MODULE III

DISASTER AWARENESS PREPAREDNESS

AND MANAGEMENT

Lesson 1 Disaster Risk Reduction And

Management (DRRM) concepts,
principles and trends (RA 10121)

Lesson 2 Disaster Geographic and Risk

Profile of the Philippines

Lesson 3 Four thematic areas of the

Philippines Disaster
Management

Lesson 4 Role of the youth in Disaster

Preparedness and Management
(DPM)

NSTP1- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Module III

 MODULE III

Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management

 INTRODUCTION

This module discusses concepts on disaster awareness preparedness and

management. Philippine archipelago located at the south-eastern part of the Asia, the
country is exposed to both climatic and geological hazards. It is situated in the Pacific
Ring of Fire where two tectonic plates meet - the Pacific plate and the Eurasian
Plate. With the fault lines across the country, earthquake could have a very
devastating effect. The country also located along the typhoon belt on the North
Pacific Basin in which the typhoon originates. Almost 15-35 typhoons passing through
the country, 6-10 of which can be destructive (NDCC typhoon trajectory 2019).
Extreme rainfall, flash floods, flooding and landslides have become widespread.

OBJECTIVES

After studying the module, you should be able to:

1. Understand the operational concepts, structures and priority actions

relative to the Philippine Disaster management System.
2. Identify risk reduction and prepared activities that will reduce the
vulnerability, mitigate the impact of emergencies and support efforts to
prevent conflict and civil unrest
3. Describe their role as a youth in Disaster Awareness Preparedness and
Management.

 DIRECTIONS/ MODULE ORGANIZER

There are four lessons in the module. Read each lesson carefully then answer
the exercises/activities to find out how much you have benefited from it. Work on
these exercises carefully and submit your output to your trainer or to the NSTP office.

In case you encounter difficulty, discuss this with your trainer during the face-
to-face meeting. If not contact your trainer through SMS or other mode of
communication.

Good luck and happy reading!!!

NSTP1- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Module III

Lesson 1

 Disaster Risk Reduction And Management

(DRRM) concepts, principles and trends

NSTP implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management shall be

guided with reference from:

Republic Act 9163

Section 11. The creation of the national Service Reserve Corps – There is
hereby created a National service Reserve Corps, to be composed of the graduates of
the non-ROTC components. Members of this corps may be tapped by the state for
literacy and civic welfare activities through the joint effort of the DND, CHED and
TESDA

Republic Act 10121 REPUBLIC ACT No. 10121

AN ACT STRENGTHENING THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, PROVIDING FOR THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AND INSTITUTIONALIZING THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES.

Section 13. Accreditation, Mobilization, and Protection of Disaster Volunteers and

National Service Reserve Corps, CSOs and the Private Sector. – The government
agencies, CSOs, private sector and LGUs may mobilize individuals or organized
volunteers to augment their respective personnel complement and logistical
requirements in the delivery of disaster risk reduction programs and activities. The
agencies, CSOs, private sector, and LGUs concerned shall take full responsibility for
the enhancement, welfare and protection of volunteers, and shall submit the list of
volunteers to the OCD, through the LDRRMOs, for accreditation and inclusion in the
database of community disaster volunteers.

A national roster of ACDVs, National Service Reserve Corps, CSOs and the private
sector shall be maintained by the OCD through the LDRRMOs. Accreditation shall be
done at the municipal or city level.

Mobilization of volunteers shall be in accordance with the guidelines to be

formulated by the NDRRMC consistent with the provisions of this Act. Any volunteer
who incurs death or injury while engaged in any of the activities defined under this
Act shall be entitled to compensatory benefits and individual personnel accident
insurance as may be defined under the guidelines.

NSTP1- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Module III

The Disaster Equation

Disaster is characterized by several elements namely hazards, risk, people or

community and vulnerability. HAZARDS (H) or the physical impact of disturbance,
either man-made or natural, is heightened by the amount of RISK (R) to people and
the community. Moreover the degree of the VULNERABILITY (V) of all the involved
further fuels the magnitude of a disaster. Presented in Equations below:

H X R + V = DISASTER
The concept of disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) accepts that some
hazard events may occur may occur but tries to lessen the impact by developing the
community’s ability to absorb the impact with a lesser damage or destruction. The
Disaster Management Cycle is a traditional approach (Traditional Model/DM cycle) to
disaster management wherein disaster measure is regarded as a number of phase
sequences of action or a continuum. It aims to reduce the vulnerabilities in the
community. In addition, when sustained over long term, it reduces unacceptable risk
to acceptable levels and makes the community become disaster resistant or resilient.
This is presented as cycle.

Fig1. Traditional Model

DISASTER

Preparedness Response
Development Rehabilitation
Mitigation Recovery

PRE-DISASTER RISK
POST-DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION PHASE
REDUCTION PHASE

NSTP1- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Module III

 Disaster Preparedness
Establish and strengthen
capacities and communities to
anticipate, cope and recover from
the negative impacts of emergency
occurences and disasters
Disaster Response
Provide life preservation and meet
the basic subsistence needs of
affected populations based on
acceptabale standards during
immediately after a disaster

Disaster Rehabilitation and

Recovery
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Restore and improve facilities,
avoid hazards and mitigate their
livelihood and living conditions and
potential impacts by reducing
organizational capacities of
veulnerabilities and exposure and
affected communities, and
enhancing capacities of Safer, Adaptive and reduced disaster risks in
communities
Disaster resilient accordance with the "Building Back
Better" principle
Filipino
communities
towards sustainable
development

Fig2.National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan

YOUR IDEA

A. Using a graphic organizer, illustrate a Salient feature of PDRRM Act of 2010.

B. Do Integration of DRRM Education into School Curricula and Sangguniang
Kabataan (SK) Program are visible enough? Why?

NSTP1- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Module III

 LEARNING ACTIVITY

Disaster Risk Reduction And Management (DRRM) concepts,

principles and trends

1. What DRRM activities can take place in the school?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. What needs to be done to support these activities?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

3. Who needs to be done to support these activities?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

4. How will communities be involved?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

NSTP1- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Module III

Lesson 2

 Disaster Geographic and Risk Profile of the

Philippines

The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in

Southeast Asia. Situated in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of about 7,641
islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from
north to south: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.

THE PHILIPPINES GEOGRAPHIC PROFILE

GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES Spanish Simplified Chinese French German Russian

Hindi Arabic Portuguese
Location Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine
Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam
Geographic coordinates 13 00 N, 122 00 E
Map references Southeast Asia
Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of Georgia; slightly
larger than Arizona
Maritime claims territorial sea: irregular polygon extending up to 100
nm from coastline as defined by 1898 treaty; since late
1970s has also claimed polygonal-shaped area in South
China Sea as wide as 285 nm
Climate tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to
April); southwest monsoon (May to October)
Terrain mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal
lowlands
Elevation mean elevation: 442 m
lowest point: Philippine Sea 0 m
highest point: Mount Apo 2,954 m
Natural resources timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt,
copper
Land use (2011 est)
agricultural land 41%
arable land 18.2%
permanent crops 17.8%
permanent pasture 5%
forest 25.9%
other 33.1%
Irrigated land 16,270 sq km (2012)

NSTP1- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Module III

Population distribution:

population concentrated where good farmlands lie; highest concentrations are

northwest and south-central Luzon, the southeastern extension of Luzon, and the
islands of the Visayan Sea, particularly Cebu and Negros; Manila is home to one-eighth
of the entire national population

Natural hazards:

astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms
each year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis

volcanism: significant volcanic activity; Taal (311 m), which has shown recent unrest
and may erupt in the near future, has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the
International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy
of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Mayon
(2,462 m), the country's most active volcano, erupted in 2009 forcing over 33,000 to
be evacuated; other historically active volcanoes include Biliran, Babuyan Claro,
Bulusan, Camiguin, Camiguin de Babuyanes, Didicas, Iraya, Jolo, Kanlaon, Makaturing,
Musuan, Parker, Pinatubo, and Ragang. See “geography note2”

Environment - current issues:

uncontrolled deforestation especially in watershed areas; illegal mining and logging;

soil erosion; air and water pollution in major urban centers; coral reef degradation;
increasing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps that are important fish breeding
grounds; coastal erosion; dynamite fishing; wildlife extinction

Environment - international agreements:

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,

Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber
94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Geography - note: PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK PROFILE the country is vulnerable to

almost all types of natural hazards because of its geographical location.

note 1: for decades, the Philippine archipelago was reported as having 7,107
islands; in 2016, the national mapping authority reported that hundreds of new islands
had been discovered and increased the number of islands to 7,641 - though not all of
the new islands have been verified; the country is favorably located in relation to
many of Southeast Asia's main water bodies: the South China Sea, Philippine Sea, Sulu
Sea, Celebes Sea, and Luzon Strait

NSTP1- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Module III

 note 2: Philippines is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, a belt of
active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of
the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring
of Fire

note 3: the Philippines sits astride the Pacific typhoon belt and an average of 9
to 20 typhoons make landfall on the islands each year - with about 5 of these being
destructive; the country is the most exposed in the world to tropical storms.

YOUR IDEA

A. Do your barangay have existing problems in terms of natural calamities?

B. Based on your observation how they manage the problems?

LEARNING ACTIVITY

Make a topographical map of your barangay and using color as legend to identify the
hazard.

NSTP1- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Module III

Lesson 3

 Four Thematic Areas of the Philippines Disaster

Management System

The Philippines’ National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) is a
road map on how DRRM shall contribute to gender-responsive and rights-based
sustainable development. It shall promote inclusive growth, build the adaptive
capacities of communities, increase the resilience of vulnerable sectors, and optimize
disaster mitigation opportunities with the end in view of promoting people’s welfare
and security.

NDRRMP THEMATIC AREAS

1. DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION

Disaster Prevention – outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards
and related disaster. Shows the concept and intention to completely avoid potential
adverse impacts through action taken in advance such as construction of dams or
embankments that eliminate flood risk, land-use regulations that do not permit any
settlement in high-risk zone and seismic engineering designs that ensure the survival
and function of a critical building in any likely
earthquake.
Disaster Mitigation – the avoidance or limitation of the adverse impacts
of hazards and related disaster. Mitigation measures encompass engineering
techniques and hazard-resilient construction as well as improved environmental
policies and public awareness.

2. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS the knowledge and capacities developed by

governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and
individuals to effectively anticipate, responds to, and recover from the impacts of
likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions. Actions is carried out within
the context of DRRM and aims to build the capacities needed to efficiently manage all
types of emergencies achieve orderly transitions from response to sustained recovery.
Preparedness is activities as contingency planning, stockpiling of equipment and
supplies, the development of arrangements for coordination, evacuation and public
information and associated training and field exercise. These must be supported by
formal, institutional, legal and budgetary capacities.

3. DISASTER RESPONSE – the provision of emergency services and public

assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce
negative health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of
the people affected. Disaster response of predominantly focused on immediate and
short-term needs and is sometimes called “disaster relief”.

NSTP1- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Module III

 4. DISASTER REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY
Rehabilitation – measures that ensure the ability of affected
communities and/or areas to restore their normal level of functioning by rebuilding
livelihood and damaged infrastructure and increasing the communities’
organizational capacity.

Post Disaster Recovery – the restoration and improvement where

appropriate, of facilities, livelihood and living conditions of disaster-affected
communities, including effort to reduce disaster risk factors, in accordance with the
principle of “build back better”.

SOURCE: https://www.dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/reports_resources/DILG-Resources-2012116-420ac59e31.pdf

Vulnerability reduced
Risk assessments, plans arrangement ,
training and exercise
Reduce risk vulnerability & hazard

Hazard/risk analysis
Mitigation PREPAREDNESS
Pre- Event Disaster / Emergency
Mostly back
to normal Post-Event
REHABILITATION Response

“Healing repair” Situation stabilized

reconstruction & recovery

Fig 3“BUILD BACK BETTER” No longer direct threat to

life/.safety and property

YOUR IDEA

A. State your opinion about “Building Back Better”.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

NSTP1- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Module III

 LEARNING ACTIVITY

A. Visit your Barangay Hall and have a copy of their Disaster Management
System and implementation.

Barangay: __________________ Municipality: _______________

No. of household: ____________ Population : ________________

Barangay Description:

Disaster management system:

B. Does the barangay experience some disaster for past 5 years?

C. Identify the disaster experience by the barangay and how they implement
the management system?

NSTP1- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Module III

Lesson 4

 Role of The Youth in Disaster Preparedness And

Management (DPM)

All able-bodied young citizen of the land should get themselves involved in civic
actions in the community where she/he lives and should be ready to render assistance
anywhere and anytime their service is needed. More than anything else, it is
everybody’s moral obligation to assist her/his countrymen in distress.

In times of natural calamities or manmade disorders, the youth must be willing and
ready to render direct assistance to calamity victims in any of the following areas:
 Sorting, loading and distribution of relief goods
 Administering first aid treatment on victims
 Comforting and assisting in their rehabilitation
 Disseminating information to concerned individual
 Surveying of affected families and areas
 Monitoring and liaising work
 Civic action activities like environmental and ecological
protection, river and watershed control projects and tree
planting/forest fire control

The concerned youth development agencies should establish coordination and linkages
to be set up before, during and after every disaster. The leadership in the youth
development agencies in order to succeed in their chosen endeavor should:
1. Strategize the chosen activities ahead before any calamity strikes. Join or
participate in training exercise on disaster and relief operation.
2. See to it that the resources that are available could meet the needs of
chosen activities.
3. Coordinate all activities properly with the City, Provincial and Municipal
Disaster Coordinator Councils.
4. Organize the groups. Assign the members’ responsibilities which they feel
they can properly handle confidence in what is one is doing is the key to
success.
5. Work as a team. Coordinate efforts with other organizations. ( NGO. PO,
LGU or religious organizations)
6. Take a possible documentation for recording, filling and future use.
(pertinent papers, pictures, receipt etc)

NSTP1- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Module III

 YOUR IDEA

A. Pandemic Covid19 create a big impact in our society. As a youth of today’s

world, how can you help our country, or even your community to fight against
the virus? Is Covid19 considered as disaster? Why or why not?

LEARNING ACTIVITY
A. As a youth of today, give five ways and means in creating a safer world.

NSTP1- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Module III

 MODULE SUMMARY

You have learned module III with its four (4) lessons and it encompassed the general
concepts of Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management.

In Lesson 1, you have learned the Disaster Risk reduction and management
along with concepts, principles and trends as shown and reflected to RA10121; Lesson
2 discuss and identify the disaster geographic and risk profile of the Philippines;
Lesson 3 discuss and described the four thematic areas of the Philippine Disaster
Management and finally Lesson 4 introduced the role of the youth in disaster
preparedness and management.

Congratulations! You have just studied Module III . now you are ready to
evaluate how much you have benefited from your reading by answering the
summative test. Good Luck!!!

 SUMMATIVE TEST

Instructions: Read each statement carefully and write the letter that corresponds to
your answer on the space provided before the number.

_____1. The restoration and improvement where appropriate, of facilities, livelihood

and living conditions of disaster-affected communities, including effort to reduce
disaster risk factors.
A. Post disaster recovery C. Rehabilitation
B. Recovery D. Disaster
_____2. It measures and ensure the ability of affected communities and/or areas to
restore their normal level of functioning by rebuilding livelihood and damaged
infrastructure and increasing the communities’ organizational capacity
A. Post disaster recovery C. Rehabilitation
B. Recovery D. Disaster
_____3. The proper documentation for future use.
A. Photos C. Write up
B. Videos D. All of the above
_____4. the knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional
response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively
anticipate, responds to, and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent or current
hazard events or conditions
A. Disaster prevention C. Disaster mitigation
B. Disaster preparedness D. Disaster response

NSTP1- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Module III

_____5. Provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately
after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce negative health impacts, ensure public
safety.
A. Disaster prevention C. Disaster mitigation
B. Disaster preparedness D. Disaster response
_____6. The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disaster.
A. Disaster prevention C. Disaster mitigation
B. Disaster preparedness D. Disaster response
_____7. The avoidance or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related
disaster.
A. Disaster prevention C. Disaster mitigation
B. Disaster preparedness D. Disaster response
_____8. It is in accordance with the principle of “build back better”.
A. Post disaster recovery C. Rehabilitation
B. Recovery D. Disaster
_____9. Disaster response of predominantly focused on immediate and short-term
needs and is sometimes called __________.
A. Disaster relief C. Disaster waste
B. Disaster residue D. Disaster surplus
____10. The Philippine archipelago was reported as having _____ islands before 2016
A. 7,107 islands C. 7,641 islands
B. 7, 701 islands D. 7,146 islands

 REFERENCES

Labuguen, Florida C.; Vidal, Carmelo John E.; Ramos, Alexander I. (2018).
Understanding the National Service Training Program: Mutya Publishing House.

Lee, Sergio J. (2013). National Service Training Program. A Source Book (3rd Edition).
C&E Publishing, Inc.

RA 10121 Disaster Risk and Reduction Management

http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2010/ra_10121_2010.html
http://www.disastermanagement786.wordpress.com

1987 Philippine Constitutions annotated by De Leon, Hector

Executive Order No. 020 Series 2016 – Establishing Incident Command System
Executive Order no. 022 Series 2016 – Making the Disaster Operation Center

NSTP1- Disaster Awareness Preparedness and Management Module III