Project Report Steganography Compress

Image and Audio Steganography
SUBMITTED BY
[Student Name]
[Seat No.]
DATE OF SUBMISSION
[If a revised proposal is submitted, the date should be changed accordingly]
Under the guidance of Lionel Faleiro
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for qualifying M.C.A Semester VI

Examination
INSTITUTE OF DISTANCE AND OPEN LEARNING
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
DR. SHANKAR DAYAL SHRAMA BHAVAN,
VIDYANAGARI, SANTACRUZ(E), MUMBAI-98

INSTITUTE OF DISTANCE AND OPEN LEARNING
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI, IDE BUILDING,

VIDYANAGARI, MUMBAI-98
PROJECT CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project titled

________________________________________by Mr./Ms.
__________________________________________________________________
Seat No _________________ in partial fulfillment for M.C.A Degree Examination in
Semester VI for the academic year 2014-2015 has been found satisfactory. This
report had not been submitted for any other examination and does not form part of
any other course undergone by the candidate.
Signature Signature
Signature
Faculty in Charge External Examiner Coordinator – M.C.A
(IDOL)
Guided By Examined By Certified By
Acknowledgement
It has indeed been a great privilege for me to have Mr. Lionel Faleiro, Department
of Computer Science, I.D.O.L., University of Mumbai, as my mentor for this project.
His guidance and constant encouragement are the motive force behind this project
work. I take this opportunity to express my utmost gratitude to him. I am also
indebted to him for his timely and valuable advice.
Synopsis
on
Image and Audio Steganography
Submitted for partial fulfillment of award of
MCA Semester VI Examination
Statement about the Problem
Steganography is the practice of hiding private or sensitive information within

something that appears to be nothing out to the usual. Steganography is often
confused with cryptology because the two are similar in the way that they both are
used to protect important information. The difference between two is that
steganography involves hiding information so it appears that no information is hidden
at all. If a person or persons views the object that the information is hidden inside of
he or she will have no idea that there is any hidden information, therefore the person
will not attempt to decrypt the information.
What steganography essentially does is exploit human perception, human senses are
not trained to look for files that have information inside of them, although this software
is available that can do what is called Steganography. The most common use of
steganography is to hide a file inside another file.
Why is the particular topic is chosen?
Through out history Steganography has been used to secretly communicate

information between people.
Some examples of use of Steganography is past times are:
1. During World War 2 invisible ink was used to write information on pieces of
paper so that the paper appeared to the average person as just being blank
pieces of paper. Liquids such as milk, vinegar and fruit juices were used,
because when each one of these substances are heated they darken and
become visible to the human eye.
2. In Ancient Greece they used to select messengers and shave their head, they
would then write a message on their head. Once the message had been written
the hair was allowed to grow back. After the hair grew back the messenger was
sent to deliver the message, the recipient would shave off the messengers hair
to see the secrete message.
Now in today’s electronic world the message is sent over E media. So there
should be a necessity of new steganography technique which will defend
against interception attack.
Why This Steganography?
This technique is chosen, because this system includes not only imperceptibility but
also un-delectability by any steganolysis tool.
Objective:-
• Requirement of this steganography system is that the hider message carried by

stego-media should not be sensible to human beings.
• The other goal of steganography is to avoid drawing suspicion to the existence

of a hidden message.
This approach of information hiding technique has recently become important in a

number of application areas
Project Scope:
• The scope of the project is to limit unauthorized access and provide better
security during message transmission. To meet the requirements, I use the
simple and basic approach of steganography.
• In this project, the proposed approach finds the suitable algorithm for
embedding the data in an image / audio using steganography which provides
the better security pattern for sending messages through a network.
Methodology:
User needs to run the application. The user has two tab options – encrypt and decrypt.
If user select encrypt, application give the screen to select image file, information file
and option to save the image file. If user select decrypt, application gives the screen to
select only image file and ask path where user want to save the secrete file.
This project has two methods – Encrypt and Decrypt.
In encryption the secrete information is hiding in with any type of image file.Decryption
is getting the secrete information from image file. We will make use of LSB algorithm
for this process.
LSB Algorithm:
• LSB (Least Significant Bit) substitution is the process of adjusting the least
significant bit pixels of the carrier image.
• It is a simple approach for embedding message into the image.
• The Least Significant Bit insertion varies according to number of bits in an

image.
• For an 8 bit image, the least significant bit i.e., the 8 th bit of each byte of the
image is changed to the bit of secret message.
• For 24 bit image, the colors of each component like RGB (red, green and blue)
are changed.
• LSB is effective in using BMP images since the compression in BMP is

lossless
For digital audio files the techniques are:
a. LSB Coding
b. Phase Coding
c. Parity Coding
d. Spread Sprectrum
Encryption Process
IMAGE FILE INFORMATION FILE
BMP FILE
Decryption Process
BMP FILE
INFORMATION FILE IMAGE FILE
Limitations of the Software:
This project has an assumption that is both the sender and receiver must have shared
some secret information before imprisonment. Pure steganography means that there
is none prior information shared by two communication parties.
What contribution would this Project make?

• In the present world, the data transfers using internet is rapidly growing
because it is so easier as well as faster to transfer the data to destination. So,
many individuals and business people use to transfer business documents,
important information using internet.
• Security is an important issue while transferring the data using internet because
any unauthorized individual can hack the data and make it useless or obtain
information un- intended to him.
Software Environment
 Operating System : Window XP
 Development Environment : MS Visual Studio .Net Framework 4.5
 Languages : C#.Net
Hardware Environment
 Processor : Intel® Core™ i3-4005U CPU
@ 1.70 GHz
 RAM : 8 GB
 Hard Disk : 250 GB
 Mother Board : Intel chipset board
 Mouse : Logitech optical mouse
 Key Board : 104 keys keyboard
Conclusion:-
Steganography is a really interesting subject and outside of the mainstream
cryptography and system administration that most of us deal with day after day.
Steganography can be used for hidden communication. We have explored the limits of
steganography theory and practice. We printed out the enhancement of the image
steganography system using LSB approach to provide a means of secure
communication. A stego-key has been applied to the system during embedment of the
message into the cover image.
This steganography application software provided for the purpose to how to use any
type of image formats to hiding any type of files inside their. The master work of this
application is in supporting any type of pictures without need to convert to bitmap, and
lower limitation on file size to hide, because of using maximum memory space in
pictures to hide the file.
Bibliography
Websites
Following websites are referring to create this project reports.
 http://www.asp.net
 http://www.asp123.com
 http://www.wikipedia.org
Books
Following books and ebook are used to complete this project reports.
 Mastering C# (Paperback)
 .NET Black Book (Paperback)
 Professional C#, 2nd Edition (Paperback)
 Professional ASP.NET (Paperback)
 MCAD/MCSD Self-Paced Training Kit: Developing Web Applications with
Microsoft® Visual Basic® .NET and Microsoft Visual C#® .NET, Second Edition
Index
1. Objective and Scope of the Project

2. Theoretical Background
a. Analysis of Digital Image
b. Analysis of Digital Audio
3. Definition of the Problem
4. System Analysis and Design

a. Context Diagram
b. Data Flow Diagram
c. Encoding
d. Decoding
e. Algorithms
5. Software and Hardware Environment

a. About the Software and Methodology
b. Functions
6. System Implementation
7. System Maintenance
8. Cost and Benefit Analysis
9. Project Life Cycle

a. Input and Output Screen Design
b. Process involved
c. Methodology used for testing:
d. Source code
e. User Manual
Annexure
1. References
 Bibliography
 Websites
2. Keywords
Objective and Scope of the Project
Objective
The objective of steganography is covert communication. So, a fundamental requirement of
this steganography system is that the hider message carried by stego-media should not be
sensible to human beings.
The other objective of steganography is to avoid drawing suspicion to the existence of a

hidden message. This approach of information hiding technique has recently became
important in a number of application area
This project has following objectives:
• To product security tool based on steganography techniques.
• To explore techniques of hiding data using encryption module of this project
• To extract techniques of getting secret data using decryption module.
Steganography sometimes is used when encryption is not permitted. Or, more commonly,
steganography is used to supplement encryption. An encrypted file may still hide information
using steganography, so even if the encrypted file is deciphered, the hidden message is not
seen
Scope of Steganography
Steganography is a very interesting and advantageous science these days and has
following uses:
 Digital Watermarking
To protect a copyright on information. Photo collections, sold on CD, often have

hidden messages in the photos which allow detection of unauthorized use. The same
technique applied to DVDs is even more effective, since the industry builds DVD
recorders to detect and disallow copying of protected DVDs.
 The simplest and oldest are used in map making, where cartographers
sometimes add a tiny fictional street to their maps, allowing them to prosecute
copycats.
 A similar trick is to add fictional names to mailing lists as a check against
unauthorized resellers.
 Steganography doesn't just apply to written forms of communication. Radio and
TV messages, from World War II to today, can be used to hide coded or hidden
messages. Some government sources suspect that Osama bin Laden's pre-
recorded videos that are re-played on TV stations around the world contain
hidden messages.
 Even biological data, stored on DNA, may be a candidate for hidden messages,
as biotech companies seek to prevent unauthorized use of their genetically
engineered material. The technology is already in place for this: three New York
researchers successfully hid a secret message in a DNA sequence and sent it
across the country.
 Steganography can also be used to allow communication within an

underground community.
 Steganography is used by some modern printers, including HP and Xerox

brand color laser printers. Tiny yellow dots are added to each page. The dots
are barely visible and contain encoded printer serial numbers, as well as date
and time stamps.
Overview
The word steganography comes from the Greek “Seganos”, which mean covered or
secret and – “graphy” mean writing or drawing. Therefore, steganography mean,
literally, covered writing. It is the art and science of hiding information such its presence
cannot be detected and a communication is happening. A secrete information is
encoding in a manner such that the very existence of the information is concealed.
Paired with existing communication methods, steganography can be used to carry out
hidden exchanges.
The main goal of this projects it to communicate securely in a completely undetectable

manner and to avoid drawing suspicion to the transmission of a hider data. There has
been a rapid growth of interest in steganography for two reasons:
The publishing and broadcasting industries have become interested in techniques for
hiding encrypted copyright marks and serial numbers in digital films, audio recordings,
books and multimedia products
Moves by various governments to restrict the availability of encryption services have

motivated people to study methods by which private messages can be embedded in
seemingly innocuous cover messages.
The basic model of steganography consists of Carrier, Message and password. Carrier
is also known as cover-object, which the message is embedded and serves to hide the
presence of the message.
Basically, the model for steganography is shown on following figure:
Cover-object, C
F(X,M,K)
Message, M Stego Object, Z
Stego-key, K
Message is the data that the sender wishes to remain it confidential. It can be plain text,
ciphertext, other image, or anything that can be embedded in a bit stream such as a
copyright mark, a covert communication, or a serial number. Password is known as
stego-key, which ensures that only recipient who know the corresponding decoding key
will be able to extract the message from a cover-object. The cover-object with the
secretly embedded message is then called the Stego-object.
Recovering message from a stego-object requires the cover-object itselt and a

corresponding decoding key if a stego-key was used during the encoding process. The
original image may or may not be required in most applications to extract the message.
There are several suitable carriers below to be the cover-object:
 Network protocols such as TCP, IP and UDP
 Audio that using digital audio formats such as wav, midi, avi, mpeg, mpi
and voc
 File and Disk that can hides and append files by using the slack space
 Text such as null characters, just alike morse code including html and java
 Images file such as bmp, gif and jpg, where they can be both color and
gray-scale.
In general, the information hiding process extracts redundant bits from cover-object. The
process consists of two steps:
 Identification of redundant bits in a cover-object. Redundant bits are those

bits that can be modified without corrupting the quality or destroying the
integrity of the cover-object.
 Embedding process then selects the subset of the redundant bits to be

replaced with data from a secret message. The stego-object is created by
replacing the selected redundant bits with message bits.
Steganography vs Cryptography:
Basically, the purpose of cryptography and steganography is to provide secret

communication. However, steganography is not the same as cryptography.
Cryptography hides the contents of a secrete message from a malicious people,
whereas steganography even conceal the existence of the message. In cryptography,
the system is broken when the attacker can read the secret message. Breaking a
steganography system need the attacker to detect that steganography has been used.
It is possible to combine the techniques by encrypting message using cryptography and

then hiding the encrypted message using steganography. The resulting stego-image
can be transmitted without revealing that secret information is being exchanged.
.S
Functions
( built in C
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL IMAGE
An image file is merely a binary file containing a binary representation of the

color or light intensity of each picture element (pixel) comprising the image.
Images typically use either 8-bit or 24-bit color.
When using 8-bit color, there is a definition of up to 256 colors forming a palette
for this image, each color denoted by an 8-bit value.
A 24-bit color scheme, as the term suggests, uses 24 bits per pixel and provides
a much better set of colors. In this case, each pixel is represented by three bytes, each
byte representing the intensity of the three primary colors red, green, and blue (RGB),
respectively. The color orange, for example, would be displayed with red set to 100% ,
green set to 50% and no blue .
The size of an image file, then, is directly related to the number of pixels
and the granularity of the color definition. A typical 640x480 pix image using a
palette of 256 colors would require a file about 307 KB in size (640 • 480 bytes),
whereas a 1024x768 pix high-resolution 24-bit color image would result in a 2.36 MB file
(1024 • 768 • 3 bytes).
To avoid sending files of this enormous size, a number of compression schemes have
been developed over time, notably Bitmap (BMP), Graphic Interchange Format (GIF),
and Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) file types. Not all are equally suited to
steganography, however.
GIF and 8-bit BMP files employ what is known as lossless compression, a scheme that
allows the software to exactly reconstruct the original image. JPEG, on the other hand, uses
lossy compression, which means that the expanded image is very nearly the same as the
original but not an exact duplicate. Lossless compression is much better suited to
applications where the integrity of the original information must be maintained, such as
steganography. While JPEG can be used for stego applications, it is more common to embed
data in GIF or BMP files.
The simplest approach to hiding data within an image file is called Least
Significant Bit (LSB) insertion. In this method, we can take the binary representation
of the hidden_data and overwrite the LSB of each byte within the cover_image. If we
are using 24-bit color, the amount of change will be minimal and indiscernible to the
human eye. As an example, suppose that we have three adjacent pixels (nine bytes)
with the following RGB encoding:
10010101 00001101 11001001

10010110 00001111 11001010
10011111 00010000 11001011
Now suppose we want to "hide" the following 9 bits of data (the hidden data is
usually compressed prior to being hidden): 101101101. If we overlay these 9 bits over
the LSB of the 9 bytes above, we get the following (where bits in bold have been
changed):
10010101 00001100 11001001

10010111 00001110 11001011
10011111 00010000 11001011
Note that we have successfully hidden 9 bits but at a cost of only changing 4, or
roughly 50%, of the LSBs.
A 640x480 pixel image, the size of a small computer monitor, can hold over
400,000 characters. That's a whole novel hidden in one modest photo! This poject
involves following formats of images:
Bitmap Images (.bmp)

Joint Photographic Experts Group (.jpg)
Portable Network Graphics (.png)
Tagged Image File Format (.tif)
Windows Meta Files (.wmf)
BMP Image File Format
File Header
Data Size(Bytes)
File Type(BM in case of BMP files) 2
File Size 4
Reserved Byte(Always 0) 1
Reserved Byte(Always 0) 1
Bf of Bits
Size of Info Header 4
Width of Bitmap 2
Height of Bitmap 2
No of planes(1 for BMP) 1
Bit Count(Bits/Pixel, Must be 1, 4, 8, 24) 1
Type of Compression used(none) 2
Size of Image Data in Bytes 2
Horizontal Resolution in Pixels/Meter 2
Vertical Resolution in Pixels/Meter 2
No of Color’s Indexes Used 2
Important Color Indexes 2
Reading Pixel Values
Data Size(Bytes)
R(Red) 1
B(Blue) 1
G(Green) 1
Reserved Word for RGB 1
ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL AUDIO
Digital audio differs from traditional analog sound in that it is a discrete rather than
continuous signal. A discrete signal is created by sampling a continuous analog signal at
a specified rate. For example, the standard sampling rate for CD digital audio is about
44kHz. The following figure illustrates a continuous analog sound wave being sampled
to produce digital audio. Note the sinusoidal nature of a sound wave.
We emphasize the discrete nature of a digital signal in the diagram. However, standard
sampling rates are usually set at a level where the resultant digital signal is visually
indistinguishable from the original analog signal.
Digital audio is stored on a computer as a sequence of 0's and 1's. With the right
tools, it is possible to change the individual bits that make up a digital audio file. Such
precise control allows changes to be made to the binary sequence that are not
discernible to the human ear. The secret message is embedded by slightly altering the
binary sequence of a sound file.
The key innovation in recent years was to choose an innocent looking cover that
contains plenty of random information, called white noise. You can hear white noise as a
the nearly silent hiss of a blank tape playing. The secret message replaces the white
noise, and if done properly it will appear to be as random as the noise was. Thus the
basic design principle of steganographic systems is “replacing high entropy noise
with a high entropy secret transmission” .
Wave File Format
Wave Header
Data Size(Bytes)
Header Name(RIFF) 4
File Size 4
Format Name(wave) 4
Key Word(fmt) 4
Channels(Mono = 1, Stereo = 2) 1
Frequency 4
Blank(Less Important Data) 6
Bit Resolution 1
Blank(Less Important Data) 12
Wave Data
Data Size(Bytes)
Sound Length 1
Frequency 1
Sample Data Rest Of Wave File
Definition of the Problem
The former consists of linguistic or language forms of hidden writing. The later, such as
invisible ink, try of hide messages physically. One disadvantage of linguistic
steganography is that users must equip themselves to have a good knowledge of
linguistry. In recent years, everything is trending toward digitization. And with the
development of the internet technology, digital media can be transmitted conveniently over
the network. Therefore, messages can be secretly carried by digital media by using the
steganography techniques, and then be transmitted through the internet rapidly
Steganography is the art of hiding the fact that communication is taking place, by hiding
information in other information. Many different carrier file formats can be used, but digital
images are the most popular because of their frequency on the internet. For hiding secret
information in images, there exists a large variety of steganography techniques some are
more complex than others and all of them have respective strong and weak points.
So we prepare this application, to make the information hiding more simple and user
friendly.
System Analysis and Design
System Analysis
Existing System:
Now a days, several methods are used for communicating confidential messages
for defense purposes or in order to ensure the privacy of communication between two
parties. So we go for hiding information in ways that prevent its detection.
Some of the methods used for privacy communication are the use of invisible links;
covert channels are some of existing systems that are used to convey the messages.
Since at present everything is done manually, it is having a lot of drawbacks. The

major Drawback of the present system is the bulk amount of physical volume of the data
making information search and retrieval is tedious Process. There are chances for
damage of papers containing information. So this process is time consuming process.
Drawbacks:
• Increased time
• Low accuracy
• High labour charges
• Increased uncertainty
• Data security is less
Proposed System:
The proposed system uses Image file as a carrier medium which add another step
in security. The objective of the newly proposed system is to create a system that makes it
very difficult for an opponent to detect the existence of a secret message by encoding
carrier medium as a function of some secret key and that remains as the advantage of
this system.
This system have several advantages over the existing system. They are
1. Data security is high.
2. It avoids data redundancy and ensures data integrity.
3. It doesn’t take more labour time.

Feasibility Study:
The feasibility of the project is analyzed in this phase and business proposal is set
forth with a very general plan for the project and some cost estimates. During system
analysis the feasibility study of the proposed system is to be carried out. This is to ensure
that the proposed system is not a burden to the company. For feasibility analysis, some
understanding of the major requirements for the system is essential.
Three key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis are
1. Economical feasibility
2. Technical feasibility
3. Social feasibility
1. Economical feasibility:
This study is carried out to check the economic impact for the system will have on
the organization. The amount of fund that the company can pour into the research and
development of the system is limited. The expenditures must be justified. Thus the
developed system as well within the budget and this was achieved ,because most of the
technologies used are freely available. Only the customized products had to be
purchased.
2. Technical feasibility:
If study is carried out to check about the technical requirements of the system. Any
system developed must not have a high demand on the available technical resources.
This will lead to high demands on the available technical resources. This will lead to high
demands being placed on the client. The developed system must have a modern
requirement, as only minimal or null changes are required for implementing this system.
3. Social feasibility:
The aspect of study is to check the level of acceptance of the system by the user.
This includes the process of training the user to use the system efficiently. The user must
not feel threatened by the system, instead must accept as a necessity. The level of
acceptance by the users solely depends on the methods that are employed to educate the
user about the system and to make him familiar with it. His level of confidence must be
raised ,so that also able to make some constructive criticism, as he is the final user of the
system.
CONTEXT DIAGRAM
PLAIN TEXT OR
COVER MEDIUM TEXT FILE STEGNO
KEY
(Image or Audio File) (Text to be Hidden)
STEGNO-ENCODING
TOOL
STEGNO
MEDIUM
STEGNO-DECODING
TOOL
.DAT FILE CONTAINING
HIDDEN TEXT
DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
ENCODING
STEGNO
PLAIN
KEY
TEXT
Vigenere
Cipher
Arithmetic
Encripted coding
Text
Conversion
into ASCII
form Key
Conversion Information
into 8-bit
form
Bit
Stream
Read the Audio in

Frequency Values Using Key
in Byte form Information Encode
Bit Stream in the
COVER Bit/Byte Stream of
MEDIUM Cover Medium
Read the Image in
RGB values of
pixel in Bit form
Resultant
Bit/ Byte Stream
STEGNO
MEDIUM
DECODING
Arithmetic
STEGNO Key
coding
KEY Information
Read the Audio in

Frequency Values Using Key
in Byte form Information
Decode Bit
STEGNO Stream in the
MEDIUM Bit/Byte Stream
Read the Image in
RGB values of
pixel in Bit form
Bit Stream of
Hidden Text
Conversion
into 8-bit
form Conversion
into ASCII
Form
Vigenere Encripted
Cipher Text
ORIGINAL
TEXT
ALGORITHMS
ENCODING
Least significant bit (LSB) coding is the simplest way to embed information in a digital Image
or Audio file. By substituting the least significant bit of each sampling point in Audio and each
pixel in Image with a binary message, LSB coding allows for a large amount of data to be
encoded.
The following diagram illustrates how the message 'HEY' is encoded in a 16-bit CD quality
sample using the LSB method:
In LSB coding, the ideal data transmission rate is 1 kbps per 1 kHZ.
ALGORITHM FOR ENCODING
STEP 1. //Information from Stegno Key
Input the key in string datatype;
//Apply Arithmetic coding to the string key float num =

Arithmetic_coding( key); num=num*100;
x=10*(1st digit of num); y=10*(2st digit of num);
STEP 2. //converting Plain Text into Bit Stream
//Input Text to be hidden in string datatype;

string plaintext;
//apply encription algorithm on this string string
ciphertext = Vigenere_cipher(plaintext); convert
ciphertext ASCII form;
convert ASCII form Bit_stream;
STEP 3. //Hiding bitstream of input text in Image or Audio file int

n = length(plaintext);
//HIDING IN IMAGE FILE
get_resolution( image )  pxq; if (p==odd)
p=p-1; if(q==odd) q=q-1;
R value of 1x1 pixel = n; int g =1;
int h=1;
int m= bit lodation in Bit_stream; char C= R or G or B;
for(int i=0;i<8n;i++)
If (m%3==1) C=R;
If (m%3==1) C=G;
If (m%3==1) C=B
Least significant digit of C value of (g+x)x(h+y) th pixel =
Bit_stream[i];
g = g+x; h = h+y;
//HIDING IN AUDIO FILE
string audio_stream= sampled audio Byte_stream;

audio_stream[0]= n;
for(int i=0;i<8n;i++)
If (Bit_stream[i]==0) audio_stream[i++]=audio_stream[i++] AND

“11111110”;
If (Bit_stream[i]==1) audio_stream[i]=audio_stream[i] OR
“00000001”;
}
ALGORITHM FOR DECODING
STEP 1. //Information from Stegno Key
Input the key in string datatype;
//Apply Arithmetic coding to the string key float num =

Arithmetic_coding( key); num=num*100;
x=10*(1st digit of num); y=10*(2st digit of num);
//from IMAGE file
STEP 2. //read stegno image
int n= R value of 1x1 pixel int g=0;
int h=0;
STEP 3. for(int i=1; i<=n;i++)
g=g+x;
h=h+y;
string Bit_stream;
char C;
If (i%3==1) C=R;
If (i%3==1) C=G;
If (i%3==1) C=B;
Bit_stream[i--]=least significant digit of C value of (gxh) pixel
}
// from Audio file
STEP 2. //read stegno audio
string audio_stream= sampled stegno audio Byte_stream; int n =

audio_stream[0];
STEP 3. for(int i=1;i<8n;i++)
Bit_stream[i]=least significant digit of audio_stream[i];
STEP 4. //converting Bit Stream into Plain Text
string ciphertext ;
convert Bit_stream  ASCII form; convert ASCII form  ciphertext;
//apply dencription algorithm on this string
string plaintext = inverse_Vigenere_cipher(ciphertext); PRINT plaintext;

Vigenere Cipher
Plain text: ATTACKATDAWN
Key: LEMONLEMONLE
Cipher text: LXFOPVEFRNHR
The person sending the message chooses a keyword and repeats

it until it matches the length of the plaintext, for example, the
keyword "LEMON" makes: Key: LEMONLEMON
Software & Hardware Environment
Software Environment
 Operating System : Window XP
 Development Environment : MS Visual
Studio .Net Framework 4.5
 Languages : C#.Net
Hardware Environment
 Processor : Intel®
Core™ i3-4005U CPU @ 1.70 GHz
 RAM : 8 GB
 Hard Disk : 250 GB
 Mother Board : Intel
chipset board
 Mouse : Logitech
optical mouse
 Key Board : 104 keys
keyboard
About the software and Methodology
What is .Net?
When .NET was announced in late 1999, Microsoft positioned the

technology as a platform for building and consuming Extensible
Markup Language (XML) Web services. XML Web services allow
any type of application, be it a Windows- or browser-based
application running on any type of computer system, to consume
data from any type of server over the Internet. The reason this
idea is so that this is the way in which the XML messages are
transferred: over established standard protocols that exist today.
Using protocols such as SOAP, HTTP, and SMTP, XML Web
services make it possible to expose data over the wire with little or
no modifications to your existing code.
Figure presents a high-level overview of the .NET Framework and

how XML Web services are positioned.
Stateless XML Web services model
Since the initial announcement of the .NET Framework, it's taken

on many new and different meanings to different people. .NET
developer creates great environment for robust distributed
applications. The role of IT manager,to deployment of applications
to end users, tighter security, and simpler management. For the
above statement, we need to get a grip on what the .NET
Framework consists of, and how it's truly a revolutionary step
forward for application architecture, development, and
deployment.
.NET Framework
We are familiar with the major goals of the .NET Framework, and
its architecture. As the .NET Framework lays on top of the
operating system, which can be a few different compound of
Windows .NET is a system application that needs a Windows
operating system. Conceptually, the CLR and the JVM are similar
in that they are both runtime infrastructures that abstract the
underlying platform differences. However, while the JVM officially
supports only the Java language, the CLR supports any language
that can be represented in its Common Intermediate Language
(CIL). The JVM executes byte code, so it can, in principle, support
many languages,. Unlike Java's byte code,
though CIL is never interpreted. Conceptual difference between

the two infrastructures is that Java code runs on any platform with
a JVM, whereas .NET code runs only on platforms that support
the CLR.
The Common Language Runtime

The heart of the .NET Framework is the common language
runtime. The common language runtime is responsible for
providing the execution environment that code written in a .NET
language runs under. The common language runtime can be
compared to the Visual Basic 6 runtime, except that the common
language runtime is designed to handle all .NET languages, not
any one. The mention below are list describes the benefits of
common language runtime:
• Automatic memory management
• Cross-language debugging
• Cross-language exception handling
• Full support for component versioning
• Access to legacy COM components
• XCOPY deployment
• Robust security model
You might expect all those features, but this has never been
possible using Microsoft development tools. Figure shows where
the common language runtime fits into the .NET Framework.
Fig. The Common Language Runtime
Note
Code written using a .NET language is known as managed code.

Code that uses anything but the common language runtime is
known as unmanaged code. The common language runtime
provides a managed execution environment for .NET code,
whereas the individual runtimes of non-.NET languages provide
an unmanaged execution environment.
Inside the Common Language Runtime

The common language runtime enables code running in its
execution environment to have features such as security,
versioning, memory management and exception handling
because of the way .NET code actually executes. When you
compiled Visual Basic 6 forms applications, you had the ability to
compile down to native node or p-code.
When you compile your applications in .NET, you aren't

creating anything in native code. When you compile in .NET,
you're converting your code—no matter what .NET language
you're using—into an assembly made up of an intermediate
language called Microsoft Intermediate Language.
Note
The file format for the integrated language is known as PE

(portable executable) format, which is a standard format for
processor-specific execution. When a user or another component
executes your code, a process occur called just-in-time (JIT)
compilation, and it's at this point that the IL is converted into the
specific machine language of the processor it's executing on. This
makes it very easy to port a .NET application to any type of
operating system on any type of processor because the IL is
simply waiting to be consumed by a JIT compiler.
When the IL code is JITted into machine-specific language,

it does so on an as-needed basis. If your assembly is 10MB and
the user is only using a fraction of that 10MB, only the required IL
and its dependencies are compiled to machine language. This
makes for a very efficient execution process. But during this
execution, how does the common language runtime make sure
that the IL is correct? Because the compiler for each language
creates its own IL, there must be a process that makes sure
what's compiling won't corrupt the system. The process that
validates the IL is known as verification. Figure 3.5 demonstrates
the process the IL goes through before the code actually
executes.
Fig. The JIT process and verification
When code is JIT compiled, the common language runtime

checks to make sure that the IL is correct. The rules that the
common language runtime uses for verification are set forth in the
Common Language Specification (CLS) and the Common Type
System (CTS).
The .NET Framework Class Library

The second most important piece of the .NET Framework is
the .NET Framework class library (FCL). As you've seen, the
common language runtime handles the dirty work of actually
running the code you write. But to write the code, you need a
foundation of available classes to access the resources of the
operating system, database server, or file server. The FCL is
made up of a hierarchy of namespaces that expose classes,
structures, interfaces, enumerations, and delegates that give you
access to these resources.
The Structure of a .NET Application

To understand how the common language runtime
manages code execution, you must examine the structure of a
.NET application. The primary unit of a .NET application is the
assembly. An assembly is a self-describing collection of code,
resources, and metadata. The assembly manifest contains
information about what is contained within the assembly.
The assembly mainfest provides:
• Identity information, such as the assembly’s name and

version number
• A list of all types exposed by the assembly
• A list of other assemblies required by the assembly
• A list of code access security instructions, including

permissions required by the assembly and permissions to be
denied the assembly
Each assembly has one and only one assembly manifest,

and it contains all the description information for the assembly.
However, the assembly manifest can be contained in its own file
or within one of the assembly’s modules.
Compilation and Execution of a .NET Application

When you compile a .NET application, it is not compiled to
binary machine code; rather, it is converted to IL. This is the form
that your deployed application takes—one or more assemblies
consisting of executable files and DLL files in IL form. At least one
of these assemblies will contain an executable file that has been
designated as the entry point for the application.
When execution of your program begins, the first assembly

is loaded into memory. At this point, the common language
runtime examines the assembly manifest and determines the
requirements to run the program. It examines security
permissions requested by the assembly and compares them with
the system’s security policy. If the system’s security policy does
not allow the requested permissions, the application will not run. If
the application passes the system’s security policy, the common
¬language runtime executes the code. It creates a process for the
application to run in and begins application execution.
The .NET Framework base class library contains the base

classes that provide many of the services and objects you need
when writing your applications. The class library is organized into
namespaces. A namespace is a logical grouping of types that
perform related functions. Namespaces are logical groupings of
related classes. The namespaces in the .NET base class library
are organized hierarchically. The root of the .NET Framework is
the system namespace. Other namespaces can be accessed with
the period operator. A typical namespace construction appears as
follows:
System
System.Data
System.Data.SQLClient
.Net Namespaces
Table 1-1. Representative .NET Namespaces
Namespace Description
System
This namespace is the root for many
of the low-level types required by
the .NET Framework. It is the root for
primitive data types as well, and it is
the root for all the other namespaces
in the .NET base class library.
System.Collections This namespace contains classes that

represent a variety of different
container types, such as ArrayList,
SortedList, Queue, and Stack. You
also can find abstract classes, such as
CollectionBase, which are useful for
implementing your own collection
functionality.
System.ComponentModel This namespace contains classes

involved in component creation and

containment, such as attributes, type
converters, and license providers.
System.Data This namespace contains classes

required for database access and
manipulations, as well as additional
namespaces used for data access.
System.Data. Common This namespace contains a set of

classes that are shared by the .NET
managed data providers.
System.Data.OleDb This namespace contains classes that

make up the managed data provider
for OLE DB data access.
System.Data.SQLClient This namespace contains classes that

are optimized for interacting with
Microsoft SQL Server.
System.Drawing This namespace exposes GDI+

functionality and provides classes that
facilitate graphics rendering.
System.IO In this namespace, you will find types

for handling file system I/O.
System.Math This namespace is home to common

mathematics functions such as
extracting roots and trigonometry.
System.Reflection This namespace provides support for

obtaining information and dynamic

creation of types at runtime.
System.Security This namespace is home to types

dealing with permissions,
cryptography, and code access
security.
System.Threading This namespace contains classes that

facilitate the implementation of
multithreaded applications.
System.Windows.Forms This namespace contains types

involved in creating standard Windows
applications. Classes that represent
forms and controls reside here as well.
Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming

Programming in the .NET Framework environment is
done with objects. Objects are programmatic constructs that
represent packages of related data and functionality. Objects are
self-contained and expose specific functionality to the rest of the
application environment without detailing the inner workings of the
object itself. Objects are created from a template called a class.
The .NET base class library provides a set of classes from which
you can create objects in your applications. You also can use the
Microsoft Visual Studio programming environment to create your
own classes. This lesson introduces you to the concepts
associated with object-oriented programming.
Objects, Members, and Abstraction
An object is a programmatic construct that represents
something. In the real world, objects are cars, bicycles, laptop,
and so on. Each of these items exposes specific functionality and
has specific properties. In your application, an object might be a
form.Control such as a button, a database connection.or any of a
number of other constructs. Each object is a complete functional
unit, and contains all of the data and exposes all of the
functionality required to fulfill its purpose. The ability of
programmatic objects to represent real-world objects is called
abstraction.
Classes Are Templates for Objects

Classes represent user-defined reference types. Classes
can be thought of as blueprints for objects: they define all of the
members of an object, define the behavior of an object, and set
initial values for data when appropriate. When a class is
initialized, an in-memory instance of that class is created. This
instance is called an object. To review, a class is instantiated
using the New (new) keyword as follows:
Visual Basic .NET
' Declares a variable of the Widget type
Dim myWidget As Widget
' Instantiates a new Widget object and assigns it to the myWidget
' variable
myWidget = New Widget()
When an instance of a class is created, a copy of the

instance data defined by that class is created in memory and
assigned to the reference variable. Individual instances of a class
are independent of one another and represent separate
programmatic constructs.
There is generally no limit to how many copies of a single

class can be initialized at any time. To use a real-world analogy, if
a car is an object, plans for the car are the class. The plans can
be used to make any number of cars, and changes to a single car
do not, for the most part, affect any other cars.
Objects and Members

Objects are composed of members. Members are properties,
fields, methods, and events, and they represent the data and
functionality that comprise the object. Fields and properties
represent data members of an object. Methods are actions the
object can perform, and events are notifications an object
receives from or sends to other objects when activity happens in
the application.
Object Models
Simple objects might consist of only a few properties,
methods, and perhaps an event or two. More complex objects
might require numerous properties and methods and possibly
even secondary objects. Objects can contain and expose other
objects as members.
Similarly, every instance of the Form class contains and

exposes a controls collection that comprises all of the controls
contained by the form. The object model defines the hierarchy of
contained objects that form the structure of an object.
Encapsulation
Encapsulation is the concept that implementation of an
object is independent of its interface. Put another way, an
application interacts with an object through its interface, which
consists of its public properties and methods. As long as this
interface remains constant, the application can continue to
interact with the component, even if implementation of the
interface was completely rewritten between versions.
Polymorphism
Polymorphism is the ability of different classes to provide
different implementations of the same public interfaces. In other
words, polymorphism allows methods and properties of an object
to be called without regard for the particular implementation of
those members. There are two principal ways through which
polymorphism can be provided: interface polymorphism and
inheritance polymorphism.
Interface Polymorphism
An interface is a contract for behavior, it defines the
members a class should implement, but states nothing at all
about the details of that implementation. An object can implement
many different interfaces, and many diverse classes can
implement the same interface. All objects implementing the same
interface are capable of interacting with other objects through that
interface.
Inheritance Polymorphism
Inheritance allows you to incorporate the functionality of
a previously defined class into a new class and implement
different members as needed. A class that inherits another class
is said to derive from that class, or to inherit from that class. A
class can directly inherit from only one class, which is called the
base class. The new class has the same members as the base
class, and additional members can be added as needed.
Additionally, the implementation of base members can be
changed in the new class by overriding the base class
implementation. Inherited classes retain all the characteristics of
the base class and can interact with other objects as though they
were instances of the base class.
Microsoft Visual Basic.Net

With its release for the .NET platform, the Visual Basic language
has undergone dramatic changes. For example:
 The language itself is now fully object-oriented.

 Applications and components written in Visual Basic .NET
have full access to the .NET Framework, an extensive
class library that provides system and application services.
 All applications developed using Visual Basic .NET run
within a managed runtime environment, the .NET common
language runtime.
FUNCTIONS
 private void generate_bincodes()
It is used to convert the string into binary codes or bit stream.This

function uses the class stack to perform this task.
 private void text_encrypt()
It is used to encrypt the plain text using vigenere cipher.
 private string text_decrypt()
It is used to decrypt the text which is generated from the stegno

medium.
 private float get_key()
This function is used to manipulate the stegno key.
 Public Bitmap encrypt()
This is the function responsible for hiding encryted text in the

image file
 public string decrypt()
This is the function responsible for decoding the stegno medium.

System Implementation
Implementation
Implementation is the stage in the project where the theoretical
design of the project is turned into a working system. It is a stage
where the operation of the system is monitored to ensu re that it
continues to work effectively. Education and training of the users are
also essential to ensure smooth functioning of the system.
The major tasks involved in the implementation are:
• Computer based/system testing.
• Training the user personnel
• Full system testing and making the necessary changes as desired
by the user.
• Change over.
• Maintenance.
The implementation strategy used is the parallel changeover.
The automated system has been put to use gradually so that its usage
can prove better for the concern.
After the system has been tested, the implementation type or the
change over technique from the existing system to the new system is a
step-by-step process. In the system, at first only a module of the
system is implemented and checked for suitability and efficiency. When
the end-user related to the particular module is satisfied with the
performance, the next step of implementation is preceded.
Implementation to some extent is also parallel. For instance,
modules, which are not linked, with other modules are implemented
parallel and the remaining is the step-by-step process.
Backups are necessary since any time unexpected events may
happen. And so during the program execution, the records are stored
in the workspace. This helps to recover the original status of the
records from any accidental updating or intentional deletion of records.
Implementation Procedures
Implementation means converting older system to a new design in
operation. This involves creating computer capable files and basic
software needed to run this system. The basic concept for
implementation needed is software installation and system
requirements. So in order to implement them, suitable hardware and
software must be available. Then the database must be created in the
computer without changing the database names which are used in the
table design.
Now the computer is ready for implementing the proposed system.
There are three types of implementation.
 Implementation of a new computer system to replace a
manual one.
 Implementation of a new computer system to replace an
existing one.
 Implementation a modified application to replace an
existing one.
User Training
Planning for user acceptance testing calls for the analyst and the
user to agree on the condition for the test. Many of these conditions
may be derived from the test plan. Others are an agreement on the
test schedule, the test duration and the test should be specified in
advance.
Plan User Training

User training is designed to prepare the user for testing and
converting the system. User involvement and training take place
parallel with programming for three reasons:
• The system group has time available to spend on training while the
program is being written.
• Initiating a user-training program gives the system group a clears
image of the user’s interest in the new system.
• A trained user participates more effectively in system testing.
For user training, preparation of a checklist is useful. Included are
provisions for developing training materials and other documents to
complete the training activity. In effect, the checklist call for a
commitment of personnel, facilities and effort for implementing the
candidate system
The training plan is followed by preparation of the user training manual

and other text materials. Facility requirements and the necessary
hardware are specified and documented. A common procedure is to
train supervisors and heads who, in turn train their staff as they fit.
Operational Documentation
In operational document, the general idea is about explaining
different module of this project. The detail explanation of this
operational document is to know the form infrastructure. There are
different forms that have different features, when it is selected then this
displays the particular detail about the particular contents. The content
will display all the details about the fields. In the particular form we can
add, edit, delete and update can be made. Each form displays the
particular module to perform this operation.
System Maintenance
Software maintenance is of course, redefining the system uniform.

Provision must be made for environment changes, which may affect
either the computer, or other parts of the computer based systems.
Such activity is normally called maintenance. It includes both the
improvement of the system functions and the correction of faults, which
arise during the operation of a new system.
It may involve the continuing involvement of a large proportion of

computer department resources. The main task may be to adapt
existing systems in a changing environment. Systems should not be
changed casually following informal requests. To avoid unauthorized
amendments, all requests for changes should be channeled to a
person nominated by management. The nominated person has
sufficient knowledge of the organization’s computer based systems to
be able to judge the relevance of each proposed change.
Project Life Cycle
Flow chart for Image Steganography

Flow chart for Audio Steganography
Sequence Diagram for Image Steganography
Data Flow Diagram for Image Steganography
Data Flow Diagram for Audio Steganography
System Testing
Testing is the process of executing the program with the intent of
finding errors. During testing, the program to be tested and
executed with a set of test cases and the output of the program
for the test cases is evaluated to determine the program is
performing as it is expected. Error is the testing fundamental and
is defined as the difference between the actual output of a
software and a correct output i.e., difference between the actual
and ideal testing is usually relied upon to detect these faults in the
coding phase for this, different levels of testing are used which
performs different tasks and aim to the test different aspects of
the system.
Goals of Testing:
The famous statement by Dijkstra (in Dahl et al. 1972) is a
perfect synthesis of the goals of the testing. If the results
delivered by the system are different from the expected ones in
just one case, in this unequally shows that the system is incorrect:
by contrast, a correct behavior of the system on a finite number of
cases does not guarantee correctness in the general case. For
instance, we could have built a program that behaves properly for
even integer numbers but not odd numbers. Clearly, any number
of tests with even input values will face to show the error.
Testing should be based on sound and systematic

techniques so that, after testing, we may have a better
understanding of the product’s reliability.
Testing should help locate errors, not just detect their

presence. The result of testing should not be viewed as simply
providing a Boolean answer to the question of whether the
software works properly or not.
Tests should be organized in a way that helps to isolate

errors. This information can then be used in debugging.
Testing should be repeatable, i.e., tests should be arranged

in such a way that separating the same experiment-supplying the
same input data to the same piece of code – produces the same
results.
Finally testing should be accurate – this will increase the

reliability of testing. Here we should observe that the accuracy of
the testing activity depends on the level of precision and may be
even formality of software specifications.
Testing Methodologies:
 Unit Testing
In it different modules are tested against the specifications

produced during design for the modules. It is essential for
verification of the code produced during the code phase and the
goal is to test the internal logic of the module.
 Integration Testing
The goal here is to see if the modules can be integrated

properly, the emphasis being on testing interfaces between
modules. After structural testing and functional testing we get
error free modules these modules are to be integrated to get the
required results of the system. After checking the module another
module is tested and is integrated with the previous module.
After the integration the test phases are generated and the results
are tested.
 System Testing
Here the entire software is tested. The reference

document for this process is the requirement document and the
goal is to see whether the software needs its requirements.
The system was tested for various test cases with various inputs.
 Validation Testing
In this testing the software is tested to determine whether

it suits to that particular environment. Validation testing provides
the final assurance that the software meets all functional,
behavioral and performance requirements. Validation refers to the
process of using the software in a live environment to find errors.
During the course of validation the system failure may occur and
software will be changed.
Tested all the fields whether accepting the valid input or not.
 Acceptance Testing
It is sometimes performed with realistic data of the client

to demonstrate that the software is working satisfactorily. Testing
here focus on the external behavior of the system, the internal
logic of the program is not emphasized.
In acceptance test the system is tested for various inputs. Thus

different types of testing are performed.
 Black Box Testing
Here the structure of the program is not considered.

Only the test cases are decided solely on the basis of the
requirements or specification of the program or module and the
internal details of the module or the program is not considered for
the selection of test cases. This is also called “Black Box Testing”
or “Functional Testing”.
Incorrect or missing functions.

 Performance errors.
 Database access errors
 Initialization and termination
 White Box Testing
It is considered with testing the implementation of the

program. The intention of the structural testing is not to exercise
all the different input and output conditions but to exercise the
different programming and data files used in the program. This
testing is also called “White Box Testing” or Structural Testing.
Source Code
Program.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace Steganography
{
static class Program
{
/// <summary>
/// The main entry point for the application.
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
Application.Run(new Steganography ());
}
}
}
Steganography.cs
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.IO;
{
public partial class Steganography : Form
{
private Bitmap bmp = null;
private string extractedText = string.Empty;
public Steganography()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void hideButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
bmp = (Bitmap)imagePictureBox.Image;
string text = dataTextBox.Text;
if (text.Equals(""))
{
MessageBox.Show("The text you want to hide can't be empty",
"Warning");
return;
}
if (encryptCheckBox.Checked)
{
if (passwordTextBox.Text.Length < 6)
{
MessageBox.Show("Please enter a password with at least 6
characters", "Warning");
return;
}
else
{
text = Crypto.EncryptStringAES(text, passwordTextBox.Text);
}
}
bmp = SteganographyHelper.embedText(text, bmp);
MessageBox.Show("Your text was hidden in the image

successfully!", "Done");
notesLabel.Text = "Notes: don't forget to save your new image.";

notesLabel.ForeColor = Color.OrangeRed;
}
private void extractButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
bmp = (Bitmap)imagePictureBox.Image;
string extractedText = SteganographyHelper.extractText(bmp);
if (encryptCheckBox.Checked)
{
try
{
extractedText = Crypto.DecryptStringAES(extractedText,
passwordTextBox.Text);
}
catch
{
MessageBox.Show("Wrong password", "Error");
return;
}
}
dataTextBox.Text = extractedText;
}
private void imageToolStripMenuItem1_Click(object sender,

EventArgs e)
{
OpenFileDialog open_dialog = new OpenFileDialog();
open_dialog.Filter = "Image Files (*.jpeg; *.png; *.bmp)|*.jpg;
*.png; *.bmp";
if (open_dialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
imagePictureBox.Image =
Image.FromFile(open_dialog.FileName);
}
}
private void imageToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender,
EventArgs e)
{
SaveFileDialog save_dialog = new SaveFileDialog();
save_dialog.Filter = "Png Image|*.png|Bitmap Image|*.bmp";
if (save_dialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
switch (save_dialog.FilterIndex)
{
case 0:
{
bmp.Save(save_dialog.FileName, ImageFormat.Png);
}break;
case 1:
{
bmp.Save(save_dialog.FileName, ImageFormat.Bmp);
} break;
}
notesLabel.Text = "Notes:";
notesLabel.ForeColor = Color.Black;
}
}
private void textToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs

e)
{
SaveFileDialog save_dialog = new SaveFileDialog();
save_dialog.Filter = "Text Files|*.txt";
if (save_dialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
File.WriteAllText(save_dialog.FileName, dataTextBox.Text);
}
}
private void textToolStripMenuItem1_Click(object sender, EventArgs

e)
{
OpenFileDialog open_dialog = new OpenFileDialog();
open_dialog.Filter = "Text Files|*.txt";
if (open_dialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
dataTextBox.Text = File.ReadAllText(open_dialog.FileName);
}
}
private void aboutToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs

e)
{
MessageBox.Show("By: Shrikant Pokharkar @ April 2015",
"About");
}
private void notesLabel_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
}
private void groupBox2_Enter(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
private void groupBox3_Enter(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
}
}
}
Steganography.Designer.cs
{
partial class Steganography
{
/// <summary>
/// Required designer variable.
/// </summary>
private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;
/// <summary>
/// Clean up any resources being used.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be
disposed; otherwise, false.</param>
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing && (components != null))
{
components.Dispose();
}
base.Dispose(disposing);
}
#region Windows Form Designer generated code
/// <summary>
/// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
/// the contents of this method with the code editor.
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.hideButton = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.dataTextBox = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.extractButton = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.menuStrip1 = new System.Windows.Forms.MenuStrip();
this.fileToolStripMenuItem = new
System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();
this.openToolStripMenuItem = new
this.imageToolStripMenuItem1 = new
this.textToolStripMenuItem1 = new
this.saveToolStripMenuItem = new
this.imageToolStripMenuItem = new
this.textToolStripMenuItem = new
this.helpToolStripMenuItem = new
this.aboutToolStripMenuItem = new
this.encryptCheckBox = new System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox();
this.passwordTextBox = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.groupBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();
this.notesLabel = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.imagePictureBox = new System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox();
this.menuStrip1.SuspendLayout();
this.groupBox1.SuspendLayout();
((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)
(this.imagePictureBox)).BeginInit();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// hideButton
//
this.hideButton.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans
Serif", 15F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular,
System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));
this.hideButton.Image =
global::Steganography.Properties.Resources.lock_icon__1_;
this.hideButton.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(720, 474);
this.hideButton.Margin = new
System.Windows.Forms.Padding(4);
this.hideButton.Name = "hideButton";
this.hideButton.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(241, 53);
this.hideButton.TabIndex = 0;
this.hideButton.Text = "Hide";
this.hideButton.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
this.hideButton.Click += new
System.EventHandler(this.hideButton_Click);
//
// dataTextBox
//
this.dataTextBox.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Tahoma",
12F);
this.dataTextBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(562,
107);
this.dataTextBox.Margin = new
this.dataTextBox.Multiline = true;
this.dataTextBox.Name = "dataTextBox";
this.dataTextBox.ScrollBars =
System.Windows.Forms.ScrollBars.Vertical;
this.dataTextBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(528, 320);
this.dataTextBox.TabIndex = 2;
//
// extractButton
//
this.extractButton.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft
Sans Serif", 15F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular,
this.extractButton.Image =
global::Steganography.Properties.Resources.unlock_icon__1_;
this.extractButton.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(720,
594);
this.extractButton.Margin = new
this.extractButton.Name = "extractButton";
this.extractButton.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(241, 53);
this.extractButton.TabIndex = 3;
this.extractButton.Text = "Extract";
this.extractButton.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
this.extractButton.Click += new
System.EventHandler(this.extractButton_Click);
//
// menuStrip1
//
this.menuStrip1.ImageScalingSize = new
System.Drawing.Size(20, 20);
this.menuStrip1.Items.AddRange(new
System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripItem[] {
this.fileToolStripMenuItem,
this.helpToolStripMenuItem});
this.menuStrip1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0);
this.menuStrip1.Name = "menuStrip1";
this.menuStrip1.Padding = new
System.Windows.Forms.Padding(8, 2, 0, 2);
this.menuStrip1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(1103, 28);
this.menuStrip1.TabIndex = 5;
this.menuStrip1.Text = "menuStrip1";
//
// fileToolStripMenuItem
//
this.fileToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.AddRange(new
this.openToolStripMenuItem,
this.saveToolStripMenuItem});
this.fileToolStripMenuItem.Font = new
System.Drawing.Font("Segoe UI", 9F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular,
this.fileToolStripMenuItem.Name = "fileToolStripMenuItem";
this.fileToolStripMenuItem.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(44,
24);
this.fileToolStripMenuItem.Text = "File";
//
// openToolStripMenuItem
//
this.openToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.AddRange(new
this.imageToolStripMenuItem1,
this.textToolStripMenuItem1});
this.openToolStripMenuItem.Name = "openToolStripMenuItem";
this.openToolStripMenuItem.Size = new
this.openToolStripMenuItem.Text = "Open";
//
// imageToolStripMenuItem1
//
this.imageToolStripMenuItem1.Name =
"imageToolStripMenuItem1";
this.imageToolStripMenuItem1.Size = new
this.imageToolStripMenuItem1.Text = "Image";
this.imageToolStripMenuItem1.Click += new
System.EventHandler(this.imageToolStripMenuItem1_Click);
//
// textToolStripMenuItem1
//
this.textToolStripMenuItem1.Name = "textToolStripMenuItem1";
this.textToolStripMenuItem1.Size = new
this.textToolStripMenuItem1.Text = "Text";
this.textToolStripMenuItem1.Click += new
System.EventHandler(this.textToolStripMenuItem1_Click);
//
// saveToolStripMenuItem
//
this.saveToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.AddRange(new
this.imageToolStripMenuItem,
this.textToolStripMenuItem});
this.saveToolStripMenuItem.Name = "saveToolStripMenuItem";
this.saveToolStripMenuItem.Size = new
this.saveToolStripMenuItem.Text = "Save";
//
// imageToolStripMenuItem
//
this.imageToolStripMenuItem.Name = "imageToolStripMenuItem";
this.imageToolStripMenuItem.Size = new
this.imageToolStripMenuItem.Text = "Image";
this.imageToolStripMenuItem.Click += new
System.EventHandler(this.imageToolStripMenuItem_Click);
//
// textToolStripMenuItem
//
this.textToolStripMenuItem.Name = "textToolStripMenuItem";
this.textToolStripMenuItem.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(120,
24);
this.textToolStripMenuItem.Text = "Text";
this.textToolStripMenuItem.Click += new
System.EventHandler(this.textToolStripMenuItem_Click);
//
// helpToolStripMenuItem
//
this.helpToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.AddRange(new
this.aboutToolStripMenuItem});
this.helpToolStripMenuItem.Name = "helpToolStripMenuItem";
this.helpToolStripMenuItem.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(53,
24);
this.helpToolStripMenuItem.Text = "Help";
//
// aboutToolStripMenuItem
//
this.aboutToolStripMenuItem.Name = "aboutToolStripMenuItem";
this.aboutToolStripMenuItem.Size = new
this.aboutToolStripMenuItem.Text = "About";
this.aboutToolStripMenuItem.Click += new
System.EventHandler(this.aboutToolStripMenuItem_Click);
//
// encryptCheckBox
//
this.encryptCheckBox.AutoSize = true;
this.encryptCheckBox.Font = new
System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 12F,
System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point,
((byte)(0)));
this.encryptCheckBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(136,
45);
this.encryptCheckBox.Margin = new
this.encryptCheckBox.Name = "encryptCheckBox";
this.encryptCheckBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(122, 27);
this.encryptCheckBox.TabIndex = 6;
this.encryptCheckBox.Text = "Encrypted";
this.encryptCheckBox.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
//
// passwordTextBox
//
this.passwordTextBox.Font = new
System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 12F,
System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point,
((byte)(0)));
this.passwordTextBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(136,
100);
this.passwordTextBox.Margin = new
this.passwordTextBox.Name = "passwordTextBox";
this.passwordTextBox.PasswordChar = '*';
this.passwordTextBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(229, 30);
this.passwordTextBox.TabIndex = 7;
//
// label1
//
this.label1.AutoSize = true;
this.label1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans
this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 103);
this.label1.Margin = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(4, 0, 4,
0);
this.label1.Name = "label1";
this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(104, 25);
this.label1.TabIndex = 8;
this.label1.Text = "Password:";
//
// groupBox1
//
this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.label1);
this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.passwordTextBox);
this.groupBox1.Controls.Add(this.encryptCheckBox);
this.groupBox1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans
Serif", 10.2F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular,
this.groupBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 474);
this.groupBox1.Margin = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(4);
this.groupBox1.Name = "groupBox1";
this.groupBox1.Padding = new
this.groupBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(499, 173);
this.groupBox1.TabIndex = 9;
this.groupBox1.TabStop = false;
this.groupBox1.Text = "Do you want Encryption?";
//
// notesLabel
//
this.notesLabel.AutoSize = true;
this.notesLabel.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans
this.notesLabel.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(11, 695);
this.notesLabel.Margin = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(4,
0, 4, 0);
this.notesLabel.Name = "notesLabel";
this.notesLabel.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(69, 25);
this.notesLabel.TabIndex = 9;
this.notesLabel.Text = "Notes:";
this.notesLabel.Click += new
System.EventHandler(this.notesLabel_Click);
//
// imagePictureBox
//
this.imagePictureBox.Image =
global::Steganography.Properties.Resources.images;
this.imagePictureBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16,
107);
this.imagePictureBox.Margin = new
this.imagePictureBox.Name = "imagePictureBox";
this.imagePictureBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(499, 320);
this.imagePictureBox.SizeMode =
System.Windows.Forms.PictureBoxSizeMode.StretchImage;
this.imagePictureBox.TabIndex = 4;
this.imagePictureBox.TabStop = false;
//
// groupBox2
//
Serif", 10.2F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold,
this.groupBox2.Text = "ENTER YOUR TEXT :-";
this.groupBox2.Enter += new
System.EventHandler(this.groupBox2_Enter);
//
// groupBox3
//
Serif", 10.2F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold,
this.groupBox3.Text = "SELECT YOUR IMAGE :-";
this.groupBox3.Enter += new
System.EventHandler(this.groupBox3_Enter);
//
// Steganography
//
this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(8F, 15F);
this.AutoScaleMode =
System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(1103, 738);
this.Controls.Add(this.groupBox3);
this.Controls.Add(this.notesLabel);
this.Controls.Add(this.imagePictureBox);
this.Controls.Add(this.extractButton);
this.Controls.Add(this.dataTextBox);
this.Controls.Add(this.hideButton);
this.Controls.Add(this.menuStrip1);
this.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Script MT Bold", 7.8F,
System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point,
((byte)(0)));
this.MainMenuStrip = this.menuStrip1;
this.Margin = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(4);
this.MaximizeBox = false;
this.Name = "Steganography";
this.StartPosition =
System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;
this.Text = "MCA_PROJECT_STEGANOGRAPHY";
this.menuStrip1.ResumeLayout(false);
this.menuStrip1.PerformLayout();
this.groupBox1.ResumeLayout(false);
this.groupBox1.PerformLayout();
((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)
(this.imagePictureBox)).EndInit();
this.ResumeLayout(false);
this.PerformLayout();
#endregion
private System.Windows.Forms.Button hideButton;

private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox dataTextBox;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button extractButton;
private System.Windows.Forms.MenuStrip menuStrip1;
private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem
fileToolStripMenuItem;
openToolStripMenuItem;
imageToolStripMenuItem1;
textToolStripMenuItem1;
saveToolStripMenuItem;
imageToolStripMenuItem;
textToolStripMenuItem;
helpToolStripMenuItem;
aboutToolStripMenuItem;
private System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox encryptCheckBox;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox passwordTextBox;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
private System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox groupBox1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label notesLabel;
private System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox imagePictureBox;
}
}
SteganographyHelper.cs
using System;
using System.Drawing;
{
class SteganographyHelper
{
public enum State
{
Hiding,
Filling_With_Zeros
};
public static Bitmap embedText(string text, Bitmap bmp)

{
// initially, we'll be hiding characters in the image
State state = State.Hiding;
// holds the index of the character that is being hidden

int charIndex = 0;
// holds the value of the character converted to integer

int charValue = 0;
// holds the index of the color element (R or G or B) that is

currently being processed
long pixelElementIndex = 0;
// holds the number of trailing zeros that have been added when
finishing the process
int zeros = 0;
// hold pixel elements

int R = 0, G = 0, B = 0;
// pass through the rows

for (int i = 0; i < bmp.Height; i++)
{
// pass through each row
for (int j = 0; j < bmp.Width; j++)
{
// holds the pixel that is currently being processed
Color pixel = bmp.GetPixel(j, i);
// now, clear the least significant bit (LSB) from each pixel
element
R = pixel.R - pixel.R % 2;
G = pixel.G - pixel.G % 2;
B = pixel.B - pixel.B % 2;
// for each pixel, pass through its elements (RGB)

for (int n = 0; n < 3; n++)
{
// check if new 8 bits has been processed
if (pixelElementIndex % 8 == 0)
{
// check if the whole process has finished
// we can say that it's finished when 8 zeros are added
if (state == State.Filling_With_Zeros && zeros == 8)
{
// apply the last pixel on the image
// even if only a part of its elements have been
affected
if ((pixelElementIndex - 1) % 3 < 2)
{
bmp.SetPixel(j, i, Color.FromArgb(R, G, B));
}
// return the bitmap with the text hidden in

return bmp;
}
// check if all characters has been hidden

if (charIndex >= text.Length)
{
// start adding zeros to mark the end of the text
state = State.Filling_With_Zeros;
}
else
{
// move to the next character and process again
charValue = text[charIndex++];
}
}
// check which pixel element has the turn to hide a bit in

its LSB
switch (pixelElementIndex % 3)
{
case 0:
{
if (state == State.Hiding)
{
// the rightmost bit in the character will be
(charValue % 2)
// to put this value instead of the LSB of the
pixel element
// just add it to it
// recall that the LSB of the pixel element had
been cleared
// before this operation
R += charValue % 2;
// removes the added rightmost bit of the
character
// such that next time we can reach the next
one
charValue /= 2;
}
} break;
case 1:
{
{
G += charValue % 2;
charValue /= 2;
}
} break;
case 2:
{
{
B += charValue % 2;
charValue /= 2;
}
bmp.SetPixel(j, i, Color.FromArgb(R, G, B));

} break;
}
pixelElementIndex++;
if (state == State.Filling_With_Zeros)
{
// increment the value of zeros until it is 8
zeros++;
}
}
}
}
return bmp;
}
public static string extractText(Bitmap bmp)

{
int colorUnitIndex = 0;
int charValue = 0;
// holds the text that will be extracted from the image

string extractedText = String.Empty;
// pass through the rows

for (int i = 0; i < bmp.Height; i++)
{
// pass through each row
for (int j = 0; j < bmp.Width; j++)
{
Color pixel = bmp.GetPixel(j, i);
// for each pixel, pass through its elements (RGB)

for (int n = 0; n < 3; n++)
{
switch (colorUnitIndex % 3)
{
case 0:
{
// get the LSB from the pixel element (will be
pixel.R % 2)
// then add one bit to the right of the current
character
// this can be done by (charValue = charValue * 2)
// replace the added bit (which value is by default
0) with
// the LSB of the pixel element, simply by addition
charValue = charValue * 2 + pixel.R % 2;
} break;
case 1:
{
charValue = charValue * 2 + pixel.G % 2;
} break;
case 2:
{
charValue = charValue * 2 + pixel.B % 2;
} break;
}
colorUnitIndex++;
// if 8 bits has been added, then add the current character

to the result text
if (colorUnitIndex % 8 == 0)
{
// reverse? of course, since each time the process
happens on the right (for simplicity)
charValue = reverseBits(charValue);
// can only be 0 if it is the stop character (the 8 zeros)

if (charValue == 0)
{
return extractedText;
}
// convert the character value from int to char

char c = (char)charValue;
// add the current character to the result text

extractedText += c.ToString();
}
}
}
}
return extractedText;
}
public static int reverseBits(int n)

{
int result = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)

{
result = result * 2 + n % 2;
n /= 2;
}
return result;
}
}
}
Annexure
Bibliography
Websites
Following websites are referring to create this project reports.
 http://www.asp.net
 http://www.asp123.com
 http://www.wikipedia.org
Books
Following books and ebook are used to complete this project
reports.
 Mastering C# (Paperback)
 .NET Black Book (Paperback)
 Professional C#, 2nd Edition (Paperback)
 Professional ASP.NET (Paperback)
 MCAD/MCSD Self-Paced Training Kit: Developing Web
Applications with Microsoft® Visual Basic® .NET and
Microsoft Visual C#® .NET, Second Edition
Appendix
KEYWORDS AND DEFINITIONS
Steganography: The art and science of hidden writing.

Cryptography : The science of writing in secret codes. Cover
Medium: file in which we will hide the hidden_data
Plain Text : Data to be hidden.
Cipher Text : The encrypted data to be hidden.
Stego Key : Data is hidden by using this string
Stego Medium : The final resultant file after hiding data. Bit
Stream : The binary code generated from the string.

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Project Report Steganography Compress

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Image and Audio Steganography

[If a revised proposal is submitted, the date should be changed accordingly]

Under the guidance of Lionel Faleiro

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for qualifying M.C.A Semester VI

DR. SHANKAR DAYAL SHRAMA BHAVAN,

VIDYANAGARI, SANTACRUZ(E), MUMBAI-98

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI, IDE BUILDING,

This is to certify that the Project titled

Image and Audio Steganography

Submitted for partial fulfillment of award of

MCA Semester VI Examination

Statement about the Problem

Steganography is the practice of hiding private or sensitive information within

Why is the particular topic is chosen?

Through out history Steganography has been used to secretly communicate

Some examples of use of Steganography is past times are:

Why This Steganography?

• Requirement of this steganography system is that the hider message carried by

• The other goal of steganography is to avoid drawing suspicion to the existence

This approach of information hiding technique has recently become important in a

This project has two methods – Encrypt and Decrypt.

• It is a simple approach for embedding message into the image.

• The Least Significant Bit insertion varies according to number of bits in an

• LSB is effective in using BMP images since the compression in BMP is

For digital audio files the techniques are:

IMAGE FILE INFORMATION FILE

INFORMATION FILE IMAGE FILE

Limitations of the Software:

What contribution would this Project make?

 Key Board : 104 keys keyboard

1. Objective and Scope of the Project

3. Definition of the Problem

4. System Analysis and Design

5. Software and Hardware Environment

8. Cost and Benefit Analysis

9. Project Life Cycle

The other objective of steganography is to avoid drawing suspicion to the existence of a

This project has following objectives:

• To product security tool based on steganography techniques.

• To explore techniques of hiding data using encryption module of this project

• To extract techniques of getting secret data using decryption module.

To protect a copyright on information. Photo collections, sold on CD, often have

 Steganography can also be used to allow communication within an

 Steganography is used by some modern printers, including HP and Xerox

The main goal of this projects it to communicate securely in a completely undetectable

Moves by various governments to restrict the availability of encryption services have

Message, M Stego Object, Z

Recovering message from a stego-object requires the cover-object itselt and a

There are several suitable carriers below to be the cover-object:

 Network protocols such as TCP, IP and UDP

 Identification of redundant bits in a cover-object. Redundant bits are those

 Embedding process then selects the subset of the redundant bits to be

Basically, the purpose of cryptography and steganography is to provide secret

It is possible to combine the techniques by encrypting message using cryptography and

ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL IMAGE

An image file is merely a binary file containing a binary representation of the

10010101 00001101 11001001

10010101 00001100 11001001

Bitmap Images (.bmp)

Reading Pixel Values

Blank(Less Important Data) 6

Blank(Less Important Data) 12

Since at present everything is done manually, it is having a lot of drawbacks. The

• High labour charges

x=10(1st digit of num); y=10(2st digit of num);

x=10(1st digit of num); y=10(2st digit of num);