Rahul Sankrityayan - Dimagi Gulami (1) - 1

fnekxh xqykeh
fnekxh xqykeh
jkgqy lkaÑR;k;u
+
jkgqy Qkm.Ms 'ku
y[kuÅ
ISBN 978-81-87728-69-6
ewY; % #- 35-00
igyk laLdj.k % tuojh] 2006
igyk iqueZqæ.k % tuojh] 2010
nwljk iqueZqæ.k % flrEcj] 2011
çdk'kd % jkgqy i+Qkm.Ms'ku
69] ckck dk iqjok] isijfey jksM] fu'kkrxat]
y[kuÅ&226 006 }kjk çdkf'kr
vkoj.k % jkeckcw
Vkbils¯Vx % dEI;wVj çHkkx] jkgqy i+Qkm.Ms'ku
eqæd % fØ,fVo fç.VlZ] 628@,l&28] 'kfDruxj] y[kuÅ
Dimagi Gulami by Rahul Sankritayayan

izdk'kdh;
egkif.Mr egkfonzkgs h jkgqy lkaÑR;k;u dh ijEijk lrr izxfr vkSj iz;ksx]

;FkkfLFkfr&fojksèk rFkk lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd ØkfUr ds vfojy izokg ,oa
turk ls vVwV tqM+ko dh ijEijk gSA fujUrj xfr vkSj lrr izxfr gh jkgqy ds
thou dk lkjrÙo gSA udkjkRed ijEijkvksa ij izp.M izgkj vkSj :f<+Hkatu
jkgqy ds fpUru dk dsUnzfcUnq gSA rdZ vkSj foKku esa mudh vkLFkk vVwV FkhA
gj rjg dh f'kfFkyrk] xfrjksèk] dwie.Mwdrk] vUèkfo'okl] rdZghurk]
;FkkfLFkfrokn] iqu#RFkkuokn vkSj vrhrksUeq[krk ds os dV~Vj 'k=kq FksA 'kCn vkSj
deZ µ fl¼kUr vkSj O;ogkj dh ,drk dh os izfrew£r FksA os ,d lPps vkSj
fuHkhZd ØkfUrdkjh cqf¼thoh FksA ^Hkkxks ugha nqfu;k dks cnyks* µ ;g muds
thou dk lw=k okD; FkkA nk'kZfud] fopkjd] bfrgkldkj] iqjkrÙoosÙkk]
lkfgR;dkj] Hkk"kk'kkL=kh vkSj ekDlZokn dk izpkjd gksus ds lkFk gh jkgqy ,d
yksdfiz; tuusrk Hkh FksA Lokèkhurk vkUnksyu vkSj fcgkj ds fdlkuksa ds
vkUnksyu esa mUgksaus izR;{k usr`Rodkjh Hkwfedk fuHkk;hA
iwohZ mÙkj izns'k ds vkt+ex<+ ft+ys ds iUngk xk¡o esa 9 vizSy 1893 dks
tUes jkgqy dk cpiu dk uke dsnkjukFk ik.Ms; FkkA cpiu esa gh mUgksaus ml
Bgjs] :f<+;ksa esa tdM+s lekt ls fonzksg fd;k vkSj ?kj NksM+ fn;kA lukruh
fgUnw] vk;Zlekth vkSj ckS¼ fHk{kq ds :i esa fujUrj lR; vkSj eqfDrekxZ dh
[kkst esa tkjh mudh ;k=kk mUgsa ekDlZoknh fopkjèkkjk rd ys x;hA xs#vk pksyk
mrkjdj mUgksaus et+nwjksa] fdlkuksa ds fy, yM+us vkSj muds fnekxksa ij dlh
csfM+;ksa dks rksM+ Mkyus dks vius thou dk y{; cuk fy;kA
jkgqy vusd Hkk"kk,¡ tkurs FksA bfrgkl] n'kZu vkSj Hkk"kk ls ysdj ntZu&Hkj
fo"k;ksa ds fdlh Hkh igyw ij ,slh fdrkcsa fy[k ldrs Fks tks mUgsa 'kksgjr dh
pksVh ij igqp ¡ k ldrh FkhaA ysfdu vkjkensg dejksa vkSj cM+&s cM+s iqLrdky;ksa esa
cSBdj Hkkjh&Hkkjh iksfFk;k¡ fy[kus ds ctk; mUgksaus ,slk jkLrk pquk tks xk¡oksa dh
èkwy vkSj èkwi Hkjh ixMf.M;ksa dh vksj tkrk FkkA ftl le; t+jk&ls b'kkjs&Hkj
izdk'kdh; @ 5
ls jkgqy dks dksbZ Hkh in&vksgnk&iqjLdkj fey ldrk Fkk] ml le; os fcgkj
vkSj mÙkj izns'k ds xk¡oksa esa ?kwe&?kwedj fdlku lHkk [kM+h djus esa tqVs FksA tc
nqfu;k ds dbZ eqYdksa dh ljdkjsa mUgsa vius ;gk¡ Å¡ps in nsdj cqyk jgh Fkha]
rc og veokjh esa fdlkuksa dh vxqokbZ djrs gq, iqfyl dh ykBh [kk jgs FksA
og pkgrs rks fo}Ùkk ls Hkjs vueksy xzUFk jp ldrs Fks tks mUgsa nqfu;k esa
pksVh ds fo}kuksa esa Å¡pk LFkku fnykrs] ysfdu esgurd'k tuksa dh eqfDr ds
fopkj dks viuk ysus ds ckn mUgksaus viuh vikj izfrHkk dk cM+k fgLlk turk
dks txkus ds fy, lhèkh&ljy Hkk"kk esa NksVh&NksVh iqLrdsa] dgkfu;k¡] ukVd
vkfn fy[kus esa yxk fn;kA Hkkxks ugha] (nqfu;k dks) cnyks] ubdh nqfu;k]
esgjk#u ds nqjnlk] fnekxh xqykeh] rqEgkjh {k;] lkE;okn gh D;ksa tSlh
iqfLrdk,¡ fy[kdj jkgqy us Hkkjrh; lekt dh gj cqjkbZ] gj fo+QLe dh fnekx+h
xqykeh] gj rjg ds vUèkfo'okl] reke x+yr ijEijkvksa ij djkjh pksV dh vkSj
eqfDr ds fopkj dks vke tu dh Hkk"kk esa izLrqr fd;kA bfrgkl dh izxfr dks
jksdus okyh udkjkRed ijEijkvksa ij izp.M izgkj djuk vkSj :f<+;ksa dh
èkfTt;k¡ mM+k nsuk jkgqy ds fpUru dk dsUnzfcUnq FkkA gj rjg dh f'kfFkyrk]
xfrjksèk] dwie.Mwdrk] vUèkfo'okl] rdZghurk] ;FkkfLFkfrokn] iqu#RFkkuokn
vkSj vkxs ds ctk; ihNs ns[krs jgus ds os dV~Vj 'k=kq FksA
mUgksaus viuk thou tueqfDr y{; ds fy, gkse dj fn;kA thou NksVk
Fkk] dke cgqr vfèkd FkkA lfn;ksa ls lkss;s Hkkjrh; lekt dks txkuk vklku
ugha FkkA ckgjh nq'eu ls yM+uk vklku Fkk] ij vius lekt esa cSBs nq'euksa vkSj
[+kqn vius Hkhrj iSBs gq, laLdkjksa] ewY;ksa] fjokt+ksa ds f[k+yki+Q yM+us ds fy,
yksxksa dks rS;kj djuk mruk gh dfBu FkkA jkgqy dks lnk ,d cSpsuh ?ksjs jgrhA
fdruk dke iM+k gS! dSls gksxk ;g lc! ,d lkFk nks&nks fdrkcsa fy[kus esa tqV
tkrsA Vªus esa pyrs gq,] lHkkvksa ds chp feyus okys ?k.Vs&vkèk ?k.Vs ds vUrjky
es]a ;k lksus ds le; esa Hkh dVkSrh djds og fy[krs jgsA yxkrkj dke ls mudk
lqUnj] yEck] cfy"B 'kjhj ttZj gks x;kA ij og #ds ughaA vkf[k+jh fnuksa esa rks
og nnZ ls iQVrs ekFks ij dldj iV~Vh ck¡èkdj rhu dejksa esa cSBs rhu lkfFk;ksa
dks Vgy&Vgydj ,d lkFk rhu&rhu fdrkcsa fy[kokrs FksA ;g flyflyk rc
rd pyk tc efLr"d ij iM+us okys Hkh"k.k ncko ls mUgsa Le`frHkax ugha gks
x;kA ;kn us lkFk NksM+ fn;kA
jkgqy dk thou ,d lrr ;k=kk FkhA ;g dguk fcYdqy lgh gS fd ftl
izdkj muds ik¡o dHkh ugha #ds mlh izdkj mudh dye Hkh fujUrj pyrh
jghA fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ij mUgksaus Ms<+ lkS ls vfèkd iqLrdsa fy[kha ftuesa ls dbZ
6 @ fnekx+h X+kqykeh
vc Hkh vizdkf'kr gSAa vufxur ys[k] fucUèk vkSj Hkk"k.k blds vykok gSAa ckS¼
n'kZu dh vusd nqyZHk Ñfr;ksa dks os vFkd ifjJe ls lkeus yk;s tks vc rd
vizdkf'kr gSAa
^fnekxh xqykeh* uke dh bl NksVh&lh iqfLrdk esa jkgqy us viuh ekjd
vkSj fopkjksÙkstd 'kSyh esa ns'k ds fiNM+s lkekftd thou ds dqN igyqvksa ij
fopkj fd;k gSA vkt ls Bhd ipkl o"kZ igys fy[kh x;h ;g iqfLrdk dbZ
ek;uksa esa vkt Hkh izklafxd gSA bldk iquizZdk'ku vrhr dh Le`fr;ksa ls izsj.kk
ysus vkSj viuh xkSjo'kkyh ijEijk ls tqM+dj mldh vèkwjh jkg ij vkxs c<+us
ds iz;kl esa enn djsxk] ;g gekjk fo'okl gSA
vkt tc loZxzklh ladV ls xzLr gekjk lekt xgjh fujk'kk] xfrjksèk vkSj
tM+rk ds v¡èksjs xrZ esa iM+k gqvk gS] tgk¡ iqjkruiUFkh ewY;ksa&ekU;rkvksa vkSj
:f<+;ksa ds dhM+s fcyfcyk jgs gSa] rks jkgqy dk mxz :f<+Hkatd] lkgfld vkSj
vkosxe; iz;ksxèkekZ O;fDrRo izjs .kk dk Ïksr cudj lkeus vkrk gSA vkt jkgqy
dh oSKkfud thoun`f"V ds vFkd izpkjd O;fDrRo ls lh[kus dh t+:jr gS]
mudh yksdksUeq[k rdZijdrk ls lh[kus dh t+:jr gS] muds tSls ldeZd
bfrgkl&cksèk ls ySl gksus dh t+:jr gS vkSj fl¼kUr vkSj O;ogkj esa oSlh
,drk o+Qk;e djus dh t+:jr gSA vkt ftl u;s ØkfUrdkjh iqutkZxj.k vkSj
izcksèku dh t+:jr gS] mldh rS;kjh djrs gq, jkgqy tSls bfrgkl&iq#"k dk
O;fDrRo gekjs ekul dks lokZfèkd vkUnksfyr djrk gSA
izdk'kdh; @ 7
fo"k;&lwph
1 fnekxh xqykeh -------------------------------------------------- 11

2 xk¡èkhokn ----------------------------------------------------------- 17
3 fgUnw&eqfLye leL;k ---------------------------------------- 25
4 f'k{kk esa vkewy ifjorZu ------------------------------------ 30
5 uo&fuekZ.k -------------------------------------------------------- 37
6 tehankjh ugha pkfg, ------------------------------------------ 44
7 fdlkuks lkoèkku! ---------------------------------------------- 49
8 vNwrksa dks D;k pkfg,\ ------------------------------------- 53
9 [ksfrgj&etnwj --------------------------------------------------- 57
10 :l esa <kbZ ekl ----------------------------------------------- 60
1
fnekxh xqykeh
ftl tkfr dh lH;rk ftruh iqjkuh gksrh gS] mldh ekufld nklrk ds
cUèku Hkh mrus gh vfèkd gksrs gSaA Hkkjr dh lH;rk iqjkuh gS] blesa rks 'kd gh
ugha vkSj blfy, blds vkxs c<+us ds jkLrs esa #dkoVsa Hkh vfèkd gSaA ekufld
nklrk izxfr esa lcls vfèkd ckèkd gksrh gSA
gekjs d"V] gekjh vkfFkZd] lkekftd] jktuhfrd leL;k,¡ bruh vfèkd
vkSj bruh tfVy gSa fd ge rc rd mudk dksbZ gy lksp ugha ldrs tc rd
fd ge lkiQ&lkiQ vkSj LorU=krkiwoZd bu ij lkspus dk iz;Ru u djsaA oÙkZeku
'krkCnh ds vkjEHk esa Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh;rk dh ck<+&lh vk x;h] de ls de r#.k
f'kf{krksa esaA ;g jk"Vªh;rk cgqr va'kksa esa 'yk?; jgus ij Hkh fdrus gh va'kksa esa
vUèkh jk"Vªh;rk FkhA
>wB&lp ftl rjhds ls Hkh gks] vius ns'k ds bfrgkl dks lcls vfèkd
funksZ"k vkSj xkSjo'kkyh fl¼ djus vFkkZr vius ½f"k&eqfu;ksa] ys[kdksa vkSj
fopkjdksa] jktkvksa vkSj jkt&laLFkkvksa esa chloha 'krkCnh dh cM+h ls cM+h
jktuhfrd egÙo dh phtksa dks ns[kuk gekjh bl jk"Vªh;rk dk ,d vax FkkA
vius Hkkjr dks izkphu Hkkjr vkSj mlds fuokfl;ksa dks ges'kk ls nqfu;k ds lHkh
jk"Vªkas ls Åij lkfcr djus dh nqHkkZouk ls izfs jr gks ge tks dqN Hkh vuki&'kuki
,sfrgkfld [kkst ds uke ij fy[ksa] mldks ;fn ik'pkR; fo}ku u ekusa rks >V
ls iQrok ikl dj nsuk fd lHkh if'peh ,sfrgkfld vaxzsth vkSj izQkalhlh]
teZu vkSj bVkfy;u] vesfjdu vkSj :lh] Mp vkSj tsdksLyko lHkh csbeZ ku gSa]
lHkh "kM~;U=k djds gekjs ns'k ds bfrgkl ds ckjs esa >wBh&>wBh ckrsa fy[krs gSaA
os gekjs iwtuh; osn dks lk<+s rhu vkSj pkj gtkj o"kks± ls vfèkd iqjkuk ugha gksus
nsrs (gkyk¡fd os Bhd ,d vjc ckuos o"kZ igys cus Fks)A bu Hkysekulksa ds
[k;ky esa vkrk gS fd vxj fdlh rjg ls ge viuh lH;rk] viuh iqLrdkas
vkSj vius ½f"k&eqfu;ksa dks nqfu;k esa lcls iqjkuk lkfcr dj nas] rks gekjk dke
fnekxh xqykeh @ 11
cu x;kA
'kk;n nqfu;k gekjs vfèkdkjksa dh izkphurk dks ns[kdj fcuk >xM+k&>a>V
ds gh gesa vktkn gks tkus ns] vU;Fkk gekjs r#.k viuh ulksa esa ml izkphu
lH;rk ds fuekZrkvksa dk jDr gksus ds vfHkeku esa erokys gks tk;sa vkSj fiQj
vius jk"Vª dh mUufr ds fy, cM+h ls cM+h dqckZuh Hkh muds ck;sa gkFk dk [ksy
cu tk;s] vkSj rc gekjs ns'k dks vktkn gks tkus esa fdrus fnu yxsxa \s vkt gekjs
gkFk esa pkgs vkXus; vL=k u gks]a u;h&u;h rksias vkSj e'khu xu u gks]a leqUnj ds
uhps vkSj gok ds Åij ls izy; dk rwiQku epkus okyh iuMqfCc;k¡ vkSj tgkt
u gksa] ysfdu ;fn ge jktk Hkkst ds dkB ds mM+us okys ?kksM+s vkSj 'kqØuhfr esa
ck:n lkfcr dj nsa rks gekjh ik¡pksa v¡xqfy;k¡ ?kh esaA bl csodwiQh dk Hkh dgha
fBdkuk gS fd cki&nknksa ds >wB&ewB ds ,s'o;Z ls ge iQwys u lek;sa vkSj gekjk
vkèkk tks'k mlh dh iz'kalk esa [kpZ gks tk;sA
vius izkphu dky ds xoZ ds dkj.k ge vius Hkwr ds Lusg esa dM+kbZ ds
lkFk c¡èk tkrs gSa vkSj blls gesa mÙkstuk feyrh gS fd vius iwoZtksa dh èkkfeZd
ckrksas dks vk¡[k ew¡ndj ekuus ds fy, rS;kj gks tk;saA ck:n vkSj mM+u[kVksyk esa
rks >wB&lk¡p idM+us dh xqatkb'k gS] ysfdu èkkfeZd {ks=k esa rks v¡èksjs esa dkyh
fcYyh ns[kus ds fy, gjsd vkneh LorU=k gSA u ;gk¡ lksygksa vkuk cÙkhlksa jÙkh
Bhd&Bhd rkSyus ds fy, dksbZ rqyk gS vkSj u >wB&lk¡p dh dksbZ iDdh
dlkSVhA ,d pyrk&iqtkZ cnek'k gSA mlus vius dkS'ky] #i;s&iSls vkSj
èkks[ksèkM+h vkSj rjg&rjg ds izyksHku ls dqN LokfFkZ;ksa ;k vk¡[k ds vUèks xk¡B ds
iwjksa dks feykdj ,d udVk iUFk dk;e dj fn;k vkSj fiQj yxh gtkjksa
NksVh&eksVh] f'kf{kr vkSj ew[kZ] dkyh vkSj liQsn HksM+sa gk&gk dj ukd dVkusA
ftUnxh&Hkj og cnek'k ekSt djrk jgkA ejus ds ckn mlds vuq;kf;;ksa us mls
vkSj Å¡pk c<+kuk 'kq: fd;kA vxj ml tekr dks dqN 'krkfCn;ksa rd vius bl
izpkj esa dke;kch feyh rks fiQj og èkwrZ nqfu;k dk egku iq#"k vkSj ifo=k
vkRek izfl¼ gks x;kA
iqjkus oDr dh ckrksa dks NksM+ nhft;sA eSaus viuh vk¡[kksa ls ,sls dqN
vknfe;ksa dks ns[kk gS ftuesa dqN ej x;s gSa vkSj dqN vHkh rd ftUnk gSAa mudk
Hkhrjh thou fdruk ?k`f.kr] LokFkZiw.kZ vkSj vla;r FkkA ysfdu ckgj HkDr yksx
muds n'kZu] lqeèkqj vkyki ls vius dks vgksHkkX; le>us yxrs FksA utnhd ls
nsf[k;s] ;s èkkfeZd egkRekvksa ds eB vkSj vkJe <ksax ds izpkj ds fy, [kqyh
ikB'kkyk,¡ gSa vkSj èkeZ&izpkj D;k] iwjs lkS lSdM+s uiQs dk jkstxkj gSA vfèkdka'k
yksx blesa vius O;olk; ds [k;ky ls tqVs gq, gSaA v;ksè;k esa ,d egkRek FksA
muls jketh brus izlUu gq, fd mUgksua s Lo;a cSd.q B ls vkdj mudk ikf.kxzg.k
fd;kA gk¡] ikf.kxzg.k fd;k! iq#"k Fks igys] ihNs rks Hkxoku dh Ñik ls og
mudh fiz;rek ds :i esa ifjofrZr dj fn;s x;sA jketh ds fy, D;k eqf'dy
gSA tc iRFkj euq"; ds :i esa cny ldrk gS rks iq#"k dks L=kh ds :i esa cny
nsuk dkSu&lh cM+h ckr\ ,slk&,slk ifjorZu rks vktdy Hkh vuk;kl fdruh
ckj ns[kk x;k gSA
,d u;k er bèkj 50&60 o"kZ ls pyk gSA og nqfu;k&Hkj dh lkjh
csodwfiQ;ksa] Hkwr&izsr] tknw&eU=k lcdks foKku ls fl¼ djus ds fy, rqyk gqvk
gSA csodwiQ fgUnqLrkuh le>rs gSa fd vkWDliQksMZ vkSj dSfEczt ls xngs ugha
fudyrs vkSj lHkh tSd vkSj tkulu lkbal NksM+dj nwljh ckr gh ugha djrsA
bu vèkdpjs if.Mrksa us vius vèkwjs Kku ds vkèkkj ij Hkwr&izsr] nsoh&nsork]
lkèkq&iwtk lcdks rhl cjl igys fudys oSKkfud ^fl¼kUrksa* ls fl¼ djuk
'kq: fd;kA
gkyk¡fd mu fl¼kUrksa esa vc 75 iQhlnh xyr lkfcr gks x;s gSa] ysfdu
vHkh vUèks HkDrksa ds fy, ml iqjkus foKku ds iqV ls rS;kj fd;s gq, xzUFk
czãokD; cu jgs gSaA fgUnqLrku dk bfrgkl cgqr yEck&pkSM+k gS gh µ dky
vkSj ns'k nksuksa ds [k;ky lsA gekjh csodwfiQ;ksa dh fyLV Hkh mlh rjg cgqr
yEch&pkSM+h gSA vUèkh jk"Vªh;rk vkSj mlds iSxEcjksa us geesa vius Hkwr ds izfr
vR;Ur HkfDr iSnk dj nh gS vkSj fiQj gekjh mu lHkh ew[kZrkvksa ds iks"k.k ds
fy, lM+h&xyh foKku dh F;ksfj;k¡ vkSj fnokfy;s 'osrkax rS;kj gh gSAa fiQj D;ksa
u ge viuh vDy csp [kkus ds fy, rS;kj gks tk;sa\ ftuds ;gk¡ ok;q;ku gh
ugha] dkB ds ?kksM+s Hkh vkdk'k esa mM+rs gksa] ftuds ;gk¡ ck:n vkSj vkXus;kL=k
gh ugha] eq[k ls fudyh gqbZ Tokyk esa djksM+ksa 'k=kq ,d {k.k esa tydj jk[k gks
tkrs gks]a ftudh lw{e nk'kZfud foospukvksa vkSj vkReoapukvksa dks lqudj vkt
Hkh nqfu;k nax gks tk;s] og Hkyk fdlh ckr dks >wBk fy[k ldrk gS\ frikbZ ij
Hkwr cqykuk] esLesfjTe] gsIukfVTe vkfn ds }kjk igys oSKkfud <ax ls gesa viuh
foLr`r gksrh tkrh csodwfiQ;ksa ds ikl ys tk;k x;k vkSj vc rks foKku
ikfjrksf"kd fotsrk yksx ljs eSnku gjlwjke vkSj gfjjke czã dh foHkwfr ck¡V jgs
gSaA vkf[kj tc ukscqy iqjLdkj fotsrk vkfyoj vkt Hkwrksa&izsrksa ij iqLrdsa fy[k
jgk gS vkSj dle [kk&[kkdj yksxksa esa mudk izpkj dj jgk gS rks gekjs bu
Lons'kh Hkkb;ksa dk dlwj gh D;k\
vHkh rd f'kf{kr yksx iQfyr T;ksfr"k dks >wB le>rs Fks] ysfdu vc
mlds Hkh dkiQh vfèkd fgek;rh gks pys gSaA og bls iDdk foKku ekurs gSaA
fnekxh xqykeh @ 13
T;ksfrf"k;ksa dh Hkfo";ok.kh dks Nkius ds fy, gekjs v[kckj ,d&nwljs ls gksM+
yxk jgs gSAa 27 vxLr dh ^lpZykbV* ,d T;ksfr"kh egkjkt dh ekSle lEcUèkh
Hkfo";ok.kh dks ,d izèkku i`"B ij LFkku nsrh gSA fiQj iwuk esa yk[kksa #i;s [kpZ
djds blds fy, ;U=k vkSj fo'ks"kK j[kus dh D;k t:jr gS\ Lons'kh dk
tekuk gS] dkaxszl dk efU=ke.My Hkh gks x;k gSA T;ksfrf"k;ksa dks pkfg, fd ,d
cM+k&lk MsiqVs'ku ysdj eq[;efU=k;ksa ls feysaA mudks fo'okl j[kuk pkfg, fd
dkaxzsl ds Ng izkUrksa esa ,sls eU=kh cgqr de gh gksaxs ftudk T;ksfr"k esa fo'okl
u gksxkA T;ksfr"kh yksx ns'k&lsok ds [k;ky ls viuk osru de djus dks rS;kj
gksaxs gh] fiQj D;k t:jr gS fd Lons'kh lkèku ds jgrs ½rq&Hkfo";&dFku ds
;U=k] HkwdEi ds flLeksxzkiQ vkfn dk c[ksM+k vkSj ml ij gtkj&gtkj]
iUnzg&iUnzg lkS #i;s eghuk ysus okys fo'ks"kKksa dks j[kk tk;s\ T;ksfr"kh yksx
vius dke dks cM+h liQyrk ds lkFk dj ldrs gSaA mUgsa u ;U=kksa dh
vko';drk gS vkSj u ckgj ls lwpukvksa ds e¡xkus dhA ,d LFkku ij cSB&s cSBs gh
os lHkh ckrsa cryk fn;k djsaxsA fiQj rkjhiQ ;g fd ,d gh vkneh vfro`f"V
vkSj vuko`f"V dks Hkh cryk nsxk vkSj HkwdEi dks HkhA LojkT; dh fdLr
vkus&tkus esa vxj dqN nsj gksxh rks mls Hkh usrkvksa dh tUe&i=kh ns[kdj cryk
nsxkA vHkh blh lky ,d egkjkt ckn'kkg dh xíh ns[kus foyk;r tkuk pkgrs
FksA nq"V xzgksa dh mUgsa cM+h fiQØ Fkh vkSj muls Hkh vfèkd fiQØ Fkh mudh ek¡
dhA ,d T;ksfr"kh th us vkdj es"k&feFkqu fxudj egkjkt dks Hkh lUrq"V dj
fn;k fd dksbZ xzg f[kykiQ ugha gS vkSj ek¡ dks Hkh [ke Bkasddj dg fn;k fd
egkjkt dks dksbZ vfu"V ugha gS] eSa ftEesokjh ysrk gw¡A lc yksx izlUu gks x;sA
T;ksfr"kh th dks 5 gtkj #i;s feysA Hkyk bruk lLrk ftUnxh dk chek dgha gks
ldrk gS\ ,slk gksus ij ,d vkSj iQk;nk gksxkA gjsd izkUrh; ljdkj esa ,d
ljdkjh T;ks f r"kh vkS j 10&5 lgk;d T;ks f r"kh gks u s ij efU=k;ks a vkS j
inkfèkdkfj;ksa dks Hkh T;ksfrf"k;ksa ds ihNs xyh&xyh dh [kkd u Nkuuh iM+sxhA
viuh choh vkSj NksVs&eksVs ccqvk&ccquh lcdk o"kZ&iQy lky dk lky
igqp¡ rk jgsxkA Lons'kh O;olk; dks t:j vkidks izkRs lkgu nsuk pkfg, vkSj blls
c<+dj 'kq¼ Lons'kh O;olk; vkSj D;k gks ldrk gS ftlds fny] fnekx] 'kjhj
vkSj ifjJe lHkh phtsa lksygksa vkus Lons'kh gSaA
ge yksxksa ds feF;k fo'okl D;k ,d&nks gSa fd ftUgsa ,d NksVs ls ys[k esa
fy[kk tk lds\ gekjs ;gk¡ rks blds fefly ds fefly vkSj iQkby dh iQkby
rS;kj gSA vkSj rkjhiQ ;g gS fd bu csodwfiQ;ksa ds Hkkjh&Hkjde cks> dks flj ij
ykns gq, gekjs usrk yksx leqUnj ikj dj tkuk pkgrs gSAa mUgsa iwjk fo'okl gS fd
cSdq.B ds Hkxoku] vkdk'k ds uoxzg vkSj i`Foh ds T;ksfr"kh vkSj vks>k&l;kus
mudh ;k=kk esa t:j dqN gkFk cVk;saxsA
gekjh tkfr&ik¡fr dh O;oLFkk dks gh ys yhft;sA og gekjs ½f"k&eqfu;ksa
ds mu cM+s vkfo"dkjksa esa gS ftu ij gesa cM+k vfHkeku gSA jk"Vªh; Hkkoukvksa dh
tkx`fr ds lkFk&lkFk ;|fi dqN bus&fxus yksx tkfr&ik¡fr ds f[kykiQ cksyus
yxs] ysfdu vc Hkh gekjs mPpdksfV ds usrkvksa dk vfèkdka'k Hkkx vius
½f"k;ksa dh bl vn~Hkqr fo'ks"krk dh dnz djus dks rS;kj gSA usrkvksa us ns[k fy;k
fd ;g tkfr&ik¡fr] vkil ds iQwV] Hksn&Hkko ds c<+kus dk ,d lcls cM+k
dkj.k cu jgk gSA dqN lky igys rks Hkhrj&Hkhrj tkrh; laxBu Hkh bUgksaus dj
j[kk Fkk vkSj vc Hkh cgqrksa dks mls NksM+us esa eksg yxrk gSA eSa vU; usrkvksa dh
ckr ugha dgrkA eSa [kkl dkaxzsl ds usrkvksa dh ckr dgrk gw¡A mu cspkjksa dks
blh dksf'k'k esa ejuk iM+ jgk gS fd dSls jk"Vªh;rk vkSj tkfr&ik¡fr nksuksa lkFk
nkfgus&ck;sa dUèks ij ogu fd;s tk ldrs gSaA muesa ls dqN us rks t:j le>
fy;k gksxk fd ;g vlEHko gSA 'kq¼ jk"Vªh;rk rc rd vk gh ugha ldrh tc
rd vki tkfr&ik¡fr rksM+us ij rS;kj u gksaA vxj vki tkfr&ik¡fr rksM+s gq, ugha
gS]a rks vkidk okLrfod lalkj vkidh tkfr ds Hkhrj gSA ckgj okyksa ds lkFk rks
fliQZ dkepykÅ le>kSrk gSA tc vki fdlh in ij igq¡psaxs rks bZekunkjh jgus
ij vkidh jk; dks iz H kkfor djus es a liQyrk lcls vfèkd vkids
tkfr&Hkkb;ksa dh gksxhA ukSdjh&pkdjh fnykus] desVh] lc&desVh esa Hkstus vkSj
fliQkfj'kh fpV~Bh fy[kus esa etcwju vkidks viuh tkfr dk [k;ky djuk
gksxkA vkneh ds fny esa gtkjksa dksBfj;k¡ t:j gSa] ysfdu ogk¡ ,slh iQdZ&iQdZ
dksBfj;k¡ ugha gSa ftuesa ,d esa tkfr&ik¡fr dk Hkko iM+k jgs vkSj nwljs esa mlls
vNwrh jk"Vªh;rk cuh jgsA tSls fdlkuksa ds vkUnksyu esa vkus okys le>nkj
vknfe;ksa dks igys gh ls rS;kj gksdj vkuk pkfg, fd mUgsa lkE;okn esa iSj
j[kuk gS] oSls gh jk"Vªh;rk ds iFk ij iSj j[kus okyksa dks Hkh le>uk pkfg, fd
mUgsa tkfr&ik¡fr dh nhokjksa dks rksM+ fxjkuk gksxkA ;fn dksbZ vkneh jk"Vªh; usrk
jguk pkgrk gS vkSj lkFk gh vius tkfr&Hkkb;ksa dh ?kfu"Brk dks dk;e j[kuk
pkgrk gS rks ;k rks og bZekunkj ugha jgsxk ;k mls vliQy gksdj jguk iM+sxkA
viuh tkfr ds lkFk ?kfu"Brk j[kdj dSls nwljh tkfr dk fo'oklik=k dksbZ gks
ldrk gS\ efU=k;ksa dks rks [kkl rkSj ls lkoèkku jguk iM+sxkA D;ksafd
tkfr&Hkkb;ksa dh ?kfu"Brk mUgsa vklkuh ls cnuke dj ldrh gSA esjh le> esa
izkUr ds fy,] jk"Vª ds fy,] dkaxzsl ds fy, vkSj O;fDrxr rkSj ls usrkvksa ds
fy, vPNk ;gh gS fd gjsd izèkku usrk rqjUr ls rqjUr vius yM+ds&yM+fd;ksa]
fnekxh xqykeh @ 15
Hkrhts&Hkrhft;ksa vFkok Hkk¡tk&Hkk¡ft;ksa ;k ukrh&ufrfu;ksa eas ls de&ls&de
,d dh 'kknh tkfr&ik¡fr rksM+dj fn[kyk ns] tSlk fd egkRek xk¡èkh th rFkk
jktxksikykpkjh us djds fn[kk;kA
vk¡[k ew¡ndj gesa le; dh izrh{kk ugha djuh pkfg,A gesa viuh ekufld
nklrk dh csM+h dh ,d&,d dM+h dks csnnhZ ds lkFk rksM+dj iQsadus ds fy,
rS;kj gksuk pkfg,A ckgjh ØkfUr ls dgha T;knk t:jr ekufld ØkfUr dh gSA
gesa nkfgus&ck;s]a vkxs&ihNs nksuksa gkFk uaxh ryokj upkrs gq, viuh lHkh :f<+;ksa
dks dkVdj vkxs c<+uk pkfg,A ØkfUr izp.M vkx gS] og xk¡o ds ,d >ksiM+s
dks tykdj pyh ugha tk;sxhA og mlds dPps&iDds lHkh ?kjksa dks tykdj
[kkd dj nsxh vkSj gesa u;s fljs ls u;s egy cukus ds fy, uhao Mkyuh iM+xs hA
···
2
xk¡èkhokn
fiNys lksyg o"kks± ls Hkkjr esa xk¡èkhokn dh cM+h èkwe gS vkSj izkUrksa esa
vfèkdka'k yksx xk¡èkhokn ds cgqr de va'kksa ls lger gSa] ysfdu fcgkj esa
xk¡èkhokn dk ,dek=k lkezkT; le>k tkrk gSA fcgkj igys ls Hkh caxky ds
vèkhu jgus ds dkj.k lc ckrksa esa ijeq[kkis{kh jgk gS] ukSdjh&pkdjh]
odhy&cSfjLVj] izksiQslj vkSj vè;kid lHkh txg ij mudh la[;k vkSj izHkko
ux.;&lk jgk gSA oSls rks ekr`Hkk"kk fgUnh ;qDr izkUr tSls nwljs izkUrksa esa Hkh nklh
ds gh rkSj ij dpgfj;ksa vkSj ljdkjh nÝrjksa esa j[kh x;h Fkh] ysfdu fcgkj esa
rks mldh n'kk vkSj Hkh n;uh; jghA tgk¡ vkSj fgUnh Hkk"kk&Hkk"kh izkUrksa esa ljdkj
ls u lgh] izkbosV laLFkkvksa vkSj O;fDr;ksa }kjk fgUnh ds gd dh iwjh fgek;r
dh x;h] ogk¡ fcgkj esa mldh rjiQ cgqr de [k;ky j[kk x;kA ;wfuoflZVh ds
xzstq,V tks dydÙkk fo'ofo|ky; ds gksrs Fks] vOoy rks muesa lkfgfR;d #fp
gksus ugha ikrh Fkh vkSj ;fn fdlh dks gqbZ rks mls c¡xyk lkfgR; ds ckjs esa tkuus
ds fy, vfèkd lqfoèkk FkhA fcgkj ds tehankj rks lcls fudEes] vlaLÑr vkSj
lalkj dh izxfr ls vufHkK jgrs vk;s gSaA muls bl {ks=k esa dksbZ vk'kk djuk
nqjk'kk ek=k FkkA ;gh dkj.k gS ftUgksaus fcgkfj;ksa dks ytkyw] ladksph vkSj
lkoZtfud LFkkuksa esa cksyus&pkyus rFkk vius dks vkxs ykus esa Hkh# cuk fn;kA
fdlh Hkh mUufr'khy tkfr ds fy, ftu xq.kksa dh vko';drk gS] mudh
fcgkfj;ksa esa deh ugha gSA
;fn vki fcgkj esa 1921 esa vlg;ksx djds vk;s gq, NksVs&cM+s
dk;ZdÙkkZvksa dh vksj n`f"V Mkysa vkSj mudh rqyuk nwljs izkUrksa ls djsa rks ekywe
gksxk fd fcgkjh vlg;ksfx;ksa us ftl vkn'kZ ds fy, viuh oS;fDrd
mPpkdka{kkvksa dk R;kx fd;k] os ml vkn'kZ ij cgqr vfèkd la[;k esa dk;e
jgsA ;g cgqr vklkuh ls le>k tk ldrk gS fd vius vkn'kZ ds fy, R;kx
djus esa fcgkfj;ksa esa fLFkjrk bruh jgh gS ftruh 'kk;n gh Hkkjr ds fdlh izkUr
xk¡èkhokn @ 17
esa jgh gksA R;kx dh fLFkjrk ds lkFk fcgkfj;ksa essa ,d vkSj lcls vPNk xq.k jgk
gS fd usrk cuus ds fy, ;gk¡ mrus >xM+s ugha gq,A bl izdkj oS;fDrd
mPpkdka{kk dh deh Hkh muds vPNs xq.kksa esa gSA erHksn j[krs gq, Hkh fcgkjh
jk"VªdehZ vuq'kklu dks cjkcj ekurs vk;s gSaA fcgkj ds lkE;oknh Hkh tks
cgqr&lh ckrksa esa D;k] izk;% gh ekSfyd ckrksa esa jktsUnz ckcw ls erHksn j[krs gSa]
ysfdu rc Hkh os mudk cM+k lEeku djrs gSa vkSj cgqr gn rd vkKk ds
vuqlkj pyus ds fy, rS;kj jgrs gSaA
jktsUnz ckcw ds ckjs esa Hkh ;g dguk iM+sxk fd os vius ls erHksn j[kus
okyksa dh ckrsa Hkh cjkcj è;ku ls lquus vkSj tgk¡ rd gks lds] erHksn dks
feVkus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA ;fn fdlh ckr esa nksuksa dh jk; esa iQdZ gks rks Hkh
mlesa dM+okgV vkus ugha nsuk pkgrsA fLFkj R;kx] oS;fDrd egÙokdka{kk ij
la;e vkSj cM+ksa dk vuq'kklu] ;s rhuksa ckrsa fdlh Hkh tkfr dh liQyrk ds
fy, vR;Ur vko';d gSa vkSj ;s rhuksa cgqr izpqj ifjek.k esa fcgkfj;ksa esa ekStwn
gSAa
bfrgkl dks ns[kus ls ekywe gksxk fd fcgkj dksus esa fNih jgus okyh pht
u FkkA fgUnwd'k ls vklke vkSj fgeky; ls dU;kdqekjh rd foLr`r ,d jk"Vª
dk cukuk vkSj mldks 'krkfCn;ksa rd liQyrkiwoZd pykuk fcgkfj;ksa dk gh
dke FkkA oLrqr% ;fn ns[kk tk;s rks ekywe gksxk fd ikVfyiq=k (iVuk) tc ls
jk"VªdsUnz ugha jgk] rc ls lkjk Hkkjr fiQj ,d jk"Vªh; lw=k esa c¡èk u ldkA
,sls dke ds fy, fcgkj vxqok cuk Fkk] fiQj og ytkyw] ladksph vkSj
lHkk&lekt esa Hkh# tSlh lwjr cukdj jg gh dSls ldrk FkkA eSa ekurk gw¡ fd
;s ckrsa blds nks"k gSa vkSj ;s mldh izÑfr ls lEc¼ ugha gSa] bldk lk{kh rks
bfrgkl gSA gk¡] fiNyh Ms<+ 'krkfCn;ksa esa dqN ,slh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ mRiUu gqb±
ftuls fcgkfj;ksa esa ;s ckras vk x;haA vc gesa mUgsa gVkus dh dksf'k'k djuh
pkfg,A
'kk;n ;s nks"k vklkuh ls jg Hkh tkrs] fdUrq xk¡èkhokn us vius izHkko ls bls
vkSj iDdk djuk pkgkA eq¡g lw[kk] vk¡[ksa eq>kZ;ha] flj uhps >qdk] Nkrh iSj dh
vksj nch] ;gh rks xk¡èkhokn dk vkdkj yksxksa ds lkeus vkrk gSA vkSj mlus vius
HkDr fcgkfj;ksa ij ;fn ;g Nki NksM+uh pkgh rks blesa vk'p;Z gh D;kA
xk¡èkhokn us Hkkjrh; bfrgkl eas lcls mYys[kuh; egÙo dh tks ckr dh]
og gS lkèkkj.k turk rd ØkfUr ds lUns'k dks igq¡pkuk vkSj mlds fy,
LokFkZ&R;kx dk Hkko iSnk djukA ;g ekewyh ckr ugha gS vkSj blds fy,
bfrgkl ges'kk xk¡èkh th dk uke vknj vkSj vfHkeku ds lkFk ysxkA ysfdu
mlds lkFk gh mlus jk"Vª dk lcls cM+k vidkj Hkh fd;k gS vkSj og gS] gekjh
iqjkuh csodwfiQ;ksa ds izfr xk<+h J¼k iSnk dj nsukA ;g ekurk gw¡ fd bfrgkl esa
igyh gh ckr LFkk;h gksdj jgsxhA nwljh ckr dks 'kk;n ,d 'krkCnh ds Hkhrj
gh yksx Hkwy tk;saxs] ysfdu bl oDr vkSj vHkh nl&chl o"kZ rd gekjs jk"Vª
dks bldk iQy Hkksxuk iM+sxkA
lcls cM+h csodwiQh ftls xk¡èkhokn us lgkjk vkSj mÙkstuk nh gS] og èkeZ
dh dV~Vjrk gSA yksx dgasxs fd xk¡èkh th us vNwrks¼kj&tSls vkUnksyu mBkdj
èkeZ ds fopkjksa esa Hkh rks ØkfUr iSnk dh gSA vNwrks¼kj rks ekyoh; th Hkh vius
<ax ls djuk pkgrs gSa vkSj lkFk esa fgUnw ;wfuoflZVh esa chl yk[k #i;k yxkdj
,d u;k fo'oukFk rS;kj djuk pkgrs gSaA D;k ;g chloha 'krkCnh ds lcls cM+s
fgUnw usrk dh lcls cM+h csodwiQh ugha gS\ xk¡èkh th ds vNwrks¼kj dk egÙo
cgqr ?kV tkrk gS tc ge mlds lkFk ½f"k&eqfu;ksa vkSj muds xzUFk xhrk vkfn
ds xkSjo dks muds }kjk [kwc c<+k;k tkrk ns[krs gSaA ftu xzUFkksa eas vNwrius dh
ckr Hkjh iM+h gS vkSj ftu ½f"k&eqfu;ksa us vius vkJeksa ds vklikl euq";
ukeèkkjh nkl&nkfl;ksa ds Åij lgÏkfCn;ksa rd vekuqf"kd vR;kpkj gksrs
ns[kdj Hkh viuh riL;k Hkax u dh] muds xzUFk vNwrks¼kj ds ckèkd NksM+
lkèkd dSls gks ldrs gSa\ xk¡èkhth foi{k esa tkus okys okD; dh u;h O;k[;k
dj viuk dke pykuk pkgrs gSaA
Hkkjr esa igys Hkh ,sls dqN lqèkkjd gq, gSa ftuds dke djus dk ;gh <ax
FkkA ysfdu ;g rks uklwj ij Åijh ejge&iV~Vh gSA ;gh 'kkL=k vkSj ½f"k&eqfu;ksa
ds izfr xkSjo rks vkSj Hkh vNwrius dh uhao dks etcwr djus ds dkj.k cus gSa
vkSj xk¡èkh th pkgrs gSa fd 'kkL=k vkSj ½f"k&eqfu;ksa ds xkSjo esas Hkh dksbZ cV~Vk u
vkus ik;s vkSj lkFk gh eqfu;ksa dk ;g lcls cM+k vR;kpkj Hkh gekjs lekt ls
fonk gks tk;sA
vius opu vkSj vkpkj }kjk ugha] cfYd izkFkZuk&lEesyuksa ds izn'kZu ls Hkh
mUgksaus bZ'oj&HkfDr dh cgqr iqf"V dh gSA euq";ksa dh vlekurk µ vkfFkZd vkSj
lkekftd nksuksa gh rFkk :f<+;ksa ds iks"k.k esa bZ'oj dk [k;ky lcls vfèkd
lgk;d lkfcr gqvk gSA lalkj ds gj le; ds gjsd ØkfUrdkjh bl ckr dks
vPNh rjg tkurs Fks vkSj blfy, muds ;gk¡ bZ'oj ds fy, LFkku ugha fn;k
x;kA xk¡èkhth ,d rjiQ rks lalkj dks cukus&fcxkM+us okyk bZ'oj dks dgrs gSa
vkSj nwljh rjiQ euq"; dks Hkh vius Hkfo"; ds fy, m|ksx djus dh f'k{kk nsrs
gSaA fu'p; gh LokfFkZ;ksa] <ksafx;ksa vkSj lkspus dh rkdr [kks fn;s gq, fnekxksa dks
xk¡èkh th dh bZ'oj&HkfDr ls cgqr lgk;rk feyrh gSA ysfdu jk"Vª dh tks
xk¡èkhokn @ 19
dfBukb;k¡ vkSj nq%[k gS]a os lPps gS]a dkYifud ughaA bZ'oj&HkfDr mls Hkqyk nsus
esa lgk;d gks ldrh gS] ysfdu gjsd isphnk iz'u ij xEHkhjrkiwoZd fopkj
djus esa ckèkd Hkh cgqr gksrh gSA gekjs jk"Vªh; usrkvksa dks tsy esa o"kZ&o"kZ rd
dk fuf'pUr le; feyk FkkA ;fn os pkgrs rks bl le; dks cgqr vklkuh ls
Hkkjr dh vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd leL;kvksa dks gy djus ds fopkj esa rFkk
rRlEcUèkh fo'kky lkfgR; ds vè;;u essa yxk ldrs Fks] ysfdu lkeus rks xk¡èkh
th dk lr;qx vkSj jke&jkT; FkkA mudks vktdy ds 'kSrkuh lkfgR; µ
vFkZ'kkL=k vkSj lkbal µ ls D;k iz;kstu\ dksbZ xhrk dh ,d vko`fÙk jkst dj
ysrk Fkk\ fcgkj ds dqN lEHkzkUr usrk rks bl cM+h [kkst esa yxs gq, Fks fd
vV~Bkjgksa vè;k; xhrk esa ^d* fdruh ckj vk;k gS vkSj ^"k* fdruh ckjA mudks
fy[kus&i<+us ls D;k eryc\ ftUgksaus 1921 bZ- esa dkyst NksM+k] muds fy,
foKku vkSj fo|k mUgha ds fo|kFkhZ thou esa viuh pje lhek rd igq¡p x;h
FkhA
fiNys lksyg&l=kg o"kks± esa euq"; dk fnekx flok; csodwiQh ds] D;k
dksbZ xEHkhj fopkj ;k lkfgR; fudky ik;k gS\ eqf'dy rks ;g gS fd mUgksaus
dkyst esa tks i<+k Fkk] mls Hkh ogha dkyst ds njokts ij >kM+dj pys vk;s FksA
D;k os tkurs ugha Fks fd mUgsa ,d le; xouZes.V dh ckxMksj vius gkFk esa
l¡Hkkyuh iM+sxhA ml oDr xhrk vkSj jkek;.k ls dke ugha pysxk\ ml le;
foKku dh gjsd 'kk[kk dk] ftldk jktuhfr ls ?kfu"B lEcUèk gS] Kku
vko';d gksxkA vkSj ,slk u djus ij dkaxzslh efU=k;ksa dks Hkh vius foHkkx ds
inkfèkdkfj;ksa ds gkFk esa jguk iM+xs k] D;ksfa d tgk¡ os inkfèkdkjh vius fo"k; ds
fo'ks"kK gksxa ]s gjsd ckr dks vk¡dM+k]as ;kstukvksa vkSj fl¼kUrksa ds lkFk&lkFk iksFkh
dh iksFkh is'k dj ldsxa ]s ogk¡ gekjs eU=kh yksx iQkby ij fliQZ nLr[kr dj nsus
dh 'kfDr j[ksaxs vkSj T;knk gqvk rks dqN myVs&lhèks lHkk esa vius ØkfUrdkjh
vkSj vkn'kZokn rFkk R;kx ij O;k[;ku >kM+ nsxa As fu'p; gh ;g vklku dke gS]
D;ksfa d u blesa cgqr fnekx [kpZ djus dh t:jr gS] u i<+u&s fy[kus dhA gekjs
usrkvksa esa bl 'kkspuh; fLFkfr ds ykus dh lkjh ftEesokjh xk¡èkhokn ij gS vkSj
tc rd ;g vUèkh HkfDr nwj ugha gksrh] rc rd gesa vfèkd vk'kk j[kus dk
[k;ky NksM+ nsuk pkfg,A
xk¡èkh th dgrs gSa fd u'kk dks fgUnqLrku ls fcYdqy fonk dj nsuk pkfg,A
rkM+h gks ;k ns'kh 'kjkc vkSj 'kk;n xk¡tk vkSj Hkk¡x Hkh] lHkh dks os ns'k&fudkyk
nsuk pkgrs gSaA flxjsV vkSj rEckdw dks Hkh cgqr fnuksa rd ;gk¡ u j[kuk pkgsaxsA
;wjksfi;u yksxksa ds fy, dqN ifjek.k esa fons'kh 'kjkc ykus dh fj;k;r Hkh djus
ds fy, rS;kj gSaA fcgkj ds ik¡p djksM+ ds ctV esa 1 djksM+ 17 yk[k 'kjkc ls
vkrk gS] mls os ,dne dSls cUn dj nsus dh lEefr ns jgs gSaA pkgs vkids
Ldwy&dkyst cUn gksa] pkgs yM+ds vkèkqfud Kku ls oafpr gksa] ysfdu os ugha
pkgrs fd 'kjkc cspdj feys bl iki ds èku ls fo|k i<+dj fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds
fnekx dks dyqf"kr fd;k tk;sA vHkh dy rd xk¡èkh th fey&ekfydksa]
tehankjksa vkSj cM+s&cM+s lsB&lkgwdkjksa dks f'k{kk ns jgs Fks fd ge ;g ugha pkgrs
fd lEifr rqEgkjs gkFk ls Nhu yh tk;s] ge ;gh pkgrs gSa fd rqe vius dks
xjhcksa dk vfHkHkkod vkSj xkftZ;u le>ksA rks vfHkHkkod vkSj xkftZ;u yksx
vc xk¡èkh th ds bl opu ds Hkjksls dg ldrs gSa fd ge vc vfHkHkkod
jguk pkgrs gSaA gekjs Åij vc dksbZ u;k&u;k VSDl u yxk;k tk;s] u tehankjh
izFkk mBk;h tk;s] u tehankjksa ds fdlh gd dks Nqvk tk;sA
bl izdkj vkcdkjh dh vkenuh bl rjg ls cUn gks tk;sxh vkSj bèkj
vfHkHkkod] tehankjksa vkSj fey&ekfydksa dks xk¡èkh th dk ojnku fey gh x;k
gSA vc pyks] pqipki cSBs&cSBs iszeHkou esa ekyk tirs jgksA rkM+h dks Hkh xk¡èkh
th 'kjkc ds lkFk gh j[kuk pkgrs gSa µ rkM+h ;k rks rqjUr o`{k ls uhps mrjrs gh
ih yh tk;s ;k mldk xqM+ cuk fy;k tk;s] mldks ,d&nks fnu Hkh j[kus dh
btktr u nh tk;sxhA u'kk rks jksduk pkfg, vkSj viQhe&tSls u'kksa dks jksdus ds
fy, vxj tcjnLrh Hkh dh tk;s rks dksbZ gtZ ughaA
'kjkc tks LokLF; dks rqjUr uqdlku igq¡pkrh gS] mldks Hkh jksduk Bhd gSA
ysfdu lHkh O;fDr;ksa ds fy, ftl pht esa tjk Hkh u'kk vkSj vydksgy dk
lEidZ vk tk;s] mu lHkh dks jkth&[kq'kh ;k tcjnLrh pkSchl ?k.Vs ds Hkhrj
cUn djuk vkSj mls Hkh ,slh voLFkk esa tc fd izkUr dh ,d Hkkjh vkenuh ds
gkFk ls fudy tkus dk loky gS] dgk¡ rd jktuhfr le>k tk;sxk\ vkSj rkM+h
dks] vxj mlesa gYdk&lk u'kk vk Hkh tk;s rks Hkh] tc rd og [kk| ds :i
esa rkdr igq¡pk ldrh gS] rc rd mls jksdus ds fy, bruh rRijrk fn[kykus
dh D;k vko';drk\ rkM+h dks rks cfYd 'kjkc NqM+kus ds fy, lkèkuk pkfg,]
,d [kkl gn rd gYdk u'kk vkus dks ns[k ysuk pkfg, vkSj mrus fnuksa rd
mlds j[kus dh vkKk nsuh pkfg, ftrus esa ,d u'kk dh ek=kk fu;fer ifjek.k
ls vfèkd u c<+us ik;sA
rkM+ h es a cgq r iq f "Vdkjd 'kfDr gS ] ns g kr es a fdrus yks x fliQZ
LokLF;&lqèkkj vkSj 'kjhj dks etcwr djus ds fy, lky esa ,d&nks eghuk rkM+h
ihrs gSa vkSj muds LokLF; esa izR;{k gh lqèkkj ns[kus esa vkrk gSA rkM+h dks Hkh
'kjkc vkSj viQhe dh Js.kh esa fxu ysuk vkSj fiQj mlds iw.kZ cfg"dkj ds fy,
xk¡èkhokn @ 21
tksj nsuk ,sls xjhc yksxksa ds fy, vU;k; gS ftudks mlds tfj;s 'kkjhfjd iqf"V
feyrh gSA vkcdkjh dks gVkus ds fy, rhu ckrksa dh vksj t:j [k;ky j[kuk
gksxk µ ,d] rkM+h ds ykHk dks] tks u'kk dh ,d [kkl lhek ds Hkhrj j[kus ls
gksrk gS] nwljs] LokHkkfod u'kscktksa dks dqN rkM+h&tSlh pht ds tfj;s viuh
iqjkuh u'ksckth ls gVkus ds fy, bLrseky djuk] rhljs] gesa ;g Hkh ns[kuk gksxk
fd bldh bruh cM+h vkenuh ftlds u gksus ij gesa vius lkjs Ldwy vkSj
dkyst cUn djus gksaxs µ ,d&c&,d ugha NksM+k tk ldrkA igys mlds fy,
dksbZ ,d jkLrk fudkfy;s] rc ,slk dj ldrs gSaA
vxj oS;fDrd lEifÙk mBk nh x;h gksrh vkSj yksxksa ds ifjJe dks c<+kdj
vfèkd thou&lkexzh iSnk dh tkrh rks vkcdkjh dh vkenuh vkfn dk loky
gh ugha mBrkA ysfdu xk¡èkh th rks oS;fDrd lEifÙk dks Hkh 'kk;n Hkxoku dh
vkKk ls feyh ekurs gksaxs] blfy, ml ifo=k lEifÙk ij os dSls gkFk Mky nsaxs
µ mudk rks lhèkk mÙkj gS] vxj vkenuh de gks tkrh gS rks f'k{k.k&laLFkk,¡
cUn dj nksA
xk¡èkh th ;g Hkh dgrs gSa fd ikB'kkykvksa dks LokoyEch cuk fn;k tk;sA
dkSu&lh ikB'kkykvksa dks\ izkbejh dh Ng Jsf.k;ksa dks ftuesa Ng ls ckjg o"kZ
ds yM+ds i<+rs gSaA gk¡] ;fn xk¡èkh th ;g fu;e cuok nsa fd yksx chl o"kZ dh
mej ds ckn ikB'kkykvksa esa tk;k djsa rks ml le; Hkys gh muds vkèks ifjJe
ls ikB'kkyk,¡ LokoyEch cu tk;sAa NksVs cPps rks ges'kk ekrk&firk rFkk jk"Vª ds
Åij vius f'k{k.k dk Hkkj MkysaxsA
mudk ikB'kkykvksa ds LokoyEch cukus dk [k;ky rks oSls gh gS tSls cPps
dks iSnk gksrs gh LokoyEch gksus dk mins'k fn;k tk;sA pkgs VSDl ls #i;k olwy
djds f'k{kk&foHkkx esa [kpZ djsa ;k xk¡o ds vè;kid dks yksxksa ls vkVk] pkoy
vkSj iSlk dk pUnk djok;k tk;s] LokoyEch dk ;gk¡ [k;ky gh dSls mBrk gS\
vly ckr rks ;g gS fd xk¡èkhokn vktdy ds lkbal vkSj fo|k dh mUufr dks
'kSrku dh [kqjkiQkr le>rk gS vkSj mlds izpkj esa fny ls lgkuqHkwfr ugha j[krkA
mlds vuqlkj rqylhÑr jkek;.k dks lqu&i<+ ysuk ,d vkneh dh f'k{kk ds
fy, dkiQh gSA feV~Vh vkSj ikuh lHkh chekfj;ksa ds fy, jkeck.k gS ghA
vLirky rksM+ nsuk pkfg,] MkDVjksa dks cj[kkLr dj nsuk pkfg, vkSj esfMdy
dkystksa ij ^VqysV* yxk nsuk pkfg,A okLro esa bZ'oj&fo'okfl;ksa ds fy,
bldh gS Hkh D;k t:jr\ ^tkdks jk[ks lkb;k¡ ekj u lfdgSa dks;* iDdk
fl¼kUr rks ekStwn gh gSA ftldks Hkxoku ekjuk pkgrs gSa] mls MkDVj cpk gh
ugha ldrs vkSj nq%[k&lq[k Hkh rks Hkxoku dk fn;k gqvk gS] mldks Hkh dkSu gVk
ldrk gS\
dSfn;ksa ds fy, tsy[kkuk vkSj 'kkfUr&j{kk ds fy, iqfyl dh Hkh
vko';drk ughaA 'kk;n os le>rs gksaxs fd dSn[kkuk] tsy vkSj iqfyl dks
ns[kdj gh euq"; dk nsork&tSlk LoHkko lgt gh foÑr gks tkrk gSA vkt
vxj tsy vkSj iqfyl dks gVk fn;k tk;s rks vkidks u njokts esa rkyk yxkus
dh t:jr iM+sxh] u ?kj ds Hkhrj yksgs dh frtksjh j[kuh iM+sxhA vkt gtkj&nks
gtkj ds uksV cs'kd cjkens dh est ij j[kdj choh&cPpksa lfgr nks ?k.Vs 'kgj
dh lSj dj vk;saA nsork&Lo:i euq"; ml le; Hkyk dHkh mu dkxt ds
VqdM+ksa dh vksj yksHkh utj ls ns[k ldrk gS\ yksHk rks tsy dh otg ls gS µ
mlh rjg ftl rjg iqfyl dh yky ixM+h dks ns[krs gh yksxksa ds gkFk
,d&nwljs dk flj iQksM+us ds fy, [kqtykus yxrs gSaA xk¡èkh th if'pe ds
vjktdrkokfn;ksa dh rjg 'kk;n le>rs gSa fd euq";&lekt dks u dkuwu dh
t:jr gS] u xouZes.V dhA
xk¡èkhokn us bfUnz;&fuxzg vkSj czãp;Z ij Hkh cgqr tksj fn;k gSA xk¡èkhth ds
vkJeksa esa rkss blds fy, l[r ls l[r fu;e cuk;s x;s gSa vkSj 'kk;n bUgha
vkJeksa esa bu fu;eksa dh lcls T;knk vogsyuk Hkh gqbZ gSA ,d ckj vliQy
gksus ij fiQj iz;Ru fd;k x;k vkSj bl rjg ntZuksa ckj dh vliQyrk ij Hkh
fl¼kUr esa la'kksèku dh vko';drk u le>h x;hA ,d cspkjk NksVk vkneh]
ftlus gj rjg ls vius dks bZekunkj lkfcr fd;k gS] og tjk&lk dBksj
czãp;Z ds fu;e ls vxj bèkj&mèkj fMx tkrk gS] rks mldh izrkM+uk ds fy,
lkjs Hkkjr ds i=kksa dks [kcj ns nh tkrh gS vkSj ikl esa cSBus okyh cM+h eNyh
vxj fdruh gh ckj mu fu;eksa dh vogsyuk djrh gS] rc mlds fy, mruh
dM+kbZ djus dh vko';drk ugha le>h tkrhA ns'k dh tula[;k c<+rh tk jgh
gSA mldks jksdus ds fy, xk¡èkhokn ds ikl lcls ljy uqL[kk gS czãp;ZA
fookfgr gksus ij Hkh ifr&iRuh ,d&nwljs ls vyx jgsaA lUrfr&fujksèk rks
bldh n`f"V esa v{kE; vijkèk gSA ;g rks [kqyv s ke O;fHkpkj dk izpkj djuk gSA
czãp;Z gh euq"; ds fy, LokHkkfod pht gS vkSj L=kh&iq#"k dk lkaHkksfxd
lEcUèk rks fcYdqy Ñf=ke pht gSA c<+rh gqbZ tula[;k] tks Hkkjr esa cM+k
fodjky Lo:i èkkj.k dj jgh gS] mlds fy, xk¡èkhokn us ;g mik; lksp j[kk
gSA ;g ,slk mik; gS ftls ikyu djus okys 'kk;n xk¡èkhth ds vuq;kf;;ksa esa Hkh
,d ntZu u fey ldsaxs] rks Hkh mlds cy ij gj nl o"kZ ds Hkhrj rhu djksM+
dh o`f¼ dks jksdus dk chek fy;k tk jgk gSA ckr ;g gS fd xk¡èkhokn dk
lcls vVy fo'okl bZ'oj&HkfDr ij gSA og le>rk gS fd tks leL;k,¡ euq";
xk¡èkhokn @ 23
ds fy, gy djus esa rks vlEHko ekywe gksrh gS]a os bZ'oj ds lkeus rqPN gSAa og
rks iyd&nfj;k;h gSA iyd fxjus eas cM+h ls cM+h leL;k,¡ gy dj ldrk gSA
gk¡] blesa D;k 'kd gS! ysfdu blds fy, gesa ,d cM+s iSekus esa HkwdEi] Iysx ;k
bUÝyq,atk dh izrh{kk djuh pkfg,A
fdlh leL;k ij lkiQ&lkiQ u lkspuk] dfBukb;ksa dks vn`'; vkSj
vizekf.kr lkèkuksa ds Åij NksM+s j[kuk] cl ;gh xk¡èkhokn dk vlyh :i gSA
···
3
fgUnw&eqfLye leL;k
fgUnw&eqfLye leL;k fgUnqLrku esa ,d u gy gksus yk;d iz'u le>h

tkrh gSA vxj mlds dkj.kksa ij n`f"Vikr djsa] rks ik;saxs fd bl foHksn dh
cqfu;kn fdlh etcwr iRFkj ij ugha gSA dksbZ vkfFkZd iz'u ,slk ugha tks bl
leL;k dh tM+ esa gks vkSj vkfFkZd iz'u gh fdlh ckr dks etcwr cukrk gSA
;g lkjk >xM+k eè;oxZ vkSj mPpoxZ dk cuk;k gqvk gS_ cfYd mPpoxZ ;k
jktk&uokc yksxksa dkA fgUnw&eqfLye iz'u ds lkFk ?kfu"Brk iSnk djuk rks fliQZ
lkèkkj.k turk dks vius tky esa iQ¡lkus ds fy, gSA vki tehankjksa dh lHkk dh
vksj ns[k yhft;sA muesa lHkh egkjkt] uokc] jk;cgknqj] [kk¡cgknqj lxs HkkbZ&ls
ekywe gksaxsA vly esa muesa rks vkil esa dksbZ ml rjg dk u Hksn gS vkSj u
fgUnw&eqfLye >xM+ksa ls mudk dksbZ uqdlku gksrk gSA ejrs vkSj tsy tkrs gSa rks
lkèkkj.k xjhc yksxA
tehankj vkSj cM+s&cM+s èkuh yksx cgqr djrs gSa rks xjhc fgUnw&eqlyekuksa
dks ,d&nwljs ds f[kykiQ HkM+dkrs jgrs gSa vkSj tc nksuksas iQ¡l tkrs gSa] rks vki
ukS&nks X;kjgA bl leL;k dh tM+ gS fdlku&etnwjksa dks vius vkfFkZd LokFkZ
dk Kku u gksukA cfg'r vkSj LoxZ ds yksHk esa] tks bUgha èkfu;ksa ds fiV~Bqvksa us
mUgas fn;k gS] vius ml thou dks nq%[ke; vkSj ujd dk thou cuk jgs gSaA
;fn mUgsa ;g vPNh rjg Kkr gks tk;s fd lHkh xjhcksa dk loky ,d gS µ pkgs
os fgUnw gksa ;k eqlyeku_ vxj btkiQk gksrk gS] rks lHkh xjhcksa ij_ ;fn csxkj
vkSj uktk;t dj olwy fd;s tkrs gS]a rks os Hkh xjhcksa ls ghA ;fn vkt tehankjh
izFkk mBrh gS] rks fgUnw&eqlyeku nksuksa gh xjhckas dks iQk;nk gksxkA vxj f'k{kk
vfuok;Z dh tkrh gS] rks mlls Hkh nksuksa gh ds cPps ykHk mBk;saxsA ;fn ns'k esa
u;k lekt vkSj u;k vkfFkZd laxBu fd;k tkrk gS] rks mlls lcls cM+k iQk;nk
xjhcksa dks gh gksxkA vxj bu ckrksa ij os vPNh rjg xkSj djuk lh[k ys]a rks mUgsa
ekyw e gks x k fd ,d gtkj ea s ls ukS lkS fuUukucs vknfe;ks a dks bu
fgUnw&eqfLye leL;k @ 25
fgUnw&eqlyeku >xM+ksa ls uqdlku gh gksxkA >xM+ksa ds dkj.k gSa] fons'kh izHkqvksa
dk LokFkZ] èkfudksa dk LokFkZ vkSj pUn i<s+&fy[ks yksxksa dh ukSdjh vkSj esEcjh
dh Hkw[k] ftlls lkèkkj.k turk dks uqdlku ds flok; iQk;nk dqN Hkh ughaA
t:jr ;g gS fd ge lkS esa fuUukucs vknfe;ksa ds lkeus jkst&c&jkst ds
vkfFkZd iz'u dks j[ksaA lkE;oknh vkSj fdlku dk;ZdÙkkZ ;g fn[kk nsa fd
fgUnw&eqfLye dk fcYdqy HksnHkko ugha gS] tSlk fd tehankj fn[kykrs gaS_
cfYd tehankjksa dks rks viuk <ksax Hkh turk ds lkeus j[kuk gS_ blfy, fdruh
gh ckrksa esa ckgj ls de ls de FkksM+k iQdZ fn[kykuk pkgrs gSaA ysfdu
lkE;okfn;ksa dks rks de ls de fgUnw&eqfLye gksus dk [k;ky gh feVk nsuk
gksxkA lHkh lkE;oknh dk;ZdÙkkZvksa dks viuk mnkgj.k yksxksa ds lkeus j[kuk
pkfg,A ,d lkFk [kkuk&ihuk rks [kqYye&[kqYyk gksuk pkfg,A ,d&nwljs dh
Hkkoukvksa ij] yM+diu ls vk;s gq, lkekftd laLdkjksa ij] [kwc [kqys rkSj ls
fcuk ladV ds cgl djuh pkfg,A èkkfeZd gks ;k lkekftd] lkaLÑfrd gks ;k
jktuhfrd] gj igyqvksa ij mUgsa fuMj gksdj ckr djuk pkfg,A bldk mUgsa
[k;ky gh NksM+ nsuk pkfg, fd muds Hkko ij 'kk;n Bsl yxsA vktknh dk iz'u
NksM+dj lkE;okfn;ksa ds lkeus u dksbZ cM+k iz'u vkSj u dksbZ cM+k dksey HkkoA
ge tkurs gSa fd lkE;oknh Hkh vkf[kj fgUnw&eqlyeku ek¡&cki ls gh iSnk
gq, gSa vkSj cPps ij yM+diu esa de ls de vius ek¡&cki dk vlj gksuk
t:jh gSA os vlj rHkh nwj gks ldrs gSa] tc fd lkekftd cUèkuksa dks rksM+us esa
ge lkgl ls dke ysa vkSj ,d&nwljs ds dksey Hkkoksa ij [kqyk izgkj djus dks
rS;kj gksaA lkE;okfn;ksa dks bls rks igyk lkekftd fu;e cuk nsuk pkfg, fd
blesa vkus okyk vkneh fgUnw gks ;k eqlyeku] Nwr gks ;k vNwr] mls ,d lkFk
[kkuk&ihuk pkfg,A mldks ;g u [k;ky djuk pkfg, fd lkèkkj.k yksx D;k
dgsaxsA fdlh Hkh lkekftd ØkfUr esa 'kkfey gksus okyksa dks dqN dM+ok&ehBk
lgus ds fy, rS;kj gksuk gh pkfg,A yksx tsy tkus vkSj iQk¡lh p<+ tkus dks cM+h
fgEer dh ckr dgrs gSaA lekt dh :f<+;ksa dks rksM+uk vkSj mlds }kjk mudh
vk¡[kksa esa dk¡Vs dh rjg pqHkuk tsy vkSj iQk¡lh ls Hkh T;knk lkgl dk dke gSA
lkE;oknh ,d u;k lalkj] ,d u;k lekt cukuk pkgrs gSa] blfy, mUgsa
gj rjg dh dqckZfu;ksa ds fy, rS;kj jguk pkfg,A vxj vki 'kknh&C;kg viuh
tkfr esa j[kuk pkgrs gSa] vxj vki eq.Mu vkSj tusÅ viuh tkfr ds fjokt ds
eqrkfcd djuk pkgrs gSa] vxj vki [kku&iku esa Lo;aikdh jguk pkgrs gSa rks
vki&tSls lkE;oknh ls lkE;okn dks uqdlku gh igq¡psxkA
tgk¡ lkE;okfn;ksa dh ikVhZ dk gsM DokVZj gks ;k dqN lkE;oknh ,d txg
jgrs gksa] ogk¡ fgUnw&eqfLye ckophZ[kkuk vyx ugha jguk pkfg,A lcdk [kkuk
,d txg cus vkSj tks pkgs lks cukosA vkSj lcdks ,d lkFk cSBdj [kkuk
pkfg,A 'kk;n gekjs lkE;oknh dk;ZdÙkkZvksa dks ;g [k;ky gks fd blls dgha
turk HkM+d mBsxh] ftlesa os dke djuk pkgrs gSa] ysfdu rc vkids bl
dgus dk eryc gksxk fd ftu :f<+;ksa dks rksM+ iQsd sa uk lkE;okn ds fy, lcls
vko';d pht gS] mUgha dks vki lkE;okn dh liQyrk esa lgk;d ekurs gSaA
turk vius vlyh fgr dks le>us dh 'kfDr j[krh gSA ;fn mldks Bhd ls
le>k;k tk;s rks eSa ;gk¡ viuk gh ,d mnkgj.k nsrk gwA¡ cgqr fnuksa ckn eq>s ,d
ifjfpr xk¡o esa tkuk iM+kA yksxksa dk vkxzg gqvk fd eSa :l ds ckjs esa dqN dgwA¡
eSaus lkèkkj.k :lh turk dh vkfFkZd mUufr dh ckr cryk;h µ dSls ogk¡ ds
xk¡o ds NksVs&NksVs [ksr&esM+ rksM+dj ehyksa yEcs cuk fn;s x;s gSa] dSls NksVs&NksVs
VVqvksa dh txg ,d gkFk xgjk [kksnus okys lkr&lkr iQkjksa ds eksVj okys gy
,d ds ihNs ipkl] [ksrksa esa pyrs fn[kyk;h iM+rs gSa] dSls xk¡o ds L=kh&iq#"k]
Jfed vius lfEefyr [ksrksa ij eksVj&gyksa ij cSBs >.Ms vkSj t;ukn ds lkFk
[ksrksa ij igq¡prs gSa] dSls gokbZ tgkt mM+dj ehyksa yEcs [ksrksa esa cht cksrs gSa_
dSls e'khusa gh [ksrksa dks dkVrh gS]a dSls iQly dks nckrh gS]a fdl rjg [ksrksa ij
Hkh Hkkstu ds oDr lSdM+ksa fdlku dke NksM+ dj ,d txg tek gksrs gSa] Hkkstu
ijkslk tkrk gS vkSj lkFk&lkFk yksx jsfM;ks dk xkuk Hkh lqurs gSa] dSls xk¡o
,d&nwljs ls tqrkbZ] [ksr cksus vkSj vukt dks vfèkd ifjek.k esa iSnk djus esa
gksM+ yxkrs gSa] dSls fdlh xk¡o dk dke fiNM+ tkus ij nwljs xk¡o okys xksy
ck¡èkdj enn nsrs vkSj mUgsa yfTtr djrs gSa] dSls xk¡o dh NksVh&NksVh >ksiM+h
gVkdj pkSM+h lM+dksa ds fdukjs b±V&pwus ds edku fdlku cuk jgs gSa ftlesa
ikuh ds uy] fctyh dh jks'kuh] ukxfjdksa dh phtsa igq¡p jgh gSa] dSls gj ,d
xk¡o esa Ldwy] vLirky vkSj flusek tkjh jgrk gS] dSls gj ,d xk¡o ds Jfed
L=kh&iq#"k vius iqLrdky;] Dycksa vkSj ukV~;'kkyk esa fu;eiwoZd igq¡prs gSa]
dSls yksxksa dks fnu esa Ng&lkr ?k.Vk dke djuk iM+rk gS vkSj brus gh esa
lqlaLÑr thou fcrkus dh gj ,d lkexzh dks os vklkuh ls ik ldrs gSa] dSls
ogk¡ yM+ds&yM+fd;ksa dks i<+kus rFkk ijofj'k djus dk lcls vfèkd Hkkj
lkE;oknh ljdkj vius gkFk esa ysrh gS] ekuks firk dks u 'kknh dh fiQØ gS] u
yM+ds ds fy, dqN fojklr ns tkus dh] dSls ;fn dksbZ chekj ;k cw<+k gks rks
ml O;fDr ds Hkj.k&iks"k.k dk lEekuiwod Z bUrtke ljdkj 'kq: djrh gS] dSls
ogk¡ ds yksxksa dh fpUrk vc gtkj fgLls esa ,d fgLlk jg x;h gSA
ml lHkk esa fgUnw] eqlyeku] czkã.k vkSj pekj lHkh FksA eSua s ns[kk fd lHkh
ds psgjs ij izlUurk dh js[kk fn[kyk;h iM+rh gSA rc eSaus dgk] ysfdu :l esa
cgqr&lh [kjkc ckrsa Hkh gqbZ gS]a ogk¡ ?kqjgw frokjh dh yM+dh dks e¡x: pekj dk
yM+dk ljsvke C;kg dj ysrk gS vkSj mleas dksbZ ckèkd ugha gks ldrkA ogk¡
[kkus&ihus esa tkr&ik¡r dk loky ugha gSA e¡x: pekj vxj jlksbZ vPNh cukuk
tkurk gS] rks ogh cuk;sxk vkSj xk¡o ds czkã.k] jktiwr] lcdks ,d lkFk cSBdj
[kkuk iM+xs kA vxj cM+h tkfr okyksa us tjk&lh vkukdkuh dh] rks cgqr lEHko gS
fd mUgsa ns'k ls fudky fn;k tk;s] èkeZ vkSj bZ'oj ds yksx fojksèkh cuk fn;s x;s
gSa] gtkjksa efUnjksa vkSj efLtnksa dh o"kks± ls ejEer ugha gqbZ] mudh Nr dh
ydfM+;ksa dks ogh yksx ys tkdj rki fy;k djrs gSa vkSj vc mudh nhokjsa vkSj
Nrsa th.kZ&'kh.kZ voLFkk esa fxjus ds fy, rS;kj gSa] iqjksfgrksa vkSj eqYykvksa dk
is'kk mBk fn;k x;k gS] vius gkFk ls dke djks rks Bhd] ugha rks egkjkuh
iQwydqekjh dh vc os ipklksa ykSf.M;k¡ ugha jg x;ha] mUgsa vius gkFk ugkuk vkSj
èkksuk ugha iM+rk] cfYd ikih isV ds fy, [ksr dkVuk] feV~Vh <ksuk vkSj lc
rjg dk dke djuk iM+rk gSA ftuds gkFk dHkh eD[ku dh rjg eqyk;e Fks]
vc muds gkFkksa essa iRFkj ds&ls dM+s ik¡p&ik¡p ?kV~Bs ns[k ldrs gSaA
lkèkq&egkRek dk uke ogk¡ ugha] lcls cM+h ckr rks ;g gS fd tkr&ik¡r dk
dksbZ [k;ky ugha j[kk tkrkA nsf[k;s ikih isV ds fy,] bl pkj fnu dh ftUnxh
ds fy, bl rjg dk vèkeZ D;k vki yksx ilUn djsaxs\ eSaus le>k Fkk fd esjs
Hkk"k.k ds fiNys etewu dks lqudj yksx HkM+d mBsaxsA
ysfdu ogk¡ mu yksxksa dks dgrs lquk fd vjs] blesa D;k j[kk gS] vkneh
dh rjg lq[kiwoZd thosaxs vkSj fpUrk ds cks> ls fny rks gYdk gksxkA dqN rks
dgus yxs µ ckck! ;g gekjs ;gk¡ dc gksxk\ gekjh ftUnxh eas gks tk;sxk fd
ugha\
lkE;okfn;ksa dks turk ds lkeus fuèkM+d gksdj vius fopkj dks j[kuk
pkfg, vkSj mlh ds vuqlkj djuk Hkh pkfg,A gks ldrk gS] dqN le; rd yksx
vkids Hkko u le> ldsa vkSj xyriQgeh gks] ysfdu vUr esa vkidk vlyh
mís'; fgUnw&eqlyeku lHkh xjhcksa dks vkids lkFk lEc¼ dj nsxkA :f<+;ksa dks
yksx blfy, ekurs gSa] D;ksafd muds lkeus :f<+;ksa dks rksM+us okyksa dk mnkgj.k
i;kZIr ek=kk esa ugha gSA yksxksa esa bl [k;ky dk tksj ls izpkj djuk pkfg, fd
etgc vkSj [kqnk xjhcksa ds lcls cM+s nq'eu gSAa os ejus ds ckn LoxZ dk ykyp
nsdj bl thou dks ujd cukrs gSaA ½rq&lEcUèkh rFkk vU; jk"Vªh; egÙo ds
mRloksa esa lkE;okfn;ksa dks Hkh 'kkfey gksuk pkfg,] yksxksa dks Hkh mldh vksj
vkdf"kZr djuk pkfg,] ysfdu ftu R;ksgkjksa dk lEcUèk etgc ls gS] muls
vius dks vyx j[kuk pkfg,A
gesa tUek"Veh vkSj ekSywn 'kjhiQ] uojkf=k vkSj bZn ls dksbZ lEidZ ugha
j[kuk pkfg,] rkft;k vkSj jkeyhyk nksuksa gekjs fy, ,d leku R;kT; gSA
fgUnqvksa dh xksj{kk lcls cM+h csodwiQh vkSj gkfudkjd pht gSA [kqn rks buds
iqj[ks vHkh lksyg lkS o"kZ igys rd xk; dk ekal ?kj&?kj esa [kkrs vkSj f[kykrs
jgs gSa] ogha èkwrZ iqjksfgr] ftuds iwoZtksa ds ;gk¡ fcuk ,d Ng eghus dh cfN;k
ekjs esgeku dh [kkfrjnkjh ugha gks ldrh Fkh] ogh vc xk; ds ihNs tsgkn
cksy jgs gSAa bl ckjs esa gekjh jk; [kqyh vkSj Li"V gksuh pkfg,A gekjs fy, xk;
oSlh pht gS] tSlh fd vkSj Hkh dksbZ tkuojA fgUnw fdlku etnwjksa dks le>uk
pkfg, fd rqEgkjs iwoZtksa dh djuh xksj{kk ds fo"k; esa dSlh Fkh\ dqckZuh djuk
Hkh csodwiQh gS vkSj fiQj ml [kqnk ds fy, tks xjhcksa dk lcls cM+k nq'eu gSA
fgUnw tc [kqn vius [k;kyh nsorkvksa ds fy, cdjh&lqvj p<+k;s] rc rks dksbZ
ckr ugha] ysfdu tc eqlyeku mlh csodwiQh dks djs rks mlds fy, yV~B
ysus dks rS;kj gks tk;sa rks ;g fdruh okfg;kr ckr gSA
xksd'kh vkSj jkeyhyk] rkft;k vkSj cktk µ ;s lkjs >xM+s èkfu;kssa ds cM+s
dke ds gSaA og mUgha dks ysdj xjhcksa esa >xM+s iSnk djrs gSaA mudks ,d&nwljs
dk tkuh nq'eu cukrs gSa vkSj fiQj viuk mYyw lhèkk djrs gSAa etgc vkSj [kqnk
ds f[kykiQ gesa tcjnLr izpkj djuk pkfg,A
fdlkuksa vkSj etnwjksa dks viuh ftUnxh dh fuR;&fuR; dh dM+okgV dk
bruk vuqHko gksrk gS fd le>kus ij os etgc dh èkks[kkèkM+h dks le> ldrs
gaAS ,d erZcs ;fn ;g Hkko geus yksxksa esa iSnk dj fn;k] rks fdlku vkSj Jfed
turk dh lkjh lfEefyr 'kfDr ØkfUr ds fy, rS;kj gks tk;sxhA
mnwZ&fgUnh] èkksrh&ik;tkek] yky&liQsn Vksih Hkh mlh etgc us iSnk
fd;k gSA lkE;okfn;ksa ds fy, dksbZ ckr blfy, ekuuh; ugha gS fd og gtkjksa
o"kZ ls pyh vkrh gSA ge tkurs gSa fd ftruh 'krkfCn;k¡ ge ihNs dh vksj
tk;saxs] mruk gh yksxksa esa csodwiQh dk ifjek.k Hkh vfèkd ik;saxsA gj ,d pht
ij gesa cqf¼iwoZd fopkj djuk gSA u fdlh iksFkh dh ckr ekuuh gS_ u fdlh
cM+s vkneh dhA rc gesa vius vki gh viuk jkLrk lkiQ fn[kyk;h iM+us
yxsxkA
gesa ml le; ds fy, mrkoyk gksuk pkfg,] tc fd gekjs ns'k ls
tkfrHkko liuk gks tk;sxk] NqvkNwr feV tk;sxh vkSj èkeZ ,oa osn vrhr dh
ckr gks tk;saxsA jksVh&csVh] os'k&Hkw"kk] Hkk"kk&Hkko lc ,d gks tk;saxsA
···
4
f'k{kk esa vkewy ifjorZu
f'k{kk dh dksbZ Hkh iz.kkyh bl izdkj dh gksuh pkfg, fd og fdlh jk"Vª

dh ekufld vkfFkZd vko';drkvksa dh iwfÙkZ dj ldsA Hkkjro"kZ esa ge yksx
viuh f'k{kk&iz.kkyh ds nks"kksa ls iw.kZr;k ifjfpr gSaA ;g f'k{kk&iz.kkyh gekjh
vko';drkvksa dh iwfÙkZ ugha djrh] oju ;g ,d cM+k Hkkjh uqdlku dj jgh gSA
gekjs f'kf{krksa dks ;g O;fDrxr vkSj lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Ro ds Hkkj dks ogu
djus esa loZFkk vleFkZ dj nsrh gSA esjs dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g ugha fd gekjs
Ldwyksa vkSj fo'ofo|ky;ksa dh f'k{kk ,dne O;FkZ gSA foKku] bfrgkl vkSj
lkfgR; tks fd gekjs f'k{kky;ksa esa i<+k;s tkrs gS]a os lc fdlh Hkh lH; jk"Vª ds
fy, vko';d gSaA
ysfdu gekjh f'k{kk esa ,d cgqr cM+k nks"k ;g gS fd ;g f'kf{krksa dks
'kkjhfjd Je djus ds fcYdqy v;ksX; cuk nsrh gSA f'kf{kr iq#"k 'kkjhfjd Je
dks viuh izfr"Bk ds izfrdwy le>rk gSA vius lekt esa ge vkyfl;ksa dh
iwtk djrs gSa] vFkkZr ge ,sls f'kf{kr iq#"k pkgrs gSa tks lc izdkj ds 'kkjhfjd
Je dks ?k`.kk dh n`f"V ls ns[krk gS vkSj vius NksV&s eksVs O;fDrxr dkeksa ds fy,
Hkh ukSdj ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
;g vknr gekjs 'kkldksa us bl ns'k esa izfrf"Br gksus ds fy, dk;e dh
FkhA gekjs dkys vkSj xksjs uokcksa ds mnkgj.k f'kf{kr Hkkjrh;ksa ds fy, vkn'kZ cu
x;s vkSj gekjh oÙkZeku voLFkk dk mÙkjnkf;Ro blh ij gSA
'kkjhfjd Je µ bl lEcUèk esa gesa igyk f'k{kk&lEcUèkh lqèkkj ;g
djuk gS fd yksxksa ds efLr"d ij 'kkjhfjd Je ds egÙo dh Nki Mky nsaA
'kkjhfjd Je dks vfuok;Z fo"k;ksa ds leku gesa vius ikB~;Øe dk ,d vax
cukuk iM+sxkA fdlh Hkh fo|kFkhZ dks izkjfEHkd oxZ ls ysdj fo'ofo|ky; rd
rjDdh ugha feyuh pkfg,] tc rd og 'kkjhfjd Je ds fo"k; esa mÙkh.kZ u gks
ysA
izR;sd vkneh f'k{kk ds egÙo dks le>rk gS] vr,o vxj yksx blds
ykHk ls 'kkjhfjd Je u djus ds dkj.k oafpr dj fn;s tk;sa rks os 'kkjhfjd
Je djus ds fy, ckè; gksaxsA bl 'kkjhfjd Je ls fdlh dks NqVdkjk ugha
feyuk pkfg,] ;fn mlds vo;oksa esa dksbZ nks"k u gksA 'kkjhfjd Je tehu
[kksnus vkSj cks>k <ksus ds :i esa jguk pkfg,A fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh mez ds eqrkfcd
gjsd oxZ dks gjsd lIrkg esa fdUgha fu;r ?k.Vksa rd 'kkjhfjd Je djuk
pkfg,A
f'k{kk&foHkkx ds vfèkdkfj;ksa dks bldk lUrks"k gksuk pkfg, fd tks
fo|kFkhZ mÙkh.kZ gksrs gS]a os lPpkbZ ls viuk fu;r 'kkjhfjd Je djrs gSa vkSj dj
ldrs gSaA f'k{kd vkSj Nk=k ijh{kdksa dks èkks[kk ugha ns ldrs] D;ksafd izfrfnu
vH;kl Mkys fcuk vkèks ?k.Vs rd tehu [kksnuk dfBu gSA ge yksxksa ds cgqr ls
cSBs&Bk<+s f'kf{kr iq#"k Ñf"k dk dk;Z vFkok ,slk gh vU;kU; dk;Z ftlesa
'kkjhfjd Je dh vko';drk gS] ugha dj ldrs] D;ksafd vius lEiw.kZ
Nk=k&thou esa os dfBu 'kkjhfjd Je ls fcydqy nwj jgrs gSaA lkIrkfgd
'kkjhfjd Je ds vykos ekè;fed Ldwyksa vkSj dkystksa esa gj lky ,d eghus
dk ifjJeiw.kZ dSEi&thou gksA
bl izdkj ds dSEi&thou ls Nk=kksa dks cgqr&lh f'k{kk,¡ fey ldrh gSaA
fgVyj ds vH;qn; ds lkFk gh teZuksa us Nk=kksa ds fy, ,slh iz.kkfy;k¡ cuk;h gSa
vkSj bl izdkj ds dSEi mUgksaus etnwjksa ds fy, Hkh cuk j[ks gSaA bl izdkj ds
[kheksa esa Nk=k vkSj etnwj ,d gh izdkj ds thou fcrk ldsxa s vkSj ,d&nwljs ds
Hkkoksa dks le>sxa As fuLlUnsg ;g lc [kpZ ljdkj gh ogu djrh gS vkSj og bl
Je dks lM+d cukus vFkok nwljs izdkj ds loZlkèkkj.k ds mi;ksxh dkeksa esa
yxkrh gSA bl ns'k esa lHkh ogh ckrsa dh tk ldrh gSaA ge yksxksa ds ikl lM+das
vPNh ugha vkSj gesa ugjksa vkSj ck¡èkksa dh vko';drk gSA vxj ge yksx
teZu&iz.kkyh dk vuqlj.k djsa rks ge yksx cgqr vklkuh ls dSEi&thou ds
[kpZ dk izcUèk dj ldsaxs vkSj bl 'kkjhfjd Je dk cgqr ls dkeksa esa mi;ksx
dj ldsxa As
Ñf"k&f'k{kk µ ge yksx bl ckr dks tkurs gSa fd [ksrh dh voLFkk bl
ns'k esa fcYdqy izkjfEHkd gSA ge yksxksa ds ikl dqN Ñf"k&dkyst gSa ftueas
Ñf"k&fo|k dk vè;;u gksrk gSA ysfdu vHkh rd geus viuh Ñf"k esa dksbZ
oSKkfud lqèkkj ugha fd;kA ge blds fy, Ñ"kdksa dh :f<+;ksa dks nks"k nsrs gSaA
cs'kd Ñ"kd :f<+&isez h gSa] fdUrq ,sls :f<+&izseh Ñ"kd gj ns'k esa ik;s tkrs gSaA
fdUrq lkèkkj.k le> dk fdlku Hkh vius vkfFkZd ykHk dks vo'; le>
f'k{kk esa vkewy ifjorZu @ 31

ldrk gSA gesa mÙkj fcgkj dh bZ[k dh [ksrh dk vuqHko gS vkSj ;g vuqHko
phuh ds dkj[kkuksa ds LFkkfir gksus ds le; ls fo'ks"k :i esa feyk gSA
4&5 o"kks± ds chp fdlkuksa us iqjkuh iQlyksa dks NksM+dj bZ[k cksuk 'kq: dj
fn;kA gekjk iwlk dkyst u;h tk¡pksa esa lgk;d gks ldrk gSA ysfdu
Ñf"k&dkystksa esa Ñf"k&deZ djus esa tks [kpZ iM+rk gS] og bruk vfèkd gS fd
mls ge O;ogkj esa ugha yk ldrs gSAa lp ckr rks ;g gS fd ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk
esa tks iz.kkfy;k¡ izpfyr gSa] mudks ge vius ns'k esa O;ogkj eas ugha yk ldrs]
D;ksafd gekjs fdlkuksa ds ikl u rks mruh tehu gS vkSj u mruk ewyèku gSA
vr,o gesa vkèkqfud Ñf"k&f'k{kk Ñf"k&Ldwy ls izkIr djuk cgqr mfpr gksxkA
Ñf"k&dkyst esa izos'k ikus ds fy, gekjs ;gk¡ fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks de ls de b.Vªsal
ikl gksuk pkfg,A bldk urhtk ;g gksrk gS fd tks dksbZ Ñf"k&dkyst ls Hkh
f'k{kk izkIr djrk gS] ukSdjh gh ds ihNs ijs'kku jgrk gSA
,slk dksbZ izcUèk ugha gS fd FkksM+s gh fnuksa esa fdlkuksa dks dqN mi;ksxh ckrsa
crk nh tk;sa vkSj bu lh[kus okyksa dks tgk¡ rd gks lds] de gh f'k{kk izkIr dj
izo's k ikus dh dSn j[kh tk;s vkSj izkbejh f'k{kk dk izcUèk bl izdkj fd;k tk;s
fd Ng o"kZ dk ikB~;Øe lekIr djds Nk=k Ñf"k&Ldwy esa HkrhZ gks ldsaA
bl iz.kkyh esa uohurk ykrs gq, gedks [kpZ ij Hkh è;ku nsuk pkfg,A vxj
bldk [kpZ cgqr T;knk gksxk rks blls Ñ"kd vkdf"kZr dnkfi u gksaxsA eSa
Ñf"k&lEcUèkh fl¼kUrksa dh f'k{kk dh fuUnk ugha djrkA
ysfdu O;kogkfjd f'k{kk dh vko';drk cgqr cM+h gSA bl vfHkizk; ls
ge yksxksa dks gjsd ftys esa ,d Ñf"k&Ldwy pkfg, ftlesa pkj o"kZ dk
ikB~;Øe jgs vkSj fu;fer Nk=kksa ds vfrfjDr FkksM+s le; ds fy, fo'ks"k fo"k;ksa
dk ikB~;Øe loZlkèkkj.k Ñ"kdksa ds fy, Hkh jgsA uohu iz.kkfy;ksa dk vUos"k.k
bl f'k{kk dk izèkku Hkkx gksuk pkfg,A ;g f'k{kk rc rd mi;ksxh u gksxh tc
rd lLrh Ñf"k u gksA dyas] [kkn vkSj pqus gq, cht gesa vklkuh ls u fey
ldsaA lLrh dysa rS;kj djus ds fy, dqN ns'kh dkj[kkus laLFkkfir gksus pkfg,A
m|ksx&èkUèkksa dh f'k{kk µ igys rks lewpk ns'k gh dy&dkj[kkuksa esa cgqr
fiNM+k gqvk gSA fdUrq fcgkj rks vkSj Hkh fiNM+k gqvk gSA bl izkUr dh igyh
ljdkj rks bl ckr ij tjk Hkh è;ku ugha nsrh Fkh vkSj lkèkkj.kr% turk Hkh
blls mnklhu gh gSA èkuckn esa ekbfuax&Ldwy gSA ysfdu ;fn fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh
lwph ns[kh tk;s rks ;g irk py tk;sxk fd djhc&djhc lHkh vfcgkjh gh gSaA
Hkkjr ,sls ?kuh vkcknh ds ns'k dh eqfDr mlds dy&dkj[kkuksa dh mUufr ij
fuHkZj djrh gSA gjsd dfe'ujh esa ,d vkS|ksfxd Ldwy pkj o"kZ ds ikB~;Øe
dk vo'; jguk pkfg,A ,sls Ldwyksa esa HkrhZ gksus ds fy, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fefMy
ikl gksuk pkfg,A buesa fo"k;ksa dh f'k{kk LFkkuh; vko';drk ds vuqdwy gksuh
pkfg,A muesa phuh feV~Vh ds ik=k] peM+s dk dke] 'kh'ks dk dke] èkkrq ds
ik=k] feV~Vh ds ik=k] dkxt cukuk] flykbZ dk dke] c<+bZ dk dke] js'ke dk
dke] O;kogkfjd bathfu;fjax vkSj vkS|ksfxd jlk;u'kkL=k rFkk ,sls gh
nwljs&nwljs mi;ksxh fo"k;ksa dh f'k{kk gksuh pkfg,A
izkjfEHkd vkSj ekè;fed f'k{kk µ fcuk foyEc ds fu%'kqYd vkSj
vfuok;Z izkjfEHkd f'k{kk yM+ds vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds fy, 'kq: dj nsuh pkfg,A
vko';d #i;s ds fy, ge yksxksa dks pUnk ek¡xuk ;k mèkkj ysuk pkfg,] D;ksfa d
izkjfEHkd f'k{kk ukxfjdrk dk vko';d xq.k gSA blds fcuk lkekftd] vkfFkZd
vkSj jktuhfrd mUufr ds lc iz;Ru csdkj gksaxsA yM+ds vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds fy,
i`Fkd Ldwy dk fuekZ.k [kpZ dks nwuk dj nsxkA
Ng ls ckjg o"kZ rd lgf'k{kk esa fdlh dks mtz ugha gksxkA Hkk"kk] O;kdj.k
vkSj fglkc rFkk nwljs fo"k;ksa dh f'k{kk ds lkFk ge yksxksa dks 'kkjhfjd Je dh
f'k{kk Hkh vo'; izkjEHk dj nsuh pkfg,A buesa èkkfeZd f'k{kk dh dksbZ t:jr
ugha] fdUrq uSfrd vkSj jk"Vªh; f'k{kk,¡ mUgsa ,slh feyuh pkfg, tks mUgsa jk"Vªh;rk
fl[kk ldsaA
;w-ih- vkSj iatkc esa gkbZ&Ldwyksa dk ikB~;Øe izkbejh dks feykdj 10 o"kZ
dk gSA fcgkj esa 11 o"kZ dh f'k{kk dh dksbZ vko';drk ughaA oukZdqyj vkSj
vaxszth Ldwy ds Hksn j[kus dh dksbZ vko';drk ughaA vaxzsth vfuok;Z nwljh
Hkk"kk jgs] ijUrq nwljs fo"k;ksa dh f'k{kk ekr`&Hkk"kk ds ekè;e ls gksA izkphu
Hkk"kkvksa dh i<+kbZ ij fo'ks"k tksj u fn;k tk;s] fdUrq fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks xf.kr vkSj
foKku ds vfrfjDr fo"k; ds :i esa ysus ds fy, mRlkfgr fd;k tk;sA
fo'ofo|ky; dh f'k{kk µ gekjh ;g f'k{kk vfèkd&ls&vfèkd
mi;ksxh foKku ds Kku esa o`f¼ djs] geas lS¼kfUrd vè;;u foKku dk djuk
pkfg,A ysfdu O;kogkfjd foKku dk Kku ge fo'ks"k :i ls izkIr djsaA foKku
dh f'k{kk ds fy, fdlh jk"Vª dks gj fo|kFkhZ ij dqN #i;k [kpZ djuk iM+rk
gSA vr,o foKku ds Lukrdksa dks odkyr esa izo's k djds bl #i;s dk viO;;
u djuk pkfg,A izksiQslj dh fu;qfDr LièkkZe; ijh{kkvksa (Competitive
Examinations) ls gksuh pkfg,A f'k{kk&lEcUèkh laLFkkvksa esa tkfr ;k oxZ dk
Hkko ykuk cgqr gkfudkjd gksxkA vkulZ vkSj iksLV xsztq,V Dyklksa dh f'k{kk
mUgha izksiQsljksa ls fnykuh pkfg, tks vius fo"k;ksa esa dqN ekSfyd vUos"k.k dj
jgs gksaA ;fn dksbZ vè;kid dksbZ ekSfyd ys[k fdlh izekf.kr i=k esa ugha

izdkf'kr djkrk gks rks mls mu Dyklksa ds i<+kus dk vfèkdkj u gksuk pkfg,A
izkphu Hkk"kkvksa dh f'k{kk ds fy, vaxzsth tkuus dh vko';drk ij tksj u nsuk
pkfg,A iqjkus <ax dk if.Mr ;k ekSyoh vius fo"k; dks fdlh ,e-,- ls vfèkd
;ksX;rkiwoZd i<+k ldrk gS vkSj vaxzsth ds ekè;e }kjk laLÑr i<+kus dk dksbZ
vFkZ ughaA eSa bl ckr dks le>rk gw¡ fd iqjkus <ax ls if.Mr ;k ekSyoh
,sfrgkfld vkSj oSKkfud igyw esa vius fo"k;ksa ls ifjfpr ugha gksrs gSaA fdUrq
vkulZ vkSj iksLV&xzstq,V ds izksiQsljksa dks fjlpZ Ldkyj gksuk pkfg,A lHkh
Hkkjrh; fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds pkalyj okbljk; ;k xouZj gksrs gSaA izkphu dky esa
,sls izcUèk esa dksbZ mís'; jgk gksxkA fdUrq vc] tcfd f'k{kk fuokZfpr efU=k;ksa
ds gkFk esa j[k nh x;h gS] rks iqjkuh ifjikVh dk ifjpkyu djuk vko';d ugha
gSA ge yksxksa dks ,d oSrfud pkalyj j[kuk pkfg, ftlesas brus xq.k gksa vkSj
bruk lH; gks fd og fo'ofo|ky; dh f'k{kk dks vPNh rjg ls l¡Hkky ldsA
fcgkj ds fo'ofo|ky; dk izcUèk lHkh fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds izcUèk ls [kjkc gSA
dksbZ Hkh iq#"k tks viQljksa dh utj esa okbl&pkalyj gksus ds ;ksX; gks] og
bldk okbl&pkalyj cuk fn;k tkrk gSA njvly okbl&pkalyj dk in Hkh]
,d izdkj dh jktHkfDrlwpd izfr"Bk gS ftls ljdkj vius HkDrksa ds Åij
lezkV dh nh gqbZ info;ksa ds leku ns fn;k djrh gSA ;g bruk vklku dke
le>k tkrk gS fd dqN feuVksa esa gh okbl&pkalyj viuk jkx vyki tkrs gSa]
D;ksfa d voSrfud okbl&pkalyj dks vius is'ks ls rks iQqlrZ feyrh gh ughaA ge
yksx vklkuh ls vius iM+kslh izkUr ;w-ih- ds fo'ofo|ky;ksa ls bl lEcUèk esa
cgqr dqN lh[k ldrs gSaA
fiNM+h tkfr;ksa dh f'k{kk µ fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z izkjfEHkd f'k{kk gksus
ij Hkh Å¡ph f'k{kk rks [kphZyh jgsxh ghA fiNM+s gq, oxZ bldk [kpZ ugha tqVk
ldrs] D;ksafd mudh vkfFkZd voLFkk cgqr fxjh gqbZ gSA f'k{kk esa mudh dksbZ
mUufr ugha gks ldrh tc rd fd ljdkj muds gksugkj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lgk;rk
u nsA eSa tkurk gw¡ fd ljdkj ds ikl brus #i;s u jg tk;sxa s fd fiNM+h tkfr;ksa
ds cPpksa ds fy, ,d mPp f'k{kk dk izcUèk dj ldsA ij gesa muds fy,
vo'; dqN djuk gSA os lnSo lkekftd vU;k; ls gh u ncs jg tk;sa] gesa ;g
vo'; ns[kuk gSA fiNM+h gqbZ tkfr;ksa ds os lc Nk=k tks izkjfEHkd ;k ekè;fed
ijh{kkvksa esa izFke Js.kh esa ikl gksa] mPp f'k{kk ds fy, ljdkjh o`fÙk;ksa ds
vfèkdkjh le>s tk;saA
LohÑr iqLrdsa µ tks iqLrd fdlh Hkh d{kk ds fy, LohÑr dh tkrh
gS]a mudk izdk'ku O;fDrxr izdk'kdksa }kjk cgqr gh fuUnuh; gSA ;g ,d izdV
jgL; gS fd fdl izdkj ?kwl[kksjh bl iqLrd&pquko ds lEcUèk esa dh tkrh gSA
gjsd O;fDrxr izdk'kd ds Åij cM+k Hkkjh mÙkjnkf;Ro gSA vr,o ;fn fdlh
f'k{kk&lEcUèkh laLFkk esa fdlh izdkj dh vifo=krk ik;h tk;s rks mlds fy,
dfBu n.M nsus esa vkukdkuh u djuh pkfg,A f'k{kk&foHkkx ys[kdksa dk ,d
lewg j[k ldrk gS vkSj ;ksX; ys[kdksa dks mfpr ikfjJfed Hkh ns ldrk gSA
ftruh fdrkcsa izkbejh vkSj mPp Ldwyksa ds fy, LohÑr gksa] mUgsa f'k{kk&foHkkx
gh izdkf'kr djsA fo'ofo|ky; vius ikB~;Øe ds lHkh fo"k;ksa dh iqLrdas
izdkf'kr djsA gk¡] dsoy mu fo"k;ksa dh iqLrd tks fdUgha [kkl fo"k;ksa ij
fy[kh x;h gSa vkSj ftuds ys[kd fo'ofo|ky; dh vèkhurk esa ugha gSa] ckgj
ls e¡xk;h tk ldrh gSaA
uhps eS a mu lq è kkjks a dk lkjka ' k fy[k ns r k gw ¡ ftUgs a fHkUu&fHkUu
f'k{kk&fo|ky;ksa esa izpfyr djus dh furkUr vko';drk gSA
izkjfEHkd f'k{kk µ (1) Ng o"kZ dk ikB~;&Øe (lkr ls ckjg o"kZ dh
voLFkk rd)] (2) fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z] (3) yM+fd;ksa vkSj yM+dksa dh
lg&f'k{kk] (4) vfuok;Z 'kkjhfjd Je ([kksnuk vkSj <ksuk)] (d) izFke ls
prqFkZ oxZ rd izfr lIrkg rhu ?k.Vs] ([k) ik¡posa vkSj NBs oxZ ds fy, pkj
?k.Vs izfr lIrkg] (5) ik¡posa vkSj NBs oxZ ds fy, dqN [ksrh vkSj ?kjsyw foKku
ds ikB] (6) iQkSth dok;n izfr lIrkg nks ?k.Vs] (7) jk"Vªh; vkSj uSfrd
f'k{kk (èkkfeZd f'k{kk ds cnys esa)A
ekè;fed f'k{kk µ (v) gkbZ&Ldwy µ (1) pkj o"kZ ds ikB~;&Øe
(rsjg ls lksyg o"kZ)] (2) vfuok;Z 'kkjhfjd Je ([kksnuk vkSj <ksuk) Ng
?k.Vs izfr lIrkg µ ekr`&Hkk"kk ekè;e ds :i esa vkSj vaxzsth nwljh vfuok;Z
Hkk"kk ds :i esa] (3) izkphu Hkk"kk esa oSdfYid fo"k;ksa esa ,d] (4) vfrfjDr
xf.kr vkSj foKku dh f'k{kk dk fo'ks"k izcUèk] (5) iQkSth dok;n izfr lIrkg
nks ?k.Vs] (6) dSEi&thou dk Je (fu%'kqYd gj lky ,d ekl)] (7) izFke
Js.kh esa ikl djus okys fiNM+s oxZ ds Nk=kksa dks Nk=ko`fÙkA
(vk) Ñf"k Ldwy µ (1) gj ftys esa ,d] (2) izkbejh oxZ ijh{kksÙkh.kZ
Nk=kksa dk izos'k] (3) fu;fer fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk 4 o"kZ dk dkslZ µ fo'ks"k f'k{kk ds
fy, Ng eghus] (4) [ksrh dh O;kogkfjd f'k{kk] (5) ckxokuh] js'ke ds
dke] eD[ku fudkyus dk dke] eqxhZ ikyus dk dke] (6) dSEi&thou Je
(fu%'kqYd) izfro"kZ ,d ekl] (7) ekè;e ekr`Hkk"kk] vaxszth vfuok;Z nwljh
Hkk"kk] (8) iQkSth dok;n izfr lIrkg nks ?k.Vs] (9) (v) ds eqrkfcd
Nk=ko`fÙk;k¡A

(b) O;kogkfjd µ (1) izR;sd dfe'ujh esa ,d Ldwy] (2) pkj o"kZ
dk dkslZ] (3) js'ke] flykbZ] c<+bZxhjh] phuh feV~Vh ds ik=k] peZdk;Z] dk¡p
vkSj nzO; dk dke] dkxt cukuk] dy&dk¡Vs dk dke vkSj O;kogkfjd jlk;u
'kkL=kkfn fo"k;A
(bZ) xk¡oksa dk <k¡pk cukuk bR;kfn µ (1) izos'k vkBosa oxZ ikl]
(2) vfuok;Z 'kkjhfjd Je ([kksnuk vkSj <ksuk) izfr lIrkg Ng ?k.Vs]
(3) dSEi&thou Je (fu%'kqYd) izfr o"kZ ,d ekl] (4) iQkSth dok;n
gÝrs esa nks ?k.Vs] (5) ekr`&Hkk"kk ekè;e vkSj vaxszth nwljh vfuok;Z Hkk"kk]
(6) (v) ds leku Nk=ko`fÙk;k¡A
fo'ofo|ky; dh f'k{kk µ (1) Hkfo"; esa mi;ksfxrk ds vuqlkj fo"k;ksa
dk lkewfgd foHkkx] (2) vfuok;Z 'kkjhfjd Je ([kksnuk vkSj <ksuk) gÝrs esa
Ng ?k.Vs] (3) dSEi&thou Je (fu%'kqYd) izfro"kZ ,d ekl] (4) jkbiQy
pykuk vkSj nwljh iQkSth dok;n nks ?k.Vs izfr lIrkg] (5) vkS|ksfxd vkSj
lkekftd foKkuksa ds i<+us ds fy, fo'ks"k izcUèk] (6) jktuhfrd fopkj vkSj
muds vfHkO;atu dh LorU=krk] (7) ekè;e ekr`Hkk"kk] vaxszth nwljh vfuok;Z
Hkk"kk] (8) foKku ds Lukrd dkuwu u i<+sa vkSj nwljs is'ks Hkh u djsa ftuls
mudk Kku O;FkZ tk;s] (9) oSrfud pkalyj vko';d xq.kksa ds lkFk]
(10) izkphu Hkk"kkvksa ds izFke pkj oxks± esa vè;;u ds fy, f'k{kdksa dks vaxt
sz h
Kku dh t:jr ugha] (11) tks izksiQslj vkulZ vkSj iksLV&xzstq,V Dyklksa esa
i<+krs gSa] mudks vUos"k.k&lEcUèkh ys[k fy[kuk t:jh gS] (12) izksiQsljksa dh
fu;qfDr LièkkZ&ijh{kkvksa ds }kjk gks] (13) mu fiNM+h gqbZ tkfr;ksa dks o`fÙk;k¡
nh tk;sa tks eSfVªdqys'ku ijh{kk esa izFke Js.kh esa mÙkh.kZ gksaA
···
5
uo&fuekZ.k
lkE;oknh lekt dk vkfFkZd fuekZ.k u;h rjg ls djuk pkgrs gSa vkSj og
fuekZ.k jiQw ;k yhik&iksrh djds ugha djuk gksxkA ,d rjg ls mls u;h uhao ij
nhokj [kM+h djds djuk gksxkA Hkkjr dh lkèkkj.k turk dh xjhch bruh c<+h
gqbZ gS fd mlds fy, vuUr dh vksj b'kkjk ugha fd;k tk ldrkA gesa vius
dke esa rqjUr tqV tkuk pkfg,A fiNys pquko esa turk ds lkeus tks dk;ZØe
j[kk x;k gS] ;|fi mlesa uo&fuekZ.k mruk vkxs rd ugha gS_ ftruk fd
lkE;oknh pkgrs gSa] ysfdu ns[kus esa vk jgk gS fd gekjs usrk yksx ml gYds
Hkkx dks Hkh cgkuk djds Vky nsuk pkgrs gSaA ftlds oksV ij dkaxszl ds yksx
pquko&;q¼ esa fot;h gq, vkSj xouZes.V dh ckxMksj muds gkFk eas vk;h] vc
os dg jgs gSa fd os mu fdlkuksa ds gh izfrfufèk FkksM+s gSa] mUgsa tehankjksa dk Hkh
[k;ky gksxkA 'kk;n mudks ;g irk ugha gS fd ftu fdlkuksa us mUgsa ;g fot;
vkSj vfèkdkj fn;k] pkj o"kZ ckn fiQj mUgsa mUgha ds lkeus tkuk gSA mUgsa 'kk;n
;g [k;ky gksxk fd dkaxzsl dk laxBu muds gkFk esa gSA fdlkuksa dks rks ØkfUr
dh dqN xje&xje ckrsa viuh oÙkZeku dfBukb;ksa vkSj dqN Hkfo"; ds izyksHku
nsdj Hkqyok;k tk ldrk gS vkSj fdlku dk;ZdÙkkZvksa dks ge dkaxszl ds Hkhrj
dqN xM+cM+ djus dk ekSdk gh ugha nsaxsA dqN pha&piM+ djsaxs rks mUgsa
^fMflfIyu* dk Mj fn[kk;saxsA ,lsEcyh vkSj dkSafly ds fdlku&i{kh esEcjksa
dks lke] nke nsdj ,d lkFk feyus ugha nsxa ]s izLrko dh vfèkdrk vkSj Hkk"kkvksa
dh Hkjekj dk Mj fn[kykdj gjsd dke dks dk;Zdkfj.kh vkSj fiQj efU=k;ksa ds
gkFk esa lkSaidj lc dke vius gkFk eas ys ysaxsA
bl rjg pkj o"kZ ckn fiQj ge mlh 'kku ls fdlkuksa ds lkeus tk;saxs] tSls
fd fiNys pquko esa x;s FksA ysfdu mudks [k;ky j[kuk pkfg, fd fdlkuksa dh
dfBukb;k¡ dkYifud ugha gSaA
thou dh vR;Ur mi;ksxh lkefxz;ksa ls fgUnqLrku ds fdlku fdrus oafpr
uo&fuekZ.k @ 37
gSa] budh nqfu;k esa felky ughaA yM+dksa dh f'k{kk] 'kknh&C;kg] dtZ] HksaV]
csxkj] ipklksa ,slh fpUrk,¡ gSa tks fdlkuksa ds fny esa Hkwls ds Hkhrj vkx dh rjg
lqyxrh jgrh gSAa fpduh&pqiM+h ckrksa ls vki fdlkuksa dks Hkqykok ugha ns ldrs
vkSj fdlku dk;ZdÙkkZ Hkh u ,ssls Hkksys&Hkkys gSa] u ,sls LokFkZ vkSj eku ds ihNs
ejus okys gSa fd vkids pdeksa esa vk tk;sxa As vkidks fdlkuksa ds izkxs kz e eas 'kk;n
fny ls Hkh fgpfdpkgV gSA ge ;g rks ugha dgrs fd eU=kh yksx] ftuesa
vfèkdka'k tehankj gSa] vius LokFkZ ds fy, VkyeVksy djuk pkgrs gSaA ysfdu
'kk;n vki yksxksa dks tehankjksa ds laxBu dk Hk; gksA 'kk;n vki vij dkSafly
ds oksV ls Mjrs gks]a tgk¡ ij fd tehankjksa ds cgqer dk Mj gS vkSj blhfy, vki
le>kSrk djuk pkgrs gSaSA dqN ,slh ckrsas gSa ftu ij le>kSrk djds fdlkuksa dks
vki viuk dV~Vj nq'eu cuk ysaxsA Hkkoyh] nkukcUnh] lfVZfiQdsV vkSj lykeh
esa rks le>kSrk gks gh ugha ldrkA mUgsa rks dye dh ,d uksd ls dkV nsuk
gksxkA vxj dkSfa ly ls ugha ikl gksrk rks vkSj nwljs jkLrs gS]a mUgsa vki vf[r;kj
djsAa [ksrh dh vkenuh ds fy, tehankjksa ij tks VSDl cSBkuk pkgrs gS]a mlesa Hkh
vkidks ujeh ls dke ugha ysuk gksxkA
5 gtkj vkenuh okys tehankjksa dks vki bl VSDl ls cjh dj ldrs gSa]
D;ksafd ftls 5 gtkj dh vkenuh gS vkSj ?kj esa vkB&nl O;fDr gSa] mlds
fy, O;fDr ihNs gtkj&vkB lkS #i;s lky dh vkenuh iM+ tkrh gSA gk¡] mls
Hkh blds fy, rks t:j rS;kj djuk gksxk fd yxku dh 'kjg tgk¡ vfèkd gks]
ogk¡ de dh tk;sA gjsd [ksr dk ntkZ losZ esa c¡èkk gqvk gSA ml ntsZ ds eqrkfcd
vki egÙke vkSj y?kqÙke 'kjg ck¡èk nsa vkSj mlds vuqlkj lHkh NksVs&cM+s
tehankjksa dks pyus ds fy, etcwj djsaA ysfdu 5 gtkj ls ftudh vkenuh
T;knk gS] mu ij bude VSDl yxkuk pkfg,A vkSj ,d yk[k ls 5 yk[k okyksa
rd dks 30 lSdM+k ls de ugha gksuk pkfg,A ik¡p ls nl yk[k rd 4 lSdM+k]
10 ls 20 yk[k rd ipkl lSdM+k vkSj 20 yk[k ls Åij okyksa ls de gfxZt
VSDl ugha ysuk pkfg,A gekjs eU=kh yksx bl bude VSDl ls 3&4 yk[k dh
vk'kk j[k jgs gSaA Ms<+ djksM+ dh vkenuh rks fliQZ fcgkj ds pkj&ik¡p tehankjksa
dks gh gks tkrh gSA 80 yk[k rks vki mUgha ls ys ldrs gSaA vkidk fny vxj
detksj gS] gkFk dk¡irk gS] rks mls Li"V D;ksa ugha dgrs\ vij pSEcj ls Mjus
dk cgkuk D;ksa djrs gSa tc fd vkius xouZj ls bUgha lc ckrksa ds fy, vkjEHk
esa gh >xM+k dj fy;k FkkA vkidks u tehankjksa dh ijokg djuh gksxh vkSj u
xouZj ds ukjkt gksus dhA vki vius izLrko vkSj fcy dks fuèkM+d gksdj j[ksaA
vxj dkSafly mls budkj djrh gS rks xouZj dkSafly vkSj vlsEcyh nksuksa dh
lfEefyr cSBd djus dks etcwj djsaA ;fn ;g ugha gksrk gS] rks u;k pquko
djok;sa vkSj ml pquko esas bude VSDl gh ugha] tehankjh izFkk dks mBkuk viuk
izkxs kz e j[ksAa fiQj dkSfa ly esa vk;sa vkSj fiQj mlh mRlkg ds lkFk vius izkxs kz e dks
j[ksAa tehankjksa vkSj fdlkuksa dk LokFkZ bruk ,d&nwljs ds fo#¼ gS fd mls vki
,dkUr dksBjh esa tehankjksa ls ?kqy&feydj ckr djds ;k veqd ^lj* vkSj
veqd ûkjk;.k flag* dh pk; ikVhZ esas r; ugha dj ldrsA og le; nwj ugha
gS tc fd fdlku] tks vkids okLrfod ekfyd gS]a vki dks gqDe nsxa s fd vki
fdlh cM+s tehankj vkSj jktk&egkjkt ls feyus&tqyus vkSj pk;&iku djus ls
oSls gh vyx jgsa] tSls igys dkaxzsl ds gqDe ls ljdkjh gkfde mudh
pk;&ikfVZ;ksa ls vyx j[ks x;sA ;g fdruh 'keZ dh ckr gS fd oksV rks ysa vki
fdlkuksa ls] vfèkdkj rks feys vkidks fdlkuksa ds cy ij vkSj dgas fd ge vc
rks xouZes.V gSa] fdlh ,d ikVhZ ds FkksM+s gSaA blh ckr dks] vxj fgEer gS rks
yksxksa ds lkeus vki [kqyh rkSj ls dgas vkSj rc fdlku cryk nsa fd vxj vki
eè;LFk gSa] rks fdlkuksa ds oSls gh nq'eu gSa] tSls iqjkuh ljdkjA
dkaxzsl efU=ke.My] fMfLVªDV cksMZ vkSj dkSafly esa 'kk;n ckfyx dks oksV
dk vfèkdkj nsuk ugha pkgrkA E;qfufliSfYV;ksa vkSj fMfLVªDV cksMks± esa og
ljdkj dh rjiQ ls tkus okys vknfe;ksa dks Hkh tkjh j[kuk pkgrk gSA igyh
ckr esa rks cgkuk fd;k tkrk gS fd oksVjksa dh la[;k cgqr vfèkd gks tk;sxh]
[kpZ cgqr c<+ tk;sxk vkSj izcUèk djuk cgqr eqf'dy gks tk;sxkA dkaxzsl ds
efU=k;ksa dks ;g dgrs gq, 'keZ vkuh pkfg,A vkt fdrus o"kks± ls ;gh yksx blds
fy, vaxzsth ljdkj ls yM+ jgs FksA vHkh&vHkh mUgksaus Hkkjr ds Lons'kh foèkku
ds fy, ckfyx oksVjksa }kjk pquh izfrfufèk lHkk (dkULVhV~;w,.V vlsEcyh)
cqykus dk izLrko ikl fd;kA nwljksa ds ekFks Mkyuk gks rks ckfyx oksVjksa dk
fl¼kUr Bhd vkSj tc vius fy, vk;s rks mls csBhd dg fn;k tkrk gSA ;g
vtc fl¼kUr gSA euksuhr lHkkln tc igys ljdkj Hkstrh Fkh] rks mldks
gtkj xkfy;k¡ nh tkrh FkhaA vc bl Mj ls fd fMfLVªDV cksMks± vkSj
E;qfufliSfYV;ksa esa ujenyh dkaxzsfl;ksa ds fojksèkh lkE;oknh vkSj fdlkuksa dk
cgqer u gks tk;s] blfy, euksuhr lHkklnksa dks vius gkFk j[kuk pkgrs gSaA
;s [kqyh csbZekuh vkSj fl¼kUr dk [kwu ugha rks vkSj D;k gS\ iqjkus efU=k;ksa
dh rjg 'kk;n gekjs u;s eU=kh Hkh tkfr ds [k;ky esa cgqr vkxs ugha c<+s gSaA
'kk;n og vius&vius fiV~Bqvksa vkSj vius fj'rsnkj vkSj ukrsnkjksa dks njokts ls
ugha] rks f[kM+dh ds jkLrs igq¡pk nsuk pkgrs gSaA ekywe gksrk gS] gekjs usrk yksx
le> jgs gSa fd tks pkgsxa ]s og 'kkfUriwod Z dj naxs As mudks ;g ekywe ugha gS fd
uo&fuekZ.k @ 39
os ck:n ds <sj ij gSaA ,d fpaxkjh mUgsa ,sls mM+k nsxh fd dgha ,d VqdM+s dk
Hkh irk ugha jgsxkA pquko flj ij vk x;k gS] tYnh esa iqjkus fu;eksa dks ugha
cnyk tk ldrkA bl cgkus dks lqudj rks cq[kkj c<+ vkrk gSA dkSu dgrk gS
fd vki blh oDr pquko djsa\ oksVj&fyLV rS;kj gks x;h gS] tkus nhft;s mls
pwYgs&HkkM+ esaA Ng eghus ckn pquko dhft;s] ,d cjl ckn pquko dhft;sA
vHkh rks oÙkZeku E;qfufliy cksMZ vkSj fMfLVªDV cksMZ gSaA mUgsa jgus nhft;sA
ysfdu tc pquko dhft;s rks ckfyx oksVjksa }kjk vkSj euksuhr lHkkln gksus dh
ckr dks gVkdjA
vHkh oksVjksa dh ,slh voLFkk gS fd nfyr tkfr;k¡ vkSj eqlyekuksa ds
izfrfufèk;ksa ds pqus tkus esa cgqr dfBukbZ gSA blfy, lfEefyr pquko ds lkFk
bu nksuksa oxks± dh la[;k dks fu;r dj nsuk pkfg, ftlesa fdlh dks ysdj
izxfr&fojksfèk;ksa dks oSeuL; iQSykus dk ekSdk u feysA
gesa vius ns'k esa u;s vkfFkZd fuekZ.k dh vko';drk gSA vkSj mlds fy,
tSls xEHkhj fopkj vkSj foLr`r vè;;u dh t:jr gS] mls vkt rd gekjs
dkaxszl ds usrk yksx vuko';d le>rs vk;s gSaA ,slh gkyr esa ;g vlEHko gS
fd os lkgl djds yEck dne vkxs c<+k;saxsA oÙkZeku ctV esa ls 27 yk[k
fdlh dke ds fy, fudkyk tk ldrk gSA ysfdu u dksbZ ;kstuk gS] u dksbZ
fopkj gS] blfy, ml 27 yk[k ls izkUr dk dtZ ysuk gh ugha gSA uo&fuekZ.k
ds fy, gesa ,d&,d] nks&nks ugha] nl&nl] chl&chl djksM+ dtsZ dh t:jr
gksxhA eU=kh gks x;s] igys ds efU=k;ksa ls ru[okg de ys yh] blfy, dkaxl zs ds
R;kx dk f<a<ksjk nqfu;k esa fiV gh x;k vkSj pqipki iQkby ij nLr[kr djrs
tkvksA
vFkZ&foHkkx vkSj LFkkuh; Lok;Ùk 'kklu] f'k{kk vkSj uo&fuekZ.k] LokLF;
vkSj vkcdkjh ,sls cM+s&cM+s foHkkx gSa tks tksM+k&tksM+k djds ,d&,d eU=kh ds
ekFks e<+ fn;s x;s gSaA Hkyk bu efU=k;ksa ds ikl iQkby ij nLr[kr djus ds ckn
le; gh dgk¡ jg tk;sxk\ dc og vius fo"k; ij u;s lkfgR; i<+saxs vkSj dc
ml ij u;s rkSj ij fopkj djsaxs\ cl muds fy, rks ,d gh jkLrk gS fd muds
uhps ds tks Å¡ps vfèkdkjh gSa] og muds fy, i<+us&lkspus dk dke djsa vkSj
tSlk og dga]s oSlk gh eku ysAa vHkh ls ns[kus esa vk jgk gS fd turk dh fdlh
dfBukbZ dks tc eU=kh ds lkeus is'k fd;k tkrk gS rks vius uhps ds mPp
vfèkdkfj;ksa dks viuk odhy cukdj og lkeus cSBk nsrk gSA bu mPp
vfèkdkfj;ksa us dqN i<+k&fy[kk t:j gS] ysfdu mudk Kku fliQZ dkxt dk
Kku gSA uo&fuekZ.k èkjrh dh ckr gS] fdrkc dh ckr ughaA fdrkc ls fl¼kUr
ekywe gks ldrs gSaA vkSj ;s fl¼kUr Hkh èkjrh ls iSnk fd;s x;s gSa] ;|fi nwljs
ns'k] nwljh vkc&gok vkSj nwljs lekt esaA fdUrq] os fl¼kUr rc rd csdkj gSa
tc rd og gekjh èkjrh] gekjs ns'k] gekjh vkc&gok vkSj gekjs lekt ls
feydj fiQj bUgsa u;k u dj fy;k tk;sA D;k t:jr gS fd pkj gh eU=kh cuk;s
tk;sa\ ;g fn[kykus ds fy, fd nks gh gtkj esa gekjs eU=kh dke dj ysrs gSSa\
vxj pkj gtkj yxrk gks vkSj mlls iQk;nk dbZ xquk T;knk gks rks bl nks gtkj
dh deh ls iQk;nk\ vkius D;ksa ugha vkB eU=kh j[ks\ D;ksa u ,d&,d foHkkx
,d eU=kh dks fn;k tk;s ftlls muds Åij iQkby dk cks> de gksrk vkSj mUgsa
dqN fy[kus&i<+us vkSj lkspus&le>us dk ekSdk feyrkA dgrs gSa] pkj ls vkB
djus esa fdrus gh yksx >xM+k djus dks rS;kj gks tkrs gSaA >xM+k D;k [kkd iSnk
djrs\ >xM+k rks rc iSnk gksrk gS tc fd ;ksX;rk gks ;k uk gks] ysfdu gj ,d
usrk viuh tkfr ds yksxkas dks Hkjuk pkgrk gSA nfyr vkSj eqlyeku ds izfrfufèk
dks j[kuk rks bl n`f"V ls t:jh gS fd ml oxZ ds jk"Vª&fojksfèk;ksa dks oSeuL;
iSnk djus dk eksSdk u feysA
ysfdu jktiwr vkSj czkã.k] dk;LFk vkSj Hkwfegkj esa bl tkfr ds [k;ky
djus dh D;k t:jr\ >xM+s dh tM+ [kqn gh vki rS;kj djrs gSa vkSj fiQj mlh
dk cgkuk cukdj xyr jkLrk idM+rs gSaA tc rd dkaxzsl ds usrk tkr&ik¡r ds
[k;ky dks ugha NksM+rs gSa] rc rd ;g cqjkbZ nwj gh ugha gks ldrhA os
jk"Vª&fuekZ.k ij cM+s gYds fny ls lksprs gSAa os le>rs gSa fd ge viuh&viuh
tkfr ds vxqok Hkh cus jgsaxs vkSj jk"Vª ds HkhA bl [k;ky dks mUgsa NksM+ nsuk
iM+sxkA usrkvksa ds fy, lcls vPNk jkLrk ;g gS fd lHkh dkaxsl z usrk tkr&ik¡r
rksM+dj vkil esa 'kknh&C;kg dk lEcUèk tksM+saA
tc Hkwfegkj dk leèkh jktiwr gksxk vkSj dk;LFk dk nkekn czkã.k gksxk rks
;s >xM+s jgsaxs gh ughaA vki viuh gtkj cjl dh csodwfiQ;ksa dks lkFk ysdj
gekjh vktdy dh tfVy leL;kvksa dks gy djuk pkgrs gSa] lks ugha gksxkA
detksfj;k¡ vkids Hkhrj iM+h gqbZ gSAa ckt oDr vki muds vfLrRo dk vuqHko
Hkh djrs gSaA fiQj lksp ysrs gSa] ;g rks oS;fDrd gSA pkgs vki czãpkjh gksa ;k
ugha] pkgs 'kjkch gksa ;k ijgstxkj] pkgs ekalkgkjh gksa ;k 'kkdkgkjh] vkids jk"Vªh;
dk;Z ls mldk dksbZ mruk lEcUèk ughaA ysfdu NksVs&NksVs LokFkks± ds fy, Hkhrj
dh xqVcUnh] tkr&ik¡r dk [k;ky] ukSdfj;ksa ds fnykus vkSj lHkklnksa ds
euksuhr djus esa ;fn vki dqiFk xzg.k djrs gS]a rks jk"Vª ds fy, ;g lcls cM+k
iki gSA tkr&ik¡r dk [k;ky gekjh dkaxzsl dh laLFkkvksa esa lcls cM+h
gkfudkjd pht gS vkSj bl Hk;adj chekjh esa gekjs NksV&s NksVs dk;ZdÙkkZ gh ugha
uo&fuekZ.k @ 41
iQ¡ls gq, gS]a blesa rks pksVh ds usrk yksx Hkh 'kkfey gSa vkSj ogh gekjs jktuhfrd
thou dh lcls cM+h xUnxh gSA ukStokuksa dks bl ckjs esa viuh jk; iDdh dj
ysuh pkfg, vkSj fcuk fdlh eqykgtk&eqjkSor dk [k;ky fd;s bldk fojksèk
djuk pkfg,A vHkh rd rks gekjs lHkh jktuhfrd izksxzke dYiuk&txr esa FksA
ysfdu vc rks Bksl èkjrh ij vk x;s gSaA dkaxzsl ds usrkvksa ds gkFk eas ljdkj
dh ckxMksj gSA
;fn ;g [k;ky ,slk gh cuk jgk rks] ;fn dkaxzsl dks rckg u dj nsxk rks
detksj vkSj cnuke t:j dj nsxkA yksx tkr&ik¡r dk [k;ky djds vius
yk;d HkkbZ&cUèkqvksa dks ukSdjh fnyok;saxs vkSj cnuke gksxh dkaxszlA fiNys
efU=k;ksa us ,slh cgqr&lh csbZekfu;k¡ dh gSaA fdrus gh fudEes vknfe;ksa dks
izkis Qslj vkSj MkDVj tSls nkf;Roiw.kZ inksa ij fu;qDr dj fn;k x;k gSA ogk¡ tkdj
os eksVh&eksVh ru[okgsa ysrs gSa] cSBs&cSBs efD[k;k¡ ekjrs gSa vkSj ;fn dqN vkSj
djrs gSa rks pkiywlh] ?kwl[kksjh] i{kikr vkSj lkekftd oSeuL; dk iQSykoA ;fn
dkaxzsl okys bu oS;fDrd LokFkks± dks lkeus j[ksaxs rks tSls fMfLVªDV cksMks± vkSj
E;qfufliSfYV;ksa ds #i;s csbZeku esEcj vkSj èkks[ksckt Bsdsnkjksa }kjk mM+k;s tkrs
gSa] ogh ckr ljdkj esa gksxhA E;qfufliSfYV;ksa vkSj fMfLVªDV cksMks± esa ns[krs ugha
gSa] vkt 50 gtkj #i;k yxkdj ,d ehy dh lM+d curh gS vkSj rhu eghus
ckn mlesa xM~<s iM+ tkrs gSaSA b±Vksa dh jksM+h fcNk nh x;h] mls dqN Fkki&Fkwi
fn;k x;k vkSj ;fn 'kgj vkSj dLcs dh ckr gqbZ] rks ml ij dqN ihis dksyrkj
ds Hkh yq<+dk fn;s x;sA vksojfl;j vkSj bathfu;j vk¡[k ls lkjh csbZekuh dks
ns[krs gSa] ysfdu rc Hkh fj'or ds ykHk ls ;k esEcj ;k ps;jeSu ds Mj ls
Bsdsnkj ds i{k esa viuh fjiksVZ ns nsrs gSaA
tgk¡ nsf[k;s] ogha fj'or] utjkuk] xUnxh] fliQkfj'k dk gh cktkj xeZ gSA
vkSj dkaxsl z okyksa us tkdj vxj tkr&ik¡r ds [k;ky dks u NksM+k rks mlesa dksbZ
lqèkkj gksus dh ukScr ugha] D;ksfa d lqèkkj ,d eksVs rkSj ls fl¼kUr ij ysDpj nsus
ls FkksM+s gh gksxkA xUnfx;ksa ds gVkus ds fy, dHkh dk;LFk HkkbZ dks gsM&DydhZ
ls c[kkZLr djuk iM+sxk] dHkh fdlh Hkwfegkj HkkbZ dks fMIVh lqifj.Vs.Ms.Vh ls
tokc nsuk iM+sxk] lHkh ukyk;d] tks fdlh u fdlh rjg ls viuh txgksa ij
igq¡p x;s gSa] vxj lkjh fj'or vkSj 'kSrkuh djrs tk jgs gSa] os vkf[kj fdlh u
fdlh eU=kh ;k esEcj ds tkfr HkkbZ gh gksaxsA <w¡<+us&<k¡<+us ij dksbZ u dksbZ mudk
fj'rk Hkh lkfcr gks tk;sxkA ;g tkr&ik¡r] [k;ky jf[k;s] dksbZ Hkh lqèkkj ugha
gksus nsxhA cfYd igys rks gjsd foHkkx ds eqf[k;k vaxszt gksrs Fks vkSj muds
HkkbZ&cUèkqvksa dh la[;k fgUnqLrku esa cgqr de FkhA blfy, cgqr ckj os ;ksX;rk
dk Hkh [k;ky j[krs FksA vkSj vc] tc lHkh foHkkxksa ds vè;{k Hkkjrh; gSa vkSj
mUgha ds HkkbZ&cUèkq ljdkjh ukSdfj;ksa] lkoZtfud laLFkkvksa esa cSBs lHkh xUnfx;ksa
dks iQSyk jgs gS]a mudks gVkuk dSls lEHko gksxk] ;fn tkfr dk [k;ky ugha gVkA
gekjs dkaxzslh usrk vkSj eU=kh yksx gesa {kek djsaxs] ;g dM+h lPpkbZ dgus
ds fy,A ysfdu ftl [krjs dh rjiQ mudk #[k gS] ;fn mls jksdus ds fy,
;g ugha fd;k x;k] rks ;g ns'k ds fy, gkfudkjd ckr gksxhA
la{ksi esa efU=k;ksa dks pkfg, fd fdlkuksa ds gd ds fy, yM+as vkSj tehankjh
izFkk dks tYnh ls tYnh mBok;saA ljdkjh ukSdfj;ksa vkSj lkoZtfud laLFkkvksa esa
ftruh xUnfx;k¡ gSa] muds ihNs ykBh ysdj iM+saA ckfyx oksVjksa }kjk pquko vkSj
euksuhr lHkklnksa dks jksduk fuf'pr djsaA ;fn ,slk u djsaxs] rks dkaxszl esa iQwV
gksuk fuf'pr gSA fdlku] etnwj vkSj lkE;oknh egt dkaxszfl;ksa ds xqyke ugha
gSa tks gjsd ckr esa mudh ^gk¡* esa ^gk¡* feykrs jgsaA
···
uo&fuekZ.k @ 43
6
tehankjh ugha pkfg,
'kqØokj (vxLr 1931) dks fcgkj ds tehankjksa dh tks lHkk gqbZ Fkh] og
mudh mifLFkfr vkSj mRlkg dh n`f"V ls vHkwriwoZ FkhA ^bf.M;u us'ku* ds
vuqlkj îzkUr* ds izR;sd dksus ls lSdM+ksa dh la[;k esa tehankj vk;s Fks vkSj
cgqr cM+k gky vkSj ckgj dk vkslkjk BlkBl Hkjs gq, FksA cM+s&cM+s mikfèkèkkjh
jktk vkSj egkjktksa ds lkFk NksVs ls NksVs tehankj Hkh dUèks ls dUèkk fHkM+kdj
tehankjksa dh mu cgqla[;d leL;kvksa dks gy djus ds fy, mRlqd Fks tks
vkt ml lewps oxZ ds lkeus mifLFkr gSaA mís'; dh egÙoiw.kZ ,drk muesa
n`f"Vxkspj gks jgh Fkh ftlus ,d lkekU; Hk; dh Nk;k ds dkj.k leqnk;] tkfr
vkSj lEiznk; ds lHkh cUèkuksa dks fNUu&fHkUu dj fn;k FkkA
vc rd fcgkj ds tehankj vius vU; izkUr ds Hkkb;ksa ds leku vius
le; dh ljdkj dh 'kfDr dh cgqr vk'kk j[krs Fks] D;ksafd dkaxzsl dk vkn'kZ
vkSj bldk dk;ZØe muds fy, ,d ,slk LoIu Fkk tks dHkh iwjk gksus okyk u
FkkA blfy, Lo;a tehankjksa esa gh viuh lHkk ds lnL; cuus esa HksnHkko FkkA
NksVs tehankjksa dks cM+s tehankj vius esa fxurs gh u FksA ^bl tekus esa tehankj
lHkk* dsoy egkjktksa] jktksa vkSj cM+s&cM+s tehankjksa dh FkhA os vius oxZ esa Hkh
lekurk dk LoIu ugha ns[krs FksA vc muds lHkkifr dk ;g dguk cgqr
vuqfpr ekywe gksrk gS] ^bl 'kkspuh; voLFkk dk ,d lcy dkj.k ;g Hkh gS
fd ge ml iztkrU=k ds Hkko dks] ftldh rjiQ ns'k c<+ jgk gS] le>us eas
vleFkZ jgs gSAa *
Hkkjro"kZ esa iztkrU=k ds fy, os mi;qDr fnu ugha FksA iztkrU=k dk izpkj
djuk funksZ"k dke ugha le>k tkrk FkkA ml le; tehankjksa us vius
LokFkZ&lkèku ds fy, tks mfpr le>k] mldk mRlkg ls lEiknu fd;kA ;g
dguk fcYdqy lp ugha gS fd cgqr o"kks± rd ge yksx jktuhfrd vkUnksyuksa
ds dsoy ekSu n'kZd ek=k Fks] D;ksafd ge yksxksa dks xr ljdkj dh izfrKkvksa esa
vkRej{kk dk fo'okl FkkA vr,o gesa izfrfnu viuh iqjkuh ijEijk vkSj dkuwu
ds vuqlkj dk;Z djus esa gh lUrks"k jgkA tehankj dsoy ekSu n'kZd gh ugha Fks]
os jktuhfrd vkUnksyuksa ds le; ljdkj ds lfØ; leFkZd Hkh Fks] os veu
lHkkvksa ds laLFkkid ,oa lapkyd Fks vkSj tu ,oa èku FksA LorU=krk ds
vkUnksyuksa dks dqpy Mkyus esa iqfyl ds lgk;d FksA tc xksfy;k¡ pyrh Fkha]
rc Hkh os ejs vkSj ?kk;y euq";ksa ds cxy esa ugha fn[kk;h iM+rs Fks] oju blds
izfrdwy os iqfyl dk gh Hkkstu vkSj iku ls lRdkj djrs gq, ik;s tkrs FksA
fuLlUnsg ^ns'kHkfDr fdlh fo'ks"k leqnk; ;k oxZ dh gh oLrq ugha gSA* fdUrq
tehankj vius LokFkZ ds dkj.k jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu esa Hkkx ysus ls fcYdqy gh
i`Fkd jgrs FksA ;|fi ns'k ds vla[; fuokfl;ksa ds fy, LorU=krk dk vkUnksyu
vR;Ur vko';d Fkk vkSj ftlesa tehankjksa dks iw.kZ :i ls Hkkx ysuk pkfg, Fkk]
fdUrq vc rks mudk Hkkx ysuk ,d vko';d dke gks x;k gSA
tehankjksa dh vksj ls cgl djrs gq, egkjktkfèkjkt dgrs gSa] ^gedks
fo'okl gS fd gekjs izèkkueU=kh bl ckr dks Lohdkj djsaxs fd tehankjkssa us Hkh
ns'k dh mUufr esa xr o"kks± esa Hkkx fy;k] D;ksafd ge yksx fons'kh ugha gSa vkSj
gekjk lq[k vkSj nq%[k ns'k ds lq[k vkSj nq%[k ij fuHkZj djrk gSA* tehankjksa us
Hkkx fy;k gS\ vkSj fdles\a D;k ns'k dh mUufr es\a lpeqp gh ;g dguk cgqr
lkgl dk dke gS] fo'ks"kdj ml leqnk; dk tks lnSo fons'kh 'kkldksa ds lkFk
jgk vkSj ftlds LokFkZ ds fy, mldk tUe gqvk FkkA mu yksxksa us vxj dqN
fd;k gS rks vius LokFkZe; miHkksxksa esa rYyhu jgs gSa vkSj yksxksa ds d"V esa o`f¼
dh gSA D;k tehankjksa us fcgkj dh jk"Vªh; dyk esa enn igq¡pk;h gS\ D;k mUgksaus
jk"Vªh; laLÑfr dh vfHk#fp mRiUu dh gS\ os dgrs gSa fd os u`R; vkSj laxhr
ds cM+s laj{kd jgs gSa] fdUrq mudh laj{kdrk D;k dyk ds fufeÙk Fkh\ ,sls
yksxksa ls dyk vkSj lkfgR; dh mUufr dh vk'kk j[kuk fcYdqy O;FkZ gSA
tehankjh izFkk dks mBk nsus esa izfrdwy cgl djrs gq, egkjktkfèkjkt us
dgk] ¶eSa bl fl¼kUr dks ekuus ds fy, rS;kj ugha fd tehankjh izFkk uk'k dj
nsus ls fdlkuksa dk fgr gksxkA tehankjh izFkk cgqr fopkj ds ckn vkjEHk dh x;h
Fkh vkSj bldks mBk nsus ls izkUr dk lkjk lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd laxBu
dM+dM+kdj pw.kZ gks tk;sxkA bl izdkj dh ps"Vk ls vO;oLFkk ,oa v'kkfUr
iQSysxh rFkk tehankjksa vkSj fdlkuksa dh gh Hk;kog ifjfLFkfr gks tk;sxhA¸
fuLlUnsg tehankjh izFkk ds uk'k ls fdlkuksa dh vkfFkZd ,oa ekufld voLFkk
lqèkj tk;sxhA tehankjh izFkk xjhc fdlkuksa dh ghukoLFkk dk izèkku dkj.k gSA
xk¡oksa esa xjhc yksxksa ds vla[; nq%[k ds dkj.k gSaA tehankjksa ds lkeus mudh
tehankjh ugha pkfg, @ 45

voLFkk xqykeksa ls c<+dj ugha gSA tehankjksa dh vkKk ikrs gh mudks csxkj djuh
iM+rh gS vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd mudk thou vkSj izfr"Bk Hkh izk;% tehankjksa dh
fo"k;&okluk vkSj Øksèk ls lqjf{kr ugha gSA ;fn tehankjh izFkk esa dksbZ vkSj cqjkbZ
u gksrh rks Hkh yksxksa esa bruh uhp eukso`fÙk iSnk djuk gh blds uk'k djus ds
fy, dkiQh dkj.k FkkA
;g lcdks vPNh rjg ekywe gS fd tehankjh izFkk bZLV bf.M;k dEiuh us
viuh ekyxqtkjh olwy djus ds fy, dk;e dh Fkh] D;ksafd mu >a>Vksa ds
tekus esa fdlkuksa ls yxku olwy djuk dfBu FkkA tehankjh izFkk u rks fdlkuksa
dh vkfFkZd HkykbZ ds fy, vkSj u ns'k dh HkykbZ ds fy, dk;e dh x;h FkhA
bu tehankfj;ksa ls ;g ckr fl¼ gks pqdh gS fd og tehu ij O;FkZ dk Hkkj gS]
D;ksfa d tehu bruh cM+h tula[;k dk ikyu djus esa vleFkZ gSA iwt ¡ hifr;ksa dks
rks vius dy&dkj[kkuksa ds izcUèk esa dqN dke Hkh djuk iM+rk gS] fdUrq
tehankjksa dks rks viuh vkenuh gkfly djus esa dqN Hkh ugha djuk iM+rkA bruh
vkenuh fu;r gS vkSj lnSo budh bPNk ij fuHkZj gSA bu cM+s tehankjksa ds
lEcUèk esa ik'pkR; f'k{kk gkfu igq¡pkus okyh gh gqbZ gS] D;ksafd ik'pkR;
tehankjksa esa Hkh tks dqN cqjkb;k¡ izpfyr gSa] os buesa Hkh izos'k dj x;h gSaA
tehankj vkylh vkSj nwljksa ds Je ij fuHkZj djus okys ds flok; dqN ugha gaSA
lp iwfN;s rks tehankjh izFkk u rks lkekftd vkSj u vkfFkZd n`f"V ls gh mfpr
Bgjk;h tk ldrh gSA tc turk ds lq[k ds lkeus dksbZ fo?u vkrk gS rks mldk
uk'k djuk vko';d gSA vO;oLFkk vkSj v'kkfUr dk Hk; Hkh mu dk;ZdÙkkZvksa
dks] tks vius y{; ij igq¡pus dk n`<+ fu'p; dj pqds gSa] Hk;Hkhr ugha dj
ldrhA vO;oLFkk vkSj v'kkfUr dh èkedh ml lekt dh ftldh la[;k
(x.kuk) fcYdqy gh rqPN gS] tSls fd fcgkj ds tehankjksa dh gS vkSj ftuds
ikl u rks uSfrd vkSj u jktuhfrd 'kfDr gS] fofp=k gS vkSj ml oxZ ds fy,
vkRe?kkfruh gSA ge ;g tkurs gSa fd gekjs izkUr esa dqN ,sls tehankj gSa ftUgkssaus
xr pquko ds le; cgqr dqN v'kkfUr ls dke fy;k vkSj viuk tehankjh
jksc&nkc vc Hkh tkjh j[kuk pkgrs gSaA
ysfdu mudks ;g le> ysuk pkfg, fd ,slk djuk mudh e`R;q dk dkj.k
gksxkA mudks ;g tku ysuk pkfg, fd dsoy izkFkZuk vkSj fouezrk ls gh mUgsa
dqN lk¡l ysus dh txg fey ldrh gSA D;k mu yksxksa us vHkh ;g ugha le>k
gS fd ml oxZ dk leFkZu mUgksaus [kks fn;k tks vkt rd mudk leFkZu djrk
vk;k gS\ blesa 'kd ugha fd muds ikl #i;s dh 'kfDr gS] fdUrq ;fn bls os
ns'k dh meaxksa dks dqpyus esa [kpZ djsxa s rks ;g Hkh muds ikl ugha jgus ik;sxhA
muds lHkkifr us dgk] ¶ge yksx vklkuh ls vius U;k;iw.kZ vfèkdkjksa dks
fdlh oxZ dh pkg dh izfr"Bk djus ds fy, ugha NksM+ ldrs] pkgs og oxZ
fdruk gh cgqla[;d vkSj fpYykus okyk D;ksa u gksA¸ ;g tehankjksa dh ,d
nwljh fouez ij tksjnkj èkedh gSA Ñi;k os ;g rks cryk;sa fd muds U;k;iw.kZ
vfèkdkj dkSu&ls gSa\ mUgksaus vius ekfydksa ds fy, mi;ksfxrk dk thou
fcrk;k gS] vc ekfydksa esa ifjorZu gks x;kA vc os fiQj vius vfLrRo dks
U;k;iw.kZ fl¼ djsaA bl oxZ ds ftrus iq#"k ;k L=kh gSa] mudk vfLrRo dsoy
lekt dh n;k gh ij fuHkZj gSA
nsj djus dh pkysa O;FkZ gSa
nsj djus dh pkysa u pysaxhA vij pSEcj ls mUgsa cgqr vk'kk u j[kuh pkfg,A
lcls igys rks vij pSEcj dks ljdkj ds fdlh izLrko dks vfuf'pr dky
rd LFkfxr djus dk vfèkdkj ugha gSA mudks fufnZ"V le; ds Hkhrj fdlh
ckr dk fuiVkjk dj nsuk gksxk] ugha rks 'kh?kz gh nksuksa dkSaflyksa dh lfEefyr
cSBd gksxhA vxj ;g Hkh eku ysa fd vij pSEcj dh pkyas liQy gks tk;sa rks
Hkh ljdkj bldks pqipki cnkZ'r u dj ysxhA og nwljk pquko djok ldrh gS
ftlesa tehankjksa dh cqjh xfr gksxhA
nwljh ckr ;g ;kn j[kus dh gS fd dkaxszl NksVs tehankjksa ds lkFk cM+ksa ls
fcYdqy fHkUu O;ogkj djuk pkgrh gSA NksVs tehankj ftudh vkenuh 10]000
ls de gS] oÙkZeku ljdkj ds gkFkksa ls cM+s tehankj dh vis{kk cgqr vPNs
O;ogkj dh vk'kk j[k ldrs gSaA mUgsa Ñf"k&VSDl dk Hk; u gksuk pkfg,A nwljh
rjiQ mudks jS;rksa dk [k;ky j[kuk pkfg, vkSj ljdkj dks fdlkuksa dh n'kk
lqèkkjus okys dkuwuksa ls lgk;rk igq¡pkuh pkfg,A dyk&dkS'ky lEcUèkh tks u;h
;kstuk,¡ rS;kj gks x;ha] muesa mUgsa Hkfo"; ds fy, cgqr dqN lqvolj iznku
fd;k tk;sxkA tc lekt dh lEifÙk dk jk"Vªh; ;k lkekftd :i nsus dk Hkh
ekSdk vk;sxk] rks ;g fopkj fd;k tk;sxk fd buds }kjk NksVs tehankjksa dks fo'ks"k
d"V u igq¡ps] fdUrq ;fn ;s cM+s tehankjksa ds }kjk cgdk;s tk;saxs] tks fd vc
rd mudks vius cjkcj ugha ekurs Fks] rks bldk vko';d ifj.kke bUgsa Hkksxuk
gksxkA vxj NksVs tehankj fopkjiwoZd vius Hkfo"; dks lkspsaxs] rks mUgsa ;g irk
py tk;sxk fd mudk fgr gSA dkaxzsl efU=ke.My turk ds fgr ds fy, tks
dqN dkuwu cuk;sxk] mlh ds leFkZu esaA tehankjksa dks ;g vk'kk ugha j[kuh
pkfg, fd os dkaxszl esa fdlh rjg dk Hksn Mky ldsaxsA cy dk iz;ksx muds
oxZ dh gR;k djus okyk gksxkA Åij dh dkSafly esa pkysa pydj os dqN nsj
tehankjh ugha pkfg, @ 47

djk ldrs gSa_ ysfdu vUr esa tks ckrsa eSaus dgh gSa] mlesa dksbZ Hksn ugha iM+sxkA
;|fi ;g vk'kk djuk fcYdqy fiQtwy gS fd vn`"V :i ls fczVsu dh
ljdkj ;k lkezkT;oknh mudh lgk;rk djsaxs] rFkkfi 'kk;n muds ân;ksa esa ,slh
vk'kk gks] os 'kk;n ;g lksp jgs gksa fd bl foèkku dks mBkdj ;k dkaxszl
efU=ke.My dks rksM+dj os vius eryc dks lkèk ldsaxsA ysfdu og fcYdqy
O;FkZ gSA ljdkj dks dkaxzsl ds lkFk lqyg djuh gh iM+sxhA ,d ;k nks ckj
dkaxzsl efU=ke.My dks rksM+us esa tehankjksa dk mís'; fl¼ u gksxkA feÏ dk
oÝn efU=ke.My nks ckj rksM+k x;k] fdUrq vUr esa fczfV'k ljdkj dks LFkk;h
'kfUr ds fy, izkFkZuk djuh gh iM+h vkSj ihNs ge yksx oÝn usrkvksa vkSj feÏ
ds izèkkueU=kh dk fczVsu ds cM+s ls cM+s iq#"kksa }kjk Lokxr gksrs ikrs gSaA Lo;a
fczVsu us gh feÏ dk uke jk"Vªla?k esa lnL; cukus ds fy, mifLFkr fd;k vkSj
bl le; feÏ jk"Vªl?a k esa baXyS.M vkSj nwljs jk"Vªl?a k ds lnL;ksa ds lkFk cjkcjh
dh gSfl;r j[kus okyk lnL; gSA feÏ dk HkkX; igys ds fonzksgh oÝn ds gkFk
esa gSA fczVsu dh nwjnf'kZrk ls lc ifjfpr gSa vkSj ;g lHkh dks ekywe gS fd
vHkh ;k dqN nsj ls fczVsu dkaxzsl ds lkFk vo'; lqyg djsxkA
lcls vPNk tehankjksa ds fy, jkLrk ;g gS fd dqN ys&nsdj os vius gd
dks NksM+ nsaA ml nzO; ds lkFk os u;s thou dk vkjEHk dj ldrs gSa vkSj ns'k
esa vkS|ksfxd ;kstuk esa vius #i;s yxk ldrs gSaA LokFkZ&j{kk ds fy, fczVsu ds
tehankjksa dk mnkgj.k nsuk O;FkZ gSA fczVsu ds vfèkdka'k yksx vkS|ksfxd {ks=kksa esa
yxs gSaA de ls de vkèks fdlku Hkh ;fn vkS|ksfxd {ks=kksa esa j[ks tk ldsa rks
gekjs tehankj fczVsu ds tehankj dk mnkgj.k ns ldrs gSaA ns'k esa vkS|ksfxd
;kstuk ds fy, tehankj izFkk dk uk'k gksuk ,d cM+k Hkkjh vk'khokZn gksxk]
D;ksafd bl vuqRiknu ds O;olk; esa dksbZ #i;k u yxk;sxk_ vkSj tks #i;s
feysaxs_ os u;s vkSj vkS|ksfxd O;olk;ksa esa yxk;s tk;saxs rFkk gtkjksa vkylh
fnekx&gkFk viuh 'kfDr jk"Vªh; m|ksx èkUèkksa dh mUufr djus esa yxkus ds fy,
ckè; gksaxsA
···
7
fdlkuks lkoèkku!
Hkkjrh; fdlkuksa dh vkfFkZd O;oLFkk fdruh fxjh gqbZ gS] bldk irk mUgsa
ugha gSA tks yksx mldh Js.kh ls ckgj ds gSa] mudks Hkh bldk [k;ky ugha gks
ldrkA gekjs fdlkuksa dh xjhch dh rqyuk ds fy, gesa Hkkjr ls ckgj ds
fdlkuksa dh vk£Fkd voLFkk tkuus dh t+:jr gSA ,slh fxjh gqbZ n'kk esa igq¡ps
gq, fdlkuksa dks dkaxzsl us tkx`fr] thou vkSj vkRelEeku dk lUns'k fn;k] os
tkxsA oSls rks Hkkjr ds vkSj izkUrksa esa Hkh fdlkuksa esa tkx`fr gqb]Z ysfdu fcgkj ds
fdlkuksa dh tkx`fr vf}rh; gSA ;gk¡ os cgqr dqN laxfBr Hkh gSaA fcgkj esa
cM+h&cM+h tehankfj;ksa vkSj bLrejkjh cUnkscLr gksus ds dkj.k fdlkuksa vkSj
tehankjksa dk foHkkx Li"V FkkA nksuksa Jsf.k;k¡ vius LokFkZ] lq[k&nq%[k vkSj
lkekftd lEcUèk esa ,d&nwljs ls bruh fHkUu Fkha fd dkaxzsl vkUnksyu dks ml
foHkktd lhek ij iDdh eqgj yxkus ds fy, cgqr iz;Ru ugha djuk iM+kA mls
fliQZ èkwfey ckrksa dks Li"V djk nsuk dkiQh Fkk vkSj og mlus djk fn;kA fcgkj
ds fdlkuksa dh 'kfDr fdruh izcy gS] bldk [k;ky 'kk;n gekjs usrk] tks vkt
?kqy&feydj cM+s&cMs+s tehankjksa ds lkFk pk;&ikuh djrs rFkk gkFk feyk jgs gSa]
mudks Hkh ugha vkSj lkèkkj.k fdlku dks Hkh bldk irk ugha gSA gk¡] gekjs
fdlku&dk;ZdÙkkZ bl 'kfDr dks tkurs gSa vkSj iwjh rkSj ls ml 'kfDr dk Kku rks
lkE;okfn;ksa dks gh gksuk pkfg,] vkSj gSA fdlkuksa dh dfBukb;k¡ vkSj d"V
dkYifud ugha gSa ftudks fd vki yPNsnkj ckrksa ;k cgkuksa ls nwj dj ldrs gSa
;k mUgsa lUrq"V dj ldrs gSaA fdlku èkks[ks esa ugha vk ldrs] D;ksafd og thHk
fgyk nsus ;k L;kgh ls dkxt dkyk dj nsus ek=k ls lq[kh ugha fd;s tk ldrsA
1921 ls gh mUgksaus dkaxszlokyksa ds mins'k lqus gSa vkSj bldk Hkh mUgksaus dqN
Kku izkIr fd;k fd dSls os vUu&oL=kfoghu gks d"Ve; thou fcrk jgs gSaA os
dkaxzsl ds efU=k;ksa dh ,d Hkh rlYyh nsus dh ckr ugha lqusaxs] os rks iwNsaxs µ
igys vkèkk isV [kkuk feyrk Fkk] vkt gesa ikSu isV [kkuk ns jgs gks ;k ugha\
fdlkuks lkoèkku! @ 49
igys gesa lky&Hkj ,d èkksrh ls xqtkjk djuk iM+rk Fkk] vkidh otg ls gesa
èkksrh ds lkFk ,d vaxkSNk Hkh feyus tk jgk gS ;k ugha\ lkjka'k ;g fd os
vkids dke dks izR;{k ns[kuk pkgsaxsA
lqurs gS]a vki tehankjksa ds lkFk le>kSrk djuk pkgrs gSAa efU=k;ksa esa tehankj
gh vfèkd gSa] blds ckjs esa Hkh yksx dkukiQwlh dj jgs gSaA esjh le> esa efU=k;ksa
ij LokFkhZ gksus dk ykaNu ugha yxk;k tk ldrkA ysfdu lEcUèk] nksLrh vkSj
gsy&esy dkiQh izHkko Mkyrs gSaA ysfdu nqHkkZX; ls rks gekjs ;gk¡ 'kknh&lEcUèk
vkSj tkr&ik¡r dk lEcUèk Hkh bl fo"k; esa cM+k cqjk vlj djrk gSA tehankjksa
dks gesa gVk nsuk gS vkSj ftruh tYnh gks mruhA muds lkFk gekjs usrk le>kSrk
djuk pkgrs gSa vkSj og le>kSrk fu'p; gh fdlkuksa ds uke ls fd;k tk;sxkA
fdlkuksa ds oksV ls gh dkaxl sz us xouZe.s V dks vius gkFk esa fy;k gSA fdlku gh
eU=kh vkSj esEcj cukus okys gSaA blfy, os tks le>kSrk djsaxs] mls fdlkuksa dh
vksj ls le>k tk;sxk vkSj ;g le>kSrk tehankj yksx vius vfèkdkj ds pkVZj ds
rkSj ij is'k djsxa As
fdlkuksa ds fy, lcls [krjukd le; bl oDr vk;k gS] D;kssafd mudh
rjiQ ls x;s izfrfufèk dqN djus dk vfèkdkj j[krs gSaA vkSj vc] tc os dqN
dj nsaxs] mudks gVkus ds fy, cgqr dfBukbZ >syuh iM+sxhA ml fnu vlsEcyh
ds mn~?kkVu ds le; 50 gtkj fdlkuksa dh Hkkjh HkhM+ dks ns[kdj tehankjksa ds
dysts ij lk¡i yksV tkuk rks LokHkkfod gh Fkk] ysfdu mlls gekjs usrkvksa dks
Hkh de v#fp ugha gqbZA os dgrs gSa µ D;k fdlkuksa dks ge ij fo'okl ugha
gS\ D;k ge fdlkuksa ds vkneh ugha gSa\ mlds mÙkj esa eSa dgw¡xk fd ftu yksxksa
dks Hkhrj dh ckrsa dqN vfèkd ekywe gS]a os rks blh oDr ls fpfUrr vkSj lrdZ
gks x;s gSa vkSj lkèkkj.k turk dks Hkh ;g tkuus esa nsj u yxsxh fd vxj fdlku
ltx u jgsaxs] vkSj vius vfèkdkj ds fy, cM+h ls cM+h dqckZuh djus dks rS;kj
u gksaxs] rks èkks[kk [kk;saxsA cM+s&cM+s tehankj [kwc vPNh rjg tkurs gSa fd mudh
Js.kh ds fy, ;g tUe&ej.k dk loky gSA muds ikl vxj gfFk;kj gksrs rks os
[kqyh yM+kbZ yM+rs] ysfdu mlds fy, rks xqatkb'k gh ughaA ,d cM+s izHkko'kkyh
tehankj usrk us rks] pkgs bls csodwiQh lef>;s] ,dkèk dkaxzsl efU=k;ksa dks jkLrs
ls gVk nsus dh jk; Hkh is'k dh FkhA
lksfp;s] dkaxszlh efU=ke.My tks cgqr Mj&Hk; [kkdj tehankjksa dh
vkenuh ij dj cSBkus tk jgk gS] mlls tehankjksa dks 30&40 yk[k #i;k vkSj
nsuk gksxkA gekjs fglkc ls rks mls nks djksM+ gksuk pkfg,A rks D;k brus #i;ksa dks
tehankj [kq'kh ls tkus nsaxs\ vkSj blls Hkh c<+dj rks [kqn tehankjh izFkk ds Åij
gh uaxh ryokj yVd jgh gS! rks D;k blds fy, os pqipki jgsaxs\ os viuh
lkjh 'kfDr yxk jgs gSaA lke] nke] n.M] Hksn lHkh lksp jgs gSaA tgk¡ fj'or nsus
dh t:jr gksxh] ogk¡ os yk[kksa dk rksM+k [kksy nsaxsA tgk¡ tkr&HkkbZ ds loky ls
dke pysxk] ogk¡ mlds mi;ksx ls Hkh os ckt ugha vk;sxa As fdlkuks] lkoèkku gks
tkvks vkSj vk¡[k [kksydj ns[krs jgks fd rqEgkjs izfrfufèk rqEgkjs fo#¼ dksbZ dke
u dj ldsaA
dkaxzsl igys vius izfrfufèk;ksa dks xouZes.V ds yksxksa dh pk;&ikVhZ rFkk
muls cgqr gsy&esy feykus ds fo#¼ jghA eSa le>rk gw¡ fd ogh ckr vc
dkaxzsl dks µ ftldh 'kfDr fdlkuksa ij fuHkZj gS µ vius izfrfufèk;ksa dks
tehankjksa ls ?kfu"Brk iSnk djus ls jksdus ds fy, cjruk pkfg, ugha rks bldk
cgqr cqjk vlj gksxkA
fdlkuksa ds bl igys izn'kZu ls gh Åij ds dqN usrk fp<+ x;s gSAa vHkh rks
mUgsa blls cM+s&cM+s izn'kZuksa ds fy, rS;kj jguk pkfg,A 'kk;n dy dkaxszlh
efU=ke.My nks&pkj cgkus <w¡<+dj lykeh&lfVZfiQdsV dks Hkh j[kus tk jgk gSA
tehankjh izFkk ds mBkus rFkk tehu ij de ls de tksrus okys gh dk gd
fnykus dh ckr rks nwj jgh] vxj dksbZ bl rjg dh detksjh efU=k;ksa us
fn[kyk;h rks fdlku fiQj v¡èksjs esa ugha jgsaxsA fiNyk izn'kZu rks ,d&c&,d
gqvk FkkA mlds fy, fo'ks"k laxBu ;k izpkj fd;k x;k FkkA ysfdu vxys tkM+kas
dh cSBd esa lkjs izkUr ds fdlkuksa dk ,d laxfBr izn'kZu iVuk esa gksuk pkfg,A
blds fy, fdlku dk;ZdrkZvksa dks igys ls rS;kjh djuh pkfg,A fcgkj izkUr ds
gjsd ftys ls ugha] gjsd Fkkus ls pqus gq, fdlkuksa dh Vksfy;k¡ iSny pysa vkSj
muds Bgjus vkfn dk LFkku igys ls fuf'pr dj fn;k tk;sA dgk¡ ij ,d
ftys dh lkjh Vksfy;k¡ bdV~Bh gksa] bls Hkh igys ls r; dj fy;k tk;s vkSj
fiQj lHkh fdlku dc iVuk esa ,df=kr gksrs gSa] bldk Hkh fu'p; dj fy;k
tk;sA Vksfy;k¡ jkg pyrs gj txg fdlkuksa ds vfèkdkj vkSj drZO; dk izpkj
djrh vkosaA lkFk gh ;ksX; usrkvksa ds vèkhu brus fnuksa dh ;k=kk esa mUgsa
vuq'kklu dk ikyu djus rFkk laxfBr gksus dk Hkh vPNk volj feysxkA
,d yk[k fdlkuksa dks ml fnu iVuk esa tek dj nsuk dksbZ eqf'dy u
gksxkA ysfdu la[;k pkgs ftruh gks] iw.kZ rFkk laxfBr gksuh pkfg,A muds tqyl w
ds ns[kus ls gh] ftlesa ekywe gks tk;s fd os fdl ftys] fdl Fkkus ls vk;s gSa]
bldk Hkh izcUèk gksuk pkfg,A fdlkuksa dh ek¡xksa dks Li"V] lkns&lkns 'kCnksa esa
fy[kdj gjsd Fkkus ds vfèkd ls vfèkd fdlkuksa ds nLr[kr ;k fu'kku
djokus pkfg, vkSj ;s lkjs nLr[kr fd;s gq, dkxt ,d lUnwd esa cUn dj mls
fdlkuks lkoèkku! @ 51
nks fdlku vius dUèks ij vkxs&vkxs ys pysAa ml cDl ds lkeus diM+s ij eksVs
v{kjksa esa fdrus fdlkuksa ds nLr[kr gSa] mudh la[;k rFkk Fkkuk vkSj ftys dk
uke jguk pkfg, ftlesa n'kZd dks iwNus dh t:jr u gksA
,d ftys dh Vksyh ds bdV~Bk gksus ij Fkkus&Fkkus dh Vksfy;k¡ vkxs&ihNs
pysa vkSj gjsd Fkkus dh Vksyh ds lkFk mlds nLr[krksa dk cDl gksA ftys dh
nLr[krksa dh la[;k dks ftys ds lkbu cksMZ ds lkFk fn[kyk;k tk;s vkSj mlh
rjg fdlku&;kf=k;ksa dh la[;k dks HkhA ;g lc blfy, gksuk pkfg, fd yksx
le> tk;sa fd iVuk esa ftrus yksx vk;s gS]a os gh fdlkuksa ds vfèkdkj ds fy,
ugha rS;kj gSa] cfYd muds ihNs cgqr Hkkjh tula[;k gS vkSj ;fn mls jksdk u
tkrk rks izn'kZu dbZ xquk vfèkd cM+k gksrkA
fdlkuksa vkSj [ksfrgj etnwjksa dk vfèkdkj vUr esa vkdj ,d gh leL;k
ds nks :i gSa µ blesa 'kd ugha fd [ksfrgj&etnwjksa dh voLFkk 'kkspuh; gS vkSj
mldk gy gksuk pkfg,A ysfdu gesa [k;ky j[kuk pkfg, fd ge lHkh ØkfUr;k¡
,d lkFk ugha dj ldrsA dksbZ lHkh {ks=kksa esa ,d lkFk ugha yM+ ldrkA
[ksfrgj&etnwjksa dks fdlkukssa ls yM+kus ds fy, tehankj dksj&dlj ckdh ugha
yxk jgs gSa vkSj tehankjksa dks oksV fnykus ds fy, nkSM+us okyksa ;k dkaxszl dk
fojksèk djus okys yksxksa ds fny esa ftl izdkj [ksfrgj&etnwjksa ds izfr n;k
NyNyk vk;h gS] mlls rks fdlkuksa vkSj [ksfrgj&etnwjksa nksuksa dks lkoèkku gks
tkuk pkfg,A
fcgkj us dbZ ckj ns'k dk iFk&izn'kZu fd;k gS] bl ckj mlds fdlku
Hkkjr ds fdlkuksa dks jkLrk fn[kk;saA
···
8
vNwrksa dks D;k pkfg,\
vius dks mPp oxZ dgus okys yksx gfjtuksa ds lkFk tks O;ogkj djrs gSa]
og fdlh Hkh fons'kh ds fy,] tks bl ns'k esa u vk pqdk gks] vlá vkSj le>
esa ugha vkus yk;d gSA mu ij èkkfeZd vR;kpkj dh ijkdk"Bk rks rc gksrh gS
tc mUgsa dksbZ ,slk is'kk] ftlds }kjk os viuh thfodk iSnk dj lds]a ugha djus
fn;k tkrkA iulkjh dh nqdku] feBkbZ dh nqdku vkSj Hkkstuky; (gksVy)
[kksyus dh rks ckr gh ugha] diM+s vkSj jklk;fud nzO;ksa dh nqdku Hkh os ugha
[kksy ldrsA ;fn [kksysa Hkh] rks dqN gh fnuksa esa mudk fnokyk fudys fcuk ugha
jgsA Hkkjr dh vfèkdka'k turk dh thfodk Ñf"k gh gS] fdUrq cgqr de
gfjtuksa ds ikl viuh tehu gSA ftu FkksM+s ls gfjtuksa ds ikl dqN tehu gS
Hkh] og Hkh dqN dV~Bs gh gS] fldeh] Hkkoyh izFkkuqlkj os tc pkgsa csn[ky
fd;s tk ldrs gSAa bl 'krkCnh ds izkjEHk ls gekjs dqN usrkvksa us gfjtuksa ij gksus
okys vR;kpkjksa dk fopkj djuk izkjEHk fd;k gSA lp iwfN;s rks egkRek xk¡èkh ds
mRFkku ds iwoZ gekjs bu Hkkb;ksa ds vH;qn; ds iz'u ij xEHkhjrk ls fopkj gh
ugha fd;k x;k FkkA fdUrq vHkh bl fo"k; esa ftruk è;ku fn;k tkrk gS] og
dkiQh ugha gSaA ;fn Hkkjro"kZ ds lkjs efUnj vNwrksa ds fy, [kksy fn;s tk;sa rks
Hkh og leL;k gy ugha gks ldrhA Hkkjro"kZ dh lhek ds ckgj mudh nfjnzrk
dh miek fey ugha ldrhA fdUrq Hkkjr dh lhek ds Hkhrj Hkh vNwrksa dh tks
nfjnzrk gS] og vfpUR; gSA gfjtu µ tks vfèkdrj [ksr&etnwj gSa µ xqykeksa ls
vPNh ifjfLFkfr esa ugha gSaA FkksM+s ls #i;s mèkkj ysdj mUgsa viuk 'kjhj csapuk
iM+rk gSA muds ekfyd] mudh dsoy os gh vko';drk,¡ iwjh djrs gSa ftuls
os dsoy izk.k èkkj.k dj ldsaA iq'rsa chr tkrh gSa] fdUrq og dtZ dHkh vnk
ugha gksrkA dke [kkstus esa mUgsa viuk LorU=k vfèkdkj ughaA fuLlUnsg muesa ls
dqN nwljs&nwljs izkUrksa] caxky vkfn esa] thfodksiktZu ds fy, pys tkrs gSa]
fdUrq mudh dekbZ dk ,d cM+k va'k muds ekfydksa vkSj xk¡o ds lwn[kksjksa dh
vNwrksa dks D;k pkfg,\ @ 53

HksaV p<+ tkrk gSA
Hkkjro"kZ ds vU;kU; xzkeh.kksa dh Hkk¡fr] mudks vius xzkeksa ls bruk izes gksrk
gS fd viuh nfjnz >ksifM+;ksa dk ifjR;kx djuk muds fy, vlEHko gSA lgÏksa
o"kks± ls xk¡o ds dqyhu O;fDr;ksa vkSj muds vuqpjksa us ,slh izFkk dk;e dj j[kh
gS ftuls gfjtu cp ugha ldrsA jktn.M ls cpuk gfjtuksa ds fy, lEHko gks
ldrk gS] fdUrq bu vekuqf"kd izFkkvksa ds gFkd.Mksa ls mUgsa NqVdkjk ughaA jgus]
lksus] ?kj ds ik=k] oL=k ;k Nkrk ds miHkksx djus esa Hkh cgqr rjg ds cUèku gSaA
os bu izFkkvksa ds izfrdwy Vl ls el ugha dj ldrsA ;fn djsa rks xzke&lekt
mUgsa n.M fn;s fcuk ugha NksM+saxsA uxjksa esa mUgsa dqN LorU=krk feyrh gS] fdUrq
xzke dk ok;qe.My xyk?kksaVw gSA
;fn vki gfjtuksa ds izfrfnu ds thou dks è;kuiwoZd ns[ksa rks ;g le>
ldrs gaS fd mudh oÙkZeku voLFkk gh n;uh; ugha gS] cfYd mudk Hkfo";
Hkh cM+k gh vUèkdkjiw.kZ gSA vr,o mlesa ekSfyd ifjorZu dh vko';drk gSA
vkfFkZd LorU=krk gh lHkh LorU=krkvksa dh tuuh gS vkSj ml LorU=krk dh
Nk;k Hkh bu vHkkxksa ls nwj j[kh tkrh gS rks buds mTToy Hkfo"; dh vk'kk ge
D;ksadj dj ldrs gSaA
muds fy, efUnjksa ds }kj [kksyus ds fy, izpkj djus esa gesa le; ugha
[kksuk pkfg,A ;g dke dsoy O;FkZ gh ugha] cfYd [kqn gfjtuksa ds fy,
[krjukd Hkh gSA ;g iqjksfgrksa dh pkykdh vkSj èkekZUèkrk gh gS tks fd mudh
oÙkZeku vèkksxfr dk dkj.k gSA bu ljy euq";ksa dks ,slh ljy lLrh vkS"kfèk u
nhft;sA iqtkjh] èkeZ vkSj efUnj dks tgUuqe esa tkus nhft;sA vxj vkids lkeus
vius ns'k vkSj vius fy, dksbZ lPpk vkn'kZ gS] rks mudh vkfFkZd fo"kerkvksa
dk vè;;u dhft;s vkSj mudks nwj djus dh ps"Vk dhft;sA gekjs izkUr esa 65
yk[k ls vfèkd gfjtu gSaA muesa 5 yk[k ls vfèkd fdlku ds :i esa ugha Hkh
jg ldrsA vc iz'u ;g gS fd ckdh 60 yk[k dh n'kk dSls lqèkkjh tk;s\ gekjs
cgqr&ls ftyksa esa vfèkdka'k tehu [ksr gks pqdh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] lkju
ftys dk {ks=kiQy 2683 oxZehy gS ftlesa 2058 oxZehy vFkkZr 1317120
,dM+ esa igys ls gh [ksrh gksrh gSA 202 oxZehy vFkkZr 129230 ,dM+ [ksrh
ds yk;d ugha gSA dsoy 165 oxZehy vFkkZr 105600 ,dM+ tehu ,slh gS tks
[ksrh djus ds yk;d gSA fdUrq fiQj eosf'k;ksa ds fy, pjkxkg dk izcUèk djuk
gksxkA vxj lewph tehu mudh 2486468 tula[;k esa ck¡V nh tk;s rks vkèkk
,dM+ izfr euq"; iM+rh gS rks brus ls rks dsoy thou&;k=kk Hkh ugha py
ldrhA vc bl tula[;k esa 271000 vNwr gSaA blls Li"V gS fd tc tehu
dh cpr ugha ik;h tk ldrh tks bu nks yk[k ls vfèkd [ksfrgj&etnwjksa esa
ck¡Vh tk ldsA
(1)
Ñf"k ds fy, Hkwfe dk izcUèk
ysfdu ljdkj ,d ckr dj ldrh gSA og mu cM+s&cM+s tehankjksa] ftudh
thfodk [ksrh ugha gS] dh cdk'r tehu dks ysdj bu gfjtuksa eas ck¡V ldrh
gSA vfèkd ls vfèkd tehu] ,d vkneh dks fdruh feyuh pkfg,] ljdkj
bldk fu'p; dj ns vkSj vfèkd ls vfèkd gfjtuksa ds lkFk tehu dk
cUnkscLr dj nsA ysfdu tSlk fd igys dgk tk pqdk gS] cgqr&ls cM+s&cM+s
ftyksa es]a tSls lkju] pEikju] njHkaxk vkSj eqtÝiQjiqj esa Ñf"k ds yk;d ftruh
tehu gS] og tksrh tk pqdh gSA vr,o gfjtuksa esa og ugha ck¡Vh tk ldrhA
ysfdu fcgkj ds vkSj fgLlksa esa dqN ,sls ftys gks ldrs gSa tgk¡ [ksrh ds yk;d
tehu gSA ljdkj dks ,slh tehu dk vUnkt dj ysuk pkfg, vkSj mls gfjtuksa
esa ck¡V nsuk pkfg,A ;fn ge 'kh?kzrk ls gfjtuksa dh n'kk lqèkkjuk pkgrs gSa rks ;g
vko';d gS fd ge muds lkFk mDr izdkj dk u;k cUnkscLr djsaA bl izdkj
ls xk¡o ds iqjkus [k;ky okyksa dh ckèkkvkas ls ge gfjtuksa dks cpk ldrs gSaA
blls mPp o.kZokyksa dks cgqr&lh f'k{kk,¡ feysaxhA jk¡ph] gtkjhckx vkSj iykew
bR;kfn ftyksa esa] ftuesa ?kuh vkcknh ugha gS] cgqr ls [ksfrgj&etnwj vklkuh ls
clk;s tk ldrs gSa] ;fn ljdkj bl ekeys dks xEHkhjrk ls vius gkFk esa ysA
[ksrh ds fy, ^vNwr* cgqr ifjJeh etnwj gSa vkSj ;fn lg;ksx lfefr;ksa dh
lgk;rk ls muds ifjJe dk lPpk vkSj Bhd mi;ksx fd;k tk;s rks ,sls izcUèk
ds fy, ftrus èku dh vko';drk gksxh] mldh iwfÙkZ gksus esa nsj u yxsxh]
D;ksafd ifjJe gh rks èku gSA
(2)
x`g&f'kYi
'kgjksa vkSj dLcksa esa muds fy, cfLr;k¡ clkuh pkfg,A mu yksxksa dks ,sls
x`g&f'kYiksa ds mi;ksxh rjhds fl[kk;s tkus pkfg, ftuesa dysa fcuk fctyh ds
;k fctyh ds }kjk mi;ksx esa yk;h tk ldrh gksaA 'kgjksa vkSj dLcksa esa vkus ij
os xk¡oksa dh ladh.kZrk ls eqDr gks tkrs gSa vkSj ;gk¡ thou dks u;s rkSj ls vkjEHk
dj ldrs gSaA vxj os vkfFkZd n`f"V ls mUur cu tk;sa µ f'k{kk izkIr djsa vkSj
vNwrksa dks D;k pkfg,\ @ 55

LokLF; ,oa liQkbZ dk [k;ky j[ksa rks Nwr&Nkr dk vfLrRo cgqr fnuksa rd
ugha jg ldrkA bu vkn'kZ cfLr;ksa esa ;fn dksbZ mPp o.kZ dk dqVqEc jguk pkgs
rks mldks bl 'krZ ij jgus nsuk pkfg, fd og gfjtuksa ds lkFk cjkcjh dk
O;ogkj j[ks vkSj muds ifjJe dk vuqfpr mi;ksx u djsA
(3)
ljdkjh dy&dkj[kkus
dkaxzsl us vius gkFk esa izkUr ds 'kklu dh ckxMksj ys yh gS] fdUrq gekjh
oÙkZeku vko';drk,¡ bruh vfèkd vkSj lkèku brus de gSa fd gekjs efU=k;ksa ds
fy, turk dh HkykbZ djus dh pkg gksus ij Hkh mudh n'kk lqèkkjuk vklku
dke u gksxkA ljdkj dh yxHkx frgkbZ vkenuh vkcdkjh ls gksrh gSA o"kks± ls
dkaxzsl bl vkenuh ds izfrdwy izpkj dj jgh FkhA bl lewph vkenuh dks bl
le; R;kx nsuk O;kogkfjd uhfrKrk ugha le>h tk;sxhA fdUrq ;fn og lewph
vkenuh j[k yh tk;s] rks jk"Vª ds iqufuZekZ.k ds fy, og dkiQh u gksxhA ge
yksxksa dks vkenuh dk u;k rjhdk lkspuk pkfg, vkSj ;fn dqN foykflrk dh
phtksa ds fuekZ.k] mnkgj.kkFkZ flxjsV dks ljdkj ds gkFkksa esa fn;k tk;s rks ljdkj
dh vk; c<+ ldrh gSA ;wjksi ds cgqr ls ns'k flxjsV ij fo'ks"k dj yxk;s gq,
gSa_ ysfdu ge yksxksa ds fy, tkiku dk vkn'kZ lkeus j[kuk pkfg, tgk¡ fd
flxjsV cukus dk lewpk O;kikj ljdkj ds gkFk esa gSA ge yksxksa dk izkUr Hkh
ogh dke dj ldrk gSA gekjs izkUr esa rEckdw dkiQh mRiUu gksrh gSA ljdkj
dks ;g O;kikj vius gkFk esa ys ysuk pkfg,A og fiNM+h tkfr;ksa dks ,sls
dkj[kkuksa esa dke nsdj lgk;rk igq¡pk ldrh gSA lkjka'k ;g fd Hkfo"; dh
vkS|ksfxd ;kstuk esa ljdkj gfjtuksa dks vfèkd ls vfèkd vkxs c<+us dk
volj iznku djsA
···
9
[ksfrgj&etnwj
tc ls fdlku vkUnksyu us tksj idM+k gS] rc ls tehankj Js.kh fdlkuksa

dh 'kfDr dks detksj djus ds ckjs esa fopkj djus ds fy, etcwj gqbZ gSA
fo'ks"kdj fiNys pquko ds ckn tc mUgksaus ns[k fy;k fd gqdwer muds gkFk ls
tk jgh gS ftudh uhao fdlkuksa ij gS] rc ls mUgsa vkSj Hkh fpUrk gks x;h gSA
Hksn&uhfr lcls tcjnLr vkSj vklku uhfr gSA blh ds vkèkkj ij tehankjksa us
[ksfrgj&etnwj vkUnksyu dks oSls gh mBkuk pkgk tSls fd fiNys pquko esa
mUgksaus f=kos.kh&la?k dks lykg vkSj lcls c<+dj #i;ksa ls enn nh FkhA ogk¡ rks
os ukdke;kc jgs] ysfdu vc mudh 'kfDr Hkhrj gh Hkhrj [ksfrgj&etnwj ny
dks [kM+k djus esa yx jgh gSA tehankjksa us blds fy, dqN #i;k [kpZ fd;k vkSj
vHkh os [kpZ djsxa As vHkh blh oDr [ksfrgj&etnwj ny dh nks ikfVZ;k¡ cu pqdh
gSaA esjk rks ml fnu ekFkk Budk Fkk tc eSaus ns[kk fd tehankjksa ls #i;k ysdj
pquko esa mUgsa oksV fnykus ds fy, fudys gq, nks lTtu vc [ksfrgj etnwj ny
dk >.Mk mBk jgs gSaA eSa ;g ugha dgrk fd [ksfrgj&etnwj dks d"V ugha gS]
mudh f'kdk;rsa >wBh gSa] mudks vieku dk thou ugha fcrkuk iM+ jgk gS]
ysfdu gesa ns[kuk gksxk fd gekjs dk;Z esa liQyrk dSls feysxh\ tehankj
fdlkuksa ds gh LokFkZ ds fojksèkh ugha gSa] [ksfrgj&etnwjksa ds fy, Hkh os oSls gh
gSaA [ksfrgj&etnwj vxj etnwj jguk pkgrs gSa rks mudh osru&o`f¼ rHkh lEHko
gS tc fdlkuksa dh vkenuh c<+sA ;fn os fdlku cuuk pkgrs gSa rks ns[kuk gksxk
fd muds fy, tehu dgk¡ ls vk;sxh\ ftu fdlkuksa ds ikl Lo;a nks ch?ks] pkj
ch?ks tehu gS ] fu'p; gh og muds fy, Hkh i;kZ I r ugha ] fiQj os
[ksfrgj&etnwjksa dks D;k nsxa \s eSa rks le>rk gw]¡ fdlkuksa dh Hkh vkfFkZd voLFkk
fliQZ tehankjh gVk nsus ls iwjh rkSj ij ugha lqèkj tk;sxhA mlds fy, rks [ksrh esa
Hkh u;s rjhds] NksVh&NksVh e'khusa vkSj jklk;fud [kkn dk iz;ksx djuk gksxkA
[ksfrgj&etnwjksa ds fy, ;fn os [ksfrgj ;k fdlku cuuk pkgrs gSa rks mik;
[ksfrgj&etnwj @ 57
fliQZ ,d gh gS fd vc ls ftruk cdk'r ;k ftjkr dh tehu tehankjksa ls
fudys vkSj ftruh [ksrh ds yk;d iM+h gqbZ tehu (irhZ o taxy) izkUr ds
fdlh ftys esa µ iykew] jk¡ph] gtkjhckx vkfn esa feys rks mls [ksfrgj&etnwjksa
ds fy, fjtoZ dj nh tk;sA eSa le>rk gw¡] os yksx cM+h Hkkjh xyrh djsaxs ;fn
rRdky tks dqN gks ldrk gS] mls NksM+dj os fdlkuksa ls >xM+k eksy ysus
tk;sxa As
fcgkj esa [ksfrgj&etnwj dk tks vkUnksyu pyk gS] mlds izorZdksa esa dqN
^gfjtuksa* ds usrk Hkh 'kkfey gSaA mu Hkkb;ksa ls esjk fouez fuosnu gS fd
[ksfrgj&etnwj ds uke ls viuk laxBu djds] gfjtu HkkbZ yksx (eSa bl 'kCn
ls cgqr ?k`.kk djrk gw¡ ysfdu vius vFkZ dks Li"V djus ds fy, bldk bLrseky
dj jgk gw¡) xyrh dj jgs gSaA mudks lhèkk&'kq¼ viuk ,d laxBu j[kuk
pkfg,] D;ksafd mudh leL;k,¡ bruh fodV gSa vkSj lkekftd] èkkfeZd vkSj
vkfFkZd lHkh {ks=kksa esa iQSyh gqbZ gSa fd ;fn os [ksfrgj&etnwj ds uke ij
Nwr&vNwr lcdks tek djus yxsxa s rks os gok gks tk;sxa As tgk¡ dgha dqN Hkh irhZ
cdk'r] ftjkr ;k taxy dh tehu feysxh] og lHkh [ksfrgj&etnwjksa ds fy,
;fn ns nh tk;sxh rks urhtk ;g gksxk fd Nwr tkfr okys] ftudh igq¡p vklkuh
ls vfèkdkfj;ksa rd gks ldrh gS] mu txgksa dks ys ysaxs vkSj gfjtu ds iYys
cgqr de iM+sxkA Nwr tkfr ds [ksfrgj&etnwjksa dh voLFkk mruh ghu vkSj
vU;k;iw.kZ ugha gS] tSls fd vNwr dgh tkus okyh tkfr;ksa dhA Nwr tkfr okys
iku dh nqdku [kksy ldrs gaS] gyokbZ Hkh cu ldrs gSa] gksVy Hkh pyk ldrs
gSa vkSj ipkl rjg ds vkSj dke dj ldrs gSaA izkbosV ukSdfj;ksa esa Hkh mudks
vklkuh gS] ysfdu ogh ckr vNwr dgh tkus okyh tkfr;ksa ds fy, ugha dgh
tk ldrhA lkekftd vR;kpkj tks vNwr dgh tkus okyh tkfr;ksa ij gks jgk gS]
mlds dkj.k mudh vkfFkZd mUufr ds lHkh ekxZ cUn gSa] mudh lkjh 'kfDr
pkfg, rks Fkh fd bl vksj yxrh ftlls os vius dks f'k{kk vkSj vkfFkZd mUufr
ds nwljs lkèkuksa dks izkIr dj] viuh voLFkk dks dqN csgrj cukrs vkSj lkFk gh
jkLrs esa iM+us okyh #dkoVksa dks nwj djrsA ,sls le; esa fdlkuksa ds vR;kpkjksa
dks ysdj >xM+k iSnk djus esa viuh gh 'kfDr fucZy gksxhA
[ksfrgj&etnwjksa dks [k;ky djuk pkfg, fd mudh vkfFkZd eqfDr lkE;okn
gh ls gks ldrh gS vkSj tks ØkfUr vkt 'kq: gqbZ gS] og lkE;okn ij gh ys tkdj
jgsxhA mlds flok Hkys fnuksa dks fn[kykus okyk dksbZ nwljk jkLrk ugha gSA lkju
vkSj eqtÝiQjiqj tSls ftyksa esa vkneh ihNs Ng&Ng] lkr&lkr dV~Bk [ksr iM+rk
gSA Hkyk] ogk¡ brus ls dgk¡ balku dh ftUnxh clj dh tk ldrh gS\ tjk&tjk ls
pkj&pkj dV~Bs ds [ksrksa esa oSKkfud [ksrh lEHko gh dgk¡ gS\ gekjh leL;k,¡ rks
rHkh gy gksaxh tc tehankjh gVk nh tk;s] [ksrksa ij Hkh fdlh O;fDr dk vfèkdkj
u gksdj jk"Vª dk vfèkdkj gksA xk¡o ds lHkh [ksrksa dh esM+sa gVkdj ,d [ksr cuk
fn;k tk;s vkSj VSªDVj ds tfj;s [ksr tksrs tk;sa] yksx feydj lkewfgd [ksrh djsa
vkSj ml [ksrh esa u;s vkfo"dkjksa rFkk Ñf"k&mi;ksxh lkèkuksa dks cjrk tk;sA rHkh
tkdj ge ,d ch?ks esa tkiku dh rjg lkr lkS] vkB lkS #i;k dh pht iSnk dj
ldsaxs vkSj rHkh tkdj ;fn ,d&nks ftys esa lw[kk iM+ tk;s ;k ck<+ vk tk;s] rc
Hkh nwljs ftys dh iSnkokj ls yksxksa dks Hkw[kk ugha ejuk iM+sxkA lw[kk vkSj ck<+ ,slh
pht ugha gS fd ftlls yksx x`gghu gks tk;sa vkSj vUu fcuk Hkw[ks ejus yxsaA fcgkj
esa rhu djksM+ vkneh clrs gSAa buesa nks djksM+ rks vo'; esgur dk dke dj ldrs
gSaA brus gkFk ;fn edku vkSj xk¡o clkus ds dke ds fy, ,d eghus ds fy, yx
tk;sa rks D;k vius ?kjksa dks Å¡ph txg cukdj ugha jg ldrs gS\a euq"; dk ifjJe
gh rks lc pht cukrk gS] ckdh lkèku rks gekjs izns'k esa lHkh ekStwn gSaA vkSj [ksrh
ls rks] bl x;s&chrs rjhds ls djus ij Hkh] bruk vukt gekjs ;gk¡ iSnk gks jgk gS
ftls fcgkj okys ,d o"kZ ls T;knk fnu rd [kk ldrs gSaA ,d txg ds yksxksa dks
vukt cspus vkSj ckgj fudkyus dh dfBukbZ iM+ jgh gS vkSj nwljh txg yksx
Hkw[kksa ej jgs gSaA gkyk¡fd nwljh txg yksx vius ifjJe dks nsus ds fy, rS;kj gSa]
fiQj D;k otg gS fd ,d txg ds vkneh Hkw[kksa ejsaA lkE;okn gh geas cryk;sxk
fd gesa nks pkj&O;fDr ds ?kj ugha j[kus gSa] gesa lkjs rhuksa djksM+ O;fDr;ksa dk ,d
?kj cukuk iM+sxk vkSj fiQj lkjs gkFkksa vkSj fnekxksa dks ml ifjokj dh thfodk]
Hkj.k&iks"k.k rFkk f'k{kk vkSj lkaLÑfrd mUufr ds fy, yx tkuk iM+sxkA
ØkfUr ds ekxZ esa gesa yksxksa dks fdlh rjg dk jksM+k ugha vVdkuk pkfg,
vkSj [ksfrgj&fdlkuksa dks rks ;fn dksbZ vk'kk gS rks ØkfUr ds iw.kZr;k liQy gksus
gh easA mudks ;g [k;ky j[kuk pkfg, fd tks lkE;oknh vkt fdlkuksa dks
laxfBr dj jgs gSa] mUgsa vius vfèkdkjkas ij MV tkus ds fy, rS;kj dj jgs gSa]
os vPNh rjg tkurs gSa fd fliQZ tehankjh dks gVk nsus ls dke ugha pysxk µ
vkxs pydj gesa [ksrh ij Hkh O;fDrxr vfèkdkj vLohdkj djuk iM+sxk µ
vFkkZr fdlku] [ksfrgj&etnwj lHkh ml [ksr ds ekfyd gksaxsA fliQZ [ksrh ls gh
rks lkjk dke ugha py ldsxk] gesa ns'k esa dkj[kkuksa vkSj feyksa dk izlkj djuk
iM+sxk vkSj rc dgha gekjh vkfFkZd nfjnzrk nwj gksxhA ØkfUr dks vkxs c<+us nks]
cl ;gh [ksfrgj&etnwjksa dk è;s; gksuk pkfg,A
···
[ksfrgj&etnwj @ 59
10
:l esa <kbZ ekl
êSa dqy lk<s+ pkj ekl Lons'k ls ckgj jgk* µ Ms<+ ekl :l tkrs le;
bZjku esa] nks lIrkg vkrs le; viQxkfuLrku esa] <kbZ ekl lksfo;r :l esaA x;k
Fkk njkZ cksyu ls] vk;k [kScj ds njsZ lsA fgUnqLrku vkSj :l dh lhek ds Hkhrj
rks jsyos Vsªusa feyha] bZjku vkSj viQxfuLrku dh lSj eksVj }kjk gqbZ] dSfLi;u
leqnz tgkt lsA 12 uoEcj dks lksfo;r&lhek esa izos'k fd;k] 26 tuojh dks
ogk¡ ls izLFkkuA bl izdkj :l ds tkMs+ ds vuqHko dk ekSdk feykA flok;
dkds'k'k vkSj eè;&,f'k;k ds dqN Hkkx ds] lHkh txg dh Hkwfe ciQZ ls
vkPNkfnr FkhA [ksr vkfn dh tqrkbZ fliQZ mUgha Hkw&Hkkxksa esa ns[khA
lksfo;r :l ds ckjs esa Hkze rks vHkh cgqr le; rd iQSyrk jgsxkA lkjh
nqfu;k ds v[kckjksa ds xyk iQkM+&iQkM+dj vliQyrk dh iqdkj djus ij Hkh
lalkj esa lkE;okn dk izHkko bruh rsth ls c<+ jgk gS fd ;fn iw¡thoknh txr
lksfo;r ns'k esa lkE;okn dh liQyrk dk izpkj djus yxs] rks fiQj mldh D;k
xfr gksxh\ lksfo;r&lhek ls nwj ds ns'kksa dh ckr NksM+ nhft;sA o{kq (vkew)
unh lksfo;r vkSj viQxkfuLrku dh lhek gSA eSaus viQxkfuLrku ds Hkhrj ds
yksxksa dks cM+h xEHkhjrk ls dgrs lquk µ ¶:lh fdlkuksa ds Hkhrj jksVh dk
vdky gSA¸ mudks ;g Hkh ugha ekywe fd chloha 'krkCnh eas :l esa lcls
vPNh iQly 1913 esa gqbZ FkhA :l esa 1937 esa xsgw¡ dh iQly 1913 ls Bhd
nqxquh gqbZA 1930&31 esa èkuh fdlkuksa dh LokFkZijrk vkSj izpkj ds dkj.k [ksr
de cks;s x;s Fks] eos'kh ekj Mkys x;s Fks] blfy, jksVh dk vdky&lk iM+ x;k
FkkA ml oDr dqN ^dqyd* lksfo;r&lhek ls Hkkxdj viQxkfuLrku esa Hkh
pys x;s FksA 1930&31 dh vkfFkZd voLFkk ls vc tehu&vkleku dk vUrj
gS] rks Hkh bl ikj ds viQxkuksa ds fy, vHkh rd lksfo;r&jk"Vª ds fy, ^jksVh
dk vdky* pyk gh tk jgk gSA
yksxksa dh vkfFkZd voLFkk] f'k{kk vkSj laLÑfr dk èkjkry gj lky] D;k
gj eghus Å¡pk gksrk tk jgk gSA gj lky ik¡p] nl vkSj iUnzg iQhlnh rd osru
c<+k;k tk jgk gS vkSj nwljh vksj tSls&tSls phtksa dh mit iQSDVfj;ksa dh o`f¼
vkSj dk;ZdÙkkZvksa dh dk;Z&dq'kyrk ds vuqlkj c<+rh tk jgh gS] oSls gh oSls
phtksa dk nke ?kVk;k tk jgk gSA osru nsuk vkSj phtksa dk cspuk ljdkj ds gkFk
esa gSA
fiNys nks o"kks± esa [kkus&ihus dh fdruh gh phtksa dh dher esa
iPphl&iPphl] rhl&rhl iQhlnh deh dh x;h gSA esjs ogk¡ jgrs vLirky
dh nkb;ksa dh ru[okgksa esa 15 iQhlnh dh o`f¼ dh x;hA bl izdkj osru&o`f¼
vkSj phtksa ds ewY; ?kVkus ls ,d vksj yksx thou dh lq[k&lkexzh dks vfèkd
ik jgs gSa] nwljh vksj ogk¡ 5&6 o"kks± ls csdkjh ,dne mB x;h gSA LoLFk jgus
ij vkneh ds fy, dke gkftj gSA chekjh ;k fdlh vkSj dkj.k ls dke djus
ds v;ksX; gksus dk lkjk Hkkj ljdkj vius Åij ysrh gSA bl izdkj euq"; dks
^dy dh fpUrk* fcYdqy ugha gSA blesa 'kd ugha fd baXyS.M vkSj vesfjdk ds
etnwj :l ds cgqr ls etnwjksa ls bl oDr vfèkd osru ikrs gSa] ysfdu tgk¡
mu ns'kksa ds etnwjksa ds lj ij ges'kk csdkjh dh uaxh ryokj yVdrh jgrh gS]
ogk¡ lksfo;r&Jethoh ^dy ds fy,* fcYdqy fuf'pUr gSaA lkFk gh mudk
osru Hkh fnu ij fnu vkxs dh gh vksj c<+ jgk gSA
ftl u;s lksfo;r&foèkku ds vuqlkj 12 fnlEcj dks egklksfo;r ds
1143 lHkklnksa (Deputies) dk pquko gqvk gS] mlds egÙo dks de djus ds
fy, iw¡thoknh ns'kksa us cM+h dksf'k'k dh vkSj vc Hkh dj jgs gSaA dksbZ dgrk gS
µ ^pquko D;k gS] èkks[ks dh VV~Vh gSA* dksbZ dgrk gS µ ^Lrkfyu vkSj
dE;qfuLV ikVhZ us yksxksa dks èkedkdj vius fy, oksV fy;k gSA* u;k foèkku
dgk¡ rd iztklÙkkRed gS vkSj dgk¡ rd yksxksa dks oksV nsus dh LorU=krk mlesa
gS] ;g fuEu ckrksa ls ekywe gks tk;sxk µ
(1) 12 fnlEcj] 1937 ls igys iqjkus tehankjksa] iw¡thifr;ksa] iqjksfgrksa]
dqydksa (èkuh fdlku) vkSj ØkfUr&fojksfèk;ksa dh lUrkuksa dks oksV nsus ;k
mEehnokj gksus dk vfèkdkj ugha FkkA u;s foèkku us 18 o"kZ ls Åij dh voLFkk
ds lHkh L=kh&iq#"kksa dks oksV dk vfèkdkj ns fn;kA èku] fo|k vkfn dh ;ksX;rk
dk blesa dksbZ [k;ky ugha gSA
(2) oksV dk ipkZ vkSj fyiQkiQk gj ,d vkneh dks xqIr :i ls fu'kku
djds Mkyus ds fy, feyrk gSA oksV nsus dk <ax ,slk j[kk x;k gS fd oksVj us
fdldks oksV fn;k] fliQZ ogh tku ldrk gSA
(3) ftls 51 iQhlnh oksV ugha feys] og lHkkln ugha pquk tkrkA
:l esa <kbZ ekl @ 61

(4) uketn djus dk vfèkdkj VsªM ;wfu;u vkfn laLFkkvksa vFkok fdlh
Hkh lkoZtfud lHkk dks fn;k x;k gSA pw¡fd lksfo;r dk dksbZ O;fDr ,slh
lEifÙk ugha j[krk ftldh lgk;rk ls og pquko dk izpkj dj lds] ;k
cM+h&cM+h lHkk,¡ laxfBr dj ldsA pquko ds izpkj dk lkjk [kpZ O;fDr ds
Åij u gksdj laLFkkvksa ds Åij iM+rk gS] blhfy, uketn djuk Hkh mUgha ds
gkFk esa fn;k x;k gSA
lksfo;r pquko ds fu;eksa esa dksbZ ,slh ckr ugha gS fd ftlls ,d
pquko&{ks=k esa nwljk izfr}U}h mEehnokj u [kM+k fd;k tk ldsA ysfdu
dE;qfuLV&ikVhZ viuh lsokvksa ls ogk¡ bruh loZfiz;k ikVhZ gS fd eqdkfcyksa esa
ijkt; dk fu'p; le> lkeus vk gh dkSu ldrk gS\ dsUnzh; dkSfa ly ds dqN
iqufuZokZpuksa esa Hkkjrh; dkaxszl ds mEehnokjksa ds lkeus dksbZ mEehnokj tSls
[kM+k ugha gqvk] oSls gh ogk¡ Hkh izfr}U}h dks [kM+k gksus dh fgEer ugha gksrhA
lksfo;r vkSj Lrkfyu ds fojksèk esa gtkjksa >wBh ckrksa dk izpkj djuk vkSj
lkFk gh =kksRldh dh lsokvksa vkSj ;ksX;rk ds fy, vkleku rd iqy ck¡èkuk
iw¡thoknh i=kksa dk èkeZ&lk gks x;k gSA =kksRldh dh iz'kalk vkSj lkE;okn esa
mldh fu"Bk dks rks ,ssls 'kCnksa esa fpf=kr fd;k tkrk gS fd ekywe gksrk gS ekuks
;s iw¡thoknh i=kdkj lalkj esa lkE;okn ykus ds fy, ykykf;r&ls gks jgs gSaA
lksfo;r lkE;okn dh liQyrk dk èkjrh ij ,d Bksl lkdkj :i gS] blfy,
os mldks yksxksa dh vk¡[kksa ls vks>y j[kuk pkgrs gSaA mldh txg ij mlds
fojksfèk;ksa vkSj muds fojksèkh euksHkkoksa dks os yksxksa ds lkeus ykuk pkgrs gSaA
lksfo;r 'kklu vkSj mldk izèkku usrk Lrkfyu fdruk loZfiz; gS] ;g blh ls
ekywe gks ldrk gS fd fiNys pquko esa 12 fnlEcj dh&lh lnhZ vkSj èkjrh ds
"k"Bka'k rd foLr`r ns'k esa d"V mBkdj lk<+s 96 iQhlnh oksVjksa us viuk oksV
fn;k FkkA fiNys nl o"kks± esa vesfjdk] baXyS.M] izQkal] teZuh vkfn ns'kksa esa
fuokZpu gq, gSa] ysfdu dgha ij 83 iQhlnh ls vfèkd yksx fuokZpu&LFkku ij
ugha igq¡psA Lrkfyu ds fuokZpu&{ks=k ds oksVjksa esa ls rks ,d Hkh ml fnu
vuqifLFkr ugha jgkA
Lrkfyu dh ckr dks ogk¡ f'kjksèkk;Z ekurs gSaA dkyZ ekDlZ lkE;okn ds rÙo
dk nz"Vk Fkk] mlus lPpkbZ dks ,sfrgkfld izek.kksa] vkfFkZd dfBukb;ksa vkSj
oSKkfud ;qfDr;ksa ls izekf.kr dj lalkj ds Jethfo;ksa ds lkeus j[kkA fdruksa
ds fnekx us bl lPpkbZ dks Lohdkj dj fy;k] ysfdu iw¡thokfn;ksa ds LokFkZ
vkSj mudh j{kk ds cM+s&cM+s lkèku ml fl¼kUr ds èkjrh ij vkus ds jkLrs esa
ckèkd FksA ysfuu dh fo'ks"krk Fkh ,d liQy lkE;oknh ØkfUr dks Hkwry ij
ykuk] ftlesa fdruh gh ckj mls iw.kZ vliQyrk gh feyh FkhA [kSj] lkE;oknh
ØkfUr tkj ds lkezkT; esa gks x;hA ns'kh vkSj fons'kh iw¡thokfn;ksa us mls gj rjg
nckus dh dksf'k'k dh vkSj og mlesa foiQy gq,] ysfdu rks Hkh ysfuu ds le;
mit ds lHkh lkèkuksa esa ls cgqr de O;fDr;ksa ds gkFk ls fudydj lekt ds
gkFk esa vk;s FksA [ksrh gh ugha] okf.kT;&O;olk; Hkh cgqr dqN O;fDr;ksa ds
gkFk esa Fkk tc fd 1924 bZñ ds vkjEHk esa ysfuu dk nsgkUr gqvkA 'kgj ls ysdj
xk¡o rd dh turk dks lkE;oknh lekt ds :i esa ifj.kr djuk Lrkfyu dk
dke FkkA ;g ekDlZ vkSj ysfuu ds dke ls de egÙoiw.kZ ugha gSA ftl oDr
ysfuu dh e`R;q ds ckn dy&dkj[kkuksa dks c<+kdj ns'k ds m|ksxhdj.k dk
dk;ZØe Lrkfyu us lkeus j[kk] rks ,d rjiQ cq[kkfju vkfn uje&nyh dgrs Fks
fd tYnh gks jgh gS] blesa liQyrk ugha gksxh] ns'k dks Hkkjh uqdlku igq¡psxkA
nwljh vksj =kksRldh tSls xje&nyh dgrs Fks fd fcuk lkjs lalkj eas ØkfUr gq,
lkE;okn ,d eqYd esa LFkkfir ugha gks ldrkA blfy, gesa viuh lkjh 'kfDr
:l dks gh lkE;oknh vkSj m|ksxiw.kZ cukus esa u yxkdj vUrjjk"Vªh; ØkfUr dh
vksj T;knk è;ku nsuk pkfg,A Lrkfyu us bu fojksèkksa ds ckotwn vius izksxkz e dks
yksxksa ds lkeus j[kk vkSj mls mlesa liQyrk gqbZA izFke iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds
le; Hkh nkfgus&ck;sa ikVhZ okys blh rjg fojksèk djrs jgs] ysfdu] lksfo;r
turk us viuh vk¡[kksa ls bu ;kstukvksa }kjk vk'kkrhr vkfFkZd liQyrk ns[khA
Lrkfyu ds usr`Ro esa :l ds u"Vizk; m|ksx&èkUèks 1927 rd egk;q¼ ds igys
dh voLFkk ls vkxs c<+ x;s vkSj izFke vkSj nwljh iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa dh
lekfIr ds ckn rks lksfo;r&iztkrU=k ;wjksi dk lcls cM+k m|ksx&èkUèkk&ijk;.k
ns'k gks x;kA r`rh; iapo"khZ; ;kstuk }kjk lksfo;r iztkrU=k pkgrk gS fd
vesfjdk dks Hkh ekr dj m|ksx&èkUèks esa og lalkj esa izFke LFkku xzg.k dj ysA
bu iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa dk vkjfEHkd o"kk±s esa yksx etkd mM+k;k djrs Fks vkSj
vc liQyrk ds ckn gj ns'k mudk vuqlj.k djuk pkgrk gSA bu ;kstukvksa }kjk
lksfo;r turk us vius Hkw[k vkSj csdkjh ds fnuksa dh txg ij lq[k&le`f¼ ds
fnu ns[ks] vfo|k vkSj fuj{kjrk dh txg Kku vkSj dyk dk izpkj lkoZtfud
gksrs ns[kkA vHkh nl o"kZ igys mudh dSlh ghu n'kk Fkh] ;g cgqrsjs lksfo;r
ukxfjdksa dks Hkyh izdkj ekywe gSA Lrkfyu dh ;kstukvksa dh ;gh liQyrk,¡ gSa
ftUgksua s mls bruk yksdfiz; cuk fn;k gSA dqN yksxksa ds fy, bl yksdfiz;rk dks
le>uk eqf'dy gSA og le>rs gSa fd egt ,d vkneh] tks u bZ'oj dh rjiQ
ls Hkstk x;k gS] vkSj ftlesa u oSls nSoh peRdkj gSa] Hkyk dSls bruk tufiz; gks
ldrk gSA
:l esa <kbZ ekl @ 63

tc&rc fdrus gh "kM~;U=kdkfj;ksa dks lksfo;r ljdkj us tks n.M fn;s gSa]
mls c<+k&p<+kdj iw¡thoknh i=kksa us bl izdkj lalkj esa iQSyk;k gS fd fdrus gh
yksx le>rs gSa fd lksfo;r 'kklu dh uhao cgqr detksj gS] fgalk vkSj
vkradokn ds lgkjs mudk 'kklu py jgk gSA oksjksf'kyksiQ] eksyksrksiQ] cqn;Ueh
Cywpj] vkfn tSls ØkfUr ds egkuk;dksa dks vc Hkh oSlh gh yxu ls dke djrs
ns[krs gq, Hkh tgk¡ nks&pkj iqjkus ØkfUrdkfj;ksa esa ls vius vijkèk ds fy,
nf.Mr gq, iw¡thoknh i=kksa us gYyk djuk 'kq: dj fn;k fd ^ysfuu* ds lkFkh
lHkh ØkfUrdkjh Lrkfyu ds "kM~;U=k ds f'kdkj gks pqdsA ltk ik;s yksxksa dh
vksj n`f"V Mkyus ls ekywe gksxk fd muesa lHkh ,sls cqf¼thoh O;fDr gSa ftUgsa
viuh egÙokdka{kkvksa esa ukmEehn gksus ds dkj.k liQy ikVhZ vkSj mlds usrkvksa
ds izfr fo}s"k iSnk gks x;k gSA f'kf{kr cqf¼thoh oxZ pkgs oSls fdruk gh mnkj
vkSj R;kxh gks] ysfdu mlls LokFkZ vkSj egÙokdka{kk dks èkDdk yxrs gh og
bruk uhps mrj vkrk gS ftruk uhps vf'kf{kr lkèkkj.k tu mrjus dh fgEer
ugha j[k ldrsA lksfo;r iztkrU=k eas m|ksx&èkUèks cgqr T;knk dsfUnzr gks x;s gSa
vkSj muesa ;U=kksa dk vR;fèkd iz;ksx gqvk] blfy, ,d O;fDr vlUrq"V gksus ij
T;knk uqdlku dj ldrk gSA
,d ;U=k&fo'ks"k dks [kjkc dj og nks lIrkg nl deZpkfj;ksa dks csdkj
cSBk ldrk gSA jsy dh lwpukvksa esa xM+cM+h dj Vsªuksa dks yM+k ldrk gS] xgjh
[kkuksa dh iEiksa dks [kjkc dj muesa ikuh Hkjok ldrk gSA ftu yksxksa dks gky esa
lksfo;r ljdkj us dM+h&dM+h ltk,¡ nh gSa] mUgksaus ;gh vijkèk fd;s FksA muds
ihNs turk dh dksbZ lgkuqHkwfr ugha] oLrqr% os tsyksa esa idM+dj cUn u fd;s
x;s gksrs] rks yksx ØksèkkUèk gks mUgsa vesfjdk ds xksjkas dh rjg ^ysfou* ls ekj
MkyrsA ,sls yksxksa dks lksfo;r&'kklu vkSj Lrkfyu ds tqYe dk ^'kghn*
mn~?kksf"kr djuk fons'kh iw¡thokfn;ksa ds vius eryc dh ckr gS vkSj bl izdkj
lp dk >wB djuk rHkh rd gksrk jgsxk tc rd fd lksfo;r&'kfDr ,d Hkkjh
;q¼ esa viuh lcyrk dks fl¼ ugha dj nsrh vkSj D;k tkus] blds ckn Hkh]
tc rd fd Hkwe.My ij iwt ¡ hokn dk vfLrRo gS] ,sls >wBs izpkj Hkh dHkh cUn
gksxa \s
•••
csgrj ft+Unxh dk jkLrk
csgrj fdrkcksa ls gksdj tkrk gS!
tupsruk
ml ikj gS mEehnksa
vkSj mtkl dh
,d iwjh nqfu;k
v¡èksjk rks fli+QZ nsgjh ij gS
lEiw.kZ lwphi=k
2018
ge gSa liuksa ds gjdkjs
ge gSa fopkjksa ds Mkfd;s
vke yksxksa ds fy,
t+:jh gSa os fdrkcsa
tks mudh ft+Unxh dh ?kqVu
vkSj eqfDr ds LoIuksa rd
igq¡pkrh gSa fopkj
tSls fd ck:n dh <sjh rd
vkx dh fpuxkjhA
?kj&?kj rd fpuxkjh fNVdkus okyk
rst+ gok dk >ksadk cu tkuk gksxk
ft+Unxh vkSj vkus okys fnuksa dk lp
crykus okyh fdrkcksa dks
tu&tu rd igq¡pkuk gksxkA
nks n'kd igys izxfr'khy] tui{k/j lkfgR; dks tu&tu rd igq¡pkus dh
eqfge dh ,d NksVh&lh 'kq#vkr gqb]Z cM+s ealcw s ds lkFkA ,d NksVh&lh nqdku
vkSj i+QVq ikFkksa ij] eqgYyksa esa vkSj nÝ+rjksa ds lkeus NksVh&NksVh izn'kZfu;k¡ yxkus
okys rFkk lkbfdyksa ij] Bsyksa ij] >ksyksa esa Hkjdj ?kj&?kj fdrkcsa igqp ¡ kus okys
le£ir voSrfud okyf.V;jksa dh Vhe & 'kq#vkr cl ;gha ls gqbAZ vkt ;g
oSpkfjd vfHk;ku mÙkj Hkkjr ds ntZuksa 'kgjksa vkSj xk¡oksa rd iQSy pqdk gSA ,d
cM+s vkSj ,d NksVs izn'kZuh okgu ds ekè;e ls tupsruk fgUnh vkSj iatkch {ks=k
ds lqnjw dksuksa rd fgUnh] iatkch vkSj vaxt sz h+ lkfgR; ,oa dyk&lkexzh ds lkFk
lius vkSj fopkj ysdj tk jgh gS] thou&la?k"kZ&l`tu&izxfr dk ukjk ysdj tk
jgh gSA
fgUnh {ks=k esa ;g vius <ax dk ,d vuwBk ç;kl gSA ,d Hkh oSrfud LVki+Q
ds fcuk] le£ir okyf.V;jksa vkSj fofHkUu lg;ksxh tulaxBuksa ds dk;ZdrkZvksa
ds cwrs ij ;g çkstsDV vkxs c<+ jgk gSA
vkb;s] vki lHkh bl eqfge esa gekjs lg;k=kh cfu;sA
lEiw.kZ lwphi=
ifjdYiuk çdk'ku
miU;kl
1- r#.kkbZ dk rjkuk@;kÄ eks ---
2- rhu Vds dk miU;kl@csVksZYV csz"V ---
3- ek¡@efDle xksdhZ ---
4- os rhu@efDle xksdhZ 75-00
5- esjk cpiu@efDle xksdhZ ---
6- thou dh jkgksa ij@efDle xksdhZ ---
7- esjs fo'ofo|ky;@efDle xksdhZ ---
8- i+Qksek xksnsZ;so@efDle xksdhZ 55-00
9- vHkkxk@efDle xksdhZ 40-00
10- csdjh dk ekfyd@efDle xksdhZ 25-00
11- vlyh bUlku@cksfjl iksysoksbZ ---
12- r#.k xkMZ@vysDlkUæ i+Qns;so (nks [k.Mksa esa) 160-00
13- xksnku@çsepUn ---
14- fueZyk@çsepUn ---
15- iFk ds nkosnkj@'kjr~pUæ ---
16- pfj=kghu@'kjr~pUæ ---
17- x`gnkg@'kjr~pUæ 70-00
18- 'ks"kç'u@'kjr~pUæ ---
19- bUæèkuq"k@okUnk oSlhY;qLdk 65-00
20- bdrkyhlok¡@cksjhl yozsU;kso 20-00
21- nkLrku pyrh gS (,d ukStoku dh
Mk;jh ls)@vukrksyh dqT+usRlkso 70-00
-3-
22- os lnk ;qok jgsaxs@xzhxksjh cdykukso 60-00
23- eqnks± dks D;k ykt&'keZ@xzhxksjh cdykukso 40-00
24- c[+rjcUn jsy 14&69@Olsoksyksn bokukso 30-00
25- v'olsuk@blkd ckcsy 40-00
26- yky >.Ms ds uhps@ykvks 'k 50-00
27- fjD'kkokyk@ykvks 'k 65-00
28- fpjLej.kh; (çfl¼ dUuM+ miU;kl)@fujatu 55-00
29- ,d r;'kqnk ekSr (,uthvks dh i`"BHkwfe ij)@eksfgr jk; 30-00
30. Mother/Maxim Gorky 250.00
31. The Song of Youth/Yang Mo ---
dgkfu;k¡
1- Js"B lksfo;r dgkfu;k¡ (3 [k.Mksa dk lsV) 450-00
2- og 'k[+l ftlus gSMyscxZ dks Hkz"V dj fn;k
(ekdZ V~osu dh nks dgkfu;k¡) 60-00
efDle xksdhZ
3- pquh gqbZ dgkfu;k¡ ([k.M 1) ---
6- fgEer u gkjuk esjs cPpks 10-00
7- dkeks % ,d tk¡ckt+ bUo+Qykch et+nwj dh dgkuh ---
vUrksu ps[k+o
10- nks vej dgkfu;k¡@yw 'kqu ---
11- Js"B dgkfu;k¡@çsepUn 80-00
12- ik¡p dgkfu;k¡@iqf'du ---
13- rhu dgkfu;k¡@xksxksy 30-00
14- rwi+Qku@vysDlkUæ lsjki+Qheksfop 60-00
15- olUr@lsxbZs Z vUrksukso 60-00
16- olUrkxe@jvks f'k 50-00
-4-
17- lwjt dk [k+t+kuk@fe[k+kbZy çhf'ou 40-00
18- LusxksosRl dk gksVy@eRosbZ rsosY;kso 35-00
19- olUr ds js'ke ds dhM+@s ekvks rqu 50-00
20- ØkfUr >a>k dh vuqxw¡tsa (vDVwcj ØkfUr dh dgkfu;k¡) 75-00
21- pquh gqbZ dgkfu;ka@¡ ';kvks gqÄ 50-00
22- le; ds ia[k@dksULrkUrhu ikmLrksOldh ---
23- Js"B :lh dgkfu;k¡ (ladyu) ---
24- vutku iQwy@vkUæsbZ Iykrksukso 40-00
25- dqÙks dk fny@fe[k+kbZy cqYxkdkso 70-00
26- nksu dh dgkfu;k¡@fe[k+kbZy 'kksyks[k+kso 35-00
27- vc bUlki+Q gksus okyk gS ---
(Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku dh çxfr'khy mnwZ dgkfu;ksa dk çfrfufèk ladyu)
(X;kjg u;h dgkfu;ksa lfgr ifjo£¼r laLdj.k)@l- 'kdhy flího+Qh
28- yky dqjrk@gfj'kadj JhokLro ---
29- pEik vkSj vU; dgkfu;k¡@enu eksgu 35-00
dfork,¡
1- tc eSa tM+ksa ds chp jgrk gw¡@ikCyks us:nk 60-00
2- vk¡[ksa nqfu;k dh rji+Q ns[krh gS@a ySXaXlVu g~;wt 60-00
3- mEehn&,&lgj dh ckr lquks (i+QSt+ vgen i+QSt+ ds laLej.k vkSj
pqfuUnk 'kk;jh] lEiknd% 'kdhy flího+Qh) 160-00
4- ekvks Rls&rqÄ dh dfork,¡ (jktuhfrd i`"BHkwfe lfgr foLr`r
fVIif.k;k¡ ,oa vuqokn % lR;ozr) 20-00
5- bdgÙkj dfork,¡ vkSj rhl NksVh dgkfu;k¡ & csVksZYV czs"V
(ewy teZu ls vuqokn % eksgu Fkify;ky)
(czs"V ds nqyZHk fp=kksa vkSj Ldspksa ls lfTtr) 150-00
6- lej rks 'ks"k gS--- (bIVk ds nkSj ls vkt rd ds
çfrfufèk ØkfUrdkjh lewgxhrksa dk ladyu) 65-00
7- eè;oxZ dk 'kksdxhr@gkUl ekXuql ,URlsUlcxZj 30-00
8- tsy Mk;jh@gks ph feUg 40-00
9- vksl dh cw¡nsa vkSj yky X+kqykc@gksls ekfj;k fllksa 25-00
-5-
10- bfUri+Qknk % i+QyLrhuh dfork,¡@l- jkeÑ".k ik.Ms; ---
11- ygw gS fd rc Hkh xkrk gS@ik'k ---
12- yksgw vkSj bLikr ls iQwVrk X+kqykc % i+QyLrhuh dfork,¡ (f}Hkk"kh ladyu)
A Rose Breaking Out of Steel and Blood (Palestinian Poems) 60-00
13- ikBkUrj@fo".kq [kjs 50-00
14- ykyVsu tykuk (pquh gqbZ dfork,¡)@fo".kq [kjs 60-00
15- bZ'oj dks eks{k@uhykHk 60-00
16- cgusa vkSj vU; dfork,¡¡@vln t+Snh 50-00
17- lkeku dh ryk'k@vln t+Snh 50-00
18- dksgsdki+Q ij laxhr&lkèkuk@'kf'kçdk'k 50-00
19- ir>M+ dk LFkkiR;@'kf'kçdk'k 75-00
20- lkr Hkkb;ksa ds chp pEik@dkR;k;uh (isijcSd) ---
(gkMZckmaM) 125-00
21- bl ikS#"kiw.kZ le; esa@dkR;k;uh 60-00
22- tknw ugha dfork@dkR;k;uh (isijcSd) ---
(gkMZckmaM) 200-00
23- i+QqVikFk ij dqlhZ@dkR;k;uh 80-00
24- jk[k&v¡èksjs dh ckfj'k esa@dkR;k;uh 15-00
25- ;g eq[kkSVk fdldk gS@foey dqekj 50-00
26- ;g tks oDr gS@dfiys'k Hkkst 60-00
27- ns'k ,d jkx gS@Hkxor jkor ---
28- cgqr ueZ pknj Fkh ty ls cquh@ujs'k pUædj 60-00
29- fnu HkkSagsa p<+krk gS@ey; 120-00
30- ns[krs u ns[krs@ey; 65-00
31- vlEHko dh vk¡p@ey; 100-00
32- bPNk dh nwc@ey; 90-00
33- bl <yku ij@izeksn dqekj 90-00
34- rks@'kSys; 75-00
ukVd
1- djoV@efDle xksdhZ 40-00
2- nq'eu@efDle xksdhZ 35-00
-6-
3- ryNV@efDle xksdhZ ---
4- rhu cgusa (nks ukVd)@vUrksu ps[k+o 45-00
5- psjh dh cfx+;k (nks ukVd)@v- ps[k+o 45-00
6- cfynku tks O;FkZ u x;k@Olsoksyksn fo'usOLdh 30-00
7- Øsefyu dh ?kf.V;k¡@fudksykbZ iksxksfnu 30-00
laLej.k
1- yso rksYLrks; % 'kCn&fp=k@efDle xksdhZ 20-00
L=kh&foe'kZ
1- nqxZ }kj ij nLrd (L=kh iz'u ij ys[k)@dkR;k;uh (isijcSd) 130-00
ToyUr ç'u
1- dqN thoUr dqN ToyUr@dkR;k;uh 90-00
2- "kM~;U=kjr e`rkRekvksa ds chp
(lkEçnkf;drk ij ys[k)@dkR;k;uh 25-00
3- bl jkf=k ';keyk csyk esa (ys[k vkSj fVIif.k;k¡)@lR;ozr 30-00
O;aX;
1- dgsa eucgdh [kjh&[kjh@eucgdh yky 25-00
ukStokuksa ds fy, fo'ks"k
1- t; thou! (ys[k] Hkk"k.k vkSj i=k)@fudksykbZ vksL=kksOLdh 50-00
oSpkfjdh
1- ekvksoknh vFkZ'kkL=k vkSj lektokn dk Hkfo";@jse.M yksV~Vk 25-00
lkfgR;&foe'kZ
1- miU;kl vkSj tuleqnk;@jSYi+Q i+QkWDl 75-00
2- ys[kudyk vkSj jpukdkS'ky@
xksdhZ] i+Qsfnu] e;kdksOLdh] v- rksYlrks; ---
3- n'kZu] lkfgR; vkSj vkykspuk@
csfyaLdh] gtZ+u] psuhZ'ksOLdh] nksczksY;qckso 65-00
4- l`tu&çfØ;k vkSj f'kYi ds ckjs esa@efDle xksdhZ 40-00
-7-
5- ekDlZokn vkSj Hkk"kkfoKku dh leL;k,¡@Lrkfyu 20-00
u;h ih<+h ds fuekZ.k ds fy,
1- ,d iqLrd ekrk&firk ds fy,@vUrksu edkjsadks ---
2- esjk ân; cPpksa ds fy,@olhyh lq[k+ksEyhULdh ---
vkàku iqfLrdk Ükà[kyk
1- çse] ijEijk vkSj foæksg@dkR;k;uh 50-00
l`tu ifjizs{; iqfLrdk Ükà[kyk
1- ,d u;s loZgkjk iqutkZxj.k vkSj çcksèku ds
oSSpkfjd&lkaLÑfrd dk;ZHkkj@dkR;k;uh] lR;e 25-00
nks egRoiw.kZ if=kdk,¡
ekDlZoknh lS¼kfUrd 'kksèk vkSj foe'kZ dk eap

lEiknd% dkR;k;uh @ lR;e
,d izfr % 100 #i;s] vkthou% 5000 #i;s
okf"kZd (4 vad) % 400 #i;s (100 #- jft- cqdiksLV O;; vfrfjDr)
ehfM;k] laLÑfr vkSj lekt ij dsfUær

lEiknd% dkR;k;uh @ lR;e
,d izfr % 40 #i;s vkthou% 3000 #i;s
okf"kZd (4 vad) % 160 #i;s (100 #- jft- cqd iksLV O;; vfrfjDr)
lEikndh; dk;kZy; %
69 ,&1] ckck dk iqjok] isij fey jksM] fu'kkrxat] y[kuÅ&226006
iQksu% 9936650658] 8853093555
osclkbV % http://dishasandhaan.in bZesy% dishasandhaan@gmail.com
osclkbV % http://naandipath.in bZesy% naandipath@gmail.com
-8-
jkgq y Qkm.Ms ' ku
ukStokuksa ds fy, fo'ks"k
1- ukStokuksa ls nks ckrs@a ihVj ØksiksVfdu 15-00
2- ØkfUrdkjh dk;ZØe dk elfonk@Hkxr¯lg 15-00
3- eSa ukfLrd D;ksa gw¡ vkSj ^MªheyS.M* dh Hkwfedk@Hkxr¯lg 15-00
4- ce dk n'kZu vkSj vnkyr esa c;ku@Hkxr¯lg 15-00
5- tkfr&èkeZ ds >xM+s NksM+ks] lgh yM+kbZ ls ukrk tksM+ks@Hkxr¯lg 15-00
6- Hkxr¯lg us dgk---(pqus gq, m¼j.k)@Hkxr¯lg 15-00
ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ds nLrkost+
1- Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds
lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+@l- lR;e 350-00
2- 'kghnsvkt+e dh tsy uksVcqd@Hkxr¯lg 100-00
3- fopkjksa dh lku ij@Hkxr¯lg 50-00
ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ds fopkjksa vkSj thou ij
1- cgjksa dks lqukus ds fy,@,l- bji+Qku gchc
(Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa dh fopkjèkkjk vkSj dk;ZØe) ---
2- ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu dk oSpkfjd fodkl@f'ko oekZ 15-00
3- Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa dh
fopkjèkkjk vkSj jktuhfr@fciu pUæ 20-00
4- ;'k dh èkjksgj@
Hkxokunkl ekgkSj] f'ko oekZ] lnkf'kojko eydkiqjdj 50-00
5- laLe`fr;k¡@f'ko oekZ 80-00
6- 'kghn lq[knso % ukS?kjk ls iQk¡lh rd@l- MkW- gjnhi ¯lg 40-00
-9-
egÙoiw.kZ vkSj fopkjksÙkstd ladyu
1- mEehn ,d ft+Unk 'kCn gS
(^nkf;Rocksèk* ds egÙoiw.kZ lEikndh; ys[kksa dk ladyu) 75-00
2- ,uthvks % ,d [k+rjukd lkezkT;oknh dqpØ 60-00
3- MCY;w,l,i+Q % lkezkT;okn dk u;k Vªkstu gkWlZ 50-00
ToyUr ç'u
1- ^tkfr* ç'u ds lekèkku ds fy, cq¼ dki+Qh ugha] vEcsMdj Hkh
dki+Qh ugha] ekDlZ t+:jh gSa @ jaxuk;dEek ---
2- tkfr vkSj oxZ % ,d ekDlZoknh n`f"Vdks.k @ jaxuk;dEek 60-00
nkf;Rocksèk iqfLrdk Ükà[kyk

1- vu'oj gSa loZgkjk la?k"kks± dh vfXuf'k[kk,¡@nhik;u cksl 10-00
2- lektokn dh leL;k,¡] iw¡thoknh iquLFkkZiuk vkSj egku loZgkjk
lkaLÑfrd ØkfUr@'kf'kçdk'k 30-00
3- D;ksa ekvksokn\@'kf'kçdk'k 20-00
4- cqtqZvk oxZ ds Åij loZrkseq[kh vfèkuk;dRo
ykxw djus ds ckjs esa@pkÄ pqu&fp;kvks 5-00
5- Hkkjrh; Ñf"k esa iw¡thoknh fodkl@lq[kfoUnj 35-00
vkàku iqfLrdk Ükà[kyk
1- Nk=k&ukStoku u;h 'kq#vkr dgk¡ ls djsa\ 15-00
2- vkj{k.k % i{k] foi{k vkSj rhljk i{k 15-00
3- vkradokn ds ckjs esa % foHkze vkSj ;FkkFkZ 15-00
4- ØkfUrdkjh Nk=k&;qok vkUnksyu 15-00
5- Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj mlds lekèkku dk loky
lkspus ds fy, dqN eqís 50-00
fcxqy iqfLrdk Ükà[kyk
1- dE;qfuLV ikVhZ dk laxBu vkSj mldk <k¡pk@ysfuu 10-00
2- edM+k vkSj eD[kh@foYgsYe yhCus[+r 5-00
- 10 -
3- VªsM;wfu;u dke ds tuoknh rjho+Qs@lsxsZbZ jksLrksoLdh 5-00
4- ebZ fnol dk bfrgkl@vysDt+S.Mj VªSDVucxZ 10-00
5- isfjl dE;wu dh vej dgkuh 20-00
6- vDVwcj ØkfUr dh e'kky 15-00
7- taxyukek % ,d jktuhfrd leh{kk@MkW- n'kZu [ksM+h 5-00
8- ykHkdkjh ewY;] ykxr ewY;] eè;e fdlku vkSj NksVs iSekus
ds eky mRiknu ds ckjs esa ekDlZoknh n`f"Vdks.k % ,d cgl 30-00
9- la'kks/uokn ds ckjs esa 10-00
10- f'kdkxks ds 'kghn et+nwj usrkvksa dh dgkuh@gkoMZ i+QkLV 10-00
11- et+nwj vkUnksyu esa u;h 'kq#vkr ds fy, 20-00
12- et+nwj uk;d] ØkfUrdkjh ;ks¼k 15-00
13- pksj] Hkz"V vkSj foyklh usrk'kkgh ---
14- cksyrs vk¡dM+s] ph[k+rh lPpkb;k¡ ---
15- jktèkkuh ds esgurd'k % ,d vè;;u@vfHkuo 30-00
16- i+Qklhokn D;k gS vkSj blls dSls yM+sa\@vfHkuo 75-00
17- usikyh ØkfUr % bfrgkl] orZeku ifjfLFkfr vkSj vkxs ds jkLrs
ls tqM+h dqN ckrsa] dqN fopkj@vkyksd jatu 55-00
18- dSlk gS ;g yksdra=k vkSj ;g lafoèkku fdudh lsok djrk gS
vkyksd jatu@vkuUn flag 100-00
ekDlZokn
1- èkeZ ds ckjs esa@ekDlZ] ,axsYl 100-00
2- dE;qfuLV ikVhZ dk ?kks"k.kki=k@ekDlZ&,axsYl 25-00
3- lkfgR; vkSj dyk@ekDlZ&,axsYl 150-00
4- ç+Qkal esa oxZ&la?k"kZ@dkyZ ekDlZ 40-00
5- ç+Qkal esa x`g;q¼@dkyZ ekDlZ 20-00
6- ywbZ cksukikrZ dh vBkjgoha czwesj@dkyZ ekDlZ 35-00
7- mt+jrh Je vkSj iw¡th@dkyZ ekDlZ 15-00
8- et+nwjh] nke vkSj equki+Qk@dkyZ ekDlZ 20-00
9- xksFkk dk;ZØe dh vkykspuk@dkyZ ekDlZ 40-00
10- yqMfox i+Qk;jck[k+ vkSj Dykfldh; teZu n'kZu dk vUr@
ç+QsMfjd ,axsYl 20-00
- 11 -
11- teZuh esa ØkfUr rFkk çfrØkfUr@ç+QsMfjd ,axsYl 30-00
12- lektokn % dkYifud rFkk oSKkfud@ç+QsMfjd ,axsYl ---
13- ikVhZ dk;Z ds ckjs esa@ysfuu 15-00
14- ,d o+Qne vkxs] nks o+Qne ihNs@ysfuu 60-00
15- tuoknh ØkfUr esa lkekftd&tuokn ds nks j.kdkS'ky@ysfuu 25-00
16- lektokn vkSj ;q¼@ysfuu 20-00
17- lkezkT;okn % iw¡thokn dh pje voLFkk@ysfuu 30-00
18- jkT; vkSj ØkfUr@ysfuu 40-00
19- loZgkjk ØkfUr vkSj x+íkj dkmRLdh@ysfuu 15-00
20- nwljs b.Vjus'kuy dk iru@ysfuu 15-00
21- xk¡o ds x+jhcksa ls@ysfuu ---
22- ekDlZokn dk foÑr :i rFkk lkezkT;oknh vFkZokn@ysfuu 20-00
23- dkyZ ekDlZ vkSj mudh f'k{kk@ysfuu 20-00
24- D;k djsa\@ysfuu ---
25- ¶okeiUFkh¸ dE;qfuT+e & ,d cpdkuk etZ+@ysfuu ---
26- ikVhZ lkfgR; vkSj ikVhZ laxBu@ysfuu 15-00
27- turk ds chp ikVhZ dk dke@ysfuu 70-00
28- èkeZ ds ckjs es@a ysfuu 20-00
29- rksYLrks; ds ckjs esa@ysfuu 10-00
30- ekDlZokn dh ewy leL;k,¡@th- Iys[k+kukso 30-00
31- tq>k: HkkSfrdokn@Iys[k+kukso 35-00
32- ysfuuokn ds ewy fl¼kUr@Lrkfyu 50-00
33- lksfo;r la?k dh dE;qfuLV ikVhZ (cksY'ksfod) dk bfrgkl 90-00
34- ekvks Rls&rqÄ dh jpuk,¡ % çfrfufèk p;u (,d [k.M esa) ---
35- dE;qfuLV thou'kSyh vkSj dk;Z'kSyh ds ckjs esa@ekvks Rls&rqÄ ---
36- lksfo;r vFkZ'kkL=k dh vkykspuk@ekvks Rls&rqÄ 35-00
37- n'kZu fo"k;d ik¡p fucUèk@ekvks Rls&rqÄ 70-00
38- dyk&lkfgR; fo"k;d ,d Hkk"k.k vkSj ik¡p nLrkost+ @
ekvks Rls&rqÄ 15-00
39- ekvks Rls&rqÄ dh jpukvksa ds m¼j.k 50-00
- 12 -
vU; ekDlZoknh lkfgR;
1- jktuhfrd vFkZ'kkL=k] ekDlZoknh vè;;u ikBÔØe u;h 300-00
2- [kzq'pso >wBk Fkk@xzksoj i+Qj 300-00
3- jktuhfrd vFkZ'kkL=k ds ewyHkwr fl¼kUr (nks [k.Mksa esa)
(fn 'ka?kkbZ VsDLVcqd vkWi+Q iksfyfVdy bdksukWeh) 160-00
4- isfjl dE;wu dh f'k{kk,¡ (lfp=k) ,ysDt+s.Mj VªDS VucxZ 10-00
5- dE;qfuLV ikVhZ dk ?kks"k.kki=k@Mh- fj;kt+kukso 100-00
(foLr`r O;k[;kRed fVIif.k;ksa lfgr)
6- }U}kRed HkkSfrdokn@MsfoM xsLV ---
7- egku loZgkjk lkaLÑfrd ØkfUr % pqus gq, nLrkost+
vkSj ys[k ([k.M 1) 35-00
8- bfrgkl us tc djoV cnyh@fofy;e fg.Vu 25-00
9- }U}kRed HkkSfrdokn@oh- vnksjkRLdh 50-00
10- vDVwcj ØkfUr vkSj ysfuu@vYcVZ jhl fofy;El 90-00
(egÙoiw.kZ u;h lkexzh vkSj vusd u;s nqyZHk fp=kksa ls lfTtr ifjo£¼r laLdj.k)
11- lksfo;r la?k esa iw¡thokn dh iquLFkkZiuk@ek£Vu fudksyl 50-00
jkgqy lkfgR;
1- rqEgkjh {k;@jkgqy lkaÑR;k;u 40-00
2- fnekx+h X+kqykeh@jkgqy lkaÑR;k;u ---
3- oSKkfud HkkSfrdokn@jkgqy lkaÑR;k;u 65-00
4- jkgqy fucUèkkoyh@jkgqy lkaÑR;k;u 50-00
5- Lrkfyu % ,d thouh@jkgqy lkaÑR;k;u 150-00
ijEijk dk Lej.k
1- pquh gqbZ jpuk,¡@x.ks'k'kadj fo|kFkhZ 100-00
2- lyk[kksa ds ihNs ls@x.ks'k'kadj fo|kFkhZ 30-00
3- bZ'oj dk cfg"dkj@jkèkkeksgu xksdqyth 30-00
4- ykSfdd ekxZ@jkèkkeksgu xksdqyth 20-00
5- èkeZ dk <dkslyk@jkèkkeksgu xksdqyth 30-00
6- fL=k;ksa dh Lokèkhurk@jkèkkeksgu xksdqyth 30-00
- 13 -
thouh vkSj laLej.k
1- dkyZ ekDlZ thou vkSj f'k{kk,¡@ts+YMk dksV~l 25-00
2- iz+QsMfjd ,axsYl % thou vkSj f'k{kk,¡@t+sYMk dksV~l ---
3- dkyZ ekDlZ % laLej.k vkSj ys[k ---
4- vnE; cksY'ksfod urk'kk
(,d L=kh et+nwj laxBudrkZ dh laf{kIr thouh)@,y- dkrk'ksok 30-00
5- ysfuu dFkk@ejh;k fçyst+k;sok 70-00
6- ysfuu fo"k;d dgkfu;k¡ 75-00
7- ysfuu ds thou ds pUn iUus@yhfn;k i+Qksfr;sok ---
8- Lrkfyu % ,d thouh@jkgqy lkaÑR;k;u 150-00
fofoèk
1- iQk¡lh ds r[+rs ls@twfy;l Ý+;wfpd 30-00
2- iki vkSj foKku@Mk;lu dkVZj 100-00
3- lkisf{kdrk fl¼kUr D;k gS\@yso yUnkÅ] ;wjh :esj ----
eqfDrdkeh Nk=kks&a ;qokvksa dk
vkàku
lEikndh; dk;kZy;
ch&100] eqdqUn fogkj] djkoy uxj]
fnYyh&110094
,d çfr % 20 #i;s • okf"kZd % 160 #i;s (MkdO;; lfgr)
- 14 -
Rahul Foundation
MARXIST CLASSICS
KARL MARX
1. A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy 100.00
2. The Civil War in France 80.00
3. The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 40.00
4. Critique of the Gotha Programme 25.00
5. Preface and Introduction to
A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy 25.00
6. The Poverty of Philosophy 80.00
7. Wages, Price and Profit 35.00
8. Class Struggles in France 50.00
FREDERICK ENGELS
9. The Peasant War in Germany 70.00
10. Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of
Classical German Philosophy 65.00
11. On Capital 55.00
12. The Origin of the Family, Private Property
and the State 100.00
13. Socialism: Utopian and Scientific 60.00
14. On Marx 20.00
15. Principles of Communism 5.00
MARX and ENGELS
16. Historical Writings (Set of 2 Vols.) 700.00
17. Manifesto of the Communist Party 50.00
18. Selected Letters 40.00
V. I. LENIN
19. Theory of Agrarian Question 160.00
20. The Collapse of the Second International 25.00
21. Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism 80.00
22. Materialism and Empirio-Criticism 150.00
- 15 -
23. Two Tactics of Social-Democracy
in the Democratic Revolution 55.00
24. Capitalism and Agriculture 30.00
25. A Characterisation of Economic Romanticism 50.00
26. On Marx and Engels 35.00
27. “Left-Wing” Communism, An Infantile Disorder 40.00
28. Party Work in the Masses 55.00
29. The Proletarian Revolution and
the Renegade Kautsky 40.00
30. One Step Forward, Two Steps Back ...
31. The State and Revolution ...
MARX, ENGELS and LENIN
32. On the Dictatorship of Proletariat,
Questions and Answers 50.00
33. On the Dictatorship of the Proletariat:
Selected Expositions 10.00
PLEKHANOV
34. Fundamental Problems of Marxism 35.00
J. STALIN
35. Marxism and Problems of Linguistics 25.00
36. Anarchism or Socialism? 25.00
37. Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR 30.00
38. On Organisation 15.00
39. The Foundations of Leninism 40.00
40. The Essential Stalin Major Theoretical Writings 1905–52 175.00
(Edited and with an Introduction by Bruce Franklin)
LENIN and STALIN
41. On the Party ...
MAO TSE-TUNG
42. Five Essays on Philosophy 50.00
43. A Critique of Soviet Economics 70.00
44. On Literature and Art 80.00
- 16 -
45. Selected Readings from the
Works of Mao Tse-tung ...
46. Quotations from the Writings of Mao Tse-tung ...
OTHER MARXISM
1. Political Economy, Marxist Study Courses
(Prepared by the British Communist Party in the 1930s) 275.00
2. Fundamentals of Political Economy
(The Shanghai Textbook) 160.00
3. Reader in Marxist Philosophy/
Howard Selsam & Harry Martel ...
4. Socialism and Ethics/Howard Selsam ...
5. What Is Philosophy? (A Marxist Introduction)/
Howard Selsam 75.00
6. Reader’s Guide to Marxist Classics/Maurice Cornforth 70.00
7. From Marx to Mao Tse-tung /George Thomson ...
8. Capitalism and After/George Thomson ...
9. The Human Essence/George Thomson 65.00
10. Mao Tse-tung’s Immortal Contributions/Bob Avakian 125.00
11. A Basic Understanding of the Communist Party
(Written during the GPCR in China) 150.00
12. The Lessons of the Paris Commune/
Alexander Trachtenberg (Illustrated) 15.00
BIOGRAPHIES & REMINISCENCES

1. Reminiscences of Marx and Engels (Collection) ...
2. Karl Marx And Frederick Engels:
An Introduction to their Lives and Work/David Riazanov ...
3. Joseph Stalin: A Political Biography
by The Marx-Engels-Lenin Institute ...
PROBLEMS OF SOCIALISM
1. How Capitalism was Restored in the Soviet Union, And
What This Means for the World Struggle
(Red Papers 7) 175.00
- 17 -
2. Preface of Class Struggles in the USSR /
Charles Bettelheim 30.00
3. Nepalese Revolution: History, Present Situation and
Some Points, Some Thoughts on the Road Ahead /
Alok Ranjan 75.00
4. Problems of Socialism, Capitalist Restoration and
the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution /
Shashi Prakash 40.00
ON THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION

1. Hundred Day War: The Cultural Revolution At Tsinghua
University / William Hinton ...
2. The Cultural Revolution at Peking University /
Victor Nee with Don Layman 30.00
3. Mao Tse-tung’s Last Great Battle / Raymond Lotta 25.00
4. Turning Point in China / William Hinton ...
5. Cultural Revolution and Industrial Organization
in China / Charles Bettelheim 55.00
6. They Made Revolution Within
the Revolution / Iris Hunter ...
ON SOCIALIST CONSTRUCTION
1. Away With All Pests: An English Surgeon in
People’s China: 1954–1969 / Joshua S. Horn ...
2. Serve The People: Observations on Medicine in
the People’s Republic of China /Victor W. Sidel and Ruth Sidel ...
3. Philosophy is No Mystery
(Peasants Put Their Study to Work) 35.00
CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
1. Caste and Class: A Marxist Viewpoint /
Ranganayakamma 60.00
DAYITVABODH REPRINT SERIES
1. Immortal are the Flames of Proletarian Struggles /
Deepayan Bose 15.00
- 18 -
2. Problems of Socialism, Capitalist Restoration and
the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution /
Shashi Prakash 40.00
3. Why Maoism? / Shashi Prakash 25.00
AHWAN REPRINT SERIES
1. Where Should Students and Youth Make a New Beginning?
2. Reservation: Support, Opposition and Our Position 20.00
3. On Terrorism : Illusion and Reality / Alok Ranjan 15.00
BIGUL REPRINT SERIES
1. Still Ablaze is the Torch of October Revolution 20.00
2. Nepalese Revolution History, Present Situation and Some
Points, Some Thoughts on the Road Ahead /
Alok Ranjan 75.00
WOMEN QUESTION
1. The Emancipation of Women / V. I. Lenin ...
2. Breaking All Tradition’s Chains: Revolutionary
Communism and Women’s Liberation /Mary Lou Greenberg...
MISCELLANEOUS
1. Probabilities of the Quantum World / Daniel Danin ...
2. An Appeal to the Young / Peter Kropotkin 15.00
et+njw ksa dk bUo+Qykch ekfld v[k+ckj

et+nwj ,d izfr % 5 #i;s
fcxqy et+nwj okf"kZd % 70 #i;s

(Mkd O;; lfgr)
lEikndh; dk;kZy;
69 ,&1] ckck dk iqjok] isij fey jksM]
fu'kkrxat] y[kuÅ&226006
i+Qksu % 0522&4108495
bZesy % bigulakhbar@gmail.com
osclkbV % mazdoorbigul.net
- 19 -
vjfoUn Le`fr U;kl ds izdk'ku
1- bDdhloha lnh esa Hkkjr dk et+nwj vkUnksyu% fujUrjrk vkSj
ifjorZu] fn'kk vkSj lEHkkouk,¡] leL;k,¡ vkSj pqukSfr;k¡
(f}rh; vjfoUn Le`fr laxks"Bh ds vkys[k) 40-00
2- Hkkjr esa tuoknh vf/dkj vkUnksyu% fn'kk] leL;k,¡ vkSj pqukSfr;k¡
(r`rh; vjfoUn Le`fr laxks"Bh ds vkys[k) 80-00
3- tkfr iz'u vkSj ekDlZokn
(prqFkZ vjfoUn Le`fr laxks"Bh ds vkys[k) 150-00
PUBLICATIONS FROM
ARVIND MEMORIAL TRUST
1. Working Class Movement in the Twenty-First Century:
Continuity and Change, Orientation and Possibilities,
Problems and Challenges (Papers presented in the
Second Arvind Memorial Seminar) 40.00
2. Democratic Rights Movement in India: Orientation,
Problems and Challenges (Papers presented in the
Third Arvind Memorial Seminar) 80.00
3. Caste Question and Marxism (Papers presented in the
Fourth Arvind Memorial Seminar) 200.00
tupsruk
,d oSpkfjd eqfge gS
Hkfo";&fuekZ.k dk ,d izkstsDV gS
oSdfYid ehfM;k dh ,d l'kDr èkkjk gSA
ifjdYiuk çdk'ku] jkgqy i+Qkm.Ms'ku] vuqjkx VªLV] vjfoUn Le`fr U;kl]
'kghn Hkxrflag ;knxkjh çdk'ku] nLrd çdk'ku vkSj çkaty vkVZ ifCy'klZ
dh iqLrdksa dh ^tupsruk* eq[; forjd gSA ;s çdk'ku ik¡p Ïksrksa & ljdkj]
jktuhfrd ikfVZ;ksa] dkWjiksjsV ?kjkuksa] cgqjk"Vªh; fuxeksa vkSj fons'kh i+Qf.Max
,tsafl;ksa ls fdlh Hkh çdkj dk vuqnku ;k foÙkh; lgk;rk fy;s fcuk turk
ls tqVk;s x;s lalkèkuksa ds vkèkkj ij vkt ds nkSj ds fy, t+:jh o egÙoiw.kZ
lkfgR; csgn lLrh njksa ij miyCèk djkus ds fy, çfrc¼ gSaA
- 20 -
vuqjkx VªLV
1- cPpksa ds ysfuu 35-00
2 Stories About Lenin 35.00
3- lp ls cM+k lp@johUnzukFk Bkdqj 25-00
4- vkSt+kjksa dh dgkfu;k¡ 20-00
5- xqM+ dh Myh@dkR;k;uh 20-00
6- iQwy dqaMykdkj D;ksa gksrs gS@a luh 20-00
7- èkjrh vkSj vkdk'k@v- oksYdkso 120-00
8- dtkdh@izsepUn 35-00
9- uhyk I;kyk@vjdknh xSnkj 40-00
10- xM+fj;s dh dgkfu;k¡@d+;we raxjhdqyh;so 35-00
11- phaVh vkSj vUrfj{k ;k=kh@v- feR;k;so 35-00
12- vUèkfo'oklh 'ksdh Vsy@lsxsZbZ fe[kkYdkso 20-00
13- pyrk&fiQjrk gSV@,u- ukslkso] gksYdj iqDd 20-00
14- pkykd ykseM+h (yksddFkk) 20-00
15- fn;kadk&VkWefpd 20-00
16- xèkk vkSj Ånfcyko@efDle xksdhZ] lsxsZbZ fe[kkYdkso 20-00
17- xqiQk ekuoksa dh dgkfu;k¡@eSjh eklZ ---
18- ge lwjt dks ns[k ldrs gS@a fedksyk fxy] nk;j Lykodksfop 20-00
19- eqlhcr dk lkFkh@lsxsZbZ fe[kkYdkso 20-00
20- uUgs vkFkZj dk lwjt@g|kd X;qyut+j;ku] xsyhuk yscsnsok 20-00
22- vkdk'k esa ekSt&eLrh@fpuqvk vpscs 20-00
23- ft+Unxh ls I;kj (nks jksekapd dgkfu;k¡)@tSd y.Mu 40-00
24- ,d NksVs yM+ds vkSj ,d NksVh
yM+dh dh dgkuh@efDle xksdhZ 20-00
25- cgknqj@vejdkUr 15-00
26- cqUuw dh ijh{kk (lfp=k jaxhu)@'kL;k g"kZ ---
- 21 -
27- nkUdks dk tyrk gqvk ân;@efDle xksdhZ 15-00
28- uUgk jktdqekj@vkrqvku n lSarsDT+kwisjh 40-00
29- nknk vk£[ki vkSj Y;ksadk@efDle xksdhZ 30-00
30- lsekxk dSls idM+k x;k@efDle xksdhZ 15-00
31- ckt+ dk xhr@efDle xksdhZ 15-00
32- okadk@vUrksu ps[k+o 15-00
33- rksrk@johUæukFk VSxksj 15-00
34- iksLVekLVj@johUæukFk VSXkksj ---
35- dkcqyhokyk@johUæukFk VSxksj 20-00
36- viuk&viuk HkkX;@tSusUæ 15-00
37- fnekx+ dSls dke djrk gS@fd'kksj 25-00
38- jkeyhyk@çsepUn 15-00
39- nks cSyksa dh dFkk@çsepUn 25-00
40- bZnxkg@çsepUn ---
41- ykWVjh@çsepUn 20-00
42- xqYyh&M.Mk@çsepUn ---
43- cM+s HkkbZ lkgc@çsepUn 20-00
44- eksVsjke 'kkL=kh@çsepUn ---
45- gkj dh thr@lqn'kZu ---
46- boku@Oyknhfej cksxkseksykso 40-00
47- pedrk yky flrkjk@yh f'ku&F;su 55-00
48- mYVk nj[+r@Ñ'upUnj 35-00
49- gjkeh@fe[kkbZy 'kksyks[k+kso 25-00
50- nksu fdgksrs @lokZUrsl (ukV~; :ikUrj & uhys'k j?kqoa'kh) ---
51- vk'p;Zyksd esa ,fyl @yqbl dSjksy
(ukV~; :ikUrj & uhys'k j?kqoa'kh) 30-00
52- >k¡lh dh jkuh y{ehckbZ@oÙnkouyky oekZ
(ukV~; :ikUrj & uhys'k j?kqoa'kh) 35-00
53- uUgs xqnM+hyky ds lkgfld dkjukes@lqu ;vksP;qu ---
54- yk[kh@vUrksu ps[k+o 25-00
55- csf>u pjkxkg@boku rqxZuso 12-00
- 22 -
56- fgjukSVk@n~eh=kh ekfeu flfc;kZd 25-00
57- ?kj dh yyd@fudksykbZ rsys'kkso 10-00
58- cl ,d ;kn@ysvksuhn vUæs;so 20-00
59- enkjh@vysDlkUæ dqfçu 35-00
60- ijk;s ?kksalys esa@Ý+;ksnksj nksLrks;sOLdh 20-00
61- dksgdki+Q dk cUnh@rksYlrks; 30-00
62- euekuh ds ets+@lsxsZbZ fe[kkYdkso 30-00
63- lnkuUn dh NksVh nqfu;k@lR;thr jk; 15-00
64- Nr ij iQ¡l x;k fcYyk@forkmrs ftfyUldkbrs 35-00
65- xksyw ds dkjukes@jkeckcw 25-00
66- nks lkgfld dgkfu;k¡@gksYxj iqDd 15-00
67- vke ft+Unxh dh ets+nkj dgkfu;k¡@gksYxj iqDd 20-00
68- daxwjs okys edku dk jgL;e; ekeyk@gksYxj iqDd 20-00
69- jkst+ejsZ dh dgkfu;k¡@gksYxj iqDd 20-00
70- vthcksx+jhc fo+QLls@gksYxj iqDd ---
71- u;s t+ekus dh ijhdFkk,¡@gksYxj iqDd 25-00
72- fdLlk ;g fd ,d nsgkrh us nks
vi+Qljksa dk dSls isV Hkjk@fe[kkby lfYrdkso&'psfæu 15-00
73- i'pn`f"V&Hkfo";n`f"V (ys[k ladyu)@ deyk ik.Ms; 30-00
74- ;knksa ds ?ksjs esa vrhr (laLej.k)@ deyk ik.Ms; 100-00
75- gekjs vklikl dk v¡èksjk (dgkfu;k¡)@ deyk ik.Ms; 60-00
76- dkyeUFku (miU;kl)@ deyk ik.Ms; 60-00
dksia y
cPpksa ds lexz oSKkfud vkSj
lkaLÏfrd fodkl ds fy, lefiZr
vuqjkx VªLV dh =Sekfld if=dk
Mh&68] fujkyk uxj] y[kuÅ&226020
,d izfr % 20 #i;s]
okf"kZ d % 100 #i;s (MkdO;; lfgr)
- 23 -
iatkch çdk'ku
çÃåÕ êz Õ Åôé
îËÕÇÃî ×¯ðÕÆ çÅ ÃòË-ÜÆòéÆ éÅòñ (Çå§é íÅ×Åº ÇòµÚ)
A. î¶ðÅ ìÚêé AC@.@@
B. î¶ð¶ Çòôò-ÇòÇçÁÅñ¶ A@@.@@
C. î¶ð¶ ôÇ×ðçÆ ç¶ Ççé B@@.@@
D. êz¶î, êz§êðÅ Áå¶ Çòçð¯Ô / ÕÅÇåÁÅÂÆéÆ B@.@@

E. æÆÂ¶àð çÅ Ã§Ö¶ê åðÕôÅÃåð / ìzËõå AE.@@
F. ÁÅÂÆÜ¶ºÃåÅÂÆé çÅ Çëñî ÇÃèÅºå AE.@@
G. î÷ç±ð ÜîÅåÆ Ã§×Æå ðÚéÅòÅº çÆÁÅº ÃîµÇÃÁÅòÅº A@.@@
H. êÇÔñÅ ÁÇèÁÅêÕ / Ú§×¶÷ ÁÅÇÂåîÅå¯ò (éÅòñ) BE.@@
I. ôÅºå ÃðØÆ ò¶ñÅ / ì¯ÇðÃ òÅÃÆÇñï¶ò (éÅòñ) C@.@@
A@. íÅºÜ / ÁñË×÷Åºçð øç¶ï¶ò (éÅòñ) A@@.@@
AA. ë½ñÅçÆ Ôó / ÁñË×÷Åºçð ÃðÅøÆî¯ÇòÚ (éÅòñ) A@@.@@
AB. ÇÂÕåÅÿÆòÅº / ì¯ÇðÃ ñòð¶Çéúò (éÅòñ) C@.@@
AC. îÅº / îËÕÇÃî ×¯ðÕÆ (éÅòñ) AH@.@@
AD. êÆÿ¶ çËºå çÅ ôÇÔð / îËÕÇÃî ×¯ðÕÆ H@.@@
AE. ÃÅÇÔå ìÅð¶ / îËÕÇÃî ×¯ðÕÆ B@@.@@
AF. ÁÃñÆ ÇÂéÃÅé çÆ ÕÔÅäÆ / ì¯ÇðÃ ê¯ñ¶òÅÂÆ (éÅòñ) B@@.@@
AG. Áµá¶ êÇÔð (ÕÔÅäÆÁÅº) ABE.@@
AH. ìÇØÁÅóÅº ç¶ òµÃ / ìð°é¯ ÁÇêåÜ (éÅòñ) A@@.@@
AI. îÆÇåzÁÅ Õ¯Õ¯ð / îÆÔÅÇÂñ ÃÅç¯ÇòÁÅé¯ (éÅòñ) A@@.@@
B@. ÇÂéÕñÅì ñÂÆ Ü±ÞÆ ÜòÅéÆ AE@.@@
BA. ìµÇÚÁÅº é±§ ÇçÁÅº Ççñ ÁÅêäÅ îËº / ò. Ã°Ö¯îÇñ§ÃÕÆ AE@.@@
BB. ëÅÃÆ ç¶ åõå¶ å¯§ / Ü±ñÆÁÃ ë±ÇÚÕ (éÅòñ) E@.@@
BC. í°µìñ / øð§÷ç ÁñÆ (êÅÇÕÃåÅéÆ ê§ÜÅì çÅ éÅòñ) B@@.@@
BD. Ãí å¯º ÖåðéÅÕ... (êÅô çÆ Ãî°µÚÆ À°êñµìè ôÅÇÂðÆ) B@@.@@
BE. èðåÆ èé éÅ ÁÅêäÅ / Ü×çÆô Ú§çð BE@.@@
- 24 -
ôÔÆç í×å ÇÃ§Ø ïÅç×ÅðÆ êzÕÅôé
A. À°Üðå, ÕÆîå Áå¶ î°éÅëÅ / îÅðÕÃ C@.@@
B. À°ÜðåÆ ÇÕðå Áå¶ ÃðîÅÇÂÁÅ / îÅðÕÃ B@.@@
C. ÇÃÁÅÃÆ ÁÅðÇæÕåÅ çÆ Áñ¯ÚéÅ ÇòµÚ ï¯×çÅé / îÅðÕÃ ABE.@@
D. ñ±ÂÆ ì¯éÅêÅðà çÆ ÁáÅðòÆº ìð±î¶ð / îÅðÕÃ E@.@@
E. ê±§ÜÆ çÆ À°åêåÆ / îÅðÕÃ DE.@@
F. ÇðÔÅÇÂôÆ ØðÅº çÅ ÃòÅñ / Â¶º×ñ÷ CE.@@
G. ÇëÀ±ðìÅÖ : êÅçðæòÅçÆ Áå¶ ÁÅçðôòÅçÆ ÇçzôàÆÕ¯äÅº
çÅ Çòð¯è / îÅðÕÃ-Â¶º×ñ÷ F@.@@
H. ÜðîéÆ ÇòµÚ ÇÂéÕñÅì Áå¶ À°ñà ÇÂéÕñÅì / Â¶º×ñ÷ E@.@@
I. îÅðÕÃ ç¶ ÒÒÃðîÅÇÂÁÅÓÓ ìÅð¶ / Â¶º×ñ÷ F@.@@
A@. ëðÅºÃ Áå¶ ÜðîéÆ ÓÚ ÇÕÃÅéÆ çÅ ÃòÅñ / Â¶º×ñ÷ B@.@@
AA. Ã¯ôÇñ÷î : ÇòÇ×ÁÅéÕ Áå¶ ï±à¯êÆÁÅÂÆ / Â¶º×ñ÷ CE.@@
AB. ÕÅðñ îÅðÕÃ ìÅð¶ / Â¶º×ñ÷ A@.@@
AC. ñ°âÇò× ÇëÀ°ðìÅÖ Áå¶ ÕñÅÃÆÕÆ Üðîé çðôé
çÅ Á§å / Â¶º×ñ÷ C@.@@
AD. àµìð, ÇéµÜÆ ÜÅÇÂçÅç Áå¶ ðÅÜ çÆ À°µåêåÆ / Â¶º×ñ÷ FE.@@
AE. ÕÅðñ îÅðÕÃ Áå¶ À°éÅº çÆ ÇÃµÇÖÁÅ / ñËÇéé CE.@@
AF. ðÅÜ Áå¶ ÇÂéÕñÅì / ñËÇéé E@.@@
AG. ç±ÜÆ ÇÂ§àðéËôéñ çÅ êåä / ñËÇéé DE.@@
AH. Ö¶åÆ ÇòµÚ ê±§ÜÆòÅç / ñËÇéé AE.@@
AI. ðÅÜ / ñËÇéé A@.@@
B@. ÃÅîðÅÜòÅç, ÃðîÅÂ¶çÅðÆ çÅ ÃðòÀ°µÚ êóÅÁ / ñËÇéé G@.@@
BA. ÇÂµÕ Õçî Áµ×¶ ç¯ Õçî ÇêµÛ¶ / ñËÇéé ABE.@@
BB. ñ¯ÕÅº ÇòµÚ Õ§î ÇÕò¶º ÕðÆÂ¶ / ñËÇéé FE.@@
BC. ÃÅÇÔå Áå¶ ÕñÅ ìÅð¶ / ñËÇéé AE@.@@
BD. ÃîÅÜòÅç Áå¶ Ü§× / ñËÇéé DE.@@
BE. Öµì¶ êµÖÆ ÕÇîÀ±Çé÷î ÇÂµÕ ìÚ×ÅéÅ ð¯× / ñËÇéé FE.@@
BF. ÁÃÆº ÇÜÔóÅ ÇòðÃÅ ÇåÁÅ×ç¶ ÔÅº / ñËÇéé BE.@@
BG. êz¯ñ¶åÅðÆ ÇÂéÕñÅì Áå¶ í×½óÅ ÕÅÀ±åÃÕÆ / ñËÇéé G@.@@
BH. ÁÅðæÕ ð¯îÅºÚòÅç çÅ ÚÇðµåð ÇÚµåðä / ñËÇéé E@.@@
- 25 -
BI. Ã°å§åð òêÅð çÅ ÃòÅñ / îÅðÕÃ, Â¶º×ñ÷, ñËÇéé A@.@@
C@. ñËÇééòÅç çÆÁÅº éÆÔÅº / ÃàÅÇñé B@.@@
CA. øñÃëÅéÅ ÇñÖåÅº / îÅú-÷¶-å°§× BE.@@
CB. Ã¯òÆÁå ÁðæôÅÃåð çÆ Áñ¯ÚéÅ / îÅú-÷¶-å°§× F@.@@
CC. îÅðÕÃòÅç ç¶ ì°ÇéÁÅçÆ îÃñ¶ / êñËÖÅé¯ò D@.@@
CD. ðÅÜéÆåÕ ÁðæôÅÃåð ç¶ î±ñ ÇÃèÅºå F@.@@
CE. ÇëñÅÃëÆ Õ¯ÂÆ ×¯ðÖè§çÅ éÔÆº A@.@@
CF. çò§çòÅç ÷ðÆÂ¶ ñ¯ÕÅº çÆ Ã¶òÅ A@.@@
CG. ÇÂÇåÔÅÃ é¶ Üç Õðòà ìçñÆ D@.@@
CH. ÇÂéÕñÅì Á§çð ÇÂéÕñÅì B@.@@
CI. îÅú-÷¶-å°§× çÆ ÁÇîµà ç¶ä ABE.@@
D@. ÚÆé ÇòµÚ À°ñà ÇÂéÕñÅì
Áå¶ îÅú çÅ ÇÂéÕñÅìÆ ÇòðÃÅ F@.@@
DA. îÅúòÅçÆ ÁðæôÅÃåð Áå¶ ÃîÅÜòÅç çÅ íÇòµÖ F@.@@
DB. ñËÇéé çÆ ÜÆòé ÕÔÅäÆ A@@.@@
DC. Áâ¯ñ ìÅñôÇòÕ éåÅôÅ C@.@@
DD. îÅðÕÃ Áå¶ Â¶º×ñ÷
ÁÅêä¶ ÃîÕÅñÆÁÅº çÆÁÅº é÷ðÅº ÇòµÚ GE.@@
DE. êËÇðÃ ÕÇîÀ±é çÆ Áîð ÕÔÅäÆ A@.@@
DF. ì°Þ éÔÆº ÃÕçÆ ÁÕå±ìð ÇÂéÕñÅì çÆ îôÅñ A@.@@
DG. çÇÔôå×ðçÆ ìÅð¶ íðî Áå¶ ïæÅðæ A@.@@
DH. ê§ÜÅì çÅ ÇÕÃÅé Á§ç¯ñé Áå¶ ÕÇîÀ±ÇéÃà ñÇÔð A@.@@
DI. Ü§×ñéÅîÅ : ÇÂµÕ ðÅÜéÆåÕ êóÚ¯ñ A@.@@
E@. íÅðåÆ Ö¶åÆ ÇòµÚ ê±§ÜÆòÅçÆ ÇòÕÅÃ B@.@@
EA. ÁÇîµà Ôé î÷ç±ð Ã§×ðÅîÅº çÆÁÅº ÇÚä×Åº A@.@@
EB. ÃîÅÜòÅç çÆÁÅº ÃîµÇÃÁÅòÅº, ê±§ÜÆòÅç çÆ î°ó ìÔÅñÆ
Áå¶ îÔÅé êz¯ñ¶åÅðÆ ÃµÇíÁÅÚÅð ÇÂéÕñÅì B@.@@
EC. ÇÕÀ°º îÅúòÅç? A@.@@
ED. Ã¯òÆÁå ï±éÆÁé ç¶ ÇÂÇåÔÅÃ ìÅð¶ êzÚÅð¶ ÜÅºç¶ Þ±á A@.@@
EE. Çð÷ðò¶ôé : êµÖ, ÇòêµÖ Áå¶ åÆÃðÅ êµÖ E.@@
EF. îÅðÕÃòÅç Áå¶ ÜÅå çÅ ÃòÅñ / Ã°ÖÇò§çð B@.@@
- 26 -
EG. îÅðÕÃòÅç ìÅð¶ Á§ì¶âÕð ç¶ ÇòÚÅð / ð§×ÅéÅÇÂÕ§îÅ AE.@@
EH. âÅ. Á§ì¶âÕð Áå¶ íÅðå çÅ Ã§ÇòèÅé / ð§×ÅéÅÇÂÕ§îÅ AE.@@
EI. âÅ. Á§ì¶âÕð : ÜÆòé Áå¶ ÇòÚÅð / ð§×ÅéÅÇÂÕ§îÅ A@.@@
F@. íÅðå ç¶ ÇÂÇåÔÅÃ ÇòµÚ ÜÅå-êÅå / êz¯. ÇÂðøÅé ÔìÆì A@.@@
FA. À°çÅðòÅçÆ éÆåÆÁÅº ç¶ AH ÃÅñ E.@@
FB. Ú¯ð, Çízôà Áå¶ ÁïÅô é¶åÅôÅÔÆ E.@@
FC. êÅê Áå¶ ÇòÇ×ÁÅé / âÅÂÆÃé ÕÅðàð F@.@@
FD. ëÅÃÆòÅç ÕÆ ÔË Áå¶ ÇÂÃ éÅÿ ÇÕò¶º ñóÆÂ¶? AE.@@
FE. ÁÅÂÆéÃàÆé ç¶ ÃîÅÇÜÕ Ãð¯ÕÅð A@.@@
FF. é½ÜòÅéÅº éÅÿ ç¯ ×µñÅº / êÆàð Õz¯ê¯àÇÕé A@.@@
FG. ÇÂéÕñÅì çÅ Ã°é¶ÔÅ
(í×å ÇÃ§Ø Áå¶ ÃÅæÆÁÅº çÆÁÅº ÇñÖåÅº) C@.@@
FH. ÁÇÜÔÅ ÃÆ ÃÅâÅ í×å ÇÃ§Ø / Çôò òðîÅ A@.@@
FI. îËº éÅÃÇåÕ ÇÕÀ°º ÔÅº? / í×å ÇÃ§Ø A@.@@
G@. í×å ÇÃ§Ø é¶ ÇÕÔÅ... / í×å ÇÃ§Ø E.@@
GA. í×å ÇÃ§Ø å¶ À°Ãç¶ ÃÅæÆÁÅº
çÅ ÇòÚÅðèÅðÕ ÇòÕÅÃ / êz¯. Çìêé Ú§çðÅ A@.@@
GB. ÇÂéÕñÅìÆ ñÇÔð çÅ ÇÃèÅºåÕ ÇòÕÅÃ / Çôò òðîÅ A@.@@
GC. ôÔÆç Ú§çð ô¶Öð ÁÅ÷Åç / í×òÅé çÅÃ îÔ½ð A@.@@
GD. ×çðÆ Ã±ðìÆð / êz¯. ðäèÆð ÇÃ§Ø A@.@@
GE. ôÔÆç Ã°Öç¶ò B@.@@
GF. ôÔÆç ÕðåÅð ÇÃ§Ø ÃðÅíÅ E.@@
GG. ÇòÇçÁÅðæÆ é½ÜòÅé éòÆº ô°ð±ÁÅå ÇÕµæ¯º Õðé? A@.@@
GH. Ã¯èòÅç ìÅð¶ E.@@
GI. íÅðå ÇòµÚ Ç×ÁÅé êzÃÅð çÆ ñ¯ó ÇÕÀ°º? / Ã°ÖÇò§çð AE.@@
H@. òèçÆ ÁìÅçÆ AE.@@
HA. ï°µ× ÇÕò¶º ìçñç¶ Ôé? / âÅ. Á§Çîzå A@.@@
HB. èðî ìÅð¶ / ñËÇéé C@.@@
HC. îé°µÖÆ ÜÆòé ÇòµÚ îÅå-íÅôÅ çÅ îÔµåò B@.@@
HD. ÇÂµÕ êzÇåíÅ çÅ Üéî / ×ËéÇðÖ ò¯ñÕ¯ò A@@.@@
HE. íÅðå ÇòµÚ éòÀ°çÅðòÅç ç¶ ç¯ çÔÅÕ¶ / Ã°ÖÇò§çð B@.@@
- 27 -
HF. ÕÅðñ îÅðÕÃ çÅ ÕñÅ çðôé B@@.@@
HG. ÃåÅÇñé – ÇÂµÕ ÜÆòéÆ / ðÅÔ°ñ ÃÅºÕðåÅÇÂé AE@.@@
HH. ê¯ðé¯×zÅëÆ : ÇÂÕ ÃðîÅÂ¶çÅðÅ Õ¯Ôó / ÁÜ¶ êÅñ A@.@@
HI. Á½ðåÅº çÆ ×°ñÅîÆ çÅ ÁÅðÇæÕ ÁèÅð / ÃÆåÅ A@.@@
Áé°ðÅ× àðµÃà (ìµÇÚÁÅº ñÂÆ)

A. ÇÂòÅé / òñÅçÆîÆ ì×Åîñ¯ò CE.@@
B. òÅºÕÅ / Áéå¯é ÚËÖ¯ò A@.@@
C. ÇÕÃîå ÁÅê¯-ÁÅêäÆ / ÜËé¶ºçð B@.@@
D. Õ¯Ô¶ÕÅø çÅ ÕËçÆ / åÅñÃåÅÂ¶ C@.@@
E. Ûµå Óå¶ ëÃ Ç×ÁÅ ÇìµñÅ Áå¶ Ô¯ð ÕÔÅäÆÁÅº B@.@@
F. ÁÜÆì¯-×ðÆì ÇÕµÃ¶ / Ô¯ñ×ð ê°µÕ B@.@@
G. ç¯ ÇÔ§îåÆ ÕÔÅäÆÁÅº / Ô¯ñ×ð ê°µÕ AE.@@
H. éò¶º ÷îÅé¶ çÆÁÅº êðÆ-ÕæÅòÅº / Ô¯ñ×ð ê°µÕ B@.@@
I. ÁÃÆº Ã±ðÜ é±§ ò¶Ö ÃÕç¶ ÔÅº / ÇîÕ¯ñ Ç×µñ A@.@@
A@. ×°ëÅ îÅéòÅº çÆÁÅº ÕÔÅäÆÁÅº / îËðÆ îÅðÃ B@.@@
AA. ÇÕµÃÅ ÇÂÔ ÇÕ ÇÂµÕ ê¶ºâ± é¶ ç¯ ÁøÃð ôÇÔðÆ
ÁëÃðÅº çÅ Çãµâ ÇÕò¶º íÇðÁÅ / ÇîÖÅÂÆñ ôÚ¶Ççzé AE.@@
AB. ÃçÅé§ç çÆ Û¯àÆ ç°éÆÁÅº / ÃµÇåÁÅÜÆå ðÅÂ¶ A@.@@
AC. ìÅ÷ çÅ ×Æå / îËÕÇÃî ×¯ðÕÆ A@.@@
AD. ìµÃ ÇÂµÕ ïÅç / ÇñúÇéç ÁÅºçð¶ï¶ò A@.@@
AE. çÅçÅ ÁðõÆê Áå¶ ÇñúéÕÅ / ×¯ðÕÆ B@.@@
AF. çÅéÕ¯ çÅ ìÿçÅ Ô¯ÇÂÁÅ Ççñ / ×¯ðÕÆ A@.@@
AG. Øð çÆ ññÕ / ÇéÕ¯ñÅÂÆ å¶ñ¶ô¯ò B@.@@
AH. ×°µñÆ-â§âÅ / êz¶îÚ§ç A@.@@
AI. ÔÅð çÆ ÇÜµå / ô°çðôé A@.@@
B@. ÔðÅîÆ / ÇîõÅÇÂñ ô¯ñ¯õ¯ò B@.@@
BA. ÕÅì°ñÆòÅÿÅ / ðÇò§çðéÅæ àË×¯ð A@.@@
BB. î°ÃÆìå çÅ ÃÅæÆ / Ã¶ð¶×ÂÆ ÇîÖÅñÕ¯ò A@.@@
BC. ê¯ÃàîÅÃàð / ðÇò§çðéÅæ àË×¯ð A@.@@
- 28 -
BD. ðÅîñÆñÅ / êz¶îÚ§ç A@.@@
BE. Ã¶îÅ×Å ÇÕò¶º ëÇóÁÅ Ç×ÁÅ / ×¯ðÕÆ A@.@@
BF. å°ðçÅ-ÇëðçÅ à¯ê / ÁËµé. é¯Ã¯ò A@.@@
BG. ì¶ÇÜé ÚðÅ×ÅÔ / ÇÂòÅé å°ð×¶é¶ò B@.@@
BH. À°ñàÅ ð°µÖ / ÇÕzôéÚ§çð CE.@@
BI. òµâ¶ íÅÂÆ ÃÅÔì / êz¶îÚ§ç A@.@@
C@. ÇÂµÕ Û¯à¶ î°§â¶ Áå¶ Õ°óÆ çÆ ÕÔÅäÆ ÇÜÔó¶ ìðøÆñÆ
á§â ÓÚ ÕÅºì¶ éÅÿ îð¶ éÔÆº / îËÕÇÃî ×¯ðÕÆ A@.@@
CA. ìÔÅçð / ÁîðÕÅºå A@.@@
CB. ÇÔðé¯àÅ / çÇîåðÆ îÅÇîé ÇÃÇìð¶ÁÅÕ A@.@@
——::——
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Rahul Sankrityayan - Dimagi Gulami (1) - 1

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Rahul Sankrityayan - Dimagi Gulami (1) - 1

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fnekxh xqykeh

Dimagi Gulami by Rahul Sankritayayan

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1 fnekxh xqykeh -------------------------------------------------- 11

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BIOGRAPHIES & REMINISCENCES

ON THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION

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Áé°ðÅ× àðµÃà (ìµÇÚÁÅº ñÂÆ)

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