Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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underestimated with children normalizing their through the use of embodied knowledge
experiences (Stanley 2011). (Boreham 2014). Performance explores and
describes different layers of the lived body of
The National Institute of Clinical Excellence myself as therapist, making accessible more
(NICE) acknowledges cost and consequences to intricate embodied data to identify somatic
health/social care budgets urging that any triggers, counter-transference and kinaesthetic
intervention at all is seen as cost effective, but features in DVA.
interventions need to work to be so.
Recommended pathways and actions run from 1.3 The application of DMT to the DVA
sharing information, education and awareness, arena: what it offers, strengths and what it
policy commissioning, provision of multi- can bring in trauma and recovery.
agency involvement and interventions, specialist
services such as therapeutic work. Other factors DMP’s regularly make effective and successful
of attachment disorders and mental health interventions with DVA clients but not much of
problems are a consequence of DVA. this has been described or evidenced. Building a
Therapeutic advisories recommend work with practiced based body of evidence needs
the primary care giver as necessary, however description of embodied process and has rarely
there is little guidance on what sort or length of been covered. DMP is specifically useful with
therapy is recommended or how any recovery is DVA because it uses non-verbal/body language,
measured. kinaesthetic empathy and somatic counter-
transference to communicate and express
1.2 A brief definition of dance movement experiences in domestic violence. DMP is a
therapy and how it works relational therapeutic process which can repair
trust fractured without necessarily using verbal
Dance Movement Psychotherapy (DMP) language, around shame based experiences. It
recognises body movement as an implicit and provides a creative solution to the paradoxes of
expressive instrument of communication and developing self through relationship.
expression. DMP is a relational process in which Dance/movement/creativity as transitional
client/s and therapist engage in an empathic phenomena help a child and adult therapist to
creative process using movement to assist negotiate when interacting with the world
integration of emotional, cognitive, physical, Winnicott (1971). It offers a holding space in the
social and spiritual aspects of self’ (ADMPUK). therapist’s body, providing time to build
There has been some DMP research into the resilience and meaning for the experience (Brown
attachment relationships that emerge after 2006), thus providing healing and empowerment.
experiences of DVA. Recovery and DMP recognises body movement as an implicit
effectiveness of treatment in DVA are measured and expressive instrument of communication.
by outcomes; affective self-regulation and
improved safety in relationship are implied in Some DMP research has explored experiences
National Institute Clinical Guidelines. following experiences of domestic violence.
Christine Devereux (2008) focuses on attachment
(Bowlby 1966) using DMP, commenting on self-
regulation, impact on attachment relationships
from the victim’s perspective. However unspoken
areas in this mirror DVA in absence of focus on
the power of narrative that unfolds from the work
and a lack of the therapist’s embodied voice
(Bloom 2006).
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2. Aims, goals and objectives intersubjective (Allegranti 2012, Laban 1966),
aiming to make visible the therapist’s process
The aim of this project is to focus on my whilst in relationship to the client (Benjamin
physical/embodied/somatic non verbal aspects 1998).
of domestic abuse, I will look at how domestic
violence is ‘held in my body’. This will be I place myself as subject producing movement
explored through my dance movement therapy film and spoken/written research journal to
experience of working therapeutically with provide a case study of therapist, using my
children and adults. Rather than focus on the moving lived body as experiencer, witness and
‘clients’ expressions I will explore my worker with domestic violence and abuse. My
emodiments/lived body experience and how this autobiographical story of having experienced
is processed in order to ‘heal’ the client. domestic violence in relationship will provide a
direct experiential layer of embodied knowledge
How DVA is felt in the moving body of myself in addition to the therapeutic layer of working
as therapist and experiencer of abuse, will be with domestic abuse. An academic supervisor
investigated by describing the felt sense and and personal supervisor are providing layers of
lived body. Observing, describing and support, to ensure that over identification with
interpreting the process of my moving body will client material becomes visible and reflected
reveal qualities that are much needed to balance upon.
the explanatory nature of outcome measures
used in DVA guidelines. This project is about
understanding how DVA presents in my
therapist’s body and asks what a therapist
notices about triggers, pain, recovery, healing
and shifts in embodied counter-transference
after working with clients. These experiential
changes will be offered as measurements of
change, as the outcome measures that my
moving lived body holds.
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psychotherapists and the microscopic cells dynamically in relationship after witnessing
within the bones, which deposit minerals and experiencing DVA, it needs to re -live, it
into their environment, ending in a needs to adapt and trust in the environment
barricading of themselves, as if building again, perhaps it needs to look for reflection
their own coffin (Stauffer 2010). again. In these films I view the camera as the
relationship with being seen when
This resonates with the notion that
vulnerable. Brene Brown names this as
dynamically as organisms we need to hold
imperative as the birth place of creativity it is
plasticity to breath, exist and develop
necessary for recognizing shame,
neurologically intersubjectively. So perhaps
understanding our triggers and telling our
as I ‘pour’ the stones down in front of the
story, as a tool for resilience and change
camera there is a recognition within my
through trauma. This leads into the most
process that even stones and bones need to
personal of the films, film 2 where the
move to heal. Personal memories now emerge
rawness and impact of film 1 leads into what
as I write of living an isolated unmoving
I view as the rawness of my psycho/somatic
existence locked into the trauma of domestic
triggers around DVA.
violence and the sense of powerlessness of
witnessing it. The embodied memories of
clients in my somatic counter –transference
Film 2 – The historical therapist’s
when with them, recorded in my journal
experiential as qualities of ‘bleak, cold, body: boundaries anger consideration
sparseness” as felt within “my rigid exhausted contagions.
bones”, as I recall the finish of one session we https://youtu.be/aTIckMGau-Y
both sat on the floor after a street dancing
display, exhausted and shocked, recovering
from the biting KMP rhythms of fighting. Sometimes with clients of DVA I have come
out of a session feeling thirsty, itchy or feeling
intense heat or extreme cold, each of these
Now in the film I’m looking directly up close embodied experiences have felt like a lacking
to camera and reach down for hands full of or what I will now called a ‘contagion’, I use
pebbles falling like rain in a torrent of tears, this term rarely in my personal description of
hands full and empty at the same time, I kick movement outside of dance movement
the stones (accessing a weighted angry therapy. Implied in contagion are feelings of
rhythm) the anger seemed to allow direct shame, paranoia, fear and boundary
contact with the eye of the camera and I have violations, a felt sensation of the skin and self
a feeling of finally being alive as my body possessed. In certain sessions I have
awakens and connects! I wonder if the experienced a sense/quality of self harming
camera is witnessing my vulnerability, behaviour reminding me of violations of
perhaps as you are now viewing the films. Bick’s second skin (1968) and the second
object as cloaking, holding, protecting or
containing the body when evocative memories
and triggers emerge for a client.
For film 2, I prepared in the session five
signs from text in my journal placing them in
the movement space as follows: Abuse,
justice, power, crisis, society`, I locate them
randomly in the space to guide a layer of
socio/political embodied performances.
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and express through my movement, and
something emerges about sound and a
sensitivity around noise and trauma. I notice
in the first films a quality of ‘quietness’ that
interjects with a ragged, jagged…. stillness
intermittently, the silences! these are the
gaps that need to bridged and crossed after
experiencing DVA. In my written journal I
describe my embodied process;
Ethics
Film 4 – exploring the relational body
with dance movement creativity
“My interpretation is my exercise of power,
https://youtu.be/x8Xuap9_yX4 my decisions have consequences and I am
Connecting creatively to other/object, after accountable for my conclusions.”
integration and development of movement (Ramazanoglu & Holland, 2004:161).
and voice, allows the unfolding story of the
client or therapists needs to be expressed
In independent autoethnographical
corporeally. The movement process in this
research ethics are difficult. The
film becomes lighter and shows more of a
inclusion of embodied subjectivity and
shifting, mutual, playful quality. I explore
the kinaesphere, moving with feathers and personal experience are included as a
valid source of knowledge for research.
scarves in a more gentle and varied way.
The charity that I work for do not
Qualities involving touch emerge by
exploring in a renewed and regenerative currently have an ethics committee for
research. I sought advice from
way themes of boundaries, support,
ADMPUK to guide this project and their
attachments and object relations. These
seems to becoming meaningful and advisories were helpful. I made the
decision to omit any detail of my own
important to myself as moving processing
personal events or relationships involved
therapist and leads me into film 5 which is
a verbal reflection on film. in my experiences of domestic abuse. I
have been reflective on the the use of
material used from the clients I work
with to protect their anonymity.
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This research has found that a
6. Conclusion therapist is greatly impacted both
psychologically and physically by the
somatic and psychological triggers and
counter-transference experienced when
working with children whom have
experienced or witnessed domestic
violence and abuse. But the findings also
show that the therapist’s act of being
seen, witnessed, heard and processed in
movement, through creativity can
provide a holding environment for the
therapist to process safely and make
sense of their work. This helps myself as
In conclusion I have only undertaken
therapist to differentiate, separate and
a small percentage of the possible data
integrate client material held and
analysis the five films of the therapist
processed in the body. The movement
embodied process, the data is rich and
process helps the therapist to build
various in content and interpretation.
resilience by making visible the
The autoethnographcal focus contains a
embodied concepts of shame and
focus from myself and a personal
vulnerability, treating them as the
supervision aspect. This research would
birthplace of creativity as Brene Brown
benefit from further analysis and further
so brilliantly finds. The therapist’s story
development is being extended out to
needs to be told and often in the
other therapists/academics and
experience of domestic violence and
professionals to participate by viewing
abuse, no words seem adequate or safe
the film and possibly inviting
enough to express the depths of an
movement, written or verbal responses
assault on the self, which is why
to the films and paper.
movement and creativity provide such a
useful way of seeing and measuring the
impact without necessarily stumbling to
find words that are insufficient.
References
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Benjamin, J (1998) Shadow of the Dosamantes-Alperson, E. (1987) ‘Transference
Other: Intersubjectivity and Gender in and Countertransference Issues in Movement
Psychoanalysis: Psychology Press Psychotherapy’, The Arts in Psychotherapy,
Vol. 14, 209-214
(Ellis 2004, Spry 2001).
Berrol, C (2006) Neuroscience meets
dance/movement therapy: Mirror neurons,
the therapeutic process and empathy. The
Finlay, L. (2003). ‘Reflexive embodied
Arts in Psychotherapy 33 (2006) 302–315
empathy’: a phenomenology of participant-
researcher intersubjectivity. Journal of
Phenomenological Psychology, 34(6)
Bloom, K (2006) The embodied self:
movement and psychoanalysis: London:
Karnac
Finlay, L (2005) Reflexive-embodied empathy:
A phenomenology of participant-researcher
intersubjectivity. The Humanistic Psychologist,
Boreham, S (2014) Sharing Rhythms – The
33(4), pp. 271-292.
body depression and gender: a feminist
phenomenological inquiry (unpublished MA
thesis; Univeristy of Roehampton). Forester, C (2007) Your own body of wisdom:
Recognising and working with somatic
countertransference with dissociative and
Bowlby, J. (1969) Attachment. Attachment and traumatised patients. Body, Movement and
Loss: Vol. 1. Loss. New York: Basic Books Dance in Psychotherapy, 2(2), pp. 123-133
Brown, B (2010) The Gifts of Imperfection. New Freud, S (1923) The Ego and the ID:
York:Hazeldon Internationaler Psycho-analytischer Verlag
http://www.ted.com/talks/brene_brown_on_vulnera (Vienna), W.W Norton & Company.
bility
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and imperative of holding the vision. American Schmais, C (1998) BERN—A METHOD FOR
Journal of Dance Therapy, 30,pp. 4-23. ANALYZING DANCE/MOVEMENT
THERAPY GROUPS The Arts in Psychotherapy,
Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 159–165,
Levy, F. (1988) Dance Movement Therapy: A
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Education, Recreation and Dance: Virginia London: Exeter: Imprint Academic
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