Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 3(1) 1-15 2017

Dietary effect of Lippia citrodora essential oil on some

10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1
10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1 ]

hematological, biochemical, growth performance and body

composition of Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758
H Gholipourkanani1*, F Jamali1, H Jafaryan1, E Gholamalipour Alamdari2

1
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Gonbad Kavous University, Golestan,
[ DOI:

Iran
20182019 [ DOI:

2
Plant Production Department, College of Agriculture Science and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous
University, Golestan, Iran.
April 16th28th

Abstract
MondayNovember

This study was conducted to evaluate the The growth performance, body composition,

effects of different proportions of lemon bee biochemical and hematological factors were
Thursday

brush essential oil on growth performance, measured on day 30. Results of the present

carcass composition, and hematology and study showed that specimens fed a diet
on on

biochemical parameters of common carp supplemented with Lemon beebrush EO in

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both dosages noticeably increased final weight

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(Cyprinus carpio). Common carp with an

at 1:13

average weight of 8 ± 0.2 g were fed for one (p<0.05). Group of fish fed on 0.15 and 0.3 LB
at 20:08

month with a diet supplemented with Lemon in the diet had the lowest level in Hb and
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beebrush essential oil (0.15 and 0.3 ml) and hematocrit indices (P<0.05). Lipid content was
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with normal diet as controls. lower in fish fed 0.15 LB supplemented diet
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and ash was decreased in fish fed both LB

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Correspondence: H Gholipourkanani, supplemented diet.

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Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture

Keywords: Lemon beebrush, Carcass, Blood
and Natural Resource, Gonbad Kavous University,
parameters, Common carp
Golestan, Iran (e-mail: gholipourk@gmail.com)

1
 H Gholipourkanani, effect of Lippia citrodora on Cyprinus carpio

Introduction citriodora extract shows antioxidant properties

10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1 ]

that could play an important role in

]

Aquaculture industry is one of the most

10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1

modulating GSH-reductase activity in

important sectors of agriculture in the world.
lymphocytes and erythrocytes and protecting
Among all cultivated species, the fresh water
plasma from exercise oxidative damage
fish, common carp, Cyprinus carpio has the
(Carrera-Quintanar, Funes, Viudes, Tur,
highest interest as human food in the Far East.
Micol, Roche & Pons 2010). Based on our best
Elevating the growth rate and immune
knowledge, there was a few scientific
response of fish species can significantly affect
[ DOI:

literature on the effects of dietary

the benefits of fish culturists. There are many
20182019 [ DOI:

administration of lemon beebrush in fish

extensive researches on using different
species. Recent studies assessing the sedative
synthetic or natural compounds to improve
and anesthetic efficacy of the essential oil of
growth and enhance fish health to overcome
April 16th28th

A. triphylla in fish showed that it prevents

stressful culture condition (Anderson, 1992).
MondayNovember

stress induced and increase in cortisol (Parodi,

Among different compounds, Medicinal
Cunha, Becker, Zeppenfeld, Martins,
plants have been used in traditional
Koakoski, Barcellos, Heinzmann &
systems to treat many diseases (Bhadauria
Thursday

Baldisserotto (2014); Zeppenfeld, Toni &

2012). Secondary metabolites produced by
Becker 2014). Zeppenfeld Hernández,
on on

plants are organic chemicals of high structural

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Santinón, Heinzmann , Da Cunha, Schmidt &

diversity, which play different functions
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Baldisserotto (2015) examined the growth, gut

including chemotherapeutic, bacteriostatic,
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morphology and occurance of endocrine cells

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bacteriocidal and antimicrobial functions

in the gastrointestinal tract of silver catfish fed
ijaah.ir

(Purohit & Mathur, 1999). As a result, herbal

diet supplemented by essential oil of Aloysa
ijaah.ir

components received much attention in

fromfrom

triphyla.
aquaculture industry during the last decade for
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different purposes such as growth promotion, Oral administration is the only method
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immunostimualtion, antiviral, antifungal, economically suited to extensive aquaculture

antibacterial, aphrodisiac as well as appetite and is widely used method, which is more

stimulators (Citarasu, 2010; Chakraborty & effective than the other methods. It is non

Hancz, 2011). stressful and allows mass administration

Lippia citrodora is a species of flowering regardless of fish size (Sakai, 1999; Galindo-

plant in Villegas & Hosokawa, 2004). Therefore, the

the verbena family Verbenaceae, native to present study was performed to determine the

western South America and growing in many effects of dietary lemon beebrush essential oil

parts of the middle east and Europe in different on some growth and biochemical parameters

countries . Common names include lemon in common carp.

verbena and lemon beebrush. Aloysia Materials and Methods

2
 Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health

Fish diet preparation AOAC (1999) for moisture, crude protein,

10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1 ]

crude fat and ash.

10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1 ]

Dried leaves of lemon beebrush were obtained

Growth assessment
from local shop. An essential oil was prepared
Weight , total length, body weight gain (BWI),
according to Zeppenfeld et al (2015) and
feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth
mixed with commercial diet (Beiza) to achieve
rate (SGR), daily growth rate (DGR) and
0.15 and 0.3 ml Lemon beebrush (LB)
condition factor (CF) of 30 randomly selected
essential oil (EO)/Kg fish. The experiment was
fish in ( 0.015 & 0.03%) beebrush and control
performed for 30 days.
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groups were calculated. Final weight and

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Fish length were measured.

Common carp (N: 180, Weight: 8±0.2g) were

The calculation formula for relative index are
purchased from a private farm (Carp Farm,
listed below:
April 16th28th

Golestan province, Iran) and were transported

MondayNovember

to the Gonbad Kavous University, fish health WBI (%) = 100 × (wf – wi)/wi
unit. They were distributed in 9 fiberglass
tanks (three replicates per group and 20 fish FCR (%) = (dry feed intake (g)/wet WG (g)) ×
Thursday

per tank) filled with 100 L water (temperature 100

on on

= 26.5 ºC, dissolved oxygen = 5.2 and PH =

SGR (% day-1) = (Ln wf – Ln wi) × 100/t
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8.01 ppm).
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The specimens were fed a commercial diet for

at 1:13

CF (%) = 100 × [wet weight (g)/TL3 (cm)]

at 20:08

2 weeks to be acclimated to the conditions,

and to recover from the stress of
ijaah.ir

DGR (%) = (wf – wi) × 100/t

transportation.
ijaah.ir
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Data collection and sample analysis wf and wi were final and initial fish weights,
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At the end of experiment, the fishes of each respectively; TL was total length and t is the
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aquarium were weighed seprately and average time in days between weighting.
final weight (g/fish) and length (cm) was
Hematological and serum analysis
calculated. After blood sample collection, all
The blood was immediately used to determine
fish were scarified and soon the abdominal
the number of red blood cells (RBC) and white
cavities of three fish from each aquarium were
blood cells (WBC) by means of a
opened to remove viscera which are to be
haemocytometer slide (Improved Neubauer
weighed at once.
type) at a magnification of x 400. Haematocrit
Chemical analyses of fish
(Hct) was determined by the microhematocrit
Whole-fish body from each treatment were
method. Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration was
analyzed according to the standard methods of
conducted by using the cyanohaemoglobin
method (Stoskopf 1993). Briefly, 20 µl of

3
 H Gholipourkanani, effect of Lippia citrodora on Cyprinus carpio

whole blood was mixed with 5 ml of kit) and Urea (Chaney & Merbach 1962) by
10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1 ]

Drabkin’s solution (Sigma-Aldrich) in a test Parsazmoon® kit.

10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1 ]

tube before allowing to stand for at least 15

Statistical Analyses
min at room temperature. The absorbance (A)
Mean value and standard error (mean ± SE)
was measured at 540 nm. The haemoglobin
for each parameter of all treatments was
concentration of the blood sample was
calculated. The results were subjected to a one
calculated from a curve prepared from known
way analysis of variance. Data was analyzed
standards. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV:
[ DOI:

using SPSS program, Version 16. Differences

Fl), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH: pg)
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between means were compared using

and mean corpuscular hemoglobin
Bonferoni test at P < 0.05 level.
concentration (MCHC: %) were measured
using the standard routine techniques. Plasma Results
April 16th28th

cortisol levels were determined by

Growth parameters
MondayNovember

radioimmunoassay (Grutter & Pankhurst 2000)

in samples shipped frozen to the laboratory, The Results of growth parameters are shown
using the Diaplas company kit. Plasma levels in table 2. Weight and CF increased in fish fed
Thursday

of glucose were measured using standard with both of Lemon beebrush dosage in
spectrophotometric assays (using Parsazmoon comparison with control group (P<0.05).
on on
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Table1 Composition of commercial diet for common carp (5-20 g)

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TVN: Total Volatile Nitrogen

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Table 2 Growth performances of fish 30 days after feeding dietary lemon beebrush (LB)

Values are mean ± S.E. Values within the same column, not sharing common superscript letters are significantly
different (P< 0.05, n=60).

4
 Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health

Hematological property control on 30th days of experiment (P<0.05).

10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1 ]

No significant difference was observed in

10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1 ]

Hematological parameters are shown in table

RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC level
2. It shows that Hb and HCT decreased in fish
between trial groups (P>0.05).
fed with LB in both dosage in comparison with
Table 3 Hematological parameters of fish fed diets containing LB after 30 days.

RBC WBC HB (g.dl) HCT )%( MCV )µm3) MCH(pg) MCHC

(106mm3) (103mm3)
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LB 0.32 ± 0.06a 1.53 ± 0.11a 15.63 ± 1.70a 8.37 ± 0.48b 50.97 ± 5.23a 913.95 ± 205.99±31.87a
(0.15ml) 184.11a

0.28 ± 0.6a 1.38 ± .0.13a 6.02 ± 1.12b 11.82 ± 0.65b 71.77 ± 8.40a 351 ± 146.43±7.32a
LB
April 16th28th

(0.3ml)
70.85a
MondayNovember

0.41 ± 0.07a 1.88 ± 0.29a 20.19 ± 3.14a 15.37 ± 0.59a 67.88 ± 12.38a 482.94 ± 145±15.08a
Control
(0ml)
55.49a
Thursday

Values are mean ± S.E. Values within the same column, not sharing common superscript letters are
significantly different (P< 0.05, n=60).
on on
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Blood biochemical parameters beebrush led to a negligible effect on the

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at 1:13

serum Urea in fish fed with 0.15 LB (p<0.05).

The changes in Glucose, cortisol and Urea of
at 20:08

Glucose and cortisol level showed no

plasma are shown in table 3. Dietary Lemon
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significant change in treatments (P>0.05).

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Table 4 Biochemical parameters of fish fed diets containing LB after 30 days.

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Treatment Glu Urea Cortisol

LB (0.15ml) 157.67 ± 15.77a 15.33 ± 2.84a 24.26 ± 0.93a

LB (0.3ml) 223.60 ± 23.98a 10.20 ± .0.96b 25.50 ± 1.23a

Control (0ml) 189.80 ± 22.02a 8 ± 1.14b 21.36 ± 2.41a

Values are mean ± S.E. Values within the same column, not sharing common
superscript letters are significantly different (P< 0.05, n=60)

5
 H Gholipourkanani, effect of Lippia citrodora on Cyprinus carpio

Fish body composition has significantly higher Lipid content

10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1 ]

(22.06%) when compared with fish fed either

10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1 ]

Results of proximate analyses of fish fed the

LB(0.3) or control diets (19.81 and 20.44%,
Lemon beebrush and control diets are
respectively). Ash analyses indicate a
illustrated in Table 4. DM content in different
significant decrease in its value in fish fed LB
fish groups ranged between 22.11% (LB 0.3)
(0.15 & 0.3) diets when compared with control
and 24.27% (LB 0.15) which showed no
diets. Protein content showed no significant
significant difference in comparison with
differences between groups.
control group (23.49%). Fish fed LB (0.15)
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Table 5 Body compositions of fish fed diets containing 0.15 and 0.3 LB and control after 30 days.
20182019 [ DOI:

Treatment DM Pr Lipid Ash

LB (0.15ml) 24.27 ± 0.26a 65.05 ± 0.41a 22.06 ± 0.28a 12.24 ± 0.21b

April 16th28th

22.11 ± 0.46a 66.93 ± .0.22a 19.81 ± 0.28b 12.46 ± 0.08b

MondayNovember

LB (0.3ml)

Control (0ml) 23.49 ± 0.74a 65.29 ± 0.29a 20.44 ± 0.47b 13.60 ± 0.14a
Thursday

Values are mean ± S.E. Values within the same column, not sharing common superscript letters are significantly
different (P< 0.05, n=10).
on on
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Discussion pigments, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids and

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essential oils (Citarasu, Sekar, Babu & Marian

at 1:13

Accumulative effects of chemical additives

at 20:08

(2002); Sivaram, Babu, Citarasu, Immanuel,

and its possible threats for human health has
ijaah.ir

Murugadass & Marian (2004)). The herbal

made obligatory limits for using these
ijaah.ir

extracts, Astragalus membranaceus, Portulaca

fromfrom

components, as a result, in recent years oleracea, Flavescent sophora and A.

researchers have tried to introduce natural feed
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paniculata, act as an anti-stress and induce the

additive such as aromatic and medicinal
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immunological parameters such as serum

plants. However, despite of positive lysozyme activity, SOD, NOS and levels of
achievements of applying herbal medicine in total serum protein, globulin, and albumin in
fish diet on their weight gain, physiological
Cyprinus carpio (Wu, Yuan, Shen, Tang,
changes due to medical herbs use, should not Gong, Li, Sun, Huang & Han 2007).
remain hidden. Natural plant products have According to our knowledge, there are a few
been reported to promote various activities like studies of Lippia citrodora essential oil on fish
anti stress, growth promotion, appetite species. Anesthetic activity of the essential oil
stimulation, tonic and immunostimulation, and of Aloysia triphylla and effectiveness in
to have aphrodisiac and antimicrobial reducing stress during transport of albino and
properties in finfish due to the active gray strains of silver catfish, have been
principles such as alkaloids, flavanoids,

6
 Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health

determined by Thylise, Parodi, Cunha, in silver catfish, which was in contrast with
10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1 ]

Alexssandro, Becker, Carla, Zeppenfeld , our findings. The highest final weight, RW
10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1 ]

Dirlaine , Martins , Gessi Koakoski , Leonardo and SGR were attained after 60 days in fish
Gil Barcellos , Heinzmann & Baldisserotto fed 2.0 mL EO of A. triphylla per kg of diet
(2014). Their research indicated that the EO (Zeppenfeld et al, 2015). Most of growth
of A. triphylla is an effective anesthetic for performance in carp species was in high
albino and gray silver catfish. dosage plant supplemented diet. Replacement
The positive effects of different plant of fish meal by more than 25% of spirulina
[ DOI:

components as a growth promoter in platensis could significantly increase rohu

20182019 [ DOI:

aquaculture has been reported previously, e.g. growth performance (Nandeesha Gangadhar,
in common carp by using Rheum officinale Varghese & Keshavanath 1998). However, the
extract (Xie, Liu, Zhou, Su, He, Pan, Ge, Xu, final weight gain, specific growth rate, food
April 16th28th

2008). Livol (IHF-1000) is an herbal growth conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio of
MondayNovember

promoter containing different plant ingredients common carp were not affected by 25-100%
such as Bohaevia diffusa, Solanum nigrum, of Spirulina supplementation (Nandeesha et al,
Terminaelia arjuna, Colosynth and black salt 1998). Other plant additives, as garlic and
Thursday

has been found to significantly improve ground dried ginger, needed a higher
digestion, thereby leading to better growth, dietary supplementation (10 – 20 g kg feed).
-1
on on
+0430

production and health in cultivable fishes (De Assessment of blood parameters is one of key
+0330

Baulney, Quentel, Fournier, Lamour, & Le indices, indicating the physiological statues of
at 1:13

Gouvello (1996); Shadakshari (1993); fish. Applying herbal supplements has main
at 20:08

Unnikrishnan (1995)). Maheshappa (1993) effect on fish hematology. In present study, Hb

ijaah.ir

studied the effect of Livol (IHF-1000) on the and HCT showed considerable decrease in
ijaah.ir
fromfrom

rohu, L. rohita, the Livol incorporated diet treatments with supplemented diet. The
stimulated digestive enzyme activity and led to haemoglobin concentration got decreased with
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increased consumption. increase in concentration of the plant extracts

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In the present study, an improvement in of Mucuna pruriens in lobea rohita (Ojha,

common carp final weight and CF indices was
recorded in fish fed diet containing lemon
beebrush diet after 30 days but the other
measured indices were insignificantly affected
among groups. Dietary effect of Aloysia
triphylla essential oil on fish species has only
been determined by Zeppenfeld
(2015). According to above authors, there
was no significant difference for the growth
parameters evaluated at 30 days of experiment
Chadha, Sain ,Damroy , Chandraprakash &
Sawant 2014) similar to those reported in C.
gariepinus to cassava effluents and tobacco
(Nicotina tobaccum) leaf extracts (Adeyemo
(2005); Omoniyi, Agbon & Sodunke (2002))
and aqueous leaf extracts of Lpidagnathis
et al alopecuroides (Gabriel, Obomanu & Edori
2009). On contrary, a significant increase was
found in hemoglobin and hematocrit level in
labeo rohita fed diets enriched with mango

7
 H Gholipourkanani, effect of Lippia citrodora on Cyprinus carpio

kernel powder and garlic (Sahu, Das, changed in fish treated with LB essensial oil.
10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1 ]

Mishra, Pradhan & Sarangi 2007) , in flanders Xie et al (2008) showed serum cortisol
10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1 ]

fed with a mixture of herbs including reduction in stressed common carp treated
Medicata fermentata, Crataegi fructus, with anthraquinone extract as an
Artemisia capillaries and Cnidium officinale immunostimulant. Moreover, Wendelaar
increased hemoglobin and hematocrit (Ji, Bonga (1997) reported decrease in glucose and
Jronh, Gwang-Soon, Lee, Yoo & Takii 2007). cortisol content in Megalobrama
Moreover, Dietary effect of Silybummarianum amblycephala after temperature stress
[ DOI:

extract increased HCT level in common carp meanwhile the diet was supplemented with
20182019 [ DOI:

(Alishahi, Soltani & Mesbah 2011) and
Zataria multiflora and Eucalyptus globolus
essential oil had little effect of hematocrit of
April 16th28th
0.1% Anthraquinone extract or 60 ppm
Emodin for 8 weeks . Addition of the 40 and
-1
50 uL L EO of A. triphylla to the water of

common carp (sheikhzadeh, Soltani, transport increased whole-body cortisol levels

MondayNovember

Ebrahimzadeh-Mousavi, Shahbazian & in silver catfish. On the contrary, the glucose

Norouzi 2011). The decrease that occurred in levels were significantly lower in fish
the current hematological parameters could be transported with EO of A. triphylla. Urea level
Thursday

attributed to the fact that the active ingredients showed increase in 0.15LB treated fish. This
in Aloysia triphylla play inhibitory roles on raise may be due to kidney dysfunction
on on
+0430

the level of these blood indices body. (Abdelvahab and EL Bahr 2012).
+0330

In aquaculture industry, especially intensive Limited scientific research has been carried
at 1:13

culture, various stressors such as ambient out to evaluate the effects of medicinal plant
at 20:08

temperature, high stocking density, on carcass quality in aquatic animal. Body

ijaah.ir

physicochemical parameters, transport, and composition in common carp fed by pellet diet
ijaah.ir
fromfrom

confinement induce stress on fish (Chen, Sun, supplemented with LB 0.15 showed significant
Tsai, Song & Chang 2002). Some Nutritional increase in lipid content. Moreover, in both of
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supplements can alter the levels of cortisol and LB supplemented diet fish caracass had lower
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glucose in the serum of fish which are two key
indicators associated to stress response (Li ,
Burr, Goff, Whiteman, Davise, Vega, Neill &
Gatlin (2005) ; Nobahar, Gholipour-Kanani,
Kakoolaki & Jafarian 2014). The level of
blood glucose abruptly rose in a short time in
order to provide the sufficient amount of
energy for fish under stress conditions,
(Rotllant, Tort, Montero, Pavlidis, Martinez,
Wendelaar Bonga & Balm 2003). According
to our results, glucose and cortisol have not
ash content. Common carp body composition
in fish fed marshmallow (Althaea officinalis
L.) extract supplemented diet showed slight
changes (Fallahpour, Banaee & Javadzade
2014). Similar results were observed in fish
fed with alfa alfa (15 and 20%), soybean meal
(30 and 60%) and cottonseed meal (30 and
60%), (Ali, Al-Asgahn, Al-Ogaily & Ali
(2003); Toko, Fiogbe & Kestemont (2008)).
On contrary, proximate body composition
including the levels of moisture, crude protein,

8
 Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health

crude lipid and ash as % of wet weight were effect on gut. It seems that, an improvement in
10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1 ]

not affected by inclusion of the plant extract in the physiological or metabolic status is more
10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1 ]

the diets of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus responsible for the higher final weight in fish
(Abdel, Mostafa, Ahmad, Mousallamy, Samir fed 0.15 and 0.3 ml LB/ kg of diet than the diet
2009), red sea bream (Ji et al., 2007). itself (Escaffre, Kaushik & Mambrini 2007).
Probably, these differences are due to In conclusion, the addition of
environmental factors such as temperature 0.3 mL LB per kg to diet can improve growth
(Cordier, Brichon, Weber & Zwingelstein performance of common carp. However, its
[ DOI:

(2002); Tocher, Fonseca-Madrigal, Dick, Ng , dietary effect on some hematological factors

20182019 [ DOI:

Bell & Campbell (2004)) pH and salinity was not encouraging.

which influence lipid content in fish (De Acknowledgements
Torrengo & Brenner 1976). In addition,
This research was supported with funding
April 16th28th

different climate, age and weight of samples

from the Gonbad kavous University. The
MondayNovember

have determining effect. In addition, Plant

authors would like to thank to all persons who
composition as well as the duration of the
helped us in doing the experiment.
experiments can affect the response (Citarasu,
Thursday

2010). References
on on

Zeppenfeld et al (2015) reported no significant

Abdel A., Mostafa Z.M., Ahmad M. H.,
+0430

differences between cat fish fed A triphylla EO

+0330

Mousallamy A., Samir A. (2009) Effect of

at 1:13

with regard to the epithelial area. However, the

Using Dried Fenugreek Seeds as Natural Feed
at 20:08

number of folds was higher in fish fed a diet

Additives on Growth Performance, Feed
ijaah.ir

supplemented with 2.0 mL A. triphylla EO per

Utilization, Whole-body Composition and
ijaah.ir

kg (Zeppenfeld et al 2015). According to

Entropathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila-
fromfrom

above researchers, the presence of more folds

Challenge of Monosex NileTilapia O. niloticus
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is an indication of enhanced nutrients and

(L) Fingerlings. Australian Journal of Basic
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electrolytes absorption capacity (Nabuurs

Applied Science 3, 1234-1245.
(1995); Branco, Soares, Bretas, Cabral,
Vieites, Bonaparte & Mota (2010)), this Abdelwahab A.M., El-Bahr S.M. (2012)
increase may be greater due to higher turnover Influence of black Cumin seeds (Nigella
rate caused by stimuli resulting from the action sativa) and Turmeric (Curcuma longaLinn.)
of active principles of plants and their EOs that mixture on performance and serum
promote the rapid growth of villous (Branco et biochemistry of Asian Sea Bass, Lates
al.2010). Various plant extracts from herbs and calcarifer. World Journal of Fish & Marine
spices are reported to improve animal Science 4(5), 496-503.
performance by stimulating action on gut
secretions or by having a direct bactericidal

9
 H Gholipourkanani, effect of Lippia citrodora on Cyprinus carpio

Adeyemo O.K. ( 2005) Haematological and Carrera-Quintanar L., Funes L., Viudes E.,
10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1 ]

histopathological effects of cassava mill Tur J., Micol V., Roche E., Pons A. (2010)
10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1 ]

effluent in Clarias gariepinus. Afrianc Journal Antioxidant effect of lemon verbena extracts
of Biomedical Research 8(3),179-183. in lymphocytes of training program.
Scandinavian Journal of Medical Science
Ali A., Al-Asgahn N.A., Al-Ogaily M.S., Ali
22(4), 454-61.
S. (2003) Effect of feeding different levels of
Alfalfa meal on the growth performance and Chaney A.L., Merbach E.P. (1962) Modified
[ DOI:

body composition of Nile Tilapia reagents for determination of urea and

20182019 [ DOI:

(Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerlings. Asia. ammonia. Clinical Chemistry 8,130-132.

Fishereries Science 16, 59-67.
Chen W. H., Sun L. T., Tsai C. L., Song Y.
Alishahi M., Soltani M., Mesbah M. (2011) L., Chang C. F. (2002) Cold stress induced the
April 16th28th

Effects of Dietary Silybum marinum extract on modulation of catecholamine, cortisol,

MondayNovember

immune parameters of the Cyprinus carpio. immunoglobulin M, and leukocyte

Journal of Vetrinary Research 65(3) 255-263. phagocytosis in tilapia General & Comparative
Endocrinology. 126, 90–100.
Thursday

Anderson D. P. (1992) Immunostimulants,

adjuvants and vaccine carriers in fish: Citarasu T. (2010) Herbal biomedicines: a new
on on
+0430

application to aquaculture. In: Faisal, M., opportunity for aquaculture industry.

+0330

Hetrick, F.M. (Eds.), Annual Review of Fish Aquaculture International 18,403–414.

at 1:13

Diseases. Pergamon Press, New York, pp.

at 20:08

Citarasu T., Sekar R.R., Babu M.M., Marian

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Thursday [ DOI:
20182019 [ DOI:
April 16th28th

14
 ‫‪Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health‬‬
‫‪10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1‬‬
‫]‬ ‫]‬

‫اثر رژیم غذایی اسانس ‪ Lippia citrodora‬بر برخی از عملکرد هماتولوژیک‪ ،‬بیوشیمیایی‪،‬‬
‫‪10.18869/acadpub.ijaah.3.1.1‬‬

‫عملکرد رشد و ترکیب بدن ‪Cyprinus carpio‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻤﺪاري‪2‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻨﺎ ﻗﻠﯽ ﭘﻮر ﮐﻨﻌﺎﻧﯽ*‪ ،1‬ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻪ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﯽ‪ ،1‬ﺣﺠﺖ ا‪ ...‬ﺟﻌﻔﺮﯾﺎن‪ ،1‬اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻢ ﻏﻼﻣﻌﻠﻰ ﭘﻮر‬

‫‪ 1‬ﮔﺮوه ﺷﯿﻼت‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻨﺒﺪ ﮐﺎووس‪ ،‬ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن‪ ،‬اﯾﺮان‬
‫‪[ DOI:‬‬
‫‪20182019 [ DOI:‬‬

‫‪ 2‬ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ‪،‬داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻨﺒﺪ ﮐﺎووس‪ ،‬ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن‪ ،‬اﯾﺮان‬

‫ﭼﮑﯿﺪه‬
‫‪April 16th28th‬‬
‫‪MondayNovember‬‬

‫اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ روﻏﻦ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺮه ﺑﺮ روي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد رﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻻﺷﻪ و ﻫﻤﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮژي و ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي‬

‫ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﭙﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ )‪ (Cyprinus carpio‬اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﭙﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ وزن ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ‪ 8 ± 2‬ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮاي ﯾﮏ ﻣﺎه ﺑﺎ رژﯾﻢ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ‬
‫‪Thursday‬‬

‫ﺣﺎوي اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﺎرﭼﻮﺑﻪ )‪ 5/.0‬و ‪ 5/0‬ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ( و رژﯾﻢ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد روزاﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺑﺪن‪ ،‬ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬
‫‪on on‬‬

‫ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﻫﻤﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ در روز ‪ 05‬اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ رژﯾﻢ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺣﺎوي‬
‫‪+0430‬‬
‫‪+0330‬‬

‫‪ Beebrush EO‬در ﻫﺮ دو دوز ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ وزن ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ )‪ .( p < 5/50‬ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ از ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮراﮐﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان ‪ 5/.0‬و ‪5/0‬‬
‫‪at 1:13‬‬
‫‪at 20:08‬‬

‫‪ LB‬در رژﯾﻢ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ در ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ‪ Hb‬و ﻫﻤﺎﺗﻮﮐﺮﯾﺖ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ )‪ .(p >50/0‬ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻟﯿﭙﯿﺪ در ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺧﻮراﮐﯽ ‪5/.0‬‬
‫‪ijaah.ir‬‬
‫‪ijaah.ir‬‬

‫ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﺧﻮراﮐﯽ و رژﯾﻢ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ اﻓﺰوده ﺷﺪه ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺧﺎوﯾﺎري ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
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‫کلمات کلیدی‪ :‬مارچوبه‪ ،‬هماتولوژي‪ ،‬رشد‪ ،‬کپور‬

‫‪Downloaded‬‬

‫* ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل‪gholipourk@gmail.com :‬‬

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