& 6 (64. The meaning and use ‘sf prepostons 62. Patterns with prepontions (62.4_pREFOSETION + NOUN roNOUN Prepostione 308 Prepositions Farmer Jones and the Oneeared Doe (Pare One ames ones wat very Toney and wey bored He Hey, Fimo Inn oh Boure on the edge of the villas, and arly Ne nyone. The vilges thought that he out fo have 8 ‘at fee company, bute nly animal they could find was 8 dog ‘hich hac onl ene ea. Ne oe nr Jones sow this pcsiaJooking animal he shouted: Set out of ay howe! “Th dog ois cures, responded by dng exactly the ‘opgentwapgd tal and went i the hue rr tt aed atthe funy defor awhile ane then sid finaly, wels yo might a8 well stay Tsuppore. Come and sit ne tome "Fed wegged is nil, but walked exny from the man, and went tf om te aber ide of the room. he i nth omer Hi nee og oni ‘The farmer tok the dog outside aed pols up the oad the a erp tured rund ord wet down the rad. The ae we asluely fascinated Ainy co you ays do exacly the oppose of what {tell you todet he stu The dot looked up ath wth his head on resets hs volar ear king up ike «radio sei — Prepostinns ae words which sow the relationship between things, people or events “They open rllonsis In sce ied by him ld owe onthe edge ofthe vase. “They expe lationship in tines ‘steed atthe dog for a wl. “They eo exes many oes hin of relationship, For example: Pilee Fie ougt to hove «pet for company peeSan lnvwent os onthe ober ide of he r00m. Result death from drowsing Prepasions are flloned by a nou, pronoun oF nou phase eanes 105 Cast Student Enh Grammar Examples Followed by now Sit onthe ear, Follnoed by pronoun ‘The dog tune i Followed by now phrase Why da you always do the opposite of what Fall you to dat $22 SMTCRIQN NG oe Te yoda iy an sty pate, Vans roa cenun) am no od st He went home withoat saving aodhigt ‘She's not ued to eating so mae Note [es important to datingush between to win ii par ofthe Infinitive (-F 13-4 asin sont fo go home, and Propsiion 2 Inn not wed to eating 0 mach, Ye can decide leh is by trying to pat after ti il male anes Een tok pepe Fn ot ued to] This makes es, so ina esting. peeposion wan 10K ‘This dort makes, 0 to ant [te part of fe ifiave ‘Other common constructions where toe a true preposition and 2st be followed by the dng forma the vero ars tobe weal to be aceastomed (0 be rece to be reigned folook forward © sing ‘© reign ooeselt te reste onesel to confine ones €23, Prposion athe There ae a namber af ease n every Engl where the cto themntmce reponon coms a the end ofthe serene ee ee ‘Sart ftom is noun or pron, Ines exe's eal yeh Cohaplr i of te ype vas arose Invoived, andthe pronoun iether Save “whos nh ta of of Sn nterogae what, who which on? whet Relatives: Iwas talking about a book-+ Heres the book Here the book (that 1 was talking sbPrepostione 107 Be ey a are ey 90 abd for “That something had T have ben wondering about, She pl (whol) T woek wit tia the ape ihr ey ating stout Ye diye gc rt oct “he ates conn pte! ch {lise yo ne hiking bo erin ete \ ‘Aik Tinwie he 8 a 63 Prepositions which Sayre raioniye108 Caz Student Engsh Grammar Examples ‘Movement Rest ‘Move mary from the fir. She ves uy from home, He pointed up the road Stay 1 the adder ‘The dog ran down the road. My hous is ust own the mad “The car went round th corer. Meet me round the corner Avoriet [AL used to describe where you are in a general way without dining eactly whether you are i, on, unde, bahind, the Se Tin sting a my desk, Tm at home, My ehlren are t schoo. My sister rot Univers. We stayed atthe Heathrow Hote At the bottom of page 125 In son ser, etd more pct finite 188, Tgp ny pen ny ‘Youre welcome any tine in my hore ‘There were some plicomen in (he) school today Is there @Fesiaurant in the Heathrow Hotel? With the names of villages, towns and cites, especaly withthe ‘eth aro, the choice of at ori canbe a tle afi, We vise you to choose: trie a chen you are thinking of the station, seport or seaport, sie in whe you ning fhe plac fig. arlve at London {a the alport) {re in London (in the ety), Atorte? [At describes the Final pot ofthe movement, seen as something ‘separate fom the pecion or thing which moves, To sugzets & ‘elationship betwoen the peson/thing and the dernaton, Ina transered sense, at can Suggest aggresion, to co-operation: ome \ hess Shoaing a i Stoning im6.3.2, Into, inside-out of, hts, behind in front of Prepostions 109 ‘Sina, to pont t/t, The meaning of at mage in to Tagh ef someone which i unkind, to shoot a are a, ‘witch teat the Boal pant of Ce mavement fgets Bren to Took a sagas sila tea: 1 & Fi ‘only to movement. Think of in a the more general word, and of Intoosite es more spec (ein), emphasing She movement ‘ato at the foeation (ie) _ 25, Air Be Don't put all your eg in one aka. (rove ‘Atte: We dove no Spais (~elearly fom one county {nto another We drove in Spain=When we were ‘in Spain, we traveled by ca.) “Pedi cohen hk ns hep ine = cea ‘AinsldeB: Cine Ais inside dle B rele Ce pty inside and pally ould cede pct wi ih sir nese bt ght te see at a “The meaning ofthe par of prepstions i very similar, and In Some cues You cn tae one or he eter. The ference between thom (Over snl under dseribe a vera elasonship: (ee below let) [Alnave nd blow deeb the relative position of two things ‘when os higher lower than athe a0. Cast ssudons English Grammar "Bi iow Hf "hey ao wei in fre ye aan a ea ree tnt ea SA! Sort bet crite 634 On, on, off, These prepositions decibe movement or retin ration to aoae Surface Ge digrn on et) ‘Qn to wrt a two words, ef.) wd ke into to make it lero to emphnsz thet movement fom one pac another: " = “The cat jumped onthe able could mean a coco To make it eat, you could say “The et Jumped nf the lable,635, Now, nox beside. bs 63.6 Agsinet Prmaations 101 [Note the ts of on in thes expression: ‘ealendat onthe wall fy onthe calling the news on page & & programene on llovion on he letsight on the one hand/on the other band [Near i the ment genera preposition with the meaning clos fo: t Cire a re a en a [esto ewe a ing el i y dein he oe ‘The cine is | 20th oud fom he cafe, Theater [Mle || the bookshop. {All these lacs are quite nea one arthor, The srst sl is ear (=e Tar ron the fw centre ah tA td 1 suggests that A and Bare together, dat sey know each other 2 Saget that C and D are not together, that they jst happen to be stig inthe same roo. bya ltl Inviaton, You ould wae by o bse ere, or in ‘enlenceT without any inportant change of meaning. [Note thie other expressions with by tolive ty these ‘The roa rune ight by (or past our house, ving win ect on G& ~ Sapo!212 Cosel Students English Grammar 6.4 Prepotions which ‘xpress relationships in tne (6441 Before and afer From the ida of opposition ilustrated by swimming against the ‘cirrent, we can get the den of being aglt a magestion, @ pally, et. Yimin favour of NATO, but Im aginst the we of macear weapons Between (hich is connects with the word fo) refers to pation or movement of something oe somebody in relation to foo objects ‘Among describes postion or movement in ration to move than to objec, ‘Telangle Bis tuted between A and C. Ite exactly hallvey or the, ‘What i the diference Betnen a boat anda ship? alr tobe amon ens (he word alter among always plural [Note Between is ued fr more than two obj ina pattern ike ‘A is situated betioon B, C and D, which can be interpreted a, fA: B and C}4+{A: B and DI [Ac Cand B} 1.8. Hangay les betooon Austin, Romania, Cerchoslovakia and the USSR. The most important ee ‘alter at before between by during for from in on past since through(out) fo towards unl orl) within 1 the following diagrams X is a point in tna; X Yi «period of ime, i. the tance beeen to events botore ater ® mame Before and after ree to pont o periods of ine once side 2g, before the war after diner before the game and ater it before Thursday” after the werkend2 Sine, for, during, ‘ntl “ry ace feos by the ng form of he verb, 9 In the notice: "Bese ala yo res bore lenoig (notice in public levator) ‘afr kinking (or having ought) about it for a wl, 1 ‘Sida to chnose he dark be alt |e svi you, however, to we the constuction, Sekt (-> Chapter 14 A, a5 in the setencs ‘Have a drink befor You go ut offre be hed someting at “The covareton PREPOSITION. INC would sem very formal ‘roma Uefre gong hasing or after hong had). e ice tie *® «= Red the dag a hia: Sree ptt a tine, satng fen tpi > Son a5) Fora pdt tne, te satig at @) an fing = ©) - Devng eo fie, ut not omy or the whole we pi tn, ent ae sen ©) eas oe. case et tenon whe tt ont waar