| @ THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM a Muscles, the specialized tissues that facilitate body movement, make up about 4036 of body weight, Most hody muscle isthe voluntary type, called skeletal ‘muscle bectuse itis atached 10 the bony skeleton. Skeletal muscle conuibutes to body contours and shape, and it composes the organ system called the mus- ‘ear system, These muscles allow you to grin, frown, run, swim, shake hands, Swing 4 hammer, and to otherwise manipulate your environment. The balance ‘of body muscle i smooth and cardiae muscles, which form the bulk of the © walls of hollow organs and the hear. Smooth and cardiac muscles are involved inthe transport of materials within the body © Study activities in this chapter deal with microscopic and gross structure of ‘muscle, identification of voluntary muscles, body movements, and important ‘undersiandings of muscle physiolony OVERVIEW OF MUSCLE TISSUES AA. Nine characteristics of muscle tissue are listed below and an page 104, Identify the muscle tasue type described by choosing the correct response(s) from the key choices, Enver the appropriate term(s) oF lete(s) ofthe key choice in the answer blank Key Choices A. Carine 1B, Smocth ©. Skeletal Ad 1, Involuntary Ac 2. Banded appearance 103104 Anutomy & Physlolosy Colering Workbook 7. Moves bones and the facial skin c 8, Referred to as the muscular system ‘ 9. Voluntary 2. Kdemtfy the ¢ype of muscle in each of the iustations in Figure 6-1. Color the lagrams as yOu wish. Figure 6-1 3. Regarding the functions of muscle issues, circle the term in each of the ‘groupings that does not helang with the other terms. ee eee 2. Hear Cardiac muscle Blood pump Grote labor during bith > 3, Exctabilty —-Responte toa stimulus Gontractiy > Action potential 4. Abii to shorten coneracity Pals on bones ssceichabiiy > Malotains posture Movement (Promotes growil) Generates heatChapter 6 The Muscular sysem 105 MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE 4 Fist identify the sic in Colaren by matching them with the desi tons in Column A. Enter the corect eters (or terms if desire) inthe answer naka Men, select a differen color for each ofthe terms in Colum B thet tuna colemcoding ccle and color nthe sructres on Figure 6 Column A column 8 Gt comacrve tise surounding a fascile 8 Endomysium @ Pe 2. Connective tissue ensheathing the entire Epimysium @ rmsce . Pascicle Zz 3, Contractile unit of muscle = esc D. ibe @ eS 4. A muscle cell F Myofllament ae 5. Thin connecive tase investing each Myon @ H, Sarcolemms 6, Plasma membeane of the muscle cell ea E: 7, Along, flamentous organelie found ‘within muscle cells that has a banded appearance § 1. Sarcomere Sarcoplasm é Actin: of myosin-containing structure =x. tendon @) Ka. conte extension of connective tissue feyond the aust, serving 0 atach I tothe bone 10, A discrete bundle of muscle cells106 andomy & Physiology Coloring Workbook 5. Figure 6-3 is a diagrammatic representation of a small portion of a relaxed muscle cell (bracket indicates the portion enlarged). First, select different colors for the structures listed below. Use them to color the coving circles ane comre- sponding structures on Figure 6-3. Then bracket and label an A band, an | band, and a sizcomere. When you have finished, draw a contracted sarcomere in the space beneath the figure and label the same structures, as well asthe light and dark bands. @ siyosin @ sain arnenss @ 2 dice L 8. 1. Looking at your diagram of a contracted sarcomere from a slightly different angle, which region ofthe sarcomere shortens daring coniraetion—the dask bane, the light band, or both?Chapter § The Muscular Syste: 107 SKELETAL MUSCLE ACTIVITY {6 Complete the following satements relating (0 the neuromuscular junction, Insert the correc: answers in the numbered answer blanks Ustre a 1, motor neuron and al ofthe skeletal muscle cls RE Smulten called «CO. The axon of each motor meron Axor “Tews 2, has sumerous endings called @)_, The acual gap between zonal ending andthe amusce cel sell & Syasphte Cleed 5, Wanin the axonal endings are many small ves containing Spaeite Cit } newraransmiter substance called Beabgleloline aya When the (5)_ reaches the ends ofthe axon, the neurotans Nucce Lenpsloe/$.P. 5, — mnincr is released. and it diffuses to the muscle cell membrane tS combine with receptor there Binding ofthe nevrtans Depuleciaedrns 6 miner with muscle membrane receptor causes the membrane to become permeable to dium, resuling isthe inf of SCaium ions and of xe membrane, Then contraction of the muscle ce our 7, Figure 6-4 shows the components of 2 neuromuscular junction. 1dentify the ‘pans by coloring the coding circles and the corresponding sirucuues in the Siggram. Add small arrows to indicate the location of the ACh receptors and label appropsiately @ ditochondsion @ ture © sarcmere © sirpee vests, Osage det @ seton te ot per ON che Vesmles ppp ahele Baceoware Figure 6.108 Anatomy & Physiology Coloring Workbook. ‘8. Number the following statements in their proper sequence to desertbe the ‘Miraction mechanismn in a skeltal muscle cel. The fist step has already been identified as number 1 1. ceeylcholine is released into the neuromuscular junction by the axonal terminal 2. The action potential, carried deep into the eel, causes the ssticoplasmic reticulum (0 release calcium ions, 44 The muscle cell relaxes and lengihens 4. Acenleboline difuses across the neuromuscular junction and binds to receptors on the sarcolemma, 5. The calcium ion concentration atthe myofilaments increases: the myorilaments slide past one another, and the cell shortens 6. Depotsrtzation occurs, and the action potential is generated. Isle fe bh iS E 7. As calcium is actively reabsorbed ineo the surcoplasmic reticulum, ts concentration at the myofllaments decreases. 9.-The following incomplete statements refer to a muscle cell inthe resting, OF jolarized, sae just before stimulation. Complete each saement by choosing The corect response from the key choices and entering the appropriate leter in the answer blanks. Key Choices [AL Nar dlfuses out of the cell G. Refative ionic concentrations on the two sides of the membrane during rest B, K* difuses out of the cell HL Electrical conditions C. Nat elfuses into the cell 1. Activation ofthe sodiun-poeassium pump, which moves 1D. Ke difses into the cell K* into the cell and Na* out of the cell Inside the eel! J. Activation ofthe sodium-potassium pump, which moves Nat into the cell and K* out of the cell Outside the cell E 1 Thee ba grt eoncematon of Sa" and here fa aa ero Ral Wher the smu ev é 2 wea Rcencay of ins meron o eanged and a ei tat cepleriaion othe membrane, Amos e 4. gs soon as the depolarization wave begins, a repolarization sn name coe 6 4 MSR rexees the) of te esing cell ‘membrane. The (6) is (are) reestablished by @ ae 3 >Chapter 6 The Muscular Sysem 109, 10. Complete the following satements by choosing the correct response from the Key choices and entering the appropriate letter or term in the answer blanks. Key Choices A Fatigue Wometie contraction [Many motor units | 18, ovonic conractin Whole mustle J, Repetarzaton . Muscle cell 6. Fused texans 1k Depaarzation D, Muscle tone 1H. Few motor units Unused tetanus & 1 is a continuous contraction that shows no evidence SFretnation. BS {is 4 contraction in which the muscle shortens and ‘work done. ag 3. To accompa rng conston, _ ate mld acpi te, H________ 4, when 1 weak ur smooth muscle contraction is desied, are stimulated at a api rate A 5. wen a muscle is being simulated but is notable to respond tecause of “oxygen defi,” the condition scaled = 6. Ain)____fs a contraction in which the muscle does not shomtn, Bat tension in the muscle keeps increasing. AL The terms in the key refer to the three ways dat muscle cells replenish their _ATP supplies, Select the termis) that best apply to the conditions deseribed dnd inser the comect key letters) in the answer blanks. Key Choices ‘A. Coupled seaetion of creatine phosphate (CP) and) ADP B, Anaerobic glycolysis , Acroble respiration Be 1. Accompanied by lacie acid formation 2, Supplies the highest ATP yield per ghicose molecule 43. Involves the simple transfer of a phosphate group 4. Requires no oxygen 6, Produces carbon dioxide and water 7. The energy mechanism used in the second! hour of running in marathoo 8. Used when the oxygen supply i inadequate over time ee =e As C5. The slowest ATP regeneration process ee a So aA. 9, Good for a sprint110 Anatomy $ Physiology Coloring Workbook 12, Brey describe how you ean tell when you ave repaying the oxygen defct Respicaleny vale. Tarremecs an ‘wil as eel of bromine 13, Which of the following occur within muscle cell during oxygen defict? ee eee ae mt Beebe Zones EF eeaeicaea ects Be Decreased oxygen 8, Increased glucose MUSCLE MOVEMENTS, TYPES, AND NAMES +14 Relative to general terminology conceming muscle activity, fist label the Jowing structures on Figure 6-5: insertion, origi, tendon, resting muscle, tind contracting muscle. Next, identify the two structures named below by Choosing diferent colors forthe coding circles and the corresponding F sseures inthe figure. @ siorabic pone @ tewmovabie oneChapter 6: The Muscular System V1 415, Complete the following statements, Insert your answers in the answer blanks. Pese Flexion 1. —Seandig on your oes a in bale is (1) ofthe foo, Walk: Ceiacaeo. Dextbliginn 1 t svn up ora pth as in basa can rope be ced Corevmdvelre 3, 3) To keep your seat when riding a horse, the tendency L Se Add ‘ tn runing, th chin te ip ono in reference 0 Elegen 5c upimtnng ormard aed iin efirence to he enn Te when cng «fatal te acon a Exdensten 6 theknee sO) Inclinbing stats, the hip and knee of dhe forward eg are both (8)_ You have just touched your chin Exlensies 7. to your chest this is Gof the neck. [Using 2 screwdriver with a straight arm requires C10) of the leas Sidr al the moverenta of whch the ann is capable Elegie 9. One olen used for strengthening all the upper arin and Shoulder mucces 0D Relator 10 ; owing head to spy nos CD_ Actlon hat moves Coveveadelones 11, taal end ofthe ei acer he ulna 2. Rang a a aly away fom the boty Weald 10 of Bolaton 12, the ams Paleo. a0 Abdul sa 6 The tems proved inne heya fen used odes the manne in which muscles interact with other muscles, Select the key terms that apply to the following defiaitions and insen the corect letter or tem in the answer blanks Key Choices A Antagonist, §=—-«-B. Fixator «=. Prime mover. Synergist 1c 1. Agonist DB 2 Posturat muscles for the most part D |, Stabilizes a joint so that the prime mover can act at more isa joints > 4. Performs the same movement as the prime mover A 5. Reverses and/or opposes the action of a prime mover Bs tmmotitizes the origin of a prime mover112. Anatomy & Physilogy Coloring Workbook 17, Several erteria are applied to the naming of muscles. These are provided in Slama B. Klentfy which enteria pertain to the muscies listed i Column 4 and enter the correct latrer(s) in the ansaver blank: oth eine GE “5 chnu nasiacs; «——-& Anche mc AE 2 Adductor magnus 1B, Shape of the muscle Ta 6. tocatt ofthe muscl's origin nde Insetion EE 4, Teansversus abdominis —D. Number of origins _A,€ 5, Extensor carpi ulnaris: F. Location of muscle relative to a bone or body region: B46. Trapezius Direction in which the muscle fibers nun relative to PE Fiesta salar GROSS ANATOMY OF THE SKELETAL MUSCLES Muscles of the Head 18. ently the major muscles described in Column A by choosing a response from Column B, Enter the correct letter in the answer blank. Select 3 Uiferent color for each muscle described and. color in the coding circle ‘and corresponding muscle on Figure 6-6, Column A column & @ _Z_ 1. voedto show you'e happy A. Docent @ A 2 Load tos in your checks 3. Fronts @ D5. Ged in winking © Masseter @ 2 4. whines the forehead horizontally 1b. Orbicularis ocul @ 5 The ising? muscte B. Orbits ors © C6 Prime mover of iw dose 7 oenieren @ E—~ sinengie muscle for aw lose Tempera © £__ Pine mover fhe exon: asm 1. Trapetos 1. ZygomaticusChapter 6 The Muscular System 113 Zygematc bene Figure 6-6