KNEE JOINT

the hamstring muscles cover the posterior thigh. They consist of the semimembranosus, the semitendinosus, and the
biceps femoris muscles (Fig. 19-19). They have a com- mon site of origin on the ischial tuberosity.
Patellar tendonitis, or jumper’s knee, is character- ized by tenderness at the patellar tendon and results from the
overuse stress or sudden impact overloading associated with jumping. It is commonly seen in basketball players,
high jumpers, and hurdlers.

Osgood-Schlatter disease is a common overuse injury among adolescents. It involves the traction- type epiphysis
on the tibial tuberosity of growing bone where the tendon of the quadriceps muscle attaches.

Popliteal cyst, or Baker’s cyst, is actually misnamed as a “cyst.” This general term refers to any synovial hernia or
bursitis involving the posterior aspect of the knee.
ANKLE JOINT

The ankle joint and foot perform three main functions: acting as a shock absorber as the heel strikes the ground at
the beginning of stance phase, adapting to the level (or unevenness) of the ground, and providing a stable base of
support from which to propel the body forward.
Deep Posterior muscles
Anterior Muscles

Lateral Muscles