Name: ABDUL RAOUF KHALID

ID: 01180451B

MLS 300 PART-TIME

COURSE :MICROBIOLOGY THEORY(Virology)

COURSE CODE: MLP 314

ASSIGNMENT 1

DATE:27/06/2021
Question 1

Viruses are small obligate intracellular parasites, which by definition contain either a
RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protective, virus-coded protein coat.For
propagation viruses depend on specialized host cells supplying the complex metabolic
and biosynthetic machinery of eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells. A complete virus
particle is called a virion. The main function of the virion is to deliver its DNA or
RNA genome into the host cell so that the genome can be expressed (transcribed and
translated) by the host cell.
Viruses can be enveloped and some can be naked.

ENVELOPED VIRUS
Enveloped viruses have an additional layer that covers the capsid. This membrane is
composed of lipids and proteins it “stole” from the host cells and viral glycoproteins
(sugars combined with proteins).
1.The following are some Enveloped viruses their host receptors and viral attachment
protein:
Virus Name Host cell Receptor Viral Attachment Protein
Murine leukemia viruses Mouse cationic amino acid SU( surface glycoproteins)
transporter
HIV-1 CD4 gp120
Influenza virus A and B Sialic-acid containing Hemaggluttin
glycoproteins
Measles virus signaling lymphocyte Hemaglutinnin
activation
molecule(CD150)
Hepatitis B and C Sodium taurocholate Surface antigen
cotransportin polypeptide
NON ENVELOPED VIRUS

Non-enveloped viruses do not have a lipid covering, but their effects on humans can be
just as devastating. These “naked” viruses only need their protein-based capsid and
host detector proteins to infect host cells. However, because they lack a lipid envelope,
they more resistant too many disinfectants and other stresses like drying out or heat.

The following are some Naked viruses their receptors and viral attachement protein.
Virus Name Host Cell Receptor Viral Attachment Protein
Polio virus CD 155 VP1
Rhinovirus intercellular adhesion VP1,VP2 and VP3
molecule(ICAM-1)
Adeno virus integrins Fiber protein
Paravirus Erythrocytes P antigen Erythroid precursors
Reovirus alpha2 beta1 integrins -1