (hc} 578,mc}, zflf} 423,
dk} 153, bf}, ƒmf} 669bQ)
iv§Â ˆsk mnduslv lnG ƒkAfdlsk zQwoarB jvfv …ijfdvkfW vsqsY.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªpdl skfmfslv ²ÃDvf skfmfslv jfsY vfsÛ mndusl zfnfv zbcmdk
yfq, kfrst skfmvf kfslvsj zbcmdk dlsq lfW.« (hc}, mc},zflf}, dk}, bf})
ªzfïfrv hf¦lDslvsj mndusl zfnsk hfvB jsvf bf, pdlW kfslv Ovƒ kfslv ubA
Hfstf.« (zf}, zflf} 567, rf}, nuf} 7458bQ)
ªzfïfrv hf¦lDslvsj mndusl zfnsk hfvB jsvf bf, ksh kfvf spb sJfwhC
hAhrfv bf jsv nflfdnLfHfsh zfsn.« (zf}, zflf}, nuf} 7457bQ)
ˆjlf zfècïfr dhb …mfv
htstb, zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -sj htsk ðsbdY,
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205

dkdb hstsYb, ªskfmfslv mdrtfvf pdl mndusl spsk zbcmdk yfq, kfrst kfslvsj
hfLf dlW bf.« ˆ rflDn swfbfv iv k]fv sYst dhtft htstb, `zfïfrv jnm! zfmvf
Wslvsj hfLf slh.' ˆ jKf ðsb zfècïfr kfv mcsJfmcdJ rsq ˆmb ofdt dlstb, spmbde
zfv sjfbdlb swfbf pfqdb. zk}iv dkdb htstb, `zfdm skfsj zfïfrv vnCt 
sKsj Jhv dld¤Y. zfv kcƒ hdtnX, `zfïfrv jnm! zfmvf Wslvsj hfLf slh.' (mc} 442bQ)
zhwA nkAis[ dIkbf, buvhfdu hf bdóIdóv zfwËf Kfjst zKhf mdrtf
snsuÈsu shilGfq djQhf sn¦eX hAhrfv jsv spsk yfƒst zdHHfhj hf öfmD kfsj
zbcmdk slsh bf.
zbcv™iHfsh sp mdrtfvf ufmfzfsk rfdpv rsh, kfslv ubA uv¢vD ˆƒ sp, kfvf
icv¢Nslv ƒmfsmv nftfm sIvf mfÛ …sE hfdV vWbf slsh. pfsk icv¢Nslv nfsK
mnduslv lvufq hf isK sjfb iajfv slJf-nf[f{ bf rq. rpvk …s©m nftfmfr
hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv pcso mdrtfvf pJb Ivp bfmfspv nftfm dIvk, kJb
kfvf …sE yst spk. zfv vnCt  ˆhQ k]fv nfsK zbAfbA bfmfpDvf djYc[B zsi[f
jvskb. zk}iv zfïfrv vnCt …sE sost icv¢Nvf …sE spk.' (hc} 866, 870bQ)
zhwA mdrtfslv ilGfpcÙÁ ixKj mcnfïf W ixKj lvuf rst nftfm sIvfmfÛ nk¶v …sE
pfWqf uv¢vD bq. (zfdb} 1/287)
iajfw sp, mdrtf nsÌ kfv sYfe dwðsjW mndusl zfbsk ifsv. ksh zhwAƒ sJqft
vfJsk rsh, pfsk mnduslv sjfb dudbn, jcvzfb, idhÛkf zfdl bó ˆhQ bfmfpDslv
sjfb iajfv dFófhG bf jsv.

u
uffmmffz
zffk
kkkKKff mmnnddu
ussll ppffW
Wqqffvv ddj
jYYc c z
zffllhh
mnduslv hBGbfq mndusl pfWqfv djYc zflh zfstfdyk rsqsY. ufmfzfskv
iafndÌjkfq ˆJfsb zfsvf djYc jKf …sïJ jvsk hfLA rd¤Y.
ufmfzfsk rfdpv rWqfv ubA hfnf sKsj WpC jsv dhbsqv nfsK shv rWqf hfÒbDq.
jfvB, hfnf sKsj WpC jsv bfmfsp pfWqfv jKf ˆjfdLj rflDsn …sïdJk rsqsY.
ˆ nmsq nc¦lv W idv°jfv-idv¤Yâ sthfn idvLfb jvf jkGhA. ˆ dhNsq mrfb
zfïfrv zfslw vsqsY. (jc} 7/31)
nhGwvDv sKsj nhGiajfv lcoGá lCv jsv sbWqf uv¢vD. sthfsnv, mcsJv, Ofsmv, j]fyf
di]qfu W vncb kKf dhdV-dnofsvsev lcoGá lCv jsv sbWqf zfhdwAj. pfsk sn osá
dIdvñf W ifswv bfmfpD jó bf ifb ˆhQ ‰ oá-Wqftfv iadk bfmfpDslv msb msb
OxBfv …sûj bf rq.
ytfv isK lcƒ rfskv zfÌctnmCsrv mfsU J]fufJ]fdu jvf dbdNÝ. jfvB, bfmfspv ubA
ytfW bfmfp iVfv mkƒ Èv¢k¶ vfsJ. (zflf} 562bQ)
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206

ytfv nmq bfmfpD spb ˆdlj-Wdlj bf kfjfq, Sr-rfïf bf jsv, bfmfspv djYc zQw
Ycse sostW spb bf slZsV. hvQ Hûkf W o©HDvkfv nfsK kfVfùsVf bf jsv LDsv-ncs²¿
wf§ÀHfsh ufmfzfsk wfdmt rq.
ytfv isK zfïfrv dpjXv msb vfJf jkGhA. (mndusl pfWqfv zflh ûóhA)
…sïJA sp, mndusl iashw jvfv nmq (ucmzfv Jckhfv zfpfb YfVf zbA) zfpfb
rst l]fdVsq l]fdVsq zfpfsbv …Ùv dlsq lv™l-lczf isV kfviv kfdrqAfkct mfndul
zKhf zbA ncâk iVsh bfmfpD.

ddj
j ddj
jWWppssvv u
uffmmffz
zffk
k YYffV
Vff ppffqq??
icv¢sNv ubA ufmfzfk Wqfsuh rstW zncdhLfv s[sÛ kf Wqfsuh Kfsj bf. mrfb
zfïfrv hf¦lfv iadk äDsbv hAfifsv nfLfvB zbcoar ˆƒ sp, dkdb nfsLAv zkDk jf…sj
Hfv ziGB jsvb bf. dkdb hstb,
E‫ ٍج‬1 N

34
03 )D ‫
?
א‬ST
 +
F7 `

4‫ و‬F
E‫ ٍج‬1 N

34D
ST
 +
F7 
  
5‫ )
א‬10 
4F
zKGf{, zfïfr äDsbv hAfifsv skfmfslv ubA sjfb nQjDBGkf vfsJb db. (jc} 5/6,
22/78)
htf hfùtA, sjfb zncdhLf hf Wpv Kfjfv Ist ufmfzfsk …id²¿k bf rsk ifvst
bfmfpDv sjfb sofbfr sbƒ. hvQ sn spJfsbƒ bfmfp zflfq jsv sbsh, snJfsbƒ kfv
bfmfp ðÝ rsq pfsh. sp sp Wusv ufmfzfk kAfo jvst sofbfr rq bf kf dbm´v™i }-
1. UV-hxdó, jflf, iayà wDk hf oaD°m } ˆjlf Efàf W hfkfsnv vfsk ƒhsb
…mfv
zfpfb dlstb. kfsk dkdb htstb, `swfb! skfmvf öoxsr bfmfp isV bfW.'
zk}iv dkdb htstb, hxdómq Efàf vfdÛsk zfïfrv vnCt  mczfpdpbsj ˆƒ htsk
zfslw dlskb, `swfb! skfmvf öoxsr bfmfp isV bfW.' (hc} 632, mc} 697bQ)
ˆjlf ƒhsb zfêfn
ˆj hxdómq ucmzfv dlsb k]fv mczfpdpbsj htstb, `kcdm
pJb ªzfwrflc zfâf mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr« htsh kJb ht, skfmvf skfmfslv Osv
bfmfp isV bfW.' ˆ jKf ðsb stfsjvf spb zfidÙjv msbfHfh hAÙÁ jvt. dj§Â dkdb
htstb, `ˆv™i dkdb jsvsYb dpdb zfmfv sKsj swaô. zKGf{, zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv™i
jsvsYb. zfv zfdmW skfmfslvsj ˆƒ jflf-ifdbsk shv rWqfsj ziY¦l jvtfm.'
(hc} 901, mc} 699bQ)
iajfw Kfsj sp, vf²Àf diy-Tftf rstW ˆhQ Yfkfv hAh²¿f KfjstW bfmfpD wvDqskv
ˆ zbcmdk oarB jvsk ifsv.
2. svfo, znc²¿kf } sp svfo W znc²¿kfv lv¢b mndul zfnsk Jchƒ jó rq.
mrfbhD  pJb znc²¿ rsq isVdYstb, kJb hstdYstb, ªzfhC hfjXvsj ht, sn spb
ƒmfmdk jsv.« (hc} 678, mc})
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207

zhwA znc²¿kf nfmfbA rst; spmb ndlG, mfKf hAKf ƒkAfdlv jfvsB ufmfzfk mfI
bq. i[f§Àsv i[fOfkoa²À, dyvsvfof W zKhG hxsÝv ubA ufmfzfk Wqfsuh bq.
3. Hq; idKmsLA wÛ¢, drQna u§Â hf ufstsmv Hq, Ov sYsV sost Ov ycdv rWqfv,
djQhf ifrfvf sYsV sost sjfb n©il-It-Int ycdv rWqfv Hq, ƒÏk rfdb rWqfv
Hq zKhf zbA sjfb iajfv hV [dkv zfwËf rst ufmfzfk mfI.
4. Jfhfv ia²Âk W …id²¿k Kfjst ˆhQ Jfhfsvv dlsj mb isV Kfjst
ufmfzfk mfI. zfso sJsq kshƒ bfmfsp zQwoarB jvsk rsh. mrfbhD  hstb,
ªbfmfspv ƒjfmk rst ˆhQ vfskv Jfbf …id²¿k rst, zfso Jfbf sJsq bfW.« (zf}, hc}, mc},
dk}, bf}, ƒmf}, nuf} 374bQ) ƒhsb …mfv
hstb, `pJb sj… sJsk hnsh kJb JfWqf swN
bf jvf ipG§À sn spb kfVfùVf bf jsv; pdlW bfmfspv ƒjfmk rsq pfq khcW.' (hf})
5. ianafh-ifqJfbfv yfi; ufmfzfskv nmq ianafh zKhf ifqJfbfv kth
Kfjst ufmfzfk mfI. jfvB, sho vfJf zh²¿fq bfmfp ðÝ bq. zkˆh ufmfzfskvW
tfH sbƒ. mrfbhD  hstb, Jfhfv nfmsb svsJ bfmfp sbƒ ˆhQ ianafh-ifqJfbfv sho
KfjskW bfmfp sbƒ.« (mc} 560bQ)
6. mcsJ, slsr hf sthfsn lcoGá Kfjst ufmfzfk mfI. ufmfzfskv
zfso j]fyf di]qfu, vncb, mctf zKhf zbcv™i hf klsi[f zdLj lcoGámq h²Â; spmb
dhdV-dnofsve ƒkAfdl sJsk hfLA rst mndusl pfWqf dbdNÝ. mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp
hAdÙÁ (j]fyf) vncb hf di]qfu sJsqsY sn spb zfmfslv jfY sKsj zKhf zfmfslv
mndul sKsj lCsv yst pfj; hvQ sn kfv Osv dosq hncj.« (mc} 564bQ)
klbcv™i jnfƒ, mfY-Wqftf, mcvoD-Wqftf, sH]Vf-Wqftf ƒkAfdl stfj; pfslv dbje
sKsj dhje lcosG á …id²¿k bfmfpD W zfïfrv dIdvñf jó sisq Kfsjb, kfslv ubA
ufmfzfsk …id²¿k bf rWqfƒ …Ùm. zhwA pfslv jfsYƒ lcoá G Kfsj kfvf pdl
ufmfzfsk zfnfv iCshG kf lCv jsv; spmb mcsJv oá ncoámq l]fskv mfub hAhrfv jsv
Lcsq, slsr lcoGá Kfjst kf nfhfb dlsq Lcsq, sthfsnv lcoGá Kfjst sthfn ifs¬e ncoá
hAhrfv jsv mndusl zfnsk ifsv. (rfdwqfkcv vWdpt mcvsh', mfvf} 185ix})
7. ƒmfsmv bfmfp hf dj¶vfzfk tìf rst lcht G hf jmGhA²À mfbcsNv ubA snƒ ƒmfsmv
iÇyfsk ufmfzfk mfI. ˆj hAdÙÁ mrfbhD -sj htt, zfïfrv jnm, sr zfïfrv
vnCt! zfdm zmcj (ƒmfsmv) tìf bfmfspv ubA Iusvv ufmfzfsk rfdpv rsk ifdv
bf. ƒhsb mfn†l
hstb, zfdm sndlbjfv mk zfïfrv vnCt -sj zbA dlb
…islsw zk shwD vfofd¦hk rsk sldJdb. zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªskfmfslv msLA
ˆmbW stfj zfsY, sp (bfmfpDslv msb) dhkxòf nxdó jsv. nckvfQ skfmfslv msLA sp
stfsjslv ƒmfmdk jvsh sn spb bfmfp rfîf jsv isV.---« (mc}, dm} 1132bQ)
8. ufmfzfskv nmq Ocsmv yfi nfmftsk bf ifvst. Ocdmsq Kfjst ufmfzfk mfI.
jfvB mrfbhD  hstb, ªdbûf zh²¿fq sjfb SwdKtA sbƒ. SwdKtA skf ufoak zh²¿fq
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208

rq. nckvfQ pJb skfmfslv msLA sj… sjfb bfmfp iVsk Hcst pfq zKhf Ocdmsq isV,
kJb kfv …dyk, n¹vB rWqf mfÛ
kf isV sbWqf. sjb bf, zfïfr kfzftf hstb,
ªzfv zfmfsj n¹vB jvfv …sÜswA kcdm bfmfp jfsqm jv.« (jc} 20/14, mc}, dm} 604bQ)
9. ƒÏk Tfjfv mk jfsvf sthfn bf Kfjst ufmfzfk mfI. (vWpfkck k¶fsthDb
1/345-346)
10. nIsv shv rsq nÌD Ycse pfWqfv Hq Kfjst ufmfzfk kAfo jvf yst. (mcobD
2/453)
11. mxkhAdÙÁv sofnt-jfIb dbsq hA²À Kfjst ufmfzfk YfVf yst. jfvB nk¶v
jfIb-lfIb jvfW ˆjde uv¢vD jfu. (nfuf} 186ix})
12. kfqf©mcmjfvD ifdb ifWqfv hAfifsv dbdÇyk rst Wpc jvsk dosq ufmfzfk
Ycest slfN sbƒ. ˆ s[sÛ kfqf©mcm jsv bfmfp rsh bf. spmb ufmfzfk (zbcv™i „l,
ufbfpf, ƒd²Àõf iaHdx k bfmfp) swN rsk ytt slsJW ifdb Kfjsk kfqf©mcm jsv
ufmfzfsk wfdmt rsq bfmfp iVstW bfmfp rsh bf. ˆ s[sÛ WpC jvfƒ uv¢vD; pdlW
ufmfzfk Ycse pfq. (mh} 26/108)
13. zkA§À lcdÇy§Àfoa²À rst zKhf nmfu kfv wvqD hqje jvst ufmfzfk kAfo
jvf ShL. spmb drtft dhb …mfƒqf ˆhQ mcvfvfr dhb vfhDv nfsK mrfbhD  W k]fv
nfrfhfoB hqje jvst k]fvf öoxsrƒ zh²¿fb jsvdYstb. (hc} 4418bQ)
14. rpvk zfhC lfvlf
hstb, `mfbcsNv äDbD Îfsbv (dIjXsrv) ˆjde dyrÁ ˆƒ
sp, bfmfspv nmq pdl sjfb djYc jvf zfð W uv¢vD iasqfub isV kfrst sn iaKsm
dbsuv snƒ iasqfub snsv sbq, pfsk sn (dy§Àf W hA²Àkf) sKsj dbsuv r™lqsj mcÙÁ W
Jfdt jsv bfmfsp zdHdbshw jvsk ifsv.' (hc})
iajfw sp, sp hAdÙÁ nkAis[ sjfb Wuv Kfjfv Ist ufmfzfsk …id²¿k rsk z[m
rq, dj§Â snƒ nfsK kfv mb isV Kfsj ufmfzfskv iadk, ufmfzfsk rfduv bf rsk
ifvfv ubA kfv zf§Àdvj idvkfi W zfIsnfn Kfsj, sn hAdÙÁ Osv bfmfp iVstW
ufmfzfskv nWqfh tfH jvsh. spmb sp hAdÙÁ ufmfzfk Lvfv zfwfq bfbf
jmGhA²Àkfv mfsU wk syófv iv mndusl ˆsn slsJ sp ufmfzfk swN rsq sosY, sn
hAdÙÁW sofbfr sKsj sh]sy pfsh ˆhQ ufmfzfskv nWqfh ifsh. spsrkc sbj jfu jvfv
ubA sjht lxP nQj¬i rstƒ ˆhQ sn jfu jvsk n[m bf rstW mrfb zfïfr dbu
zbcoasr hf¦lfsj kfv nQj¬i W syófv dhdbmq lfb jsv Kfsjb.
mrfbhD  hstb, sp hAdÙÁ öoxsr nc¦lvHfsh WpC jsv mndusl pfq ˆhQ slsJ sp,
(ƒmfm nr ufmfzfskv) stfsjvf bfmfp isV dbsqsY, sn hAdÙÁsj zfïfr kfslv mkƒ
nWqfh lfb jsvb, pfvf ufmfzfsk rfdpv sKsj bfmfp isVsY. zfv ˆsk kfslv djdÑ{
idvmfBW nWqfh jm rq bf.« (zflf} 564, bf}, rf}, nkf} 405bQ)
i[f§Àsv sjfb ndEj Wusvv jfvsB mndul zfnsk bf ifvstW Osv hsnƒ
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209

ufmfzfskv nWqfh tfH rsh. mrfbhD  hstb, ªhf¦lf pJb znc²¿ rq zKhf nIv
jsv kJb zfïfr kfv (zfmt-bfmfq) snƒ zfmstv nWqfhƒ dtsJ Kfsjb, sp zfmt
sn nc²¿ W Osv Kfjf zh²¿fq jvk.« (zf}, hc}, nuf} 799bQ)
khcj zdHpfsbv nIsv dkdb hstb, ªmlDbfsk ˆmb ˆjde sofôD vsqsY, pfvf
skfmfslv iaskAj ytfv isK ˆhQ iaskAj zdkÛÁmA …ikAjfskƒ skfmfslv nfsK
Kfsj. kfslvsj sjfb Wuv zfesj svsJsY.« zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªkfvf skfmfslv
nWqfsh wvDj zfsY.« (zf}, hc}, mc}, zflf}, ƒmf}, nuf} 2036bQ)
htf hfùtA, Wuv dmKAf hf zucrfk sJ]fVf rst, msbv msLA sjfb iajfv zftnA hf
dTstdm Kfjst ˆhQ nWqfh tfsHv sjfb stfH hf ƒ¤Yf bf Kfjst nWqfh skf rshƒ bf,
…¬ef sofbfr rsh.
ianÌk} …sïJA sp, hfdVsk sYst-smsqslvsj dbsq ufmfzfk jsv Ivp bfmfp iVst
mnduslv ufmfzfk mfI rq bf. (mh} 17/67) spmb ifsw mndul Kfjsk jmG²¿st
nrjmGDslv nfsK jmG²¿stv dHksvƒ sjfb v¢sm ufmfzfk jsv bfmfp iVst kf psKó
bq. hvQ mndusl …id²¿k rWqf uv¢vD. (‰ 17/51-52)

j
jkkÈ
Èsst
tff bbffmmffppDD r
rsst
tuuffmmffz
zffk
krrsshh??
ƒmfm YfVf jm is[ ˆjde bfmfpD rst ufmfzfk odEk rsh; yfsr sn bfmfpD
Îfbn©iâ dwð srfj zKhf mdrtf.
mrfbhD  ƒhsb zfêfnsj dbsq ufmfzfk jsv (kfrfÏcl) bfmfp isVsYb. (hc}, mc},
zf}, zfnc}) dkdb nIsv …lAk lcƒub stfjsj hstdYstb, ªbfmfspv nmq …id²¿k rst
skfmfslv
ˆjub zfpfb slsh
ˆhQ skfmfslv msLA
sp hV sn
ƒmfmdk jvsh.« (hc}
630bQ, mc}, bf}, lf})

bbffmmffssppvv j
jkkeejcj
c c cz
zQQw
w ssi
issttu uffmmffz
zffssk
kvv
I
IppDDttk ki iffW
Wqqff ppffqq??
bfmfspv ˆj vfjzfk ƒmfsmv nfsK sist ufmfzfskv iCBG IpDtk ifWqf pfq.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ƒmfsmv nfsK ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp sisq sot, sn bfmfp
sisq sot.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 1412bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ucmzfr zKhf zbA bfmfspv ˆj vfjzfk sisq sot,
sn bfmfp sisq sot.« (ƒmf} 1123bQ)
zhwA ƒmfsmv nftfm dIvfv zfso kfjhDsv kfrvDmf dlsq bfmfspv specjc zQw
ifWqf pfq snecjsc j dHdÙ jsv ufmfzfsk wfdmt rWqf pfq. spsrkc mrfbhD  hstb,
ªbfmfspv ƒjfmk rsq sost skfmvf slZsV ˆn bf. hvQ skfmvf öfHfdhjHfsh yst
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210

ˆn. zfv skfmfslv mfsU spb d²¿vkf Kfsj. zk}iv specjc bfmfp ifW kf isV bfW
ˆhQ pf Ycse pfq kf icvf jsv bfW.« (mc} 602)
…sïJA sp, ufmfzfk jvfv mk stfj KfjstW swN vfjzfsk v¢jCv iv hf swN
kfwfrùsl ufmfzfsk wfdmt bf rsq ƒmfsmv nftfm dIvfv iv däkDq ufmfzfk jvf
…Ùm bq. …Ùm rt, ƒmfsmv nftfm dIvfv zfso ipG§À ufmfzfsk wfdmt rWqf.
(Ifmcnf} 76ix})
sj… sj… hstb, nsÌ ufmfzfk jvfv mk stfj Kfjst ˆhQ ƒmfm swN kfwfrùsl
Kfjst ufmfzfsk wfdmt bf rsq kfslv nftfm dIvfv iv bkcbHfsh ufmfzfk jsv
bfmfp iVf …Ùm. sjbbf, mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ƒmfsmv nfsK ˆj vfjzfk
bfmfp sisq sot, sn bfmfp sisq sot.« zfv kfv mfsbƒ rt sp ˆj vfjzfk sit bf
hvQ dnulfr hf kfwfrùl sit, sn bfmfp sit bf. zkˆh bkcb jsv ufmfzfk jvst
iaKm sKsj ufmfzfk ifWqf pfsh ˆhQ iCBG bfmfpW ifWqf pfsh. zfv ˆefƒ rsh …Ùm.
(Ifkfufmf} 50ix}) zkˆh zfïfrƒ Hfstf ufsbb.

mmnnddu
ussllvv u
uffmmffz
zffk
k YYsc sc ee ssoosst
t
mnduslv ufmfzfk Ycse sost hf ufmfzfk swN rWqfv iv mndusl ˆst pdl zbA
stfj Kfsj kfrst kfslv nfsK dmst ˆjub ƒmfm rsq ufmfzfk jsv bfmfp iVsh.
pdl zfv sjfb stfsjv …id²¿dkv zfwf bf Kfsj, kfrst zbA mndusl ufmfzfk bf
rWqfv LfvBf ifjf rst snJfsb dosq ufmfzfsk bfmfp iVsh.
kf bf rst mndusl ˆjfjD bfmfp iVfv yfƒsk hfdVsk dIsv dosq dbsuv idvhfv-
idvubsj dbsq ufmfzfk jsv bfmfp iVf …Ùm. mrfbhD  ˆv™i jsvsYb hst iamfB
zfsY. (kfdm} 155ix}, nfuf} 56ix}) zhwA hfdVsk ufmfzfk jvfv mk stfj bf Kfjst
Ivp bfmfp hfdVv sysq mndusl iVfƒ …Ùm. jfvB, bfmfspv …sÜswA mndusl
pfWqfv ixKj ShdwóA zfsY ˆhQ Ivp bfmfp mndusl iVfv zfslw zfsY.

mmnnddu
ussll ddääk
kDDqq u
uffmmffz
zffk
k
ˆjƒ mndusl ˆjƒ nmsq lcde ufmfzfk jvf ShL bq. sjbbf kfsk ufmfzfk bf
rsq dhd¤Yâkfƒ iajfw ifq.
zhwA sjfb mndusl dbdlGó ƒmfm bf Kfjst snJfsb iaKm ufmfzfskv iv däkDq hf
kxkDq ufmfzfk lCNBDq bq.
spmb isKv Lfsv hf hfufsvv mndusl hfvhfv ufmfzfk rWqfW slfNfhr bq. hvQ
pfvf pJb zfnsh kfvf kJbƒ ufmfzfk nrjfsv bfmfp zflfq jsv dbu dbu jfsu
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211

shv rsq pfsh.

spmb mndul sYfe rWqfv jfvsB iaKm ufmfzfsk dhvfe nQJAj mfbcsNv ˆj nfsK bfmfp
iVf n©Hh bf rst, ufmfzfk swN rWqfv iv däkDq hf kxkDq ufmfzfk jvfW ShL.
mnduslv dbLGfdvk ƒmfsmv ƒmfmdksk ufmfzfk swN rsq pfWqfv iv ufmfzfk
rWqfv mk stfj mndusl ˆst ufmfzfskv IpDtk sbWqfv …sÜswA kfslv däkDq
ufmfzfk jvf ShL.
ˆjlf ufmfzfk rsq sost ˆj hAdÙÁ mndusl ˆt. mrfbhD  htstb, ªsj zfsY
sp ˆv ubA nfljfr jvsh? (ˆv nWqfh hLGb jvsh?)« ˆ jKf ðsb ˆj hAdÙÁ …sE
kfv nfsK bfmfp iVt. (zflf}, dk}, dm} 1146bQ)
rpvk zfbfn
ˆj mndusl ˆstb. slJstb, snJfsb ufmfzfk rsq sosY. dkdb
snJfsb zfpfb-ƒjfmk dlsq ufmfzfk nrjfsv bfmfp zflfq jvstb. (hc}, Ihf} 2/154)
zhwA ˆƒ nchfsl sj… spb iaKm ufmfzfsk …id²¿k rWqfsk dTstdm bf jsv. jfvB,
(sjfb Wpv bf Kfjst) zfpfb swfbfmfÛ mndusl rfdpv rWqfv ubA k{iv rWqf
Wqfsuh. (Ifmcnf} 74ix})

u
uffmmffz
zffssk
kvv bbffmmffpp ssllvvDDssk
krrsst
t
zfWqft-zsÙÁ ˆjfjD bfmfp iVfv yfƒsk ˆjec slvDsk ufmfzfk nr bfmfp iVf
…Ùm. dhswN jsv vfskv ˆwfv bfmfp slvDsk rst ˆjfjD zfWqft zsÙÁ bfmfp isV
ðsq iVf …Ùm bq. mrfbhD  hstb, ªbfmfsp nhsysq nWqfh shwD kfv, pfsj
(mnduslv isK) r]fesk rq shwD. zfv sp hAdÙÁ zsi[f jsv ƒmfm W ufmfzfskv
nfsK isV sn hAdÙÁv nWqfh kfv sKsj shwD, sp (ˆjfjD) bfmfp isV dbsq Ocdmsq
pfq.« (hc} 651bQ)
zhwA ƒmfm pdl Jch dTst rb ˆhQ Jch slvD jsv bfmfp isVb, kfrst kfv dbslGw
dHâ. mrfbhD  ˆjlf zfhC pfvG
-sj htstb, ªdj jvsh kcdm, pJb ˆmb djYc
zfmDv rsh, pfvf pKf nmq sKsj bfmfp slvD jsv iVsh?« zfhC pfvG htstb, `zfmfsj
zfidb dj zfslw jsvb? htstb, ªkcdm skfmfv bfmfp pKfnmsq isV bfW. zk}iv
pdl snƒ bfmfp kfslv nfsK ifW, kfrst icbvfq kfslv nfsK (ufmfzfsk) isV bfW.
ˆef skfmfv ubA bIt rsq pfsh.« (mc}, nczf})

ƒƒmmffmmddk
kvv ddhhhhvvBB
nhGfÌnc¦lv ƒntfsmv ncôc ˆj dhLfb rt ufmfzfk kKf kfv idvyftj ˆjj ƒmfm hf
sbkfv dhLfb. ƒmfm rstb nmfsuv sbkf. ncwx£Jt W ncôc uDhb-pfib jvfv ubA
sbkfv lvjfv ˆjf§À. dpdb rshb mcndtsmv nmfu-sj¦û mnduslv ƒmfm ˆhQ dkdbƒ
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212

rshb ƒntfmD-wvDqk hAfJAfkf kKf dbslGw ialfbjfvD. dkdb rshb njstv njt
jfsuv zfso. k]fv mcÊjfvD zfJtfj-ydvÛ, zfyfv-hAhrfv ˆhQ nhGiajfv zfyvsB
nmfsuv ubA dlj-dbBGqj kfvf. dkdb iaydtk `smfïf` bb, k]fv slZV mndul ipG§Àƒ
bq. hvQ k]fv slZV sofsvv isvW ivifsvv ncJmq uDhb ipG§À.
dkdb nmfsuv sj¦ûdh¦lc. dkdb mfbbDq W zbcnvBDq. dkdb nmfu-nQõfvj,
ncivfmwGlfkf, jtAfBjfmD W ðHfbcLAfqD. dkdb ƒntfsmv dhwft ƒhflk bfmfspv
sbkf, dkdbƒ durfslv mqlfsb iaLfb snbfidk.

ƒ
ƒmmffmm r
rWWqqffvv nnhhfG fG ddLLj
j sshhw
wDD ssppffooAA ssj
j??
ƒmfmdkv nhsysq shwD spfoA dkdb, dpdb jcvzfsbv rfsIp; dpdb (kfuhDl nr) Hfstf
jcvzfb iVsk ifsvb. kfuhDl YfVf rfsIp ƒmfmdkv spfoA bq. iCBG rfsIp bf rstW
p]fv iVf Hfstf ˆhQ shwD jcvzfb mcJ²¿ zfsY dkdbƒ ƒmfm rWqfv zdLj spfoA.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªdkb hAdÙÁ rst Wslv msLA ˆjub ƒmfmdk jvsh. zfv
ƒmfmdkv shwD rjlfv snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp kfslv msLA shwD Hfstf jcvzfb iVsk ifsv.«
(mc}, dm} 1118bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªstfsjslv ƒmfm snƒ hAdÙÁ rsh sp shwD Hfstf jcvzfb iVsk
ifsv. iVfsk njst nmfb rst Wslv msLA sp shwD ncâfr ufsb, ncâfrv Îfb njstv
nmfb Kfjst Wslv msLA sp nhfv zfso druvk jsvsY, druvskW njst nmfb rst
Wslv msLA pfv hqn shwD sn ƒmfm rsh. zfv sjfb hAdÙÁ spb ziv hAdÙÁv ufqofq
kfv dhbf zbcmdksk ƒmfmdk bf jsv ˆhQ bf sj… jfsvf Osv kfv hnfv ufqofq kfv
dhbf zbcmdksk hsn.« (zf}, mc}, dm} 1117bQ)
…sïJA sp, nfLfvB bfmfpDv mk ƒmfmdkv ubAW ncâkD sthfn …Ùm. ksh mfKfq
ifoVD, v¢mft hf eciD rWqf djQhf mfKf Tfjf ƒmfmdkv ubA wkG, Ivp hf uv¢vD bq.
(I…} 1/386, 389) nckvfQ pfv mfKf Tfjf zfsY kfv sKsj pfv mfKf Tfjf sbƒ, sn Hfstf
jcvzfb iVsk ifvst snƒ ƒmfmdkv rjlfv.

ppffssllvv ƒ
ƒmmffmmddk
k SShhLL W
WððÝ
Ý
ˆmb jkj stfj zfsY pfslvsj zfifk}lxdósk ƒmfmdkv zspfoA msb rstW
iajkx lxdósk kfslv ƒmfmdk ShL W ðÝ. zhwA ðv¢sk ˆjef Èv¢k¶iCBG bDdk msb
vfJst ˆ iansÌ zsbj Hct hcUfhcdU lCv rsq pfsh. sp hAdÙÁv bfmfp ðÝ, kfv
ƒmfmdkW ðÝ ˆhQ kfv diYsb mcÙÁflDv bfmfpW ðÝ. zfv pfv bfmfp ðÝ bq, kfv
ƒmfmdkW ðÝ bq ˆhQ kfv diYsb mcÙÁflDv bfmfpW ðÝ bq. (mcm} 2/316-317)
pfvf ƒmfm rWqfv spfoA bq hst LfvBf rsk ifsv zKy (ƒmfmdkv ÈBfhtD hkGmfb
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213

Kfjst) kfvf zfnst kfv spfoA ˆmb djYc stfj dbm´v™i }-

1 . zá }
zá mfbcsNv idhÛkf W idv¤Yâkfv hAfifsv ns¦lr KfjstW nh zá nmfb bq.
nckvfQ spfoAkf Kfjst sn ƒmfm rsk ifsv. zfïfrv vnCt  zá nfrfhD zfècïfr dhb
…s©m mfjkCmsj lc-lc hfv mlDbfv ƒmfm hfdbsqdYstb ˆhQ dkdb stfsjslv bfmfspv
ƒmfmdk jsvsYb. (zf}, zflf}, dm} 1121bQ)
2. ÛÁDklfn }
ÛÁDklfn, pcÝh¦lD lfn, mcÙÁlfn, nfLfvB lfn, HxkA, yfjv, hf vfJft spfoA rst kfv
ƒmfmdk ðÝ ˆhQ ˆmb zfkvfIslv iÇyfsk zfwvfIslvW bfmfp ðÝ. mrfbhD 
pJb mlDbfq iaKm iaKm druvk jsv ˆstb, kJb mcrfsuvDbvf jchfv dbjehkGD
…nhfr bfmj ˆj ufqofq zh²¿fb ðv¢ jvstb. snJfsb zfhC ùpfƒIf
-ˆv mcÙÁ
jvf lfn nfstm
stfsjslv ƒmfmdk jvskb. k]fv nhfv yfƒsk shwD jcvzfb mcJ²¿
dYt. zKy k]fv iÇyfsk mcÙÁflDslv msLA rpvk …mfv ˆhQ zfhC nftfmfW dYstb. (hc},
692, zflf} 588bQ, dm} 1127bQ)
klbcv™i rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) ˆv mcÙÁ jvf lfn zfhC zfmXv bfmfspv ƒmfmdk
jvskb. (mcnbfl ƒmfm wfsIqD) k]fv pfjWqfb bfmj zfv ˆj mcÙÁ jvf lfnW ƒmfmdk
jvskb. (mf}, ƒzfwf} 7215, 7216, 7217 bQ)
3. mcnfdIv }
mcnfdIsvv ubA nIsv bfmfp umf W jnv jvf ncâk rstW ˆhQ sn ƒmfmdk jvfv
nmq bfmfp jnv jsv iVstW kfv diYsb oxrhfnDslv bfmfp ðÝ. zhwA ˆ s[sÛ
oxrhfnDvf ‰ mcnfdIv ƒmfsmv nftfm dIvfv iv …sE hfjD bfmfp iCvB jsv sbsh.
zKGf{, ƒmfm W mcÙÁflD dmst 2 vfjzfk rsq sost mcÙÁflDvf ƒmfsmv nftfm dIvfv iv
…sE ˆjf ˆjf zfsvf hfjD 2 vfjzfk isV sbsh. zfv sn bfmfp umf jsv iVst
²¿fbDq hfdn¦lfvf kf jvsh bf.
4. l]fVfsk z[m hAdÙÁ }
l]fVfsk z[m hAdÙÁv ƒmfmdk ðÝ. ksh mcÙÁflDvfW (l]fVfsbfv nmq) hsn bfmfp
iVsh. mrfbhD  hstb, ªƒmfm ˆ ubAƒ hfbfsbf rsqsY sp, kfv zbcnvB jvf rsh.
nckvfQ --- sn pJb l]fdVsq bfmfp iVsh, kJb skfmvfW l]fdVsq bfmfp iV ˆhQ pJb
hsn bfmfp iVsh kJb skfmvfW hsn bfmfp iV. zfv sn hsn Kfjst skfmvf l]fVfW
bf; spmb ifvsnAv stfsjvf kfslv n©mfbfrG hAdÙÁslv ubA jsv Kfsj.« (zf}, mc}, zflf},
bf}, nuf} 2356bQ)
dj§Â ivhkGDsk dkdb hsn bfmfp iVst k]fv iÇyfsk nfrfhDoB l]fdVsqƒ bfmfp
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214

isVsYb. ˆv Ist …tfmfoB hstb sp, ƒmfm nfmdqj zncdhLfv jfvsB hsn bfmfp
iVst mcÙÁflDvfW hsn bfmfp iVsh. bsy{, swN uDhsb hfLGjAudbk jfvsB hsn bfmfp
iVst mcÙÁflDvf (l]fVfsbfv nmq) l]fdVsqƒ bfmfp iVsh.
htf hfùtA, k]fv iCshGjfv zfmt mbnCJ bq. jfvB, k]fv zfmt äfvf k]fv zfslw
mbnCJ rq bf. kfYfVf k]fv ivhkGDsk nfrfhfoBW ƒmfm hsn bfmfp iVst hsnƒ bfmfp
isVsYb. zhwA ‰ s[sÛ hsn bfmfp iVf Wqfsuh bf hst mc²Àfrfh htf spsk ifsv.
(dm} 1139bQ, 1/357 zfthfbDv eDjf nr û})
5. kfqf©mcmjfvD }
sp hAdÙÁ WpC jvsk bf sisv kfqf©mcm jsv bfmfp isV kfv ƒmfmdk ˆhQ kfv
iÇyfsk pfvf WpC jsv bfmfp isV kfslv bfmfp ðÝ.
rpvk zfmXv dhb zfn
hstb, pfkcn nftfdnt pcÝ
JnIsv
ˆj wDskv vfsk
zfmfv
öi´slfN rt. zfmfv Hq rt sp, pdl sofnt jdv kfrst zfdm L¶Qn rsq pfh.
kfƒ zfdm kfqf©mcm jsv nÌDslvsj dbsq
(ƒmfm rsq) Iusvv bfmfp iVtfm. zfmfv
nÌDvf
ˆjKf bhD

Jˆv dbjse
…sïJ jvst dkdb htstb, ªsr zfmXv! kcdm bfifj
zh²¿fq skfmfv nÌDslv
ƒmfmdk jsvY?« zfdm sofnt bf jvfv jfvB k]fsj httfm.
zfsvf httfm sp, zfïfr kfzftfv ˆ hfBDW zfdm wcsbdY, dkdb hstb, ªskfmvf
zfk¹rkAf jsvf bf. dbÇyq zfïfr skfmfslv iadk hV lqfwDt.« (jc} 4/29)
ˆjKf wcsb dkdb rfnstb ˆhQ zfv djYcƒ htstb bf. (hc}, n}zflf} 323bQ, zf}, rf}, lfvf}, ƒdr})
6. sjht mdrtfslv ubA mdrtf }
mdrtf mdrtf bfmfpDslv ƒmfmdk jvsk ifsv. …s©m zvfjfr dhb bfWIft (vf})
mrfbhD -ˆv dbslGwmsk k]fv idvhfsvv mdrtfslv ƒmfmdk jvskb. (zflf} 591-592bQ)
zhwA ˆ s[sÛ mdrtf ƒmfm mdrtfslv jfkfv sYsV icv¢sNv mk nfmsb ˆjfdjbD
l]fVfsh bf. hvQ jfkfsvv mLAJfsb l]fdVsq ƒmfmdk jvsh. (zfvf}, mcrfïf 3/171-173)
zfswifsw shofbf icv¢N bf Kfjst nwsè kjhDv W djvfzfk iVsh. (mh} 30/113)
7. sjht mdrtfslv ubA icv¢N }
sjfb icv¢N sjht mdrtf ufmfzfskv ƒmfmdk jvsk ifsv. ksh wkG rt, mdrtf spb
ˆofbf rq, bsy{ shofbf rst spb ˆjf bf rq, idviCBG ilGfv nfsK ˆjfdLj Kfsj ˆhQ
sjfb iajfv dIkbfv Hq bf Kfsj zKhf kfv nsÌ spb sjfb ˆofbf mdrtf hf zbA icv¢N
Kfsj. (mcm} 4/352)
ˆjlf j¶fvD nfrfhD rpvk …hfƒ dhb jf'h
zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv jfsY zfvu
jvstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! okvfsÛ zfdm ˆjde (zöfHfdhj) jfu jsvdY.' dkdb
htstb, ªsnef dj?« …hfƒ htstb, `djYc mdrtf zfmfv Osv umf rsq htt, zfidb
(Hfstf W shwD) jcvzfb iVsk ifsvb, zfmvf ifdv bf. zkˆh zfidb zfu zfmfslv
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ƒmfmdk jsvb. kfslv ˆƒ zbcsvfsL zfdm kfslvsj dbsq 8 vfjzfk ˆhQ dhkv
isVdY.' ˆ jKf ðsb mrfbhD  yci Kfjstb. zKGf{ k]fv ˆƒ bDvh Kfjf ˆ hAfifsv
k]fv smZbn©mdk rsq sot. (k¶fh}, zfqf})
8. bfhftj djswfv }
Îfbn©iâ bfhftj djswfsvv ubA pdlW bfmfp Ivp bq, khcW hVslv ubA Ivp-
bIt nh bfmfspƒ kfv ƒmfmdk ðÝ.
zfmXv dhb nftfmfr 6-7 hYv hqsn stfsjslv ƒmfmdk jsvsYb. zfv dkdb dYstb
njstv msLA shwD jcvzfsbv rfsIp. (hc} 4302, mc}, zflf} 585bQ)
9. ufvu }
hAdHyfvufk n§Àfsbv sjfb slfN sbƒ. kfv mf-hfsiv slfN kfv OfsV zfnsk ifsv
bf. nckvfQ zbAfbA dlsj spfoAkf Kfjst kfv ƒmfmdk ˆhQ kfv iÇyfsk bfmfp ðÝ.
(mh} 19/147-148)
10. sp bIt hf dHâ Ivp bfmfp iVsY }
sp bIt bfmfp iVsY kfv diYsb Ivp bfmfp ðÝ; spmb kfvfhDrv ufmfzfsk ˆwfv
bfmfp, zKhf zfnsvv ufmfzfsk spfrsvv jfpf bfmfp zKhf jfpf bfmfp zflfqjfvDv
diYsb Ivp bfmfp zflfq jvf ðÝ. ˆ s[sÛ ƒmfm W mcÙÁflDv dbqk dHâ rstW kf
sjfb slfsNv bq. spsrkc uv¢vD rt hfdrAj jmGfhtDsk ƒmfsmv zbcnvB jvf.
rpvk mczfp dhb ufhft mrfbhD -ˆv nfsK ˆwfv bfmfp iVskb. zk}iv dIsv
dosq dbsuv sofsÛv stfsjslv ‰ bfmfpƒ iVfskb. ˆj hBGbfq zfsY sp, ˆ bfmfp k]fv
bIt rk ˆhQ stfsjslv rk Ivp. (hc}, mc}, wfsIqD, lfvf}, hf} 3/86, dm} 1150-1151bQ)
11. n©mfdbk Kfjsk zsi[fjxk jm n©mfdbk stfsjv ƒmfmdk}
n©mfdbk Kfjsk zsi[fjxk jm n©mfdbk hAdÙÁv ƒmfmdk ShL. ˆjlf zfècv
vrmfb dhb zfWsIv iÇyfsk mrfbhD  bfmfp isVsYb. (mc} 274bQ)

ppffssllvv ƒ
ƒmmffmmddk
kððÝ
Ý bbqq
1. icv¢sNv ubA mdrtf }
icv¢sNv ubA mdrtfv ƒmfmdk ShL W ðÝ bq. mrfbhD  hstb, ªsn ufdk sjfb
dlb nIt rsh bf, sp ufdk kfslv jmGHfv ˆjub mdrtfsj nmiGB jvsh.« (hc}, dk}, hf})
htf hfùtA, mdrtf pk hVƒ spfoA srfj, mcÙÁflD dbsuv sYst srfj zKhf zbA sj…
srfj, öfmD ufsrt ˆhQ ²ÃD jcvzfsbv rfsIp srfj khcW sjfb s[sÛƒ mdrtf icv¢sNv
ƒmfmdk jvsk ifsv bf. ˆde icv¢sNv ˆjde ök§Ã ShdwóA. (I…} 1/382)
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2. mcwdvj W dhlzfkD }
sp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv nfsK sjfb ƒhflsk zbA sjfb nxdósj wvDj jsv, spmb mfpfv iCuf
jsv, mfpfsv dosq dnulf, bpv-dbqfp, mfbk, jcvhfbD, kWqfI iaHdx k dbshlb jsv,
snJfsb ncJ-nmxdÝ hf n§Àfb yfq, nfrfpA iafKGbf jsv, sp hAdÙÁ ofqhD (zlxswAv Jhv
ufbfv) lfhD jsv W stfsjv rfk hf HfoA-HdhNAk hst slq, sp (sjfb ið hf ifJDv
yfmVf, rfV, stfm hf iftj dlsq, sjfb ofYiftfv dwjV hf Ict-ifkf dlsq, jfsvf
jfisVv sjfb zQw dlsq, dIdvñf, dub, bhD, nfrfhD, WtD hf wqkfsbv bfm dtsJ
zKhf dhdHâ nQJAfv bjwf hfdbsq, zKhf skst±mfdk dhdHâ jfvnfdu jsv, sbfQvf W
bfifj sjfb dudbn dlsq) dwjGD kfhDp dtsJ, sp hAdÙÁ lcƒ usbv mfsU (dhswN jsv
öfmD-²ÃDv mfsU) siam hf dhsäN nxdó jvfv ubA kfhDp jsv, spfo hf pflc jsv, ˆ swaBDv
ƒmfsmv bfmfp ðÝ bq, ƒmfmdk ðÝ bq ˆhQ kfv iÇyfsk bfmfpW ðÝ bq. (mh}
19/159, 22/82, 24/78, 89, 26/97, 28/55)
klbcv™i dhlzfkD pdl dhlzfsk mcjfIXdIvfr hf ˆmb dhlzfk jsv pfsk mfbcN
jfsIv rsq pfq, kfrst sn dhlzfkDv diYsb bfmfp ðÝ bq.
3. Ifsnj }
Ifsnj rt snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp zShL, rfvfm hf dbdNÝ jfu jsv ˆhQ Ivp hf Wqfsuh
jfu kAfo jsv; zKGf{ jfhDvf sofbfr jsv. spmb, LCmifb jsv, dhdV-dnofsve, ulGf-
kfmfj iaHdx k mfljûhA hAhrfv jsv, zKhf nCl hf Ocn Jfq, zKhf dmKAf hst, zKhf
(zShL siam) hAdHyfv jsv, zKhf lfdV y]fsY hf (ˆj mcdEv jm) sY]se sIst, zKhf
mcwdvjslv pshr (rftft msb bf jsv) Jfq, (rftft msb jsv sJst kfv diYsb bfmfp
rsh bf.) zKhf ²ÃD-jbAfsj shilGf svsJ kfslv hAfifsv „NGfrDb rq, zKhf mf-hfisj
slsJ bf hf kfslvsj Hfk slq bf ƒkAfdl.
…ÙÁ njt hAdÙÁ ˆhQ kfslv zbcv™i zbAfbA hAdÙÁv diYsb bfmfp mjv™r
(ziY¦lbDq). dhLfq kfsj ƒmfmv™si dbhGfyb W dbsqfo jvf ShL W …dyk bq.
dj§Â pdl sjfb jfvsB hf yfsi isV hfLA rsqƒ kfv diYsb bfmfp iVskƒ rq, kfrst
bfmfp rsq pfsh. (mh} 5/290, 300, 6/251, 15/80, 18/90, 111, 19/152, 22/75, 77, 92, 24/78)
nfrfhfosBv pfmfbfq nfrfhfoB Ifsnsjv diYsb bfmfp isVsYb. rpvk zfècïfr
dhb …mfv
rfÏfsuv diYsb bfmfp isVsYb. (hc}) zfhC nf„l JclvD
mfvWqfsbv
diYsb bfmfp isVsYb. (mc}, zflf}, dk})
rpvk Wnmfb
dIkbfv nmq pJb öoxr zhv¢Ý dYstb, kJb …hfƒlcïfr dhb
zflD dhb dJqfv k]fv dbje …id²¿k rsq htstb, `zfidb ubnfLfvsBv ƒmfm. zfv
zfibfv …iv sp dhil ˆsnsY kf skf slJskƒ ifs¤Yb. dIkbfv ƒmfm zfmfslv
bfmfspv ƒmfmdk jvsY; zKy kfv iÇyfsk bfmfp iVsk zfmvf däLfshfL jdv.' dkdb
htstb, `bfmfp rt mfbcsNv nhGswaô zfmt. nckvfQ stfsj Hfstf hAhrfv jvst kfslv
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217

nfsKW Hfstf hAhrfv jv. zfv m¦l hAhrfv jvst kfslv nfsK m¦l hAhrfv jvf sKsj
lCsv Kfj.' (hc} 695, dm} 623bQ)
4. ƒmfmdkv dhdbmsq zKGoarBjfvD hAdÙÁ }
ƒmfmdksj sp zKGjvD siwf msb jsv ƒmfmdk jsv; zKGf{, sjht iqnfv Lf¦lfq
ƒmfmdk jsv, ˆmb ƒmfsmv iÇyfsk bfmfp mjv™r.
zfhC lf†l hstb, (ƒmfm) zfrmfl ˆmb ƒmfsmv hAfifsv duÎfdnk rstb, sp hst,
`zfdm ˆk ˆk (efjfv) dhdbmsq vmpfsb skfmfslv ƒmfmdk jvh.' dkdb htstb,
`zfïfrv jfsY dbvfiÙf yfƒ. sj ˆv siYsb bfmfp iVsh?' (mfvf} 99ix})
iajfw Kfsj sp, ƒmfmdkv ubA snZubA nrjfsv ƒmfmsj shkb, Hfkf hf dhdbmq
slWqf mcÙÁflDslv jkGhA. ƒmfsmv …dyk, sjfb ycdÙÁ bf jvf; hvQ mcÙÁflDslv dhshsjv
…iv pf ifq kfskƒ n§Âó rsq zfïfrv Wqfs²À ƒmfmdkv lfdqk¶ iftb jvf. i[f§Àsv
ufmfzfskv …dyk, ƒmfsmv ˆƒ äDblfvDsj n²Àfv ncspfov™si hAhrfv bf jvf. hvQ
dhshj, bAfpA W …dyk mk k]fv jftfdkifskv hAh²¿f jsv slWqf. spmb …dyk bq
ˆhQ zfslZ …dyk bq, ƒmfm nfsrhsj ufmfzfskv `sjbf softfm' msb jvf.
5. dj¶vfzfk Hct pfv }
sp jcvzfb iVsk ˆmb Hct isV, pfsk mfsb hlst pfq, kfv ƒmfmdk W kfv diYsb
sp Hfstf jcvzfb iVsk ifsv kfv bfmfp ðÝ bq. (I…} 1/369, mh} 20/148)
htf hfùtA, Hct dj¶vfzfkjfvDv diYsb j¶fvDv bfmfp ðÝ bq. ksh zj¶fvDv bfmfp
rsq pfsh. zhwA pdl sjfb j¶fvD Hct dj¶vfzfkjfvDv diYsb zufs§À l]fdVsq bfmfp
isV sbq, kfrst kfv bfmfp rsq pfsh. (nfuf} 121ix})
nckvfQ sp njt mndusl n²Àf lsv zj¶fvD ƒmfm vfJf rq, sn njt oafm wrsvv
j¶fvDslv (pfvf ƒmfm zsi[f Hfstf jcvzfb iVsk ifsv kfslv) bfmfspv zh²¿f dj
rsh kf mnduslv mkWqfïDslvsj sHsh slJf lvjfv.
6. pfsj mcÙÁflDvf ziY¦l jsv }
ydvÛok hf dw[fok sjfb jfvsB mcÙÁflDvf ƒmfmsj ziY¦l jvst ƒmfsmv bfmfp
zfïfrv lvhfsv jhct bq. nckvfQ susbðsb kfv ƒmfmdk jvf ShL bq. mrfbhD 
hstb, ªdkb hAdÙÁv bfmfp kfslv jfb zdkÛÁm jsv bf; itfkj
ÛÁDklfn, pk[B bf
sn dIsv
ˆsnsY,
ˆmb
²ÃD pfv
öfmD kfv
…iv vfofd¦hk zh²¿fq vfdÛpfib jsvsY,
(pk[B bf sn vfuD rsqsY), (zKhf sp
²ÃD kfv
öfmDv zhfLAfyvB jsvsY, sn kfv hfLAf
bf rWqf ipG§À) ˆhQ snƒ n©ialfsqv ƒmfm, pfsj stfsj ziY¦l jsv.« (dk}, k¶fhf, rf},
dnn} 288, 650bQ)
zhwA hAdÙÁok sjfb jfvsB sj… sj… ƒmfmsj ziY¦l jvst, slfN sbƒ zKy
kfsj JfmfJf sj… ziY¦l jvst zKhf shwD nQJAj stfj iY¦l ˆhQ z¬i nQJAj
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218

stfj ziY¦l jvst jfsvf sjfb [dk rq bf. zhwA [dk kfv rq, sp ˆjub dbslGfN
mfbcNsj JfmfJf ziY¦l jsv. khcW ÎfbD ƒmfsmv …dyk, sp ufmfzfskv zdLjfQw
stfj kfsj ziY¦l jsv, sn ufmfzfskv ƒmfmdk kAfo jvf ˆhQ kfv ƒmfmdksj
sj¦û jsv ufmfzfskv mfsU dhd¤Yâkf W UoVf-dhhfl nxdó bf jvf.
7. ncâfrkAfoD }
sp mfbcN ncâfrv ifh¦l bq; ncâk bfmfp-svfpf ƒkAfdl kAfo jsv, dbÇyq sn mfbcN
ivsrpofv W Hfstf stfj bq. ksh sn sp ifiD kf sj… htsk ifsv bf. zkˆh kfv
diYsb bfmfp iVsk sjfb slfN sbƒ. klbcv™i sjfb dhkjG Kfjfv Ist hf sjfb
ns¦lsrv jfvsB sj… sjfb ncâfr kAfo jvst; spmb hcsjv …iv rfk bf h]fLst, v¢jCv
zfso-isv vIXsq qAflfƒb bf jvst hf sufsv zfmDb bf htstW kfv diYsb bfmfp
iVsk sjfb slfN sbƒ. (mh} 25/46)
8. siwfh-Uvf svfoD }
sp hAdÙÁv nhGlf siwfh Uvfv svfo zfsY sn hAdÙÁv ƒmfmdk ðÝ bq. (Iƒ} 1/397)

9. shfhf }
shfhfv diYsb bfmfp iVst bfmfp ðÝ. dj§Â kfsj ƒmfm jvf pfsh bf. spsrkc sn
kjhDv ðbfsk W survD bfmfsp dj¶vfzfk jvsk z[m. (mcm} 4/320)
10. utdlhfu }
sp hAdÙÁ EjfEj jfsjv lfbf JfWqfv mk bfmfp isV ˆhQ iÇyfsk mcÙÁflDvf kfv
zbcnvB jvsk n[m rq bf, v¢jC W dnulf sKsj …sE diE snfuf jsv bf, kfv bfmfp
ˆhQ kfv iÇyfsk mcÙÁflDslvW bfmfp rq bf. (mh} 15/67)
11. shWpC hAdÙÁ }
sjfb ƒmfm bfifj hf shWpC zh²¿fq bfmfp iVst ˆhQ nftfm dIvfv iv kf ufbsk
ifvst sjht kfv bfmfp hfdkt rsh ˆhQ mcÙÁflDslv bfmfp ðÝ rsq pfsh. sjht
ƒmfmƒ ‰ bfmfp icbvfq iVsh, mcÙÁflDvf bq. (zfƒ} 147ix}) susbðsb sjfb shWpCv
diYsb bfmfp rsh bf.
12. svdFW-dedHv ƒmfm }
sjfb icv¢N zKhf mdrtf, nc²¿ zKhf znc²¿, Wusv zKhf dhbf Wusv svdFW hf dedHv
diYsb l]fdVsq n©iayfdvk sjfb mnduslv Ivp zKhf bIt, ucmzfr zKhf zbA sp
sjfb bfmfsp kfv ƒmfsmv zbcnvB jvf ShL bq. pdlW kfslv hfnf …ÙÁ mnduslv
ifsw srfj zKhf nfmsb, …isv srfj zKhf diYsb. sjfb zh²¿fskƒ mndusl rfduv
bf rsq lCv sKsj sjht wè zKhf wè W Ydhv zbcjvB jsv ufmfzfk ifWqf pfq bf.
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(nfuf} 173ix})

ƒƒmmffmm W
W mmÙ
cÙ
c ÁÁffllDDvv llf] f] V
Vffhhffvv ²
²f¿ f¿ bb W
W ddbbqqmm
mcÙÁflDv nQJAf drnfsh ƒmfm W mcÙÁflDv l]fVfsbfv dbqm-iÝdk dhdHâ vjm.
1. ƒmfsmv nfsK mfÛ ˆjub mcÙÁflD (icv¢N hf dwð) rst …Hsq ˆjƒ nfsK
nmfbHfsh l]fVfsh; ƒmfm h]fsq ˆhQ mcÙÁflD rsh Ffsb. ˆ s[sÛ ƒmfm ˆjec zfso ˆhQ
mcÙÁflD ˆjec diYsb zfofdiYf rsq l]fVfsh bf. ƒhsb zfêfn
-sj mrfbhD  dbsuv
hvfhv l]fV jdvsqdYstb. (hc} 697bQ) mxkcAsvfsov nmq dkdb zfhC hfjXv
-ˆv hfm
ifsw k]fv hvfhv ˆsn hsndYstb. (‰ 198bQ)
bfsI' hstb, `ˆjlf zfdm sjfb bfmfsp zfècïfr dhb …mfv
-ˆv diYsb l]fVftfm,
zfv zfdm YfVf k]fv nfsK zbA sj… dYt bf. dkdb zfmfsj k]fv rfk äfvf k]fv
ifwfifdw hvfhv jsv l]fV jvfstb.' (mf} 1/154) zbcv™i hdBGk zfsY rpvk …mfv

jkGjx W.
ˆ ubAƒ ƒmfm hcJfvD k]fv nrDr oas§¿ …ÙÁ dhNqj idvs¤Yl h]fLfv nmq hstb, `lcub
rst (mcÙÁflD) ƒmfsmv ifwfifdw kfv hvfhv Ffb dlsj l]fVfsh.' (hc} 697, dnn} 2590
bQ, 6/175-176)
ÎfkhA sp, ˆjj mcÙÁflDv ƒmfsmv Ffsb l]fVfsbf ncâk hf mc²Àfrfh. zKGf{, pdl sj…
ƒmfsmv hfsm l]fdVsq bfmfp swN jsv, kfrst ƒmfm-mcÙÁflD jfsvf bfmfspv sjfb [dk
rsh bf. (mcm} 4/375, nfuf} 111ix})
2. mcÙÁflD 2 ub hf kfv shwD (icv¢N) rst ƒmfsmv iÇyfsk jfkfv h]fLsh.
ufshv
hstb, ˆjlf mrfbhD  mfosvshv bfmfp iVfv ubA l]fVfstb. ˆƒ nmq
zfdm ˆsn k]fv hfm dlsj l]fVftfm. dkdb zfmfv rfk Lsv Ocdvsq k]fv Ffb dlsj l]fV
jvfstb. ƒdkmsLA ufêfv dhb nfJXv
ˆstb. dkdb k]fv hfm dlsj l]fdVsq sostb.
dkdb zfmfslv …Hsqv rfk Lsv LfÄf dlsq k]fv iÇyfsk l]fV jdvsq dlstb. (mc}, zflf},
dm} 1107bQ)
…sïJA sp, lcƒ ub mcÙÁflD pdl ƒmfsmv Ffsb-hfsm l]fdVsq bfmfp isV kfrst bfmfspv
sjfb [dk rsh bf. (mcm} 4/370) bfmfp rsq pfsh, jfvB ƒhsb mfn†l zftj¶fmfr W
zfnWqfslv mfsU l]fdVsq ƒmfmdk jsvsYb ˆhQ dkdb bhD -sj ‰v™i l]fVfsk
slsJsYb. (zflf}, ƒo} 538bQ) zhwA mrfbhD -ˆv nfLfvB ncâfr rt, dkb ub rst
ˆjub nfmsb ƒmfm ˆhQ lcƒ usbv diYsb jfkfv h]fLf. i[f§Àsv zfso-disY ufqof
bf Kfjst skf ˆj nfdvsk l]fVfsk hfLAƒ rsh.
3. mcÙÁflD ˆjub mdrtf rst (sn dbsuv ²ÃD rstW) ƒmfm (öfmDv) ifwfifdw hvfhv
bf l]fdVsq kfv diYsb l]fVfsh. (zflfhcp dpIfI, zfthfbD 96ix} û})
4. mcÙÁflD lcƒ hf kskfdLj icv¢N rst ˆhQ ˆjub mdrtf rst, ƒmfsmv diYsb
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220

icv¢Nvf jfkfv h]fLsh ˆhQ mdrtf nhswsN ˆjf l]fVfsh.

ˆjlf rpvk zfbfn
-ˆv Osv zfïfrv vnCt  ƒmfmdk jsvb. zfbfn
W
k]fv Osvv ˆj ˆkDm l]fVfb bhD -ˆv disY ˆhQ k]fv zf©mf l]fVfb k]fslv disY
(ˆjf). (hc}, mc}, dm} 1108-1109bQ)
5. mcÙÁflD ˆjub dwð W ˆjub hf ˆjfdLj icv¢N rst dwðW icv¢Nslv jfkfsv
wfdmt rsq l]fVfsh.
6. mcÙÁflD lcƒ hf lcsqv zdLj icv¢N, dwð W mdrtf rst, ƒmfsmv diYsb icv¢Nvf,
zk}iv dwðvf ˆhQ nhswsN mdrtfvf jfkfv h]fLsh.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªicv¢Nslv swaô jfkfv rt iaKm jfkfv ˆhQ dbjxó jfkfv rt
nhGswN jfkfv. zfv mdrtfslv swaô jfkfv rt nhGswN jfkfv ˆhQ dbjxó jfkfv rt
iaKm jfkfv.« (mc}, zf}, nczf}, dm} 1092bQ)
iajfw Kfsj sp, dwð sYstslv ixKj jfkfv jvfv sjfb nrDr ltDt sbƒ. kfƒ dwð
sYstvfW icv¢Nslv nsÌ jfkfv jvsk ifsv. (kfdm} 284ix})
7. ƒmfsmv nfmsb jfkfv sh]sL bfmfp rq bf. zhwA dH]sVv nmq ƒmfsmv nfmsb YfVf
sjfb dlsj ufqof bf Kfjst dbv¢ifq zh²¿fq bfmfp rsq pfsh. (mcm} 4/372-373)
ianÌk} …sïJA sp, ucmzfr W „slv bfmfspv ufmfzfsk pdl ˆk dH]V rq sp
dnulfv ubA ufqof bf ifWqf pfq, kfrst nfmsbv mcnïDv disE dnulf jsv bfmfp
n©iâ jvsk rsh. ˆ s[sÛ ufqof sbƒ hst zsi[f jsv däkDq ufmfzfk jfsqm jvf
pfsh bf. ˆjlf rpvk …mfv dhb JfÙfh
Jckhfq hstb, `dH]V shwD rst skfmfslv
ˆjub spb zivusbv disE dnulf jsv.' (zf} 1/32, hf} 3/182-183, zfvf} 5465,
5469bQ, kfdm} 341ix})
8. ƒmfsmv dbjehkGD l]fVfsh ÎfbD stfsjvf. pfsk k]fvf ƒmfsmv sjfb Hct yeX jsv
Lsv dlsk ifsvb ˆhQ ƒmfm bfmfp iVfsk iVfsk sjfb jfvsB bfmfp YfVsk hfLA rst
k]fslv sj… ufmfzfskv hfjD jfu n©iâ jvsk ifsvb. htf hfùtA, nfLfvB mCJG
mfbcNslv ƒmfsmv nvfndv iÇyfsk l]fVfsbf …dyk bq. ÎfbD (zfstm-rfsIp-j¶fvD)
mfbcNslv ubA ƒmfsmv ifwG¶hkGD ufqof sYsV vfJf …dyk.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsnƒ stfjslvsj zfmfv dbjehkGD l]fVfsbf …dyk, pfvf ÎfbD W
hcdÝmfb stfj. zk}iv kfvf pfvf kfslv sysq jm Îfsbv. zk}iv kfvf pfvf kfslv
sKsj jm Îfsbv. zfv skfmvf hfufsvv Iftkc jKf (SrSy) sKsj lCsv Kfj.« (mc}, zf},
zflf}, dk}, dm} 1089bQ)
9. nfmsbv jfkfsv ufqof Kfjsk diYsb ˆjfjD l]fdVsq bfmfp iVst bfmfp rq bf.
ˆj hAdÙÁ jfkfsvv diYsb ˆjf l]fdVsq bfmfp iVst mrfbhD  kfsj bfmfp dIdvsq
iVsk htstb. (zflf} 682bQ, dk}, ƒmf})
dkdb hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ jfkfsvv disY ˆjf bfmfp isV, sn spb bfmfp dIdvsq isV.«
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221

(ƒdr})
zkˆh pdl sjfb hAdÙÁ ufmfzfsk ˆsn slsJ sp, jfkfv idviCBG, kfrst sn jfkfsv
sjfKfW I]fj Kfjst snJfsb iashw jvsh. bsy{ nfmfbA[B jfsvf zsi[f jsv sj…
ˆst kfv nsÌ jfkfv h]fLf …dyk. sn zfwf bf Kfjst hf ufmfzfk Ycefv Hq Kfjst
(dmrvfh YfVf hfƒsv bfmfp iVfv nmq) pdl ƒmfsmv ifsw ufqof Kfsj ˆhQ snJfsb
pfWqf n©Hh rq, kfrst kfv ifsw dosq l]fVfsh ˆhQ ˆ nh …ifq Kfjsk diYsb ˆjf
l]fVfsh bf.
iv§Â jfkfv h]fLfv ubA nfmsbv jfkfv sKsj jf…sj sesb sbWqf dEj bq. ˆ
hAfifsv sp rflDn ˆsnsY kf nrDr W ðÝ bq. (puf} 2261bQ) kfYfVf ˆ jfsu ˆjfdLj
[dkW vsqsY. spmb; sp mcnïDsj efbf rsh kfv bfmfspv ˆjfoakf bó rsh, iaKm
jfkfsvv IpDtk sKsj hdÑk rsh, jfkfsvv mfsU I]fj rsq pfsh, snƒ I]fj há jvfv
ubA ifswv mcnïD nsv zfnsk hfLA rsh, Ist kfv ufqof I]fj rsh ˆhQ swN ipG§À
iaKm hf nfmsbv jfkfsvv Ffb zKhf hfm dljjfv njt mcnïDsj bVsk-nvsk rsh.
zfv ˆsk kfslv njstv ˆjfoakf bó rsh. zhwA rflDn nrDr rst ˆk [dk öDjfv
jvsk hfLf dYt bf.
klbcv™i ƒmfsmv ifsw spskW pdl zbcv™i [dkv dwjfv rsk rq, kfrst kfW jvf
pfsh bf.
dEj kû™iƒ ufqof bf KfjstW jfkfsvv mcnïDslvsj ˆj ˆj jsv sEst zKhf nsv
spsk ƒdÌk jsv ufqof jsv sbWqfskW ‰ mcnïDslv bfmfspv ˆjfoakfq hV hAfOfk
nxdó rq. nckvfQ ˆ jfuW ShL bq.
htf hfùtA, ˆ hAfifsv ndEj Ifqnftf ˆƒ sp, nfmsb jfkfsv ufqof bf sist diYsb
ˆjf l]fdVsqƒ bfmfp rsq pfsh. jfvB, sn dbv¢ifq. zfv mrfb zfïfr jf…sj kfv
nfsLAv hfƒsv Hfv slb bf. (dthfmf} 227ix})
iajfw Kfsj sp, mdrtf ufmfzfskv mdrtf jfkfsv ufqof Kfjsk sp mdrtf diYsb
ˆjf l]fdVsq bfmfp iVsh kfvW bfmfp icv¢sNv mkƒ rsh bf. (mcm} 4/387) i[f§Àsv
icv¢Nslv diYsb ˆjf l]fdVsq mdrtfv bfmfp rsq pfsh.
10. ƒmfm mcÙÁflD sKsj …]yc ufqofq l]fVfsk ifsv bf. jfvB, mrfbhD  jkGj x ˆv™i
l]fVfsbfv hAfifsv dbsNLfÎf ˆsnsY. (nzflf} 610-611, rf}, dm} 1692, nuf} 6842bQ)
ˆjlf ùpfƒIf
mflfsqsb ˆjde …]yc ufqofq l]fdVsq stfsjslv ƒmfmdk jvsk
tfostb. kf slsJ zfhC mfn†l
k]fv ufmf Lsv sesb k]fsj dbsy bfdmsq dlstb.
bfmfspv nftfm sIvfv iv dkdb ùpfƒIfsj htstb, `zfidb dj ufsbb bf sp, ˆv™i
l]fVfsbf dbdNÝ?' dkdb htstb, `uD r]Af, pJbƒ zfidb zfmfsj efb dlstb, kJbƒ
zfmfv msb isV sot.' (zflf} 597bQ, ƒdr})
zhwA dw[f slWqfv ubA …]yc ufqofq l]fdVsq bfmfp iVfsbf pfq. spmb bhD
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222

mchfwXdwv  dmìsvv …iv JfVf rsq bfmfp isV nfrfhfslvsj dw[f dlsqdYstb. (hc}
377bQ, mc}) zfv ˆƒ rflDnsj dHdÙ jsvƒ …tfmfoB hstb, dmìsvv ˆj dndV idvmfB
(iafq ˆj rfk) mk …]yc ufqofq l]fdVsq ƒmfmdk jvst slfNfhr bq. (mfvfnf} 100ix},
mcm} 4/424-426)
i[f§Àsv mcÙÁflD ƒmfm sKsj …]yc ufqofq l]fVfsk ifsv. rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf dbsyv
ƒmfsmv ƒsÙÁlf jsv mnduslv Yfslv …iv ufmfzfsk bfmfp isVsYb. (wfsIqD, hf}, hc}
kf'tDj)
11. iaKm jfkfsv l]fdVsq bfmfp iVfv ixKj mfrfk¹A zfsY. zfïfrv vnCt  hstb,
ªstfsjvf pdl zfpfb W iaKm jfkfsv dbdrk mfrfk¹A ufbk, kfrst kf zuGb jvfv
ubA tefdv jvf YfVf zfv zbA sjfb …ifq bf sist kfvf tefdvƒ jvk.« (hc}615bQ,
mc}437bQ)
dkdb hstsYb, ªzhwAƒ zfïfr iaKm jfkfv W nfmsbv jfkfvnmCsrv iadk vrmk
hNGB jsvb ˆhQ dIdvñfoB kfslv ubA lczf jsv Kfsjb.« (zf}, nkf}489bQ)
ˆjlf dkdb nfrfhfslvsj iÇyflXil rsk slsJ htstb, ªskfmvf zoanv rW ˆhQ
zfmfv zbcnvB jv. zfv skfmfslv diYsbv stfj skfmfslv zbcnvB jv¢j. ˆj
swaBDv stfj diYsb Kfjsk yfƒsh, Ist zfïfr kfslvsj (dbu vrmk sKsj) diYsb
sIst slshb.« (mc}, dm} 1090bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªsjfb n©ialfq iaKm jfkfv sKsj diYsb nsv zfnsk
Kfjst zhswsN zfïfr kfslvsj ufrfâfsm iÇyfäkDG jsv slshb.« (zKGf{, ufrfâfsm
zfesj svsJ nhfv swsN ufâfk spsk slshb, zfv sn iaKm dlsj ufâfk spsk ifvsh
bf.) (zf…bct mf'hCl 2/264bQ, zfhC lf…l, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmfr, ƒhsb drêfb, nrDr kfvoDh 507bQ)
12. iaKm jfkfsv Ffb dlsjv ufqof zsi[fjxk …Ùm. nfrfhD hfvf' dhb zfsph
hstb, `zfmvf zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv Ffb dlsj l]fVfhfv syóf jvkfm. pfsk dkdb
zfmfslv dlsj mcJ jsv dIsv hsnb.' (mc} 709, zflf} 615bQ)
13. ƒmfsmv Ffsb-hfsm stfj spb nmfb-nmfb rq. zkˆh jfkfv h]fLfv nmq kf
sJqft vfJf ncâk. spsrkc 2 ub mcÙÁflD rst ˆhQ zfso-disY ufqof bf Kfjst ˆjub
ƒmfsmv Ffsb W zivub hfsm l]fVfsk rq. kfYfVf ƒmfsmv jfYfjfdY l]fVfsbfvW
IpDtk zfsY. nckvfQ nfLfvBHfsh ƒmfsmv Ffb dlsj l]fVfsbf …Ùm bq. spmb
ƒmfsmv hfm dlsj stfj jm Kfjst Ffb dlsj l]fVfsbf sKsj hfm dlsj l]fVfsbf …Ùm.
jfvB kJb hfm dljef ƒmfsmv zdLj jfYfjfdY. i[f§Àsv Ffsb-hfsm pdl stfj nmfb
nmfb Kfsj, kfrst hfsmv sKsj Ffb dlj zhwAƒ …Ùm. (mcm} 3/19)
14. (dhvt mfnzftfq) pdl sjfb ²¿fb-jfst sjfb ufmfzfskv slsr nkv Tfjfv
mk sthfn bf Kfsj kfrst ƒmfm nfmsb bf l]fdVsq jfkfsvv mfsU l]fVfsh. zhwA Ob
zájfv zKhf mcÙÁflDvf zá rst dhh²Ã ƒmfm nfmsb l]fVfsh. (mcm} 4/389)
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223

ƒƒmmffssmmvv j
jkkh
Gh
G AA
1. ƒmfmdkv dbqk }
nfLfvBHfsh ƒmfmdkv dbqk (nQj¬i) uv¢vD. (mh} 15/70) zhwA ˆjfjD bfmfp
iVf zh²¿fq sj… ufmfzfskv dbqsk kfv nfsK wfdmt rst ufmfzfk rsq pfsh. ˆ
s[sÛ bfmfp iVsk iVsk ƒmfmdkv nQj¬i jsv sbWqf psKó rsh. bfmfp ðv¢ jvfv
zfso sKsj ƒmfmdkv dbqk uv¢vD bq. (‰ 17/59) rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfêfn hstb,
ˆj vfsÛ zfdm zfmfv Jftf mfqmCbfv Osv wcsq dYtfm. bhD  vfsÛ …sE pJb bfmfp
iVsk tfostb, kJb zfdmW k]fv nfsK wfdmt rsq sotfm. (hc}, mc}, zf}, nczf)
ˆjlf mrfbhD  ˆj hAdÙÁsj ˆjfjD bfmfp iVf slsJ htstb, ªsj zfsY sp ˆv
ubA nfljfr jvsh? (ˆv nWqfh hLGb jvsh?)« ˆ jKf ðsb ˆj hAdÙÁ …sE kfv nfsK
bfmfp iVt. (zflf}, dk})

2. jfkfv snfuf jvsk htf }

bhD mchfwXdwv  bfmfsp ƒmfmdkv ufqofq l]fdVsq mcÙÁflDslv dlsj mcJ jsv
kfslvsj dhdHâ dbslGw dlskb. (hc} 719bQ) spmb, ªskfmvf snfuf rsq l]fVfW.«
ªjfkfv snfuf jv.« ªjfkfv iCBG jv.« ªOb rsq l]fVfW.« ªnfmsb ˆn.« ªOfV W
j]fLnmCrsj nmipGfsq snfuf jv.« ªiaKm jfkfvsj zfso iCBG jv, kfviv kfv isvv
jfkfvsj. ziCBG Kfjst spb swsNv jfkfv Kfsj.« ªjfkfsvv I]fj há jv.«
ªhfufsvv mk Sr-Sy jvf sKsj lCsv Kfj.« ƒkAfdl.
jfkfsv sj… zfso-disY nsv Kfjst kfsj hvfhv rsk htf ˆmb dj dbsu jfsY dosq
jfkfv snfuf jvf ƒmfsmv jkGhA. zfv pk[B ipG§À bf jfkfv iCBvG ™si snfuf rsqsY
kk[B ipG§À bfmfp ðv¢ jvf …dyk bq. (mcm} 3/16) hvQ jfkfv snfuf W dEj rWqfv
zfso ƒmfsmv bfmfp ðv¢ jvf dhlzfk. (zfbf} 74ix})
bc'mfb dhb hfwDv
hstb, `zfmvf bfmfsp l]fVfst zfïfrv vnCt  zfmfslv
jfkfv snfuf jvskb. zk}iv zfmvf snfuf rsq l]fdVsq sost kshƒ kjhDv
dlskb.' (hc} 717, mc} 436, zflf} 665bQ)
3. mcÙÁflDslv sJqft jsv bfmfp rfîf jsv iVf }
ufmfzfsk dhdHâ Lvsbv stfj bfmfp isV Kfsj. ƒmfsmv …dyk, dbsuv ƒ¤Yfmk
bfmfp bf iVf; hvQ kfslv sJqft svsJ dj¶vfzfk ƒkAfdl tìf jvf. zhwA jfsvf ƒ¤Yf
zbcnfsv bfmfp ˆmb rfîf jvf …dyk bq, pfsk bfmfspv dhbq, LDvkf-d²¿vkf,
idviCBvG ™si v¢jXb-Wqfsuh-ncâk zfdl zflfq hAfrk rq. htf hfùtA, pfsk …Hq dlj
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hufq Kfsj kfv sJqft zhwAƒ vfJsk rsh.

zfbfn
hstb, `zfdm bhD  zsi[f sjfb ƒmfsmv diYsb zdLj nQs[i zKy
zdLj idviCBG bfmfp idV db. ˆmb dj dkdb pJb sjfb dwðv jfâf ðbskb kJb kfv
mfsqv …däo´ rWqfv zfwQjfq bfmfp nQs[i jvskb.' (hc} 708bQ, mc})
mrfbhD  hstb, ªzfdm zsbj nmq bfmfp ðv¢ jsv kf tìf jvsk ƒ¤Yf jdv. dj§Â
pJb zfdm sjfb dwðv jfâf ðdb, kJb zfmfv bfmfpsj nQs[i jdv. jfvB, kfv
jfâfq kfv mfsqv msbv …säo sp shsV pfsh kf zfdm ufdb.« (hc} 709bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªpJb skfmfslv sj… stfsjslv bfmfp iVfq, kJb sn spb rfîf jsv
isV. sjbbf, kfslv msLA svfoD, lcht G W hxÝ stfj Kfsj. zhwA pJb skfmfslv sj…
ˆjf bfmfp isV, kJb sn pk ƒ¤Yf tìf jvsk ifsv.« (hc} 703bQ, mc})
ˆj hAdÙÁ htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfïfrv jnm! zfdm Iusvv bfmfsp zmcsjv
jfvsB rfduv rƒ bf; sn zfmfslv bfmfp Jch tìf jsv iVfq.' zfhC mfn†l
hstb,
`ˆv iv sndlb zfïfrv vnCt -sj Wqfsp spv™i vfofd¦hk rsk slsJdY snv™i zfv
zbA sjfb dlb sldJ db. dkdb htstb, ªskfmfslv sj… sj… stfjslvsj (ufmfzfskv
iadk) hDkwaÝ jsv skfst. skfmfslv sp sj… sjfb bfmfspv ƒmfmdk jsv sn spb
bfmfp nQs[i jsv isV. sjbbf, kfslv msLA lcht G , hxÝ W (dhdHâ) iasqfub-Wqftf
stfj zfsY.« (hc} 702bQ, mc})
mrfbhD  hstb, ªufmfzfskv nhsysq lcht G hAdÙÁv sJqft jsv bfmfp iVfW. zfv
ˆmb mczfpXdpb svsJf bf, sp zfpfsbv ifdvwadmj yfq.« (k¶fh}, nuf} 3773bQ)
dkdb mczfp
sj ˆwfv ƒmfmdksk tìf dj¶vfzfk iVsk dbsNL jsv hstdYstb,
ªkcdm dj stfjslvsj dIkbfq sItsk yfW sr mczfp? kcdm pJb ƒmfmdk jvsh kJb
`zwXwfmdn zp¶rc f-rf, nfdêdrnmf vfdêjft zf'tf, ƒj¶vf dhndm vfdêjf, zïfƒdt ƒpf
qAfowf' ifE jv. jfvB skfmfv iÇyfsk hxÝ,
lcht G W iasqfusb
…lXoaDh mfbcN bfmfp
isV Kfsj. (hc} 705, mc}, bf, dm} 833 bQ)
zfhC zfècïfr mcrf©mfl dhb k¶fvJfb hstb, ˆjlf zfmvf wfqJ ƒmfslv iÇyfsk
bfmfp iVdYtfm. zfmfv ifsw ˆj hAdÙÁ bfmfp iVdYt, -zfmfv msb rq- kfv sjfb
hA²Àkf dYt. pJb bfmfp sKsj Ifsvo rtfm, kJb sn jnm jsv htt, zfv jJsbf
k]fv diYsb bfmfp iVsh bf. zfv snƒ nsÌ mczfspv ‰ rflDn …sïJ jvt. zfdm kfsj
httfm, kcdm sjht ˆƒ rflDndeƒ ufb? zk}iv zfdm kfv jfsY bhD -ˆv bfmfp
tìf jvfv hAfifsv hdBGk rflDnÈdt …sïJ jvtfm. ˆviv zfdm wfqJ ƒmfslv ifsw
hntfm ˆhQ Oebf Jcst httfm. zfdm k]fsj httfm, `zfdm zfibfsj Hfstfhfdn ˆhQ
ˆƒ jfmbf jdv sp, zfibfv dhv¢sÝ spb sjfb iajfv nmfstfybf bf rq. nckvfQ pdl
zfidb bfmfpsj ˆjec rfîf jsv iVskb. dkdb zfmfv ˆ jKf ðsb htstb,
`n©Hhk} zdk dbjse Wvf zfmfv W zfmfv bfmfp sKsj db°jdx k ifsh. ƒqf
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225

nchrfbfïfr! Wslv sj… sj… (lcdbqfv) vfuf-hflwfv nfmsb nfvf dlb l]fdVsq Kfjst
sjfb iajfsvv dhvdÙÁ iajfw jsv bf; zKy Wvf Wslv (äDb-lcdbqfv hflwf) iaHcv
nfmsb nfmfbA nmq l]fVfsk dhvdÙÁshfL jsv?! (mck¶fnf} 188ix})
4. däkDq vfjzfskv kctbfq iaKm vfjzfk lDOG jvf }
iaKm vfjzfksj ˆjec tìf jsv iVf …Ùm. pfsk disY sKsj pfWqf mcnïDvf iaKm
vfjzfskƒ ˆsn wfdmt rsk ifsv.
zfhC jfkflfr jkGjx hdBGk, mrfbhD  spfrsvv bfmfsp däkDq vfjzfskv kctbfq
iaKm vfjzfk tìf jsv iVskb. zbcv™i zfnv W Iusvv bfmfspW. (hc}, mc}, zflf}
800 bQ) zfhC lf†slv hBGbfq zfsvf htf rsqsY sp, zfmvf msb jvkfm, dkdb kf ˆƒ
ubA jvsYb; pfsk stfsjvf iaKm vfjzfsk wfdmt rsk ifsv.
zfhC nf„l JclvD
hstb, bfmfspv ƒjfmk rsq spk, zfv zfmfslv sj… sj… hfjD
dosq dbsuv iasqfub (ianafh-ifqJfbf) snsv WpC jsv iaKm vfjzfsk wfdmt rsk
ifvk. jfvB, bhD  ‰ vfjzfksj tìf jsv iVskb. (zf}, mc}, bf}, ƒmf})
klbcv™i ƒmfm v¢jCsk Kfjf jfst sj… mndusl iashw jvst kfsj v¢jC ifƒsq
slWqfv ubA v¢jC ˆjec tìf jvf ShL. (Iƒ} 1/352) i[f§Àsv shwD tìf jsv
ufmfzfskv mcnïDslvsj jó slWqf …dyk bq. zdHÎ ƒmfm k]fv mcÙÁflDslv zHAfn
W zfyvsBv mfLAsm kfslv dhvdÙÁ W n§Âdóv jKf zhwAƒ hcUsk ifvshb.
5. lczfq dbsusj Jfn bf jvf }
lczfv nmq ˆj hyb wè hAhrfv jsv dbsuv ubA lczfsj Jfn jvf ƒmfsmv ubA ShL
bq hst sp rflDn mrfbhD  sKsj hBGbf jvf rq, kf nrDr bq. (û} kfmfmcr dmâfr 278-
280ix}) zfv ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, mrfbhD  dbsu ƒmfm rsqW zsbj nmq ˆjhyb wè
hAhrfv jsv bfmfp isVsYb. …lfrvBöv™i `hf-ƒl hfƒbD'v rflDn.
khcW nfLfvB lczfv nmq ˆj hysbv ²¿st hùhyb wè hAhrfv jvf slfNfhr bq.
ƒmfm hohD (v}) hstb, ƒmfm rst (lczfq) ˆj hysbv ²¿st hù hyb wè hAhrfv
jvsh. `zfïfù©mfrdlbf---- zzf-dIbf --- htsh ˆhQ lczfsj dbsuv ubA Jfn jvsh
bf. (wfvùn ncâfr 3/129) zbcv™i hstb ƒhsb hfp vfdrmfùïfr. (n¶ftfkck kfvfhDr 41ix},
mcmk
c ¶fnf} 170-171ix})
6. nftfm dIsv mcÙÁflDslv dlsj dIsv hnf }
bfmfsp nftfm dIvfv iv Ffb zKhf hfm dlsj Ocsv mcÙÁflDslv iadk mcJ jsv hnf
ƒmfsmv ubA mc²Àfrfh. (hc}, zflf} 1041, dk}, dm} 944bQ)
ƒhsb mfn†l
hstb, ªzfdm zfïfrv vnCt -sj hùhfv hfm dlj rsk Ocvsk
slsJdY. (hcJfvD 852bQW mcndtm 707bQ, dm} 946bQ)
zfbfn
hstb, `zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -sj zdLjfQw Ffb dlj rsk Ocsv hnsk
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slsJdY. (mcndtm708bQ)
7. dpjXv-zfpjfsvv iv ufqof hlst ncâk zfdl iVf }
mrfbhD  hstb, ªƒmfm sp ufqofq (Ivp) bfmfp isV sn ufqofskƒ sn spb
(ncâk) bfmfp bf isV. hvQ sn spb zbA ufqofq nsv pfq.« (zflf} 616bQ, ƒmf})
ðLc ƒmfmƒ bq; hvQ mcÙÁflDv ubAW ufqof hlst ncâk iVf mc²Àfrfh. bhD mchfwXdwv
 hstb, ªskfmfslv sj… dj (ncâk iVfv ubA) kfv nfmsb, diYsb, Ffƒsb hf hfsm
nsv spsk z[m rsh?« (zflf} 1006, ƒmf}, nuf} 2662bQ)
nfsqh dhb qAfpDl hstb, ˆjlf zfdm mczfdhqf
-ˆv nfsK (mnduslv) zfmDv-js[
ucmzfv bfmfp iVtfm. dkdb nftfm dIvst zfdm …sE snƒ ufqofskƒ ncâk isV
dbtfm. zk}iv dkdb (hfnfq) iashw jvst ˆjusbv mfvI{ zfmfsj sFsj ifdEsq
htstb, `kcdm pf jvst kf zfv däkDqhfv jsvf bf. ucmzfv bfmfp nmfå jvst jKf
htf zKhf shv rsq bf pfWqf ipG§À kfv nfsK zfv zbA sjfb bfmfp dmdtsq isVf bf.
jfvB, zfïfrv vnCt  zfmfslvsj zfslw jsvsYb sp, (mfsU) jKf bf hst hf shv
rsq bf dosq sjfb bfmfpsj spb zbA bfmfspv nfsK dmdtsq bf idV.' (mc} 883, zflf}
1129bQ, zf}4/95, 99)
…sÜwA rt, bfmfspv ufqof shwD jvst, djqfmsk ‰ njt ufqof zfïfrv
zfbcoskAv nf[A slsh. (dm} 953 rflDsnv eDjf û})
zhwA ˆ nmq sJqft vfJf …dyk, pfsk …ÙÁ mc²Àfrfh iftb jvsk dosq sjfb bfmfpDv
dnulfv ufqofv dHkv shsq ifv rsq sofbfr bf rsq hsn.

mmÙ
cÙ
c ÁÁffllDDvv j
jkkh
Gh
G AA
1. ƒmfsmv zsi[f jvf }
ƒmfm Kfjsk k]fv ufqofq k]fv dhbf zbcmdksk zsbAv ƒmfmdk jvf zShL, zfv kf
hV shisvfqf stfsjv jfu. ˆ nh stfsjslv ƒmfsmv ˆjec slvD nq bf. nfmfbA slvD
rstƒ zfv k]fv zsi[f bf jsv ufmfzfk JfVf jsv slq. ˆ Lvsbv SLpGrfvf mfbcNvf
dj§Â zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv bfIvmfb.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmvf zfmfsj bf slJf ipG§À (bfmfspv ubA …sE) l]fVfW bf.«
(hc} 637, mc} 604bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªsjfb hAdÙÁ spb ziv hAdÙÁv ufqofq kfv dhbf zbcmdksk ƒmfmdk bf
jsv ˆhQ bf sj… jfsvf Osv kfv hnfv ufqofq kfv dhbf zbcmdksk hsn.« (zf}, mc}
673bQ)
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227

zhwA zöfHfdhj shwD slvD rst mcÙÁflDslv zdLjfv zfsY ufmfzfk jvfv. dj§Â
ƒmfm …id²¿k rWqfv pKfnmq ifv rWqfv iv mcÙÁflDslv sjfb ˆj …ipcÙÁ hAdÙÁ
ƒmfmdk ðv¢ jvst ƒdkmsLA pdl dbpcÙÁ ƒmfm ˆsn isVb, kfrst ƒmfm zoanv rsq
dbu ƒmfmdk jvsk ifsvb. zfv sn s[sÛ ‰ mcÙÁflD ƒmfm disY rse pfshb. (mh}
15/83) spmb lc-lchfv rpvk zfhC hfjXv
bfmfp iVfsk ðv¢ jvst ƒdkmsLA
mrfbhD  ˆsn …id²¿k rb ˆhQ zfhC hfjXv disY rse pfb W dkdb ƒmfmdk jsvb. (hc}
684, 712, mc})
zhwA ƒmfm yfƒst mcÙÁflD rsqW bfmfp n©iâ jvsk ifsvb. spmb ˆjlf ˆj nIsv
mrfbhD  dbu iasqfusb lCsv sost zfnsk slvD rt. rpvk zfècv vrmfb dhb
zfWI
ƒmfmdk jvsk ðv¢ jvstb. ƒdkmsLA dkdb ˆsn …id²¿k rst zfècv
vrmfb disY resk yfƒstb. dj§Â dkdb k]fsj ƒdÌsk htstb sp, kcdm ƒmfmdk jvsk
Kfj. zk}iv dkdb sndlb mcÙÁflD rsq bfmfp iVstb. (mc} 274, ƒmf} 1236bQ)

2. ƒdÙÁlfv dbqk }
ƒmfsmv diYsb bfmfp iVfv nmq msb msb ƒdÙÁlfv dbqk (nQj¬i) jvf uv¢vD.
spsrkc mcÙÁflD zh²¿fq ƒmfsmv zbcnvB Wqfsuh, ƒmfsmv diYsb mcÙÁflD Hct jvst
nù dnulf jvsk rq bf ˆhQ zsbj nmq ƒmfsmv bfmfp hfdkt rst mcÙÁflDvW hfdkt;
kfƒ ˆƒ dbqk uv¢vD. nckvfQ dbqk bf rst mcÙÁflDv bfmfp ufmfzfkD bfmfp rsh bf.
(zfƒ} 206ix})
ÎfkhA sp, `ƒÙÁflfƒkc dhrfpft ƒmfm' hst mcsJ …¤yfdvkhA dbqk dhlzfk.
3. pKfnmsq ufmfzfsk l]fVfsbf }
ƒjfmk rsq sost ˆhQ ƒmfm l]fdVsq sost mcÙÁflDv hsn Kfjf zKhf sktfzk hf
mcbfufsk mwÈt Kfjf zKhf zbA sjfb jfsu hA²À Kfjf …dyk bq. hvQ nk¶v …sE
ƒmfsmv nfsK kfjhDsv-kfrvDmf dlsq bfmfp ðv¢ jvfv ia²Âdk sbWqf …dyk.
spmb kfjhDsv-kfrvDmf ƒmfsmv nfsK bf ifWqf ˆj hV hÑbfv jfvB. zkˆh
ƒmfm kjhDv dlsq sItst sjfb jKfhfkGfq zKhf mboVf dbqk zfWVfsbfsk zKhf
dmnWqfsjv ncâk iftsb hA²À rsq kjhDv dlsk slvD jvf smfseƒ …dyk bq. ƒmfsmv
nfsK kfjhDsv-kfrvDmfv ˆjde ixKj mpGflf vsqsY wvDqsk. mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp
hAdÙÁ zfïfrv n§ÂdótfsHv …sÜswA 40 dlb ufmfzfsk bfmfp zflfq jvsh ˆhQ kfsk
kfrvDmfv kjhDvW ifsh, snƒ hAdÙÁv ubA lcde mcdÙÁ dtJf rq; slfpJ sKsj mcdÙÁ ˆhQ
mcbfsIjD sKsj mcdÙÁ.« (dk}, nkf} 404bQ)
mcufdrl hstb, ˆj hlvD nfrfhD ˆjlf k]fv sYstsj htstb, `kcdm zfmfslv nfsK
ufmfzfk sisqY?' sYst htt, `r]Af.' dkdb htstb, `iaKm kfjhDv sisqY?' sYst
htt, `bf.' dkdb htstb, `pf skfmfv Ycse sosY kf ˆj wk jfstf y[cdhdwó (…{jxó)
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228

…ebD zsi[f swaôkv!' (zfvf} 2021bQ)

zbcv™iHfsh ufmfzfk ðv¢ rsq sost ncâk bfmfsp mwÈt KfjfW ShL bq. ShL bq
sjfb ncâk ðv¢ jvf. Iusvv ncâk rstW ufmfzfskv ƒjfmk swfbfv iv kf zfv
iVf yst bf. mrfbhD  hstb, ªpJb bfmfp JfVf rq, kJb Ivp (hf snƒ) bfmfp
YfVf zbA sjfb bfmfp sbƒ.« (hc} dhbf nbsl, Ihf} 2/174, mc} 710 bQ, zf} 2/352, iamcJ)
zKGf{, ufmfzfk JfVf rst Ivp hf (‰ bfmfp kfsj iVsk rst) ‰ bfmfsp wfdmt
rWqf YfVf ixKj jsv sjfb bIt hf ncâk bfmfp iVf ShL bq. zKGf{ ƒjfmskv iv
zfv sjfb ncâk hf bIt bfmfp wcÝ
rsh bf.. (wvùb bWhD 5/221, Ihf} 2/175, zfmf} 4/101)
ˆj hAdÙÁ mndusl ˆt. kJb zfïfrv vnCt  Iusvv bfmfsp dYstb. sn 2
vfjzfk bfmfp isV ufmfzfsk wfdmt rt. bfmfp swsN zfïfrv vnCt  kfsj
htstb, ªsr zmcj! skfmfv bfmfp sjfbXef? spef zfmfslv nfsK iVst snef, bfdj spef
kcdm ˆjf iVst snef? (bf} 868bQ)
ˆjlf ˆj hAdÙÁ mczfpdpsbv ƒjfmk htfv nmq bfmfp iVdYt. kf slsJ dkdb
htstb, ªˆjƒ nfsK dj lcde bfmfp!« (dnn} 6/171, 2588bQ)
ˆjlf Iusvv bfmfspv ƒjfmk rWqfv nmq mrfbhD  slJstb, ˆj hAdÙÁ bfmfp
iVsY. dkdb kfsj htstb, ªkcdm dj Iusvv bfmfp 4 vfjzfk iVsh?« (mc} 711,
dnn} 6/172)
ˆjlf dkdb Iusvv bfmfp iVdYstb. ˆmb nmq ˆj hAdÙÁ mndusl iashw jsv ˆj
iafs§À 2 vfjzfk bfmfp isV k]fv nfsK ufmfzfsk wfdmt rt. nftfm dIvfv iv dkdb
kfsj htstb, ªWsr zmcj! kcdm sjfbX bfmfpsj (Ivp hst) oBA jvst? skfmfv
ˆjfjD iVf bfmfpsj, bfdj zfmfslv nfsK iVf bfmfpsj?« (mc} 712bQ)
zhwA jfsvf ncâk iVf jfst pdl ƒjfmk rsq pfq, kfrst sn däkDq vfjzfsk
Kfjst hfjDef rfîf jsv isV iCBG jsv sbsh. i[f§Àsv iaKm vfjzfsk Kfjst bfmfp
sYsV ufmfzfsk wfdmt rsq pfsh. (dthfmf} 24/14, I…} 1/345)
iajfw sp, bfmfp YfVfv nmq nftfm dIvf dhsLq bq. hvQ dbqk hfdkt jvstƒ bfmfp
sKsj shv rWqf pfq. (mfkfrfzf} 22ix})
4. pKf dbqsm jfkfv h]fLf }
mrfb zfïfrv kf'pDm iajfswv …sÜswA jfkfv h]fLfv sp dbqm zfsY snƒ zbcpfqD
jfkfv h]fLf mcÙÁflDv jkGhA. zfv kf pKfÛÁsm dbm´v™i }-
 jfkfv snfuf jvf }
jfkfv snfuf jvf Wqfsuh. jfkfv snfuf rsh l]fdVsq Kfjf zh²¿fq ˆj zisvv j]fL
W ifsqv o]fe hvfhv snfuf svsJ; pfsk ˆjusbv j]fL zfso ˆhQ ziv usbv disY bf
rsq pfq. ˆ s[sÛ ifsqv jdbôf zfÌcst zfÌct dmdtsq jfkfv snfuf rsh bf. jfvB, if
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229

sYfe-hV Kfjfv Ist jfkfv h]fjf sKsj pfsh. zfv hnf zh²¿fq hfùmCt hf j]fsLv nfsK
hfùmCt hf j]fL hvfhv Kfjst jfkfv snfuf hst Lvf pfsh.
spmb mndusl jfkfsvv lfo Kfjst lfsov mfKfq hcsVf zfÌct svsJ jfkfv snfuf rq
bf. jfvB, ˆsk pfv if tìf sn jfkfv sKsj diYsbv dlsj ˆhQ pfv if sYfe sn
jfkfsvv nfmsbv dlsj shv rsq Kfjsh. nckvfQ ifsqv sofVfdtsj lfsov mfKfq vfJst
kshƒ jfkfv hfÒbDq snfuf rsh.
jfkfv snfuf jvfv hAfifsv mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmvf jfkfv snfuf jv. jfvB,
jfkfv snfuf jvf bfmfp iadkôf hf idviCBG jvfv z§Àok
G jmG.« (hc} 723, mc} 433, zflf} 668bQ)
zfhC mfn†l
hstb, bfmfspv (jfkfv h]fLfv) nmq bhD  zfmfslv hfùmCt ±iwG
jvskb W htskb, ªsnfuf rsq l]fVfW ˆhQ dhdHâv™si l]fVfW bf; kfsk skfmfslv
z§ÀvnmCr dhdHâmcJD rsq pfsh.« (mc}, dm} 1088bQ)
 jfkfv dmdtsq Ob rsq usm l]fVfsbf ˆhQ mfsUv I]fj há jvf }
jfkfsv l]fVfsbfv nmq Ob rsq l]fVfsbf uv¢vD; pfsk mfsU sjfb I]fj bf Kfsj.
ifw¶hG kDG bfmfpDv ifsqv ifkfv nfsK ifsqv ifkf (ifsqv hfƒsvv dljef snfuf
sjhtfmcJD jsv jdbôf zfÌct sKsj sofVfdt ipG§À zQw) W hfùv nfsK hfù tfdosq
usm l]fVfsk rsh bfmfpDsj. zfïfrv ˆ lvhfsv zfmDv-ovDh, sYfe-hV W iaHc-lfsnv
sjfb sHlfsHl sbƒ, sjfb shzflhD sbƒ. nfrfhfoB jfkfsv iv±iv ˆƒHfshƒ
l]fVfskb. kfrst dj k]fvf shzflh dYstb? zfïfrv jnm! bf. ‰ slsJb bf, ˆjub
YfÛ pdl kfv dw[sjv ofsq of tfdosq hsn, kfrst dw[j W nm²À stfj kfsj shzflh
htshƒ. dj§Â snƒ YfÛƒ pdl hfn hf seºsbv nDse ‰v™i hsn, kfrst kJb zfv sj…
kfsj shzflh hst bf. htf hfùtA bfmfspv nfdvsk ifwfifdw ˆƒ siasmv nCsÛ hV-
sYfev sjfb iasHl sbƒ.
zfnst msbv nfsK msbv dmt Kfjst ifsqv nfsK if dmst pfWqf lCsvv jKf bq. zfv
msbv mfsU lCvk¶ Kfjst, msbv mfsU ŠÝk¶, zrQjfv W OxBf-dhsäN Kfjst zKhf Hct
hcUfhcdUv Ist zdHmfb W s[fH Kfjst zhwAƒ slsrv lCvk¶ shsV pfsh. shsV pfsh
zfsvf msbv lCvk¶. lCv rsh n©iaDdkv h]fLb. wqkfb snƒ Hct hcUfhcdUv ncspfso
ufmfzfskv mfsU dhd¤Yâkf zfbsk hV jxkjfpG rsh.
iv§Â pdl zfidb msb jsvb sp, ifswv mcnïD sKsj zfidb hV ˆhQ sn zfibfv ifsq
if tfofst zfibfv n©mfsb hfLsh, kfrst zfidb zfibfv if kfv ifsq tfdosq dlb.
zfv ˆ s[sÛ zfwf jdv zfibfv msbv ‰ zfk¹mpGflf [câ rsh bf.
ifsq if tfdosq l]fVfsbfv zfmt mrfbhD -ˆv pfmfbfq iaydtk dYt. dkdb
nfrfhfslv sn zfmt slsJW shzflhD msb jsv hfLf slbdb. dkdb bfmfspv msLA spmb
nfmsb slJskb skmdb diYsb. Ob rsq l]fVfsbfv hAfJAfsk nfrfhfosBv ˆƒ zfmt
zhwAƒ dkdb iakA[ jsvsYb ˆhQ kfsk smZb-n©mdk iajfw jsvsYb. htf hfùtA, ˆ
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230

jfu sp ncâk kfsk sjfb ns¦lr Kfjsk ifsv bf.

dj§Â hV lc}sJv dhNq sp, kfsh„bslv pfmfbf sKsjƒ ˆ zfmt zsbsjv jfsY huGbDq
rsq yst zfnsY. rpvk zfbfn
hstb, `zfusj pdl jfsvfv nfsK ‰ jfu jdv,
kfrst sn snvjw (lcv§À) J¤ysvv mk ysj pfsh.' (Ihf} 2/247) nckvfQ zfïfr kfv
iadk vrm jsvb sp ˆƒ mxk ncâksj uDdhk jsv. (mfvf} 225ix})
mrfbhD  bfmfspv jfkfv kDsvv mk snfuf jvskb. zk}iv nfrfhfoB pJb sn
jfu nmAjX hcsU …Esk sisvsYb ˆ jKf hcUsk ifvskb, kJb dkdb kfjhDsv kfrvDmf
dlskb. ˆjdlb kfjhDsv dlsk …lAk rsk dosq dkdb slJstb, ˆjef stfsjv hcj
jfkfsvv nfmsbv dlsj shv rsq zfsY. kf slsJ dkdb htstb, ªzfïfrv hf¦lfoB! rq
skfmvf dEjmk jfkfv snfuf jv, bsy{ zfïfr skfmfslv syrfvfnmCsrv mfsU dhdHâkf
nxdó jsv slshb.« (hc} 717, mc} 436, zflf} 663, dm} 1085bQ)
rpvk zfbfn
hstb, ˆjlf bfmfspv ƒjfmk rt. bhD  zfmfslv dlsj mcJ
dIdvsq htstb, ªskfmvf skfmfslv jfkfv snfuf jv ˆhQ Ob rsq l]fVfW. dbÇyq
zfdm zfmfv diYb dlj rskW slsJ Kfdj.« zfbfn
hstb, ˆviv zfmfslv
iaskAsj dbu hfùmCt kfv ifw¶hG kGD nÌDv hfùmCstv nfsK ˆhQ dbu if kfv ifsqv nfsK
(r]fec kfv r]fecv nfsK, ifsqv o]fe kfv ifsqv o]fsev nfsK) tfdosq dlk. (hc} 718, mc}
436, zflf} 662bQ)
rpvk ufshv dhb nfmcvfr
hstb, ˆjlf zfïfrv vnCt  zfmfslv jfsY ˆstb.
sn nmq zfmvf softfjfv lst lst dhHÙÁ dYtfm. dkdb htstb, ªskfmfslvsj zfdm
dhd[åv™si slJdY sjb?« zk}iv ˆjdlb dkdb zfmfslv jfsY ˆsn (zfmfslvsj
zbcv™i dhd[å slsJ) htstb, ªskfmvf iadkiftsjv nfmsb dIdvñfhsoGv jfkfv
h]fLfv mk jfkfv sh]sL l]fVfsh bf dj?« zfmvf httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! dIdvñfhoG
k]fslv iadkiftsjv nfmsb djv™si jfkfv sh]sL l]fVfb.` dkdb htstb, ªiaKmjfv
jfkfvnmCr iCBG jsvb ˆhQ Ob rsq usm jfkfv sh]sL l]fVfb.« (mc} 430, zflf} 661, dm} 1091bQ)
iajfw Kfsj sp, Ob jsv l]fVfsbfv zKG ˆƒ bq sp, iv±iv sEtfsEdt W yfifyfdi
jsv l]fVfsk rsh. hvQ ˆƒv™i l]fVfsbfsk bfmfspv ˆjfoakf W dhbq bó rsk ifsv.
zkˆh pfsk ifsq if ˆhQ hfùsk hfù öfHfdhjHfsh stso Kfsj kfvƒ syóf jvsk
rsh. zfv kfv ubA pkecjc lvjfv kkecjcƒ if I]fj jsv l]fVfsk rsh.
nfmsbv jfkfv Jfdt Kfjst (vfjzfk hf v¢jC Ycse pfWqfv Hsq) diYsb l]fVfsbf ShL
bq. spmb nfmsbv jfkfsv I]fj slJf dlst kf há jvf uv¢vD. nfmsb jfkfsv spsk
lCv rst ˆhQ bfmfspv msLA rstW zoanv rsq spsk rsh jfkfv dmtfsbfv …sÜswA.
ˆv ubA vsqsY zfslw, icvõfv ˆhQ dkvõfvW.
bhD mchfwXdwv  hstb, ªiaKm jfkfvsj zfso iCBG jv, kfviv kfv isvv
jfkfvsj. ziCBG Kfjst spb swsNv jfkfv Kfsj.« (zflf} 671bQ)
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231

dkdb hstb, ªskfmvf jfkfv snfuf jv, hfùmCtnmCrsj ifwfifdw nmipGfq jsv
l]fVfW, jfkfsvv I]fj há jv, ifw¶hG kGD bfmfpD Hfƒslv ubA dbu dbu rfknmCrsj
bvm jv ˆhQ wqkfsbv ubA (jfkfsv) I]fj svsJf bf. zfv sp hAdÙÁ jfkfv dmdtsq
l]fVfq sn hAdÙÁv nfsK zfïfr dmtb (n©ijG) vfsJb ˆhQ sp hAdÙÁ jfkfv dYâ jsv sn
hAdÙÁv nfsK zfïfr (n©ijG zKhf jtAfB) dYâ jsvb.« (zflf} 666bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªzhwAƒ zfïfr kfslv iadk vrm jsvb ˆhQ dIdvñfhoG
kfslv ubA lczf jsv Kfsjb, pfvf jfkfv dmdtsq l]fVfq. zfv sp hAdÙÁ jfkfsvv I]fj
há jsv, zfïfr kfv dhdbmsq kfsj ˆjde mpGflfq …âDk jsvb.« (ƒmf}, zf}, ƒJc}, ƒdr},
rf}, nuf} 1843bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ (jfkfsvv mfsU) sjfb I]fj há jsv, zfïfr kfv dhdbmsq
kfsj ˆjde mpGflfq …âDk jsvb ˆhQ kfv ubA ufâfsk ˆj oxr dbmfGB jsvb.« (k¶fh}
zfWnfk¶, nkf} 502bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªzhwAƒ zfïfr vrmk hNGB jsvb ˆhQ dIdvñfhoG lczf jvsk Kfsjb
kfslv ubA pfvf iaKm jfkfv dmdtsq (hAhLfb bf svsJ) l]fVfq. zfv sp ils[i äfvf
hf¦lf sjfb jfkfsvv I]fj há jvsk pfq kf zsi[f zfïfrv dbje zbA sjfb
ils[i zdLj iY¦lbDq bq.« (zflf}, ƒJc}, zhwA ˆsk ils[siv …sïJ sbƒ, nkf} 504bQ)
 ifswv bfmfpDv ubA dbsuv hfùsj bvm jsv l]fVfsbf }
ifswv bfmfpD pfsk msb jó bf ifq kfv ubA iaskAj bfmfpDv jkGhA dbu dbu
hfùsj bvm jsv vfJf. ˆsk …Hsqv msb dhsäN lCv rsq iaDdkv nÑfv rsh. lCv rsh
OxBf W jfkfsvv I]fj.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA …Ùm stfj kfvfƒ, pfvf bfmfspv msLA dbsuslv
hfùnmCrsj (ifswv bfmfpDv ubA) bvm vfsJ.« (zflf} 672bQ)
htf hfùtA, ifsq if tfofhfv nmq, hfm if-sj Ffb ifsqv dbsy shv jsv hnfv nmqW
ifswv bfmfpDv nfsK jsEfvkfv idvyq slWqf …dyk bq. hvQ jfkfsv yfifyfdi hf
EfnfEfdn Kfjst if shv jsv zivsj jó slWqfv yfƒsk if bf shv jsv …ÙÁ ncâk
iftb bf jvfƒ …Ùm. (dthfmf} 22/30)
 jfkfvnmCsrv mfsU shwD lCvk¶ bf vfJf }
ƒmfm W iaKm jfkfv ˆhQ zbcv™i däkDq W kfv isvv jfkfvnmCsrv mfsU
iasqfusbv zdLj lCvk¶ vfJf …dyk bq. spsrkc mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmvf skfmfslv
jfkfvnmCrsj Ob jv, jfkfvÈstfv mfsU hAhLfb jfYfjfdY jv ˆhQ skfmfslv
OfVnmCrsj nmipGfsq snfuf vfJ. snƒ zfïfrv jnm! p]fv rfsk zfmfv ufb zfsY,
dbÇyq zfdm wqkfbsj jft sH]Vfv hf¤yfv mk skfmfslv jfkfsvv I]fsj I]fsj iashw
jvsk slJdY.« (hc} 718, mc} 423, 433, 434, zflf} 667bQ)
nfmsb jfkfv jvfv mk ufqof I]fj Kfjst diYsb jfkfv sh]sL bfmfp rsh bf. spmb
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232

diYsb jfkfv h]fLst ˆhQ nfmsb I]fjf ufqofq vf²Àfq stfj ytfyt jvstW bfmfp rsh
bf. mndul iCBG rsq sost kfviv vf²Àf iCBG rsh ˆhQ kfv isv slfjfb ƒkAfdlsk
jfkfv h]fLf ytsh. vf²Àf Jfdt Kfjsk slfjfsb jfkfv h]fLf ShL rsh bf. (mfumC… IfkfWqf,
ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr 23/410, û} kfdm} 282ix})
 KfmnmCsrv I]fsj jfkfv bf h]fLf }
rpvk zfbfn
hstb, `zfmvf zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv pfmfbfq ˆƒ (Kfsmv I]fsj
jfkfv h]fLf) sKsj lCsv Kfjkfm.' (zflf} 673bQ, dk})
rpvk jcvfG r
hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv pcso zfmfslvsj Kfsmv I]fsj jfkfv
h]fLsk dbsNL jvf rk ˆhQ sj… h]fLst kfsj snJfb sKsj l²Âv mk kfdVsq slWqf
rk.' (ƒmf} 1002, ƒJc}, ƒdr}, rf}, hf})
ˆv jfvB rt ˆƒ sp, mfsU Kfm rWqfv Ist jfkfv dhd¤Yâ rsq pfq. zfv ˆƒ ubA
ƒmfm hf ˆjfjD bfmfpDv ubA lcƒ Kfsmv mfsU l]fdVsq bfmfp iVf dbsNsLv zfWkfHcÙÁ
bq. spmb zdLj dH]sV mndusl ufqof bf Kfjst ‰ ufqofskW jfkfv h]fLf iasqfusb
ShL. (mck¶fnf} 208-209ix})
idvswsN ƒhbct jfƒsqm (v})-ˆv ˆjde mCtAhfb …dÙÁv …sïJ jsv ˆ dhNsqv ƒdk
efdb; dkdb hstb, `zfïfrv nfmsb hf¦lfv lcƒ nmq l]fVfsk rsh. bfmfsp k]fv nfmsb
l]fVfsk rq ˆhQ k]fv nf[fskv nmq (djqfmsk) k]fv nfmsb l]fVfsk rsh. nckvfQ sp
hAdÙÁ iaKm nmsq (bfmfsp) ndEjHfsh l]fVfsh, kfv ubA däkDq nmsq (djqfmsk)
l]fVfsbf nru rsq pfsh. zfv sp hAdÙÁ iaKm nmsq l]fVfsbfsk zhsrtf ialwGb jvsh
ˆhQ kfv pKfKG rj zflfq jvsh bf, kfv ubA däkDq nmsq (djqfmsk) l]fVfsbf jdEb
rsq pfsh.'
5. ƒmfsmv zbcnvB jvf }
pKf dbqsm ƒmfsmv zbcnvB jvf Wqfsuh ˆhQ k]fv zbAKf zfyvB sofbfrv jfu.
ƒmfsmv iÇyfsk nfLfvBk} mcÙÁflDv 4 iajfv zfyvB rsk ifsv }
(j) zoaomb } zKGf{ ƒmfsmv zfso-zfso v¢jC-dnulf jvf zKhf mfKf skftf. ˆmb
zfyvB sofbfrv jfu. hvQ susbðsb sö¤Yfq jvst bfmfpƒ hfdkt rsq pfsh. (dmb
zfrjfdmn n¶ftfr, ƒhsb …nfƒmDb 46ix}) spmb ƒmfsmv zfso kfjhDsv kfrvDmf dlst
bfmfspv hábƒ ðÝ rsh bf. Hcst dlsq sItst icbvfq ƒmfsmv kjhDv slWqfv iv
kjhDv dlsk rsh. (nfuf} 163ix})
mrfbhD  hstb, ªƒmfm ˆƒ ubA hfbfsbf rsqsY sp, kfv zbcnvB jvf rsh.
nckvfQ kfv dhv¢ÝfyvB jsvf bf.« (mc} 414bQ) ªskfmvf ƒmfsmv iCshG (djYc jvsk)
kfVfkfdV jsvf bf. pJb sn `zfïfù zfjhfv' hst kJb skfmvfW `zfïfù zfjhfv'
ht. --- pJb sn v¢jC jsv kJb skfmvf v¢jC jv. pJb sn `nfdmzfïfù dtmfb rfdmlfr
hst, kJb skfmvf `zfïfù©mf vfêfbf tfjft rfmXl' ht.« (‰ 415bQ) ªpJb sn v¢jC
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233

jsv kJb skfmvf v¢jC jv. zfv skfmvf kk[B ipG§À v¢jC jsvf bf, pk[B ipG§À sn
v¢jC bf jsv. pJb sn dnulf jsv, kJb skfmvf dnulf jv ˆhQ kk[B ipG§À dnulf
jsvf bf, pk[B ipG§À sn dnulf bf jsv.« (zflf} 603bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA dj ˆ jKfv sj… Hq jsv bf sp, ƒmfsmv zfso mfKf
kctst kfv syrfvf zKhf zfjxdk ofLfv mk rsq pfsh.« (hc} 691, mc} 427, zf}, nczf})
ˆjlf dkdb mcÙÁflDslv …sÜswA htstb, ªsr stfj njt! zfdm skfmfslv ƒmfm.
zkˆh zfmfv zfso skfmvf v¢jC jsvf bf, dnulf jsvf bf, hsnf bf ˆhQ nftfm dIsvf
bf.« (zf}, mc}, dm} 1137bQ)
(J) iÇyflXomb } zKGf{ ƒmfsmv zsbj diYsb slvD jsv v¢jC-dnulf jvf. ƒmfm
v¢jC hf dnulf sKsj …sE sostW mcÙÁflDv slvD jsv v¢jC hf dnulfsk isV Kfjf. ˆmb
jvfW ShL bq. jfvB, vnCt  hstb, ªpJb sn v¢jC jsv kJb skfmvf v¢jC jv. pJb
sn dnulf jsv, kJb skfmvf dnulf jv.«
(o) nromb } zKGf{ yeXieX ƒmfsmv nfsK nfsKƒ v¢jC-dnulf ƒkAfdl jvf. ˆv™i
jvfefW zShL.
(O) zbcomb } zKGf{, ƒmfm v¢jC-dnulf jvst kshƒ v¢jC-dnulf ƒkAfdl jvf. zfv
ˆv™i jvfefƒ Wqfsuh.
bhD mchfwXdwv  hstb, ªskfmvf kk[B ipG§À v¢jC jsvf bf, pk[B ipG§À sn v¢jC
bf jsv ˆhQ kk[B ipG§À dnulf jsvf bf, pk[B ipG§À sn dnulf bf jsv.«
nfrfhD hfvf' dhb zfsph (…ÙÁ zfmstv hAfJAfq) hstb, `zfmvf bhD -ˆv diYsb
bfmfp iVkfm. pJb dkdb `nfdmzfïfù dtmfb rfdmlfr' htskb, kJb zfmfslv msLA
sj…ƒ kk[B ipG§À dnulf jvfv ubA dbsuv diE Ucjfk bf, pk[B ipG§À bf dkdb
mfdesk dbsuv jift svsJ dbskb.' (hc} 690bQ, mc}, zf}, nczf})
ƒmfsmv kjhDv htfv iv kjhDv htsk rsh. ƒmfsmv `zfmDb'-ˆv `zf-' htsk
ðv¢ jvfv isvƒ `zfmDb' htsk rsh.
sjfb Wusvv Ist ƒmfsmv zfso rsq sost bfmfp hfdkt bq. spmb sjfb hAKfv
jfvsB znrA p§ÃBfq kfVfkfdV ƒmfsmv zfso dnulf sKsj …sE iVst kf LkGhA bq.
klbcv™i sjfb Wusvv Ist sj… ƒmfsmv diYsb sKsj sost kfW LkGhA bq. spmb
pdl sj… dnulfq dosq Ocdmsq sot, zk}iv isvv vfjzfsk v¢jCv nmq suso …Et
zKhf sjfb hV ufmfzfsk hf mnduslv zbA ktfq bfmfp iVsk iVsk nCvf Ifdkrf
swfbfv iv mfƒsjv wè há rWqfv Ist ƒmfsmv v¢jC jvfv jKf dEjmk hcUf bf sost
rEf{ jsv ufbsk ifvf sot sp, ƒmfm `nfdmzfïfù---' hst v¢jC sKsj …EsYb -ˆ
s[sÛ Ycse pfWqf v¢jXb dbsu dbsu zflfq jsv hfjD bfmfsp ƒmfsmv zbcnvB jvsh.
zfv kfv ˆ bfmfp rsq pfsh.
ksh sp ufqof sKsj bfmfp Ycse sosY isvv vfjzfsk snƒ ufqofq pdl ƒmfm yst
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234

dosq Kfsjb, kfrst kfv ˆj vfjzfk hfdkt rsh. snJfb sKsjƒ ƒmfsmv zbcnvB
jsv hfjD bfmfp isV ƒmfsmv (lcƒ) nftfm dIvfv iv …sE Ycse pfWqf ‰ vfjzfk dbsu
isV sbsh. (mcm} 4/264-265)
ƒmfsmv lcƒ nftfm dIvfv zfso mcÙÁflDv nftfm dIvf ShL bq. (mh} 12/91)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsr stfj njt! zfdm skfmfslv ƒmfm. nckvfQ skfmvf v¢jC,
dnulf, djqfm W ShEsj, zfv bf nftfsm zfmfv zoahkGD rsqf bf.« (mc}, zf}, dm}1137bQ)
zfIpt rt ƒmfsmv lcƒ dlsj nftfm dIvfv ivƒ nftfm dIvf. zhwA pdl sj…
ƒmfsmv Ffb dlsj nftfm dIvfv iv Ffb dlsj ˆhQ k]fv hfm dlsj nftfm dIvfv iv
hfm dlsj nftfm dIsv, kfrst kf slfsNv bq. (mcm} 4/267)
zsbsjv msk ƒmfsmv lcƒ nftfm dIvfv zfso pdl mcÙÁflD nftfm dIsv slq zKhf
hfjD bfmfp iVfv ubA …sE pfq, kfrst kfv bfmfp bó rsq bIst idvBk rsq pfq.
(IfkWqf wfqJ nf'lD 174ix}, mck¶fnf 97ix})
ÎfkhA sp, Èå dhNqnmCr ƒmfsmv zfso-disY hf nfsK-nfsK rst sjfb slfsNv bq.
spmb dnvGD bfmfsp nCvf Ifdkrf, sjfbW bfmfsp kfwfrXùl ƒmfsmv zfso hf nfsK nfsK
iVf rst kfsk sjfb [dk rq bf. jfvB, nfLfvBk} ˆv ðv¢ W swN hcUf pfq bf ˆhQ
ˆ hAfifsv ƒmfsmv zbcnvB jvsk mcÙÁflD zfdló bq. (mcm} 4/267-268)
hcsj rfk h]fsLb bf ˆmb ƒmfsmv iÇyfsk hcsj rfk sh]sL ˆhQ vIXsq qAflfƒb jsvb
bf ˆmb ƒmfsmv iÇyfsk vIXsq qAflfƒb jsv mcÙÁflDv bfmfp iVf ƒmfsmv dhv¢ÝfyvB
bq. spmb sp ƒmfm kxkDq W ykcKG vfjzfkdhdwó bfmfspv swN ShEsj hfm if-sj Ffb
ifsqv vtfv dbsy shv jsv hsnb bf, k]fv diYsb mcÙÁflD ‰v™i hnst k]fv dhv¢ÝfyvB
rq bf.
uftnfsq ƒd²Àvfrfr jsvb bf ˆmb ƒmfsmv diYsb bfmfp iVst iaKm hf kxkDq
vfjzfskv dnulf sKsj nvfndv …sE sost mcÙÁflDv ubA hnf ShL bq. jfvB, ˆde
ƒmfsmv hfdrAj jmG. zkˆh dkdb l]fdVsq sost mcÙÁflDv hsn pfWqf ytsh bf. (mcm}
2/312)
zhwA zsbsj hstb, ˆde rfîf ShEj. ˆsk ƒmfsmv dhv¢ÝfyvB rq bf. zkˆh
ƒmfm uftnfsq ƒd²Àvfrfrv ncâk iftb bf jvstW mcÙÁflDv rfîf hsn nfsK nfsK …sE
dosq kf iftb jvfq slfN sbƒ.
ƒmfm Iusvv bfmfsp rfk kcst jcbck iVst mcÙÁflDv ubA rfk kcst zfmDb hst
k]fv zbcnvB jvf uv¢vD. ksh snƒ ƒmfsmv diYsb bfmfp iVf …Ùm, sp Iusv jcbck
isV bf. spsrkc kf dhlzfk. (I…} 1/393)
ƒmfm nftfm dIvfv iv mcÙÁflDslv iadk dIsv bf hnf ipG§À mcÙÁflDv …sE mndul kAfo
jvf …dyk bq. (mcm} 4/432, Iƒ} 1/391)
ƒmfm kfwfrùsl slvD jvst mcÙÁflDv yciyfi hsn Kfjf …dyk bq. hvQ ˆ nmsq
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235

nrDr bhhD lczf äfvf mcbfufk jsv zfïfrv jfsY hù djYc sysq sbWqf …dyk. jfvB,
ˆef rt lczf jhct rWqfv nmq. zbcv™i iaKm kfwfrùsl slvD jvst zfLf kfwfrùl
isV bDvh hsn Kfjf …dyk bq. hvQ kfwfrùslv iv lv™l ˆhQ kfv isvW nmq
Kfjst mcbfufk jvf …dyk. zfv ˆ hAfifsv kfwfrùslv hBGbfq (1m Jsà) zfstfybf
jvf rsqsY.
nkjGkfv dhNq sp, kfwfrùslv ShEsj ƒmfmsj slvD jvsk slsJ zsbsj otf
UfVsk ðv¢ jsv. ˆmb jvf kfslv SLpGrDbkf W zÎkfv idvyq.

ƒƒmmffssmmvv i
iÇÇyyffssk
k ddj
jv¶v
¶ ffz
zffk
k
ƒmfm nwsè dj¶vfzfk jvst mcÙÁflDsj dj¶vfzfk jvsk rq bf. dhswN jsv nwsè
sjfb nCvf ifE jvf mcÙÁflDv ubA ShL bq. hvQ ƒmfsmv dj¶vfzfk yci jsv ðbsk rq.
mrfb zfïfr hstb,
E‫  א‬
 
 ‫
و‬9
‫ א‬7   E
 ?
‫ن‬g1U ْ ‫ž
א‬10 d
‫>ذא‬0 ‫ و‬F
zKGf{, pJb jcvzfb ifE jvf rq, kJb skfmvf msbfspfo nrjfsv swfb ˆhQ yci
Kfj. (jc} 7/204)
nfrfhfoB bfmfsp nwsè dj¶vfzfk iVskb. ˆjlf sjfb survD bfmfp sKsj nftfm
dIsv zfïfrv bhD  htstb, ªskfmfslv msLA sj… dj zfmfv nfsK (nwsè) jcvzfb
isVsY?« ˆj hAdÙÁ htt, r]Af, sr zfïfrv vnCt! dkdb htstb, ªkfskƒ zfdm HfhdY
sp, zfmfv dj¶vfzfsk hAfOfk nxdó rs¤Y sjb.« zfhC ùvfƒvf hstb, ˆƒ jKf zfïfrv
vnCt -ˆv jfY sKsj swfbfv iv stfsjvf k]fv nfsK survD bfmfsp dj¶vfzfk jvf
sKsj dhvk rsq sot. (mf}, zf}, nczf}, dm} 855bQ)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªpfv ƒmfm zfsY, kfv ƒmfsmv dj¶vfzfk kfv dj¶vfzfk.« (zf},
ƒmf}, nuf} 6487bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªƒmfm skf ˆƒ ubA hfbfsbf rq sp, kfv zbcnvB jvf rsh. zkˆh sn
pJb `zfïfù zfjhfv' hst, kJb skfmvf `zfïfù zfjhfv' ht ˆhQ pJb dj¶vfzfk
jsv kJb yci Kfj.« (zflf}, bf}, ƒzfwf}, ƒmf}, hf}, nuf} 2358-2359bQ)
ˆ rt nfLfvB ùjcm. survD bfmfsp nwsè mcÙÁflD sjfb dj¶vfzfk jvsk ifvsh bf.
dj§Â db}wsè sjht nCvf Ifdkrf iVfv hAfifvef hAdkÛÁm. jfvB, nCvf Ifdkrfv vsqsY
ixKj ShdwóA.
mrfbhD  hstb,
ªsnƒ hAdÙÁv bfmfp rq bf, sp hAdÙÁ
kfsk nCvf Ifdkrf ifE jsv bf.«
(hc}, mc}, zfzf},
hf}, ƒo} 302bQ)
ªsnƒ hAdÙÁv bfmfp psKó
bq, sp kfsk nCvf Ifdkrf ifE jsv bf.«
(lfvf}, ƒdr}, ƒo}
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236

302bQ)
ªsp hAdÙÁ
ˆmb sjfbW bfmfp isV, pfsk sn nCvf Ifdkrf ifE jsv bf, kfv
‰
bfmfp
(oHGyAc k
ë™sBv bAfq) zn©iCBG, zn©iCBG, zn©iCBG.« (mc}, zfzf}, dm} 823bQ)
ªzfïfr kfzftf hstb, `zfdm bfmfp (nCvf Ifdkrf)sj zfmfv W zfmfv hf¦lfv mfsU
zfLfzfdL Hfo jsv dbsqdY; zsLGj zfmfv ubA ˆhQ zsLGj zfmfv hf¦lfv ubA. zfv
zfmfv hf¦lf kfƒ ifq, pf sn iafKGbf jsv.' (mc} 395, zflf}, dk}, zfzf}, iamcJ, dm} 823bQ)
ª…©mct jcvzfb (jcvzfsbv ubbD nCvf Ifdkrf) ˆv mk zfïfr zfpXpf zufïX
kfWvfsk ˆhQ ƒdÓst sjfb djYcƒ zhkDBG jsvb db. ˆƒ (nCvfƒ) rt (bfmfsp iaskAj
vfjzfsk) idEk 7de zfqfk ˆhQ mrf jcvzfb, pf zfmfsj lfb jvf rsqsY.« (bf}, rf},
dk}, dm} 2142 bQ)
nfrfhD …hflfr dhb nfsmk hstb, ˆjlf zfmvf zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv iÇyfsk
Iusvv bfmfp iVdYtfm. dkdb dj¶vfzfk iVsk tfost k]fsj dj¶vfzfk HfvD tfot.
nftfm dIvfv iv dkdb htstb, ªn©Hhk} skfmvf ƒmfsmv diYsb dj¶vfzfk jv.«
zfmvf httfm, `rA]f, zfïfrv vnCt! (zfmvf skf kf jdv.) dkdb htstb, ªbf,
dj¶vfzfk jsvf bf. zhwA nCvf Ifdkrf isVf. jfvB, sp kf isV bf kfv bfmfp rq bf.«
(zflf}, dk}, bf}, lfvf}, rf}, dm} 823bQ)
i[f§Àsv ƒmfm survD bfmfspv swN ˆj hf lcƒ vfjzfsk zKhf dnvGD bfmfsp db}wsè
dj¶vfzfk jvst zKhf k]fv dj¶vfzfk ðbsk bf ifWqf sostW mcÙÁflD nCvf Ifdkrf
zhwAƒ iVsh ˆhQ snƒ nfsK zbA nCvfW iVsk ifsv.
sp zfhC ùvfƒvf hstb, `ˆƒ jKf zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv jfY sKsj swfbfv iv stfsjvf
k]fv nfsK survD bfmfsp dj¶vfzfk jvf sKsj dhvk rsq sot.' snƒ (nCvf Ifdkrfv
Èv¢k¶ dbsq rflDn hBGbfjfvD) zfhC ùvfƒvfsj iaw´ jvf rt sp, (nCvf Ifdkrfv ˆk
Èv¢k¶ rst) ƒmfsmv iÇyfsk djHfsh iVf pfsh? …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `kcdm skfmfv
msb msb isV bfW. jfvB, zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -sj htsk ðsbdY, ªzfïfr kfzftf
hstb, `zfdm bfmfp (nCvf Ifdkrf)sj zfmfv W zfmfv hf¦lfv mfsU zfLfzfdL Hfo jsv
dbsqdY; zsLGj zfmfv ubA ˆhQ zsLGj zfmfv hf¦lfv ubA. zfv zfmfv hf¦lf kfƒ
ifq, pf sn iafKGbf jsv.' (mc} 395, zflf}, dk}, zfzf}, iamcJ, dm} 823bQ)
pdl hstb, zflshv dbqm ˆƒ sp, ufmfzfskv msLA ˆjub jKf htsh ˆhQ hfjD
nhfƒ yci Kfjsh. nhfƒ jKf htst swafkf hcUsk ifsv bf ˆhQ n©mfdbk swafkfv wfsb
shzflhD rq.
kfrst zfmvf hth sp, kfƒ pdl rq, kfrst ƒd²ÀIkfr, kfnhDr, kfwfrùl ƒkAfdl
sjb nhfƒ hst Kfsj? kfsk dj shzflhD rq bf? kf dj hcUsk zfïfrv zncdhLf rq
bf? kfYfVf ˆjƒ nfsK dhsw¶v jk wk mcntmfb ˆjƒ nmsq ˆj nfsK jk ƒmfm, jk
bIt bfmfpD bfmfsp nCvf Ifdkrf isV, kJb dj ˆƒ zncdhLf rq bf? mfbcsNv nfsK
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237

zfïfrv kctbf? bfdj zfïfrv jclvsk ns¦lr? zfnst spJfsb ltDt zfsY snJfsb
zfsjt äfvf jfu sbWqf zfsÄstv jfu bq.
iajfw Kfsj sp, pdl sjfb jfvBhwk} mcÙÁflD ƒmfsmv diYsb nCvf Ifdkrf iVsk
Hcst pfq, kfrst kfsk kfv bfmfp rsq pfsh. ‰ vfjzfk kfsj jfpf jvsk rsh bf.
jfvB, Hcstv zfmt LkGhA bq. (Iƒ} 1/264)
dnvGD bfmfsp ƒmfsmv diYsb mcÙÁflD dnulfv zfqfk ifE jvst sktfzskv dnulf
jvsk ifsv bf. sktfzskv dnulf ncâk. zfv ƒmfsmv zbcnvB Wqfsuh. zkˆh
ncâk iftb jvsk dosq sofbfr jvsk sj… ifsv bf. zfhfv ˆ jKf susbðsb sj…
dnulf jvst kfv bfmfp hfdkt rsq pfsh. (‰ 1/290)

mmÙ
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c ÁÁffllDDvv u
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trrW
Wqqffvv ddhhddH
Hââ z
zhh²
²f¿ f¿
ufmfzfk ðv¢ rsq pfWqfv iv sjfb bfmfpD bfmfsp wfdmt rsk yfƒst dbqdmk lcƒ
rfk kcst kfjhDsv kfrvDmf dlsq kfsj kfƒ jvsk rsh, pf ƒmfm jvsYb. kfVfùsVf
bf jsv ƒmfm sp zh²¿fq Kfjshb snƒ zh²¿fq LDsv-ncs²¿ wfdmt rsk rsh.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªbfmfsp zfnfv nmq LDv-d²¿vkfv nfsK ˆn ˆhQ kfVfùsVf jsv ˆsnf bf.
ˆviv pf ifsh kf isV bfW ˆhQ pf Ycse pfsh kf icvf jsv bfW.« (zf}, hc}, mc}, nuf} 275bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªskfmfslv sj… bfmfsp ˆst ˆhQ ƒmfm sjfb zh²¿fq Kfjst, sn spb
kfƒ jsv pf ƒmfm jvsY.« (dk}, dnn} 1188, nuf} 261bQ)
ƒmfm dnvGD bfmfsp iaKm vfjzfsk djqfm zh²¿fq Kfjst mcÙÁflD pKfdbqsm lcƒ rfk
kcst kfjhDsv kfrvDmf dlsq ƒd²ÀIkfrv lczf isV `zf†pc dhïfr-dhndmïfr' isV nCvf
Ifdkrf ˆhQ zbA ˆjde nCvf ifE jvsh. dj§Â ƒmfsmv v¢jC yst pfWqfv zfwËf rst
sjht `zf†pc dhïfr-dhndmïfr' isV nCvf Ifdkrf ifE jvsh. Ifdkrf ifE jvsk
jvsk ƒmfm v¢jC yst sost icsvf bf isVƒ v¢jCsk spsk rsh. (Iƒ} 1/259) ˆ s[sÛ
Ifdkrf iVfv ubA l]fdVsq Kfjf ShL bq.
survD bfmfsp ƒmfsmv nCvf Ifdkrf hf zbA nCvf ifE jvf zh²¿fq wfdmt rst mcÙÁflD
ƒd²ÀIkfr hf nfbf iVsh bf. hvQ ycsi ycsi sjht `zf†pc dhïfr-dhndmïfr' isV nCvf
Ifdkrf ifE jvsh. (mcm} 3/394)
ƒmfm v¢jCsk yst sost mcÙÁflD kfVfùsVf bf jsv LDsv-ncs²¿ pKfdbqsm l]fdVsq lcƒ
rfk kcst kfjhDsv kfrvDmf slWqfv iv v¢jcsk pfWqfv kjhDv isV v¢jCsk pfsh
ˆhQ v¢jCv knhDr ifE jvsh. zhwA nmq nQjDBG hcUst sjht kfrvDmfv kjhDvƒ
psKó. ˆ s[sÛ l]fdVsq kjhDsvv iv hcsj rfkW vfJsh bf ˆhQ nfbf hf IfdkrfW
iVsh bf. jfvB, ƒmfsmv zbcnvB uv¢vD. (Iƒ} 1/255, mcm} 4/242-243)
v¢jC sist vfjzfk oBA }
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ƒmfsmv nfsK v¢jC sist vfjzfk oBA rsh dj bf sn dhNqde dhkdjGk. hkGmfb dhsw¶v
nkAfbcnáfbD …tfmfosBv ncdyd§Àk mkfbcnfsv v¢jc sist vfjzfk oBA rsh.
ˆ hAfifsv sp njt ±ió rflDn hdBGk rsqsY kfsk djYc djYc lcht G kf KfjstW ˆj
ufmfzfk nfrfhfv zfmt ˆ jKfv nmKGb jsv.
ˆ hAfifsv ƒhsb mfn†l, ƒhsb …mfv, pfql dhb nfshk, zfècïfr dhb zfmXv iaHdx k
jkxjG v¢jC sist vfjzfk oBA rWqfv jKf nrDr nbsl hdBGk zfsY. i[f§Àsv zfhC
hfjvfv nrDr rflDsnv hAfJAf dbsq mksHl KfjstW zsbsj rflDndesj v¢jC sist
vfjzfk oBA rWqfv ltDt drnfsh hAhrfv jsvsYb. zfhC hfjvfr ˆjlf mndul
iashw jvskƒ slJstb bhD  v¢jCsk yst sosYb. dkdb kfVfùsVf jsv jfkfsv
wfdmt rWqfv zfsoƒ v¢jC jvstb. zk}iv v¢jCv zh²¿fq ytsk ytsk jfkfsv dosq
wfdmt rstb. ˆjKf bhD -sj htf rst dkdb k]fv …sÜswA htstb, ªzfïfr skfmfv
zfoar zfsvf hxdÝ jv¢b. zfv kcdm däkDq hfv ˆmbde jsvf bf. (zKhf zfv kcdm Ycse
ˆsnf bf. zKhf kcdm bfmfp dIdvsq isVf bf.)« (hc}, zflf}, dm} 1110bQ)
…ÙÁ rflDsn v¢jC sist vfjzfk sisq sbWqfv jKf ƒdÌsk hdBGk rsqsY. kfYfVf zfv
ˆjde ncâskv jKf hdBGk rsqsY sp, pdl sj… mndusl iashw jsv ƒmfmsj v¢jCv zh²¿fq
slsJ kfrst jfkfsv wfdmt rWqfv zfsoƒ kfv ubA v¢jC jvf ncâk. kfsk pdl sn ƒmfsmv
mfKf skftfv iv jfkfsv wfdmt rq kfrstW kfv ‰ vfjzfk oBA rsq pfsh. (kfdm} 286ix})
ƒhbcp pchfƒv
hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA pJb sj… mndusl iashw jsv slsJ sp
(ufmfzfskv) stfsjvf v¢jCv zh²¿fq zfsY, kfrst sn spb iashw jsvƒ v¢jC jsv.
zk}iv v¢jCv zh²¿fq ytsk ytsk jfkfsv wfdmt rq. jfvB, ˆefƒ rt ncâfr.«
(k¶fh, zfWnfk¶, zfvf}, ƒJc} 1571, rf} 1/214, hf} 3/106, dnn} 229bQ, ƒo} 2/260-265)
smfe jKf, sj… pdl ƒmfmsj v¢jCv zh²¿fq sisq k]fv nfsK v¢jCv (jmis[ ˆjhfv)
knhDr iVsk n[m rq, kfrst kfv sn vfjzfk oBA rsq pfsh. djqfm W nCvf Ifdkrf
bf sistW vfjzfk rsq pfsh. nCvf Ifdkrf YfVf bfmfp rq bf. dj§Â djqfm zh²¿fq
iVfv ncspfo bf sisq ƒmfsmv nfsK v¢jCsk yst sost mcÙÁflDv rsÄ kf mfuGbDq. jfvB,
nfLfvB ltDt sKsj ˆ hAfifvefW hAdkÛÁm. (mcm} 4/244) iv§Â ƒ¤Yf jsv pdl sj…
djqfsm wfdmt bf rsq (tìf kfvfhDrv) v¢jCsk wfdmt rq, kfrst kfv ‰ vfjzfk rsh
bf. jfvB sn ƒ¤Yfjxk bfmfspv ˆjde v¢jXb djqfm W nCvf Ifdkrf kAfo jsv.
nkjGkfv dhNq sp, ƒmfm v¢jC zh²¿fq Kfjst mndusl iashw jsv zsbj mcÙÁflD kfsj
v¢jC ifƒsq slWqfv zfwfq otf UfVf dlsq ƒmfmsj nkjG jsv. ˆmb jvf ShL bq.

ƒmfm jWmfv zh²¿fq Kfjst pKfdbqsm l]fdVsq lcƒ rfk kcst kfjhDsv kfrvDmf
slWqfv iv jWmfv lczf ifE jvsh. ˆ s[sÛ zfv vfjzfk oBA rsh bf.
ƒmfm dnulfq yst sost pKfdbqsm l]fdVsq lcƒ rfk kcst kfjhDsv kfrvDmf slWqfv
iv (hcsj rfk bf sh]sL) zfhfv kjhDv hst dnulfq dosq dnulfv knhDr ifE jvsh.
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239

zfv ˆ s[sÛW vfjzfk oBA rsh bf ˆhQ ƒmfsmv däkDq vfjzfsk djqfsm l]fVfsbfv
nmq ƒd²ÀIkfrW iVsh bf. hvQ `zf†pc dhïfr-dhndmïfr' isV nCvf Ifdkrf ifE
jvsh.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªzfmvf dnulfvk Kfjf zh²¿fq skfmvf bfmfsp ˆst skfmvfW
dnulf jv ˆhQ snefsj djYcW oBA jsvf bf.« (hc} 556, mc} 607-608, zflf} 893bQ)
ƒmfm lcƒ dnulfv mfsUv ShEsj Kfjst mcÙÁflD pKfdbqsm l]fdVsq lcƒ rfk kcst
kfjhDsv kfrvDmf slWqfv iv icbvfq kjhDv dlsq (hcsj rfk bf sh]sL) nvfndv
ƒmfsmv mk hsn pfsh ˆhQ ‰ ShEsjv lczf ifE jvsh.
ƒmfm swN dnulfq KfjstW k]fv ubA …sE l]fVfsbfv zsi[f ShL bq. hvQ pKfdbqsm
dnulfq spsk rsh ˆhQ pKfdbqsm ƒmfsmv nfsK …sE l]fdVsq `zf†pc dhïfr-dhndmïfr'
isV nCvf Ifdkrf ifE jvsh.
ˆJfsb l]fdVsq sKsj ˆjef dnulf JfmfJf bó jvf …dyk bq. jfvB, mrfbhD 
hstb, ªkcdm zfïfrv ubA zdLjfdLj dnulf jvfsj zHAfn hfdbsq bfW; jfvB pJbƒ
kcdm zfïfrv ubA ˆjde dnulf jvsh kJbƒ zfïfr kfv dhdbmsq skfmfsj ˆj
mpGflfq …âDk jvshb ˆhQ kfv lv¢b ˆjde sofbfr smfyb jvshb.« (mc} 488bQ dk},
bf}, ƒmf})
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªiaskAj hf¦lfƒ, pJb sn zfïfrv ubA ˆjde dnulf jsv
kJbƒ kfv dhdbmsq zfïfr kfv ubA ˆjde nWqfh dtdihÝ jsvb, kfv ˆjde sofbfr
[ftb jsv slb ˆhQ kfsj ˆjde mpGflfq …âDk jsvb. zkˆh skfmvf shwD shwD
jsv dnulf jv.« (ƒmf}, nkf} 379bQ)
htfƒ hfùtA sp, ƒmfsmv v¢jC sKsj mfKf skftfv iv vfjzfskv sjfb zQsw wfdmt
rst ‰ vfjzfk oBA rsh bf. ƒmfm nftfm dIsv dlst ‰ bfmfpD nftfm bf dIsv kjhDv
dlsq …sE Ycse pfWqf ‰ vfjzfk ˆjfjD pKfdbqsm iCvB jsv nftfm dIvsh.
zbcv™i däkDq vfjzfsk wfdmt rst zbcv™iHfsh vfjzfk oBA W zoBA rsh.
ƒmfm kfwfrùsl Kfjst mcÙÁflD pKfdbqsm l]fdVsq lcƒ rfk kcst kfjhDsv kfrvDmf
slWqfv iv icbvfq kjhDv dlsq (hcsj rfk bf sh]sL) nvfndv ƒmfsmv mk hsn pfsh
ˆhQ ‰ kfwfrùslv lczf ifE jvsh. ˆv Ist sjfb sjfb 4 vfjzfkdhdwó bfmfsp 3
hfv, 3 vfjzfkdhdwó bfmfsp 3 sKsj 4 hfv ˆhQ 2 vfjzfkdhdwó bfmfsp 2 hfv
kfwfrùl rsq spsk ifsv.
spmb spfrv, zfnv hf ˆwfv bfmfspv iaKm kfwfrùsl ufmfzfsk wfdmt rst mcÙÁflD
ƒmfsmv nfsK 2 vfjzfk bfmfp isV swN kfwfrùl iVsh. zfv kfv rsh iaKm
kfwfrùl. kfviv ƒmfsmv nftfm dIvfv iv kjhDv dlsq …sE hfjD 2 vfjzfk bfmfp
isV swN kfwfrùl ifE jvsh. ˆƒHfsh mcÙÁflDv rsq pfsh 3 kfwfrùl.
zbcv™iHfsh däkDq vfjzfsk hf swN kfwfrùsl wfdmt rst ƒmfsmv nftfm dIvfv
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240

iv …sE hfjD bfmfp zflfq jvstW pKfdbqsm kfv 3de kfwfrùl rsh.
mfosvshv bfmfspv däkDq vfjzfsk v¢jCv iv hf iaKm kfwfrùsl ufmfzfsk wfdmt
rst ƒmfsmv nfsK swsNv vfjzfk isV swN kfwfrùl iVsh. kfviv ƒmfsmv nftfm
dIvfv iv kjhDv dlsq …sE hfjD 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVsk iaKm sp vfjzfk sn
ˆjfjD iVsh snde kfv däkDq vfjzfk. Ist sn kfv drnfsh sn iaKm kfwfrùl
iVsh. kfviv …sE kxkDq vfjzfk isV swN kfwfrùl ifE jvsh. ˆƒHfsh ‰
mcÙÁflDv rsq pfsh 3 vfjzfsk 4de kfwfrùl.
dj§Â ˆƒ bfmfspv däkDq vfjzfsk v¢jCv zfso hf v¢jCsk wfdmt rst iaskAj
vfjzfsk 1de jsv smfe 3de kfwfrùl rsq pfsh. spmb swN kfwfrùsl wfdmt rstW
pKfdbqsm 3de kfwfrùl rsh.
Iusvv bfmfsp däkDq vfjzfsk zKhf kfwfrùsl wfdmt rst 2 vfjzfk bfmfsp
2de kfwfrùl rsq pfsh.
zhwA kfwfrùl shwD rWqfv ubA sjfb nù dnulf tfosh bf.
iajfw Kfsj sp, mcÙÁflD ƒmfsmv nftfm dIvfv iv …sE ˆjfjD sp bfmfp iVsh
snÈstf kfv swN vfjzfk. zkˆh swN vfjzfkÈstf sn ˆjfjD sp dbqsm isV dEj
snƒ dbqsm zflfq jvsh. (mh} 17/66, 18/107, Iƒ} 1/308) survD bfmfp rst survD dj¶vfzfsk
pdl ifswv bfmfpDv dFófhG bf rq, kfrst survD, bsy{ dnvGD dj¶vfzfk jsv bfmfp swN
jvsh. spsrkc ˆjfjD bfmfsp sufsv sufsv dj¶vfzfk hfLAkfmCtj bq. (Iƒ} 1/340)
ƒmfm nftfm dIsv dlst zfv ufmfzfsk wfdmt bf rsq zbA bfmfpD Kfjst kfsj dbsq
däkDq ufmfzfk jsv bfmfp iVsh.
ƒmfm iaKm nftfm dIsv swN jvstƒ mnhCj dbsuv hfjD bfmfp iVfv ubA …Esk
ifsv. jfvB, ˆj nftfsmW bfmfp rsq pfq. ksh nkjGkfv dhNq sp, k]fv nftfm ðv¢
jvfv nfsK nfsK …Esh bf. i[f§Àsv zsbsj hstsYb, ƒmfm pk[B däkDq nftfm sKsj
Ifsvo bf rsqsYb, kk[B …Ef ShL bq. ƒmfm wfsIqD (v}) hstb, sjfb mnhCj spb
ƒmfsmv …Hq nftfm dIsv swN bf jvf ipG§À kfv hfjD bfmfp zflfq jvsk bf …sE.
c ¶fnf} 41ix}) mrfbhD  hstb, ªsr stfj njt! zfdm skfmfslv ƒmfm. zkˆh
(mcmk
zfmfv zfso skfmvf v¢jC jsvf bf, dnulf jsvf bf, hsnf bf ˆhQ nftfm dIsvf bf.«
(zf}, mc})
zsbsj hstsYb, ƒmfsmv lcƒ nftfm dIvfv zfso …sE sost mnhCsjv bfmfp hfdkt
rsq pfsh. (IfkfWqfwX wfqJ ƒhdb nf`lD 174ix}, mck¶fnf} 96-97ix}) zkˆh bfmfpD nfhLfb!

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241

pdl sjfb bfmfpD mndusl ˆsn slsJ sp ufmzfk swN rsq sosY, dj§Â djYc mnhCj
(pfslv djYc bfmfp Ycse sosY kfvf) …sE ˆjfjD bfmfp iCBG jvsY, kfrst ufmfzfskv
nWqfh tfsHv zfwfq ‰ bfmfpDv sjfb ˆj mnhCsjv Ffƒsb l]fdVsq kfv ƒdÙÁlf jsv
bfmfp iVf ShL. (Iƒ} 1/266)
dj§Â wfqJ ƒhsb …NfƒmDb (v}) hstb, ˆv spsrkc ndEj iamfB sbƒ ˆhQ zsbsj
ˆv™i ðÝ bq hstsYb, snsrkc kf bf jvfƒ …Ùm. zfv mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp dhNsq
ns¦lr zfsY sn dhNq huGb jsv kfƒ jv pfsk ns¦lr sbƒ.« (dk} 2518, nuf} 3378bQ)
ªnckvfQ sp nd¦lrfb dhNqfhtD sKsj lCsv Kfjsh, sn kfv äDb W ƒÏksj h]fdysq
sbsh.« (hc} 52, mc} 1599bQ) htf hfùtA, zsbsj kf ufsqp htstW bf jvfefƒ …Ùm.
(I…} 1/371, dthfmf} 53-54ix})

z
zffqqffssk
kvv u
uhhffsshh mmÙ
cÙ
c ÁÁffllDDvv llcz
czff hht
tff
(db}wsè) jdkiq zfqfskv uhfh slWqf ˆhQ (sp sjfbW bfmfsp) vrmskv zfqfk
idEk rst snƒ nmq zfïfrv vrmk dH[f jvf ˆhQ zfpfshv zfqfk idEk rst snƒ
nmsq zfïfrv zfpfh sKsj ifbfr yfWqf mcÙÁflDv ubAW mc²Àfrfh. zhwA wkG rt,
kfsk spb ƒmfsmv dj¶vfzfk swfbfsk hAfOfk nxdó bf rq.
zkˆh ƒmfm lczf iVst mcÙÁflDW iVsh. bsy{ ƒmfm ˆjefbf dj¶vfzfk jsv sost
zfqfskv uhfsh hf zbA sjfb lczf iVf ShL rsh bf. jfvB kfsk mc²Àfrfh iftb jvsk
dosq zfslw tQOb jvf rsh. spsrkc ƒmfm dj¶vfzfk jvst mcÙÁflD yci sKsj msbfspfo
nrjfsv wahB jvsk zfdló rsqsY. (mcm} 3/394-395)

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ƒmfm sjfb Hct jvst mcÙÁflDv kf Ldvsq slWqf hf nQswfLb jsv slWqf jkGhA. zfv
hV mfvfk¹j Hcst (spmb bfmfspv sjfb wkG hf v¢jXb YfVfsk) k]fv zbcnvB jvf
smfseƒ …dyk bq.
ƒmfm Hcst dhbf WpCsk bfmfp iVfst ˆhQ mcÙÁflDvfW kf ufbsk bf ifvst, zk}iv
bfmfp swN jvfv iv ufbf sost mcÙÁflDslv bfmfp ðÝ. zhwA ƒmfmsj sn bfmfp
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icbvfq iVskƒ rsh. (mcm} 4/339, dthfmf} 99ix})

mrfbhD  hstb, ªstfsjvf skfmfslv ƒmfmdk jsv; nckvfQ kfvf pdl dEjHfsh
iVfq kfrst kf skfmfslv ubA ˆhQ kfslv ubAW. (zKGf{, skfmfslv bfmfp rsq pfsh
ˆhQ kfslvW.) i[f§Àsv kfvf pdl Hct iVfq kfrst skfmfslv (bfmfp ðÝ) rsq pfsh
ˆhQ Wslv (bfmfp ðÝ) rsh bf.« (zf}, hc}, dm} 1133bQ)
ˆjlf rpvk …mfv
zidhÛ zh²¿fq Hcst stfsjslv ƒmfmdk jvstb. zk}iv
dkdb dbsu bfmfp dIdvsq iVstb zfv stfsjvf iVt bf. (bfzf} 3/147)
bfmfp iVf zh²¿fq ƒmfm pdl ufbsk ifsv sp, sn bfifsj zfsY zKhf kfv WpC sHsÌ
sosY, dj§Â tÏfq sn bfmfp kAfo bf jsv isV swN jsv kfrstW mcÙÁflDslv bfmfp
ðÝ. zhwA ƒmfsmv bfmfp hfdkt ˆhQ kfv ubA susbðsb bfifsj bfmfp iVf rfvfm.
i[f§Àsv mcÙÁflD pdl ufbsk ifsv sp, ƒmfm bfifj zh²¿fq bfmfp iVfs¤Yb, kfrst
kfvW bfmfp hfdkt. (mcm} 4/340)
htf hfùtA, ƒmfm srfj yfsr mcÙÁflD bfmfp iVsk iVsk jfsvf WpC bó rsq sost
zKhf bfifsj zfsY msb iVst sn bfj Lsv bfmfp sYsV shv rsq zfnsh.
bhD mchfwXdwv  hstb, ªpJb skfmfslv sj… bfmfsp shWpC rsq pfq, kJb sn spb
bfj Lsv bfmfp kAfo jsv shdvsq zfsn.« (zflf} 1114bQ)
bfj Lsv shdvsq zfnfv iÇyfsk drjmk ˆƒ sp, pfsk stfsjvf msb jsv, kfv bfj
dlsq rqskf vÙÁ zfnsY. zfv ˆef dmKAf bq; hvQ ˆde ˆj iajfv Yl¹jmG, pf kfv ubA
ShL jvf rsqsY. pfsk sn stfsjslvsj tÏf jvst wqkfb kfsj bfmfp sYsV shdvsq
zfnsk hfLf bf slq.
 ƒmfsmv ƒmfmdk jvfq sjfb nmnAf slJf dlst
ƒmfmdk jvsk jvsk ƒmfsmv sjfb iadkháj hf nmnAf nxdó rst; spmb WpC bó rsq
sost, zKhf WpC sbƒ hf Ivp sofnt hfjD zfsY msb iVst, zKhf zÎfb rsq pfWqfv
zfwËf rst, zKhf otfv zfWqfp há rsq sost, zKhf bfj sKsj vÙÁ iVst, zKhf
ianafh-ifqJfbfv sho shnfmft rsq …Est, ƒmfm k{[Bf{ ˆjub …ipcÙÁ mcÙÁflDsj
ƒmfm hfdbsq bfj Lsv mndul kAfo jvshb.
bfmfp iVfv iV ƒmfm jfisV bfifjD slJst njstv bfmfp ðÝ rsq pfsh. bfmfp
iVsk iVsk slJst pdl kf snƒ zh²¿fskƒ lCv jvf n©Hh rq skf …Ùm. bsy{
bfmfp kAfo jsv shdvsq ˆsn jfiV idhÛ jvf uv¢vD. (mcm} 4/343)
bfmfp iVsk l]fdVsq rpvk …mfv
-sj JÓvfOfk jvf rst dkdb rpvk zfècv
vrmfb dhb zfWIsj zfso hfdVsq ƒmfmdk jvsk ƒdÌk jvst dkdb rfîfHfsh bfmfp
idVsq swN jvstb. (hc} 3700bQ)
ˆjlf bfmfp iVsk iVsk rpvk zftD
-ˆv bfj dlsq vÙÁ iVf ðv¢ rst dkdb
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243

ˆjubsj kfv rfk Lsv zfso hfdVsq dlsq dbsu shdvsq ˆstb. (ncbfb nf„l dhb mfbnCv,
dInc} …lGc 156ix})
sjfb mnhCj (pfv lc-ˆj vfjzfk Ycse sosY ˆmb mcÙÁflD)sjW ƒmfmdk jvsk zfso
hfdVsq slWqf ƒmfsmv ubA ShL.
snƒ nmq sjfb zmcÙÁflD (kJbW ufmfzfsk wfdmt rqdb ˆmb) stfjsjW ƒmfm
jvf pfq. ˆ s[sÛ sn ƒmfsmv kvkDh zbcpfqD bfmfp iVsh. mcÙÁflDslv bfmfp swN
rsq sost kfvf hsn kfv nftfm dIvfv zsi[f jvsh. (zKGf{, kfv zbcnvsB dbLGfdvk
vfjzfk zsi[f shwD iVsh bf.) zk}iv sn kfv hfjD bfmfp iCBG jsv nftfm dIvst
mcÙÁflDvfW kfv nfsK nftfm dIvsh. (Iƒ} 1/273, zfƒ} 245-251ix})
ƒmfm pdl jf…sj bfsqh jvsk ncspfo bf ifb, kfrst …ipcÙÁ ˆjub mcÙÁflDv
zoanv rsq ƒmfmdk jsv bfmfp n©iâ jvf jkGhA. zhwA ˆW ShL sp, ƒmfm bfmfp
kAfo jvst mcÙÁflDvf dbsu dbsu ˆjfjD bfmfp n©iâ jvsh. spmb rpvk mczfdhqfsj
ƒmfmdk jvf zh²¿fq zfÛÁmB jvf rst stfsjvf dbsu dbsu bfmfp swN jsvdYt. (mcm}
4/341, dInc} …lGc 156ix})
 ƒmfsmv wvmofr sJftf slJst
bfmfp iVsk iVsk mcÙÁflD ƒmfsmv wvmofr sJftf slJst yci sKsj k]fv ƒdÙÁlf
jsv pfWqf ShL bq. jfvB, sn ufsb sp, wvmofr shv rsq sost bfmfp hfdkt rsq
pfq. zfv pfv bfmfp hfdkt, kfv ƒdÙÁlf jvf ShL bq. zkˆh uv¢vD rt, bfmfp sYsV
ƒmfmsj sn dhNsq nkjG jvf. (ƒhsb hfp, mfkfrfzf} 26ix})
 ƒmfm nCvf Hct iVst
ƒmfm nCvf Hct iVst nQswfLb jvf, sjfb zfqfk Hcst sYsV dlst kf Ldvsq slWqf
mcÙÁflDv jkGhA.
`bfmfspv msLA pf jvf ShL' dwsvfbfsm ˆ dhNsq zfstfdyk rsqsY sp, ƒmfm nCvf
Ifdkrfq Hct jvst kf Ldvsq hf nQswfLb jsv slWqf mcÙÁflDv ubA Wqfsuh. ˆ YfVf
zbAfbA nCvf Hct iVstW msb jdvsq slWqf dhsLq.
ƒmfm nCvf Ifdkrfv iv zbA nCvf ifE jvfv nmq sjfb zfqfsk dosq zfesj sost
ˆhQ mcÙÁflDslv jfsvf sn nCvf mcJ²¿ bf Kfjst hf sj… Ldvsq bf dlst dkdb lcsqv msLA
ˆj jvsk ifsvb; (jsqj zfqfk iVf rsq Kfjst) dkdb ƒ¤Yf jvst kjhDv dlsq
v¢jCsk yst spsk ifsvb. bkchf (dhswN jsv dj¶vfzfskv ðv¢sk rst) zbA nCvf hf
nCvfv jkj zfqfk ifE jsv v¢jCsk spsk ifsvb. i[f§Àsv nCvf Ifdkrf iVsk iVsk
zfesj sost kfsj sp sjfb iajfsv n©iCBG isV swN jvskƒ rsh. bsy{ bfmfpƒ rsh
bf. (mfkfrfzf} 26ix})
mcÙÁflD sj… rfsIp bf Kfjst sjfb tìf bfmfsp rfsIp ƒmfsmv Hct Ldvsq slWqfv
ubA sjfb mcÙÁflDv mcnrfI dbsq bfmfsp slsJ pfWqf iasqfusb ShL. (I…} 1/365)
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244

ƒmfm Hct jsv bfmfspv sjfb v¢jXb hf vfjzfk kAfo jvst mcÙÁflD `nchrfbfïfr'
hst nkjG jvsh. vfjzfk shwD jvst kfsk k]fv zbcnvB jvsh bf. (mh} 15/87)
hvQ knhDr hst k]fsj hsn spsk ƒdÌk jvsh.
i[f§Àsv ƒmfm iaKm kfwfrùslv ShEj sYsV Hcst …sE iVst mcÙÁflDW k]fv nfsK
…sE pfsh. ˆ s[sÛ hfvhfv knhDr isV k]fsj hnsk hfLA jvsh bf ˆhQ ƒmfmW hnsk
hfLA rshb bf. (ˆ hAfifsv dh²Àfdvk hBGbf `nù dnulfv' hBGbfq zfnsh.)
nkjGkfv dhNq sp, mcÙÁflDslv mfsU Hct hcUfv ncspfo nxdó rsh hstƒ j¶fvD ƒmfsmv
…dyk bq, bfmfspv dHksv iaydtk dj¶vfzfk YfVf zbAfbA dhvt dj¶vfzfsk nCvf iVf.
jfvB, bfmfspv dHksv ˆjfdLj dbqsm dj¶vfzfk iVf dhlzfk. (mcdh} 317ix})

ˆ
ˆjjƒ
ƒ bbffmmffpp llcƒ
cƒhhffvv i
iVVff ppffqq ddj
j??
ˆjƒ bfmfp lcƒhfv iVf dbdNÝ. mrfbhD  hstb, ªˆjƒ bfmfpsj ˆjƒ dlsb
lcƒhfv isVf bf.« (zflf} 579bQ)
ˆjlf dkdb ˆj nfrfhDsj Iusvv isv bfmfp iVsk slsJ htstb, ªˆde zfhfv
sjfbX bfmfp? (Iusvv bfmfp dj lcƒhfv?)« (zf}, zflf} 1267, dk}, ƒmf} 1154, ƒJc}, ƒdr})
dj§Â pdl sj… sjfb zncdhLfv jfvsB hfnfq bfmfp isV dbsq mndusl ˆsn slsJ sp,
kJbW ufmfzfk ytsY, kfrst ufmfzfskv IpDtk ifWqfv zfwfq, ˆj ufmfzfsk
(mndusl) bfmfp iVfv iv däkDq ufmfzfsk (mndusl) sjfb jfsuv Jfdksv dosq
ufmfzfk ytsY slJst zdLj nWqfshv zfwfq, ƒmfm zkA§À slvD jsv bfmfp iVst
zfWqft zsÙÁ bfmfp isV sbWqfv iv icbvfq ‰ ƒmfsmv ufmfzfsk ˆhQ ˆ njt
s[sÛ bIstv dbqsk W shbfmfpD hf ufmfzfkkAfoD rWqfv zihfl zisbflb jvfv
…sÜswA ˆjƒ bfmfp däkDqhfv iVf …Ùm. zbcv™i sjfb nfLfvB mnduslv ƒmfm
swaôkv mndusl (mfrfk¹AiCBG 4 mnduslv sjfb ˆjdesk) bfmfp iVfv iv dbsuv
mndusl ƒmfmdk jvfv ubA, zKhf ˆjfjD bfmfpDsj ufmfzfskv nWqfh zuGb
jvfhfv …sÜswAW isV sbWqf bfmfp bIstv dbqsk icbvfq iVf pfq.
ˆjlf mndusl JfƒsI dkdb Iusvv bfmfsp nftfm dIsv slJstb, mnduslv ˆj
iafs§À lcƒ hAdÙÁ
ufmfzfsk bfmfp isV db. jfvB duÎfnf jvst kfvf Hsq j]fisk
j]fisk htt, `zfmvf zfmfslv hfnfq bfmfp isV dbsqdY.' dkdb htstb,
ªˆmbde
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245

zfv jsvf bf. hvQ pJb skfmfslv sj… dbu hfnfq bfmfp isV sbq, zk}iv (mndusl
ˆsn) slsJ sp, ƒmfm bfmfp isV db, kJb sn spb (däkDqhfv) k]fv nfsK bfmfp isV.
zfv ˆ bfmfp kfv ubA bIt rsh.« (zflf} 575, dk} 219, bf}, dm} 1152, nuf} 667bQ)
nfrfhD dmrufb
ˆj mudtsn zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv nfsK hsndYstb. ƒdkmsLA
zfpfb (ƒjfmk) rst zfïfrv vnCt  …sE sostb. dkdb bfmfp isV ˆsn slJstb,
dmrufb k]fv snƒ mudtsnƒ hsn zfsYb. zfïfrv vnCt  k]fsj htstb, ªstfsjslv
nfsK bfmfp iVsk skfmfsj djsn hfLf dlt? kcdm dj mcndtm bW?« dmrufb htstb,
`zhwAƒ, sr zfïfrv vnCt! ksh zfdm zfmfv Osv bfmfp isV dbsqdY.' ˆ jKf ðsb
zfïfrv vnCt  k]fsj htstb, ªkcdm bfmfp iVfv iv pJb mndusl zfn ˆhQ
bfmfspv ufmfzfk ðv¢ rq, kJb kcdmW stfsjslv nfsK bfmfp isV bfW; pdlW kcdm
iCshG sn bfmfp isV dbsq Kfj.« (mf}, bf}, dm}, dnn} 1337bQ)
ˆjlf mrfbhD  zfhC pfvG
-sj htstb, ªskfmfv zh²¿f dj rsh, pJb ˆmb ˆmb
zfmDv rsh, pfvf bfmfp smsv sItsh zKhf pKfnmq sKsj slvD jsv iVsh?« zfhC pfvG

htstb, `zfidb zfmfsj dj zfslw jsvb?' dkdb htstb, ªkcdm pKfnmsq bfmfp
isV bfW. zk}iv pdl snƒ bfmfp kfslv nfsK ifW, kfrst kf zfhfv isV bfW; ˆef
skfmfv ubA bIt rsh.« (mc}, zflf}, dm} 600bQ)
mczfp dhb ufhft
mrfbhD  ˆv nfsK k]fv mndusl (bhhDsk) bfmfp iVskb.
zk}iv dbu sofsÛ
dIsv
ˆsn
‰
bfmfspvƒ ƒmfmdk jvskb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 1150 bQ)
mrfbhD  ˆjlf ˆj hAdÙÁsj
ˆjfjD bfmfp iVsk slJst dkdb zbAfbA nfrfhDslv

…sÜswA htstb,
ªˆmb sj… dj sbƒ, sp ˆv nfsK bfmfp isV ˆsj (ufmfzfskv
nWqfh) lfb jsv?« ˆ jKf wcsb ˆj hAdÙÁ
…sE kfv nfsK bfmfp iVt. (zflf} 574,
dk}, dm} 1146 bQ) zKy sn mrfbhD  ˆv nfsK ‰ bfmfp iCshG isVdYt.
lcde bfmfspv msLA sjfbX bfmfpde bIt rsh sn dhNsq rpvk zfècïfr dhb …mfv
-
sj duÎfnf jvf rt sp, `…Hq bfmfspv msLA sjfbXde zfmfv (Ivp) bfmfp oBA jvh?'
…Ùsv dkdb hstdYstb, `ˆ ˆJdkqfv dj skfmfv zfsY? ˆ ˆJdkqfv zfsY ˆjmfÛ
zfïfr zfpXpf ufïfvƒ. dkdb …Hsqv msLA spdesj ƒ¤Yf Ivpv™si oBA jvshb.' (mf}, dm}
1156bQ) zhwA iCshGfÙÁ zsbj hBGbfq ±ió zfsY sp, swsNv bfmfpefƒ bIt oBA rsh.

ƒƒmmffssmmvv k
kjjhhDDvv ssi
iZ] Z] YYffssbbff
ƒmfsmv zfWqfu [DB rst zKhf ufmfzfk hV rst ƒmfsmv kjhDv njt mcnïD
ipG§À si]ZsY slWqfv ts[A mcÙÁflDv …¤yösv kjhDv htf ShL.
ˆjlf mrfbhD  znc²¿ rsq iVst dkdb hsn hsn bfmfp isVb. k]fv zfWqfu dYt
[DB. rpvk zfhC hfjXv
k]fv kjhDv ðsb kjhDv htdYstb ˆhQ stfsjvf zfhC
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246

hfjXsvv kjhDv ðsb kjhDv htdYt. (hc} 712-713, mc})

mcÙÁflDslv msLA sp mchfsïo dbhGfdyk rsh sn ƒmfsmv kjhDv htfv ivƒ kjhDv
htsh. k]fv zfso-zfso hf nfsK-nfsK htsh bf. ƒmfm `nfdmzfïfù dtmfb rfdmlfr'
htst mchfsïo `vfêfbf ztfjft rfmXl' htsh.
iajfw Kfsj sp, mchfsïo rt iasqfusbv s[sÛ. ziasqfusb zKGf{ spJfsb njt
bfmfpD ƒmfsmv kjhDv ðbsk ifq snJfsb mchfsïsov kjhDv iVf OxdBk dhlzfk.
(dInc} zfvfhD 1/216, mcmk
c ¶fnf} 62ix}, mcdh} 94ix})
mfƒj p§Ã mcndtmslv ubA ˆj hV sbqfmk. zfWqfusj lCsv W sufsv si]ZYfsbfv
ubA kfv zhlfb dhvfe. zfv ˆde zfpfb, ƒjfmk, sJfkhf W bfmfspv ubA hAhrfv
jvf dhlzfk bq. spmb dhlzfk bq dhwft ubnHf W ƒuskmfq kfv mfLAsm hÙÁxkf
W Wqfp-bnDrk jvf. htf hfùtA, spJfsb mfƒsjv mfLAsm njt mcÙÁflD ƒmfsmv
kjhDsvv wè zbfqfsn ðbsk ifsv snJfsb mchfsïsov iasqfub sbƒ. zfv spJfsb
mfƒj hAhrfv jvf dhlzfk bq snJfsb dhwft ufmfzfsk 50ef hf kfvW shwD nQJAj
mchfsïo svsJ bfmfp iVf zspZdÙÁj W zdkvÓb. ˆv Ist ƒmfsmv zfWqfu swN
jfkfsv si]ZYsk si]ZYsk ˆmb rq sp, ƒmfm pJb dnulf sKsj mfKf kcstb, swsNv
jfkfsvv mcnïDvf kJb v¢jC sKsj mfKf skfst! Ist ufmfzfskv mfsU dhvfe dhwx£Jtf
idvtd[k rq. (mcdh} 25, 334ix}) zfÇyspGv dhNq sp, …ÙÁ iajfv ƒuskmfq Wqfp-
bnDrk mfƒsj rq, dj§Â bfmfp rq dhbf mfƒsj. rqskf hf W]slv dbje iaKmef dhlzfk
bq ˆhQ däkDqde dhlzfk! dj ufdb ˆ sjfbX dhyfv?

ˆ
ˆjj bbffmmffpp i
iVVffvv i
ivv z
zi ivv bbffmmffssppvv u
ubbAA
z
zssi
i[[ff jjvvffvv I
IppDDt
tk k
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA snƒ hAdÙÁ bfmfspv zh²¿fskƒ Kfsj
pk[B bfmfp kfsj (zbAfbA jmG rsk) zfesj vfsJ. kfsj bfmfp hAkDk zbA djYc
kfv idvhfsvv dbje dIsv spsk hfLf slq bf.« (hcJfvD 659bQ, mcndtm 649bQ)
hcJfvD wvDsIv ˆj hBGbfq ˆv™i ˆsnsY, ªskfmfslv msLA snƒ hAdÙÁ bfmfspƒ Kfsj
pk[B bfmfp kfsj zfesj vfsJ. (zfofmD bfmfp iVfv ubA zsi[f jsv mnduslƒ
hsn Kfsj.) zfv snƒ nmq dIdvñfhoG htsk Kfsjb, `sr zfïfr! Wsj [mf jsv lfW.
sr zfïfr! Wv iadk nlq rW.' (ˆƒ lczf kk[B ipG§À ytsk Kfsj) pk[B ipG§À bf
sn bfmfspv ²¿fb kAfo jsvsY zKhf kfv Wpc bó rsqsY.« (hc} 3229bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªbfmfspv iv zfv ˆj bfmfspv ubA zsi[mfB hAdÙÁ snƒ
zw¶fsvfrDv nmkctA sp kfv zw¶nr zfïfrv isK wÛ¢v dhv¢sÝ dhÛÁsmv nfsK nlf
ia²Âk; sp Kfsj hxr{ iadkv[fv jfsu.« (zfrml, k¶fhfvfbDv zfWnfk¶, nrDr kfvoDh 447bQ)
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247

zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªbfmfspv ubA hsn iakD[fvk hAdÙÁ bfmfspv l×fqmfb
hAdÙÁv mk. kfv bfm bfmfsp mwoct hAdÙÁslv kfdtjfHcÙÁ Kfsj -kfv öoxr sKsj shv
rWqf rsk icbvfq oxsr dIsv pfWqf ipG§À.« (ƒhsb drêfb, zfrml, iamcJ, nrDr kfvoDh 451bQ)

u
umcm
c z
zffvv bbffmmffpp
ucmzfv bfmfp iaskAj nfhftj Îfb-n©iâ icv¢sNv ubA ufmfzfk nrjfsv Ivp.
mrfb zfïfr hstb,

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ذ‬n>0
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 ‫
ذ‬،j # ْ ‫א‬
zKGf{, sr „mfblfvoB! pJb ucmzfv dlb bfmfspv ubA zfrhfb jvf rsh, kJb
skfmvf nk¶v zfïfrv ±mvsBv ubA …id²¿k rW ˆhQ ÛÁq-dhÛÁq huGb jv. ˆdeƒ
skfmfslv ubA jtAfBjv, pdl skfmvf …itdé jv. (jc} 62/9)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªlcdbqfsk zfmfslv zfnfv nmq njt ufdkv isv. dj§Â
djqfmskv dlb zfmvf njstv zoahkGD. (njstv zfso zfmfslv drnfh-dbjfw rsh.)
zhwA zfmfslv iCshG Wslvsj (ƒqfùlD W bfnfvfsj) djkfh slWqf rsqsY. zfmvf
djkfh sisqdY Wslv isv. ˆƒ (ucmzfv) dlsbv kf'pDm Wslv …iv Ivp jvf
rsqdYt. dj§Â Wvf kfsk mksHl jsv hnt. i[f§Àsv zfïfr zfmfslvsj kfsk
ˆjmk rWqfv kWIDj lfb jsvsYb. nckvfQ njt mfbcN zfmfslv sKsj iÇyfsk.
ƒqfùlD zfofmD dlb (wdbhfv)sj kf'pDm jsv (ucmzfv dlb hst mfsb) ˆhQ bfnfvf
jsv kfv isvv dlb (vdhhfv)sj.« (hc}, mc}, dm})
mrfbhD  hstb, ªiaskAj nfhftj icv¢sNv ubA ucmzfq …id²¿k rWqf
Wqfsuh.« (bf} 1371bQ)
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248

rpvk ƒhsb mn…l

jkxj G hdBGk, bhD  hstb, ªzfdm ƒ¤Yf jsvdY sp, ˆj
hAdÙÁsj stfsjslv ƒmfmdk jvsk zfslw jsv ‰ swaBDv stfsjslv Ov-hfdV icdVsq
dlƒ, pfvf ucmzfsk zbcid²¿k Kfsj.« (mcndtm 652bQ, rfsjm)
rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf
W ƒhsb …mfv
jkxj G hdBGk, k]fvf wcsbsYb, zfïfrv vnCt
 k]fv dmìsvv jfsEv …iv hstsYb sp, ªjkj n©ialfq kfslv ucmzfr kAfo jvf
rsk zdk zhwAƒ dhvk srfj, bkchf zfïfr kfslv z§Àsv zhwAƒ smfrv smsv
slshb. zk}iv kfvf zhwAƒ zhsrtfjfvDslv z§ÀHÙ cG Á rsq pfsh.« (mc} 865 bQ, ƒmf})
rpvk zfhct uf'l pfmvD
rsk hdBGk, bhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ dhbf Wusv
dkbde ucmzfr kAfo jvsh sn hAdÙÁ mcbfdIj.« (ƒJc}, ƒdr}, nkf} 726bQ)
rpvk ufshv dhb zfècïfr
jkxj G hdBGk, dkdb hstb, ˆjlf bhD  ucmzfv dlb
JfVf rsq Jckhf lfbjfst htstb, ªn©Hhk} ˆmbW stfj zfsY, pfv dbje ucmzfr
…id²¿k rq; zKy sn mlDbf sKsj mfÛ ˆj mfƒt lCsv Kfsj ˆhQ ucmzfq rfdpv rq
bf.« däkDq hfsv dkdb htstb, ªn©Hhk} ˆmb stfjW zfsY pfv dbje ucmzfr
…id²¿k rq; zKy sn mlDbf sKsj mfÛ lcƒ mfƒt lCsv Kfsj ˆhQ ucmzfq rfduv rq
bf.« zk}iv kxkDqhfsv dkdb htstb, ªn©Hhk} ˆmb stfjW zfsY sp mlDbf sKsj
mfÛ dkb mfƒt lCsv Kfsj ˆhQ ucmzfq rfduv rq bf kfv r™lsq zfïfr smfrv smsv
slb.« (zfhC qAf'tf, nkf} 731bQ)
rpvk ƒhsb zfêfn
hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ iviv 3 de ucmzfr kAfo jvt, sn
zhwAƒ ƒntfmsj dbsuv diYsb sIst dlt.« (‰, nkf}732bQ)

u
umcm
c z
zffr
r ppffssllvv …
…iivv I
Ivvpp bbqq
1-2-3. mdrtf, dwð W znc²¿ hAdÙÁ.
bhD mchfwXdwv  hstb, ªiaskAj mcndtsmv ubA ufmfzfk nrjfsv ucmzfr Ivp.
zhwA 4 hAdÙÁv ubA Ivp bq; ÛÁDklfn, mdrtf, dwð W znc²¿.« (zflf} 1067bQ)
4. sp hAdÙÁ (wÛ¢, n©il dhbó, nIsvv nÌD Ycse pfWqfv) Hsq,
zKhf hxdó, jflf hf zkA§À wDk hf oaDs°mv jfvsB mndusl …id²¿k
rsk z[m.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ mczfpXdpsbv (zfpfb) swfsb ˆhQ sjfb Wuv (Hq
zKhf zncJ) kfsj ufmfzfsk …id²¿k rsk hfLf bf slq, kfrst sp bfmfp sn isV,
kfv sn bfmfp jhct rq bf.« (zflf} 551bQ)
ˆjlf ƒhsb zfêfn
ˆj hxdómq ucmzfv dlsb k]fv mczfpdpbsj htstb, `kcdm
pJb zfwrflc zfâf mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr' htsh kJb ht, `skfmvf skfmfslv Osv
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249

bfmfp isV bfW.' ˆ jKf ðsb stfsjvf spb zfidÙjv msbfHfh hAÙÁ jvt. dj§Â dkdb
htstb, `ˆv™i dkdb jsvsYb dpdb zfmfv sKsj swaô. zKGf{, zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv™i
jsvsYb. zfv zfdmW skfmfslvsj ˆƒ jflf W diYt ufqofv mfsU shv rWqfsj
ziY¦l jvtfm.' (hc} 901, mc} 699bQ)
iajfw Kfsj sp, pfvf lCsvv mfsE zKhf uÌst zKhf nmcsû jfu jsv ˆhQ zfpfb
ðbsk ifq bf, kfYfVf jfu sYsV wrv hf oafsm zfnfW n©Hh bq, kfslv ubA ucmzfr
Ivp bq. (Iƒ} 1/414, I…} 1/399)
5. mcnfdIv }
mrfbhD  ucmzfv dlb nIsv Kfjst, ucmzfv bfmfp bf isV spfrsvv bfmfp
iVskb. dhlfqD rsÏv nmq dkdb zfvfIfsk zh²¿fbjfst ucmzfv bfmfp isVbdb.
hvQ spfrv W zfnsvv bfmfpsj zdoam umf jsv isVdYstb. zbcv™i zfmt dYt
JctfIfsq vfswlDb  slvW.
…ipGÙ
c Á hAdÙÁhsoGv ubA ucmzfv bfmfp Ivp bq. dj§Â spfrsvv bfmfp zhwAƒ Ivp.
iv§Â pdl kfvfW ucmzfv mndusl …id²¿k rsq ufmfzfsk ucmzfr isV sbq, kfrst
kf ShL. ˆ s[sÛ kfslv ucmzfr rsq pfsh ˆhQ spfrsvv bfmfp mfI rsq pfsh.
ˆjfdLj rflDn ˆ jKf iamfB jsv sp, mrfbhD  ˆhQ JctfIfsq vfswlDb  slv pcso
mdrtfvf ucmzfr W ufmfzfsk …id²¿k rsq bfmfp zflfq jvk.
…sïJA sp, sjfb mcnfdIv ucmzfr Jckhf dlst W ƒmfmdk jvst kf ðÝ rsq pfsh.
(mcm} 5/23)
ucmzfv ufmfzfsk sjfb mcnfdIv spfrsvv jnv zflfq jvfv dbqk jvsk ifsv bf.
jfvB, spfrv zsi[f ucmzfv IpDtk zsbj shwD. (mcm} 4/574)

u
umcm
c z
zffvv nnmmqq
zdLjfQw nfrfhf, kfsh„b W ƒmfmosBv dbje ucmzfv nmq spfrsvv nmq ˆjƒ.
zKGf{, nCpG Ttfv iv sKsj dbsq iaskAj h²Âv Yfqf kfv nmidvmfB rWqf (zfnsvv
zfso) ipG§À.
rpvk zfbfn
hstb, `bhD  ucmzfr kJb iVskb, pJb nCpG idÇym zfjfsw
Tst spk.' (zf}, hc}, zflf}, dk}, hf})
ƒmfm hcJfvD hstb, `ucmzfv nmq nCpG Ttfv ivƒ ðv¢ rq. rpvk …mfv, zftD,
bc'mfb dhb hfwDv ˆhQ zfmXv dhb ùqfƒdvN jkGj
x ˆ hAfifsv hBGbf ifWqf pfq.' (hc})
rpvk nftfmfr dhb zfjWqf'
hstb, `zfmvf pJb bhD -ˆv nfsK ucmzfv
bfmfp isV Osv dIvkfm, kJb slWqfstv sjfb Yfqf Kfjk bf.' (hc}, mc}, zflf})
rpvk zfbfn
hstb, `Efàf Jch shwD rst bhD  ucmzfv bfmfp njft njft
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250

iVskb ˆhQ ovm Jch shwD rst slvD jsv iVskb.' (hc})
zhwA nCpG Ttfv iCshGW ucmzfr iVf ShL. (dh²Àfdvk ûóhA zfbf} 22-25ix}) ksh nCpG
Ttfv ivƒ ucmzfrv (Jckhfv) zfpfb rWqf …Ùm. jfvB, iaKmk} ˆsk zdLjfQw
…tfmfv nfsK nrmk iajfw rq. däkDqk} pfvf ucmzfq rfduv rq bf ˆhQ nmsqv Jhv
bf svsJ zfpfb ðsb bfmfp iVsk zHAfnD (Wpvoa²À W mdrtfvf) nmq rWqfv iCshGƒ
bfmfp isV sIst bf. (dthfmf} 5/34)
iajfw Kfsj sp, njft njft mndusl dosq kfdrqAfkct mndul nr zbAfbA bIt
iVf nCpG dEj mfKfv …isv Kfjfv nmsq rstW kf dbsNsLv zfWkfHcÙÁ bq. (‰)

u
umcm
c z
zffvv u
ubbAA ddbbmm´k
´kmm bbffmmffppDD nnQQJJAAff
ucmzfv bfmfp spsrkc ufmfzfk nrjfsv Ivp, snsrkc sp jq ub stfj dbsq
ufmfzfk rsh, sn jq ub stfj dbsq ucmzfrW iadkdôk rsh. dj§Â kfv ubA dbdlGó
stfj nQJAf rflDn sKsj iamfdBk bq.

u
umcm
c z
zffvv ²
²f¿ f¿ bb
ucmzfr spmb wrvhfnDv ubA Ivp, skmdb Ivp oafmhfnDv ubAW. ˆv ubA JtDIf
rWqf, wrv rWqf, ufsm mndul rWqf hf 40 ub bfmfpD rWqf wkG bq. hvQ spJfsbƒ
²¿fbDq ²¿fqD hnhfnjfvD ufmfzfk ifWqf pfsh, snJfsbƒ ucmzfr Ivp. (mh} 22/75,
Iƒ} 1/424)
rpvk ƒhsb zfêfn
hstb, `bhD -ˆv mndusl ucmzfr iadkdôk rWqfv iv
ƒntfsm nhGiaKm sp ucmzfr iadkdôk rq, kf rt hfrvfƒsbv ucqfNf bfmj ˆj oafsm.'
(hc} 892, 4371, zflf} 1068bQ)
rpvk ƒhsb …mfv
mÄf mcjfvGfmf W mlDbf bhdhqfv mLAhkGD isK zhd²¿k sYfe
sYfe ubisl ucmzfr iadkdôk rsk t[A jvskb. dkdb kfsk sjfb zfidÙ ufbfskb
bf. (zfvf})
rpvk …mfv
hstb, `skfmvf spJfsbƒ Kfj, snJfsbƒ ucmzfr iV.' (zfvf}, kfdm}
332ix})
i[f§Àsv ifVf-oafsm ucmzfr rsh bf hst rpvk zftD jkGj
x sp rflDn hBGbf jvf rq,
kf nrDr bq. (mh} 16/352-354, 22/75)
sjfb zmcndtm slsw iVfswfbf hf yfjvD jvsk dosq snJfsb mndul bf Kfjst hf
psKó nQJAj mcndtm bf KfjstW 3 usbƒ sp sjfb v¢sm ucmzfr jfsqm rsh. (mh}
15/85)
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251

ˆjƒ hV oafm hf wrsv dh¤Yâkf nxdóv …sÜswA bq, hvQ mndul nQjDBG rWqfv
jfvsB, zKhf lCv rWqfv jfvsB, zKhf dIkbf nxdó rWqfv zfwËfq iasqfusb ˆjfdLj
mndusl ucmzfr jfsqm jvf pfq. (mh} 18/111, 19/165-166)
sjfb mndusl ucmzfr iVfv ubA dbmGfsBv nmq ‰ dbqk wkG bq. zdÙÁqfv™si
dbmGfsBv iv iasqfusb snJfsb ucmzfr iVf pfq. (mh} 18/110)

u
umcm
c z
zffvv z
zffppffbb
mrfbhD , rpvk zfhC hfjXv W rpvk …mfv -ˆv pfmfbfq ucmzfv mfÛ 1de
zfpfbƒ iaydtk dYt. zfv ˆ zfpfb slWqf rk, pJb ƒmfm Jckhfr slWqfv ubA
dmìsv ysV hnskb kJb mnduslv lvufv nfmsb …]yc ufqofq l]fdVsq. ˆƒv™i zfpfb
yftc dYt rpvk zfhC hfjXv, …mfsvv sJtfIk jft ipG§À. zk}iv rpvk …nmfb

mlDbfv hfdV-Ov lCsv lCsv ˆhQ ubnQJAf shwD slsJ …ÙÁ zfpfsbv iCshG zfsvf ˆjde
zdkdvÙÁ zfpfb yftc jvstb. pfsk stfsjvf iChG sKsjƒ ia²Âdk dbsq ucmzfv Jckhfr
ðbsk iaKm sKsjƒ …id²¿k rq. zfv ˆƒ zfpfb slWqf rk hfufsv pfWvf bfmj
ˆjde …]yc Osvv Yfsl. ˆ zfpfb ðsb stfsjvf ucmzfrv nmq …id²¿k rsqsY hst
ufbsk ifvk. ˆƒHfsh ‰ zfpfb iaydtk Kfjt. ˆsk sj… k]fv iadkhfl hf
nmfstfybf jvt bf. zKy dmbfq (2 vfjzfskv ufqofq) 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVfv
jfvsB stfsjvf k]fv nmfstfybf jsvdYt. (hc}, nczf}, zfbf} 8-9ix})
htfƒ hfùtA sp, sp jfu ˆjub JtDIfsq vfswl jsvsYb kf dhlzfk rsk ifsv bf.
dhswN jsv mrfbhD -ˆv dhsvfdLkf sbƒ spJfsb snJfsb nfrfhDv ƒudkrfl W zfmt
zfmfslv ubAW ncâk. sjbbf, mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA sp zfmfv isv
uDdhk Kfjsh, sn hù mksHl slJsk ifsh. zkˆh skfmvf zfmfv ncâfr (iK W
zflwG) ˆhQ zfmfv ivhkGD nciKiafå
JctfIfsq vfswlDsbv ncâfr zhtìb jsvf. kf
lxPHfsh LfvB jsvf, l]fsk jfmsV Lsvf. zfv
äDsb bhvdyk jmG sKsj nfhLfb sKsjf.
jfvB iaskAj bhvdyk
(äDbD) jmGƒ rt `dhlzfk'. zfv iaskAj dhlzfkƒ rt
ëókf.«
(zf}, zflf} 4607, dk} 2815 bQ, ƒmf}, dm} 165bQ) (mh} 15/75)
zkˆh pdl zbcv™i iasqfub shfL jsv mfsE-Ofse W zdIsn-hfufsv nhGnfLfvBsj
ucmzfv ubA ia²Âk rWqfv jKf ufbfsbf ˆjf§À uv¢vD rsqƒ Kfsj, kfrst kxkDq
JtDIfv sn ncâk hAhrfv jvsk zfmfslv hfLf sjfKfq?
i[f§Àsv dhlzfk W hfLf rt, ˆjƒ …sÜswA ˆv idvhskG zbA djYc hAhrfv jvf.
spmb, mfƒsj ucmzfv nmq hst slWqf, WpC-sofnt snsv mndusl zfnsk zbcsvfL
jvf, nCvf ucmzfv swN 3de zfqfk ifE jvf, out iVf, sht hf O¦ef hfufsbf ƒkAfdl.
(Iƒ} 1/411, 421)
zhwA ˆƒ zfpfb dlsk rsh Jckhfv zfpfsbv nmsqv psKó iCshG. bsy{, zfpfsbv
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252

iaLfb …sÜwAƒ hfdkt rsq pfsh. spmb 5 hf 10 dmdbe zfso rst kfsk skmb djYc
tfH idvtd[k rsh bf. z§Àk}is[ zfLf sKsj ˆj O¦ef zfso rst kshƒ …sÜwA
nIt rsh.
…sïJA sp, ucmzfv dlb (Jckhfv zfso däkDq) zfpfb rWqfv iv shyf-sjbf (zbcv™i
nIv jvf) rfvfm rsq pfq. jfvB, mrfb zfïfrv zfslw rt, ªsr „mfblfvoB! pJb
ucmzfv dlb bfmfspv ubA zfrhfb jvf rsh, kJb skfmvf nk¶v zfïfrv ±mvsBv ubA
…id²¿k rW ˆhQ ÛÁq-dhÛÁq huGb jv. ˆdeƒ skfmfslv ubA jtAfBjv, pdl skfmvf
…itdé jv.« (jc} 62/9)
däkDq zfpfb (mfƒsj rstW) slWqf …dyk mnduslv nfmsb sjfb …]yc ufqofq. ˆ
zfpfb mnduslv dHksv dmìsvv nfmsb slWqf dhlzfk. (zfbf} 14-19ix})

u
umcm
c z
zffvv JJk
ck
c hhffvv z
zffr
rjjffmm
ucmzfv Jckhfv lcde zQw. iaKm zQwde iaKm Jckhfr ˆhQ swN zQwde däkDq Jckhf
bfsm iadnÝ. Jckhfr mfsb rt HfNB hf hÙÁxkf. ˆƒ HfNB slWqf W swfbfv hù dbqm-
bDdk zfsY. pfv djYc dbm´v™i }-
Jckhfv ubA WpC rWqf wkG bq. ksh Jckhfv isvƒ spsrkc bfmfp, kfƒ Wpc Kfjf
hfÒbDq. Jckhf ytfjfst JkDshv WpC bó rst Jckhfv iv dkdb WpC jvshb ˆhQ sn
ipG§À stfsjvf zsi[f jvsh. (IfkfWqf bCv¢b zftflX lfhG, ƒhsb …NfƒmDb 1/208)
Jckhf idvshdwk rsh làfqmfb zh²¿fq. dhbf Wusv hsn ucmzfv Jckhf nrDr bq.
mrfbhD  Jckhfq l]fVfhfv nmq tfdE zKhf Lbcsjv …iv Hv dlsq l]fVfskb. (zflf}
1096bQ) zhwA zsbsj hstb, ˆ dYt smìv hfbfsbfv iCshG. zïfù zf'tfm.
mrfbhD -ˆv zdLjfQw nmsq mfKfq ifoVD hAhrfv jvskb. nckvfQ pfvf ifoVD
hAhrfv jsv bf kfslv dhswN jsv ucmzfr hf Jckhfv ubA ifoVD hAhrfv jvf
dhlzfk. (zfbf} 67ix})
ucmzfv Jckhf rsh sjfb …]yc ufqofq l]fdVsq. pfsk njt bfmfpDsj JkDh slJsk
ifb ˆhQ k]fsj njst slJsk ifq. ˆ s[sÛ 2 Kfdj hf 3 Kfdj zKhf kfv sysq shwD
Kfdjv sjfb iaw´ sbƒ. zfnt …sÜwA rt …]yc ufqof. zk}iv snƒ …]yc ufqofq
si]ZYsbfv ubA pkef dndVv lvjfv kkef jvf pfsh. ˆsk hfLAkfmCtj sjfb bDdk
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253

sbƒ. ðv¢sk mrfbhD  ˆjde sJucv ofsYv …iv Jckhf dlskb. kfviv ˆj Ycskfv
nfrfhD k]fsj ˆjde dmìv hfdbsq dlsqdYstb; pfv dndV dYt 2de. (zflf} 1081bQ) ˆƒ
lcƒ dndV ysV kxkDq (swN) Lfsi mrfbhD  hnskb. htf hfùtA, k]fv dmìv dYt dkb
Lfidhdwó. zfv ˆefƒ rt ncâk. (Ihf} 2/331) (ˆhQ jvsk rq msb jsv) kfv shwD
Lfi jvf dhlzfk. (zfbf} 67ix})
dhswN jsv ucmzfv ubA ucmzfv dlb dmìsvv …iv jfsiGe dhYfsbf dhlzfk. (zfbf}
66ix})
dmìsv ysV mrfbhD  mcnïDslv …sÜswA nftfm dlskb. (ƒmf} 1109, dnn} 2076bQ)
ˆviv hsn spskb. mczfpdpb zfpfb swN jvst …sE l]fVfskb.
zfïfrv vnCt  l]fdVsq Jckhf dlskb. dkdb Jckhfq jcvzfsbv zfqfk ifE jsv
stfsjslvsj bnDrk jvskb. (mc}, zflf}, bf}, ƒmf})
Jckhfr rsh mrfb zfïfrv iawQnf, mrfbhDv bhczskv nf[A, zfïfrv kfWrDslv
Èv¢k¶, „mfb W ƒntfsmv wfJf-iawfJfv zfstfybf, rftft W rfvfsmv dhdHâ zfrjfm,
jcvzfb mfuDslv djYc nCvf hf zfqfk ifE, stfsjslv ubA …islw, zfslw-dbsNL hf
Wqfp-bnDrk ˆhQ mcndtm nhGnfLfvsBv ubA lczf nìdtk.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp Jckhfq kfwfrùl, wfrflk hf zfïfrv kfWrDslv W vnCstv
dvnftskv nf[A Kfsj bf, kf jfef rfskv mk (E]csef).« (zflf} 4841, nuf} 4520bQ)
k]fv Jckhfv HCdmjfq mrfbhD  pf ifE jvskb kf h[AmfB ic²Àsjv (iaKm Jsàv)
HCdmjfq …sïJ jvf rsqsY. ‰ Jckhf ifE jvfv iv dkdb `zf©mf hf'l' (zk}iv)
htskb.
jJsbf jJsbf mrfbhD ‰ Jckhfq …sïdJk zfqfk 3de ifE jvskb bf. jJsbf jJsbf
zf©mf hf'slv iv htskb,

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zKGf{, zk}iv dbÇyqƒ nhGswaô hfBD zfïfrv oa§¿. nhGswaô srlfqfk mcrf©mfl -
ˆv srlfqfk. zfv nhGdbjxó jmG rt bhvdyk jmG. iaskAj bhvdyk jmGƒ dhlzfk.
iaskAj dhlzfkƒ ëókf ˆhQ iaskAj ëókf slfpsJ. (kfdm} 334-335ix})
dkdb Jckhfq nCvf j¶fI ˆk shwD ifE jvskb sp, …s©m drwfm (vf}) iafq ucmzfsk
zfïfrv vnCt -sj dmìsvv …isv ifE jvsk ðsb kf mcJ²¿ jsv sIstdYstb. (zf},
mc} 872-873bQ, zflf}, bf})
kfviv ˆjde Jckhf dlsq ˆjec hnskb.
ˆ ShEsj iEbDq sjfb lczf hf dpjXv sbƒ. JkDh hf mcÙÁflD njstv ubAƒ ˆ nmsq
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254

nCvf ƒJtfn ifE jvf dhlzfk. (mcdh} 122ix}) mrfbhD  hsn sjfb jKf htskb bf.
zk}iv …sE däkDq Jckhf dlskb. (hc}, mc}, zflf} 1092, 1095bQ)
ˆƒ nmq (lcƒ Jckhfv mfsU) jfsvf lczf jvf ˆhQ kfv ubA rfk skftf dhsLq bq.
(zfbf} 70ix})
k]fv …Hq Jckhfskƒ bnDrk rk. nckvfQ ˆjde Jckhfsk sjht dj¶vfzfk ˆhQ
ziv Jckhfsk sjht bnDrk, zKhf ˆjde Jckhfsk bnDrk ˆhQ zivdesk sjht
lczf jvf ndEj bq. (zfbf} 71ix})
Jckhf rsh nQs[i zKy hAfij dhNqdHdÙj. mrfbhD -ˆv Jckhf ˆhQ bfmfp
mfUfmfdU Lvsbv rk. (mc} 866, zf} 1101, dk}, bf}, ƒmf}) dkdb htskb, ª(JkDh)
mfbcsNv bfmfp tìf ˆhQ Jckhf nQd[å rWqf kfv äDbD Îfb Kfjfv idvyq. nckvfQ
skfmvf bfmfpsj tìf ˆhQ Jckhfsj nQs[i jv.« (zf}, mc} 869bQ) rpvk zf©mfv dhb
ƒqfdnv
hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt  zfmfslvsj Jckhf sYfe jvsk zfslw dlsqsYb.'
(zflf} 1106bQ)
ucmzfv Jckhfv ubA dhswN ia²Âdk sbWqf ˆhQ …¤yösv iaHfhwftD W r™lqoafrD HfNf
hAhrfv jsv idvshswv hkGmfb sia[fie W idvd²¿dk nfmsb svsJ HfNB lfb jvf
JkDshv jkGhA. mrfbhD  pJb Jckhf dlskb, kJb k]fv syfJ tft rsq spk, k]fv
j÷öv …]yc rk ˆhQ k]fv sÛÁfL shsV spk; spb dkdb stfsjslvsj ˆmb ˆj snbfhfdrbD
n©isjG nkjG jvsYb, pf zfuƒ náAf zKhf njfst kfslvsj ˆsn zfÛÁmB jvsh.
(mc}, ƒmf})
ofb ofWqfv mk ncv jsv Jckhf slWqf dhsLq bq, hvQ kf dhlzfk. (zfbf} 72ix})
JkDshv …dyk, Jckhfq lcht G W uft rflDn hAhrfv bf jvf. iaskAj Jckhf ia²Âk
jvfv nmq Y]fjf W oshNBfté jKf shsY sbWqf …dyk.
ucmzfr hfnvDq Jckhfv msLA JkDh mcndtm ubnfLfvBsj nrDr zfjDlfr dw[f
slshb, jcnQõfv dbmGCt jvshb, dhlzfk zbciashw jvfv hAfifsv W kf huGb jvsk
zfrhfb ufbfshb. n¤ydvÛkf W dwófyfdvkf dw[f slshb. ƒntfsmv dhv¢sÝ njt
iajfv ns¦lsrv dbvnb Oefshb. mfduGk HfNfq W HdÌmfq hfdkt mkhfl W hÙÁxkf-
stJbDv Jàb jvshb. ƒntfmD ëfkxk¶shfsLv W ‰sjAv …iv dhswN sufv dlsq kfv
Èv¢k¶ Icdesq kctshb HfNsBv mfLAsm. …äcÝ jvshb mprfh, HfNf, hBG W hQw dHdÙj
njt iajfv zá i[ifdkk¶ W kvIlfvD huGb jvsk.
dmìv mcndtm ubnfLfvsBv. ˆ dmìvsj dhswN sjfb vfuSbdkj lstv ubA hAhrfv
jvf pfsh bf. sjfb lstvƒ iakA[ hf isvf[Hfsh kvIlfvD jvf pfsh bf ˆsk ysV.
JkDh nfsrh nfLfvBHfsh njtsj bnDrk jvshb. dkdb rshb njstv jfsY waÝfv
ifÛ. zhwA ƒntfm-dhsvfLD sjfb jKf hf jfsu dkdb jfsvf skfNfml jvshb bf.
htf hfùtA, mndul zfïfrv Ov. ˆef sjfb mfbhvdyk vfubDdkv zfJVf bq. ˆJfsb
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255

äDb …]yc jvfv jKf YfVf zbA lt hf hAdÙÁok öfsKGv jKf zfstfdyk rsh bf. mrfb
zfïfr hstb,
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zKGf{, zfv zhwAƒ mndulnmCr zfïfrv. nckvfQ zfïfrv nsÌ
zfv jf…sj
zfrhfb jsvf bf. (jc} 72/18)
Jckhflfsb dhdHâ …it[A nfmsb vfJshb JkDh. smZnm zbcifsk Jckhfv dhNqh²Â
idvhkGb jvshb. hfsvf y]fslv Jckhfv mk h]fLf-Lvf Jckhf ifE jsvƒ lfq nfvf jsv
jkGhA iftb jvshb bf.
nåfrfs§À ˆjhfv ˆƒ hÙÁxkf ˆjde nchBG ncspfo äDsbv zfrhfqsjv ubA. spsrkc ˆƒ
dlsb bfmfpD-shbfmfpD, zfmDv-ovDh, mcdmb-mcbfdIj ˆhQ zsbj nmq mcndtm bfmLfvD
bfd²ÀjW sjfb öfsKGv Jfdksv …id²¿k rsq Kfsj. nckvfQ ˆƒ ncspfsov näAhrfv jsv
njstv jfsY zfïfrv dhLfb si]ZsY slWqf JkDshv jkGhA.
Jckhfq rfk kcst lczf dhsLq bq. (zfbf} 72ix}) hvQ ˆƒ nmq sjht kuGbDv ƒwfvfq
lczf jvf dhsLq. JkDhsj rfk kcst lczf jvsk slsJ hù ntI hÜczf jvskb.
dhwXv dhb mfvWqfbsj Jckhfq rfk kcst lczf jvsk slsJ …mfvfr dhb v¢qfƒhfr
htstb, `‰ rfk lcdesj zfïfr dhjxk jv¢b.' (mc} 874, zflf} 1104bQ)
mfnv¢j hstb, `(ucmzfv dlb ƒmfm-mcÙÁflD dmst pfvf rfk kcst lczf jsv) zfïfr
kfslv rfk sjse dbb.' (ƒzfwf} 5491 W 5493 bQ)
dhsLq bq mcÙÁflDslv rfk kcst lczf. (zfbf} 73ix}) hvQ ƒmfm Jckhfq (rfk bf kcst)
lczf jvst, mcÙÁflD rfk bf kcstƒ ˆjfjD dbm´ösv hf ycsi-ycsi `zfmDb' htsh. (Iƒ}
1/427, 428)
r]Af, Jckhfq hxdó iafKGbf hf hxdó há jvfv ubA lczf jvfv nmq ƒmfm-mcÙÁflD njst
rfk kcst ƒmfm lczf jvshb ˆhQ mcÙÁflDvf `zfmDb-zfmDb' htsh. (hc} 932, 933,
1013, 1029, mc} 897bQ)
sjfb uv¢vD jfvsB Jckhf kAfo jsv iasqfub snsv icbvfq Jckhf iCBG jvf JkDshv
ubA ShL. ˆjlf mrfbhD  Jckhf dld¤Ystb. ˆmb nmq rpvk rfnfb W ùnfƒb 
isV-…sE k]fv nfmsb zfnsk tfost dkdb dmìv sKsj dbsy sbsm k]fslvsj …isv kcst
dbstb. zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªzfïfr kfzftf nkAƒ hstsYb,
E "  ?
S
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و 
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(zKGf{, skfmfslv Lb-n©il W n§Àfb-n§Àdk skfmfslv ubA dIkbfƒ skf.) zfdm
ˆslvsj isV-…sE yst zfnsk slsJ SLpG vfJsk ifvtfm bf. hvQ Jckhf há jsv
ˆslvsj kcst dbtfm.« (zf}, nczf})
rpvk zfhC dvIfzfr zflfhD
hstb, ˆjlf zfdm mndusl ˆsn slJtfm bhD 
Jckhf dls¤Yb. zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! ˆjub zidvdyk dhslwD mfbcN; pfv
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256

äDb n©isjG sjfb Îfbƒ sbƒ. ˆ[sB sn Îfb tfH jvsk yfq.' dkdb Jckhf sYsV dlsq
zfmfv iadk zdHmcJ jvstb. ˆmbdj dkdb zfmfv dbje ˆsn ˆjde jfsEv syqfv
zfbsk htstb pfv ifqf dYt stfrfv. dkdb kfvƒ …iv hsn zfmfsj äDsbv jKf
htstb. zk}iv dmìsv ˆsn Jckhf iCBG jvstb. (mc} 876bQ, bf})
iajfw Kfsj sp, uv¢vD msb jsv dbqdmkHfsh
KKK9T€4‫
و‬5‫ˆ >ن
א‬hQ
KKKS1X
5‫وא
א‬1‫ אذ‬zfqfk ifE jsv Jckhf swN jvf dhlzfk. (zfbf} 73ix})

u
umcm
c z
zffqq …
…iidd²
²k¿k
¿ hhAAddÙ
ÙÁÁvv j
jkkh
Gh
G AA
bfmfpDv ubA pKfn©Hh ƒmfsmv dbjehkGD rWqfv syóf jvf jkGhA. mrfbhD 
hstb, ªskfmvf zfïfrv dpjsv …id²¿k rW ˆhQ ƒmfsmv dbjehkGD rW. zfv stfsj
lCv rsk Kfjst shsrñ iashswW slvD rsh kfv; pdlW sn shsrsñ iashw jvsh.«
(zflf} 1108bQ)
ucmzfv dlb bfmfpD mndusl ˆsn spJfsb ufqof ifsh snJfsb hsn pfsh. slvD jsv
ˆsn (nfmsbv jfkfsv I]fj KfjstW) jfkfv dysv nfmsb pfWqf ˆhQ kfsk zbAfbA
bfmfpDslvsj jó slWqf ShL bq.
rpvk zfècïfr dhb hcnXv
jkxj G hdBGk, dkdb hstb, sjfb ˆj ucmzfv dlsb ˆj
hAdÙÁ stfsjslv jfkfv dysv (mnduslv dHkv) ˆt. sn nmq bhD  Jckhf dld¤Ystb.
kfsj slsJ bhD  htstb, ªhsn pfW, kcdm shw jó dlsqY ˆhQ slvD jsvW ˆsnY.«
(zf}, zflf}, ƒJc}, ƒdr}, nkf} 713 bQ)
Jckhf ytfjfst mndusl …id²¿k hAdÙÁv ubA bfmfp dbdNÝ. dj§Â ˆƒ nmsq sj…
mndusl iashw jvst kfv ubA rfîf jsv 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVf dhsLq. spmb jf…sj
bfmfp bf isV hnsk slJst JkDshv …dyk kfsj ‰ bfmfp iVsk zfslw jvf. Jckhf
swfbf Wqfsuh rstW ˆ bfmfspv Èv¢k¶ dlsqsYb sJfl mrfbhD . ˆjlf Jckhf
ytfjfst ˆj hAdÙÁ mndusl iashw jsv hsn iVst dkdb kfsj htstb, ªkcdm bfmfp
isVY dj?« stfjef htt, bf. dkdb htstb, ªWE ˆhQ rfîf jsv 2 vfjzfk isV
bfW.« (hc} 930, mc}, zflf} 1115-1116, dk} 510bQ) zk}iv dkdb njstv ubA dyv²¿fqD
ˆjde dhLfb slWqfv …sÜswA stfsjslvsj nsìfLb jsv htstb, ªskfmfslv sj…
pJb ƒmfsmv Jckhf slWqf jftDb nmsq …id²¿k rq, sn spb (nQs[si) 2 vfjzfk
bfmfp isV sbq.« (hc}, 1170, mc} 875, zflf} 1117bQ)
ˆjlf rpvk zfhC nf„l JclvD
mndul iashw jvstb. kJb mfvWqfb Jckhf
dld¤Ystb. dkdb bfmfp iVsk ðv¢ jvst iarvDvf k]fsj hnsk zfslw jvt. dj§Â dkdb
kfslv jKf bf ðsbƒ bfmfp swN jvstb. bfmfp swsN stfsjvf kfsj htt, zfïfr
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257

zfibfsj vrm jv¢b. ˆ[db Wvf sp zfibfv zimfb jvk. …Ùsv dkdb htstb,
zfdm sn bfmfp YfVh sjb, sp bfmfp iVsk bhD -sj zfslw jvsk slsJdY. (dk}
511bQ)
htf hfùtA, Jckhf ðv¢ rst tft hfdk su¶st slWqf, zKhf jf…sj ‰ 2 vfjzfk
bfmfp iVsk slsJ syfJ tft jvf, zKhf kfv ufmf Lsv efb slWqf, zKhf sJfl JkDh
nfsrshv mfbf jvf ncâfr-dhsvfLD kKf dhlzfk jfu.
ucmzfv zfpfsbv nmq mndusl ˆst l]fdVsq sKsj zfpfsbv …Ùv bf dlsq,
kfdrqAfkct mfndul isV Jckhf swfbfv ubA hsn pfWqf hfÒbDq. (Iƒ} 1/335, 349)
iajfw Kfsj sp, zfpfsbv …Ùv slWqf mc²Àfrfh. (kfdm} 340ix}) zfv Jckhf swfbf
Wqfsuh. nckvfQ zfpfsbv nmq ifv jsv Jckhf ðv¢ rst bfmfp iVf ShL bq.
i[f§Àsv kfdrqAfkct mfndul Wqfsuh bf rstW ‰ nmq mrfbhD -ˆv mrf zfslw
iftb jvf uv¢vD.
ƒmfsmv dlsj syrfvf jsv hnf mc²Àfrfh. rpvk zfècïfr dhb mfn†l
hstb,
`zfïfrv vnCt  pJb dmìsv yVskb, kJb zfmvf zfmfslv syrfvf k]fv dlsj dIdvsq
hnkfm.` (dk} 509bQ)
idvLfsb tcdÌ hf tcdÌufkDq ˆj jfiV isv Jckhf ytfjfst hnfv nmq …Hq r]fecsj
JfVf jsv vfsbv nfsK tfdosq …Hq if-sj lcƒ rfk äfvf udVsq Lsv zKhf jfiV äfvf
sh]sL hnf ShL bq. (zflf} 1110, dk} 514bQ) jfvB, ˆsk wvmofr iajfw ifWqfv, yeX
jsv Ocm yst zfnfv ˆhQ kfsk isV pfWqfv zfwËf Kfsj kfƒ.
Jckhf swfbf Wqfsuh. zfv ˆ nmq njt iajfv jKfhfkGf, nftfm W nftfsmv …Ùv,
r]fdyv rfmXslv uhfh, ˆmbdj zfidÙjv jfsu hfLf slWqfW dbdNÝ.
rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf
rsk hdBGk, bhD  hstb, ªucmzfv dlb ƒmfsmv Jckhf lfbjfst
jKf htst kcdm zbKG jmG jvst ˆhQ (ucmzfr) hfdkt jvst.« (ƒJc}, nkf} 716 bQ)
…ÙÁ rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf
jkxj G hdBGk, bhD  hstb, ªucmzfv dlb ƒmfsmv
Jckhf slWqfv nmq pdl kcdm skfmfv (jKf htsY ˆmb) nÌDsj `yci jv' ht kfrst
kcdmW znfv jmG jvsh.« (hc} 934, mc} 851bQ, nczf}, ƒJc})
`znfv hf zbKGj jmG jvsh' ˆv ˆjfdLj hAfJAf jvf rsqsY; spmb, kcdm ucmzfv
nWqfh sKsj hdÑk rsh. zKhf skfmfvW jKf htf rsh. zKhf kcdmW Hct jvsh.
zKhf skfmfv ucmzfr hfdkt rsq pfsh. zKhf skfmfv ucmzfr spfrsv idvBk rsq
pfsh -ƒkAfdl. ksh dhswNÎ …tfmfslv dbje swsNfÙÁ hAfJAfƒ dbHGvspfoA. jfvB,
ˆv™i hAfJAf dbs©bfÙÁ rflDsn hdBGk rsqsY.
zfècïfr dhb zfmXv dhb zfn
jkxj G hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
ucmzfv dlb sofnt jvt, kfv ²ÃDv ncodá (zfkv) Kfjst kf hAhrfv jvt, …Ùm
sthfn idvLfb jvt, zk}iv (mndusl ˆsn) stfsjslv jfkfv dysv (zfso zdkÛÁm)
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258

jvt bf ˆhQ ƒmfsmv …islw lfbjfst sjfb hfsu jmG jvt bf, sn hAdÙÁv ubA kf
…Hq ucmzfv mLAhkDG jxk ifsiv jfIXIfvf rsq pfsh. zfv sp hAdÙÁ zbKGj jmG jvt
ˆhQ stfsjslv jfkfv dysv nfmsb zdkÛÁm jvt sn hAdÙÁv ucmzfr spfrsv idvBk
rsq pfsh.« (zflf}, ƒJc}, nkf} 720bQ)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªucmzfv dlb 3 swaBDv mfbcN (mndusl) …id²¿k rq. iaKm swaBDv
mfbcN …id²¿k rsq hfsu jKf hst; kfv snefƒ rt iafiA. däkDq swaBDv mfbcN …id²¿k
rsq lczf jsv; zfv sn ˆmb stfj, sp zfïfrv jfsY lczf jsv, zfïfr kfv lczf jhct
jsvb zKhf bf jsvb. zfv kxkDq swaBDv mfbcN …id²¿k rsq yci W dbhGfj Kfsj, sjfb
mcndtsmv j]fL dFdMsq (jfkfv dysv) zfso pfq bf ˆhQ jf…sj sjfb iajfv jó slq bf.
ˆƒ swaBDv mfbcsNv ubA kfv ‰ jfsuv Ist kfv ‰ ucmzfr sKsj zfofmD ucmzfr
ipG§À hvQ zdkdvÙÁ 3 dlsb (zKGf{, 10 dlsb) jxk sofbfrv jfIXIfvf rsh. sjbbf
zfïfr zfpXpf zufïX hstb, E
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1m/+
9/?
"./*$
\/`
3/4F (zKGf{, sp hAdÙÁ
ˆjde nWqfshv jfu jvsh, sn kfv 10 ÈB nWqfh tfH jvsh.)« (zf}, zflf}
1113bQ)
zftjfmfr dhb zfècïfrv nfsK k]fv ˆj nfKD Jckhf ytfjfst jKf htdYt. dkdb
kfsj yci jvsk htstb. bfmfspv iv ƒhsb …mfv
-ˆv jfsY ˆ jKf …sïJ jvf
rst dkdb htstb, `skfmfv skf ucmzfrƒ rqdb. zfv skfmfv nfKD rt ˆjef ofLf.'
(ƒzfwf} 5303bQ)
iajfw Kfsj sp, ƒmfm dmìsvv …iv hsn Kfjf zh²¿fq, zKGf{ Jckhf há Kfjf zh²¿fq
jKf htf zShL bq. (dInc} …lcG 173ix}) spmb ƒmfsmv Jckhf ðv¢ bf jvf ipG§À
(iasqfubDq) jKfhfkGf (ˆmbdj zfpfsbv nmqW) htf ShL. Nf'tfhfr dhb zfhD mfstj
jcvfpD hstb, rpvk …mfv W …nmfsbv pcso ƒmfm shv rst zfmvf bfmfp kAfo jvkfm
ˆhQ ƒmfm Jckhf ðv¢ jvst zfmvf jKf htf kAfo jvkfm. (ƒzfwf}, kfdm} 340ix})
Jckhf ytf zh²¿fq sj… mndul ˆst mndusl iashw jvfv zfso vf²Àfq Jckhf ðbsk
sist vf²ÀfskW jfsvf nsÌ jKf htfW ShL bq.
ShL bq Jckhf ytf zh²¿fq rfsk sjfb djYc dbsq Iftkc sJtf jvf. spmb dmnWqfj
jvf, knhDr-mftf (?) dbsq sJtf jvf, mnduslv smsU, j]fjv hf jcsef ±iwG jsv sJtf
jvf ƒkAfdl. mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ nc¦lvHfsh Wpc jsv ucmzfv …sÜswA
(mndusl) …id²¿k rq. zk}iv msbfspfo nrjfsv (Jckhfr) wahB jsv W bDvh Kfsj
snƒ hAdÙÁv ‰ ucmzfr sKsj dl¶kDq ucmzfrv mLAhkDGjfst nQOdek ˆhQ zdkdvÙÁ
dkb dlsbv ifi mfI jsv slWqf rq. zfv sp hAdÙÁ (Jckhf ytfjfst) j]fjv ±iwG jsv
sn znfv (Hct) jfu jsv.« (mc} 857 bQ, zflf} 1050, dk}, ƒmf})
Jckhf ytfjfst k¦ûf (Tct) ˆst ufqof idvhkGb jsv hnf dhsLq. ˆsk k¦ûf
lCvDHCk rsq pfq. mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv sj… mndusl hsn Tctst sn spb kfv
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259

hnfv ufqof idvhkGb jsv zbA ufqofq hsn.« (zflf} 1119 bQ, dk}, nuf} 809bQ)
jf…sj kfv ufqof sKsj …dEsq snJfsb hnf, sj… sjfb jfvsB ufqof sYsV …sE
sost ˆhQ sn dIsv zfnsh LfvBf rWqf nsÙ¶W kfv snƒ ufqofq hnf ShL bq. mrfbhD
 hstb, ªpJb skfmfslv sj… dbu ufqof sYsV …sE pfq ˆhQ iv[sB sn dIsv
zfsn, kfrst snƒ ‰ ufqofv zdLj rjlfv.« (zf}, mc})
rpvk ƒhsb …mfv
sj… kfv ufqof sYsV …sE sost sn ufqofq hnskb bf.
(zf}, mc})
dj§Â Jckhf ðbsk ðbsk Ocm ˆst (jKf bf hst) ƒdÌsk ifswv nfKDv nfsK ufqof
hlt jvf …Ùm. spsrkc mrfbhD  hstb, ªpJb skfmfslv sj… ucmzfv dlb Tctsk
ðv¢ jsv, kJb kfv …dyk kfv nÌDv ufqofq dosq hnf ˆhQ kfv nÌDv …dyk kfv ‰
ufqofq hnf.« (hf}, nuf} 812bQ)
ÎfkhA sp, ƒmfsmv jstmf zKhf lv™l iVfv nfsK nfsK mcnïDslv nmösv nwsè kf
iVf dhlzfk. (mck¶fnf} 265ix})
iajfw Kfsj sp, dhswN jsv ucmzfr hf „slv bfmfsp zkA§À dH]sVv Ist pdl
dnulfr jvfv ufqof bf ifWqf pfq, kfrstW ufmfzfsk bfmfp iVsk rsh. zfv ˆƒ
zh²¿fq nfmsbv bfmfpDv disE dnulf jvsk rsh. ƒhsb …mfv
hstb, `bhD 
zfmfslv jfsY dnulfv nCvf iVskb. zk}iv dnulfq ufqofq dkdb dnulfr jvskb
ˆhQ zfmvfW dnulfr jvkfm. ˆmbdj dH]sVv Ist zfmfslv sj… dnulfr jvfv mk
ufqof bf sist zisvv (disEv) …isv dnulfr jvkfm.' (hc} 1076bQ)
rpvk …mfv hstb, disEv …iv …iv dnulfr jvsk rsh. ˆƒ mk oarB jsvsYb
jcIfhfnDoB, ƒmfm zfrmfl ˆhQ ƒnrfj. i[f§Àsv zfk¶f W pcrvD hstb, nfmsbv
stfsjv …Ef ipG§À zsi[f jsv sn …sE sost kfviv dnulfr jvsh. zfv ˆmk oarB
jsvsYb ƒmfm mfstj W zdLjfQw …tfmfoB. (dj§Â ˆv Ist ƒmfsmv dhsvfdLkf rsh.)
ƒmfm hcJfvDv dtJfv HdÌsk hcUf pfq sp, dkdb msb jsvb, ˆƒ zh²¿fq bfmfpD dbu
nfmKGA zbcpfqD dnulfr jvsh. ˆmbdj dbu Hfsqv disE dnulfr jvsk rst kfW
jvsh. (Ihf} 2/652)
zhwA (mfndulct rfvfmfƒsb) nfmsb mdrtf iVst dnulfr bf jsv ˆjec U]csj hf
ƒwfvfq bfmfp zflfq jvsh.

²
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HffNNffqq JJck
ckhhff
ucmzfv umfsqk mcndtmslv ˆjde iadw[B s[Û. nfåfdrj ˆƒ iadw[sB mcndtsmv
dhn¹xk jKf ±mvB rq, ytfv isK zájfsv zfstfv dlwf ifq, nc¦lv ydvÛ W hAhrfv
oVsk nrfqkf ifq, „mfb bhfqb rq, r™lq bvm rq, mxkcA W ivjfstv ±mvB rq,
kWhf jvsk zbciafdBk rq, Hfstf jfu jvsk ˆhQ Jfvfi jfu huGb jvsk …{nfr
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260

ifq, ƒkAfdl.
kfƒ Jckhfv HCdmjf zfvhDsk rWqfv iv ²¿fbDq HfNfq hfjD Jckhf ifE ShL. spsrkc
Jckhfv zfnt …sÜwA rt ubnfLfvBsj wvDqskv dw[f W …islw lfb jvf. zfv kf
zfvhDsk rst …sÜwA dhIt rq. nckvfQ sp Jckhf zfvhDsk rk kfvƒ HfhfKG ²¿fbDq
HfNfq rst mcndtmslvsj nåfrfs§À ˆjhfv …islw W iKdbslGwbf lfb jvfv mk
mrfb …sÜwA nfdLk rq. i[f§Àsv Jckhf bfmfspv mk bq. bfmfsp zbA HfNf htst
bfmfp hfdkt. dj§Â Jckhf kf bq. spmb Jckhf sYsV zbA jKf htf pfq, bfmfsp kf pfq
bf. ƒkAfdl. (û} Iƒ} 1/422-423, mh} 15/84)
i[f§Àsv Jckhfv zfso ²¿fbDq HfNfq Jckhf slWqf dhsLq bq. jfvB, …ifq KfjskW Fht
Jckhf rsq pfq kfsk. dFófhG rq bfmfp, sktfzk W dpjXvvk mcnïDslv. (mh} 17/71-72)
…sïJA sp, sjfb ²¿fsbv ufmfzfsk Jckhf slWqfv mk sjfb stfj bf Kfjfv Ist pdl
Jckhf slWqf bf rq, kfrst snƒ ufmfzfskv stfj ucmzfr bf isV spfrv iVsh.
(ƒzfwf} 5269-5276bQ û})
ÎfkhA sp, dpdb Jckhf slshb k]fvƒ bfmfp iVf uv¢vD bq. pdlW ncâk rt JkDshvƒ
ƒmfmdk jvf. (Iƒ} 1/410, 413)

u
umcm
c z
zffvv bbffmmffpp W
Wkkffvv nnâ
câ
c k
kDD ddj
jv¶v
¶ ffz
zffk
k
ucmzfv bfmfp Ivp 2 vfjzfk. ˆsk dj¶vfzfk rsh survD. ˆ bfmfsp nCvf
Ifdkrfv iv sp sjfb nCvf hf zfqfk pKfdbqsm iVf pfq. khcW ncâk rt, iaKm
vfjzfsk nCvf ucmzfr (n©iCBG) ˆhQ däkDq vfjzfsk nCvf mcbfdIjCb (n©iCBG) ifE
jvf. (zf}, mc}, zflf}, dk}, ƒmf}) zKhf iaKm vfjzfsk nCvf ucmzfr (n©iCBG) ˆhQ däkDq
vfjzfsk nCvf ofdwqfr ifE jvf. (zf}, mc}, zflf}, dk}, ƒmf}) zKhf iaKm vfjzfsk nCvf
zf'tf ˆhQ däkDq vfjzfsk nCvf ofdwqfr ifE jvf. (zf}, mc}, zflf}, dk}, ƒmf})

u
umcm
c z
zffvv vvffj
jzzffk
k YYsc sc ee ssoosst
t
jfsvf ucmzfv ˆj vfjzfk Ycse sost hfjD zfv ˆj vfjzfk ƒmfsmv nftfm dIvfv
iv …sE isV dbst kfv ucmzfr rsq pfsh. zbcv™i sj… däkDq vfjzfskv v¢jC
sistW ‰ vfjzfk ˆhQ kfv nfsK zfv ˆj vfjzfk iVst kfvW ucmzfr rsq pfsh.
dj§Â pdl sj… däkDq vfjzfskv v¢jC sKsj ƒmfsmv mfKf skftfv iv ufmfzfsk wfdmt
rq, kfrst sn ucmzfv bfmfp ifsh bf. ˆƒ zh²¿fq kfsj spfrsvv 4 vfjzfk
zflfsqv dbqsk ufmfzfsk wfdmt rsq ƒmfsmv nftfm dIvfv iv 4 vfjzfk Ivp
iVsk rsh. (Iƒ} 1/418, 421) spmb ufmfzfk Ycse sost ucmzfW Ycse pfsh. ˆ
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261

s[sÛW ˆjfjD spfrv iVsk rsh. jfvB ufmfzfk YfVf ucmzfr rq bf.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ucmzfv ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp ifq, sn spb ziv ˆj
vfjzfk isV sbq.« (ƒmf}, rf}, ƒo} 622, nuf} 5991bQ)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp ifq, sn bfmfp sisq pfq.« (hc}
579, mc} 607, dk} 524bQ)
ˆv dhivDk zKG ˆƒ l]fVfq sp, ªsp hAdÙÁ ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp ifq bf, sn bfmfp ifq
bf.« ˆ ubAƒ ƒmfm dkvdmpD …ÙÁ rflDsnv eDjfq hstsYb, `ˆ rflDnde rfnfb nrDr.
bhD -ˆv zdLjfQw nfrfhf W zbAfbA zfrst ƒtmoB ˆ rflDsnv …iv zfmt
jsvsYb. k]fvf hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ucmzfv ˆj vfjzfk sisq pfq, sn hAdÙÁ spb zfv
ˆj vfjzfk isV sbq. dj§Â sp (däkDq vfjzfskv kfwfrùslv) ShEj zh²¿fq
ufmfzfk ifq, sn spb spfrsvv 4 vfjzfk isV sbq.« ˆ mk oarB jsvsYb ncIXqAfb
nWvD, ƒhbct mchfvj, wfsIqD, zfrmfl ˆhQ ƒnrfj (v}).'
ƒhsb mfn†l
hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ucmzfv ˆj vfjzfk sisq pfq, sn hAdÙÁ spb
zfv ˆj vfjzfk isV sbq. dj§Â sp (däkDq vfjzfskv) v¢jC bf ifq, sn spb
spfrsvv 4 vfjzfk isV sbq.« (ƒzfwf}, k¶fh}, hf}, ƒo} 621bQ)
ƒhsb …mfv
hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ucmzfv ˆj vfjzfk sisq pfq, sn hAdÙÁ spb zfv
ˆj vfjzfk isV sbq. dj§Â sp (däkDq vfjzfskv) kfwfrùl ifq, sn spb spfrsvv
4 vfjzfk isV sbq.« (hf}, ƒo} 621)
sjfb sjfb hBGbfq kfwfrùl sist bfmfp sisq pfWqfv jKf htf rsqsY. zfv kfv
mfsb rt ufmfzfskv nWqfh sisq pfWqf. (ƒo} 3/82)
iajfw Kfsj sp, ucmzfv Jckhf bf ðbstW; hvQ 1 vfjzfk bfmfp bf sistW
ucmzfr rsq pfsh. spmb, ucmzfv Jckhf dlst zKhf ðbstW pdl bfmfspv 1
vfjzfkW bf ifq, kfrst kfsj spfrvƒ iVsk rsh. (Iƒ} 1/410)
…sïJA sp, ucmzfv bfmfp iVsk iVsk pdl jfsvf WpC bó rsq pfq ˆhQ WpC jsv
dIsv ˆsn pdl däkDq vfjzfskv v¢jC sisq pfq, kfrst sn zfv ˆj vfjzfk isV
sbsh. bsy{ dnulf hf kfwfrùl sist spfrsvv dbqsk wfdmt rsq 4 vfjzfk iVsh.
klbcv™i ufmfzfk Ycse sostW spfrv iVsh.
zbcv™i sjfb ƒmfm nfsrh pdl dhbf WpCsk ucmzfr idVsq bfmfspv swsN msb rq,
kfrst mcÙÁflDslv bfmfp nrDr rsq pfsh. zfv ƒmfm ‰ bfmfp jfpf jvsk 4 vfjzfk
spfrv iVshb. (zft-mc§Àfjf dmb IfkfWqft IfWpfb 3/68)

u
umcm
c z
zffvv z
zffssoo W
Wiissvv nnâ
c câk
k
ucmzfv Jckhfv iCshG `jfhtft ucmzfr' hst sjfb dbdlGó vfjzfk ncâk sbƒ.
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262

zkˆh bfmfpD mndusl ˆst `kfdrqAfkct mfndul' 2 vfjzfk ncâk isV hsn spsk
ifsv ˆhQ lczf, lv™l knhDr-dpjXv hf sktfzk jvsk ifsv. zfhfv ƒ¤Yf rst
bfmfpW iVsk ifsv. ksh ˆ bfmfp rsh bIt ˆhQ zdbdlGó nQJAfq.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ucmzfv dlb pKf dbqsm sofnt jsv, l]fk idv°jfv jsv,
sJfwhC Kfjst kf hAhrfv jsv, kfv nhsysq nc¦lv sifwfj isv, zk}iv (mndusl)
pfq, bfmfpDslv OfV dFdMsq (jfkfv dysv) zfso pfq bf, zk}iv zfïfrv ƒ¤YfbcpfqD
bfmfp isV. kfviv ƒmfm …id²¿k rst bDvh W dbÇyci Kfsj ˆhQ bfmfp swN bf rWqf
ipG§À sjfb jKf hst bf, sn hAdÙÁv ˆ jfu ˆƒ ucmzfr sKsj ziv ucmzfv
mLAhkGDjfst jxk ifsiv jfIXIfvf rsq pfq.« (zf}, ƒmf}, rf}, nuf} 6066bQ)
iajfw Kfsj sp, ªiaskAj zfpfb W
ƒjfmskv mfsU bfmfp zfsY.« (hc}, mc}, dm}
662bQ) ˆƒ rflDn äfvf jfhtft ucmzfv ncâk iamfB rq bf. jfvB, dhdlk sp, ucmzfv
zfpfb W ƒjfmskv mfsU Kfsj Jckhf. zfv mrfbhD -ˆv pcso iCshGv zfv ˆjde
zfpfb dYt bf. zfv ncâk iamfB rstW mczfÄflfr W dbdlGó nQJAj bq.
klbcv™i ªˆmb sjfb Ivp bfmfp sbƒ, pfv iCshG 2 vfjzfk bfmfp sbƒ.« (ƒdr},
k¶fh}, dnn} 232, nuf} 5730bQ) ˆ rflDn äfvfW ucmzfv iCshG 2 vfjzfk ncâk iamfB rq
bf. jfvB, ucmzfv Ivp bfmfspv iCshG Jckhf rq. zfv Jckhfv iCshG 2 vfjzfk bfmfp
ˆ äfvf iamfdBk rq bf. (û} dnn} 232bQ)
nkjGkfv dhNq sp, ƒmfsmv Jckhf ytfjfst sj… mndusl …id²¿k rst kfsj snƒ
zh²¿fq rfîf jsv sp 2 vfjzfk iVsk rq, kf ncâfsk mczfÄflfr bq; hvQ kf rt
kfdrqAfkct mfndul.

ucmzfv isv hf hf'lft hf lft ucmzfv 4 zKhf 2 vfjzfk ncâk }

ucmzfv iv mndusl ncâk iVst ˆjec nsv dosq hf jfsvf nfsK sjfb jKf htfv isv
4 vfjzfk bfmfp ncâfsk mczfÄflfr iVsk rq. mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA
sp hAdÙÁ ucmzfv iv bfmfp isV, sn spb 4 vfjzfk isV.« (zflf}, dk}, nuf} 6499bQ)
ªskfmfslv msLA sp hAdÙÁ ucmzfv bfmfp isV sn spb kfv iv 4 vfjzfk bfmfp
isV.« (zf}, mc}, bf}, nuf} 640bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA sp hAdÙÁ ucmzfr isV, sn spb kfv iv sjfb jKf bf
htf zKhf shv rsq bf pfWqf ipG§À sjfb bfmfp bf isV.« (k¶fh},dnn} 1329bQ)
rpvk ƒhsb …mfv
jkGj x hdBGk, mrfbhD  ucmzfv bfmfp isV hfnfq dIsv 2
vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. (hc} 937bQ, mc}, nczf})
zhwA pdl sj… mndusl 2 vfjzfk isV kfW ShL. iv§Â pdl sj… 2 zKhf 4
vfjzfk hfnfq isV kfrst snefƒ …Ùm. jfvB, mrfbhD  hstb, ª Ivp bfmfp YfVf
mfbcsNv swaôkm bfmfp rt kfv öoxsr iVf bfmfp.« (bf}, ƒJc}, nkf} 437bQ, kfdm} 341-342ix})
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263

iajfw Kfsj sp, ucmzfv isv spfrsvv dbqsk 4 vfjzfk ˆrdkqfkD spfrv iVf
dhlzfk. (zfbf} 74ix}, mcdh} 120, 327ix}) spmb dhlzfk vmpfsbv swN ucmzfsj
ucmzfkct dhlf bfm dlsq sjfb Jfn mndusl ‰ ucmzfr iVsk pfWqf.

u
umcm
c z
zffvv ddllssbbvv I
IppDDt
tkkW
W SShhddw
wóóAA
1. ucmzfr zKGf{ umfsqk hf nmfshw W ns©mtsbv dlb. ˆde mcndtmslv nfåfdrj
„l W dhswN ƒhflskv dlb. mrfbhD  hstb, ªˆƒ dlb rt „slv dlb. zfïfr
mcndtmslv ubA kf dbhGfdyk jsvsYb. zkˆh sp ucmzfq zfsn, sn spb sofnt jsv
ˆhQ sJfwhC Kfjst kf hAhrfv jsv. zfv skfmvf l]fkb jvfq zHAfnD rW.« (ƒmf}
1098bQ)
2. ucmzfv dlb nhfv yfƒsk swaô dlb. ˆmbdj „lct dIkXv W zfprf sKsjW swaô.
3. ˆƒ dlsb zflmsj nxdó jvf rsqsY ˆhQ shsrñX lfb jvf rsqsY.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªpfv …iv nCpG …dlk rsqsY kfv msLA nhGswaô dlb rt ucmzfv
dlb. ˆƒ dlsb zflmsj nxdó jvf rsqsY, ˆƒ dlsb k]fsj shsrsñ ²¿fb slWqf rsqsY
ˆhQ ˆƒ dlsbƒ k]fsj shv jsv slWqf rsqsY shsrñX sKsj. (ˆƒ dlsbƒ k]fv kWhf
jhct jvf rsqsY, k]fv mxkAc rsqsY ˆƒ dlsbƒ.zfv djqfmk nQOdek rsh ˆƒ dlsbƒ.«
(mc}, mf}, zf}, zflf}, dk}, bf}, rf}, ƒdr}, nuf} 3334bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªucmzfv dlb njt dlsbv nlGfv ˆhQ zfïfrv dbje nhfv sysq mrfb dlb.
ˆmbdj ˆ dlbde zfïfrv dbje zfprf W dIksvv dlb sKsjW swaô. ˆƒ dlsb vsqsY 5de
dhswN ShdwóA; ˆƒ dlsb zfïfr zflmsj nxdó jsvsYb, ˆƒ dlsb k]fsj ixdKhDsk zhkfvB
jsvsYb, ˆƒ dlsb k]fv ƒd§Àjft rsqsY, ˆƒ dlsb ˆmb ˆjde mcrCkG zfsY, pdl sjfb mcndtm
hf¦lf sn mcrCskG zfïfrv dbje sjfb djYc ShL dudbn iafKGbf jsv, kfrst zfïfr kfsj kf
dlsq Kfsjb. ˆƒ dlsb djqfmk nQOdek rsh. zfv iaskAj SbjeAiafå dIdvñf, zfjfw,
ixdKhD, hfkfn, ihGk, nmcû ˆƒ dlbsj Hq jsv.« (ƒmf} 1084bQ)
4. ˆƒ dlsb mrfb zfïfr ufâfsk iaskAj nåfsr shsrñD hf¦lfoBsj lwGb slshb.
rpvk zfbfn
E
)/r4
")/‫و‬F ˆv hAfJAfq hstb, `mrfb zfïfr shsrñDslv ubA
iaskAj ucmzfv dlb suAfdk°mfb rshb.' ˆƒ dlsbv zfnmfbD dIdvñfhsoGv dbje bfm
rt, `qAf…mct mfpDl.'
5. ˆƒ dlsb sofbfr mfI rq. rpvk zfhc ùvfƒvf
jkxj G hdBGk, dkdb hstb,
zfïfrv vnCt  hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ nc¦lvHfsh Wpc jsv ucmzfv …sÜswA (mndusl)
…id²¿k rq. zk}iv msbfspfo nrjfsv (Jckhfr) wahB jsv W bDvh Kfsj snƒ hAdÙÁv
‰ ucmzfr sKsj dl¶kDq ucmzfrv mLAhkDGjfst nQOdek ˆhQ zdkdvÙÁ dkb dlsbv
ifi mfI jsv slWqf rq. zfv sp hAdÙÁ (Jckhf ytfjfst) j]fjv ±iwG jsv sn znfv
(Hct) jfu jsv.« (mc} 857 bQ zflf}, dk}, ƒmf})
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264

6. ˆƒ dlsb ˆmb ˆjde nmq zfsY, pfsk lczf jhct rq. mrfbhD  hstb,
ªucmzfv dlsb ˆmb ˆjde (nfmfbA) mcrCkG zfsY, pdl sjfb mcndtm hf¦lf bfmfp iVf
zh²¿fq kf ifq ˆhQ zfïfrv dbje sjfb mÌt iafKGbf jsv, kfrst zfïfr kfsj kf
dlsq Kfsjb.« (hc} 935bQ, mc}, dm} 1357bQ)
ˆƒ mcrCskGv hAfifsv htf rsqsY sp, kf rt ƒmfsmv dmìsv hnf sKsj dbsq bfmfp swN
rWqf ipG§À nmq. (mc}, dm} 1358bQ) zKhf kf rt zfnsvv iv sp sjfb ˆjde nmq.
zhwA ˆ iansÌ zfsvf zbA nmsqv jKfW zsbsj hstsYb. (pfmf} 1/389-390)
7. ˆƒ dlsb lfb-Jqvfk jvfv nWqfh shwD. rpvk jf'h
hstb, `zbAfbA njt
dlb zsi[f ˆƒ dlsb nljfr jvfv nWqfh zdLj.' (pfmf})
8. ucmzfv Iusvv bfmfp ufmfzfk nrjfsv iVfv ixKj ShdwóA zfsY. mrfbhD 
hstb, ªzfïfrv dbjse nh yfƒsk swaô bfmfp rt, ucmzfv dlb ufmfzfk nrjfsv
Iusvv bfmfp.« (dnn} 1566bQ)
9. ˆƒ dlsb hf kfv vfsk sj… mfvf sost jhsvv zfpfh sKsj svrfƒ ifsh. mrfbhD
 hstb, ªsp mcndtm ucmzfv dlb zKhf vfsk mfvf pfq, zfïfr kfsj jhsvv dIkbf
sKsj hf]yfb.« (zf}, dk}, nuf} 5773)

u
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c z
zffvv ddllssbb j
jvvBBDDqq
1. ucmzfv Iusvv iaKm vfjzfsk nCvf nfulfr ˆhQ däkDq
vfjzfsk nCvf lfrv (ƒbnfb) ifE jvf. …Hq nCvf iaKm sKsj swN ipG§À
ifE jvfƒ ncâk. iaskAj nCvfv djYc jsv zQw iVf ncâk bq.
zhwA zbA nCvf iVf slfNfhr bq. hvQ jJsbf jJsbf ‰ lcƒ nCvf bf iVfƒ …dyk.
pfsk nfLfvB mfbcN kf iVf uv¢vD msb bf jsv hsn. hvQ kf uv¢vD msb jsv iVf ˆhQ
jJsbf jJsbf bf YfVf hf sj… kf bf iVst zfidÙ jvf dhlzfk. (mcdh} 281ix})
2. njft njft mndusl pfWqf. zfso zfso mndusl dosq
…id²¿k rWqfv dhswN mfrfk¹A zfsY.
rpvk zfhc ùvfƒvf
jkxj G hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ucmzfv dlb
bfifjDv sofnstv mk sofnt jvt. zk}iv iaKm nmsq (mndusl dosq) …id²¿k
rt, sn spb ˆj …óºD jcvhfbD jvt. sp hAdÙÁ dl¶kDq nmsq …id²¿k rt, sn spb ˆjde
ofHD jcvhfbD jvt. sp hAdÙÁ kxkDq nmsq si]ZYt, sn spb ˆjde dwQ-dhdwó smN
jcvhfbD jvt. sp hAdÙÁ ykcKG nmsq si]ZYt, sn spb ˆjde mcvoD lfb jvt. zfv sp
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265

hAdÙÁ iÑm nmsq si]ZYt, sn spb ˆjde dFm lfb jvt. zk}iv pJb ƒmfm
(Jckhflfsbv ubA) shv rsq pfb (dmìsv ysVb), kJb dIdvñfoB (rfuvD Jfkf ocdesq)
dpjXv (Jckhf) wcbsk …id²¿k rb.« (mf}, hc} 881, mc} 850, zflf}, ƒmf}, bf})
3. ucmzfv ubA ia²Âdköv™i slsrv lcoGá lCv jvf, sn ubA sofnt
jvf, zfkv hAhrfv jvf }
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ucmzfr iVsk zfnsh, sn spb sofnt jsv zfsn.« (hc}, mc})
dkdb hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ucmzfv dlb sofnt jvsh, pKfnfLA idhÛkf zuGb jvsh,
skt hAhrfv jvsh, zKhf dbu idvhfsvv ncodá dbsq hAhrfv jvsh, zk}iv (ucmzfv
ubA) shv rsq (mndusl) lcƒ bfmfpDv mfsU I]fj nxdó jvsh bf (jfkfv dyvsh bf),
zk}iv pkef kfv HfsoA dtJf zfsY kkef bfmfp iVsh, zk}iv ƒmfm Jckhf dlst
yci Kfjsh, sn hAdÙÁv ˆƒ ucmzfr sKsj zfofmD ucmzfr ipG§À jxk ifi mfI rsq
pfsh.« (hc}, dm} 1381bQ)
sofnt jvf Wqfsuh bf rstW „l, ucmzfr W ufmfzfskv ubA idv¤Yâkf zhtìb
jvf ˆjde iaLfb jkGhA. (1) sjfb sjfb hBGbfq, ªsLZk jvfq W jsv« hf ªsofnt
jvfq W jsv« wè ˆsnsY. pfsk sofnt sp kfjDliafå zfmt kf ±ió rq. zhwA ˆv
zsKG zsbsj hstb, ‰ dlb ²ÃD-nrhfn jsv dbsu sofnt jsv ˆhQ ²ÃDsjW sofnt
jvfq. zKhf mfKf W slr sLZk jsv idviCBG idv¤Yâkf zuGb jsv. pfvf jsv kfslv
ubA vsqsY …ÙÁv™i icvõfv.
4. l]fk W mcJ idv°jfv jvf }
l]fkb hf hafw jsv l]fk W mcsJv lcoGá lCvDHCk jsv sbWqf ucmzfv iCshG ˆjde jvBDq
jkGhA. mrfbhD  hstb, ªiaskAj nfhftsjv ubA ucmzfv dlb sofnt jvf,
dmnWqfj jvf ˆhQ pKfnfLA ncodá hAhrfv jvf jkGhA.« (mc} 846bQ)
5. nc¦lv sifwfj ivf }
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ucmzfv dlb sofnt jsv, sJfwhC Kfjst kf hAhrfv jsv
ˆhQ kfv nhsysq nc¦lv sifwfjde idvLfb jsv, zk}iv d²¿vkfv nfsK mndusl zfsn,
zk}iv ƒ¤Yfmk bfmfp isV ˆhQ jf…sj jó slq bf, zk}iv ƒmfm shv rst bfmfp
swN rWqf ipG§À dbÇyci Kfsj, sn hAdÙÁv ˆ jfu lcƒ ucmzfv mfsU jxk sofbfrv
jfIXIfvf rsq pfq.« (zf}, zflf}, rf}, ƒJc}, dm} 1387bQ)
ucmzfv ubA nfLfvB zfesiZsv sifwfj hf jfsuv jfiV YfVf ixKj skftf sifwfj W
jfiV ivf hfÒbDq. spsrkc ucmzfv dlb mcndtmslv nmfshswv dlb. zfv ˆ dlsb
nfunÏf W ncodá hAhrfv jvf hfÒbDq. pfsk zisvv jfsY sj… OxBfv ifÛ bf rsq

(1) iajfw Kfsj sp, nkAfbcnáfbD djYc …tfmfv dbje ucmzfv dlb sofnt jvf Wqfsuh. slJcb } (kfdm}
120ix} , mcm} 1/163, 5/108) nckvfQ sofnt kAfo bf jvfƒ …dyk.
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266

pfq. zKhf kfv zidv¤Yâkfq sj… jó bf ifq.

ˆjlf Jckhfv mfsU mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA pfslv nfmKGA zfsY kfslv
idvwasmv jfiV YfVf ucmzfv ubA zbA ˆj sufVf jfiV Kfjst dj zncdhLf zfsY?«
(zflf}, ƒmf} 1095-1096bQ)

6. ifsq sr]se mndusl pfWqf.

ˆv ubA mpGflfW zfsY ixKj. zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ucmzfv dlb (mfKf)
sLZk jsv W pKf dbqsm sofnt jsv, njft-njft W zfso-zfso (mndusl pfWqfv
ubA) ia²Âk rq, nWqfv bf rsq ifsq sr]se (mndusl) pfq, ƒmfsmv jfYfjfdY hsn
msbfspfo nrjfsv (sJfkhf) wahB jsv, ˆhQ sjfb znfv dÛÁqf-jtfi jsv bf, sn
hAdÙÁv iaskAj ils[siv dhdbmsq ˆj h{nsvv sbj zfmt W kfv (nfvf hYsvv)
svfpf W bfmfspv nWqfh tfH rq!« (zf}, nczf}, ƒJc}, ƒdr}, rf}, nkf} 687 bQ)
iajfw Kfsj sp, sp hAdÙÁ ofdV jsv ucmzfr iVsk zfsn, kfv ˆ nWqfh tfH rq bf.
htf hfùtA, sp hfnf sKsj 100 jlm ifsq sr]se ufsm mndusl si]ZYsh, kfv zfmt-
bfmfq 100 hYsvv svfpf-bfmfspv nWqfh dtdihÝ jvf rsh; pfsk ˆjde sofbfrW
Kfjsh bf. zfv kf ˆJfsbƒ swN bq. ˆƒHfsh sn iadk mfsn iafq 400 sKsj 500 ˆhQ
iadk hYsv iafq 5200 hYsvv bfmfp-svfpfv nWqfh zuGb jvsh ƒbwfzfïfr. zfv ˆ
rt mcndtm hf¦lfslv iadk mrfb zfïfrv dhswN zbcoar.
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7. nCvf jfrI ifE }
rpvk zfhc nf„l JclvD
rsk hdBGk, bhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ ucmzfv dlb nCvf
jfrXI ifE jvsh kfv ubA lcƒ ucmzfv mLAhkGDjft suAfdkmGq rsh.« (bf}, hf}, rf},
nkf} 735 bQ)
zbA hBGbfq zfsY, ªsp hAdÙÁ ucmzfv dlb nCvf jfrXI ifE jvsh kfv ubA kfv W
jf'hf wvDsIv mLAhkGD suAfdkmGq rsh.« (hf}, ðzfhct „mfb, nuf} 6471bQ)
…sïJA sp, ucmzfv nmq mndusl ˆƒ nCvf sktfzk jvst ˆmbHfsh sktfzk
jvsk rsh, pfsk zisvv dFófhG bf rq.
ÎfkhA sp, ˆ dlsb nCvf lcJfb iVfv rflDn nrDr bq. (puf} 5767, 5768bQ) spmb
zfst ƒmvfb nCvf ifE jvfv rflDnde uft. (puf} 5759bQ)
klbcv™i ucmzfv bfmfp isV 7 hfv nCvf Ifdkrf, ƒJtfn, Iftfj, bfn isV zpDIf
jvfv rflDnäsqv 1de uft ˆhQ zivde lchGt rflDn. (puf} 5758, 5764, dnp} 4630bQ)
nckvfQ ˆmb zpDIf ifE dhlzfk. (mcdh} 122, 326ix})
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267

8. shwD shwD lv™l ifE }

ucmzfv vfsk (hxr±idkhfv dlhfok vfsk) W (ucmzfv) dlsb diaqkm rfhDh mrfbhD
-ˆv wfsb zdLjfdLj lv™l ifE jvf jkGhA. mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv nhGswaô
dlb rt, ucmzfv dlb. ˆƒ dlsb skfmvf zfmfv iadk lv™l ifE jv. spsrkc skfmfslv
lv™l zfmfv …iv siw jvf rsq Kfsj. (zflf} 1531bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªucmzfv vfsk W dlsb skfmvf zfmfv …iv shwD shwD lv™l ifE
jv. zfv sp hAdÙÁ zfmfv …iv ˆjhfv lv™l ifE jvsh, sn hAdÙÁv …iv zfïfr 10
hfv vrmk hNGB jvshb.« (hf}, dnn} 1407bQ)

u
umcm
c z
zffvv ddllbb ppff z
zSShhLL

Jfn ucmzfv vfsk bfmfp W dlsb svfpf }
mrfbhD  hstb, ªzbAfbA dlb Kfjsk ucmzfv vfsk dhswN jsv bfmfp isVf bf
ˆhQ ucmzfv dlsb dhswN jsv svfpf svsJf bf. zhwA pdl jfsvf zHAfnok svfpf ‰
dlsb isV kfrst kf ShL.« (mc} 1144bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªskfmfslv sj… spb ucmzfv dlb zhwAƒ svfpf bf vfsJ. ksh
pdl kfv zfsov dlb zKhf kfv isvv dlbW svfpf vfsJ, kfrst kf kfv ubA ShL.« (hc}
1985, mc} 1144bQ)

ucmzfv dlb nIv }
ucmzfv nmq (Jckhfv zfpfb) rsq sost ucmzfr isV bf sbWqf ipG§À (uv¢vD YfVf)
sjfb nIv jvf ShL bq.(pfmf} 1/382) zhwA ucmzfv njfst hf dhjfst nIv zShL bq.

rfvfm jfu jsv ucmzfv ubA nfu-nÏf }
ucmzfv dlb ziasqfubDq yct, bJ iaHdx k nfI jsv idv¤Yâkf zhtìb jvsk rq.
dj§Â pfvf Wqfsuh lfdV sy]sY hf (ˆj mcdEv jm jsv) sY]se snZ¦lpG zfbqb jsv kfvf
sofbfrofv.
nkjGkfv dhNq sp, zsbj zbcnvBDq sbkx²¿fbDq …tfmf dkvdmpD wvDsIv lfdV Y]fefv
rflDnsj ltDtv™si siw jsv lfdV sY]se syrfvf nc¦lv jsv Kfsjb. dj§Â sn rflDn
nrDr W ltDtspfoA bq; hvQ kf uft W oVf rflDn. (û} dnp} 288bQ) nckvfQ nrDr
rflDnHÙÁ zfrst rflDn nfhLfb!

mndusl ˆsn ƒmfsmv zfVfst hf diYb jfkfsv hf diYsbv slWqfst sEn dlsq hnf.
zhwA ˆ swaBDv mfbcN ifsiv jfvsB tdÏk W tfdÒk mfbcN, bkchf mcbfsIj mfbcN.
kfƒ nfmsbv jfkfsv sKsj ƒmfm hf ivsrpofv mfbcNslvsj kKf zfïfrsj (!) dbsuv
syrfvf slJfsk tÏfshfL jsv.

mndusl ˆsn soft rsq hsn o¬i jvf }
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268

mrfbhD  mndusl djYc ÛÁq-dhÛÁq, rfvfsbf h²Â sJf]uf, (hfsu) jdhkf hf out ifE
ˆhQ ucmzfv iCshG soft rsq hnf sKsj dbsNL jsvsYb. (zflf} 1079bQ, dk} iamcJ nuf}
6885 bQ)

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„ssllvv ddllbb u
ucmcmz
zffr
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„slv dlb ucmzfr iVst ƒmfm ucmzfr iVshb. nfLfvB mcndtmslv ubA ˆJdkqfv
Kfjsh; kfvf ucmzfr iVskW ifsv, bsy{ spfrv iVfW ShL. (dh²Àfdvk ûóhA `svfpf W
vmpfsbv Ifpfsqt W mfnfsqt')
zfv iCshG ˆ jKf …sïJ jvf rsqsY sp, hxdó-hbAfv jfvsB mndusl …id²¿k rsk bf
ifvst Osv spfrv isV dbsk rsh.








mmcncnffddI
Issvvvv bbffmmffpp
nIv ˆjde jdEb dudbn. nIv HDdk, jó W …säoiCBG nmq, hA²Àkf W wËfmq jft.
kfƒ ˆƒ nmqjfst lqfmq mrfb zfïfr lqfiChj G hf¦lfv …iv djYc bfmfp rfîf
jsvsYb ˆhQ ˆ msmG zfsvf zbAfbA ncspfo-ncdhLf lfb jsvsYb. k¦msLA jnv W umf
jsv bfmfp iVf zbAkm.

j
jnnvv bbffmmffpp
nIsv 4 vfjzfk dhdwó Ivp bfmfpsj 2 vfjzfk jnv (nQs[i) jsv iVf ncâk
W zfIpt. ˆ hAfifsv mrfb zfïfr hstb,

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zKGf{, pJb skfmvf HCisx ô nIv jv, kJb skfmvf bfmfp nQs[i jvst skfmfslv
sjfb zivfL sbƒ; pdl skfmvf ˆƒ zfwQjf jv sp, jfsIvvf skfmfslvsj dhhak
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269

jvsh. (jc} 4/101)

hfrAk} …ÙÁ zfqfk sKsj pdlW ˆƒ jKf hcUf pfq sp, sjht Hsqv nmq bfmfp jnv
jvf ShL, khcW Hq YfVf dbvfil nmsqW jnv jvf pfq. mrfbhD  W k]fv nfrfhfsq
sjvfm -oB Hq-zHq …Hq zh²¿fskƒ jnv jsvsYb hst iamfdBk.
ˆjlf rpvk qAf'tf dhb …mfƒqf
rpvk …mfv
-sj hstb, dj hAfifv sp,
stfsjvf ˆJsbf ipG§À bfmfp jnv isVƒ pfs¤Y, zKy mrfb zfïfr skf sjht hstsYb
sp, ªpJb skfmvf HCisx ô nIv jv, kJb skfmvf bfmfp nQs[i jvst skfmfslv sjfb
zivfL sbƒ; pdl skfmvf ˆƒ zfwQjf jv sp, jfsIvvf skfmfslvsj dhhak jvsh.«
zfv hkGmfsb skf HDdkv sn zh²¿f zhdwó sbƒ?
rpvk …mfv
…Ùsv htstb, sp hAfifsv kcdm zfÇypGshfL jvY, zfdmW snƒ
hAfifsv zfÇypGshfL jsv bhD -ˆv dbje ˆ jKfv …sïJ jvst dkdb htstb, ªˆef
skfmfslvsj slWqf zfïfrv ˆjde nljfr. nckvfQ skfmvf k]fv nljfr oarB jv.«
(zf}, mc}, nczf}, dm} 1335bQ)
mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `mÄfsk iaKsm 2 vfjzfk jsv bfmfp Ivp jvf rq.
zk}iv bhD  pJb mlDbfq druvk jsv zfsnb, kJb zfsvf 2 vfjzfk jsv bfmfp
hxdÝ jvf rt. sjht mfosvshv bfmfp (3 vfjzfk) jvf rt. jfvB, kf dlsbv dhkXv.
zfv Iusvv bfmfpW 2 vfjzfk vfJf rt. jfvB, kfv dj¶vfzfk tìf. dj§Â bhD 
pJb nIsv spskb, kJb dkdb ‰ iaKmjfv nQJAfƒ (mÄfq Ivpjxk 2 vfjzfk
bfmfpƒ) iVskb.' (zf}, hf}, ƒmf}, ƒJc})
mrfbhD  iaskAj nIsvƒ jnv jsv bfmfp isVsYb ˆhQ sjfb dbHGvspfoA
svWqfqfk äfvf ˆ jKf iamfdBk sbƒ sp, dkdb sjfb nIsv bfmfp iCBG jsv isVsYb.
rpvk zfècïfr dhb …mfv
hstb, `zfdm bhD , zfhC hfjXv, …mfv W …nmfb -
ˆv nfsK nIsv sKsjdY. dj§Â jJsbf sldJ db sp, k]fvf 2 vfjzfskv shwD bfmfp
isVsYb.' (hc}, mc}, dm} 1338bQ)
zhwA rpvk …nmfb
k]fv sJtfIskv swN dlsj dmbfq iCBG (4 vfjzfk) bfmfp
isVsYb. (hc} 1082, mc}, dm} 1347bQ) klbcv™i mf zfsqwfW nIsv iCBG bfmfp iVskb.
(hc}, mc}, dm} 1348bQ) zhwA k]fslv ˆ jfsuv hAfJAf ˆƒ dYt sp, iaKmk} k]fvf ufbskb,
jnv jvf ncâk; Wqfsuh bq. zfv däkDqk} pfsk zÎ stfsjvf k]fslv jnv jvf
slsJ msb bf jsv hsn sp, spfrv, zfnv W ˆwfv bfmfp mfÛ 2 vfjzfk. (Ihf} 2/664-65)
i[f§Àsv Iuv W mfosvshv bfmfsp jnv sbƒ.

j
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Cv
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Issvv j
jnnvv ddhhssLLqq
jcvzfb mfuDslv …ipGÙ
c Á zfqfsk hf sjfb rflDsn snƒ nIsvv sjfb dbdlGó idvmfi
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270

hf lCvk¶ …sïJ rqdb, pkef lCvk¶ pfWqfv iv bfmfp jnv jsv iVf dhsLq. ˆƒ ubA
ndEj ˆƒ sp, idvHfNfq hf iaydtk zsKG pfsj nIv htf rq, snƒ nIsv bfmfp jnv
jvf ytsh. (mcm} 4/497-498)
nfrfhfslv msLA ˆ hAfifsv dhdHâ mk idvtd[k rq. rpvk ƒhsb zfêfn W ƒhsb
…mfv  48 mfƒt lCsv dosq jnv jvskb ˆhQ svfpf vfJskb bf. (hc})
iajfw Kfsj sp, ˆƒ nIv ifsq sr]se srfj zKhf …sev disE, nfƒsjst srfj hf hfsn-
seºsb, ifdb-ufrfsu srfj zKhf ˆsvfsi½sb, jsóv srfj zKhf zfvfsmv, ShL sjfb
jfsuv ubA rst kfsk jnv dhsLq. (mh} 20/157)
lCvhkGD nIv sKsj pdl ˆjdlsbv dHksvƒ dIsv zfsn zKhf dbjehkGD nIsv 2/3
dlb zh²¿fb jsv khcW kfsk jnv-umf ytsh. (mcm} 4/499)

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jffssÚ
Ússj
jjjnnvv ð
ðvv¢¢ r
rsshh??
mrfbhD  wrv hf ubil sYsV shv rsq sostƒ jnv ðv¢ jvskb. rpvk zfbfn

hstb, `zfdm bhD -ˆv nfsK (mÄf pfWqfv isK) mlDbfq spfrsvv 4 vfjzfk
ˆhQ (mlDbf sKsj 6 mfƒt lCsv) pct-ùtfƒIfq dosq zfnsvv 2 vfjzfk iVkfm.'
(hc} 1089bQ, mc}, zflf}, dk}, bf})
htf hfùtA, nIv jvsk wrv hf oafm kAfo jvfv iChG sKsjƒ bfmfp jnv hf umf jvf
ytsh bf.
bfmfspv nmq zfnfv isvW nIv jvst isK jnv jvf ShL. zbcv™i nIsv bfmfspv
nmq rWqfv isvW hfnfq dIsv ˆst iCBG bfmfp iVsk rsh. (dthfmf} 79ix}, mcm} 4/523)
nIsv shv rsq wrv sYsV (wrsvv hfƒsv) dhmfb-h¦lv, s±ewb hf hfn-±eAfsà jnv
ytsh. snJfsb jnv jsv bfmfp iVfv iv pdl sjfb jfvBhwk} si½b hf ofdV bf zfnfv
Ist hfdV dIvsk rq, khcW ‰ jnv jvf bfmfp zfv dIdvsq iVsk rsh bf. (mcm}
4/514)
nIsv shv rsq si½b hf ofdV pdlW mcnfdIsvv oafm hf wrsvv …iv hf dHkv dlsq pfq,
kfrstW kfv ‰ dhmfb-h¦lsv hf s±ewsb hf hfn-±eAfsà jnv jvf ytsh. (‰ 4/569)

j
jnnssvvvv nnmmqq--nnDDmmff
nIsv dosq dbdlGó dlb Kfjfv nQj¬i bf rst, hvQ jfu rfdnt rstƒ dIsv zfnfv
dbqk rst zKhf isK sjfb hfLf iVst pkdlb ‰ jfu bf rsh zKhf hfLf lCv bf rsh
kkdlb nIsv jnv jvf ytsh. (Iƒ} 1/406-407)
mrfbhD  ˆj nIsv 19 dlb dYstb ˆhQ kfsk bfmfp jnv jsvsYb. (hc} 1080bQ)
rpvk zfbfn
wfm slsw 2 hYv dYstb ˆhQ 2 hYvƒ bfmfp jnv jsv isVsYb.
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271

rpvk zfècïfr dhb ƒhsb …mfv

isK hvI Kfjfv Ist zfpfvhfƒufsb 6 mfn
zfej dYstb ˆhQ kfsk jnv jsv bfmfp isVdYstb.
djYc nfrfhf vfmfùvmcsp 7 mfn zh²¿fb jfst jnv jsv bfmfp isVdYstb.
i[f§Àsv dhslsw ²¿fqDHfsh hnhfn ðv¢ jvst; hAhnf, yfjcvD, zLAqb iaHdx kv ubA
dhslsw Kfjsk rst kJb zfv jnv ytsh bf.
hfjD Kfjt ˆk dlb nIsv Kfjfv dbqk jvst jnv ytsh ˆhQ ˆk dlb jvst
ytsh bf, skf sn jKfv …ipcÙÁ ltDt sbƒ. 4 djQhf kfv sKsj shwD dlsbv zh²¿fb
dbqsk KfjstW pkdlb kfv jfu swN bf rsqsY kkdlb mcnfdIv mcnfdIvƒ; pk[B bf
sn ²¿fqDHfsh hnhfsnv dbqk jsvsY. (mcm} 4/532-539)
iajfw Kfsj sp, pfvf HfVf ofdV yftfq, iakAr hfn, seºb hf si½b yftfq kfvfW
mcnfdIv. kfslv ubAW bfmfp jnv jvf dhsLq. (mh} 22/103)

nnI
Issvv nncâcâk
kWW bbI
Itt bbffmmffpp
mrfbhD  nIsv nfLfvBk} Ivp bfmfspv zfso hf isv ncâk bfmfp iVskb bf.
ksh dhkXv W Iusvv ncâk dkdb nIsvW dbqdmk iVskb. spmb ˆv iCshGW ƒdÌk
jvf rsqsY.
htf hfùtA, nIsv (dhkXv W Iusvv zfso 2 vfjzfk YfVf) ncâk (mczfÄflfr) bf
iVfƒ ncâk. rpvk zfècïfr dhb …mfv
ˆj nIsv stfsjslvsj Ivp bfmfspv iv
ncâk iVsk slsJ htstb, `pdl zfmfsj ncâkƒ iVsk rk, kfrst Ivp bfmfp icvf
jsvƒ iVkfm. zfdm bhD -ˆv nfsK nIsv sKsjdY. zfdm k]fsj ncâk iVsk
sldJdb.' zk}iv dkdb htstb,
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zKGf{, dbÇyq skfmfslv ubA zfïfrv vnCstv msLA vsqsY …Ùm zflwG. (jc} 33/21) (hc}
1101bQ, mc})
zfdm bhD -ˆv nfsK nIsv sKsjdY. dkdb 2 vfjzfskv shwD bfmfp iVskb bf.
zbcv™i zfhC hfjXv, …mfv W …nmfb -W jvskb.' (hc} 1102bQ, mc}, dm} 1338bQ)
ksh nIsv ncâfsk mczfÄflfr iVf pfsh bf ˆmb jKf bq. spsrkc mrfbhD  jJsbf
jJsbf djYc djYc ncâfsk mczfÄflfr iVskb. (dm} zfthfbDv eDjf 1/423)
zhwA nfLfvB bIt, kfrfÏcl, yfñX, kfdrqAfkct mfndul iaHdx k bfmfp nIsv iVf
yst. spmb Ivp bfmfspv zfso-isvW bIstv dbqsk bfmfp iVf lCNBDq bq.
mÄf dhusqv dlb …s©m rfbDv Osv dkdb yfsñv bfmfp isVsYb. (hc}) ˆ YfVf dkdb
nIsv …sev disE bIt W dhkXv bfmfp iVskb. (hc}, mc}, zflf}, bf})
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272

mmcn
cnffddI
Issvvvv ƒ
ƒmmffmm W
W mmÙ
cÙ
c ÁÁffllDD r
rssqq bbffmmffpp
mcnfdIv ƒmfmdk jvsk ifsv ˆhQ ˆ zh²¿fskW sn jnv jsv bfmfp iVsk ifsv. ˆ
s[sÛ oxrhfnD zmcnfdIv mcÙÁflDvf mcnfdIv ƒmfsmv nftfm dIvfv iv nftfm bf dIsv
…sE hfjD bfmfp iCvB jvsk hfLA rsh. (dthfmf} 7/18)
zbcv™i mcnfdIv zmcnfdIv ƒmfsmv diYsb bfmfp iVsk ifsv. zfv ˆ s[sÛ sn ‰
ƒmfsmv mkƒ iCBG bfmfp iVsk hfLA rsh. ˆmb dj ƒmfsmv swsNv 2 vfjzfsk
ufmfzfsk wfdmt rstW mcnfdIv hfjD 2 vfjzfk ˆjfjD zflfq jvsk hfLA. ˆJfsb
‰ 2 vfjzfksj jnv Lsv dbst rsh bf.
rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfêfn
-sj duÎfnf jvf rt sp, mcnfdIv ˆjfjD bfmfp
iVst 2 vfjzfk, zfv zmcnfdIv ƒmfsmv iÇyfsk iVst 4 vfjzfk bfmfp isV,
kfv jfvB dj? …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `ˆefƒ rt zfhct jfsnm -ˆv ncâk.' (zf}
1862, k¶fh} 12895bQ)
k]fsj duÎfnf jvf rt, `mÄfq sKsj ƒmfsmv nfsK ufmfzfsk bfmfp bf sist djHfsh
bfmfp iVh?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `lcƒ vfjzfk zfhct jfsnm -ˆv ncâk.' (mc}
688bQ, ƒJc})
pdl sjfb mcnfdIv isKv sjfb mndusl ufmfzfk ytsk slsJ ˆhQ sn hcUsk bf ifsv
sp, ƒmfm ²¿fbDq hnhfnjfvD, dhLfq iCBG bfmfp iVfv dbqk jsv ufmfzfsk wfdmt rsh,
bfdj mcnfdIv, dhLfq jnv jvfv dbqsk wfdmt rsh?
ˆmk zh²¿fq mcnfdIv ƒmfsmv zfjfv-zfjxdk W nIsvv dyrÁ slsJ smfefmcde zf¦lfu
tfofsh, ƒmfm dj? ˆviv pdl iaht LfvBf rq sp, sn ²¿fqD hnhfnjfvD, kfrst iCBG
bfmfp iVfv dbqsk ufmfzfsk wfdmt rsh.
i[f§Àsv pdl kfv iaht LfvBf ˆƒ rq sp, sn mcnfdIv, kfrst jnsvv dbqsk
ufmfzfsk wfdmt rsh.
dj§Â nftfm dIvfv iv pdl hcUsk ifsv sp, ƒmfm ²¿fbDq hfdn¦lf ˆhQ kfv diYsb sp 2
vfjzfk bfmfp sn isVsY kf ƒmfsmv kxkDq W ykcKG vfjzfk, kfrst sn …sE zfsvf
2 vfjzfk isV dbsq bfmfp iCBG jvsh. zfv ˆv ubA kfsj dnulf-ˆ nfrXW jvsk
rsh. ˆsk pdl sn mfsU iajk x ufbfv ubA jKfW hst Kfsj kfsk sjfb [dk rsh bf.
(mfkfrfzf} 16ix})
iv§Â pdl iaht LfvBfq sjfb ˆj dlj hcUf bf pfq, kfrst mcnfdIv n©Hfhbfmq
dbqk jvsk ifsv. spmb msb ˆƒ nQj¬i jvsk ifsv, pdl ƒmfm iCBG bfmfp isV
kfrst zfdmW iCBG iVh. bsy{, jnv iVst zfdmW jnv iVh. (mcm} 4/521)
ÎfkhA sp, mcnfdIv bfmfsp l]fdVsq kfjhDsv kfrvDmf slWqfv iv pdl jnsvv dbqk
jsv kfrstW ytsh. iChG sKsjƒ jnsvv dbqk uv¢vD bq. (‰ 4/525)
iajfw Kfsj sp, mcnfdIsvv ubAW ²¿fbDq ufmfzfsk wvDj rsq bfmfp iVf …Ùm.
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273

zhwA nIsvv isK sjfb [dkv zfwËf rst dHâ jKf. (mh} 12/89)

mmcn
cnffddI
Issvvvv nnI
Issvvvv z
zffssoo--i
issvv bbffmmffpp
mrfbhD  hstb, ªpJb kcdm skfmfv Ov sKsj shv rWqfv nQj¬i jvsh, kJb lcƒ
vfjzfk bfmfp iV; skfmfsj hfdrv isKv njt m¦l sKsj v[f jvsh. zfhfv pJb
kcdm skfmfv Osv iashw jvsh kJbW lcƒ vfjzfk bfmfp iV; skfmfsj iashw isKv
njt m¦l sKsj v[f jvsh.« (hfpXpfv, hf} ðzfhct „mfb, nuf} 505bQ)

bbffmmffpp u
ummff j
jssvv i
iVVffvv ddhhLLffbb
mrfb zfïfr hf¦lfv iadk hV lqfhfb, hV zbcoarwDt. dkdb hf¦lfv jó yfb bf. kfƒ
zbcoar jsvƒ dhLfb dlsqsYb lcƒ nmsqv bfmfpsj iasqfusb ˆj nmsq ˆjdÛk jsv
iVfv. zbcmdk dlsqsYb zfsov bfmfpsj isvv nfsK (dhtì jsv) zKhf isvv
bfmfpsj zfsov nfsK (k¶vfd¦hk jsv) iVfv.
zhwA ˆ sjht nDmfhÝ bfmfspv mfsUƒ n©Hh. spmb, spfrv W zfnv ˆj nfsK
ˆhQ mfosvh W ˆwf ˆj nfsK lcdev msLA ˆjdev nmsq umf jsv iVf pfsh. i[f§Àsv
Iusvv bfmfpsj zfso-isvv sjfb bfmfspv nfsK umf jsv iVf pfsh bf. spmb iVf
pfsh bf zfnv W mfosvshv bfmfpsj ˆj nfsK umf jsv. zbcv™i ucmzfv bfmfp spfrv
sKsj ixKj. zkˆh ucmzfv nfsK zfnsvv bfmfpsj umf jsv iVf pfsh bf. (mcm}
4/572-573)

ssj
jffbbX X ssj
jffbbX X z
zhh²
²f¿ f¿ qq u
ummff j
jvvff ppffqq??
pKf nmsq bfmfp iVfƒ iaskAj mcndtm bvbfvDv ubA Ivp. dj§Â ltDstv dHdÙskƒ
dbsm´fÙÁ nmq W zh²¿fq ˆj nmsqv bfmfpsj zbA nmsqv bfmfspv nfsK umf jsv iVf
ShL }-
zfvfIfk W mcplfdtIfq }
dhlfqD rsÏ mrfbhD  zfvfIfsk spfrv W zfnsvv bfmfpsj spfrsvv nmq ˆhQ
mcplfdtIfq mfosvh W ˆwfv bfmfpsj ˆwfv nmq umf jsv isVdYstb.

nIsv mcnfdIv zh²¿fq }

nIsv isK zKhf sjfb zh²¿fbs[sÛ hf hfnfq umf (W jnv) jsv bfmfp iVf pfq.
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274

rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfêfn

hstb, `zfdm dj skfmfslvsj bhD -ˆv bfmfp
n©isjG hBGbf slh bf?' stfsjvf htt, `zhwAƒ.' dkdb htstb, `nIv jvfv nmq
zh²¿fbs[sÛ Kfjsk Kfjskƒ pdl nCpG Tst spk, kfrst nWqfv rWqfv zfsoƒ spfrv
W zfnvsj umf jsv isV dbskb. zfv nCpG bf Ttst dkdb shv rsq spskb. zk}iv
zfnsvv nmq rst nWqfvD sKsj sbsm spfrv W zfnvsj ˆj nsÌ umf jsv isV
dbskb. zbcv™i pdl zh²¿fbs[sÛ Kfjsk Kfjskƒ nCpG Fcsh spk, kfrst mfosvh W
ˆwfv bfmfpsj ˆj nsÌ umf jsv dbskb. zfv nCpG bf Fchst dkdb shv rsq spskb.
zk}iv ˆwfv nmq rst dkdb nWqfvD sKsj sbsm mfosvh W ˆwfv bfmfpsj ˆj nsÌ
umf jsv isV dbskb.' (zf}, wfsIqD, û} hc} 1111-1112bQ)
rpvk mczfp
hstb, khcj zdHpfsb dosq zfïfrv vnCt  ˆjlf slvD jsv
bfmfp iVstb. dkdb hfƒsv ˆsn spfrv W zfnvsj ˆj nfsK umf jsv iVstb.
kfviv dkdb dHksv yst sostb. zk}iv hfƒsv ˆsn dkdb mfosvh W ˆwfsj ˆj
nfsK umf jsv iVstb. (mc}, mf})
lcƒ bfmfpsj ˆjsÛ umf jsv iVfv nmq ncâk rt bfmfspv iCshG ˆjde zfpfb rsh
ˆhQ iaskAj bfmfp ðv¢ jvfv zfso ƒjfmk rsh. zfv …Hq bfmfspv mfsU sjfb ncâk
iVf pfsh bf. mrfbhD  zfvfIfk W mcplfdtIfq zbcv™iƒ jsvdYstb. (zf}, hc}, mc}, bf})
lcƒ bfmfp umf jvfv nmq …Hsqv mfsU nfmfbA [B slvD rsq pfWqf slfNfhr bq.
jfvB, mcplfdtIfq si]ZsY mrfbhD  mfosvshv bfmfp isVb. zk}iv iaskAsj dbu
dbu …e dbu dbu zhkvB ²¿st hdnsq dlt. kfviv ˆwfv bfmfp iVstb ˆhQ mfsU
sjfb bfmfp isVbdb. (hc} 1672, mc})

hhdx dx óó--hhffllsst
t bbffmmffpp u
ummff
hxdó-hflstv dlsb jflfq if diYst isV pfWqf hf ifdbsk dHsu pfWqfv zfwËfq
hfvhfv mndul zfnsk mcnïDslv jó rsh hstƒ nvt wvDqsk sn nmqW lcƒ bfmfpsj
ˆj nfsK umf jsv isV sbWqfv zbcmdk lfb jsvsY.
rpvk ƒhsb zfêfn
hstb, `mrfbhD  mlDbfq spfrv W zfnv ˆhQ mfosvh W
ˆwfsj umf jsv isVsYb.' (ˆj hBGbfjfvD) zfƒqch (zfhcwX wf'Nf ufshvsj) duÎfnf
jvstb, `n©Hhk} hxdóv nmq?' …Ùsv (ufshv) htstb, `n©Hhk}.' (hc} 543bQ,
kfdm} 321ix})
rpvk zfhC nftfmfr
hstb, `hxdóv dlsb mfosvh W ˆwfsj umf jsv iVf ncâk.'
(zfNvfm, bfzf} 3/218)
rpvk ƒhsb zfêfn
hstb, `ˆjlf bhD  mlDbfq spfrv W zfnv ˆhQ mfosvh
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275

W ˆwfv bfmfpsj umf jsv isVsYb. sndlb bf sjfb Hq dYt zfv bf hxdó.' stfsjvf
duÎfnf jvt, `dkdb ˆmb sjb jvstb?' …Ùsv ƒhsb zfêfn
htstb, `dkdb k]fv
…©mksj zncdhLfq bf sItfv …sÜswA ˆmbde jvstb.' (mc} 705bQ)
…ÙÁ hBGbfq `hxdó dYt bf kfW umf jsv bfmfp isVsYb' ˆƒ jKfv ltDt sp, hxdó
rst umf jsv iVf ˆmdbskƒ ShL. zfv ˆ umf rsh rfj¶Dj¶D (iajk
x ) umf (kfjlDm),
nCvD (zfifk) umf bq. jfvB, kfskƒ …©mksj zncdhLfq iVsk rsh. (û} dnn}
2837bQ)
hxdóv ubA umf sjht kfvfƒ jvsk ifsv, pfvf ufmfzfskv stfj. pfvf ufmfzfsk hf
mndusl rfdpv rq bf kfslv ubA umf ShL bq. spmb, svfoD (jó bf rst) hf mdrtf
hfdVsk umf jvsk ifsv bf.
i[f§Àsv sp hAdÙÁ mnduslƒ hf mnduslv wfdmt hf ifwfifdw hfnfq hfn jsv kfv
ubAW umf ShL. zfnt jKf rt ufmfzfk. zfv ufmfzfskv IpDtk shwD. zkˆh
ufmfzfk sYsV kfslv pKfnmsq bfmfp iVf …dyk bq. (mcm} 4/560)

z
zbbAA ssj
jffbb z
znndc dc hhLLffvv j
jffvvssBB bbffmmffpp u
ummff
Hq hf hxdó YfVfW zbA sjfb hV zncdhLfv jfvsBW lcƒ bfmfpsj umf jsv iVf ShL.
…ipGÙc Á ƒhsb zfêfn
-ˆv rflDn sn jKfƒ ƒdÌk jsv.
ˆ YfVf hcJfvD W mcndtm wvDsIv ˆjde spZK hBGbfq ifWqf pfq sp, mrfbhD 
mlDbfq spfrv W zfnv ˆhQ mfosvh W ˆwfsj umf jsv isVsYb. (hc} 543, mc})
zfècïfr dhb wfjDj hstb, ˆjlf rpvk ƒhsb zfêfn
zfnsvv iv zfmfslv
mfsU hÙÁhA vfJstb. ˆƒ zh²¿fq nCpG Fcsh sot ˆhQ zfjfsw kfvf Icse …Et. zfv
stfsjvf htsk tfot, `bfmfspv nmq rsq sosY, bfmfspv nmq rsq sosY.'
hbD kfmDsmv ˆj hAdÙÁ `bfmfp, bfmfp' jvsk jvsk snfuf ƒhsb zfêfsnv jfsY
ˆt. dkdb stfjefsj htstb, `kcdm dj zfmfsj zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv ncâk dwJfsk
ˆsnY? zfdm bhD -sj spfrv W zfnv ˆhQ mfosvh W ˆwfv bfmfpsj ˆjsÛ umf
jsv iVsk slsJdY.'
zfècïfr dhb wfjDj hstb, `k]fv ˆ jKfq zfmfv ns¦lr rst zfdm zfhC ùvfƒvf
-
ˆv jfsY …id²¿k rsq k]fsj ˆ hAfifsv duÎfnf jdv. dkdb k]fv ˆ jKfv nmKGb
jsvb.' (mc} 705bQ)
iasqfusb znc²¿ zh²¿fqW hfvhfv WpC jvsk hf sthfn ifs¬e idhÛkf zuGb jvsk
jó rst lcƒ bfmfpsj ˆj nfsK umf jsv iVf ShL. spmb mrfbhD  ƒd²Àrfpfoa²À
(nhGlf mfdnj zfsn ˆmb) mdrtfsj ˆj sofnst lcƒ bfmfpsj ˆj nfsK umf jsv iVfv
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276

dbslGw dlsqsYb. (zf}, zflf}, dk}, dm} 561-563bQ) zbcv™i pfv nh nmq ianafh Uvfv
svfo zfsY snW 2 bfmfpsj umf jsv iVsk ifsv.

u
ummff ddhhNNqqj
jzzbbAAffbbAA u
uvv¢¢vvDD mmffnnffssqqt
t
ÎfkhA sp, k¶vfd¦hk umf (kfj¶lDm) zsi[f (jó bf rst) dhtdìk (kf'JDv) umfƒ
…Ùm. ˆ YfVf pJb pfv ubA spmb ncdhLf kfv ubA snƒ umfƒ …Ùm. (mcm} 4/461-
564) zhwA iaKm zsÙÁ umf bf jvst sn nmsq umfv dbqk uv¢vD. bsy{, umfv
dbqk YfVf dhbf Wpsv sjfb bfmfpsj pKfnmq sKsj ifv jsv slWqf rfvfm. (mcm}
4/574)
htf hfùtA, iaKm zsÙÁ umfv dbqk bf svsJ nmq ifv rWqfv iv isvv zsÙÁv nfsK
umfv dbqk nrDr bq. hvQ ˆƒ nmq iaKm bfmfp jfpf W däkDq bfmfp zflfsqv dbqsk
iVf uv¢vD. (‰ 4/575)
iajfw Kfsj sp, sjfb Wpsv iaKm zsÙÁ lcƒ bfmfp umf jsv sbWqfv iv däkDq zÙÁX
zfnfv zfsoƒ pdl sn Wpv lCv rsq pfq; spmb svfo Hft rsq pfq, mcnfdIv Osv dIsv
zfsn zKhf hxdó sKsm pfq, khcW umf bfmfp hfdkt rsh bf ˆhQ däkDq zsÙÁ ‰ iVf
bfmfp zfv dIdvsq iVsk rsh bf. ˆmb dj däkDq bfmfp swN rWqfv zfsoƒ pdl Wpv
lCv rsq pfq khcW umf hfdkt bq. (‰ 4/574, mh} 17/55, Iƒ} 1/261-262)
mcnfdIsvv ubA umf W jnv ˆjƒ nfsK jvf uv¢vD bq. nckvfQ sn umf bf jsv
sjht jnv ˆhQ jnv bf jsv umfW jvsk ifsv. (mh} 12/88)

ddhhddH
Hââ ppffbbhhffr
rssbb bbffmmffpp
mrfbhD  nWqfvDv …iv Ivp bfmfp iVskb bf. Ivp bfmfspv nmq rst dkdb
…e sKsj sbsm mfdesk l]fVfskb.
nckvfQ nIsv (smfev ofdV, ov¢v ofdV, …e, rfdk, sOfVf iaHdx k) pfbhfrsb bfmfspv
nmq rst pfbhfrb Kfdmsq bfmfp iVsk rsh. dj§Â sp pfbhfrsb Kfmfv hf bfmfv ncspfo
sbƒ, zKy snJfsb pKfdbqsm iCBvG ™si bfmfp zflfq n©Hh, sn pfbhfrsb pKf nmsq
bfmfp iVsk rsh. iv§Â snJfsb pdl pKfdbqsm iCBvG ™si bfmfp zflfq jvfv ncspfo bf
Kfsj, kfrst o§ÀhA²¿t si]ZYsbfv zfsoƒ bfmfspv nmq zdkhfdrk rWqfv zfwËf
Kfjst sn pfbhfrsbv …isvƒ pKfnmsq bfmfp isV sbWqf uv¢vD. (zfƒ} 401bQ)
zkˆh si½b, seºb, hfn iaHdx k pfbhfrsbv dHksv ufmfzfk nrjfsv bfmfp n©Hh
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277

rst ufmfzfk nrjfsvƒ iVsk rsh. (2)

bsy{ ˆjfjD dbu dbu dnse hsn nmq ifv rWqfv zfso zfsoƒ bfmfp isV dbsk
rsh. bf iVst ˆhQ isv jfpf iVstW sofbfrofv rsk rsh.
pKfn©Hh djhtfmcJ rsk rsh. dhswN jsv bfmfp ðv¢ jvfv iCshG djhtfmcJ rsq
l]fdVsq isv pfbhfrb zbAmcJ rst pKfn©Hh djhtfmcsJ Ocsv bfmfp iVsk rsh.
n©Hh bf rst sp sjfb mcsJƒ bfmfp rsq pfsh.
nfLAmk bfmfspv v¢jXb W Wqfsuh zflfq jvsk rsh. umfv bfmfp rst ˆhQ däkDq
nmq zdkhfdrk rWqfv zfso ofdV o§ÀhA²¿st si]ZYsh bf zfwËf rst si½b hf ofdVskƒ
bfmfp zflfq zidvrfpG. (mh} 5/190)
sbZjf, ifdb-ufrfu hf d±emfv iaHdx k utpfsbW bfmfp zflfq jvf uv¢vD. (djqfsmv
nmq) l]fdVsq iVsk zncdhLf rst hsn hsn isV dbsk rsh. ƒhsb …mfv
hstb, bhD
 sbZjfq bfmfp iVfv dhNsq duÎfdnk rst dkdb htstb, ªFcsh pfWqfv Hq bf
Kfjst kfsk l]fdVsq l]fdVsq bfmfp iV.« (hfp}, lfvf}, rf}, dnnfb} 79ix})
zfècïfr dhb zfhD …khfr hstb, `ˆjlf zfdm ufshv dhb zfècïfr, zfhC nf„l
JclvD W zfhC ùvfƒvf -ˆv nfsK sbZjfv nÌD dYtfm. k]fvf njst l]fdVsq l]fdVsq
ufmfzfk nrjfsv bfmfp iVstb. k]fslv ˆjub ƒmfmdk jvstb. zfv k]fvf kDsv
zfnsk n[mW dYstb.` (ncbfb nf„l dhb mfbnCv, zfvf}, ƒzfwf}, hf} 3/155)
mrfbhD  nIsv dbsuv nWqfvDskƒ bIt W dhkXv bfmfp iVskb. …ebD
sjhtfmcsJ l]fV jdvsq kjhDv dlsq bfmfp ðv¢ jvskb. zk}iv iChG-idÇym sp mcsJ
iK W …ebD spk, sn mcsJƒ dkdb bfmfp iVskb. zfv ˆ hAfifsvƒ zhkDBG rsqsY
mrfb zfïfrv ˆƒ hfBD }-
E5‫
א‬9`
 ‫<
و‬S_ ?
‫ ? &  "
'   א‬F
zKGf{, skfmvf spdlsjƒ mcJ dIvfW, sndljƒ zfïfrv syrfvf (dlj hf djhtfr). (jc}
2/115) (mc} 700bQ, zflf}, dk})

ssvvffooDDvv bbffmmffpp
svfoD rstW Îfb hkGmfb Kfjf jft ipG§À jfsvf ubA sjfb zh²¿fq bfmfp mfI bq.
WpC-sofnt bf jvsk ifvst kfqf©mcm jsv, kf bf ifvstW dhbf kfqf©mcsmƒ bfmfp
iVf uv¢vD. idhÛ bf Kfjsk ifvst zidhÛ zh²¿fskƒ, idhÛ ufqof bf sist zidhÛ

(2) iajfw Kfsj sp, dhswN jsv si½sb ˆjfdLj I]fjf ufqof zfsY; spJfsb ufmfzfk jsv bfmfp iVf
n©Hh. Jfjnfv dbsu hùhfv snnh ufqofq ufmfzfk nrjfsv pKfdbqsm iCBvG ™si bfmfp zflfq jsvsY.
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278

ufqofskƒ bfmfp iVsk rsh.

svfoD l]fdVsq bfmfp bf iVsk ifvst hsn bfmfp iVsh. lcƒ if-sj Èdesq
zfVfzfdVHfsh svsJ r]fec H]fu jsv (hfhc rsq) hnsh. jJsbf jJsbf iasqfusb mrfbhD
 zbcv™i hsn bfmfp iVskb. (bf}, rf}) zfècïfr dhb …mfv
zncdhLfv jfvsB
bfmfsp zbcv™i hnskb. (hc} 827bQ) zhwA kfwfrùslv ShEsj hnfv mkW hsn bfmfp
iVsk ifsv. (dInc} zfvhD 1/243)
hsn bf ifvst (Ffb) ifwG¶slsw ðsq, kf bf ifvst dy{ rsq ðsq, (mfKfef hfdtw
ƒkAfdl dlsq ˆjec …]yc jsv) sjhtfv dlsj mcJ W if jsv bfmfp iVsh. l]fVfhfv nfmKGA
Kfjst ˆhQ hnsk bf ifvst l]fdVsq l]fdVsq bfmfp iVsh.
mrfb zfïfr hstb,
ES T 
n+ ‫ دאً
<و‬7 d ‫ً
<و‬4 d
5‫وא
א‬1 ‫? ذ‬F
$  " `
zKGf{, skfmvf l]fdVsq, hsn W ifw¶sG lsw wqb jsv zfïfrsj ±mvB jv. (jc} 4/103)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ES  7 k
  E
 ‫
א‬4
5‫ א
א‬U'< ?F
zKGf{, zfïfrsj pKfnfLA Hq jsv yt. (jc} 64/16)
ƒmvfb dhb ùnfƒb
hstb, zfmfv zwG svfo dYt. zfdm (djHfsh bfmfp iVh kf)
zfïfrv vnCt -sj duÎfnf jvst dkdb htstb,
ªkcdm l]fdVsq bfmfp iV. bf ifvst
hsn iV. kfW bf ifvst ifw¶sG lsw wcsq iV.« (hc}, zflf}, zf}, dm} 1248 bQ)
jó rWqf nsÙ¶W pdl svfoD hsn bf isV l]fdVsq bfmfp isV, kfrst kfv ubA vsqsY
Fht nWqfh. ˆjlf ˆjlt stfsjv dbje mrfbhD  shv rsq slJstb, kfvf
znc²¿kfv jfvsB hsn hsn bfmfp iVsY. kf slsJ dkdb htstb, ªhsn bfmfp iVfv
nWqfh l]fdVsq bfmfp iVfv nWqfshv zsLGj.« (zf}, ƒmf})
zbcv™i hsn bfmfp iVfv [mkf Kfjf nsÙ¶W pdl zfvfm sbWqfv ubA svfoD ðsq
bfmfp isV kfrst kfv ubA vsqsY zsLGj nWqfh. (hc} 1115bQ)
pkef n©Hh l]fdVsq ˆhQ pkef iasqfub hsnW bfmfp iVsk ifsv. hxÝ hqsn
mrfbhD  vfskv bfmfsp hsn dj¶vfzfk jvskb. zk}iv 30/40 zfqfk dj¶vfzfk
hfjD Kfjst dkdb …sE kf ifE jsv v¢jC jvskb. (hc} 1118bQ)
svfoD nfLAmk v¢jC-dnulfr jvsh. bf ifvst m²Àj äfvf ƒdÌk jvsh. v¢jCv yfƒsk
dnulfv nmq zdLj U]j c sh. kf n©Hh bf rst syfsJv ƒwfvfq v¢jC-dnulfr jvsh.
v¢jCv yfƒsk dnulfv s[sÛ y[csj zdLjkv dbmDdtk jvsh.
rfk hf zfÌct äfvf ƒwfvf dhdLn©mk bq. jfvB, zbcv™i dbslGw wvDqsk zfsndb.
(ƒhsb hfp, ƒhsb …NfƒmDb)
y[c äfvf ƒwfvf n©Hh bf rst z§Àsv (j¬ibfq) djqfm, v¢jC W dnulf zfdlv dbqk
jsv kjhDv, djvfzfk W lczf-lv™l ifE jvsh.
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279

zfk¹fsj jó dlsq nfsLAv zkDk zfmt jvf wvDqsk iY¦lbDq bq. dnulfr mfdesk
bf jvsk ifvst sjfb dudbn …]yc jsv hf kcst kfsk dnulfr jvf ShL bq. ˆjlf
mrfbhD  ˆj svfoDsj slJf jvsk dosq slJstb, sn hfdtswv …iv dnulfr jvsY.
dkdb kf dbsq Y]sc V sIst dlstb. sn ˆjde jfE dbst jfEefsjW Y]csV sItstb.
zk}iv htstb, ªpdl [mkf Kfsj kfrst mfdesk bfmfp iV (dnulfr jv). kf bf
ifvst sjht ƒwfvf jv. zfv skfmfv v¢jCv kctbfq dnulfsj zdLj dbyc jv.« (k¶fh},
hfppfv, hf}, dnn} 323bQ)
zhwA l]fdVsq Kfjsk Kfjsk isV pfWqfv Hq rst slWqft hf Jcd] esk Hv jsv
l]fVfsk ifsv. mrfbhD  pJb hxÝ rsq iVstb ˆhQ öf²¿A smfef rsq sot, kJb k]fv
bfmfspv ufqofq ˆjde J]dc e hfbfsbf rsqdYt; pfsk dkdb Hv jsv bfmfp iVskb.
(zflf}, rf},dnn} 319, ƒv} 383bQ)
svfoD rstW iaskAj bfmfp pKfnmsq iVsh. bf ifvst umf jvfv dbqm zbcpfqD 2
zsÙÁv bfmfp umf jsv iVsh.
znc²¿ zh²¿fq iCBvG ™si bfmfp zflfq jvsk n[m bf rstW nc²¿ zh²¿fv mk iCBG
nWqfh tfH rsq Kfsj svfoDv. mrfbhD  hstb, ªhf¦lf pJb znc²¿ rsq isV zKhf
nIv jsv, kJb zfïfr kfzftf kfv ubA snƒ nWqfhƒ dtsJ Kfsjb, sp nWqfh sn
nc²¿ W Osv Kfjf zh²¿fq zfmt jsv tfH jvk.« (zf}, hc}, nuf} 799bQ)
znc²¿kfv nmq svfoDv shjfv hsn hf ðsq Kfjfv nmq. ˆ nmqsj mCtAhfb susb
zfïfrv dpjXv jvf …dyk svfoDv. jsóv nmsq sjht k]fvƒ njfsw zfjCt zfshlsbv
nfsK bIt bfmfp W Jfn mcbfufk jvfv ˆde ˆjde nchBG nmq. vfsÛ hù svfoDv Ocm
zfsn bf. ˆmb zdbûfq Iftkc vfdÛ zdkhfdrk bf jsv kfrfÏcl isV svfoD kfv
ivifsvv ubA nìt hxdÝ jvsk ifsv.

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wÛ¢v nfmsb Jcb rsq pfWqfv Hq Kfjf nsÙ¶W bfmfp W ufmfzfk mfI bq. sn
zh²¿fskW durfslv mqlfsb pKfnmsq ufmfzfk nrjfsv bfmfp iVskƒ rsh
mcndtmsj. ˆ hAfifsv mrfb zfïfr hstb,

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zKGf{, kcdm pJb kfslv mfsU zh²¿fb jvsh W kfslv dbsq bfmfp iVsh kJb ˆjlt
spb skfmfv nsÌ l]fVfq, zfv kfvf spb nw²Ã Kfsj. zk}iv dnulfr jvf rst kfvf spb
skfmfslv diYsb zh²¿fb jsv; zfv ziv ˆjlt pfvf bfmfsp wvDj rqdb kfvf skfmfv
nfsK spb bfmfsp wvDj rq ˆhQ kfvf spb nkjG W nw²Ã Kfsj. jfsIvvf jfmbf jsv, spb
skfmvf skfmfslv z²Ã-w²Ã W zfnhfhiÛ nìsá znkjG rW, pfsk kfvf skfmfslv …iv
rEf{ U]fdisq iVsk ifsv. zfv z²Ã vfJfsk skfmfslv sjfb slfN sbƒ pdl hxdó-hflstv
ubA skfmfslv jó rq zKhf skfmfslv zncJ rq. dj§Â zhwAƒ skfmvf ù]dwqfv Kfjsh.
dbÇyq zfïfr jfsIvslv ubA tfÒbfjv wfd²À ia²Âk svsJsYb. (jc} 4/102)
Hsqv bfmfp ðÝ hBGbf msk smfefmcde 6 Hfsh iVf pfq. pf nQs[si dbm´v™i }-
1. wÛ¢ djhtf YfVf zbA dlsj Kfjst ƒmfm ˆjlt SnsbAv nfsK ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp
isV zsi[f jvshb. mcÙÁflDoB dbsu dbsu zfv ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp isV nftfm dIsv
…sE dosq wÛ¢v nfmsb JfVf rsh. zk}iv zbA lt SnbA ˆsn ƒmfsmv nfsK ˆj vfjzfk
bfmfp iVsh. ˆviv ƒmfm hsn pfshb ˆhQ mcÙÁflDoB dbsu dbsu hfjD ˆj vfjzfk icvf
jsv sbsh. idvswsN ƒmfm kfslvsj dbsq nftfm dIvshb. (hc}, mc}, zflf}, dk}, bf})
2. wÛ¢ djhtf YfVf zbA dlsj Kfjst ƒmfm ˆjlt SnsbAv nfsK ˆj vfjzfk
bfmfp isV zsi[f jvshb. mcÙÁflDoB nftfm dIsv …sE dosq wÛ¢v nfmsb JfVf rsh.
zk}iv zbA lt SnbA ˆsn ƒmfsmv nfsK ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp iVsh. ˆviv ƒmfm
nftfm dIvshb ˆhQ mcÙÁflDvf hfjD ˆj vfjzfk icvf jsv sbsh. zk}iv ˆ lt wÛ¢v
nfmsb JfVf rst iaKm ltW kfslv hfjD ˆj vfjzfk jfpf jsv sbsh. (zf}, hc}, mc})
3. ƒmfm iaKm ltsj dbsq 2 vfjzfk bfmfp isV nftfm dIvshb. zk}iv kfvf
wÛ¢v nfmsb sost däkDq ltsj dbsq zfhfv 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVshb. zfv ˆ 2
vfjzfk bfmfp ƒmfsmv ubA bIt rsh. (zf}, zf}, bf})
4. wÛ¢ djhtfv dlsj rst njst dmst bfmfsp l]fdVsq pfsh. njstƒ ˆj nsÌ v¢jC
jvsh, zk}iv mfKf kcst iaKm lt (jfkfv) ƒmfsmv nfsK dnulfr jvsh ˆhQ däkDq
lt (jfkfv) wÛ¢v smfjfshtfq JfVf Kfjsh. zk}iv iaKm jfkfv dnulfr swN
jvst däkDq jfkfv dnulfq pfsh. zbcv™i däkDq vfjzfk iVsh ˆhQ nhGswsN njst
ˆj nfsK nftfm dIvsh. (zf}, mc}, bf}, ƒmf}, hf})
5. …Hq ltƒ ƒmfsmv nfsK bfmfsp l]fVfsh. zk}iv ˆjlt wÛ¢v nfmsb JfVf
Kfjsh ˆhQ ˆj ltsj dbsq ƒmfm ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp iVshb. ˆviv ˆ lt …sE
wÛ¢v smfjfshtfq Kfjsh ˆhQ ziv lt ˆsn dbsu dbsu ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp isV
sbsh, zfv ˆ nmq ƒmfm JfVf Kfjshb. kfviv ˆƒ ltsj dbsq ƒmfm däkDq vfjzfk
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281

iVshb ˆhQ njst hsn pfsh. zk}iv ziv lt ˆsn dbsu dbsu kfslv hfjD ˆj
vfjzfk isV sbsh. nhGswsN ƒmfm W mcÙÁflD dmst ˆj nfsK nftfm dIvsh. (zf}, zflf} bf})
6. ƒmfsmv nfsK iaskAj lt ˆj vfjzfk jsv bfmfp iVsh. ƒmfsmv rsh 2 vfjzfk
ˆhQ mcÙÁflDslv ˆj vfjzfk. iaKm lt ˆj vfjzfk isV (nftfm dIsv) wÛ¢v
smfjfshtfq yst pfsh. zk}iv däkDq lt ˆsn ƒmfsmv diYsb wvDj rsq mfÛ ˆj
vfjzfk iVsh. idvswsN ˆƒ ltsj dbsq ƒmfm nftfm dIvshb. (zf}, mc}, zflf}, bf}, ƒdr})
mfosvshv bfmfp rst ƒmfm iaKm ltsj dbsq 2 vfjzfk ˆhQ däkDq ltsj dbsq
ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp iVshb. zKhf iaKm ltsj dbsq ˆj vfjzfk ˆhQ däkDq ltsj
dbsq 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVshb. (dInc} zfvhD 1/247)

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Hq shsV sost ˆhQ pcÝ nQOdek rst iaskAsj dbu dbu nfmKGA zbcpfqD ytf
zh²¿fq, nWqfv zh²¿fq, sjhtfv dlsj mcJ jsv zKhf bf jsv, spHfshƒ srfj,
ƒdÌsk-ƒwfvfq v¢jC-dnulfr jsv bfmfp n©iâ jvsh. U]csj v¢jC-dnulfr jvst v¢jCv
sysq dnulfv zh²¿fq shwD U]cjsh. (hc}, mc}) U]cjfv ncspfo bf Kfjst sjht kjhDv hst
mfKfv ƒwfvfq bfmfp zflfq jvsk rsh. (hf}, dnnfb} 76ix})

nnâ
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kWW bbI
Itt ((z
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sp bfmfp iVf hfLAkfmCtj bq, pf kAfo jvst sofbfr rq bf dj§Â iVst nWqfh rq
snƒ swaBDv bfmfspv hV mfrfk¹A vsqsY wvDqsk.
vnCt  hstb, ªdjqfmskv dlb hf¦lfv dbje sKsj kfv zfmtnmCsrv msLA sp
zfmstv drnfh nhGfsoa sbWqf rsh, kf rt bfmfp. bfmfp dEj rst sn idvÛfB W
nItkf tfH jvsh. bsy{ (bfmfp dEj bf rst) L¶Qn W [dkoa²À rsh. nckvfQ
(drnfshv nmq) Ivp bfmfsp sjfb jmdk slJf sost zfïfr kfhfvfjf zkfzftf
dIdvñfslv
…sÜswA htshb, `slJ, zfmfv hf¦lfv sjfb bIt (bfmfp) zfsY dj bf.'
zkˆh kfv bIt bfmfp äfvf Ivp bfmfspv Ofedk iCvB jvf rsh. zk}iv zfsvf
njt zfmstv drnfh zbcv™i oarB jvf rsh.« (nzflf} 770, ndk} 337, nƒmf} 117bQ, nkf} 1/185)
mrfbhD  hstb, zfïfr hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfv ztDv dhv¢sÝ wÛ¢kf sifNB
jvsh, zfdm kfv dhv¢sÝ pcÝ sOfNBf jvh. hf¦lf pf djYc dlsq zfmfv SbjeA tfH jsv
Kfsj kfv msLA zfmfv dbje diaqkm rt snƒ ƒhflk, pf zfdm kfv …iv Ivp jsvdY.
zfv sn bIt ƒhflk äfvf zfmfv SbjeA zuGb jvsk Kfsj. idvswsN zfdm kfsj
Hfstfhfdn. zk}iv zfdm kfv swfbfv jfb rsq pfƒ, kfv slJfv syfJ rsq pfƒ, kfv
Lvfv rfk rsq pfƒ, kfv ytfv if rsq pfƒ! sn zfmfv jfsY djYc yfƒst zfdm zhwAƒ
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282

kfsj kf lfb jdv. sn zfmfv jfsY zfwaq iafKGbf jvst zfdm zhwAƒ kfsj zfwaq dlsq
Kfdj. zfv zfdm sp jfu jdv kfsk sjfb däLf jdv bf -pkef däLf jdv ˆub mcdmsbv
uDhb n©isjG; jfvB, sn mvBsj ziY¦l jsv. zfv zfdm kfv (sh]sy sKsj) jó
ifWqfsj ziY¦l jdv.« (hc} 6502bQ)
…sïJA sp, zfïfr hf¦lfv jfb, syfJ, rfk W if rWqfv zKG rt, hf¦lf zfïfrv
n§Âdómskƒ ˆ nhsj hAhrfv jsv. pfsk hAhrfv jvst dkdb zn§Âó, kfsk sn ‰ njt
zÌsj hAhrfv jsv bf.

bbI
Itt bbffmmffpp OOssvv i
iVVff H
Hfft
t
Ivp bfmfp dhdLhÝ rsqsY äDsbv iayfv W kfv iakDsjv hdr}iajfw Oefsbfv
…sÜswA. kfƒ Ivp bfmfp iajfwAHfsh stfj mfsU iadkôf jvf rq. i[f§Àsv bIt
bfmfp dhdLhÝ rsqsY dbYj mrfb zfïfrv n§Âdó jfmbf jsv k]fv SbjeA tfH jvfv
ts[A. nckvfQ bIt bfmfp pk Èå rsh, kk stfjys[v lxdó zfjNGB kKf `dvqf'
sKsj zdLj lCv W idhÛ rsh. (Ifƒpct j¶flDv 4/220) zfv sn ubAƒ bIt bfmfp öoxsr
sofisb iVf …Ùm.
kfYfVf bIt bfmfp Osv iVst bfmfspv kvDjf W Èv¢k¶ idvhfv-idvusbv jfsY
iajfw ifq. zfv ˆ ubA ùjcm rt, ªskfmvf Osv bfmfp iV ˆhQ kf jhv hfdbsq dbW
bf.« (hc} 432, mc} 777, zflf} 1448, dk}, bf}, nuf} 3784bQ) zKGf{, jhsv hf jhv²¿fsb
spmb bfmfp sbƒ hf rq bf snƒv™i dbsuv OvsjW bfmfprDb jsv svsJf bf.
mrfbhD  zfsvf hstb, ªskfmvf öoxsr bfmfp iV ˆhQ kfsk bIt iVsk sYsVf
bf.« (dnn} 1910, nuf} 3786bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªskfmfslv sj… pJb mndusl (Ivp) bfmfp n©iâ jsv
kJb kfv …dyk, sn spb kfv bfmfspv djYc zQw (ncâk bfmfp) dbsuv hfdVv ubA
vfsJ. jfvB hfdVsk iVf ‰ djYc bfmfspv msLA zfïfr jtAfB dbdrk svsJsYb.«
(mc}778bQ)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsr mfbhnjt! skfmvf öoxsr bfmfp zflfq jv. spsrkc Ivp
bfmfp YfVf mfbcsNv swaôkm bfmfp rt kfv öoxsr iVf bfmfp.« (bf}, ƒJc}, nkf} 437bQ)
bhD mchfwXdwv  hstb, ªspJfsb stfsj slJsk ifq snJfsb mfbcsNv bIt bfmfp
zsi[f spJfsb stfsj slJsk ifq bf snJfsbv bfmfp 25 de bfmfspv hvfhv.« (zfhC
qAf'tf, nuf} 3821bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªstfjy[cv n©mcsJ (bIt) bfmfp iVf zsi[f mfbcsNv
öoxsr bfmfp iVfv IpDtk dEj snƒv™i, spv™i bIt bfmfp zsi[f Ivp bfmfspv
IpDtk hùocsB zdLj.« (hf}, nkf} 438bQ)
ˆmb dj mlDbfhfnDv ubAW mndusl bhhDsk bIt bfmfp iVfv yfƒsk dbu dbu
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283

Osv iVf shwD …Ùm. (zflf}, nuf} 3814bQ)

bbI
Itt bbffmmffsspp t
tììff ddj
jqqffmm j
jvvff …
…ÙÙmm
bIt bfmfp nfLfvBk} ˆjfv bfmfp. kfƒ kfsk ƒ¤Yfmk tìf dj¶vfzfk jvf pfq.
hvQ ˆƒ bfmfsp djqfm tìf jvf mc²Àfrfh. mrfbhD -sj duÎfnf jvf rt sp, nhsysq
…Ùm bfmfp dj? …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªtìf djqfm-dhdwó bfmfp.« (zflf} 1449bQ)
zfv ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, mrfbhD  kfrfÏcslv bfmfsp ˆk tìf djqfm jvskb sp,
kfsk k]fv if Icst spk. nfrfhfoB hstdYstb, zfïfr zfibfv zfsov-isvv njt
sofbfr mfI jsv dlsqsYb khcW zfidb sjb zbcv™i bfmfp isVb? …Ùsv dkdb
hstdYstb, ªzfdm dj zfïfrv jxkÎ hf¦lf rh bf?« (hc}, mc}, zf}, dk}, bf} ƒmf}, dm} 1220bQ)

bbI
Itt bbffmmffpp ddhhbbff W
Wuussvv hhssnn i
iVVffW
W SShhLL
iaKm Jsà (79ixôfq) zfstfdyk rsqsY sp, n[m rst Ivp bfmfp l]fdVsq iVf
Ivp. dj§Â bIt bfmfp [mkf KfjskW hsn iVfW ShL. pdlW hsn bfmfp iVfv
nWqfh l]fdVsq bfmfp iVfv nWqfshv zsLGj. mrfbhD  hstb, ªhsn bfmfp iVfv
nWqfh zsLGj bfmfspv hvfhv.« (hc}, dm} 1249bQ)
hvQ bIt bfmfp dy{ rsq ðsqW iVf pfq. ksh ˆ zh²¿fq hsn iVfv zsLGj nWqfh
rsh. mrfbhD  hstb, ªzfv ðsq bfmfp iVfv nWqfh hsn bfmfp ifv zsLGj.« (hc}
1116bQ, mcm} 4/113-114)
bIt bfmfspv djYc zQw l]fdVsq ˆhQ djYc zQw hsn iVf pfq. hvQ ˆjƒ djqfsmv
djYc zQw l]fdVsq ˆhQ djYc zQw hsn dj¶vfzfk jvf pfq. kfsk djqfsmv iaKm zKhf
swN zQw hsn rstW sjfb slfNfhr bq.
rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `dkdb hsn dj¶vfzfk jvskb. zk}iv v¢jC jvfv ƒ¤Yf
jvst …sE l]fdVsq spskb.' (mc} 731bQ)
mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `vfskv bfmfsp zfdm bhD -sj hsn dj¶vfzfk jvsk
sldJdb. zk}iv dkdb pJb hfLGsjA …ibDk rstb, kJb dkdb hsn dj¶vfzfk jvskb.
idvswsN pJb 40 hf 30 zfqfk hfjD Kfjk, kJb dkdb JfVf rsq kf ifE jvskb.
zk}iv (v¢jC) dnulf jvskb.' ((mc} 731bQ, zf}, nczf})

nnâ
câ
c k
k bbffmmffssppvv j
jffppff
ncâk bfmfp Ycse sost jfpf iVf ncâk, uv¢vD bq. i[f§Àsv ƒ¤Yf jsv sYsV dlst
kfv jfpf sbƒ. iVst kf mjhctW bq. (mcm} 4/102)
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284

bbI
Itt bbffmmffssppvv i
iaj
ajffvvssH
Hll
Ivp bfmfp YfVf zbAfbA bfmfp lcƒ iajfv. iaKm iajfv rt snƒ bfmfp, pf (nmq W
vfjzfk nQJAf äfvf) dbdlGó bq. ˆ bfmfp dbdNÝ nmq YfVf sp sjfb nmsq zdbdlGó
vfjzfsk iVf pfq. zfv däkDq iajfv rt snƒ bfmfp, pf (nmq W vfjzfk nQJAf
äfvf) dbdlGó. sp bfmfspv dbdlGó nmq W vfjzfk nQJAf mrfbhD  jkGj x iamfdBk
zfsY. ˆƒ swaBDv bfmfp zfhfv lcƒ iajfv; ncâfsk mczfÄflfr W ofqv mczfÄflfr.

nnâ
câ
c ffssk
k mmz
cz
c ffÄ
Äffllffr
rWW ooffqqvv mmz
cz
c ffÄ
Äffllffr
r
sp ncâk Ivp bfmfspv zfso-disY iVf rq kf rt lcƒ iajfv. iaKm iajfv rt, ncâfsk
mczfÄflfr hf ncâfsk vfskhfr. zfv däkDq rt, ncâfsk ofqv mczfÄflfr hf ofqv
vfskhfr. (dInc} …lGc 160ix} û})

nnâ
câ
c ffssk
k mmz
cz
c ffÄ
Äffllffr
r hhff vvffssk
khhffr
r
ncâfsk mczfÄflfr snƒ ncâk bfmfp, pf mrfbhD  Ivp bfmfspv zfso-disY dbsu
isVsYb ˆhQ …©mksj iVsk kfjDl, …äcÝ W zbciafdBk jsvsYb.
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªsp sjfb mcndtm hf¦lf iakAr zfïfr kfzftfv …sÜswA
hfsvf vfjzfk bIt (Ivp hAkDk ncâk) bfmfp iVstƒ zfïfr kfzftf ufâfsk kfv
ubA ˆj oxr dbmGfB jsvb. zKhf kfv ubA ufâfsk ˆj Ov dbmGfB jvf rq.« (mc}
728bQ, zflf}, bf}, dk})
dkvdmpDv hBGbfq djYc wè zdLj vsqsY, ª(‰ hfsvf vfjzfk bfmfp;) spfrsvv
(Ivspv) iCshG yfv vfjzfk W isv lcƒ vfjzfk, mfosvshv isv lcƒ vfjzfk, ˆwfv
isv lcƒ vfjzfk, zfv Iusvv (Ivp bfmfspv) iCshG lcƒ vfjzfk.«
rpvk zfsqwf
/@"+
5‫
א‬/{ rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt  hstsYb,
ªsp hAdÙÁ dbqmdbôHfsh dlhfvfsÛ hfsvf vfjzfk bfmfp iVsh sn ufâfsk iashw
jvsh; spfrsvv (Ivp bfmfspv) iCshG (ˆj nftfsm) yfv vfjzfk W isv lcƒ vfjzfk,
mfosvshv iv lcƒ vfjzfk, ˆwfv iv lcƒ vfjzfk ˆhQ Iusvv (Ivspv) iCshG lcƒ
vfjzfk.« (bf}, ˆhQ wèocdt k]fvƒ, dk}, ƒmf}, nkf} 577bQ)

I
Iuussvvvv i
iCsCshhG G llcƒ
cƒ vvffj
jzzffk
k nnâ
câ
c k
k
 ˆƒ bfmfspv IpDtk }
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285

rpvk zfsqwf
/@"+
5‫
א‬/{ rsk hdBGk, bhD  hstb, ªIusvv lcƒ vfjzfk
(ncâk) ixdKhD W k¦mLAd²¿k njt h²Â zsi[f …Ùm.« (mcndtm 725bQ, dkvdmpD)
mf zfsqwf
/@"+
5‫ {
א‬hstb, `bhD  Iusvv ncâskv mk zbA sjfb bIt bfmfsp
kk dbôf ialwGb jvskb bf.' (zf}, hc}, mc})
rpvk zfhc …mfmf
rsk hdBGk, bhD  hstsYb, ª(Iusvv nmq) sp hAdÙÁ
(öoxsr) Wpc jsv. zk}iv mndusl ˆsn Iusvv (Ivp) bfmfspv iCshG lcƒ vfjzfk
bfmfp isV. zk}iv hsn (zsi[f j'sv) Iusvv bfmfp (ufmfzfsk) isV, snƒ
hAdÙÁv sndlbjfv bfmfp sbj stfjslv bfmfpv™si dtdihÝ jvf rq. zfv kfv bfm
ivm jv¢Bfmq (zfïfrv) iadkdbdLlstv kfdtjfHcÙÁ rq.« (k¶fh}, nkf} 413bQ)
 ˆ bfmfpsj rfîf jsv iVf }
rpvk rfInf (vf}) hstb, bhD  Iusvv bfmfspv iCshG zfmfv Osv lcƒ vfjzfk
ncâk iVskb ˆhQ kf Jchƒ rfîf jsv iVskb.' (zf}, hc}, mc})
rpvk zfsqwf
/@"+
5‫
א‬/{ hstb, ` bhD  Iusvv bfmfspv iCshG lcƒ vfjzfk
bfmfp iVskb ˆhQ kf ˆk nQs[si iVskb sp, zfdm ns¦lr jvkfm, dkdb kfsk
nCvf Ifdkrf iVstb dj bf.' (zf})
 ˆ bfmfspv dj¶vfzfk }
ˆƒ bfmfspv iaKm vfjzfsk bhD mchfwXdwv  nCvf jfdIv™b ˆhQ däkDq vfjzfsk
nCvf ƒJtfn (j¶t
c ùWqfïfù zfrfl) iVskb. (mc} 726, zflf} 1256, dk} 417, ƒmf} 1149bQ)
dkdb htskb, ª…Ùm nCvf sn lcde, sp lcde Iusvv iCshG lcƒ vfjzfsk iVf rq; `j¶ct
ƒqf zfƒqcArft jfdIv™b' ˆhQ `j¶ct ùWqfïfù zfrfl.« (ƒmf} 1150, ƒdr}, hf} ðzfhct
„mfb, dnn} 646bQ)
jJsbf jJsbf dkdb ˆƒ bfmfspv iaKm vfjzfsk nCvf hfj¶fvfv 136 bQ zfqfk ˆhQ
däkDq vfjzfsk nCvf zfst ƒmvfsbv 64bQ zfqfk ifE jvskb. (mc} 727bQ, ƒJc}, rf}, hf})
zfhfv sjfb sjfb nmsq iaKm vfjzfsk nCvf hfj¶fvfv 136bQ zfqfk ˆhQ däkDq
vfjzfsk nCvf zfst ƒmvfsbv 52 bQ zfqfk iVskb. (zflf} 1259bQ)
ˆ YfVf Iusvv ncâk rfîf jsv iVf ncâk. zkˆh kfsk pdl sjht nCvf Ifdkrf
iVf pfq, kfrstW ShL. (dInc})
iajfw Kfsj sp, Iusvv ncâk iVfv iv dbdlGó sjfb lczf iVfv rflDn nrDr bq.
(kfdm} 238-239ix})

 ˆƒ bfmfspv iv Ffbjfsk wqb }

rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `bhD  pJb Iusvv ncâk isV dbskb, kJb Ffb
jfsk wqb jvskb.' (hc}, mc}, dm} 1190bQ)
nnf¶ f¶ t
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ch
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286

dkdb zfsvf hstb, `bhD  Iusvv ncâk iVskb. kfviv pdl zfdm Ocdmsq Kfjkfm
kfrst dkdb wqb jvskb. bsy{, zfdm suso Kfjst dkdb zfmfv nsÌ jKf htskb.'
(zf}, hc}, mc}, nczf}, dm} 1189bQ)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv sj… pJb Iusvv lcƒ vfjzfk ncâk isV sbq, kJb
sn spb Ffb jfsk wqb jsv.« (zflf}, dk}, ƒdr}, ƒJc}, nuf} 642bQ)
n©Hhk} …ÙÁ wqb sp hAdÙÁ kfrfÏcl iVsh kfv ubA ncâk. pfsk ˆjefbf bfmfp
iVfv iv Ivp bfmfp iVfv zfso ˆjec dudvsq dbsk ifsv. iv§Â kfv ubA ncâk bq,
sp ˆjhfv mfdesk ifw¶G vfJst yeX jsv Ocdmsq isV ˆhQ kfv Ist Iusvv ufmfzfkƒ
Ycse pfq. (mcm} 4/100)
klbcv™i …ÙÁ wqb sp hAdÙÁ hfnfq ncâk iVsh kfv ubA ncâk W mc²Àfrfh. i[f§Àsv
sp mndusl ncâk iVsh kfv ubA mc²Àfrfh bq. jfvB, mrfbhD -ˆv wqsbv jKf k]fv
hfnfq Kfjf zh²¿fq …sïJ rsqsY. mndusl ncâk isV sp dkdb wqb jvskb, kfv
…sïJ sbƒ. ƒhsb …mfv …ÙÁ mk sifNB jvskb. kfƒ mndusl sj… Iusvv ncâskv
iv wqb jvst kfsj j]fjv Y]csV …dEsq dlskb. (Ihf}, ƒzfwf}, dInc} 1/166)
ˆƒ ubAƒ Iusvv ncâskv iv mndusl wqbsj zsbsj dhlzfk hst m§ÀhA
jsvsYb. (mcdh} 337ix})
ˆƒ bfmfspv jfpf }
zbAfbA ncâfsk mczfÄflfr bfmfspv kctbfq …ÙÁ bfmfspv ˆk shwD Èv¢k¶ sp,
mrfbhD  Osv-nIsv kf iVskb ˆhQ kf Ycse sost jfpf jvsk …äcÝ jvskb.
ˆjlf mrfbhD  nfrfhfhsoGv nfsK ˆj nIsv dYstb. Iusvv bfmfspv nmq njst
oHDvHfsh Ocdmsq Kfjst nmq …ÙDBG rsq sot. nCspGv Yef k]fslv mcsJ tfost sykb
rstb. zk}iv ˆjec nsv dosq mrfbhD  dhtft
-sj zfpfb dlsk htstb. ˆviv
Iusvv lcƒ vfjzfk ncâk iVstb. kfviv ƒjfmk dlsq Iusvv Ivp iVstb.
(zf}, hc},mc} 681bQ)
…ÙÁ bfmfp jfpf jvfv lcde nmq rflDsn hdBGk rsqsY. Iusvv iv sjfb bIt iVf
dbdNÝ rstW Iusvv zfso Ycse pfWqf ncâksj Ivspv iv iVf pfq. zfv ˆde rt
hAdkÛÁm bfmfp. ˆjlf ˆj hAdÙÁ mndusl ˆsn slJt zfïfrv bhD  Iusvv Ivp
iVsYb. sn ncâk bf isV ufmfzfsk wfdmt rsq sot. zk}iv ufmfzfk swsN …sE
Iusvv Ycse pfWqf lcƒ vfjzfk ncâk zflfq jvt. mrfbhD  kfv jfsY ˆsn
htstb, ªˆde zfhfv sjfbX bfmfp? (Iusvv bfmfp dj lcƒhfv?)« stfjde htt,
`Iusvv lcƒ vfjzfk ncâk Ycse dosqdYt.' ˆ jKf ðsb dkdb zfv djYcƒ htstb bf
(yci Kfjstb). (zf}, zflf} 1267, dk}, ƒmf} 1154, ƒJc}, ƒdr})
zfv ˆj rflDsn mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ Iusvv 2 vfjzfk (ncâk) bf isV
Kfsj, sn spb kf nCpG WEfv iv isV sbq.« (zf}, dk}, rf}, ƒJc}, dnn} 283, nuf} 6542bQ)
nnf¶ f¶ t
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287

ˆƒ bfmfp dhNqj zfsvf djYc mfnfsqt }

mndusl ˆsn ncâfsk mczfÄflfr iVst ixKj zfv kfdrqAfkct mndul bfmfp iVfv
iasqfub rq bf. dj§Â sj… pdl kf isV ncâfsk mczfÄflfr isV kfrstW sjfb [dk
rq bf. khcW Iusvv nmq …Ùm rt kfdrqAfkct mfndul bf isV sjht Iusvv ncâk
iVf. jfvB, mrfbhD  Iusvv ncâkƒ hV nQs[si iVskb. (Ifkfufmf} 17-18ix})
kfYfVf dkdb hstsYb, ªskfmfslv msLA …id²¿k hAdÙÁ
zbcid²¿k hAdÙÁsj spb si]ZsY
slq sp, Iusvv (zfpfsbv) iv lc' vfjzfk (ncâk) YfVf zfv sjfb (bIt) bfmfp
isVf bf.« (zf}, zflf} 1278 bQ) ªIusvv iv lcƒ vfjzfk YfVf zfv sjfb bfmfp
sbƒ.« (dk}, ƒo} 478, nuf} 7511bQ)

ssppffr
rssvvvv nnâ
câ
c k
k
bhD mchfwXdwv  spfrsvv ncâk jJsbf 4 vfjzfk iVskb; 2 vfjzfk Ivspv iCshG
ˆhQ 2 vfjzfk Ivspv isv.
ƒhsb …mfv
hstb, `zfdm bhD -ˆv dbje sKsj 10 vfjzfk bfmfp ±mvsB
svsJdY; 2 vfjzfk spfrsvv iCshG, 2 vfjzfk spfrsvv isv, 2 vfjzfk mfosvshv
isv dbu Osv, 2 vfjzfk ˆwfv isv dbu Osv ˆhQ 2 vfjzfk Iusvv bfmfspv
iCshG.' (hc}, mc}, dm} 1160bQ)
jJsbf 6 vfjzfk iVskb; 4 vfjzfk Ivspv iCshG ˆhQ 2 vfjzfk Ivspv isv.
zfècïfr dhb wfjDj mf zfsqwf (vf})sj zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv ncâk iansÌ iaw´
jvst …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `dkdb spfrsvv zfso 4 vfjzfk ˆhQ spfrsvv isv 2
vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb.' (zf}, mc}, zflf}, dm} 1162bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªsp sjfb mcndtm hf¦lf iakAr zfïfr kfzftfv …sÜswA
hfsvf vfjzfk bIt (Ivp hAkDk ncâk) bfmfp iVstƒ zfïfr kfzftf ufâfsk kfv
ubA ˆj oxr dbmGfB jsvb. zKhf kfv ubA ufâfsk ˆj Ov dbmGfB jvf rq. (‰ hfsvf
vfjzfk bfmfp;) spfrsvv (Ivspv) iCshG yfv vfjzfk W isv lcƒ vfjzfk, mfosvshv
isv lcƒ vfjzfk, ˆwfv isv lcƒ vfjzfk, zfv Iusvv (Ivp bfmfspv) iCshG lcƒ
vfjzfk.« (mc}, dk}, dm} 1159bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt  hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ dbqmdbôHfsh dlhfvfsÛ hfsvf vfjzfk bfmfp
iVsh sn ufâfsk iashw jvsh; spfrsvv (Ivp bfmfspv) iCshG yfv vfjzfk W isv lcƒ
vfjzfk, mfosvshv iv lcƒ vfjzfk, ˆwfv iv lcƒ vfjzfk ˆhQ Iusvv (Ivspv)
iCshG lcƒ vfjzfk.« (bf}, wèocdt k]fvƒ, dk}, ƒmf}, nkf}577bQ)
dkdb jJsbf hf 8 vfjzfk iVskb; 4 vfjzfk Ivspv iCshG ˆhQ 4 vfjzfk
Ivspv isv.
rpvk …s©m rfhDhf
/@"+
5‫
א‬/{ jkxj G hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfdm zfïfrv vnCt 
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288

ˆv dbje wcsbdY, dkdb hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ spfrsvv iCshG 4 vfjzfk ˆhQ isv 4
vfjzfk (ncâk bfmfspv) iadk ndhswN pk´hfb rsh, zfïfr kfsj ufrfâfsmv ubA
rfvfm jsv slshb.« (zf}, nczf}, dm} 1167, nkf} 581bQ)
zfècïfr dhb nfsqh hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt  nCpG Ttfv iv spfrsvv zfso 4
vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb ˆhQ htskb, ªˆef rt ˆmb nmq, sp nmsq zfnmfsbv
lvufnmCr …¦mcÙÁ jvf rq. zfv zfdm iY¦l jdv sp, ˆƒ nmsq zfmfv sbj zfmt
…dÚk srfj.« (dk}, dm} 1169bQ)
iajfw Kfsj sp, spfrsvv iCshG hf isv ‰ 4 vfjzfk jsv bfmfp 2 vfjzfk jsv isV
nftfm dIvf …Ùm. jfvB, mrfbhD  hstb, ªvfk W dlsbv bfmfp 2 vfjzfk jsv.«
(zflf}) ksh ˆjefbf 4 vfjzfk ˆj nftfsm iVf ShL. (dnn} 1/477) zhwA iCshGv 4
vfjzfk ˆj nftfsmƒ iVf …Ùm. sjbbf, mrfbhD  hstb, ªspfrsvv iCshG 4
vfjzfk; pfv mfsU sjfb nftfm sbƒ, kfv ubA zfnmfsbv lvufnmCr …¦mcÙÁ jvf
rq.« (zflf} 1270, ƒmf} 1157, ƒJc} 1214, nuf} 885bQ)
zfhC zfƒqch zfbnfvD
hstb, bhD  nCpG Ttfv nmq 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iakAr
iVskb. ˆjlf zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb nCpG Ttfv nmq ˆƒ 4
vfjzfk iakAr iVsYb?' dkdb htstb, ªnCpG Ttfv nmq zfnmfsbv lvufnmCr sJftf
rq ˆhQ spfrsvv bfmfp bf iVf ipG§À há jvf rq bf. zkˆh zfdm iY¦l jdv sp, ˆƒ
nmq zfmfv sbj zfmt (zfjfsw zfïfrv dbje) …Efsbf srfj.« zfdm httfm, `kfv
iaskAj vfjzfskƒ dj dj¶vfzfk zfsY?' dkdb htstb, ªr]Af.« zfdm httfm, `kfv
mfsU dj ixKjjfvD nftfm zfsY?' dkdb htstb, ªbf.« (mcJkfnfv¢w wfmfƒdtt
mcrf©mfdlqAfr, zfthfbD 249bQ)
zhwA zsbsjv msk ‰ bfmfp pfWqfstv ncâk. iv§Â spfrsvv iCshGv 4 vfjzfk lcƒ
nftfsmW iVf pfq.
ksh mndusl dosq iVst ufmfzfskv nmq sJqft svsJ ˆj nftfm hf 2 nftfsmv
dbqk jvsk rq. pfsk nmq nQjDBG rst ˆhQ 3 vfjzfk iCBG bf rsk rsk ƒjfmk bf
rsq hsn. bsy{, ncâk kAfo jsv ufmfzfsk wfdmt rsk rst nhecjcƒ hvhfl pfsh.
i[f§Àsv 2 vfjzfk jsv iVst bó rWqfv Hq Kfsj bf.
ˆƒ ncâskv jfpf }
ncâk jfpf iVf ncâk; uv¢vD bq. jfvBhwk} spfrsvv iCshGv ncâk iVsk bf ifvst
Ivspv isv kf jfpf jvf dhsLq. rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `bhD  spfrsvv iCshGv
4 vfjzfk iVsk bf ifvst (Ivspv) isv kf isV dbskb.' (dk}, kfdm} 241ix})
klbcv™i spfrsvv isvv ncâk iVsk nmq bf sisq spfrsvv zÙÁX zdkhfdrk rstW
zfnsvv iv (dbdNÝ nmq rstW) kf jfpf iVf pfq. …s©m nftfmfr (vf}) hstb,
nnf¶ f¶ t
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289

`ˆjlf zfïfrv vnCt  spfrsvv (Ivp) bfmfp iVstb. ƒdk zhnsv djYc (nfljfv)
mft ˆsn …id²¿k rt. dkdb kf h¦eb jvsk hnstb. ˆviv zfnsvv zfpfb rsq
sot. dkdb zfnsvv bfmfp iVstb. kfviv zfmfv Osv dIsv ˆstb. sndlb dYt
zfmfv (Osv k]fv Kfjfv ifdt). dkdb ˆsn 2 vfjzfk rfîf jsv bfmfp iVstb.
zfmvf httfm, `ˆ 2 vfjzfk sjfbX bfmfp sr zfïfrv vnCt? zfidb dj kf iVsk
zfdló rsqsYb?' dkdb htstb, ªbf, zfnst ˆef rt snƒ 2 vfjzfk bfmfp, pf zfdm
spfrsvv iv isV Kfdj. dj§Â zfu ˆƒ mft ˆsn sost kf h¦eb jvsk hA²À rsq iVst
zfnsvv zfpfb rsq pfq. Ist ‰ bfmfp zfmfv hfl isV pfq. zfv kf sYsV dlskW
zfdm ziY¦l jvtfm.« (zf}, hc}, mc}, zflf})
zfv ˆ jKf dhdlk sp, mrfbhD  sp zfmt ˆjhfv jvskb, kf dbqdmk jsv spskb
ˆhQ huGb jvsk iY¦l jvskb bf. pfv ubA mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt
 zfnsvv iv zfmfv jfsY 2 vfjzfk (k]fv ƒd§Àjft zhdL) jJsbf kAfo jsvbdb.'
(hc}, mc}, dm} 1178bQ)
…sïJA sp, ‰ 2 vfjzfk bfmfp mrfbhD -ˆv zbcjvsB zfmvfW iVsk ifdv.
zhwA zfnsvv iv dbdNÝ nmq rstW nCpG rtclhBG rst kshƒ sn nmq bfmfp dbdNÝ.
(zflf} 1274bQ) kfv zfso bq. (dh²Àfdvk û} dnn} 6/1010-1014)
mfosvshv ncâk }
iCshGv jsqjde rflDsn …sïJ rsqsY sp, mfosvshv iv 2 vfjzfk ncâk mrfbhD 
kAfo jvskb bf. ksh ˆƒ ncâk dkdb Osv iVskb. ˆjlf mfosvshv iv dkdb
htstb, ªˆƒ 2 vfjzfk skfmvf dbu dbu Osv dosq iV.« (zf}, zflf}, dk}, bf}, dm} 1182bQ)
mfosvshv ncâskW Iusvv ncâskv mkƒ iaKm vfjzfsk nCvf jfdIv™b ˆhQ däkDq
vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn iVf ncâk. rpvk ƒhsb mfn†l
hstb, `zfdm Èbsk ifdv
bf sp, bhD  mfosvshv iv W Iusvv iCshGv ncâsk jkhfv nCvf jfdIv™b W nCvf
ƒJtfn ifE jsvsYb.' (dk} 431, ƒmf} 1161bQ)
ˆwfv ncâk }
iCshGv ˆjfdLj rflDsn …sïJ rsqsY sp, ˆwfv isv mrfbhD  2 vfjzfk ncâk
dbsuv Osv iVskb. i[f§Àsv ˆwfv bfmfp iv hfdV dIsv k]fv 4 zKhf 6 vfjzfk
bfmfp iVfv rflDn nrDr bq.
iajfw Kfsj sp, ncâk bfmfp Osv iVfv ncspfo bf Kfjst zKhf nQnfsvv hA²Àkfq
iVfv zhnv bf rst kf mnduslƒ isV sbWqf pfq.

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290

djYc ncâk zfsY pf iVf mc²Àfrfh, dj§Â kfjDliafå bq. ˆmb djYc ncâk bfmfp dbm´v™i}-
zfnsvv iCshG 2 zKhf 4 vfjzfk }
rpvk ƒhsb …mfv
rsk hdBGk, bhD  hstb, ªzfïfr snƒ hAdÙÁv iadk jxif
jsvb sp zfnsvv iCshG 4 vfjzfk bfmfp isV.« (zf}, zflf}, dk}, ƒJc}, ƒdr}, nkf} 584bQ)
rpvk zftD
hstb, `bhD  zfnsvv iCshG 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb ˆhQ
iaskAj lcƒ vfjzfsk zfïfrv dbjehkGD dIdvñf, zfdìqf W k]fslv zbcnfvD mcdmb-
mcndtmslv iadk nftfm (kfwfrùl) dlsq kf ixKj jvskb. zfv nhGswsN nftfm
dIvskb.' (zf}, dk}, bf}, ƒmf}, dnn} 237bQ)
t[BDq sp, zfnsvv (dlsbv) 4 vfjzfk dhdwó ncâk bfmfp ˆj nftfsmW iVf ShL.
ˆ YfVf mrfbhD  hstb, ªiaskAj zfpfb W ƒjfmskv mfsU bfmfp zfsY. (sp
iVsk yfq kfv ubA.) (hc}, mc}, nczf}, nuf} 2850bQ) zfv sn bfmfp jmis[ 2 vfjzfk.
spmb mrfbhD  hstb, ªˆmb sjfb Ivp bfmfp sbƒ, pfv iCshG 2 vfjzfk bfmfp
sbƒ.« (ƒdr}, k¶fh}, dnn} 232, nuf} 5730bQ) zhwA rpvk zftD
jkGjx 2 vfjzfskv hBGbfW
zfhC lf†sl ˆsnsY. dj§Â kf nrDr bq. (pzflf} 235bQ, kfdm} 241ix})
mfosvshv zfso 2 vfjzfk }
mfosvshv zfpfsbv iv ˆhQ Ivp bfmfspv iCshG 2 vfjzfk ncâk ofqv mczfÄflfr.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmvf mfosvshv iCshG bfmfp iV. skfmvf mfosvshv iCshG bfmfp
iV.« zk}iv kxkDqhfsv dkdb hstb, ªsp yfq sn iVsh.« ˆ jKf htfv jfvB, dkdb
‰ bfmfpsj stfsjslv (uv¢vD) ncâk msb jsv sbWqfsj ziY¦l jvstb. (hc}, mc}, dm}
1165bQ)
zfbfn
hstb, `zfmvf mlDbfq dYtfm. mczfpXdpb pJb mfosvshv zfpfb dlk,
kJb stfsjvf iadkspfdokfv nfsK mnduslv JfìfÈstfv iÇyfsk 2 vfjzfk bfmfp
iVsk stso spk.
ˆmbdj pdl sjfb zufbf stfj
ˆsn mndusl iashw jvk, kfrst

ˆk stfsjv bfmfp iVf slsJ sn msb jvk, rqskf mfosvshv ufmfzfk rsq sosY.
(ˆhQ Wvf isvv ncâk iVsY.)' (mc}, dm} 1180 bQ)
ˆ bfmfp mrfbhD  isVsYb hst sjfb nrDr iamfB sbƒ. (kfdm} 242ix}) hvQ rpvk
zfbfn hstb, `zfmvf zfïfrv vnct -ˆv pcso nCpG sFfhfv iv mfosvshv bfmfspv
zfso 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVkfm.' ˆ jKf ðsb kfshqD mcJkfv dhb IctIct k]fsj
duÎfnf jvstb, `zfïfrv vnCt  dj ‰ 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb?' …Ùsv zfbfn

htstb, `dkdb zfmfslvsj kf iVsk slJskb. dj§Â sn hAfifsv zfmfslvsj djYc

zfslwW jvskb bf ˆhQ dbsNLW jvskb bf.' (mc}, dm} 1179bQ)
ˆwfv iCshG 2 vfjzfk }
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291

mrfbhD  hstb,
ªiaskAj zfpfb W
ƒjfmskv mfsU bfmfp zfsY.« ˆƒv™i

dkbhfv htfv iv swsN htstb, ªsp yfƒsh kfv ubA.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 662bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªˆmb sjfb Ivp bfmfp sbƒ, pfv iCshG 2 vfjzfk bfmfp sbƒ.«
(ƒdr}, k¶fh}, dnn} 232, nuf} 5730bQ) zKGf{, iaskAj Ivp bfmfspv iCshG 2 vfjzfk
bfmfp zfsY. nckvfQ ˆwfv Ivspv iCshGW zfsY. ksh kf ncâfsk ofqv mczfÄflfr.
mrfbhD  ˆwfv isv 4 vfjzfk bfmfpW Osv dosq iVskb. ƒhsb zfêfn

hstb, ˆj vfsÛ zfmfv Jftf mfqmCbfv Osv ðtfm. slJtfm, bhD  ˆwfv bfmfp isV
ˆstb ˆhQ 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVstb. (zf}, hc} 117bQ, zflf}, bf})

k
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c bbffmmffpp
vfskv db}Ucm idvshsw pJb nhfƒ Ocdmsq Kfsj, dbûfv zfshsw mfbcN pJb mrfb
nxdójkGf W iadkiftsjv jKf dhn¹xk rq, snƒ nmq zfïfrv djYc Jfn hf¦lf dbûf,
zfvfm-zfsqw W ²ÃDv wpAf kAfo jsv zfïfrsj dhswNHfsh n¹vB jvfv ubA, k]fv nfsK
mcbfufsk dbmo´ rWqfv ubA …sE WpC jsv kfrfÏcl isVb. zfïfrv [mf tfH jvsk
iaqfn ifb. sysq sbb zfïfrv jfsY zsbj djYc. dbÇyq sn hf¦lfoB hV HfoAhfb, zfv
dbÇyq sn bfmfp hV Èv¢k¶ W mfrfk¹AiCBG.

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ˆƒƒ bbffmmffssppvv mmffr
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ˆƒ bfmfspv jKf …sïJ jvk} mrfb zfïfr k]fv vnCt mcrf©mfl -sj nsìfLb jsv
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zKGf{, vfskv djYc zQsw kfrfÏcl bfmfp iV; ˆ skfmfv ubA ˆjde zdkdvÙÁ
jkGhA. zfwf jvf pfq skfmfv iadkiftj skfmfsj mfjfsm mfrmCsl (iawQdnk ²¿fsb)
iadkdôk jvshb. (jc} 17/79)
ªsr h²Ã zf¤YflbjfvD (bhD)! …ifnbfv ubA vfdÛsk …E (ufovB jv); vfdÛv djYc
zQw hfl dlsq; zLGvfdÛ zKhf klsi[f z¬i. zKhf klsi[f shwD. jcvzfb
sktfzk jv LDsv LDsv ±ió W nc¦lvHfsh. zfdm skfmfv …iv zhkDBG jsvdY
ocv¢k¶iCBG hfBD. ƒhflskv ubA vfdÛ ufovB oHDv zdHdbshw W r™lqÌm jvfv is[
zdkwq zbcjCt.« (jc} 73/1-5)
ªvfdÛsk k]fv iadk dnulfhbk rW ˆhQ vfdÛv lDOG nmq k]fv idhÛkf W mdrmf
sOfNBf jv.« (jc} 76/26)
ˆ nsìfLb mrfbhDv ubA rstW k]fv zbcnvB jvsk mcndtm …©mfr zbciafdBk
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rsqsY.
p]fvf kfrfÏcl isVb, k]fvf zhwAƒ n{stfj, mrfb zfïfrv jxif W zbcoasrv
zdLjfvD. mrfb zfïfr hstb,

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zKGf{, dbÇyqƒ ivsrpofvoB shsrñ W ianahsB zh²¿fb jvsh. kfslv iadkiftj
kfslvsj pf slshb kf …isHfo jvsh. jfvB, ifdKGh uDhsb kfvf dYt n{jmGivfqB.
kfvf vfdÛv nfmfbA zQwƒ dbûfq zdkhfdrk jvk. vfdÛv swN iarsv kfvf [mf iafKGbf
jvk. (jc} 51/15-18)
vfdÛ ufovB jsv ƒhflk jvf vrmfsbv hf¦lfosBv ÈB. dkdb hstb,

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zKGf{, vrmfsbv hf¦lf kfvf, pfvf HCisx ô bmaHfsh ytfsIvf jsv ˆhQ kfslvsj pJb
zÎ hAdÙÁvf nsìfLb jsv kJb kfvf iawf§ÀHfsh uhfh slq. zfv kfvf kfslv
iadkiftsjv …sÜswA dnulfhbk rsq W làfqmfb sKsj vfdÛ zdkhfdrk jsv. (jc}
25/63-64)
ˆƒ swaBDv mfbcNslv ubA zfïfr „mfsbv nf[A dlsqsYb. dkdb hstb,

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zKGf{, sjht kfvfƒ zfmfv zfqfknmCsrv iadk „mfb vfsJ, pfvf Wv äfvf …idló
rst dnulfq tcdesq isV ˆhQ kfslv iadkiftsjv niawQn idhÛkf W mdrmf sOfNBf
jsv ˆhQ zrQjfv jsv bf. kfvf wpAf kAfo jsv zfwfq W zfwQjfq kfslv
iadkiftjsj Ffsj ˆhQ zfdm kfslvsj sp v¢pD lfb jsvdY kf rsk kfvf hAq jsv.
sj…ƒ ufsb bf kfslv ubA kfslv jxkjsmGv bqb-iaDdkjv dj icvõfv vd[k zfsY.
ˆ rt kfslv jxkjsmGv iadklfb. (nCvf dnulfr 15-16 zfqfk)
kfvf zhwAƒ k]fslv mk bq, pfvf k]fslv mk vfdÛ ufovB jsv mrfb zfïfrv
ƒhflk jsv bf. dkdb hstb,

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zKGf{, sp hAdÙÁ vfdÛjfst dnulfhbk rsq ˆhQ làfqmfb sKsj ƒhflk jsv,
ivjftsj Hq jsv ˆhQ kfv iadkiftsjv zbcoar iakAfwf jsv (sn dj kfv nmfb, sp
kf jsv bf?) ht, pfvf ufsb ˆhQ pfvf ufsb bf kfvf …Hsq dj ˆj nmfb?
shfLwdÙÁn©iâ stfsjvfƒ sjht …islw oarB jsv Kfsj. (jc} 39/9)
rpvk zfhc ùvfƒvf
rsk hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA sj…
pJb Ocdmsq Kfsj kJb wqkfb kfv mfKfv swNfQsw (OfsV) dkbde o]fe smsv slq.
iaskAj o]fsev nmq ˆƒ m§Ã isV zdHHCk jsv slq, `skfmfv ˆJsbf tìf vfk hfjD.
nckvfQ ˆJbW OcmfW.' zk}iv sn pdl suso zfïfrv dpjXv jsv, ksh ˆjde h]fLb
Jcst pfq, zk}iv Wpc jvst zfv ˆjde h]fLb Jcst pfq, zk}iv bfmfp iVst njt
h]fLbocstfƒ Jcst pfq. Ist Iusvv nmq sn …lAm W ±IcdkGHvf mb dbsq WsE. bkchf
(kfrfÏcl bf iVst) zftnAHvf HfvD mb dbsq sn Iusv …sE.« (mf}, hc}1142bQ, mc}
776bQ, zflf}, bf}, ƒmf})
zfhc ùvfƒvf
rsk hdBGk dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt  hstsYb, ªvmpfsbv iv
nhGswaô svfpf rt zfïfrv mfn mcrfvGfsmv svfpf. zfv Ivp bfmfspv iv nhGswaô bfmfp
rt vfskv (kfrfÏcslv) bfmfp.« (mc} 1163bQ, zflf}, dk}, bf}, ƒJc})
rpvk zfècïfr dhb nftfm
rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfdm bhD  ˆv hfBD rsk
nhGiaKm pf wcsbdY kf rt, ªsr mfbcN! skfmvf nftfm iayfv jv, zâlfb jv, Îfdk-
háb z[câ vfJ ˆhQ stfsjvf pJb Ocdmsq Kfsj kJb skfmvf bfmfp iV. ˆsk skfmvf
dbdhGsO´ ufâfsk iashw jvsk ifvsh.« (dk}, ƒmf}, rf},nkf} 610bQ)
rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfmXv
rsk hdBGk, bhD  hstb, ªufâfskv msLA ˆmb
ˆjde j[ zfsY pfv hfdrsvv zQw dHkv sKsj ˆhQ dHksvv zQw hfdrv sKsj slJf
pfsh.« kf wcsb zfhc mfstj zfwzfvD
htstb, `sn j[ jfv ubA rsh, sr zfïfrv
vnCt?' dkdb htstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ …Ùm jKf hst, zâlfb jsv W stfsjvf pJb Ocdmsq
Kfsj kJb bfmfsp vk rq; kfv ubA.« (k¶fhfvfbD, rfsjm, nrDr kfvoDh 611bQ)
rpvk ufshv
iamcJf{ hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfdm zfïfrv vnCt  sj htsk
wcsbdY, dkdb hstsYb, ªvfdÛjfst ˆmb ˆj mcrCkG vsqsY pJbƒ kf tfH jsv mcndtm
hAdÙÁ ƒr-ivjfstv sjfb jtAfB zfïfrv dbje iafKGbf jsv kJbƒ dkdb kfsj kf
ialfb jsv Kfsjb. zbcv™i iaskAj vfdÛskƒ ‰ mcrCkG zfdhHCk G rsq Kfsj.« (mc} 757bQ)
rpvk zfhc …mfmfr hfsrtD
rsk hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, skfmvf
kfrfÏcslv bfmfsp zHAfnD rW. jfvB, kf skfmfslv iChk G b sbj hf¦lfslv zHAfn;
skfmfslv iaHvc SbjeAlfbjfvD W ifi[ftbjfvD ˆhQ sofbfr rsk dhvkjfvD
zfmt.« (dkvdmpD, ƒhsb zfdhÜcbqAf, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmfr, rfsjm, nrDr kfvoDh 618 bQ)
rpvk zfhc ùvfƒvf
W zfhc nf„l JclvD
rsk hdBGk, k]fvf hstb, zfïfrv
vnCt  hstsYb, ªsjfb hAdÙÁ pJb kfv ²ÃDsj vfsÛ Ocm sKsj ufdosq …Hsq
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kfrfÏcslv bfmfp isV zKhf lcƒ vfjfzfk bfmfp isV kJb kfslv iaskAsjv bfm
(zfïfrv) dpjXvjfvD W dpjXvjfdvBDslv kfdtjfHcÙÁ rq.« (zflf}, bf}, ƒmf}, ƒdr}, rf}
nkf} 620 bQ)
rpvk zfhc lfvlf
jkxj G hdBGk, bhD  hstb, ªdkb hAdÙÁsj zfïfr Hfstfhfsnb,
kfslv iadk (n§Âó rsq) rfsnb ˆhQ kfslv jfvsB JcwD rb; (iaKm) snƒ hAdÙÁ pfv
dbje ölstv ivfuq iajfw sist dbsuv ufb dlsq zfïfr zfpXpf zufïfv Wqfs²À pcÝ
jsv. ˆsk sn rq wrDl rsq pfq bkchf zfïfr kfsj nfrfpA (dhuqD) jsvb W dkdbƒ
kfv ubA psKó rb. kJb zfïfr hstb, `zfmfv ˆƒ hf¦lfsj skfmvf t[A jv, zfmfv
ubA dbsuv iafB dlsq sjmb SLpG LsvsY?'
(däkDq) snƒ hAdÙÁ pfv zfsY nc¦lvD ²ÃD ˆhQ bvm W nc¦lv dhYfbf. dj§Â sn (ˆnh
kAfo jsv) vfsÛ …sE bfmfp isV. ˆv ubA zfïfr hstb, `sn dbsuv iahdx Ùsj lmb
jsv zfmfsj n¹vB jvsY, zKy ƒ¤Yf jvst sn dblaf …isHfo jvsk ifvk.'
zfv (kxkDq) snƒ hAdÙÁ sp nIsv Kfsj. kfv nsÌ Kfsj jfsItf. djYc vfdÛ ufovB
jsv njst Ocsm Tst isV. dj§Â sn swNvfsÛ …sE jó W zfvfsmv nmq bfmfp isV.«
(k¶fhfvfbD jfhDv, nrDr kfvoDh 623 bQ)
rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfmXv dhb zfn
jkxj G hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt 
hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ 10de zfqfk bfmfsp isV sn …lfnDbslv kfdtjfHcÙÁ rq bf, sp
100de zfqfk bfmfsp isV sn zfshlslv kfdtjfHcÙÁ rq. zfv sp 1000de zfqfk
bfmfsp isV sn zuna nWqfh zuGbjfvDslv kfdtjfHcÙÁ rq.« (zfhc lf†l, ƒhsb
Jcpfƒmfr, nrDr kfvoDh 633 bQ)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªzfmfv jfsY duhvDt ˆsn htstb, sr mcrf©mfl! pk ƒ¤Yf sh]sy
Kfjcb, zfidb mfvf pfshbƒ. pfsj ƒ¤Yf Hfstf hfncb, zfidb kfv jfY sKsj dhd¤Yâ
rshb. pf ƒ¤Yf kfƒ zfmt jv¢b, zfidb kfv hltf ifshb. zfv susb vfJcb, mcdmsbv
mpGflf rt kfrfÏcslv bfmfsp ˆhQ kfv ƒÏk rt stfsjslv zmcJfsi[D Kfjfq.«
(k¶fh, rf}, hf}, dnn} 831bQ)
rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf
hstb, ˆj hAdÙÁ bhD -ˆv jfsY htt, `zmcj vfsÛ
(kfrfÏcslv) bfmfp isV. dj§Â njft rst (dlsb) ycdv jsv!?' ˆ jKf ðsb dkdb
htstb, ª‰ bfmfp kfsj kcdm pf htY kfsk (ycdvsk) hfLf slsh.« (zf}, hf} ðzfhct
„mfb, dm} 1237bQ, nrDr, dnp} 1/57-58 û})

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1. Ocmfhfv zfso kfrfÏcslv dbqk jsv Ocmfsk rsh. ˆsk sn swN vfsÛ Ocm sKsj
suso bfmfp iVsk n[m bf rstW kfv ubA kfrfÏcslv nWqfh dtJf rsh.
rpvk zfhc lfvlf
bhD  ˆv dbje rsk hBGbf jsv hstb, dkdb hstsYb, ªvfsÛ
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…sE kfrfÏcl iVsh ˆƒ dbqk (nQj¬i) jsv sp hAdÙÁ dbu dhYfbfq zfwaq sbq,
zk}iv kfv y[cäq kfsj dblafdHHCk jsv sIst ˆhQ pdl ˆƒ zh²¿fskƒ kfv Iuv
rsq pfq ksh kfv zfmtbfmfq kfƒ dtdihÝ rq pfv sn dbqk (nQj¬i) jsvdYt.
zfv kfv ‰ dblaf kfv iadkiftsjv kvI rsk nljfr (lfb) v™si ialÙ rq.« (bfnf„,
ƒhsb mfufr, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmfr, nrDr kfvoDh 598bQ)
2. Ocm sKsj …sE, syfJ mcsY l]fkb jvf ˆhQ nCvf zfst ƒmvfsbv swsNv 10 zfqfk
ifE jvf ncâk. (hc} 183bQ, mc})
3. WpC jvfv iv rfîf lcƒ vfjzfk isV kfrfÏcslv bfmfp ðv¢ jvf jkGhA.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv sj… (kfrfÏcslv ubA) vfsÛ …Est sn spb kfv bfmfp
rfîf lcƒ vfjzfk dlsq ðv¢ jsv.« (mc})
4. kfrfÏcl iVfv ubA dbsuv ²ÃDsj ufofsbf mc²Àfrfh. ˆv ubA vsqsY ixKj
mfrfk¹A. mrfbhD  hstb, ªzfïfr snƒ hAdÙÁsj vrm jsvb, sp hAdÙÁ vfsÛ …sE
bfmfp isV W dbu ²ÃDsj ufofq ˆhQ snW bfmfp isV. dj§Â sn pdl …Esk bf yfq
kfrst kfv mcsJ ifdb dYdesq slq. zfïfr snƒ mdrtfsj vrm jsvb, sp mdrtf vfsÛ
…sE bfmfp isV W dbu öfmDsj ufofq ˆhQ snW bfmfp isV. dj§Â sn pdl …Esk bf
yfq kfrst kfv mcsJ ifdb dYdesq slq.« (zf}, zflf} 1308, bf}, ƒdr}, rf}, nuf} 3494bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªpJb sjfb hAdÙÁ kfv ²ÃDsj vfsÛ …dEsq …Hsq (kfrfÏcl) bfmfp isV
zKhf 2 vfjzfk bfmfp isV, kJb kfslv …Hqsj (zfïfrv) dpjXvjfvD W
dpjXvjfdvBDslv lst dtdihÝ (wfdmt) jvf rq.« (zflf} 1309bQ, iamcJ)
5. vfsÛ bfmfp iVsk iVsk Ocm ˆst hf Tctst bfmfp kAfo jsv Ocdmsq pfWqf
jkGhA. mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmfslv sj… pJb bfmfp iVsk iVsk Tctsk ðv¢ jsv,
kJb sn spb ðsq isV; pfsk kfv Ocm lCv rsq pfq. bsy{, sj… Tctsk Tctsk bfmfp
iVst sn rqskf hcUsk ifvsh bf, n©Hhk} sn [mf yfƒsk dosq dbsusj ofdt dlsq
hnsh. (hc}, mc}, dm} 1245bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªskfmfslv msLA sj… vfsk …sE (bfmfp iVsk ðv¢ jsv) kfv dusH
jcvzfb iVf udVsq sost ˆhQ sn dj htsY kf hcUsk bf ifvst, sn spb ðsq isV.«
(mcndtm)
dkdb hstb, ªskfmfslv iaskAsj spb msb …ÜDibf Kfjf ipG§À bfmfp isV. j½f§À rsq
iVst spb hsn pfq.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 1244bQ)
ˆjlf dkdb mndusl lcƒ J]cdev mfsU tìf rsq vdw h]fLf Kfjsk slsJ dkdb duÎfnf
jvstb, ªˆef dj?« nfrfhfoB htstb, ˆde pqbfshv. dkdb bfmfp isVb. zk}iv
pJb zftnA zfsn zKhf j½f§À rsq isVb, kJb ‰ vdw Lsv (l]fVfb). dkdb htstb,
ªJcst sIt Wefsj. skfmfslv iaskAsj spb yfÌf Kfjf zh²¿fq bfmfp isV. zfv pJb
sn ztn zKhf j½f§À rsq iVsh, kJb sn spb ðsq isV.« (hc}, mc})
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296

6. dbsusj jó dlsq tìf kfrfÏcl iVf dhsLq bq. hvQ öfHfdhjHfsh [mkfq
pkef jctfq, kkefƒ bfmfp iVf …dyk. mrfbhD  hstb, ªskfmvf kk idvmfsB
zfmt jv pk idvmfsB skfmvf jvfv [mkf vfJ. zfïfrv jnm! zfïfr (nWqfh
dlsk) j½f§À rshb bf, hvQ skfmvfƒ (zfmt jvsk) j½f§À rsq iVsh.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 1243)
7. z¬i rstW kf dbvhd¤YâHfsh dbqdmk jsv pfWqf …dyk ˆhQ HDNB zncdhLf
YfVf kf kAfo jvf …dyk bq. mrfbhD -sj duÎfnf jvf rt sp, `sjfb (Lvsbv)
zfmt zfïfrv zdLj iY¦lbDq?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªsnƒ zfmt, sp zfmt
dbvhd¤YâHfsh jsv pfWqf rq; pdlW kf idvmfsB jm rq.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 1242bQ)
mrfbhD -ˆv zfmt dYt dbvhd¤Yâ. dkdb ˆjhfv sp zfmt jvskb, kf hfjD
vfJskb (kAfo jvskb bf).« (mc}) dkdb zfècïfr dhb …mfv
-sj hstb, ªsr
zfècïfr! kcdm zmcsjv mk rsqf bf; sp kfrfÏcl iVk, isv sn kf kAfo jsv
dlsqsY.« (hc}, mc})
vnCt -ˆv jfsY ˆj hAdÙÁv jKf …sïJ jvf rt, sp Iuv ipG§À Ocdmsq sKsjsY.
dkdb htstb, ªW skf snƒ stfj, pfv …Hq jfsb wqkfb siwfh jsv dlsqsY.« (hc}, mc})
ˆjlf dkdb ƒhsb …mfsvv iawQnf jsv htstb, ªzfècïfr jk Hft stfj rq, pdl
sn vfsk kfrfÏcl isV!« ˆ jKf swfbfv iv ƒhsb …mfv  vfsk Jch jm Ocmfskb.
(hc}, mc})

k
kffr
rffÏ
Ïsc sc llvv nnmmqq
kfrfÏcl bfmfspv nmq ðv¢ rq ˆwfv bfmfspv iv sKsj ˆhQ swN rq Iuv …lq
rWqfv nfsK nfsK. vfskv iaKmfQsw, mLA vfsk ˆhQ swNfQsw sp sjfb nmsq kfrfÏcl
iVf pfq. rpvk zfbfn
hstb, `zfmvf vfskv sp sjfb zQsw bhD -sj bfmfp
iVsk slJsk yfƒkfm, snƒ nmqƒ slJsk sikfm, dkdb bfmfp iVsYb. zfhfv vfskv
sp sjfb zQsw zfmvf k]fsj Ocm§À zh²¿fq slJsk yfƒkfm, kJbƒ zfmvf slJsk
sikfm, dkdb Ocdmsq zfsYb.' (zf}, hc}, bf}, dm} 1241bQ)
nckvfQ ˆ jKf ±ió sp, ˆwfv iv sKsj dbsq Iuv ipG§À nmsqv dHksv kfrfÏcslv
ubA sjfb dbdlGó nmq sbƒ. zhwA zfIpt hf …Ùm nmq rt, vfskv swN kxkDqfQw.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªzfïfrgkfzftf iakAr vfsÛv swN kxkDqfQsw bDsyv zfnmfsb
zhkvB jsvb ˆhQ hstb, ªsj zfmfq Ffsj? zfdm kfv Ffsj nfVf slh. sj zfmfv
dbje iafKGbf jsv? zfdm kfsj lfb jvh. ˆhQ sj zfmfv dbje [mf yfq? zfdm kfsj
[mf jvh.« (hc}, mc}, nczf}, dm} 1223bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªswN vfskv oHDsv iadkiftj dbu hf¦lfv nhsysq shwD dbjehkGD rb.
nckvfQ kcdm pdl ‰ nmq zfïfrv dpjXvjfvDslv ltHcÙÁ rsk n[m rW, kfrst kf
rsq pfW.« (dk}, bf}, rf}, ƒJc}, nuf} 1173bQ)
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297

k]fsj duÎfnf jvf rt sp, sjfbX nmsqv kfrfÏcl nh yfƒsk …Ùm? …Ùsv dkdb
htstb, ªhfjD (swN) vfskv oHDsv (pf iVf rq). zfv Jch jm stfjƒ kf (‰ nmq)
isV Kfsj.« (zf})
nCpG z²À pfWqfv iv sKsj Iuv …lq rWqfv zfsov nmqsj dkb Hfso Hfo jvst
vfdÛv swN kxkDqfQw hcUf pfq.
vfsÛv swNfQsw smfvo pJb hfQ slq kJb …EstW kfrfÏcl iVf pfq. mrfbhD 
jJsbf jJsbf ˆƒ nmq …Eskb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 1207bQ)

k
kffr
rffÏ
Ïsc sc llvv vvffj
jzzffk
k--nnQQJJAAff
vfskv bfmfspv sjfb dbdlGó vfjzfk nQJAf sbƒ. ˆj vfjzfk iVstW vfskv bfmfp
iVf rq. ƒhsb zfêfn
jkGj x hdBGk, mrfbhD  kfrfÏcslv hAfifsv hstb,
ª(vfskv bfmfp) zLG vfdÛ, ˆj kxkDqfQw, ˆj ykcKfG Qw, …e hf Yfostv lcL slfqfhfv
nmq ˆjhfv lcƒsq däkDqhfv lcqfsbfv ubA pkecjc dhvdk slWqf kkecj (nfmfbA)
nmqW.« (k¶fh}, kfdm} 248ix})
ksh …Ùm rt iaskAj 2 vfjzfsk nftfm dIsv 8 vfjzfk iVf. zk}iv 3
vfjzfk dhkXv iVf. zKhf zbcv™i 10 vfjzfk isV swsN 1 vfjzfk dhkXv iVf.
(dh²Àfdvk ûóhA `svfpf W vmpfsbv Ifpfsqt W mfnfsqt' kfvfhDrv dhhvB.

k
kffr
rffÏ
Ïsc sc llvv ddj
j¶v¶vffz
zffk
k
kfrfÏcl bfmfspv dj¶vfzfk tìf rWqf hfÒbDq. mrfbhD  hstb, ªswaô bfmfp rt
tìf djqfm.« (zf}, mc}, dm} 46, 800bQ)
ƒhsb mfn†l
hstb, ˆj vfsk bhD -ˆv nfsK bfmfp iVtfm. dkdb djqfm
jvskƒ Kfjstb, idvswsN zfdm m¦l ƒ¤Yf jsv sIstdYtfm. k]fsj duÎfnf jvf rt,
sn m¦l ƒ¤Yfde dj? dkdb htstb, zfdm ƒ¤Yf jsvdYtfm sp, k]fsj sYsV dlsq hsn pfh!
(hc}, mc})
ùpfƒIf dhb ƒqfmfb hstb, ˆj vfsk bhD -ˆv nfsK bfmfp iVtfm. dkdb nCvf
hfj¶fvfr iVsk ðv¢ jvstb. zfdm Hfhtfm, rqskf hf dkdb 100 zfqfk ifE jsv
dnulfr jvshb. dj§Â dkdb kf zdkÛÁm jsv sostb. Hfhtfm rqskf hf dkdb nCvfdesj
2 vfjzfsk iVshb. dj§Â dkdb kfW zdkÛÁm jsv sostb. Hfhtfm, dkdb rqskf
nCvfde swN jsv v¢jC jvshb. (dj§Â bf, kf bf jsv) nCvf dbnf ðv¢ jvstb. kfW isV
swN jvstb. kfviv nCvf zfst ƒmvfb Lvstb ˆhQ kfW isV swN jvstb! (3)

(3) …ÙÁ rflDn sKsj hcUf pfq sp, mcnrfsIv kvkDh zbcpfqD nCvf iVf uv¢vD bq. uv¢vD rst dkdb nCvf
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298

dkdb LDsv-LDsv zfqfk ifE jvdYstb. knhDrv zfqfk ifE jvst knhDr
iVdYstb. iafKGbfv zfqfk ifE jvst iafKGbf jvdYstb. zfwaq iafKGbfv zfqfk ifE
jvst zfwaq iafKGbf jvdYstb. zk}iv v¢jC jvdYstb. (mc}, bf})
dkdb ˆƒ bfmfsp ˆk lDOG djqfm jvskb sp, kfv Ist k]fv if Icst spk. k]fsj htf
rt sp, zfibfv skf zfso-disYv njt Û¢de zfïfr [mf jsv dlsqsYb? (kfW zfidb
ˆk jó jsv ƒhflk jsvb sjb?) dkdb htstb, ªzfdm dj zfïfrv jxkÎ hf¦lf rh
bf?« (hc}, mc}, dm} 1220bQ)
zhwA dkdb ˆj vfsk jcvzfb Jkm jvskb bf. zhwA dkdb dkb vfsk jcvzfb
Jkm jvfv zbcmdk dlsqsYb; kfv jsm bq. dkdb hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ 3 vfskv jsm
jcvzfb isV, sn djYcƒ hcsU bf.« (zf}, dk}, lf})
dkdb hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ 100de zfqfk ifE jsv vfskv bfmfp iVsh, kfv bfm
dhðÝdyÙ djqfmjfvDslv kfdtjfHcÙÁ rsh.« (lf}, rf})
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ 100de zfqfk ifE jsv vfskv bfmfp iVsh, sn
…lfnDbslv kfdtjfHcÙÁ rsh bf.« (lf}, rf})
zfïfrv vnCt  hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ 10de zfqfk bfmfsp isV sn …lfnDbslv
kfdtjfHcÙÁ rq bf, sp 100de zfqfk bfmfsp isV sn zfshlslv kfdtjfHcÙÁ rq.
zfv sp 1000de zfqfk bfmfsp isV sn zuna nWqfh zuGbjfvDslv kfdtjfHcÙÁ
rq.« (zfhc lf†l, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmfr, nrDr kfvoDh 633 bQ)
jJsbf dkdb kfrfÏcslv bfmfsp nCvf hfbD ƒnvf„t W pcmfv iVskb. (zf}) jJsbf
iafq 50 zfqfskv mk hf kfv sKsj shwD zfqfk sktfzk jvskb. (hc}, zflf}) jJsbf
hf nCvf mcpXpfd©mstv mk tìf nCvf ifE jvskb. (zf}, zflf}) ˆjlf dkdb nCvf mfƒlfv
118bQ zfqfk hfvhfv ifE jvsk jvsk Iuv jsv dlsqsYb. (zf}, bf}, ƒmf}, ƒJc}, rf},
dm} 1205bQ)
ˆj hAdÙÁ htt, sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfv ˆj iadkshwD vfsk kfrfÏcl isV, dj§Â
`j¶t
c ùWqfïfù zfrfl' YfVf zbA djYc isV bf; ˆefsjƒ sn hfvhfv dIdvsq isV ˆhQ
ˆv yfƒsk shwD djYc isV bf. zfnst ˆ hAdÙÁ kf Jchƒ jm msb jvt. dj§Â bhD 
htstb, ªsnƒ nÙ¶fv jnm, p]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY! ‰ nCvf ˆj kxkDqfQw
jcvzfsbv nmkctA.« (zf}, hc})
jJsbf nwsè, jJsbf hf db}wsè ˆ dj¶vfzfk jvf pfq. nfrfhD ÈpfƒI dhb rfsvn
hstb, ˆjlf zfdm zfsqwf (vf})-sj duÎfnf jvtfm sp, `zfïfrv vnCt  iaKm vfsk
bfifjDv sofnt jvskb, bfdj swN vfsk?' dkdb iakcAÙsv htstb, `sjfb vfsk dkdb
iaKm Hfso sofnt jvskb, zfhfv sjfb sjfb vfsk swN Hfso.' zfdm httfm, `zfïfù

dbnfv zfso zfst ƒmvfb iVskb.

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299

zfjhfv! snƒ zfïfrv iawQnf dpdb (äDsbv) hAfifsv iaw²Àkf svsJsYb.' zk}iv
zfdm duÎfnf jvtfm, `dkdb dhksvv bfmfp iaKm vfdÛsk iVskb, bfdj swN
vfdÛsk?' dkdb htstb, `jJsbf dkdb iaKm vfdÛsk dhkXv iVskb, zfhfv jJsbf swN
vfdÛsk.' zfdm httfm, `zfïfù zfjhfv! snƒ zfïfrv iawQnf dpdb (äDsbv) hAfifsv
iaw²Àkf svsJsYb.' icbvfq zfdm duÎfnf jvtfm, `dkdb (kfrfÏcslv bfmfsp) nwsè
dj¶vfzfk iVskb, bfdj db}wsè?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `dkdb jJsbf nwsè iVskb,
zfhfv jJsbf db}wsè.' zfdm httfm, `zfïfù zfjhfv! snƒ zfïfrv iawQnf dpdb
(äDsbv) hAfifsv iaw²Àkf svsJsYb.' (mc}, nzflf} 209, ƒmf}, dm} 1263bQ)
ˆjlf mrfbhD  vfdÛjfst hfƒsv ˆst dkdb slJstb, zfhC hfjXv dbm´ösv
(kfrfÏcslv) bfmfp iVsYb. zk}iv dkdb …mfsvv jfsY dosq slJstb, dkdb
…¤yösv bfmfp iVsYb. zk}iv pJb k]fvf …Hsq k]fv dbje umfsqk rstb, kJb
dkdb htstb, ªsr zfhC hfjXv! zfdm skfmfv jfY dlsq ifv rsq sotfm, slJtfm, kcdm
dbm´ösv bfmfp iVY.« zfhC hfjXv htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfdm sjht k]fsj
ðdbsqdY, p]fv jfsY zfdm mcbfufk jsvdY.' zk}iv dkdb …mfsvv …sÜswA htstb,
ªzfv zfdm skfmfv jfY dlsq ifv rsq sotfm, slJtfm, kcdm …¤yösv bfmfp iVY.«
…mfv htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfdm k¦ûfdHHCk stfjslvsj ufdosq dlƒ ˆhQ
wqkfb dhkfVB jdv.' bhD  htstb, ªsr zfhC hfjXv! skfmfv zfWqfusj ˆjec …]yc
jv. zfv sr …mfv! skfmfv zfWqfusj ˆjec dbyc jv.« (zflf}, dk}, dm} 1204bQ)

k
kffr
rffÏ
Ïlcl
c bbffmmffssppvv j
jffppff
sp kfrfÏcl-Èpfv hf¦lfv sjfb jfvBhwk} vfskv 11 vfjzfk bfmfp Ycse pfq sn
kf dlsb dhswN jsv yfsñv nmq 12 vfjzfk jfpf jvsk ifsv.
mrfbhD -ˆv kfrfÏcl Ocm hf hAKf-shlbfv jfvsB Ycse sost dlsb 12 vfjzfk
jfpf iVskb. (mc}) rpvk …mfv dhb JfÙfh
iamcJf{ hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv
vnCt  hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ kfv (iCBG) zpDIf (kfrfÏcslv bfmfp, jcvzfb ƒkAfdl)
zKhf kfv djYc zQw svsJ Ocdmsq pfq, dj§Â kf pdl Iuv W spfrsvv bfmfspv mLAhkDG
nmsq zflfq jsv sbq ksh kfv ubA iCBG nWqfhƒ dtdihÝ jvf rq, spb sn ‰ zpDIf
vfsÛƒ n©iâ jsvsY.« (mc} 747bQ, zflf}, dk}, bf}, ƒmf}, ƒJc})
kfvfhDr, tfƒtfkct j¶flXv hf wshjlsvv bfmfp W „slv bfmfp `svfpf W vmpfsbv
Ifpfsqt W mfnfsqt' ûóhA.

ddhhk
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Xv
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300

dhkXv bfmfp ncâfsk mczfÄflfr. ˆ bfmfp zflfq jvsk mrfbhD  …©mksj …äcÝ
W zbciafdBk jvskb. rpvk zftD
hstb, `dhkXv Ivp bfmfspv mk
zhwAiftbDq bq; ksh zfïfrv vnCt  kfsj ncâskv v™ilfb jsvsYb; dkdb
hstsYb, ªzhwAƒ zfïfr dhkXv (sufVrDb), dkdb dhkXv (sufVwCbAkf hf shsufV)
iY¦l jsvb. nckvfQ skfmvf dhkXv (dhsufV) bfmfp iV, sr zfrst jcvzfb!« (zflf},
dk}, bf}, ƒmf}, ƒJc}, nkf} 588bQ)
hbD djbfbfv mcJdluD bfmj ˆj hAdÙÁsj zfbnfv sofsÛv zfhC mcrf©mfl bfmj ˆj
stfj htt sp, dhkXsvv bfmfp Wqfsuh. ˆ jKf ðsb nfrfhD …hflfr dhb nfsmk

htstb, `zfhC mcrf©mfl Hct htsY.' zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -sj htsk ðsbdY, ªi]fy
WqfÙÁ
bfmfp zfïfr hf¦lfosBv …iv Ivp jsvsYb. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ
kf pKfKGv™si
zflfq jvsh ˆhQ kfsk Èv¢k¶ dlsq kfv djYcW dhbó
jvsh bf, snƒ hAdÙÁv ubA
zfïfrv ˆƒ iadkwa¢dk zfsY sp, dkdb kfsj ufâfsk iashw jvfshb. zfv sp hAdÙÁ
kf
zflfq jvsh bf, sn hAdÙÁv ubA zfïfrv sjfb iadkwa¢dk sbƒ. dkdb ƒ¤Yf jvst kfsj
wfd²À slshb, bsy{ ƒ¤Yf rst ufâfskW dlsk ifsvb.« (mf}, zflf}, bf}, ƒdr}, nkf} 363 bQ)
mrfbhD  nWqfvDv …iv dhksvv bfmfp isVsYb. (hc}, mc}, nczf} lfvf} 1617bQ) zKy
Ivp bfmfspv nmq dkdb nWqfvD sKsj sbsm djhtfmcJ jvskb. (zf}, hc})
dhkXsvv nmq }
dhksvv nmq ˆwfv iv sKsj dbsq Iusvv zfso ipG§À. mrfbhD  hstb, ªzfïfr
skfmfslvsj ˆjde zdkdvÙÁ bfmfp ialfb jsvsYb. zfv kf rt dhkXsvv bfmfp nckvfQ
skfmvf kf ˆwf W Iusvv mLAhkGD nmsq isV bfW.« (zf}, dnn} 108bQ)
nfrfhD ÈpfƒI dhb rfsvn hstb, ˆjlf zfdm zfsqwf (vf})-sj duÎfnf jvtfm sp,
`--- bhD  dhkXsvv bfmfp iaKm vfdÛsk iVskb, bfdj swN vfdÛsk?' dkdb htstb,
`jJsbf dkdb iaKm vfdÛsk dhkXv iVskb, zfhfv jJsbf swN vfdÛsk.' zfdm httfm,
`zfïfù zfjhfv! snƒ zfïfrv iawQnf dpdb (äDsbv) hAfifsv iaw²Àkf svsJsYb.---'
(mc}, nzflf} 209, ƒmf}, dm} 1263bQ)
zhwA sp hAdÙÁ msb jsv sp, sn swN vfsÛ …Esk ifvsh bf, kfv ubA …Ùm rt iaKm
vfsÛ dhkXv isV Ocmfsbf. i[f§Àsv sp msb jsv sp, sn swN vfsÛ …Esk ifvsh kfv ubA
…Ùm rt swN vfsÛ dhkXv iVf.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ LfvBf jsv sp, sn swN vfsÛ …Esk ifvsh bf, kfv ubA
…Ùm rt iaKm vfsÛ dhkXv isV sbWqf. i[f§Àsv sp LfvBf jsv sp, sn swN vfsÛ …Esk
ifvsh kfv ubA …Ùm rt swN vfsÛ dhkXv iVf. jfvB, swN vfskv bfmfsp dIdvñf
…id²¿k rb ˆhQ ˆefƒ rt swaôkm.« (zf}, mc}, dk}, ƒmf}, dm} 1260bQ)
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ˆjlf dkdb rpvk zfhC hfjXv

-sj duÎfnf jvstb, ªkcdm jJb dhkXv iV?«
zfhC hfjXv
htstb, `iaKm vfsÛ ˆwfv isv.' zk}iv dkdb rpvk …mfv
-sj
duÎfnf jvstb, ªzfv …mfv kcdm?« …mfv
htstb, `swN vfsk.' idvswsN dkdb
htstb, ªdj§Â kcdm sr zfhC hfjXv! d²¿v-dbÇyqkf zhtìb jsv Kfj. zfv kcdm sr
…mfv! (swN vfsk …Efv iCBG) zfk¹dhw¶fn oarB jsv Kfj.« (zf}, zflf}, rf})
swN uDhsb mrfbhD  swN vfskƒ dhkXv iVskb. sjbbf, snefƒ dYt …Ùm.
ˆklXnsÙ¶W dkdb k]fv ˆjfdLj nfrfhDsj d²¿v-dbÇyqkf zhtìb iChj G iaKm vfsÛ
dhkXv isV dbsk dhswN …islw dlskb. spmb …islw dlsqdYstb rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf

-sj. (hc}, mc}, dm} 1262bQ) rpvk nf'l dhb zfhD zÄfn
vnCtcïfr -ˆv
mndusl ˆwfv bfmfp isV ˆj vfjzfk dhkXv isV dbskb. k]fsj htf rt, `zfidb
sjht ˆj vfjzfk dhkXv isVb, kfv shwD isVb bf (dj hAfifv)?' dkdb htstb,
`r]Af, zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -sj htsk ðsbdY sp, ªsp hAdÙÁ dhkXv bf isV Ocmfq bf,
sn rt d²¿v-dbdÇyk mfbcN.« (zf})

dhkXv bfmfspv vfjzfk nQJAf }

dhkXv bfmfp ˆjefbf ˆj nftfsm 9, 7, 5, 3 vfjzfk iVf pfq.
9 vfjzfk dhkXsvv dbqm rt, 8 vfjzfk ˆjefbf isV kfwfrùsl hnsk rsh.
kfsk zfkX-kfdrqAfk W lv™l-lczf isV nftfm bf dIsv …sE dosq zfsvf ˆj vfjzfk
isV nftfm dIvsk rsh. (mc}, dm} 1257bQ)
7 vfjzfk dhkXsvv dbqm rt, 6 vfjzfk ˆjefbf isV kfwfrùsl hnsk rsh.
kfsk zfkX-kfdrqAfk W lv™l-lczf isV nftfm bf dIsv …sE dosq zfsvf ˆj vfjzfk
isV nftfm dIvsk rsh. (nczf}, zflf} 1342, bf} 1719bQ)
sjfb sjfb hBGbf msk Nô vfjzfsk bf hsn ˆjefbf 7 vfjzfk isV nhGswsN
kfwfrùl isV nftfm dIvsk rsh. (bf} 1718bQ)
5 vfjzfk dhkXsvv dbqm rt, 5 vfjzfk ˆjefbf isV kfwfrùsl hnsk rsh.
kfsk zfkX-kfdrqAfk W lv™l-lczf isV nftfm dIvsk rsh. (hc}, mc}, bf} 1717, dm} 1256bQ)
3 vfjzfk dhkXsvv dbqm rt lcƒ iajfv; (j) 2 vfjzfk isV nftfm dIsv dlsk
rsh. zk}iv …sE icbvfq bkcb jsv zfsvf ˆj vfjzfk isV nftfm dIvsk rsh.
(ƒzfwf}, ƒv} 2/150) ƒhsb …mfvW ˆƒHfsh dhkXv iVskb. (hcJfvD)
(J) 3 vfjzfk ˆjefbf isV kfwfrùsl hnsk rsh. kfsk zfkX-kfdrqAfk W lv™l-
lczf isV nftfm dIvsk rsh. (rf} 1/304, hf} 3/28, 3/31) ˆ s[sÛ mfosvshv bfmfspv
mk mfsU (2 vfjzfk isV) zfkX-kfdrqAfk iVf pfsh bf. spsrkc zfïfrv vnCt 
dhkvsj mfosvshv mk iVsk dbsNL jsvsYb. (ƒdr} 2420, rf} 1/304, hf} 3/31, lfvf} 1634bQ)
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302

ˆkäAkDk 3 vfjzfk dhkXv mfosvshv mk jsv iVf, (lfvf} 1637bQ) bkcb jsv
kfrvDmfv kjhDv slWqfv mk (…¬ef) kjhDv dlsq icbvfq rfk sh]sL jcbCk iVf
ƒkAfdl djYc ntI jkGj
x hBGbf jvf rstW kf nrDr bq. (ƒv} 427bQ, kczf} 1/464)
zkˆh kf dhlzfk W idvkAfuA.
1 vfjzfk dhkXv }
dhkXv ˆj vfjzfkW iVf pfq. sJfl mrfbhD  ˆj vfjzfk dhkXv iVskb. dkdb
hstb, ªvfskv bfmfp lc vfjzfk lc vfjzfk. zk}iv skfmfslv sj… pJb Iuv
rsq pfWqfv zfwËf jsv kJb sn spb ˆj vfjzfk dhkXv isV sbq.« (hc}, mc}, dm}
1254bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªdhkXv rt swN vfsk ˆj vfjzfk.« (mc}, dm} 1255bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªdhkXv rt iaskAj mcndtsmv ubA rj hf nkA. nckvfQ sp 5 vfjzfk
dhkXv iVsk iY¦l jsv sn kfƒ iVcj, sp 3 vfjzfk iVsk iY¦l jsv sn kfƒ iVcj
ˆhQ sp ˆj vfjzfk iVsk iY¦l jsv sn kfƒ iVcj.« (zflf} 1422, bf}, ƒmf}, dm}
1265bQ)
ƒhsb zfêfn
-sj htf rt sp, mczfdhqf
ˆwfv isv ˆj vfjzfk dhkXv
iVstb (snef dj dEj)? …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `dkdb dEjƒ jsvsYb. dkdb skf IjDr.
k]fsj dbsuv zh²¿fq sYsV lfW, dkdb bhD -ˆv nfrfhD.' (hc}, dm} 1277bQ)
ˆ YfVf zfsvf zbAfbA hù ntI 1 vfjzfk dhkXv iVskb. (ƒzfwf} û})
dhkXv bfmfspv mc²Àfrfh dj¶vfzfk }
ˆ bfmfsp nCvf Ifdkrfv iv sp sjfb nCvf iVf pfq. ksh mc²Àfrfh rt, iaKm vfjzfsk
nCvf zf'tf, däkDq vfjzfsk nCvf jfdIv™b ˆhQ kxkDq vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn iVf.
(zf}, bf}, lf}, rf}, dm} 1270-1272bQ)
mrfbhD  jJsbf jJsbf kxkDq vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfsnv nfsK nCvf bfn W IftfjW
ifE jvskb. (zflf}, dk}, rf} 1/305)
dhkXsvv jcbCk }
mrfbhD  rpvk rfnfb dhb zftD -sj dbsm´v lczf dhkXv bfmfsp dj¶vfzfk swN
jvfv iv (v¢jCv zfso) iVsk dwdJsqdYstb}-

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zkfWqfïfbD ID mfb kfWqfïfƒkX. zhf-dvjtD ID mf zf'k¶fƒkX. zdj¸bD wfvGfmf
j¶fp¶fƒkX. Ifƒâfjf kfj¶p¶D ztf ƒ…j¶p¶f zftfƒjX. ƒâfù tf qAfdpïc mf]… Wqf-tfƒkX.
ztf qAfƒpXpc mfb zf'-lfƒkX. kfhf-vfjkf vfêfbf zkfzf'-tfƒkX. tf mfbuf dmbjf
ƒïf ƒtfƒjX. (z n¶fïfïfù zftf bfdhdqAbf mcrf©mfl.)
zKG - sr zfïfr! kcdm zfmfsj srlfqfk jsv kfslv ltHcÙÁ jv pfslvsj kcdm
srlfqfk jsvY. zfmfsj dbvfisl svsJ kfslv ltHcÙÁ jv pfslvsj kcdm dbvfisl
svsJY, zfmfv njt jfsuv kÙ¶fhLfb jsv zfmfsj kfslv ltHcÙÁ jv pfslv kcdm
kÙ¶fhLfb jsvY. kcdm zfmfsj pf djYc lfb jsvY kfsk hjGk lfW. zfmfv HfsoA kcdm
pf Ifqnftf jsvY kfv m¦l sKsj v[f jv. jfvB kcdmƒ Ifqnftf jsv Kfj ˆhQ
skfmfv …iv jfsvf Ifqnftf yst bf. dbÇyq kcdm pfsj Hfstfhfn sn tfdÒk rq bf ˆhQ
pfsj m¦l hfn sn n©mfdbk rq bf. kcdm hjGkmq sr zfmfslv iaHc ˆhQ kcdm ncmrfb.
skfmfv zfpfh sKsj kcdm YfVf sjfb zfwaq²¿t sbƒ. zfv zfmfslv bhDv …iv zfïfr
vrmk hNGB jsvb. (zflf}, dk}, bf}, zf}, hf}, ƒmf}, dm} 1273bQ, ƒv} 2/172)
iajfw Kfsj sp, lczfv swsN lv™slv …sïJ …ÙÁ rflDnnmCsr bf KfjstW ntIslv
zfmt swsN lv™l iVfv jKf nmKGb jsv. zfv sn ubAƒ lczfv swsN ˆJfsb pcÙÁ jvf
rsqsY. (kfdm} 243ix}, dnnfb})
rpvk zftD
hstb mrfbhD  k]fv dhkXsvv swN (vfjzfskv v¢jCv zfso
jcbCsk) ˆƒ lczf htskb,

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…j¶Chfdkj, z zf†pc dhjf dmbXjf tf …rXnD Nfbf-zfb zftfƒjf zf§Àf jfmf zfnbfƒkf
zftf bfIdnjX.
zKG- sr zfïfr! dbÇyq zfdm skfmfv n§Âdóv znDtfq skfmfv sÛÁfL sKsj, skfmfv
[mfwDtkfv znDtfq skfmfv wfd²À sKsj ˆhQ skfmfv nÙfv znDtfq skfmfv zfpfh
sKsj zfwaq iafKGbf jvdY. zfdm skfmfv …iv skfmfv iawQnf ocsb swN jvsk ifdv bf,
spmb kcdm dbsuv iawQnf dbsu jsvY. (nczf}, dm} 1276bQ, ƒv} 2/175)
iajfw Kfsj sp, zsbsj hstsYb, …ÙÁ lczfde dhksvv bfmfspv swsN zKGf{, nftfm
dIvfv iv iVf mc²Àfrfh. (zfmf} 4/213, kczf} 10/9, dInc} zfvhD 1/174, dInc} …lcG 185ix} û})
i[f§Àsv mfbfv¢n nfhDt (1/108) zfnXnftnfhDt (1/162) iaHdx k dIjXsrv djkfsh
…ÙÁ lczfsj lczfsq jcbCk hstƒ iaKsmfÙÁ lczfv ifwfifdw …sïJ jvf rsqsY. zfhC
lf†l, dkvdmpD, bfnf„, ƒhsb mfufr iaHdx k rflDn oas§¿v idvs¤Yslv dwsvfbfm h]fLfv
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HfhLfvfq hcUf pfq sp, ˆ lczf dhkXsvv jcbCsk iEbDq. bfnf„ wvDsIv …ÙÁ rflDsnv
eDjfq zfïfmf dnáD hstb, `rsk ifsv dkdb …ÙÁ lczf djqfsmv swNfQsw (v¢jCv zfso)
htskb. nckvfQ WefW ˆjde lczfsq jcbCk; spmb oa§¿jfv (bfnf„v) jKf lfhD jsv.
zfhfv ˆW rsk ifsv sp, dkdb (dhkXsvv) kfwfrùslv ShEsj (nftfm dIvfv iCshG) …ÙÁ
lczf iVskb. zfv wsèv hfdrAj zKGW kfƒ.' (bf} 1746bQ, 2/275) zïfù zf'tfm.
dhkXsvv jcbCksj jcbCsk ofqv bfsptfr htf rq. zfv kf nh nmq iaskAj vfsÛ
dhkXv bfmfsp iVf rq. zhwA jcbCskv lczf iVf mc²Àfrfh; uv¢vD bq. nckvfQ sj… Hcst
sYsV dlsq dnulfq sost nù dnulf tfso bf. spmb iaskAj vfsÛ kf dbqdmk bf isV
mfsU mfsU kAfo jvf …dyk. (dnnfb} 179ix}, mcm} 4/27)
iajfw Kfsj sp, dhkXsvv jcbCk (lczf) mcJ²¿ bf Kfjst kfv hlst dkbhfv `j¶ct' hf
`vfêfbf zfskbf' isV jfu yftfsbf wvDqk-n©mk bq. mcJ²¿ bf Kfjst jvsk rsh.
zfv kkdlb jcbCk bf isV ˆmdbƒ jfu ytsh.
dhkXsvv lczfq ƒmfm nfsrh hùhyb wè hAhrfv jvshb. ˆv™i jvf dhsLq. ˆef
dbdNÝ bhhD wè idvhkGsbv zfWkfHcÙÁ bq. jfvB, ˆef sjhtmfÛ wsèv hyb
idvhkGb. i[f§Àsv rflDsnv sjfb sjfb hBGbfq dhkXsvv lczf hùhyb wsèW hdBGk
rsqsY. (k¶fh} jfhDv 2700bQ, wfnc} 3/129, nfkf} ƒhsb hfp 41ix}, mcmkc ¶fnf} 171ix} û})

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jcbCskv lczf (swN vfjzfskv) v¢jcv zfso hf isv sp sjfb ²¿fsb iVf pfq. ùmfƒl
hstb, zfdm zfbfn
-sj duÎfnf jvtfm sp, jcbCk v¢jCv zfso bf isv? …Ùsv dkdb
htstb, `zfmvf v¢jCv zfso W isv jcbCk iVkfm.' (ƒmf}, dm} 1294bQ)
zbcv™i (lczfv mk) rfk skftf W bf skftf …Hq iajfv zfmtƒ ntI jkGj x hdBGk
zfsY. (kczf} 1/464)
zhwA lczfv isv mcsJ rfk hctfsbf ncâk bq. jfvB, ˆ hAfifsv pk rflDn ˆsnsY
nhÈstfƒ lcht G . (ƒv} 2/181, mcm} 4/55) htf hfùtA, lcht
G rflDn äfvf sjfb ncâk iamfB
jvf n©Hh bq. kfƒ djYc …tfmf ±ióHfsh kf (zbcv™i hcsj rfk dIvfsbfsj) dhlzfk
hstsYb. (ƒv} 2/181, mcdh} 322ix})
ƒpXpX dhb zfècn nftfm hstb, `ufsrt YfVf ˆ jfu zbA sj… jsv bf.' i[f§Àsv
lczfq rfk skftfv hAfifsv zsbj nrDr rflDn ˆsnsY. kfv msLA sjfb rflDsnƒ mcsJ
rfk dIvfsbfv jKf sbƒ. zfv kf ˆ jKfvƒ ltDt sp, …ÙÁ zfmt zfidÙjv W
zdhsLq. (ƒv} 2/182, dnnfb} 178ix})
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dhksvv bfmfspv nftfm dIsv lczf

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zKG- zfdm idhÛmq hflwfrv idhÛkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jvdY.
ˆƒ lczfde dkbhfv iVsk rq. k¦msLA kxkDq hfsv …¤yn¶sv iVf jkGhA. (zflf}, bf},
dm} 1274-1275bQ)

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vfsÛv nhGswN bfmfp rt dhkXsvv bfmfp. dhkXsvv iv zfv sjfb bfmfp sbƒ. zkˆh
pdl sj… swN vfsÛ …Esk ifvsh bf msb jsv ˆwfv iv dhkXv isV sbq zk}iv swN
vfsÛ …Esk n[m rq, sn kfrfÏcl iVsh dj§Â zfv däkDq hfv dhkXv iVsh bf. jfvB,
mrfbhD  hstb, ªˆj vfsk lcde dhkXv sbƒ.« (zf}, zfl}, dk}, bf}, ƒdr}, hf}, nuf}
7567bQ) ªskfmvf dhkXv bfmfpsj vfskv swN bfmfp jv.« (hc}, mc}, zflf}, ƒv} 422bQ)

dhkXsvv iv bIt 2 vfjzfk

zhwA ˆ hAfifsv ˆjde hAdkÛÁm bfmfp rt, dhkXsvv isv 2 vfjzfk ncâk hsn hsn
iVf. mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, vnCt  (dhkXv bfmfspv) nftfm dIvfv iv hsn hsn 2
vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb. (mc}) rpvk …s©m nftfmfr hstb. `dkdb dhkXsvv iv hsn
hsn (rfîf jsv) 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVskb.' (zf}, zflf}, dk}, dm} 1284bQ)
mrfbhD  hstb, ªdbÇyq ˆƒ (nIv) vfdÛ ufovB HfvD W jójv. nckvfQ skfmfslv
sj… pJb dhkXv iVsh kJb sn spb 2 vfjzfk isV sbq. zk}iv sn pdl vfsÛ
…Esk ifsv skf …Ùm. bsy{, ‰ 2 vfjzfk kfv (vfskv bfmfp) rsq pfsh.« (lf}, dm}
1286, dnn} 1993bQ û})
…ÙÁ rflDn sKsj hcUf pfq sp, ‰ 2 vfjzfk zfmfslvW iVf …dyk. zfv kf mrfbhD
-ˆv ubA Jfn bq.
zfhC …mfmfr hstb, `bhD  ‰ 2 vfjzfk bfmfp dhkXsvv iv hsn hsn iVskb.
zfv kfv iaKm vfjzfsk nCvf dptpft W däkDq vfjzfsk nCvf jfdIv™b ifE jvskb.'
(zf}, dm} 1287bQ)

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dhkXv bfmfp pKf nmsq bf iVf rst kf jfpf iVf dhsLq. mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
dhkXv bf isV Ocdmsq pfq zKhf kf iVsk Hcst pfq sn hAdÙÁ spb kf ±mvB rWqf mfÛ
kf isV sbq.« (zf}, nczf}, rf}, nuf} 6562bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ Ocdmsq
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sKsj dhkXv bf iVsk ifsv sn hAdÙÁ spb Iusvv nmq kf isV sbq.« (dk}, ƒv} 422,
nuf} 6563bQ)
sJfl mrfbhD -ˆv sjfb vfsÛ dhkXv bf isV Iuv rsq sost kJbƒ dhkXv isV
dbskb. (zf} 6/243, hf} 1/479, k¶fh}, mfpf} 2/246)
ˆjlf ˆj hAdÙÁ mrfbhDv lvhfsv ˆsn htt, `sr zfïfrv bhD! Iuv rsq sosY
zKy zfdm dhkXv iVsk ifdvdb.' dkdb htstb, ªdhkXv skf vfsÛƒ iVsk rq.«
stfjde icbvfq htt, `sr zfïfrv bhD! Iuv rsq sosY zKy zfdm dhkXv iVsk
ifdvdb.' ˆhfsv dkdb htstb, ªˆJb isV bfW.« (k¶fh}, dnn} 1712bQ)
ˆ rflDn sKsj ±ió rq sp, Iuv rsq sostW dhkv bfmfp dhkXsvv mkƒ jfpf iVf
pfsh. (dnn} 4/289 û})

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mrfbhD  sp jq vfk kfvfhDrv bfmfp isVdYstb sn jq vfsk ufmfzfk nrjfsv
dhkXv isVdYstb. zbcv™i nfrfhDoBW vmpfb mfsn ufmfzfk nrjfsv kfvfhDrv nfsK
dhkXv isVsYb.

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v¢jC sKsj mfKf kcst jcbCk iVf dhsLq. (zflf}, dm} 1290bQ) ˆƒ jcbCksj jcbCsk
bfsptfr htf rq. ˆƒ jcbCsk mcndtmslv ubA lczf ˆhQ zkAfyfvD jfsIvslv dhv¢sÝ
hÜczf jvf dhsLq. lcƒ rfk kcst lczf jvshb ƒmfm ˆhQ `zfmDb-zfmDb' htsh
mcÙÁflDoB. ˆƒ jcbCskv lczfv HCdmjf dbm´v™i}-

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zfhC hfjXv, …mfv W …nmfsbv diYsb bfmfp isVsYb. zfdm k]fsj duÎfnf jvtfm,
k]fvf dj Iusv jcbCk iVskb? dkdb …Ùsv htstb, `bf, shef! ˆef dhlzfk.' (zf},
bf}, dk}, ƒmf}, hctCÈt mfvfm 303bQ, mh} 17/68)
rpvk zfbfn
hstb, bhD  sjfb n©ialfsqv ubA lczf zKhf hÜczf jvf YfVf
Iusvv bfmfsp ˆmdb jcbCk iVskb bf. (ƒdr}, ƒJc}, hctCÈt mfvfm 302bQ)
i[f§Àsv sp rflDn äfvf Iusvv bfmfsp jcbCk iamfB jvf rq, kf rq lcht G , bf rq sn
jcbCk rt bfsptfv jcbCk; pf 5 zÙÁX bfmfspƒ dhsLq. (kfdm} 243ix})

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yfsñv bfmfp mc²Àfrfh bIt. ˆƒ bfmfspv vsqsY dhvfe mfrfk¹A W nWqfh.
rpvk zfhc pfvG
rsk hdBGk, bhD  hstb, ªiakAr njfst skfmfslv iaskAj
zd²¿-oad§¿v …iv (kvI sKsj) lfkhA nljfr vsqsY; nckvfQ iaskAj kfnhDr rt
nljfr iaskAj kfrmDl (zft rfmlc dtïf-r ifE) nljfr, iaskAj kfrtDt (tf ƒtfrf
ƒïfïf-r ifE) nljfr, iaskAj kjhDv (zfïf-ù zfjhfv ifE) nljfr, n{jfsuv
zfslwjvB nljfr, ˆhQ m¦l jfu rsk dbsNLjvBW nljfr. zfv ˆnh sKsj psKó
rsh yfwXskv lcƒ vfjzfk bfmfp.« (mcndtm 720 bQ)
rpvk hcvfƒlfr
jkxj G hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfdm zfïfrv vnCt  ˆv dbje
wcsbdY, dkdb hstsYb, ªmfbhslsr 360de oad§¿ zfsY. iaskAj hAdÙÁv …iv ‰ iaskAj
oad§¿v kvI sKsj slq nljfr vsqsY.« njst htt, `ˆk nljfr dlsk zfv sj n[m
rsh, sr zfïfrv vnCt?' dkdb htstb, ªmndul rsk jI (ƒkAfdl sbfQvf) lCv jvf,
iK rsk jólfqj h²Â (j]fef-ifKv iaHdx k) lCv jvf ˆj ˆjef nljfr. pdl kfsk
n[m bf rW ksh lcƒ vfjzfk yfwXskv bfmfp skfmfv sn iasqfub iCBG jvsh.«
(zfrml,W wèocdt k]fvƒ, zfhc lf†l, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmfr, ƒhsb drêfb, nrDr kfvoDh 661 bQ)
rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfmXv dhb zfn
iamcJf{ hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt 
ˆj spfÝfhfdrbD siavB jsvb. ˆƒ pcÝ nIsv kfvf hù pcÝté n©il tfH j'sv Jch
wDOaƒ dIsv zfsn. stfsjvf kfslv pcÝs[sÛv dbjehdkGkf, té n©islv zfdLjA ˆhQ
dIsv zfnfv wDOakf dbsq ndh±mq dhdHâ zfstfybf jvsk tfot. kf wcsb zfïfrv
vnCt  htstb, ªzfdm dj skfmfslvsj Wslv sysq dbjekv pcÝs[Û, Wslv sysq
zdLjkv té n©il ˆhQ Wslv sysq wDOakv dIsv zfnfv jKfv náfb hst slh bf?
sp hAdÙÁ njfst Wpc jsv yfwXskv bfmfspv …sÜswA mndusl pfq sn hAdÙÁ Wslv sysq
dbjekv pcÝs[sÛ spfolfb jsv, Wslv sysq zdLjkv n©il tfH jsv ˆhQ Wslv
sysq zdLjkv wDOa Osv dIsv zfsn.« (zfrml, k¶fhfvfbD, nrDr kfvoDh 663 bQ)
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rpvk …j¶hfr dhb zfsmv ucrfbD

rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb zfïfrv vnCt 
hstsYb, ªzfïfr zfpXpf zufïX hstb, `sr zflm n§Àfb! dlsbv iaKmfQsw kcdm zfmfv
ubA yfv vfjzfk bfmfp iVsk z[m rsqf bf, zfdm kfv iadklfsb skfmfv dlsbv
swNfQswv ubA psKó rh.« (zfrml, zfhc qAftf, nrDr kfvoDh 666 bQ)
iajfw Kfsj sp, pcrfv bfmfp isV `hfhcp pcrf' dlsq ufâfsk pfWqfv rflDn nrDr bq.
(slJcb } pfmf} 1/349 eDjf bQ 1)

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n¶ftfkcp-pcrf hf yfsñv bfmfspv nmq ðv¢ rq nCpG pJb lwGsjv syfsJ ˆj hwGf (ˆj
dmefv) idvmfB …isv WsE. zKGf{ nCpG WEfv smfefmcde 15 dmdbe isv ˆƒ bfmfp iVf
pfq. (mcm} 4/122) zfv swN rq nCpG Ttfv zfso. ksh …Ùm rt, nCpG iChfG jfsw …]yc
rWqfv iv pJb mfde ovm rsk ðv¢ jvsh kJb ˆƒ bfmfp iVf. mrfbhD  hstb,
ªnCpG …sE sost kfviv bfmfp iV. jfvB, ˆƒ (nCpG mfKfv …iv zfnfv zfso ipG§À)
nmq bfmfp jhct rq ˆhQ kfsk dIdvñf …id²¿k Kfsjb.« (zf}, ƒmf}, rf}, nuf} 663bQ)
pfql dhb zfvjfm hstb, ˆjlf mrfbhD  jchfhfnDv dbjse ˆsn slJstb, kfvf
yfsñv bfmfp iVsY. dkdb htstb, ªzfWqfhDsbv (zfïfrv dlsj iakAfhkGbjfvDslv)
bfmfp pJb …sev hf¤yfv if hfdtsk ovm zbcHh jsv.« (zf}, mc} dk}, dm} 1312bQ)
…ÙÁ rflDn sKsj ±ió sp, ˆƒ yfsñv bfmfpsjƒ hst zfWqfhDsbv bfmfp. htf
hfùtA, mfosvshv iv 6 vfjzfk bfmfspv ‰ bfm slWqf dHdÙrDb.
iajfw Kfsj sp, ˆƒ bfmfpsj kfv iaKm zsÙÁ (nCpG ˆj hwGf hvfhv …isv …Efv iv)
iVst ƒwvfsjv bfmfp htf rq.
zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ Iusvv bfmfp ufmfzfsk isV, zk}iv nCspGflq
zhdL hsn zfïfrv dpjXv jsv kfviv lcƒ vfjzfk bfmfp isV, snƒ hAdÙÁv ˆjde
rÏ W …mvfv nWqfh tfH rq.« hBGbfjfvD hstb, zfïfrv vnCt  htstb,
ªidviCBG, idviCBG, idviCBG.« zKGf{ sjfb zn©iCBG rÏ-…mvfv nWqfh bq hvQ iCBG
rÏ-…mvfv nWqfh. (dk}, nkf} 461bQ)

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k]fv jKfq iamfdBk 12 vfjzfk.
x hdBGk, mrfbhD  mÄf dhusqv dlb k]fv Osv yfsñv nmq 8
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mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, mrfbhD  4 vfjzfk yfsñv bfmfp iVskb ˆhQ zfïfrv
kWIDj zbcnfsv zfsvf shwD iVskb. (zf}, mc}, ƒmf, dm} 1310bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ yfsñv 4 vfjzfk ˆhQ iaKm bfmfp (spfrsvv) iCshG 4
vfjzfk iVsh, kfv ubA ufâfsk ˆjde Ov dbmGfB jvf rsh.« (k¶fh zfWnfk¶, dnn} 2349bQ)
mf zfsqwf (vf}) 8 vfjzfk yfñX iVskb zfv htskb, pdl zfmfv mf-hfisjW
uDdhk jsv slWqf rq khcW zfdm kf YfVh bf. (mf}, dm} 1319bQ)
rpvk zfhc lfvlf
rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfïfrv vnCt  hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
yfwskv lc vfjzfk bfmfp iVsh sn …lfnDbslv kfdtjfHcÙÁ rsh bf. sp hAdÙÁ yfv
vfjzfk iVsh sn zfshlosBv kfdtjfHcÙÁ rsh. sp hAdÙÁ Yq vfjzfk iVsh kfv
ubA ‰ dlsb (zfïfr kfv zmÌstv dhv¢sÝ) psKó rshb. sp hAdÙÁ zfe vfjzfk
iVsh zfïfr kfsj ˆjf§À zbcokslv kfdtjfHcÙÁ jvshb. sp hAdÙÁ hfsvf vfjzfk
iVsh kfv ubA zfïfr ufâfsk ˆjde oxr dbmGfB jvshb. ˆmb sjfb dlb hf vfdÛ sbƒ
pfsk zfïfrv sjfb zbcoar sbƒ; dkdb k]fv hf¦lfslv msLA pfv iadk ƒ¤Yf lfböv™i …ÙÁ
zbcoar lfb jsv Kfsjb. zfv k]fv dpjXsv siavBf lfb jvf zsi[f swaô zbcoar zfïfr
k]fv hf¦lfslv msLA sjfb hf¦lfv iadkƒ jsvbdb.« (k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv, nkf} 671 bQ)
ntI jkGj x 12 vfjzfskv shwD iVfv jKfW iamfdBk. zkˆh sj… iVst shwD
iVsk ifsv. (dInc} zfvhD 1/186)
…sïJA sp, 2 vfjzfskv zdLj yfñX iVst iaskAj 2 vfjzfsk nftfm dIvfƒ …Ùm.
iajfw Kfsj sp, ˆƒ bfmfsp sjfb dbdlGó dj¶vfzfk sbƒ. nCvf wfmXn W pcrf iVfv
rflDnde uft. (dnp} 3774bQ)

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bfmfp zflfsqv …sÜswA öoxsr sKsj WpC jsv (mnduslv dlsj) shv rq snƒ hAdÙÁv
nWqfh rq ƒrvfm hf]Lf rfuDv bAfq. zfv sp hAdÙÁ sjhtmfÛ yfsñv bfmfp iVfv
…sÜswAƒ shv rq, kfv nWqfh rq …mvfjfvDv nmfb. ˆj bfmfspv iv ziv bfmfp;
sp lcsqv mfsU sjfb znfv (ifdKGh) dÛÁqfjtfi bf Kfsj kf ˆmb zfmt pf ƒdïqADsb
(n{stfsjv n{jmGfdl dtdihÝ jvfv dbhá oas§¿) dtdihÝ jvf rq.« (zflf}, nkf} 315bQ)

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yfsñv bfmfp iVfv iv dEj mfKfv …iv nCpG rWqfv iCshG 4 vfjzfk bIt iVf
ncâk. ˆ bfmfp mrfbhD  iVskb. (zf}, dk}, bf}, ƒmf}, dnn} 237bQ)
zsbsjv msk pfWqfstv isvW dbdlGó 4 vfjzfk bfmfp vsqsY.
zfhC zfƒqch zfbnfvD
hstb, bhD  nCpG Ttfv nmq 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iakAr
iVskb. ˆjlf zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb nCpG Ttfv nmq ˆƒ 4
vfjzfk iakAr iVsYb?' dkdb htstb, ªnCpG Ttfv nmq zfnmfsbv lvufnmCr sJftf
rq ˆhQ spfrsvv bfmfp bf iVf ipG§À há jvf rq bf. zkˆh zfdm iY¦l jdv sp, ˆƒ
nmq zfmfv sbj zfmt (zfjfsw zfïfrv dbje) …Efsbf srfj.« zfdm httfm, `kfv
iaskAj vfjzfskƒ dj dj¶vfzfk zfsY?' dkdb htstb, ªr]Af.« zfdm httfm, `kfv
mfsU dj ixKjjfvD nftfm zfsY?' dkdb htstb, ªbf.« (mcJkfnfv¢w wfmfƒdtt
mcrf©mfdlqAfr, zfthfbD 249bQ)
zfècïfr dhb nfsqh hstb, zfïfrv vnCt  nCpG Ttfv iv spfrsvv zfso 4 vfjzfk
bfmfp iVskb ˆhQ hstsYb, ˆef rt snƒ nmq, sp nmq zfnmfsbv lvufnmCr sJftf
rq. zkˆh zfdm iY¦l jdv sp, ˆƒ nmq zfmfv sbj zfmt (zfjfsw zfïfrv dbje)
…Efsbf srfj.« (‰ 250bQ)
dj§Â zsbsjv msk ‰ bfmfp spfrsvv iCshGv ncâk. zïfù zf'tfm.

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--) Jfƒv¢t tD ID lDbD z mfzf'wD z zf'-dj¶hfdk zfmvD z zf'-dudtrD z zf-

dudtr, Ifj¶lvc ù tD, z qAfndnvù tD, nc©mf hf-dvj tD IDr. zƒb jc§Àf kf'tfmc zfâf
rf-pft zfmvf wfv¢Gt tD ID lDbD z mfzf'wD z zf'-djhfdk zfmvD z zf'-dudtrD z
zf-dudtr, Ifn¶dvIù zfâD zn¶dvIbD zfbù, zj¶lcv dtqft Jfƒvf rfƒnc jf-bf nc©mf
vfp¶dp¶bD dhr.
zKG- sr zfïfr! dbÇyq zfdm skfmfv dbje skfmfv ƒtsmv nfsK mÌt iafKGbf jvdY.
skfmfv jclvskv nfsK wdÙÁ iafKGbf jvdY ˆhQ skfmfv dhvfe zbcoar sKsj dH[f pfybf
jvdY. sjbbf, kcdm wdÙÁ vfJ, zfdm wdÙÁ vfdJ bf. kcdm ufb, zfdm ufdb bf ˆhQ kcdm
zlxswAv idvÎfkf. sr zfïfr! pdl kcdm ˆƒ (---) jfu zfmfv ubA zfmfv äDb, lcdbqf,
uDhb ˆhQ jfsuv dhtdìk W zdhtdìk idvBfsm Hfstf ufb, kfrst kf zfmfv ubA
dbLGfdvk W nru jsv lfW. zk}iv kfsk zfmfv ubA hjGk lfb jv. zfv pdl kcdm
ˆƒ jfu zfmfv ubA zfmfv äDb, lcdbqf, uDhb ˆhQ jfsuv dhtdìk W zdhtdìk
idvBfsm m¦l ufb, kfrst kf zfmfv dbje sKsj dIdvsq bfW ˆhQ zfmfsj Wv dbje
sKsj ndvsq lfW. zfv spJfsbƒ srfj mÌt zfmfv ubA hf²Àhfdqk jv, zk}iv kfsk
zfmfv mbsj idvkcó jsv lfW.
iaKsm
1/4f‫א
א‬X/I `rf-pft zfmvf' ˆv ²¿st hf isv jfsuv bfm dbsk rsh zKhf msb
msb snƒ ÎfkhA dhNsqv iadk ƒdÌk jvsk rsh.
mrfbhD  ˆƒ lczf nfrfhDoBsj dwJfskb, spmb jcvzfsbv nCvf dwJfskb. zfv
ˆJfb sKsjƒ sYfe-hV njt jfsuƒ ƒd²ÀJfvfv Èv¢k¶ iajfw ifq.
sn hAdÙÁ jsmG sjfbdlb tfdÒk rq bf sp zfïfrv dbje kfsk mÌt iafKGbf jsv,
zdHÎslv dbje ivfmwG oarB jsv ˆhQ Hfstf-m¦l dhyfv jvfv iv jmG jsv. (hc},
zflf}, dk}, zf} 3 /344)
ÎfkhA sp, ƒd²ÀJfvfv iCshG jfsuv Hfstf-ms¦lv sjfb ˆjef dlsjv iadk zdLj
iahBkf Kfjst ytsh bf. hvQ ˆƒ iahBkf zfïfrv kvI sKsj nxdó rsh ƒd²ÀJfvfv
isvƒ. zfv kf ˆjhfv jvstƒ rsh. 7 hfv jvfv rflDn nrDr bq. (ƒhbcn ncâD 598bQ-
ˆv eDjf û})
iajfw Kfsj sp, ncbfsb vfskhfr zKhf kfdrqAfkct mfndul zKhf sp sjfb 2
vfjzfk ncâskv iv vfskv zKhf dlsbv (dbdNÝ nmq YfVf) sp sjfb nmsq …ÙÁ lczf
iVf pfq. …ÙÁ bfmfspv dbqm nfLfvB ncâk bfmfspv mkƒ.
ˆ bfmfspv iaskAj vfjzfsk sjfb dbdlGó iEbDq nCvf sbƒ. sp sjfb nCvf iVstƒ
yst.
ˆƒ bfmfp zbA äfvf iVfsbf pfq bf. spmb öi´spfso ±ió djYc slJfW uv¢vD bq.
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tffk
kk
ck
c k
kffnnhhDDr
r
mrfbhD  sKsj hdBGk jvf rsq Kfsj sp, ˆjlf dkdb k]fv yfyf zfêfn
-sj
htstb, ªsr zfêfn, sr yfyf! zfdm dj zfibfsj slh bf? zfdm dj zfibfsj lfb
jvh bf? zfdm dj dhswNHfsh zfibfsj ˆjde dudbn lfb jvh bf? zfdm dj zfibfsj
ˆmb dudbn dwdJsq slh bf, pf zfibfv 10 iajfv ifi Jàb jsv dlsk ifsv? pdl
zfidb kf jsvb kfrst zfïfr zfibfv iaKm W swsNv, icvfkb W bCkb, zdb¤Yfjxk
W ƒ¤Yfjxk, sYfe W hV, Èå W iajfwA ˆƒ 10 iajfv ifi mfI jsv slshb.
snef rt ˆƒ sp, zfidb 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVshb. iaskAj vfjzfsk zfidb nCvf
Ifdkrfv iv ˆjde nCvf iVshb. zk}iv iaKm vfjzfsk nCvf iVf swN rst zfidb
l]fdVsq sKsjƒ 15 hfv htshb,
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nchrfbfïfdr ztrfmlc dtïfdr ztf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfù zïfù zfjhfv.
ˆviv zfidb v¢jC jvshb. v¢jC zh²¿fq (knhDrv iv) 10 hfv ‰ dpjXv htshb.
zk}iv v¢jC sKsj mfKf kctshb. (vfêfbf tfjft rfmXl htfv iv) ‰ dpjXv 10 hfv
htshb. zk}iv zfidb dnulfq pfshb. (dnulfv knhDr isV) ‰ dpjXv 10 hfv
htshb. zk}iv dnulf sKsj mfKf kcst (lczf htfv iv) ‰ dpjXv 10 hfv htshb.
kfviv icbvfq dnulfq dosq (knhDrv iv) ‰ dpjXv 10 hfv htshb. zk}iv dnulf
sKsj mfKf kcst (ƒd²Àvfrfv ShEsj) ‰ dpjXv 10 hfv htshb. ˆƒ rt iaskAj
vfjzfsk 75 hfv iEbDq dpjXv. (4 vfjzfsk nhGsmfe 300 hfv.)
ˆƒHfsh zfidb iaskAj vfjzfsk ifE jsv 4 vfjzfk bfmfp isVb. ifvst
iaskAj dlb 1hfv isVb. kf bf ifvst iaskAj ucmzfq 1hfv isVb. kf bf ifvst
iaskAj mfsn 1hfv. kf bf ifvst iaskAj hYsv 1hfv. kfW bf ifvst nfvf uDhsbW
1hfv isVb. (zflf}, bf}, ƒmf}, ƒJc}, rf}, k¶fh}, nkf} 674bQ, nuf} 7937bQ)
ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªzfibfv sofbfr pdl nmcsûv sIbf hf umfe h]fLf hfdtv mk
zodBk rq khcW zfïfr zfibfv ubA nm²Àsj [mf jsv slshb.« (dk}, ƒmf}, lfvf}, hf},
k¶fh}, nkf} 675bQ)
iajfw sp, kfwfrùslv ShEsj knhDr kfwfrùl iVfv zfso iVsk rsh. (bfb} 238ix})

ˆ
ˆƒƒ bbffmmffssppvv nnmmqq
zfècïfr dhb zfmXv zKhf zfècïfr dhb …mfv zKhf zfècïfr dhb zfêfn hstb,
ˆjlf bhD  zfmfsj htstb, ªkcdm zfofmD jft zfmfv dbje ˆn. zfdm skfmfsj
djYc lfb jvh, djYc iadklfb slh, djYc slh.« zfdm Hfhtfm, rqskf dkdb zfmfsj
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314

sjfb dudbn …irfv slshb. dj§Â dkdb zfmfsj htstb, ªdlb (nCpG) Tst sost
(spfrsvv iCshG) WE ˆhQ 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iV.« (zfmf} 4/127, kczf} 2/491)
zk}iv zfècïfr iCshGfÙÁ rflDsnv mk …sïJ jvstb. idvswsN mrfbhD  k]fsj
htstb, ªpdl kcdm ixdKhDv hcsj nhsysq hV ifiDW rW khcW ‰ bfmfspv znDtfq
zfïfr skfmfsj mfI jsv slshb.«
zfècïfr hstb, zfdm pdl ‰ nmq ‰ bfmfp iVsk bf ifdv? dkdb htstb, ªvfsk
dlsb sp sjfb nmsq iV.« (zflf} 1298bQ)
iajfw Kfsj sp, ˆƒ bfmfsp Hct rst nù dnulfq ‰ dpjXv ifE jvsk rsh bf. (zfmf}
4/126, kczf} 2/490)
ÎfkhA sp ufmfzfk jsv ˆ bfmfp iVf dhsLq bq. zfsvf nkjGkfv dhNq sp, ˆ
bfmfpsj zsbsj dhlzfk hst …sïJ jsvsYb. wfqJ ƒhsb …NfƒmDb hstb,
`lchtG rflDnsj dHdÙ jsv mksHl nxdó
rWqfv
ˆjde
…lfrvB `n¶ftfkck kfnhDr.'

ˆ
bfmfp djYc
…tfmfv dbje mc²Àfrfh. ˆv iÝdk rt
ˆƒ sp, yfv vfjzfk bfmfsp
bfmfpD nCvf Ifdkrf ifE jvsh ˆhQ kfviv 15 hfv kfnhDr iVsh. zbv™i v¢jC W
dnulfq (10 hfv) kfnhDr ifE jvsh---. ˆƒHfsh swN vfjzfk ipG§À sp dbqm-
iÝdk zfsY, pfv hBGbf zfdm ndEjHfsh dlsk ifvdY bf. jfvB,
…ÙÁ
bfmfspv rflDnsj
wvDqskv rflDn hst zfmfv dhw¶fn rq bf.
zbAfbA …tfmfoB msb jsvb sp, `n¶ftfkck kfnhDr' bfmfp ziY¦lbDq dhlzfk
ˆhQ kfv rflDn nrDr bq. ˆ]slv msLA ˆjub rstb ƒmfm zfrmfl dhb rfìt (v}).
dkdb hstsYb, `bhD  sKsj ˆ rflDn nrDr nCsÛ
hdBGk bq.'
wfqJct ƒntfm ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr hstb, `…ÙÁ bfmfspv rflDnde zfïfrv vnCt -
ˆv iadk zfsvfdik dmKAf.'
iajkx ia²Àfsh sp hAdÙÁ ˆ bfmfpde (rflDnde) dbsq dhyfv-dhshybf jvsh, sn slJsk
ifsh sp, ˆsk vsqsY ˆjfdLj …ßdÕ.
ˆmbdj bfmfpde dhdLhÝ
rWqfv hAfifsvW
…ßdÕ

t[BDq. sjbbf,
ƒhflk rq r™lsqv ubA …ijfvD rsh. zfv kf rst ‰ ƒhflk
nhGjft W nhG²¿fsbv ubA dhdLhÝ
rsh. bsy{ kf …ijfvD rsh bf. zfv kf rst kf
dhdLh݃ bq. htf hfùtA, …ÙÁ
rflDsn sp bfmfspv jKf htf rsqsY sp, kf iaskAj dlb
zKhf iaskAj nåfr zKhf iaskAj mfn
zKhf iaskAj hYsv ˆjhfv. zfv kf bf
ifvst uDhsbW
ˆjhfv iVsh
-ˆmb jKfv bpDv wvDqsk dmst bf. nckvfQ
…ÙÁ

rflDnde kfv nbl W mkb (hBGbf-nCÛ W
hÙÁhA)
…Hq dlj dlsqƒ sp …ße, kf
±ió

rq. zfv dpdb rflDndesj dmKAf hstsYb -spmb wfqJct
ƒntfm hstsYb -dkdb dEjƒ
hstsYb. ˆ ubA wfqJct ƒntfm zfsvf hstsYb, `ƒmfmosBv sj…ƒ ˆƒ bfmfpsj
mc²Àfrfh msb jsvbdb.'
ˆJfsb `n¶ftfkck kfnhDr' dlsq …lfrvB slWqfv ˆjmfÛ
jfvB
ˆƒ sp, bfvD-icv¢N
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315

zsbsjƒ ˆ dbsq iaw´ jsv Kfsj. pfsk zfmfv Hq rq sp, ˆƒ bfmfspv dhlzfkde
dhsLq (wvqD) dhNsq idvBk rsq pfsh. zfv pdlW djYc mfbcsNv dbje HfvD, khcW zfdm
ˆƒ bfmfpsj dhlzfk ˆƒ jfvsB htdY sp, zfmvf dhw¶fn jdv, mrfb zfïfrv …sÜswA
sp sjfb
ƒhflskv hBGbf djkfh zKhf k]fv vnCstv (nrDr) ncâfq bf Kfjst kf
dhlzfk.'
(stJj jkGjx zbCdlk …tfmfv mkfSbjA 24-25ix})
i[f§Àsv ƒhsb rfufv, wfqJ zfrmfl wfsjv W zfïfmf mchfvjicvD iamcJ …ÙÁ
rflDnsj rfnfb hstb. ƒmfm rfsjm W pfrfhDW rflDndesj wdÙÁwftD hst m§ÀhA
jsvb. JkDh hfolflD, ƒmfm bWhD, ƒhsb n¶ftfr ˆhQ mcrfsÜn zfïfmf zfthfbD (v})
iamcJ …tfmfoB …ÙÁ bfmfspv rflDnsj nrDr hstb. (û} dm} 1328bQ, 1/419, 1bQ eDjf)
zkˆh zfïfrƒ Hfstf ufsbb.

nnf¶ f¶ t
tffk
kt
ct
c r
rff--u
uffr
r
n¶ftfkct rf-ufr hf iasqfub iCvsBv bfmfp zKGf{ Èv¢k¶iCBG djYc yfƒsk 2 vfjzfk
ˆƒ bIt bfmfp dhsLq. mrfbhD  pJb sjfb jdEb dhisl hf nmnAfq iVskb, kJb
bfmfp iVskb. (zf}, zflf} 1319, bf}, dm} 1325bQ) zfv mrfb zfïfr hstb,
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zKGf{, sr „mfblfvoB! skfmvf SLpG W bfmfspv mfLAsm (zfïfrv jfsY) nfrfpA
iafKGbf jv. (jc} 2/45, 153)
ˆj zá hAdÙÁ bhD -ˆv dbje ˆsn htt, `zfidb zfïfrv dbje lczf jv¢b, spb
zfïfr zfmfsj zák¶ sKsj mcÙÁ jsvb.' dkdb htstb, ªpdl kcdm yfW skfmfv ubA
lczf jvh. bsy{ pdl yfW SLpG Lv ˆhQ snefƒ skfmfv ubA swaq.« stfjde htt, `hvQ
zfidb lczf jv¢b.'
nckvfQ dkdb kfsj Wpc jvsk htstb ˆhQ Hfstfv™si Wpc jsv lc' vfjzfk bfmfp
isV ˆƒ lczf jvsk zfslw dlstb}-
`sr zfïfr! zfdm skfmfv dbje iafKGbf jvdY. skfmfv bhD, lqfv bhDv nfsK skfmfv
zdHmcJ rd¤Y. sr mcrf©ml! zfdm zfibfv nfsK zfmfv iadkiftsjv iadk zfmfv ˆƒ
iasqfub iCvsBv hAfifsv zdHmcJD rsqdY. sr zfïfr! zfmfv hAfifsv kcdm ˆ]v ncifdvw
oarB jv ˆhQ ˆ]v hAfifsv kcdm zfmfv ncifdvw oarB jv.'
hBGbfjfvD hstb sp, zk}iv ‰ hAdÙÁ ‰v™i jvst sn kfv lxdówdÙÁ dIsv sit. (dk},
bf}, ƒmf}, ƒJc}, rf}, nkf} 678bQ)
iajfw Kfsj sp, zHfh smfysbv bfmfp W tìf lczfv rflDnde zkA§À lcht
G . (dk} 479,
ƒmf}, dm} 1327bQ, eDjf û})
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r
n¶ftfkck kfWhfr hf kWhf jvfv nmq dhswN 2 zKhf vfjzfk bfmfp iVf dhsLq.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb sofbfr jsv sIst zk}iv …sE WpC jsv 2
vfjzfk bfmfp isV zfïfrv jfsY [mf iafKGbf jsv, sn hAdÙÁsj zfïfr mfI jsv
slb.« zk}iv mrfbhD  ˆƒ zfqfk sktfzk jsvb}-

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zKGf{, zfv pfvf sjfb zw½Dt jfu jsv sIst zKhf dbsuslv iadk uctcm jsv (ifi
jsv) sIst zk}iv nfsK nfsK zfïfrsj n¹vB jsv dbsuslv ifsiv ubA [mf iafKGbf
jsv; zfv zfïfr YfVf zfv sj ifi [mf jvsh? zfv kfvf susb-ðsb dbsuslv
zivfsLv …iv rEjfdvkf jsv bf. ‰ njt stfsjslv icvõfv rt kfslv
iadkiftsjv jfsY [mf ˆhQ snƒ shsrñX pfv iflslsw blDmftf iahfdrk; snJfsb kfvf
dyvjft hfn jvsh. (jc} 3/135-136) (zflf} 1521, dk}, bf}, ƒmf}, ƒdr}, ƒJc}, hf}, nkf} 677bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ …Ùmv™si WpC jsv zk}iv …sE 2 vfjzfk zKhf 4
vfjzfk Ivp zKhf zIvp (ncâk hf bIt) bfmfp …Ùmv™si v¢jC W dnulf jsv isV,
zk}iv sn zfïfrv jfsY [mf iafKGbf jsv, sn hAdÙÁsj [mf jsv slWqf rq.« (k¶fh})

yy¦¦û
ûWW nnCpCpo
Go
G r
ar
a ssBBvv bbffmmffpp
n¶ftfkct jcnCI zt-JcnCI hf y¦û W nCpG oarsBv bfmfp 4 v¢jCsk 2 vfjzfk ncâfsk
mczfÄflfr. ˆƒ bfmfspv dbqm dbm´v™i }-
ys¦û zKhf nCspG oarB tfof ðv¢ rst `zfnX-n¶ftf-kc ufsmzfr' hst zfrhfb jvsk
rsh mcndtmslvsj.
ufmfzfsk jfkfv h]fLf rst ƒmfm nfsrh bfmfp ðv¢ jvshb. nwsè nCvf Ifdkrfv
iv tìf dj¶vfzfk jvshb ˆhQ kfviv v¢jCsk pfshb. tìf v¢jC sKsj mfKf kcst
icbvfq hcsj rfk svsJ (nCvf Ifdkrf isV) zfhfv iChfG si[f jm tìf dj¶vfzfk
jvshb. zk}iv däkDqhfv zsi[fjxk jm tìf v¢jC jsv hfjD vfjzfk nfLfvB
bfmfspv mk swN jsv däkDq vfjzfskW zbcv™i 2 hfv dj¶vfzfk W 2 hfv v¢jC jsv
bfmfp n©iâ jvshb. ˆ bfmfspv dnulfW rsh Jch tìf. iaKm vfjzfskv sysq däkDq
vfjzfk zsi[fjxk sYfe rsh. mcÙÁflDoB sp dbqsm ƒmfsmv zbcnvB jvsk rq, snƒ
dbqsm zbcnvB jvsh. ˆƒ bfmfp ˆk tìf rWqf …dyk sp, spb bfmfp swN rsq slJf
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pfq, nCpG hf ys¦ûv oarB sYsV sosY.

zbcv™iHfsh bfmfp swN jsv l]fdVsq mrfbhD  Jckhf dlsqdYstb. rfmXl W nfbfv
iv hstdYstb, ªnCpG W y¦û mrfb nxdójkGf zfïfr kfzftfv zbAkm dblwGb. jfsvf
mxkAc hf us¦mv ubA …Hsq oarB tfso bf. zkˆh kfsk oarB tfosk slJst skfmvf
zfkdËk rsq bfmfsp mo´ rW.« (hc} 1047bQ, mc})
bfmfspv nfsK nfsK ˆƒ nmq lczf, kjhDv, ƒd²ÀoIfv W nljfr jvf mc²Àfrfh. spsrkc
mrfbhD  hstb, ªnCpG W y¦û mrfb nxdójkGf zfïfr kfzftfv zbAkm hV dblwGb.
jfsvf mxkAc hf us¦mv ubA …Hsq oarB tfso bf. zkˆh kfsk oarB tfosk slJst
skfmvf zfïfrv jfsY lczf jv, kjhDv iV, nljfr jv ˆhQ bfmfp iV.« (hc}
1044bQ, mc}, dm} 1483bQ) zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªskfmvf zfkdËk rsq zfïfrv
dpjXv, lczf W ƒd²ÀoIfsv mo´ rW.« (‰, dm} 1484bQ)
ˆƒ nmq dkdb ÛÁDklfn mcÙÁ jvsk (hc} 1054bQ) ˆhQ jhsvv zfpfh sKsj ifbfr
yfƒskW zfslw jsvsYb. (hc} 1050bQ)
…sïJA sp, jfsvf pdl lcƒ v¢jcv ˆjdeW Ycse pfq, kfrst vfjzfk oBA jvsh bf.
jfvB, ˆjde v¢jC Ycse sost vfjzfk rsh bf. ƒmfsmv nftfm dIvfv iv 2de v¢jC dhdwó
1 vfjzfk bfmfp jfpf iVsk rsh. (Iƒ} 1/350, mh} 13/98, 23/93, mcmck¶fnf} 129-130ix})
iCshGƒ htf rsqsY sp, y¦û-nCpG oarsBv bfmfp ncâfsk mczfÄflfr. dj§Â ˆv kctbfq sp
bfmfspv Èv¢k¶ shwD snƒ bfmfspv nmsq ˆƒ bfmfspv nmq rst zdLj Èv¢k¶iCBG
bfmfpƒ iVsk rsh. spmb, ucmzfr hf „slv nmq nCpGoarB ðv¢ rst, zKhf kfvfhDrv
nmq y¦ûoarB ðv¢ rst oarsBv bfmfspv …iv ‰ njt bfmfp iafLfbA ifsh.
dbdNÝ nmsqv msLA; spmb Iuv W zfnsvv iv oarB tfostW ‰ bfmfp iVf pfq.
Ivp bfmfspv nmq ˆsn sost ‰ bfmfp rfîf jsv iVsk rsh. bfmfspv ivW oarB
hfjD Kfjst däkDqhfv ‰ bfmfp iVf dhsLq bq.
spmb oarB iakA[ bf jvf ipG§À sjht idÓjfv drnfshv …iv dbHGv jsv ‰ bfmfp
iVf dhsLq bq. zbcv™i dhsLq bq oarB lxwA bf rst.
HCdmj©i, UV, dbvhd¤Yâ huaifk, zfso´qdodvv zdo´ …lXdovB iaHdx k iafjxdkj
lcspGfsov nmqW oarsBv mk bfmfp iVfv jKf rpvk zftD, ƒhsb zfêfn W ùpfƒIf
nfrfhD jkGj x hdBGk zfsY. (mcm} 5/255)
iajfw Kfsj sp, nCpG hf y¦û oarsBv nmq oHGhkDsj ˆ jvsk sbƒ, sn jvsk sbƒ,
ðsq Kfjsk rq hf kfv ˆƒ jvst snƒ rq iaHdx k jKf wvDqsk sbƒ. nckvfQ dhÎfb
pdl kf nmKGb bf jsv kfrst kf zmCtj LfvBfianCk jKf. iv§Â wvDqsk zfsY msb
jsv ˆ jKf htf W mfbf rst kf dhlzfk. zhwA Jfdt syfsJ oarB slJst syfJ Jfvfi
rsk ifsv, sn jKf nkA.
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iafKGbfv …sÜswA iVf ncâk.
hxdó há rWqfv jfvB, mfbcsNv ifi W dhswN jsv pfjfk há jsv slWqf. mrfbhD
 hstb, ªsr mcrfduvlt! i]fyde jmG ˆmb vsqsY pfsk skfmvf dtå rsq iVst
(…ipcÙÁ wfd²À skfmfslvsj oafn jvsh). zfdm zfïfrv dbje ifbfr yfƒ, pfsk skfmvf
kf iakA[ bf jv.
pJbƒ sjfb ufdkv msLA zw½Dtkf (hAdHyfv) iajfwAHfsh hAfij rsh kJbƒ snƒ
ufdkv msLA si½o ˆhQ ˆmb mrfmfvD hAfij rsh pf kfslv iChGicv¢Nslv mfsU dYt bf.
sp ufdkƒ mfi W Wusb jm slsh sn ufdkƒ lcdHG[, jdEb JflA-nQje ˆhQ
wfnjsofôDv zkAfyfsvv dwjfv rsh.
sp ufdkƒ kfv mfstv pfjfk slWqf há jvsh sn ufdkv ubAƒ zfjfw rsk hxdó há
jsv slWqf rsh. pdl zbAfbA iafBDjct bf Kfjk kfrst kfslv ubA zfslZ hxdó rk bf.
sp ufdk zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv iadkwa¢dk HÌ jvsh sn ufdkv …isvƒ kfslv
dhufkDq wÛ¢ltsj [mkfnDb jvf rsh; pfvf kfslv mfdtjfbf-HcÙÁ hù Lb-n©il
dbsuslv jcd[ok jvsh.
zfv sp ufdkv wfnjsofôD pk[B ipG§À bf zfïfrv djkfh (dhLfb) zbcpfqD slw
wfnb jvsh kk[B ipG§À dkdb kfslv mfsU oxrä¦ä zh²¿fqD vfJshb.« (hfƒrfjD, ƒhsb
mfufr 4019bQ, nrDr kfvoDh 759bQ)
rpvk ƒhsb zfêfn
jkxj G hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt  hstb, ªi]fydev iadkIt
i]fyde.« duÎfnf jvf rt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! i]fydev iadkIt i]fyde dj dj?' dkdb
htstb, ªsp ufdkƒ (zfïfrv) iadkwa¢dk HÌ jvsh snƒ ufdkv …isvƒ kfslv
wÛ¢sj [mkfnDb jvf rsh. sp ufdkƒ zfïfrv zhkDBGjk x nQdhLfb YfVf zbA äfvf
vfóº idvyftbf jvsh snƒ ufdkv mfsUƒ ldvûkf hAfij rsh. sp ufdkv mfsU zw½Dtkf
(hAdHyfv) iajfw ifsh sn ufdkv mfsUƒ mxkcA hAfij rsh. sp ufdkƒ pfjfk slWqf
há jvsh snƒ ufdkv ubAƒ hxdó há jsv slWqf rsh. sp ufdk l]fdV-mfvf wcv¢ jvsh
sn ufdk Int sKsj hdÑk rsh ˆhQ lcdHGs[ zfÛÁf§À rsh.« (k¶fh}, nkf} 760bQ)
htf hfùtA, hxdó iafKGbfv ubA kWhf W ƒd²ÀoIfv uv¢vD. mrfb zfïfr rpvk bCr
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(ƒd²ÀoIfv) jv. dkdb skf mrf [mfwDt. dkdb skfmfslv ubA iaycv idvmfsB hxdóifk
jvshb. dkdb skfmfslvsj Lb-n©il W n§Àfb-n§Àdk äfvf nmxÝ jvshb. zfv
skfmfslv ubA hfofb SkvD jsv slshb ˆhQ iahfdrk jsv slshb blD-bftf. (jc}
71/10-12)
ˆjf§À dhbsqv nfsK, nfLfvB zfesiZsv hf jfsuv (icvfkb) jfiV isv, LDv W
wf§ÀHfsh jfjcdk-dmbdkv nfsK njfst „lofsr shv rsq ˆƒ bfmfp iVsk rq.
ˆƒ bfmfp „slv bfmfspv mkƒ zfpfb W ƒjfmk YfVf 2 vfjzfk. iaskAj
vfjzfsk nwsè nCvf Ifdkrfv iv sp sjfb nCvf iVf pfq. bfmfspv zfso zKhf isv
rsh Jckhf. Jckhfq ƒmfm nfsrh shwD shwD ƒd²ÀoIfv W lczf jvshb. mcÙÁflDoB sn
lczfq `zfmDb' htsh. ˆƒ lczfq dhswN jsv ƒmfm (ˆhQ njst) Jch shwD rfk
kctshb. mfKf hvfhv rfk kcst lczf jvshb. (zflf} 1168, ƒdr}, dm} 1504bQ) ˆmb dj
yflv ofsq Kfjst kfsk hostv nflf zQw slJf pfsh. (hc} 1031, mc} 895bQ)
hxdó iafKGbfv nmq …¬ef rfsk lczf jvf mc²Àfrfh. zKGf{, nfLfvB iafKGbfv jvfv nmq
rfskv skstf hf dHkv dljef rsh zfjfswv dlsj ˆhQ hxdó iafKGbfv nmq rsh mfdev
dlsj; zfv rfskv hfdrv dljef rsh zfjfswv dlsj. rpvk zfbfn
hstb, `ˆjlf
bhD  hxdó iafKGbf jvst dkdb k]fv rfskv disEv dljef zfjfswv dlsj kcst ƒdÌk
jvstb.' (mc} 895-896bQ)
ƒmfm ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr iamcJ …tfmfoB hstb, sjfb djYc yfWqf rq rfskv dHksvv
zQw dlsqƒ, hfƒsvv zQw dlsq bq. zfnst zfïfrv bhD  rfk lcdesj mfKfv …isv
Jch shwD …sÙftb jvst slsJ msb rsqdYt sp, dkdb rfskv hfƒsvv zQw zfjfswv
dlsj jsvdYstb. (zft-ƒbnfI 2/458, mcm} 5/283)
zk}iv djhtfmcJ rsq yflv …¬efshb; zKGf{, yflsvv Ffb dljefsj hfm dlsj, hfm
dljefsj Ffb dlsj jsv sbshb ˆhQ …iv dljef dbsyv dlsj W dbsyv dljef …iv
dlsj jvshb. mcÙÁflDoBW zbcv™i jvsh. ˆviv njst icbvfq (ˆjfjD) lczf jsv
hfdV dIvsh.
yflv …¬efsbf ˆhQ lczfv nmq …¬ef rfk jvf zfnst ˆj iajfv jmGok lczf. zKGf{, sr
mWtf! kcdm zfmfslv ˆƒ yflv W rfk …¬efsbfv mk zfmfslv hkGmfb lcvh²¿fW ifs¬e
lfW. zfmfslv zbfhxdóv zh²¿fsj öfHfdhj zh²¿fq dIdvsq lfW. (bfb} 234ix})
iajfw Kfsj sp, ƒd²Ànjfv ubA sjfb dbdlGó dlb sbƒ. sp sjfb ˆjde dlb dEj jsv
snƒ dlsb bfmfp iVf pfq. svfpf vfJf, ið sbWqf ƒkAfdlv jKfW rflDsn sbƒ. (mcm}
5/271-272)
hxdó iafKGbfv däkDq iÝdk }
ucmzfv Jckhfq ƒmfm nfsrh rfk kcst lczf jvshb ˆhQ mcÙÁflDvfW rfk kcst
`zfmDb-zfmDb' htsh.
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320

ˆjlf mrfbhD  ucmzfv Jckhf dld¤Ystb. ˆmb nmq ˆj mv¢hfnD (shlc„b) …sE
l]fdVsq htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! mft-Lb L¶Qn rsq sot zfv idvhfv idvub (JfslAv
zHfsh) [cLfkG sKsj sot. nckvfQ zfidb zfmfslv ubA zfïfrv jfsY lczf jv¢b.'
kJb bhD  dbsuv lcƒ rfk kcst lczf jvstb ˆhQ stfsjvfW k]fv nfsK lczfv ubA
rfk kctt. Ist ˆmb hxdó wcv¢ rt sp ivhkGD ucmzfsk …ÙÁ (hf zbA ˆj) hAdÙÁ
icbvfq JfVf rsq htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! Ov-hfdV sHsM sot ˆhQ mft-Lb Fcsh
sot. nckvfQ zfidb zfmfslv ubA lczf jv¢b!' mrfbhD  kJb dbsuv rfk kcst
icbvfq hxdó há rWqfv ubA lczf jvstb ˆhQ hxdóW sKsm sot. (hc} 932, 933, 1013,
1029, mc} 897bQ, bf}, zf} 3/256, 271)

hxdó iafKGbfv kxkDq iÝdk }

wcvfrhDt dhb dnmXk ˆjlf jf'h dhb mcvfG rsj zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv rflDn hBGbf
jvsk htst dkdb htstb, ˆj hAdÙÁ zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv dbje ˆsn htt, `zfidb
mcpfv (sofsÛv) ubA hxdó iafKGbf jv¢b.' dkdb htstb, ªkcdm skf shw lc}nfrdnj!
(sjht) mcpfsvv ubA (hxdó)?« stfjde htt, `zfidb zfïfr zfppf zufïfv jfsY
nfrfpA iafKGbf jsvsYb, dkdb zfibfsj nfrfpA jsvsYb. zfïfr zfppf zufïfv jfsY
lczf jsvsYb, dkdb kf jhct jsvsYb.' ˆ jKf swfbfv iv mrfbhD  lcƒ rfk kcst
hxdó iafKGbfv lczf jvstb ˆhQ ˆk hxdó rt sp, kf há jvfv ubA icbvfq dkdb lczf
jvstb. (zf}, ƒmf} 1269bQ, hf}, ƒzfwf}, rf})
hxdó iafKGbfv ykcKG iÝdk }
ƒmfm wf`hD jkGj x hdBGk, dkdb hstb, ˆjlf …mfv
hxdó iafKGbf jvsk shv rsq
sjht ƒd²ÀoIfv ([mf iafKGbf) jsv dIsv ˆstb. stfsjvf htt, `zfmvf skf zfibfsj
hxdó yfƒsk slJtfm bf?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `zfdm snƒ b[sÛv mfsU hxdó iafKGbf
jsvdY, pfsk hxdó rsq Kfsj. zk}iv dkdb ˆƒ zfqfk ifE jvstb,
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jv¢Bfmq, lqfhfb. dhyfv dlhsnv zdLidk. zfïfr YfVf sjfb nkA …ifnA sbƒ, dkdb
pf ƒ¤Yf kfƒ jsvb. sr zfïfr! kcdmƒ zfïfr! kcdm YfVf sjfb nkA zfvfLA sbƒ. kcdmƒ
zHfhmcÙÁ ˆhQ zfmvf zHfhoa²À. zfmfslv …iv hxdó hNGB jv ˆhQ pf hNGB jsvY kf
zfmfslv ubA dbdlGó nmqjft ipG§À wdÙÁ W psKókfv jfvB hfbfW. (zflf} 1173bQ)
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ifrfV, detf, …ikAjf ˆhQ hx[fdlv …lXok rWqfv ²¿fsb hNGfW. (hc}, mc} 897bQ)
ufbfpfv bfmfp n©isjG stJj jkGxj iaBDk `ufbfpf liGB' ûóhA.

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dktfzskv dnulf jcvzfb sktfzkjfvD W swafkfv ubA ncâk. ˆjlf rpvk …mfv

ucmzfv dlb dmìsvv …isv nCvf bfrt ifE jvstb. dnulfv zfqfk ˆst dkdb
dmìv sKsj sbsm dnulfr jvstb ˆhQ stfsjvfW k]fv nfsK dnulfr jvt. zk}iv
ivhkGD ucmzfskW dkdb ‰ nCvf ifE jvstb. pJb dnulfv zfqfk ˆt, kJb dkdb
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dnulfr jvsh, sn dEj jvsh. zfv sp jvsh bf, kfv sjfb sofbfr rsh bf.'
zbA ˆj hBGbfq dkdb hstb, `zfïfr zfmfslv …iv (dktfzskv) dnulfr Ivp
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jcvzfb mfuDsl smfe 15 ufqofq dnulfr jvf ncâk. kf pKfÛÁsm dbm´v™i}-
1. nCvf zf'vfI 206 bQ zfqfk.
2. nCvf vf'l 15bQ zfqfk.
3. nCvf bfrt 50bQ zfqfk.
4. nCvf ƒnvf' (hfbD ƒnvf„t) 109bQ zfqfk.
5. nCvf mfvqAfm 58bQ zfqfk.
6. nCvf rfÏ 18bQ zfqfk.
7. nCvf rfÏ 77bQ zfqfk.
8. nCvf Icvj¶fb 60bQ zfqfk.
9. nCvf bfmXt 26bQ zfqfk.
10. nCvf nfulfr 15bQ zfqfk.
11. nCvf n¶f-l 24bQ zfqfk.
12. nCvf IcnXdn¶tfk (rf-dmm nfulfr) 38bQ zfqfk.
13. nCvf bfuXm 62bQ zfqfk.
14. nCvf ƒbdwj¶fj¶ 21bQ zfqfk.
15. nCvf zftfj¶ 19bQ zfqfk.

ddnnu
ullffvv u
ubbAA W
WppC C u
uvv¢¢vvDD ddj
j??
dktfzskv dnulfv ubA WpC wkG bq. wvmofr Tfjf Kfjst sjhtfmcsJ ˆƒ dnulfr
jvf pfq. spsrkc WpC wkG rWqfv hAfifsv sjfb nrDr hBGbf ifWqf pfq bf. (bfzf}, mcm}
4/126, dInc} zfvhD 1/196)

ddk
kttffz
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kvv ddnnu
ullffvv llcz
czff
1- K9 ' < d ‫
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…¤yfvB
zj¶c…Wqfdkr.
zKG- zfmfv mcJmàt k]fv ubA dnulfhbk rt dpdb Wsj nxdó jsvsYb ˆhQ n¶Dq
wdÙÁ W [mkfq Wv y[c W jBGsj …lXok jsvsYb. (zflf}, n}dk}474bQ, zfrml 6/30)
zfhC lf…slv hBGbfq zfsY, ˆƒ lczf dnulfq ˆjfdLjhfv ifE jvsk rq.
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…¤yfvB}-- zfïfù©mfjkch tD dhrf ƒ¦lfjf zfuvf, zp¶f' zfâD dhrf dhpvf, zuXzftrf
…¤yfvB}
tD ƒ¦lfjf pcJvf, zkfj¶fêftrf dmâD jfmf kfj¶fêftkfrf dmb zfhdljf lf†l.
zKG- sr zfïfr! ˆv (dnulfv) dhdbmsq skfmfv dbje zfmfv ubA icBA dtdihÝ jv,
ifi smfyb jv, skfmfv dbje ˆ zfmfv ubA umf vfJ ˆhQ ˆ zfmfv dbje rsk oarB
jv spmb kcdm skfmfv hf¦lf lf†l (zf}) sKsj oarB jsvY. (n} dk} 87bQ, rfsjm1/219,
ƒhsb mfufr 1053bQ)

bbffmmffssppvv ddH
Hkkssvv ddk
kttffz
zssk
kvv ddnnu
ullffr
r
ˆjfjD hf ƒmfm njstv ubA bfmfsp dnulfv zfqfk sktfzk jvf ShL ˆhQ
njstv ubA dnulfr jvf ncâk. zhwA dnvGD bfmfsp ƒmfsmv ubA dnulfv zfqfk
dktfWqfk jsv dnulf bf jvfƒ …Ùm. (kfdm} 1/270ix}) jfvB, ˆsk mcÙÁflDslv mfsU
softmft nxdó rq. (Iƒ} 1/329, mh} 5/300) mcÙÁflDv ubA ƒmfsmv ƒdÙÁlfq ‰ dnulfr
jvf uv¢vD. spmb, dnulfv zfqfk dktfzk jvsk ðbstW pdl ƒmfm dnulfr bf
jsvb, kfrst mcÙÁflD dnulfr jvsk ifsv bf.
iajfw Kfsj sp, ˆjƒ nsÌ jsqjde dnulfv zfqfk iVst nhswsN ˆjde dnulfƒ
psKó. spmb drIXp jvfv nmq dnulfv zfqfk hfvhfv iVstW nhswsN ˆjde dnulfr
jsv sbWqf psKó.
dnulfv zfqfk ifE hf wahB jvfv iv dnulfr jvfv ncspfo bf rst nfmfbA [B isv
dnulfr jfpf jsv sbWqf pfq. slvD tìf rsq sost jfpf jvf pfsh bf. (dInc} zfvhD
1/198)
iajfw Kfsj sp, ˆƒ dnulfv iv rfk kcst mcbfufk jvf dhlzfk. (mcdh} 280ix})

ð
ðjjsX sX vvvv ddnnu
ullffr
r
mrfb iadkiftj zfïfr zfmfslvsj jk sbqfmk lfb jsvsYb, kf Èsb swN jvf
pfq bf. ˆƒ njt sbqfmskv ðjXv zflfq jvf hf¦lfv ubA Ivp. ðjXv zflfsqv dbqm
rt, iaKmk} z§Àsv ˆƒ öDjfv jvf sp, ˆƒ sbqfmk zfïfrv kvI sKsj zfok.
däkDqk} mcsJ kfv ðjXv zflfq jvf. kxkDqk} jfsuW ðjXv iajfw jvf. zKGf{, snƒ
sbqfmk k]fvƒ n§Âdóv isK Jvy jvf. zbAKf bfðjXvD hf jxkO´kf rsh.
rEf{ sjfb ncnQhfl, ncsJv Jhv hf n©il tfsHv Jhv sist zKhf hV dhil lCv
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325

rWqfv nQhfl ðbst mrfb zfïfrv lvhfsv jxkÎkf Îfisbv …sÜswA ðjXvfbfv
(ˆjde) dnulfr mc²Àfrfh.
mrfbhD  sjfb zfb¦llfqj nQhfl ðbst zKhf ðH nQhfl sist zfïfr
kfzftfsj ðjdvqf ufbfsbfv ubA dnulfq idkk rskb. (zflf}, dk}, dm} 1494bQ)
rpvk zftD
pJb mrfbhD -sj rfmfpfb sofsÛv stfsjslv ƒntfsm lDd[k
rWqfv jKf dtJstb, kJb dkdb dnulfr jvstb ˆhQ …sE htstb, ªrfmfpfsbv
…iv nftfm, rfmfpfsbv …iv nftfm.« (hf})
zfècv vrmfb dhb zfWI
hstb, ˆjlf zfïfrv vnCt  shv rsq ˆj sJucv
hfofsb iashw jsv dnulfq sostb. dkdb ˆk tìf nmq Lsv dnulfq Kfjstb sp, zfdm
zfwËf jvtfm, rqskf hf zfïfr k]fv iafB rvB jsv dbsqsYb. zfdm dbjse …id²¿k
rsq slJsk sotfm. dkdb mfKf kcst htstb, ªzfècv vrmfb! dj hAfifv skfmfv?«
zfdm Oebf Jcst htst dkdb htstb, ªduhvDt  zfmfsj htstb, zfdm dj
zfibfsj ncnQhfl slh bf? zfïfr zfpXpf ufïX zfibfsj hstb, `sp hAdÙÁ skfmfv iadk
lv™l iVsh, zfdm kfv iadk vrmk hNGB jvh. zfv sp hAdÙÁ skfmfv iadk nftfm
ufbfsh, zfdm kfsj wfd§À lfb jvh.' ˆ Jhv ðsb zfdm zfïfr zfpXpf zufïfv dbje
ðjdvqf Îfisbv …sÜswA dnulfr jvtfm.« (zf}, rf})
kWhf jhct rWqfv ncnQhfl ˆst jf'h dhb mfstj dnulfr jsvdYstb. (hc})
ðjvfbfv dnulfv ubA WpC uv¢vD bq. uv¢vD bq kjhDvW.

nnùù ddnnu
ullffr
r
nù dnulf hf dnulf-ˆ nfrXW (Hcstv dnulfr) Ivp hf bIt bfmfsp Hct jsv sjfb
Wqfsuh zQw kAfo jvst ‰ Hcstv sJnfvk öv™i ˆhQ Hct zfbqbjfvD wqkfsbv
iadk yfhcj öv™i lcde dnulfr jvsk rq. Hct zbcifsk dnulfv zfso hf isv rflDsn
hdBGk dbqmfbcnfsv dnulfr jvf uv¢vD.
bfmfp jm isV nftfm dIsv dlst }
Hcthwk} 1 hf 2 vfjzfk bfmfp jm isV nftfm dIsv Kfjst pdl z¬i (5/7
dmdbe) nmsqv msLA msb isV, kfrst (mfsU jKf hst KfjstW) bfmfpD hfjD bfmfp
n©iâ jsv nftfm dIvfv iv kjhDv W knhDr nr lcde dnulfr jsv icbvfq nftfm
dIvsh.
ˆ hAfifsv pct-qAflfƒsbv rflDn iadnÝ. ˆjlf mrfbhD  spfrv djQhf zfnsvv
bfmfp Hct jsv 2 vfjzfk isV nftfm dIsv …sE zbA ufqofq hnstb. stfsjvf
Hfht, bfmfp nQd[å rsq sosY. zfhC hfjXv, …mfv sj…ƒ Hsq k]fv nfsK jKf htstb
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326

bf. zhswsN pct-qAflfƒb htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb dj Hcst sosYb, bfdj
bfmfp jm rsq sot?' dkdb htstb, ªzfdm HcdtW db, bfmfp jmW rq db.« zk}iv
njstv …sÜswA htstb, ªpct-qAflfƒb pf htsY kf dj dEj?« njst htt, `uD
r]Af.' nckvfQ dkdb zoanv rsq hfjD bfmfp iCvB jsv nftfm dIvstb. zk}iv kjhDv
dlsq zbcv™i zKhf kfv sysq tìf dnulf dlstb. kfviv zfhfv kjhDv dlsq mfKf
kctstb. icbvfq kjhDv dlsq zbcv™i zKhf kfv sysq tìf zfsvf ˆjde dnulfr
jvstb. kfviv zfhfv kjhDv dlsq mfKf kcst nftfm dIvstb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 1017bQ)
zhwA lDOG nmsqv iv msb iVst bCkb jsv icsvf bfmfpefƒ icbvfq dIdvsq iVsk
rsh.
bfmfspv sjfb v¢jXb (spmb djqfm, v¢jC, dnulfr iaHdx k) Hcst kAfo jvst bfmfpƒ
rsh bf. sp vfjzfskv v¢jXb kAÙÁ rsh, sn vfjzfk hfdkt oBA rsh. ‰ Hct bfmfspv
msLA iaKm vfjzfskv v¢jXb sYsV däkDq vfjzfsk msb iVst, däkDqsj iaKm
vfjzfk oBA jsv hfjD bfmfp n©iâ jvsh bfmfpD. zk}iv nftfm dIvfv iv lcƒ
dnulf jsv icbvfq nftfm dIvsh. (mh} 27/39) i[f§Àsv bfmfspv nftfm dIvfv iv
msb iVst ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp isV ‰v™i dnulfr jvsh.
bfmfp shwD iVst }
bfmfsp Hcthwk} 1 vfjzfk hf 1de dnulfr hf ShEj zdkdvÙÁ rsq sost nftfm
dIvfv iv 2de nù dnulf jsv icbvfq nftfm dIvsh bfmfpD.
ˆjlf mrfbhD  5 vfjzfk bfmfp isV nftfm dIvstb. stfsjvf duÎfnf jvt,
bfmfp dj hfdVsq slWqf rsqsY? dkdb htstb, ªhAfifv dj?« stfsjvf htt, `zfidb
5 vfjzfk bfmfp iVstb.' ˆ jKf ðsb dkdb lcde dnulfr jvstb. (zk}iv nftfm
dIvstb.) (hc}, mc}, nczf}, dm} 1016bQ)
vfjzfsk ns¦lr rst }
bfmfp iVsk iVsk jq vfjzfk rt -ˆƒ ns¦lr rst spdlsjv ndEjkfv LfvBf
zdLj iaht rsh, kfv …iv dHdÙ jsv bfmfp swN jsv nftfm dIvfv iv 2de dnulfr
jsv icbvfq nftfm dIvsh.
pdl lcƒ dlsjv msLA sjfb dlsjvƒ ndEjkfv LfvBf iaht bf rq, kfrst lxP iakAsqv
…iv zfmt jvsh bfmfpD. zKGf{, jm nQJAfv …iv dHdÙ jvst bfmfp zn©iCBG
rWqfv zfwQjf Kfjsh bf. nckvfQ snƒ iakAsqv nfsK hfjD bfmfp n©iâ jsv nftfm
dIvfv iCshG lcde dnulf-ˆ nfrXW jsv nftfm dIvsh.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªpJb skfmfslv sj… bfmfsp ns¦lr jsv ˆhQ hcUsk ifsv bf sp,
sn jq vfjzfk isVsY; 4 vfjzfk, bf 3 vfjzfk? kJb kfv …dyk, ns¦lr lCv jsv
dlsq pf ˆjDb (lxP iakAq) rq kfv …iv dHdÙ jvf. zk}iv nftfm dIvfv iCshG lcde
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327

dnulfr jvf. ˆsk sn pdl 5 vfjzfk isV Kfsj kfrst ‰ dnulfr dmst kfv bfmfp
sufV rsq pfsh. zbAKf pdl iCBG 4 vfjzfk isV Kfsj, kfrst ‰ dnulfr wqkfsbv
ubA tfÒbfjv rsh.« (zf}, mc}, dm} 1015bQ)
iaKm kfwfrùl
kfwfrùl kAfo jvst }
bfmfpD bfmfspv iaKm kfwfrùslv ShEsj hnsk Hcst sost pdl zsLGj …sE JfVf bf
rsq pfq, (r]fecäq mfde kAfo bf jsv) kfrst msb iVst icbvfq hsn `zfkX-kfdrqAfk'
isV sbsh. zfv ˆsk nfrXW dnulfv iasqfub sbƒ. zsLGsjv shwD …sE JfVf rsq sost
ˆhQ n©iCBG JfVf bf rsq msb iVst icbvfq hsn `zfkX-kfdrqAfk' isV sbsh ˆhQ
swsN nù dnulfr jvsh. dj§Â pdl n©iCBG JfVf rsq pfq, kfrst zfv icbvfq bf hsn
hfjD bfmfp iCBG jsv nftfm dIvfv iCshG lcƒ dnulf jsv nftfm dIvsh.
zShL ufbfv isvW n©iCBG JfVf rWqfv iv icbvfq hsn kfwfrùl iVst bfmfp
hfdkt bq. dj§Â dj¶vfzfk ðv¢ jvfv iv hnst bfmfp hfdkt oBA rsh. (mcm} 3/511-513)
ˆjlf mrfbhD  bfmfsp iaKm ShEsj bf hsn …sE isVb. stfsjvf knhDr htstW
dkdb bf hsn bfmfp swsN lcƒ dnulfr jsv nftfm dIsvb. (hc}, mc}, nczf}, dm} 1018bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªƒmfm Hcst dosq (kfwfrùl bf isV) n©iCBG JfVf rsq sost kfsj 2de
nù dnulfr jvsk rsh. zhwA n©iCBG JfVf bf rst nù dnulfr jvsk rsh bf.« (k¶fh}
nuf} 623bQ)
iajfw sp, 4 vfjzfk isV 5 vfjzfskv ubA Hcst …sE n©iCBG JfVf rsq sostW
±mvB rWqf hf jvfsbfv nfsK nfsK bfmfpD hsn pfsh. dj§Â iaKm ShEsjv ubA ±mvB
rWqf hf jvfsbfv isvW hnsh bf.

nù dnulfv zfbcNdÌj mfnfsqt }

Hcthwk} sp sjfbW Wqfsuh (spmb v¢jC hf dnulfv knhDr ƒkAfdl mCstƒ) kAfo
jvst ‰ ˆjƒ dbqsm dnulfr jvsk rsh.
ƒmfm nù dnulfr jvst mcÙÁflD Hct bf jvstW k]fv zbcnvsB k]fv nfsK dnulfr
jvsk hfLA. ƒmfsmv iÇyfsk mcÙÁflD Hct jvst pdl sn iaKm vfjzfk sKsjƒ ƒmfsmv
nfsK Kfsj, kfrst kfsj ixKjHfsh dnulfr jvsk rsh bf. jfvB, kfv ˆ Hct ƒmfm
hrb jsv sbsh. zhwA mnhCj (ufmfzfsk didYsq iVf mcÙÁflD) rst, ƒmfsmv nftfm
dIvfv iv kfv hfjD bfmfp zflfq jvsk …Est swsN Hct zbcnfsv pKfdbqsm dnulfr
jvsh.
dj§Â pdl ƒmfm nftfm dIvfv iv dnulfr jsvb, kfrst k]fv nfsK mnhCsjv nù
dnulfr jvf n©Hh bq. jfvB sn nftfm dIvsk ifsh bf. kfƒ sn …sE hfjD bfmfp
zflfq jsv swsN pKfdbqsm ˆjfjD dnulfr jsv sbsh. zhwA sn pdl ƒmfsmv Hcstv
iv ufmfzfsk wfdmt rsq Kfsj, kfrst sn s[sÛ kfsj dnulfr jvsk rsh bf.
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328

ƒmfm Hct jsv ˆj vfjzfk bfmfp shwD iVst ˆj vfjzfk Ycse sosY ˆmb mnhCj
(disY isV pfWqf) bfmfpD snƒ vfjzfk oBA jvsk ifsv bf. sn vfjzfk spsrkc
ƒmfsmv hfdkt, snsrkc kfvW hfdkt. kfsj dbqm mk …sE hfjD ˆj vfjzfk jfpf
iVsk rsh. (Iƒ} 1/309)
nkjGkfv dhNq sp, Hct jsv bfmfspv sjfb v¢jXb Ycse sost bfmfpƒ rq bf. sjfb
Wqfsuh Ycse sost dnulf-ˆ nfrXW äfvf iCvB rsq pfq ˆhQ sjfb ncâk Ycse sost
bfmfspv sjfb [dk rq bf kKf nù dnulfvW iasqfub rq bf.
dj¶vfzfk jvsk jvsk Hcst sost zKhf jfdwsk Lvst pdl idvmfB mk iVf rsq
Kfsj, kfrst ƒmfm kJbƒ v¢jCsk yst pfshb. zhwA dj¶vfzfk sYfe msb rst zbA
nCvfW iVsk ifsvb. zfesj pfWqfv iv nCvf ƒJtfn isVW v¢jC spsk ifsvb. zhwA
dj¶vfzfk Hct iVst swsN ‰ nCvf iVsk rq -ˆ jKf msb jvf dEj bq.

j
jddk
kiiqq ddhhllz
zffk
kDD bbffmmffpp
ˆ jKf iaKsmƒ …sïJ jvf rsqsY sp, sp sjfb ƒhflk jhct rWqfv mCt dHdÙ rt
kWrDl. zfv kf ðÝ rWqfv smZdtj wkG rt 2de; ƒJtfn W mcrf©mflD kvDjf.
nckvfQ sp bfmfp mcrf©mflD kvDjfq sbƒ, kfsk iCBG ƒJtfn KfjstW kf dhlzfk.
mrfbhD  hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfslv ˆ (äDb) hAfifsv bkcb djYc …ßfhb jvsh pf
kfv ipGfqHcÙÁ bq, kf iakAfJAfk.« (hc}, mc}, dm} 140bQ) ªsp hAdÙÁ ˆmb zfmt jsv,
pfsk zfmfslv sjfb dbslGw
sbƒ, kf iakAfJAfk.« (mc} 1718bQ) ªzfv bhvdyk
jmGnmCr sKsj lCsv sKsjf. jfvB, bhvdyk jmG rt dhlzfk ˆhQ iaskAj dhlzfkƒ
ëókf.« (zf}, zflf}, dk}, ƒmf}, dm}165bQ) ªzfv iaskAj ëókfƒ rt ufrfâfsm.« (nbf}
1487bQ)
nfLfvB bIt bfmfp dbdNÝ nmq YfVf sp sjfb nmsq ƒ¤Yfmk nQJAfq iVf pfq. dj§Â
snƒ nfLfvB bfmfpsj dbsuv kvI sKsj nmq, nQJAf, iÝdk, ²¿fb, ÈB (IpDtk) hf
jfvB äfvf dbdlGó jvst kf dhlzfk hst idvodBk rq.
sp bfmfspv jKf sjht pqDI hf lcht G rflDsn hdBGk rsqsY ˆhQ sjfb rfnfb hf nrDr
rflDsn kfv hBGbf sbƒ, sn bfmfp dhlzfk.
…isvfÙÁ ieHCdmjfq dbsm´ ˆmb jdkiq bfmfspv jKf zfstfybf jvh, pf dhlzfk.
zfv kf sjht ufbfv ubAƒ; pfsk sj… zufs§À snƒ dhlzfk bf jsv hsn.

mmff--hhffssi
ivv u
ubbAA bbffmmffpp
iaskAj Ivp bfmfspv iv ncâfsk mczfÄflfr isV hsn hsn 2 vfjzfk bIt. mf-
hfsiv …sÜswA ˆmb bfmfp dhlzfk. (mcdh} 345ix})
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329

„
„ssllvv vvffssk
kvv bbffmmffpp
…Hq „slv vfsk dhswN bfmfp (puf} 5358, 5361) ˆhQ ˆƒ vfdÛ suso ƒhflk
dhlzfk. (mcdh} 332ix}) „lct dIksvv vfskv 100 vfjzfk ˆhQ „lct zfprfv
vfskv 2 vfjzfk bfmfpW dhlzfk. (‰ 344ix})
sp rflDsn htf rsqsY sp, ªsp hAdÙÁ „lct dIkv W zfprfv vfdÛ ufovB (ƒhflk)
jvsh, kfv r™lq sndlb mfvf pfsh bf, spdlb nm²À r™lq mfvf pfsh.« (k¶fh}) sn rflDnde
uft W oVf rflDn. (dnp} 520, puf} 5361bQ û})

j
jffppff …
…mmvvDD
ˆƒ ic²Àsjv iaKm Jsàv 181 ixôfq …sïJ jvf rsqsY sp, jfpf …mvD hf …mvD jfpf
bfmfspv zd²Àk¶ wvDqsk sbƒ. dhLfq kf dhlzfk.
dhlzfkDvf hst, pdl sjfb stfsjv hù nmsqv bfmfp jfpf rsq Kfsj ˆhQ sn kfv
nQJAf ufsb bf, ksh sn ucmzfv dlb Ivp bfmfspv iCshG 4 vfjzfk bIt bfmfp ˆj
nftfsm zflfq jvsh. ˆƒ bfmfsp iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf Ifdkrfv iv zfqfkct jcvnD
7 hfv ˆhQ nCvf jfWnfv 15 hfv iVsh. ˆƒ bfmfp iVst bfmfpD W kfv dikf-mfkfv
(?) znQJA jfpf bfmfp bfdj zfïfr mfI jsv dlshb!

nnf¶ f¶ t
tffk
kt
ct
c z
zffW
WqqffhhDDbb
zfWqfhDsbv bfmfp zfnst yfsñv bfmfspv ziv bfm. mrfbhD  hstb, ªyfsñv
bfmfp rt zfWqfhDsbv bfmfp.« (nuf} 3827bQ) zfv ˆ rflDn ˆ jKfvƒ ltDt sp,
mfosvshv iv …ÙÁ bfsmv bfmfpde dHdÙrDb W dhlzfk. spmb ˆƒ bfmfspv sJqftD
…ijfv hBGbfq htf rsq Kfsj sp, nxdóuo{ ‰ bfmfpDv zbcok rsq pfq ˆhQ 12
hYsvv jhct rWqf ƒhflskv nWqfh dtJf rq.
sp rflDsn mfosvh W ˆwfv mLAhkGD nmsqv bfmfpsj zfWqfhDsbv bfmfp htf rsqsY,
kf nrDr bq; pqDI. (dnp} 4617, puf} 5676bQ)
dkvdmpD W ƒhsb mfufsk sp 6 vfjzfk bfmfp mfosvshv iv iVst 12 hYv ƒhflskv
nmfb rWqfv jKf htf rsqsY kf nrDr bq. hvQ kf Jchƒ lcht G rflDn. (pdk} 66, dnpf} 469, puf}
5661bQ) spmb 50 hYsvv sofbfr mfI rWqfv rflDnW lcht
G . (dnp} 468, puf} 5665bQ)
klbcv™i ˆƒ nmsq 20 vfjzfk bfmfsp shsrsñ ˆjde oxr tfsHv rflDndeW uft W
mboVf. (dnp} 467, puf} 5662bQ)
zhwA nfLfvBHfsh bIt bfmfp spmb dbdNÝ nmq YfVf sp sjfb nmsq iVf pfq,
skmdb mfosvh W ˆwfv mLAhkGD nmsq nfLfvB bIt zdbdlGóHfsh iVf pfq. mrfbhD
nnf¶ f¶ t
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330

 ˆƒ nmsq bIt bfmfp iVskb hst iamfB ifWqf pfq. (nuf} 4962bQ)

ˆ
ˆrrddk
kqqffk
kDD ssppffr
rvv
ucmzfv bfmfspv iv zsbsj spfrsvv dbqsk 4 vfjzfk bfmfp isV Kfsj. pf
dHdÙrDb, mboVf W dhlzfk. (zfbf} 74ix}, mcdh} 120, 327ix})

nnf¶ f¶ t
tffk
kt
ct
c ddr
rIIp
Xp
X
jcvzfb drIXp nru rWqfv …sÜswA ucmzfv vfsk 4 vfjzfk ˆƒ bfmfp iVf rq. ˆv
iaKm vfjzfsk nCvf Ifdkrfv iv nCvf ƒqfnDb, däkDq vfjzfsk nCvf Ifdkrfv iv nCvf
lcJfb, kxkDq vfjzfsk Ifdkrfv iv nCvf nfulfr ˆhQ ykcKG vfjzfsk Ifdkrfv iv nCvf
mctXj iVf rq. zfv ˆv swsN tìf lczf jvf rq. ˆ zfmstv ubA sp rflDn hBGbf jvf rq
kf uft W oVf rflDn. (pdk} 719, dnp} 3374bQ) dhLfq kf dhlzfk. (mcdh} 339ix})

mmsx sx k
kvv u
ubbAA „
„nnffsst
t nnW
Wqqffsshhvv bbffmmffpp
mxkhAdÙÁv jtAfsBv ubA nWqfh si]ZYhfv …sÜswA bfmfp iVf ˆhQ kfv nWqfh kfv
bfsm hJsw slWqf dhlzfk. (mcdh} 340ix})

mmbbooV
Vff i
ifa fa k
kAAddrrj
j bbffmmffpp W
Wkkffvv ssJJqqfft
tDD nnW
Wqqffhh
ðÛÁhfv }
 ðÛÁhfsv spfrv W zfnsvv mLAhkDG nmsq (?) 2 vfjzfk; iaKm vfjzfsk
zfqfkct jcvnD 1 hfv W nCvf Iftfj¶ 25 hfv ˆhQ däkDq vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn 1 hfv
ˆhQ nCvf Iftfj¶ 20 hfv iVf.
 IpDtk} mvfv iCshG ösi´ zfïfrv W shsrsñ dbsuv ufqofv lwGb tfH!
 ˆƒ dlsb mfosvh W ˆwfv mLAhkGD nmsq 12 vfjzfk bfmfp.
 IpDtk} shsrsñ mrt tfH, nmoa mcndtm ufdkv kvI sKsj nljfr slWqfv
nWqfh tfH ˆhQ ifi bfw rsh.
 ˆƒ dlsb yfsñv nmq dbdlGó nCvfv nfsK 4 zKhf 10 vfjzfk bfmfp iVf. (mcdh}
341ix})
 IpDtk} bhDv ncifdvsw shsrñX tfH, mf-hfsivW sofbfr mfI!
 mrfbhD -sj slJfv …sÜswA zsbsj ucmzfv vfsk 2 vfjzfk bfmfp isV.
iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn 25 hfv, nftfsmv iv bhDv iadk lv™l 1000 hfv. (mcdh}
343ix})
nnf¶ f¶ t
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331

wdbhfv }
 wdbhfsvv sp sjfb nmsq 4 vfjzfk ˆj nftfsm; iaskAj vfjzfsk 3 hfv nCvf
jfdIv™b ˆhQ bfmfp swsN 1 hfv zfqfkct jcvnD.
 IpDtk} 1 hYsvv svfpf W vfskv ƒhflskv ˆhQ wrDslv nWqfh tfH, iaskAj
rvsIv hlst ˆj rÏ W Wmvfv nWqfh tfH, djqfmsk bhD W wrDlfsbv nfsK
zfvswv Yfqf tfH!!!
 wdbhfv dlbok vfskv 20 vfjzfk bfmfp; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn 50 hfv,
ncvf Iftfj¶ ˆjhfv ˆhQ nCvf bfn ˆjhfv. kfviv bfbfb lczf 100 hfv.
 IpDtk} ixdKhDv njt mfbcsNv nQJAfv nmfb (iafq 600 sjfde) nWqfh tfH,
djqfmsk dbvfiÙf tfH ˆhQ bhDslv nfsK shsrñX iashw!!!
vdhhfv }
 vdhhfv sp sjfb nmsq 4 vfjzfk 1 nftfsm, iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf hfj¶vfvf swN
2 zfqfk iVf.
 IpDtk} bfnfvfslv bv-bfvDv nQJAfv nmfb sbjD tfH, bhDv nWqfh tfH, rÏ W
…mvfv nWqfh tfH, iaskAj vfjzfskv hlst 1000 bfmfspv nWqfh tfH ˆhQ
iaskAj rvsIv hlst shsrsñ dmnXsjv wrv tfH!!!
 vdhhfv dlbok vfsÛ sp sjfb nmsq 4 vfjzfk 1 nftfsm, iaKm vfjzfsk nCvf
ƒJtfn 10 hfv, däkDq vfjzfsk 20 hfv, kxkDq vfjzfsk 30 hfv ˆhQ ykcKG
vfjzfsk 40 hfv iVf. bfmfspv iv dbdlGó zpDIf 75 hfv jsv.
 IpDtk} slfpJD rstW shsrñX tfH rsh! nm²À ufsrvD sofbfr mfI rsq pfsh.
iaskAj zfqfskv dhdbmsq rÏ W …mvfv nWqfh tfH ˆhQ zfofmD snfmhfsvv dHksv
mvst wrDl rsh.
snfmhfv }
 snfmhfv yfsñv nmq 2 vfjzfk bfmfp, iaskAj vfjzfsk zfqfkct jcvnD 1 hfv,
nCvf ƒJtfn 1 hfv, nCvf Iftfj¶ 1 hfv ˆhQ nCvf bfn 1 hfv iVf.
 IpDtk} nm²À sofbfr mfI rsh.
 ˆƒ dlsb zfsvf 12 vfjzfk bfmfp.
IpDtk} djqfmsk ˆj rfufv shsrñD spWv W kfu ivfsbf rsh, 1 t[ dIdvñf ˆƒ
bfmfpDsj dbsq pfsh ˆhQ iaskAj dIdvñfv znQJA …irfv Kfjsh!
 snfmhfv dlhfok vfsÛ 12 vfjzfk ˆhQ iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf bfnXv 5 hfv jsv
iVf.
 IpDtk} shsrsñ 7 ixdKhDv nmfb dhvfe Ov SkvD rsh!
nnf¶ f¶ t
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332

mÌthfv }
 mÌthfv dlsb yfsñv nmq zKhf nCpG Ttfv nsÌ nsÌ 10 vfjzfk ˆhQ iaskAj
vfjzfsk zfqfkct jcvnD 1 hfv W nCvf ƒJtfn 3 hfv iVf.
 IpDtk} 70 dlb sjfb dtJf rsh bf! 70 hYsvv sofbfr mfI. zfv ‰ dlsb mvst
sn wrDl rsh!
 mÌthfv dlhfok vfsÛ 2 vfjzfk; iaKm vfjzfsk 10 hfv nCvf Iftfj¶ ˆhQ
däkDq vfjzfsk 10 hfv nCvf bfn iVf.
 IpDtk} 70 rfufv dIdvñf zfnmfb sKsj bfsut rsq ˆƒ bfmfpDv ubA djqfmk
ipG§À nWqfh dtJsk Kfjsh !!!
hcLhfv }
 hcLhfv dlsb njfst 12 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk zfqfkct jcvnD 1 hfv, nCvf
ƒJtfn 3 hfv, nCvf Iftfj¶ 3 hfv ˆhQ nCvf bfn 3 hfv iVf.
 IpDtk} nm²À sofbfr mfI, jhsvv zfpfh, nQjDBGkf W zájfv lCv rsh, bhDslv
mk zfmt dbsq djqfmsk …Esh (?!) ˆhQ djqfmskv jó lCv rsh.
 hcLhfv mfosvh W ˆwfv mfsU 2 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk zfqfkct jcvnD 5 hfv,
nCvf ƒJtfn 5 hfv, nCvf Iftfj¶ 5 hfv ˆhQ nCvf bfn 5 hfv iVf.
 IpDtk} mf-hfsiv bfsm hJwfst mf-hfsiv rj zflfq rsq pfsh; pdlW lcdbqfsk
kfvf kfv …iv bfvfu dYt (?!) dnÜDj W wrDlosBv nWqfh tfH rsh!
hxr±idkhfv }
 hxr±idkhfv dlsb spfrv W zfnsvv mLAhkGD nmsq (?) 2 vfjzfk; iaKm vfjzfsk
zfqfkct jcvnD 100 hfv ˆhQ däkDq vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn 100 hfv iVf. nftfsmv
iv lv™l wvDI 100 hfv.
 IpDtk} vuh, wf`hfb W vmpfb mfsnv svfpflfvslv mk, jf`hf wvDsIv rfuDslv
mk ˆhQ mcdmbslv nQJAf zbcifsk nWqfh tfH rq!
 hxr±idkhfv mfosvh W ˆwfv mLAhkGD nmsq 12 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf
ƒJtfn 10 hfv iVf.
 IpDtk} 12 hYsvv dlsbv svfpfv ˆhQ vfskv ƒhflk jvfv nWqfh tfH rq!

mmbbooV
Vff mmffddnnj
j bbffmmffpp W
Wkkffvv ssJJqqfft
tDD nnW
Wqqffhh
mrvGm mfsnv sJqftD bfmfp }
mrvm mfsnv iaKm kfvDsJv vfsk 2 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn 11
hfv.
ˆƒ vfsk zfsvf 6 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn 10 hfv. ˆsk shsrsñ
nnf¶ f¶ t
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333

2000 mrt tfH rsh; iaskAj mrst ƒqfjCskv 1000 lvuf ˆhQ iaskAj lvufq
nhcu vsMv kJkfv …iv ùv hsn Kfjsh. 6000 hftf lCv rsh ˆhQ 6000 nWqfh
tfH rsh!
ˆƒ kfvDsJ dlsb 2 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn 3 hfv. ˆsk lc ub
dIdvñf hdFofFG ifWqf pfq ˆhQ nfvf hYv wqkfb sKsj dbvfiÙf tfH.
zfðvfv vfsk 2 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn 3 hfv. ˆsk djqfmk ipG§À
svZwb Kfjsh.
ˆƒ vfsk zfsvf 4 vfjzfk. iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn 50 hfv. ˆsk 50
hYsvv zfsov W isvv sofbfr mfI rq!
zfðvfv dlsb 4 vfjzfk bfmfp; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn 50 hfv. ˆsk 50
hYsvv zfsov W isvv sofbfr mfI rq! shsrsñ 1000 bCsvv mrt SkvD rq. ˆƒ
dlsb vsqsY zfsvf 4 vfjzfk sJqftD bfmfp.
zKhf spfrv W zfnsvv mLAhkGD nmsq 4 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk Ifdkrfv iv
zfqfkct jcvnD 10 hfv, nCvf ƒJtfn 11 hfv ˆhQ bfn W Iftfj¶ 5 hfv. bfmfp swsN
ƒd²ÀoIfv 70 hfv. ˆ bfmfpW dhlzfk. (mcdh} 340-341ix})
ˆƒ mfsnv 1 sKsj 10 kfvDJ ipG§À iaskAj dlb spfrsvv iv 4 vfjzfk; iaskAj
vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn 15 hfv. ˆ bfmfp rpvk rfnfb-srfsnsbv v™srv …iv hJsw
dlst djqfmsk k]fslv ncifdvw (!) tfH rsh.
nIv mfsnv sJqftD bfmfp }
iaKm kfvDsJv vfsk ˆwfv iv 4 vfjzfk; iaKm vfjzfsk nCvf jfdIv™b 15 hfv.
däkDq vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn 15 hfv. kxkDq vfjzfsk nCvf Iftfj¶ 15 hfv ˆhQ ykcKG
vfjzfsk nCvf bfn 15 hfv. ˆsk nm²À hftf sKsj svrfƒ ifWqf pfq ˆhQ Jch shwD
nWqfh tfH rq.
ˆƒ mfsnv swN hcLhfv hf zfsJvD yfrfv swfìfv yfsñv nmq 2 vfjzfk; iaskAj
vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn 11 hfv.
ˆ mfsnv 1m nåfsrv ucmzfv vfsk ˆwfv isv 4 vfjzfk bIt ˆhQ kfv sJqftD
nWqfshv jKfv …sïJ vsqsY zsbj djkfsh.
vdh…t zfWqft mfsnv sJqftD bfmfp }
ˆƒ mfsnv iaKm rsk 12 kfvDJ ipG§À iaskAj dlb 20 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk
nCvf ƒJtfn 21 hfv. ˆƒ bfmfp bhD -ˆv bfsm hJsw dlst dkdb bfmfpDsj shsrsñv
ncnQhfl slshb!
zsbsjv msk ˆ mfsn dbqdmk lv™l iVst LbD rWqf pfq.
nnf¶ f¶ t
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334

vdh…nX-nfbD mfsnv dhlzfkD bfmfp }

ˆƒ mfsnv 1, 15 W 29 kfvDsJ 4 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn 5 hfv.
ˆsk 1000 nWqfh tfH, 1000 ifi mfI ˆhQ 4de ùv tfH rsh.
zsbsjv sJqft msk ˆ mfsnv 15 kfvDsJ mfosvshv iv 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVst
…Hqjfst jfdmqfhD tfH rq. ˆ mfsnv swN vfsk 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVst jhsvv
zfpfh sKsj mcdÙÁ ifWqf pfq.
ucmflft zfWqft mfsnv sJqftD bfmfp }
ˆƒ mfsnv iaKm kfvDsJv vfsk 4 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn 11 hfv.
ˆsk 90,000 hYsvv sbjD tfH rsh ˆhQ 90,000 hYsvv sofbfr smfyb rsq pfsh!
jfsvf sJqft msk ˆ mfsnv iaKm kfvDsJ 20 vfjzfk bfmfp iVsk rq.
ucmflfn nfbD mfsnv sJqftD bfmfp }
ˆƒ mfsnv iaKm kfvDsJv vfsk 4 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn 13 hfv.
ˆsk 1 tfJ sbjD tfH rsh ˆhQ 1 tfJ sofbfr smfyb rsh!
ˆ vfsk 12 vfjzfk bfmfspv jKfW hBGbf jvf rsq Kfsj.
vuh mfsnv sJqftD bfmfp }
ˆƒ mfsn 1, 15, W swN kfvDsJ sofnt jvst (oÌfust n´fb jvfv mk) iaKm
dlbjfv dwðv mk db°ifi rWqf pfq! ˆƒ mfsn 30 vfjzfk bfmfp ˆhQ kfv 5de vfk
ƒhflk jvfv sJqftD IpDtk hBGbf jvf rsq Kfsj.
jfsvf msk ˆ mfsnv 15 kfvDsJ ˆwfv isv 70 vfjzfk bfmfp iVst ixdKhDv
hx[vfdu idvmfB nWqfh tfH rq. (mcdh} 341ix} û})
n¶ftfkcv vfofsqh }
ˆƒ mfsn ucmzfv vfsk ˆwfv isv 12 vfjzfk bfmfp iVf rsq Kfsj. 6 nftfsm
iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf Ifdkrfv iv nCvf j¶flXv 3 hfv ˆhQ nCvf ƒJtfn 12 hfv iVsk
rq. bfmfp swsN 70 hfv lv™l wvDI ˆhQ zfsvf zbAfbA lczf W dnulfr. ˆ nhƒ
dhlzfk. (dhswN û} kfhqDbct zfufh, dhmf zvflf ID Ifpdt vfufh, mfumC… IfkfWqf ƒhsb
kfƒdmqAfr 2/2, mcdh} 338-339, 342ix})

wshdm'vfsuv bfmfp }
ˆƒ mfsnv 27 kfvDsJ ˆwf W dhksvv mfsU 6 nftfsm 12 vfjzfk bfmfp. zfv
bfmfspv iv 100 hfv jstmfsq kfmuDl (?) ˆhQ dbdlGó lczf ifE. ˆƒ dlb lfb
jvsk rq. ‰ dlsbv svfpf ˆhQ ‰ vfskv ƒhflk 100 hYv svfpf ˆhQ 100 vfk
ƒhflk jvfv nmfb! (mcdh} 341 W 345ix})
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335

wf'hfb mfsnv sJqftD bfmfp }

ˆƒ mfsnv 1 kfvDsJv vfsk 4 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn 15 hfv.
ˆsk shðmfv nWqfh tfH rq.
ˆƒ mfsn sp sjfb vfsk 1 nftfsm 8 vfjzfk bfmfp isV rpvk Ifskmfv bfsm
hJXsw dlst dkdb ‰ bfmfpDv ubA wfIfzfk bf jsv shsrsñ ˆj if-W dlshb bf!
wshhvfskv bfmfp }
wshhvfk zfnst wshjlsvv ëf§À v™i. wshjlsvv zfnt sYsV wshhvfskv bjt
ƒhflk dbsq mfkfmfdk jsv Hft hvfk hf HfoA tfsHv ubA stfsj 100 vfjzfk
bfmfp isV Kfsj. zfv iaskAj vfjzfsk 10 hfv nCvf ƒJtfn isV Kfsj. ˆ bfmfpW
mboVf dhlzfk. (mcdh} 341-342ix}) wshhvfskv bfmfp iVst bfdj 20de rsÏv ˆhQ
20 hYv ˆjefbf ƒhflskv nWqfh ifWqf pfq! zfv 15 kfvDsJ svfpf vfJst bfdj
zoa-iÇyf{ 2 hYv svfpf vfJfv nWqfh ifWqf pfq.
ˆ vfsk bfmfp zflfsqv iCshG bfdj sofntW jvsk rq. zfv sn sofnstv nWqfhW
vsqsY bfdj sJqftD; ˆ sofnstv iadk sI]fefv ifdbv dhdbmsq 700 vfjzfk bIt
bfmfp zflfsqv nWqfh zfmt-bfmfq dtJf rsq Kfsj!!!
ˆ vfsk hftf lCv jvf, zfqc hxdÝ jvf ˆhQ zHfhmcÙÁ rWqfv dbqsk 6 vfjzfk
bfmfp iVf rq. iVf rq nCvf ƒqfnDb nr zfsvf mboVf lczf. (mcdh} 342ix}) Osv Osv
u¶ftfsbf rq lDifhtD. hfbfsbf rq bfbf vjm Jfhfv. zfv ˆ nshv iÇyfsk ˆj ˆjde
mfrfk¹A hBGbf jvf rq.
ˆ YfVf zfsvf jk wk sJqftD ƒhflk W nWqfshv jKf ifWqf pfq ˆjfdLj hfufvD
hƒ-ic²Àsj; pfv nhÈstfƒ dhlzfk ˆhQ sn nshv ˆjdeW nrDr ltDt sbƒ.
vmpfb mfsnv sJqftD wshjlsvv bfmfp }
wshjlsvv nfvf vfdÛ ufovB jsv ƒhflk jvsk rq, bfmfp iVsk rq. dj§Â sjht
27 kfvDsJv vfsk kfvfhDrv iv Jfn wshjlsvv bfmfp isV dhlzfkDvf. kfsk kfvf
iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf j¶flXv ˆk ˆk hfv ˆhQ nCvf ƒJtfn ˆk ˆk hfv isV Kfsj.
pfv sjfb ltDt W dHdÙ sbƒ. (mcdh} 345ix})
wWqft mfsnv sJqftD bfmfp }
ˆƒ mfsnv 1 kfvDsJv vfsk zKhf „slv bfmfspv iv 4 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk
nCvf ƒJtfn 21 hfv. ˆsk shsrsñv 8de lvuf sJftf ˆhQ slfpsJv 7de lvuf há rsq
pfq. mvfv iCshG shsrsñ dbsuv ²¿fb slJf pfq.
ˆ YfVf dlsb zKhf vfsk zfsvf 8 vfjzfk bfmfspv jKf htf rq.
nnf¶ f¶ t
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336

pctj¶
j¶f'lfr mfsnv sJqftD bfmfp }
ˆƒ mfsnv 1 kfvDsJv vfsk 4 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn 23 hfv.
ˆsk shsrsñ 4000 tft ƒqfjCskv Ov SkvD rq! iaskAj Osv uWrfsvv dnQrfnb
Kfjsh!! iaskAj dnQrfnsb ùv hnf Kfjsh; kfslv jift nCpG zsi[f shwD …϶t
rsh!!!
ˆ YfVf ˆƒ mfsnv iaskAj vfsk 2 vfjzfk bfmfp iVst 1 ub wrDl W 1 rsÏv
nWqfh tfH rsh! zfv ˆƒ mfsnv iaskAj ðÛÁhfv 4 vfjzfk bfmfp iVst 1de rÏ
W 1de …mvfv nWqfh rsh!!
pctrÏ mfsnv sJqftD bfmfp }
ˆƒ mfsnv 1 kfvDsJv vfsk 4 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf ƒJtfn 25 hfv.
ˆsk shðmfv nWqfh tfH rq.
ˆ mfsnv iaKm 10 dlsbv dhksvv bfmfspv iv 2 vfjzfk; iaskAj vfjzfsk nCvf
jfWnfv 3 hfv ˆhQ nCvf ƒJtfn 3 hfv iVst `mfjfsm ƒïDb' (?) tfH rsh, iaskAj
sjswv hlst 1000 sbjD ˆhQ 1000 lDbfv nljf jvfv nWqfh tfH rsh!
ˆ YfVf zfsvf jk mboVf bfmfspv jKf vsqsY zsbj hƒ-ic²Àsj. zfnst nWqfh
kfslv dbsuv isje sKsj hstƒ ˆk ˆk nWqfh zuGsbv hAfifsv zfÇypG W zhfj
rWqfv sjfb jfvB sbƒ. iafkAdrj W mfdnj ‰ swaBDv dbdlGó bfmfp sp dhlzfk, sn
iansÌ …tfmfslv ±ió …dÙÁ vsqsY. (mcdh} 342ix} û})


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pk dlb pfq, kk bkcb jKf ufbf rq, bkcb hù djYc swJf rq. hfdkt rq
icvfkb hù djYc. kfv mfsb ˆƒ bq sp, ˆÈstf bkcb rflDn. hvQ zfmfslv ufbf
bkcb. zfv iCshG pf jvf rsqsY, kf hvhfl bq. kf ndEj susb jvst kfskW
nWqfh sisq Kfsj sbj dbqskv mc
ndtm.

dj§Â nkA ufbfv iv zfv bq. nkA
ufbfv iv nkAsj smsbƒ nWqfh ifWqf pfsh. zbAKf susbðsb znskAv
zbcnvB jvst [dkW zfsY. nckvfQ …lfv rst Hq Kfsj bf djYcv. mrfb
zfïfr hstb, zfmfv snƒ hf¦lfslvsj ncnQhfl lfW, pfvf jKf msbfspfo nrjfsv
wahB jsv, zk}iv …Ùsmv zbcnvB jsv. kfvfƒ rt ˆmb stfj, pfslvsj
zfïfr srlfqfk jsvsYb ˆhQ kfvfƒ rt Îfbn©iâ.« (jc} 39/17-18)
zkˆh zfidbW snƒ ncnQhfl oarB jv¢b. nrDr rflDsnv …isv zfmt jv¢b.
nrDr rflDnƒ zfmstv ubA psKó.
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337

nnQQssj
jkk--nny
Cy
C DD W
WiiamamffBBi
iÓÓDD
jc}= jcvzfb mfuDl
zf}= zfrmfl, mcnbfl
zfƒ} = zfrjfmct ƒmfmfdk zt-ƒ'dkmfdm dInXnftfk, zfèct mcrdnb zft-mcbDI
zflf}= zfhClf†l, ncbfb
zfbf} = zft-zfudhhfkcb bfsIzfr, zfb zfnƒtfdk tfubfdk mfndudlt ufsmzfr,
mcrfdÜn zfthfbD
zfmf}= zf…bct mf'hCl
zfqf} = zfhC qAf'tf
zfvf}= zfècv vfpXpfj, mcnfâfI
ƒJc}= ƒhsb Jcpfƒmfr, nrDr
ƒo}= ƒvWqf…t oftDt, zfthfbD
ƒmf}= ƒhsb mfufr, ncbfb
ƒdr}= ƒhsb drêfb, nrDr
k¶f}= k¶frfhD
k¶fh} hf k¶fhf}= k¶fhfvfbD, mc'ufm
kfdm}= kfmfmct dmâfr, zfthfbD
dk}= dkvdmpD, ncbfb
kczf} = kcrIfkct zfrWqfpD
kcƒ}= kcrIfkct ƒJWqfb, ƒhsb hfp
lf}= lfsvmD, ncbfb
lfvf}= lfvfj¶kc ¶bD, ncbfb
bf}= bfnf„, ncbfb
bfzf}= bfƒtct zf…kfv, wfWjfbD
bfb} = bfmfsp bhhD, nfƒsql wfIDjcv vrmfb, tfsrfv Yfif
Iƒ}= IfkfWqf ƒntfdmqAfr, n†lD …tfmf-jdmde
I…}= IfkfWqf ƒhsb …NfƒmDb
Ihf}= Ifkùt hfvD, ƒhsb rfufv
IfJc}= IfkfWqf dIt mfndr zftft JcIXIfƒb, ƒhsb …nfƒmDb
Ifkfufmf} = IfkfWqf kfkfzfïfjc dhufmfzfdkt mfndul
Ifmcnf} = IfkfWqf mcdr©mfr kfkfzfïfjc dhnX-n¶ftfr, ƒhsb hfp
dInc}= dIjùn ncâfr
hc}= hcJfvD, nrDr
nnf¶ f¶ t
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338

mh}= mfufïfkct hcrCdnt ƒntfdmqAfr

mf}= mfstj, mczÙf
mfkfrfzf} = mf-pf kfIzftc dIt rf-tf-dkt zf-dkqfr, mcrf©mfl nfstr zft-
mcbfdÏl
mfpf}= mfumf…p pfWqfƒl, rfƒNfmD
mfvfnf}= mfumCzfkc vfnfƒt dIn n¶ftfr
mfnfƒ}= mfumC…n n¶ftfWqfdk dIt-ƒntfm, F} wWjk …tfƒqfb
mc}= mcndtm, nrDr
mck¶fnf}= mcJftfIfk dIÙ¶frfvfdk znn¶ftfr
mcdh} = mc'ufmct dhlf'
mcmkc ¶fnf} = mcJkfnfv¢ mcJftfIfkc k¶frfvfdk znn¶ftfr, zfèct zfpDp nflrfb
mcm}= zftmcmsk', wfvsr dIjXr, ƒhsb …NfƒmDb
p}= pqDI
pfmf}= pflct mfzfl, ƒhbct jfƒsqm
vfdI}= vfnfƒt dIjdrqAfr, ƒhsb …nfƒmDb
dthfmf}= dtjf… hfdht mfIkCr, ƒhsb …NfƒmDb
dtmf}= dtjf… hfdht mfIkCr, ƒhsb …nfƒmDb
dtjf}= dtjf… hfdht mfIkCr, ƒhsb …nfƒmDb
wfnc} = wfvùn ncâfr, hfohD
n}= nrDr
nfuf} = nftfkct ufmfzfdk ùjmcrf zzfrjfmcrf, FÅv nfstr nfltfb
dnzfbc} = dnqfv¢ zf'tfmcb bchftf', ƒmfm pfrfhD
dnp}= dntdntfr pfqDIfr, zfthfbD
dnn}= dntdntfr nrDrfr, zfthfbD
dnnfb}= dnIfkc n¶ftfdkb bfhD , zfthfbD
nczf} = ncbfbc zfvhfzfr (zfhC lf†l, dkvdmpD, bfnf„ W ƒhsb mfufr)
rf}= rfsjm, mc²ÀflXvfj