Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• Download the file to your computer —> do the test —> Write/type the
answer: 1a, 2b, 3c,… —> turn in
• 65 minutes
• 52 questions
• Read the blurb: identify the kind of writing and the topic of the text.
• Read the first paragraph = introduction: —> find out the thesis statement
(often the last sentence, but unluckily it can be everywhere)
• Read the body paragraphs (2nd —> one before the last): —> topic
sentence, sentences containing contrast signals: however, although, but,
yet, while, …
• Read the last paragraph: —> restatement of the thesis +
recommendation / warning.
ELEMENTS OF AN ARGUMENT
CATEGORY DEFINITION
The main idea that the author is defending with her argument. There may be a sentence near the beginning that clearly states
THESIS the thesis. However, there may not be one; be careful not to assume that whatever idea is mentioned earliest is the thesis.
Look instead for the idea that the passage as a whole supports.
Claims are statements that the author says are true, or that we know she wants us to believe are true based on the surrounding
CLAIMS context.
SUPPORTING Supporting evidence is the information that an author provides to back up her claims. It can take the form of data from studies,
EVIDENCE quotes from experts, historical exatples, or other claims or facts that you might already agree with.
COUNTERCLAIMS & Counterclaims are claims that disagree with or contradict claims made elsewhere in the passage, and refutations are statements
REFUTATIONS intended to disprove other statements.
Persuasive passages often end with a concluding statement that restates the thesis. This is more than just repetition; the
CONCLUSION concluding statement is usually stronger than the thesis statement, and often includes a summary of the evidence presented in
the text
MAIN IDEA QUESTION
• Not true
• Not mentioned
• —> correct answer: be general enough, and cover the whole passage
LESSON 3
• Vocab check