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Dutch Brazil, also known as New Holland, was the northern portion of the Portuguese
colony of Brazil, ruled by the Dutch during the Dutch colonization of the Americas
between 1630 and 1654.[1] The main cities of the Dutch colony of New Holland were
the capital Mauritsstad (today part of Recife), Frederikstadt (João Pessoa), Nieuw
Amsterdam (Natal), Saint Louis (São Luís), São Cristóvão, Fort Schoonenborch
(Fortaleza), Sirinhaém, and Olinda.

Dutch Brazil / New Holland

Nederlands-Brazilië or Nieuw-Holland
1630–1654
Flag of Dutch Brazil
Flag
Coat of arms of Dutch Brazil
Coat of arms
Dutch Brazil 1630-1654
Dutch Brazil 1630-1654
Status
Dutch colony
Capital
Mauritsstad (Recife)
Common languages
Dutch
Indigenous languages
Religion
Dutch Reformed (official), Catholicism, Indigenous American Beliefs, Judaism,
African religions
Government
Colony
Governor

• 1637–1643
John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen
• 1643–1654
Dutch West India Company
History

• Start
16 February 1630
• Arrival of Maurice of Nassau
23 January 1637
• First Battle of Guararapes
19 April 1648
• Second Battle of Guararapes
19 February 1649
• Defeat by the Portuguese
28 January 1654
Currency
Braziliaanse Guldens (Brazilian Guilders)
Preceded by Succeeded by
Colonial Brazil
Colonial Brazil

Today part of
Brazil
From 1630 onward, the Dutch Republic conquered almost half of Brazil's settled
European area at the time, with its capital in Recife. The Dutch West India Company
(GWC) set up its headquarters in Recife. The governor, Johan Maurits, invited artists
and scientists to the colony to help promote Brazil and increase immigration.
However, the tide turned against the Dutch when the Portuguese won a significant
victory at the Second Battle of Guararapes in 1649. On 26 January 1654, the Dutch
surrendered and signed the capitulation, but only as a provisional pact. By May 1654,
the Dutch Republic demanded that New Holland was to be given back. On 6 August
1661, New Holland was formally ceded to Portugal through the Treaty of The Hague.

While of only transitional importance for the Dutch, this period was of considerable
importance in the historical memory in Brazil. This period also precipitated a decline
in Brazil's sugar industry, since conflict between the Dutch and Portuguese disrupted
Brazilian sugar production, amidst rising competition from British, French, and Dutch
planters in the Caribbean.[2]

Early Iberian-Dutch relations

Northeastern Brazil in the Golden Age of Dutch Rule
The end of Dutch Brazil
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
Last edited 1 month ago by KH-1
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