In our recent world, migration from the origin countries to other countries is no longer a voluntary type, but it

becomes a forced migration due to numerous factors after the outbreak of World War I and II. Before mentioning those
reasons, it is greatly urgent to know that there were hundreds of millions of people around the world to leave their
homes in the world and estimated that 1 person is uprooted every 2 seconds as of 2020.
Forced migration results from a various range of circumstances. It is usually the consequence of sudden, life-
threatening events such as war and conflict-induced, disaster-induced, disease outbreak, and hunger. First and foremost,
one of the most common factors for forced migration around the world in conflict. In the wake of violence and ethnic
cleansing along with the escalation of ongoing tension and violence, the United Nations deemed the plight of the
Rohingya the “fastest-growing refugee emergency” in the world. Forced migration has been a popular norm in the
Middle East in most of the 21st Century. For example, Syria’s deadly civil war has caused over 11 million instances of
forced migration, while the Democratic Republic of Congo has the highest number of displaced people on the continent
of Africa, with about 6 million inhabitants forced from their homes by various conflicts. Besides, South Sudan has been
continuously afflicted by war-induced migration during its short existence.
Another serious factor that causes forced migration is disaster-induced, especially drought and flooding. A single
drought can give disaster for communities whose livelihoods rely on regular, successful harvests. In several African
countries where Concern works — including Somalia, Kenya, and Ethiopia — droughts have become increasingly
severe, leaving millions of citizens without the capability to grow food. This leaves families without access to clean
water, which means going for days without food and resorting to using contaminated water. Moreover, the areas
devastated by rains and heavy flooding left 200,000 homes in their wake of destruction. An estimated 1.5 million
citizens or more than 10% of the country were left in need of humanitarian assistance and damages at $1.9 billion. In
summary, events prompted by climate change such as drought and flooding could constitute up to 1.4 billion forced
migrations by the year 2060. By 2100, they estimated that number would surpass 2 billion.
Furthermore, famine’s connection to drought as well as war and conflict means a lack of access to markets and fields, or
that crops and food supplies are destroyed or stolen. Without any other alternatives, families affected by food shortages
are often separated by forced migration and other families leave as a unit to begin their life in a new country. Also, as
COVID-19 spreads across countries, the impact of the pandemic could be much better in countries impacted by conflict
and violence. This pandemic especially poses a threat to forcibly displaced refugees, who usually live in overcrowded
camps or host communities with overstretched local health systems.
Last but not least, the uprooted factors for migration are the economic challenges that may impact individuals in
their original countries. Temporary and permanent migrant workers commonly relocate from countries like Niger and
Mali to Ghana for more chances to work and support their families. Nigeria, for example, has one of the fastest-
escalating populations in the world; however, the country is unable to keep up with the demand for jobs as the majority
of Nigeriens become old enough to enter the workforce.
In 2020, there were about 80 million forcibly displaced worldwide as a result of conflict, persecution, violence, human
rights violations, or events seriously disturbing public order. There were about 117,000 new forced migrations
associated with conflict and violence and 30,000 as a result of disasters in the first half of 2020.
4 specific countries suffered from the most serious displacement like the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Syria,
Venezuela, and Yemen, which represents just a few of the many hotspots in 2020 driving people to seek refuge and
safety within their country or flee abroad to find protection.
Yemen leads the IRC’s Watchlist for the second year running due to a prolonged civil war that has created 3.65 million
internally displaced people since 2015. There are over 24 million Yemenis - 80 percent of the population who require
humanitarian assistance, making it already the largest humanitarian crisis in the world.
At just over 5 million people, the Democratic Republic of Congo accounts for the largest internally displaced population
in Africa with 15.9 million people requiring humanitarian assistance and 15.6 suffering from crisis levels of food
insecurity. Congo is at the center of the second-largest Ebola outbreak in history.
More than half of Syria’s population has been displaced by conflict since 2011 and the war has created 5.7 million
refugees. Eleven million Syrians – nearly 65 percent of the population need humanitarian assistance.
At least half of the people influenced by the Syrian refugee crisis are children. Most of the forced migrants, fleeing the
violence in Syria, make their way to Lebanon, Iraq, and Jordan. Unfortunately, the refugees and residents in these
countries are surviving in dangerous conditions, especially when the harsh winter weather approaches. The existing
infrastructure cannot support the arrival of displaced people.
Venezuela faces a rapidly growing humanitarian crisis rooted in terms of political and economic turmoil: 4.6 million
Venezuelans have fled the country as of November 2019; an estimated 5,000 continue to leave every day.
Approximately a quarter of the population within Venezuela requires humanitarian assistance, 94 percent of households
live in poverty, and 80 percent of the population encounter some level of food insecurity.