Deg) Optical Fiber Questions Tee aera Ee ect - Slam eroleM > Clune eh) Trusted by 1,86,00,449+ Student a Ponca Coreen aes Optical Fiber MCQ Question 1 View this Question Online > Optic fibres are used in: 1. CATscans 2. Xray photos 3. Ultrasound scans 4, Endoscopy Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: Endoscopy Optical Fiber MCQ Question 1 Detailed Solution The correct answer is Endoscopy. + Endoscopes use optical fibres to produce an image of inside the body. 2 A doctor can insert a bundle of optical fibres into the body. 2 Some caffy.ight into the body, and some carry light reflected off intemal body surfaces back out. > This allows the doctor to see an image of the inside of the body clearly, and help them diagnose diseases like cancer, or see what they are doing during keyhole surgery. © Key Points + The most significant and prevalent applications of fibre optics in medicine are in the imaging and illumination components of endoscopes.* Flexible and rigid multi fibres composed of step-index fibres and graded-index imaging rods are extensively used for visualization of internal organs and tissue which are accessible through natural openings or transcutaneously. ©; Additional Information * Uses of Fiber Optic Cables: > Intemet: = Fibre optic cables transmit large amounts of data at very high speeds. = This technology is therefore widely used in internet cabies. = As compared to traditional copper wires, fibre optic cables are less bulky, lighter, more flexible, and carry more data > Computer Networking: = Networking between computers in a single building or across nearby structures is made easier and fester with the use of fibre optic cables. = Users can see 8 marked decrease in the time it takes to transfer files and information across networks > Medicine: = Fibre optic cables are widely used in the fields of medicine and research. = Optical communication is an important part of non-intrusive surgical methods, popularly known as endoscopy. = Insuch applications, a minute, bright light is used to light up the surgery area within the body, making it possible to reduce the number and size of incisions made. = Fibre optics are also used in microscopy and biomedical research * Military and Space Applications: = With the high level of data security required in military and aerospace applications, fibre optic cables offer the ideal solution for data transmission in these areas. rs eee eee Start Complete Exam Preparation Cee AR esto {2 aor Pa () Da as rons Cresta Download App Exons Optical Fiber MCQ Question 2 View this Question Online > Which fiber is preferred for long distance communication? Step index single mode fiber 2. Graded index multimode fiber s Step index multimode fiber + Graded index fiberAnswer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : Step index single mode fiber Optical Fiber MCQ Question 2 Detailed Solution + Single-mode step indexed fibers are widely used for wideband communications are preferred for long-distance communication. + Single-mode step-index fiber is used to eliminate modal dispersion during optical communication + In this fiber, a light ray can travel on only one path so minimum refraction takes place hence, no pulse spreading permits high pulse repetition rates. Advantages of single-mode fiber: 1) Low signal loss 2) No modal dispersion 3) Does not suffer trom modal dispersion 4) Can be used for higher bandwidth applications 5) Long-distance applications 6) Cable TV ends 7) High speed local and wide area network © Bimportant Point Single-mode means the fiber enables one type of light mode to be propagated at a time. This is explained with the help of the following diagram: r nr) Core xf Cladding % = nit) — Refractive Index n, — Constant Refractive index nN, — Lower Refractive Index Single-mode fiber core diameter is much smaller than multimode fiber. G) © Sinale mode is 9 um Multimode is50 jum and 62.5 im 2) For single-mode fiber, the B.W ranges from 50 to 100 GHz/km Multimode fibers: Fibers that carry more than one mode ere called multimode fibers. There are two types of multimode fibers: 1) Step Index 2) Graded Index (a) Step-Index (b) Graded-Index Cladding 400ym: Core : 50um 140 wm : Cladding 125 um Core The comparison of the refractive index profile for step and graded fibers are respectively shown as: Refractive index [LH profile — Zz ‘The multimode step-index multimode fiber suffers from Modal dispersion. <_Different _, / Modes + Rays of light enter the fiber with different angles to the fiber axis. The limit is the fiber's acceptance angle. + Rays that enter with a shallow angle travel a more direct path and arrive sooner than those that enter at steeper angles. + This arrival of different modes of light at different times is called modal dispersion. eRe Pe tart eee area Start Complete Exam Preparation Recs Crete ris ue fea Ears ExeD> Download App Optical Fiber MCQ Question 3 View this Question Online > Graded index fiber is used to 1. Reduce absorption and resulting power loss 2. Reduce dispersion and thereby increase the data rate 3. Establish secure communication 4, Increase the numerical aperture Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: Reduce dispersion and thereby increase the data rate Optical Fiber MCQ Question 3 Detailed Solution Graded index fiber is used to minimize the dispersion. This is because, in the graded-index fiber, the profile of the refractive index is parabolic end due to this refocusing of the signal within the core is increased, which eventWally increases the date rate. Index 24| --> Fiber axis ais the radius of core. Important Points: Difference between step index and araded-index fiber. Step Index Graded Index Refractive index profile is uniform within core | Refractive index profile} is variable within core inside the corejones Light signal propagate Light signal propagate] "the skewed form inzigzag manner inside the core It supports only multi- It supports single mod emt Low bandwidth High bandwidth Ra ra India's #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation SAR Soca Mock Tests nies parse researc Tacs ea irate Download App Optical Fiber MCQ Question 4 In an optical fiber, the refractive index of the cladding material should be View this Question Online > 1. Nearly unity 2. Very low 3. Less than that of the core 4, More than that of the core Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: Less than that of the core Optical Fiber MCQ Question 4 Detailed Solution Optical Fiber: * In an optical fiber, the information is passed through light, which must not escape outside of it. + This phenomenon of confining the light inside the optical fiber is termed Total internal reflection. + For this, the construction and material used to ensure that the total internal reflection of lighttakes place to prevent the escape of it. + In any type of optical fiber, the refractive index of the core is always greater than the refractive index of the cladding. + Itis this property of core and cladding which makes light propagate inside the fiber. + Thus, In a step-index optical fiber refractive index of the core is higher than the cladding total internal reflection Cladding (low refractive index) Core (high refractive index) Principle: + When light travels from a high refractive index medium to a low-tefractive-index medium, it is refracted away from the normal as shown: + Ata certain angle 8, there is no refracted wave and the wave is totally internally reflected (8, = 90’). + This angle is called a critical angle. + Inside an optical fiber, we have a high refractive index core (n,) and low refractive index cladding (n,). + This results in the propagation of waves inside a fiber through total internal reflection phenomenon, x Pe: Deere Roe tCia) Rea eect Start Complete Exam Preparation (ga) Dally live masD Download App Optical Fiber MCQ Question 5 View this Question Online > The numerical aperture (NA) in optical fiber transmission is used to describe 1. Light spreading ability 2. Light gathering or light-collecting ability 3. Light output from an external shield 4, Light leakage ability Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: Light gathering or light-collecting ability Optical Fiber MCQ Question 5 Detailed Solution Concept: Numerical Aperture Critical Angle n, [im % NA=sna= yi Full Acceptance Angle = 2a + The Numerical Aperture (NA) of fiber is defined as the sine of the largest angle an incident ray can have for total internal reflectance in the core. + Rays launched outside the angle specified by a fiber's NA will excite radiation modes of the fiber. + Ahigher core index, with respect to the cladding, means larger NA. However, increasing NA causes higher scattering loss from greater concentrations of dopant. * Qualitatively, NAis 2 measure of the light-gathering ability of a fiber. + It also indicates how easy it is to couple light into @ fiber.Px a India's #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation © Trusted by 1,86,00,449+ Student cal ae Peed (=) Lea DCS cier ec US} Question Bank Download App parse Optical Fiber MCQ Question 6 View this Question Online > The refractive index of the core is uniform throughout and undergoes an abrupt change at the cladding boundary which is known as _. 3 uniform-index fibre . scale-index fibre) . graded.index fibre . step-index fibre Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: step-index fibre Optical Fiber MCQ Question 6 Detailed Solution Step-index fiber: 1. The refractive index of the core is uniform throughout and undergoes on abrupt change at the core- me aa ec2. The path of light propagation is zig-zag in a manner ©: Additional Information Optical fibres are transparent fibres and act as a light pipe to transmit light between its two ends. They are made up of silicon dioxide. [lading Plastic Core coating Refracting index is changing between the cladding and the core in optical fibre Graded-index fiber: 1. The refractive index of the core is made to vary gradually such that it is maximum at the center of ‘the core. 2. The path of light is helical in manner. 2b 2b step-index fiber step-index fiber ny a ny b n 5 This type of fiber optics works when the wavelength is much smaller than the core radius. So, the refractive index of the core remains constant for step-index fiber. stale $B portant PointDifference between step-index and graded-index fiber. Step index Graded Index The Refractive index |profile is uniform within] Refractive index profile the core is variable within the core inside the core Light signel propagate in the skewed form inside the core Light signal propagate ina zig-zag manner It supports single- | It supports only multi- mode mode fiber Low bandwidth High bandwidth eee eo erin Start Complete Exam Preparation SRR Reet ie peers postr eresieaios Download App Optical Fiber MCQ Question 7 View this Question Online > Which type of optical fiber is used to eliminate modal dispersion during optical communication? Relea ne weresk is ab rare tha lee Glee2. Multimode step index fiber 3. Multimode graded index fiber 4, Does not depend on type of fiber Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : Single mode step index fiber Optical Fiber MCQ Question 7 Detailed Solution Single-mode step-index fiber is used to eliminate modal dispersion during optical communication. Advantages of single-mode fiber: 1) Low signal loss 2) No modal dispersion 3) Does not suffer from modal dispersion 4) Can be used for higher bandwidth applications 5) Long-distance applications 6) Cable TV engs 7) High speed local and wide area network ~ BjImportant Point Single-mode means the fiber enables one type of light mode to be propagated at a time. This is explained with the help of the following diagram: r Core Cladding nr) — Refractive Index n, — Constant Refractive index n, — Lower Refractive Index 1) Single-mode fiber core diameter is much smaller than multimode fiber, (-) @)Se — Single mode is 9 jum Multimode is 50 uum and 62.5 ym, 2) For single-mode fiber, the B.W ranges from 50 to 100 GHz/km Multimode fibers: Fibers that carry more than one mode ere called multimode fibers. There are two types of multimode fibers: 1) Step Index 2) Graded Index (a) Step-Index (b) Graded-index Cladding 100m: Core : 50um 140 um : Cladding :125 um Core The comparison of the refractive index profile for step and graded fibers are respectively shown as: Refractive index Fe tte The multimode step-index multimode fiber suffers from Modal dispersion. AS ‘nose PRYXX + Rays of light enter the fiber with different angles to the fiber axis. The limit is the fiber's acceptance angle. + Rays that enter with a shallow angle travel a more direct path and arrive sooner than those that enter at steeper angles. + This arrival of different modes of light at different times is called modal dispersion. Single-mode | Multimode Vertical cavity ‘surface- emitting lasers Light | Laser orlaser Source diodes1310nm& 850 nm &1300 Wavelength) "F559 nm hn Unlimited because it ‘ Limited by its igth (2llows only one| Bandwidth "cht mode to | light mode pass through at| atime Rod ieee a eu par elaay Start Complete Exam Preparation apse eee Coser orcas Download App a tcc Optical Fiber MCQ Question 8 Main advantage of fiber optic cable over co-axial cable is 1. Easy handling 2. Less weight 3. Easy testing 4. Low loss Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: Low loss Optical Fiber MCQ Question 8 Detailed Solution ORR eos View this Question Online > Optical communication utilizes the principle of total internal reflection by which light signals can be transmitted from one place to another with a negligible loss of energy Fiber optic cable has many advantages over co-axial cable like high bandwidth, low loss, more security, etc.The advantages of optical fibers are: + Optical fibers have greater information-carrying capacity due to large bandwidth * Optical fibers are free from electromagnetic interference and offer high signal security * Optical fibers suffer less attenuation than coaxial cable and twisted wire cables. Of the given option the main advantage is low loss data can be sent through fiber cable across several miles without needing repeaters while co-axial cables need repeaters after a short distance. Tee Per tae eli Start Complete Exam Preparation ravages fared