Bài 9:

a)
> n:=3:
> A:= Matrix([[2,-1,0],[-1,2,-1],[0,-1,2]]);
 2 -1 0
 
A := -1 2 -1
 
 0 -1 2
> b:= Matrix([[3],[-3],[1]]);
 3
 
b :=  -3
 
 1
> B:= Matrix(n);
0 0 0
 
B :=  0 0 0
 
0 0 0
> B[1,1] := sqrt(A[1,1]);
B1, 1 := 2

> for j from 2 to n do B[j,1] := A[j,1] / B[1,1] end do;

1
B2, 1 :=  2
2
B3, 1 := 0

> unassign('j');
> for i from 2 to n-1 do B[i,i] := (A[i,i] -
sum('B[i,k]^2',k=1..i-1))^(1/2); for j from i + 1 to n do
B[j,i] := (A[j,i]-sum('B[j,k].B[i,k]',k = 1..i-1))/B[i,i];end do;
end do;
1
B2, 2 := 3 2
2
> unassign('i','j');
> B[n,n] := (A[n,n]-sum('B[n,k]^2',k=1..n-1))^(1/2);
1
B3, 3 := 4 3
3
> B;
 2 0 0 
 
 1 1 
 0 
 2 3 2
 2 2 
 
 
 1 1 
 0  3 2 4 3 
 3 3 
> y :=Matrix(n,1);
 0
 
y :=  0
 
 0
> y[1,1] := b[1,1]/B[1,1];
3
y1, 1 := 2
2
> for i from 2 to n do y[i,1] := (b[i,1]-sum('B[i,j].y[j,1]', j =
1..i-1))/B[i,i]; end do;
1
y2, 1 :=  3 2
2
y3, 1 := 0

> unassign('i','j');
> y;
 3 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 3 2
 
 
 0 
> x:= Matrix(n,1);
 0
 
x :=  0
 
 0
> x[n,1] := y[n,1]/B[n,n];
x3, 1 := 0

> for i from n-1 to 1 by -1 do x[i,1] := (y[i,1] -

sum('B[j,i].x[j,1]',j = (i+1)..n))/B[i,i]; end do;
x2, 1 := -1

x1, 1 := 1

> x;
 1
 
 -1
 
 
 0
Câu b)

> n:=4:
> A:= Matrix([[4,1,1,1],[1,3,-1,1],[1,-1,2,0],[1,1,0,2]]);
4 1 1 1
 
1 3 -1 1

A :=  

1 -1 2 0
 
1 1 0 2
 
> b:= Matrix([[0.65],[0.05],[0],[0.5]]);
 .65
 
 .05
b :=  
 0
 
 .5 
 
> B:= Matrix(n);
0 0 0 0
 
0 0 0 0
B :=  
0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

> B[1,1] := sqrt(A[1,1]);
B1, 1 := 2

> for j from 2 to n do B[j,1] := A[j,1] / B[1,1] end do;

1
B2, 1 :=
2
1
B3, 1 :=
2
1
B4, 1 :=
2
> unassign('j');
> for i from 2 to n-1 do B[i,i] := (A[i,i] -
sum('B[i,k]^2',k=1..i-1))^(1/2); for j from i + 1 to n do
B[j,i] := (A[j,i]-sum('B[j,k].B[i,k]',k = 1..i-1))/B[i,i];end do;
end do;
1
B2, 2 := 11 4
4
1
B3, 3 := 13 11
11
> unassign('i','j');
> B[n,n] := (A[n,n]-sum('B[n,k]^2',k=1..n-1))^(1/2);
 1
B4, 4 := 20 13
13
> B;
2 0 0 0 
 
1 1 
 11 4 0 0 
2 
 4 
 
1 
  5 11 4 1 
 13 11 0 
2 44 11 
 
1 
 3 1 1 
 11 4 13 11 20 13 
2 44 143 13 
> y :=Matrix(n,1);
 0
 
 0
y :=  
 0

 0

> y[1,1] := b[1,1]/B[1,1];
y1, 1 := .3250000000

> for i from 2 to n do y[i,1] := (b[i,1]-sum('B[i,j].y[j,1]', j =

1..i-1))/B[i,i]; end do;
y2, 1 := .01022727273 11 4

y3, 1 := .01643356644 13 11

y4, 1 := .01923076923 20 13

> unassign('i','j');
> y;
 .3250000000 
 
 .01022727273 11 4 
 
 
.01643356644 13 11 
 
 
 .01923076923 20 13 
 
> x:= Matrix(n,1);
 0
 
 0
x :=  
 0

 0

> x[n,1] := y[n,1]/B[n,n];
x4, 1 := .2500000000
> for i from n-1 to 1 by -1 do x[i,1] := (y[i,1] -
sum('B[j,i].x[j,1]',j = (i+1)..n))/B[i,i]; end do;
x3, 1 := -.2000000001

x2, 1 := -.2000000001

x1, 1 := .2000000000

> x;
 .2000000000
 
-.2000000001
 
 
-.2000000001
 
 .2500000000
 

Câu c)

> n:=4:
> A:= Matrix([[4,1,-1,0],[1,3,-1,0],[-1,-1,5,2],[0,0,2,4]]);
 4 1 -1 0
 
 1 3 -1 0

A :=  

-1 -1 5 2
 
 0 0 2 4
 
> b:= Matrix([[7],[8],[-4],[6]]);
 7
 
 8
b :=  
 -4

 6

> B:= Matrix(n);
0 0 0 0
 
0 0 0 0
B :=  
0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

> B[1,1] := sqrt(A[1,1]);
B1, 1 := 2

> for j from 2 to n do B[j,1] := A[j,1] / B[1,1] end do;

1
B2, 1 :=
2
-1
B3, 1 :=
2
 B4, 1 := 0

> unassign('j');
> for i from 2 to n-1 do B[i,i] := (A[i,i] -
sum('B[i,k]^2',k=1..i-1))^(1/2); for j from i + 1 to n do
B[j,i] := (A[j,i]-sum('B[j,k].B[i,k]',k = 1..i-1))/B[i,i];end do;
end do;
1
B2, 2 := 11 4
4
1
B3, 3 := 50 11
11
> unassign('i','j');
> B[n,n] := (A[n,n]-sum('B[n,k]^2',k=1..n-1))^(1/2);
1
B4, 4 := 78 25
25
> B;
2 0 0 0 
 
1 1 
 11 4 0 0 
2 
 4 
 
-1 3 1 
  
 11 4 50 11 0 
2 44 11 
 
 
 1 1 
 0 0 50 11 78 25 
 25 25 
> y :=Matrix(n,1);
 0
 
 0
y :=  
 0

 0

> y[1,1] := b[1,1]/B[1,1];
7
y1, 1 :=
2
> for i from 2 to n do y[i,1] := (b[i,1]-sum('B[i,j].y[j,1]', j =
1..i-1))/B[i,i]; end do;
25
y2, 1 := 11 4
44
3
y3, 1 :=  50 11
275
2
y4, 1 := 78 25
25
> unassign('i','j');
> y;
 7 
 
 2 
 
 25 
 
 11 4 
 44 
 
 
 3 
 50 11 
 275 
 
 
 2 
 
 25 78 25 
 
> x:= Matrix(n,1);
 0
 
 0
x :=  
 0

 0

> x[n,1] := y[n,1]/B[n,n];
x4, 1 := 2

> for i from n-1 to 1 by -1 do x[i,1] := (y[i,1] -

sum('B[j,i].x[j,1]',j = (i+1)..n))/B[i,i]; end do;
x3, 1 := -1

x2, 1 := 2

x1, 1 := 1

> x;
 1
 
 2

 
 -1

 2

Câu d)

> n:=4:
> A:= Matrix([[6,2,1,-1],[2,4,1,0],[1,1,4,-1],[-1,0,-1,3]]);
 6 2 1 -1
 
 2 4 1 0

A :=  

 1 1 4 -1
 
-1 0 -1 3
 
> b:= Matrix([[0],[7],[-1],[-2]]);
  0
 
 7
b :=  
 -1

 -2

> B:= Matrix(n);
0 0 0 0
 
0 0 0 0
B :=  
0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

> B[1,1] := sqrt(A[1,1]);
B1, 1 := 6

> for j from 2 to n do B[j,1] := A[j,1] / B[1,1] end do;

1
B2, 1 := 6
3
1
B3, 1 := 6
6
1
B4, 1 :=  6
6
> unassign('j');
> for i from 2 to n-1 do B[i,i] := (A[i,i] -
sum('B[i,k]^2',k=1..i-1))^(1/2); for j from i + 1 to n do
B[j,i] := (A[j,i]-sum('B[j,k].B[i,k]',k = 1..i-1))/B[i,i];end do;
end do;
1
B2, 2 := 10 3
3
1
B3, 3 := 37 10
10
> unassign('i','j');
> B[n,n] := (A[n,n]-sum('B[n,k]^2',k=1..n-1))^(1/2);
1
B4, 4 := 191 74
74
> B;
  6 0 0 0 
 
1 1 
 
 6 10 3 0 0 
3 3 
 
1 
 1 1 
 
6 6 15
10 3
10
37 10 0 
 
 
 1 1 9 1 
  191 74 
 6 6 30
10 3
370
37 10
74
 
> y :=Matrix(n,1);
 0
 
 0
y :=  
 0

 0

> y[1,1] := b[1,1]/B[1,1];
y1, 1 := 0

> for i from 2 to n do y[i,1] := (b[i,1]-sum('B[i,j].y[j,1]', j =

1..i-1))/B[i,i]; end do;
7
y2, 1 := 10 3
10
12
y3, 1 :=  37 10
185
243
y4, 1 :=  191 74
14134
> unassign('i','j');
> y;
 0 
 
 7 
 10 3 
 
 10 
 
 
  12 37 10 
 
 185 
 
 243 
 
 191 74 
 14134 
> x:= Matrix(n,1);
 0
 
 0
x :=  
 0

 0

> x[n,1] := y[n,1]/B[n,n];
 -243
x4, 1 :=
191
> for i from n-1 to 1 by -1 do x[i,1] := (y[i,1] -
sum('B[j,i].x[j,1]',j = (i+1)..n))/B[i,i]; end do;
-183
x3, 1 :=
191
462
x2, 1 :=
191
-164
x1, 1 :=
191
> x;
 -164 
 
 191 
 
 
 462 
 
 191 
 
 
 -183 
 
 191 
 
 
 -243 
 
 191 
 