Sir William Shakespeare

Slides organized by Rafa

Early Life
• Born to John Shakespeare, a glovemaker and tradesman,
and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent farmer,
William Shakespeare was baptized on April 26, 1564, in
Stratford-upon-Avon

• Scholars believe that Shakespeare was born on April

23, the same day on which he died at age of 52.

•As the third of eight children, young William grew up in

this small town 100 miles northwest of London, far from
the cultural and courtly center of England.
 • Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway (spelled as the
actress of Princess Diaries) at the age of 18. she was
26 years old. Anne was pregnant at the time and was
said that her family arranged the marriage because it
was not acceptable a woman be pregnant and single

• Anne Hathaway never went to London with her husband.

He used to visited her constantly and they had two
daughters and a son.

• Shakespeare died of fever, as usual at the time. This is not

a certain fact, but is believed as it is.
 • Is
believed that his knowledge about noble people
and the court is due to his relationship to
Southampton Earl
•Shakespeare joins a company of actors called Lord
Chamberlain’s Men. After queen Elizabeth I death and
the rise of James I he decided to call them King’s Men
• Is said that this wasn’t a period of big productions
by Shakespeare

• In his last years, he went back to Stratford-Upon-Avon

Elizabeth I, perhaps England's most famous
monarch, grew up in complex and sometimes
difficult circumstances. The daughter of King
Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn, she
was only two years old when she lost her mother.
Anne Boleyn was beheaded on the orders of her
husband, based on questionable charges of
adultery and conspiracy. Before long, Elizabeth
and her older half-sister Mary were declared to be
illegitimate as her father sought to pave the way
for a male heir. The two were later reinstated as
potential heirs. Their half-brother Edward was
born in 1537 by Henry VIII's third wife, Jane
Seymour.
In 1558, Elizabeth took the reins of her
country after the death of her sister. She
inherited a number of problems stirred up
by Mary. The country was at war with France,
which proved to be a tremendous drain on
the royal coffers. There was also great
tension between different religious factions
after Mary worked to restore England to
Roman Catholicism by any means necessary.
In fact, she earned the nickname Bloody
Mary for ordering the execution of 300
Protestants as heretics.
Elizabeth acted swiftly to address these two pressing
issues. During her first session of Parliament in
1559, she called for the passage of the Act of
Supremacy, which re-established the Church of
England, and the Act of Uniformity, which created a
common prayer book. Elizabeth took a moderate
approach to the divisive religious conflict in her
country. "There is one Jesus Christ," she once said.
"The rest is a dispute over trifles." However, Catholics
did suffer religious persecution and some were
executed under her reign, though historians differ
on the extent. The Roman Catholic Church took a dim
view of her actions, and in 1570, Pope Pius V
excommunicated Elizabeth.
With the assistance of her key advisor, William
Cecil, Elizabeth ended the war with France. She
was able to avoid clashing with the other
superpower of the age, Spain, for much of her
reign. Finally, in 1585, Elizabeth entered the
fray to support the Protestant rebellion against
Spain in the Netherlands. Spain then set its
sights on England, but the English navy was
able to defeat the infamous Spanish Armada in
1588. According to several reports, the
weather proved to be a deciding factor in
England's victory.
Succession became an another pressing issue
for Elizabeth once she took the throne. She
showed her talents as a diplomat, managing a
number of suitors and potential royal matches
during her reign. Through her father and her
sister, Elizabeth had seen the troubles and
challenges of royal marriages. Mary had made
an unpopular choice in marrying Phillip II of
Spain, who shared her devotion to the Roman
Catholic faith. In the hopes of reuniting their
two countries once more, Phillip even offered
to wed Elizabeth at one time.
Elizabeth, however, seemed to have no
interest in sharing power with a spouse.
Over time, she cultivated her image as a
queen married to her job and her
people. For this dedication Elizabeth
earned the nickname the "Virgin
Queen.“

Elizabeth reign for 44 years

Comedies Tragedies Historical
• Antony and Cleopatra • All's Well That Ends Well
• As You Like It
• Henry IV, Part I
• Coriolanus • The Comedy of Errors • Henry IV, Part II
• Hamlet • Cymbeline
• Henry V
• Love's Labour’s Lost
• Julius Caesar • Measure for Measure • Henry VI, Part I
• King Lear • The Merry Wives of Windsor
• Henry VI, Part II
• The Merchant of Venice
• Macbeth • A Midsummer Night's Dream • Henry VI, Part III
• Othello • Much Ado About Nothing
• Pericles, Prince of Tyre • Henry VIII
• Romeo and Juliet • The Taming of the Shrew • King John
• Timon of Athens • The Tempest
• Troilus and Cressida • Richard II
• Titus Andronicus • Twelfth Night • Richard III
• Two Gentlemen of Verona
• The Two Noble Kinsmen
• The Winter's Tale
http://www.granmirci.it/shakespeare.
htm

Site que fala

sobre
Shakespeare
ser italiano
 Arcadismo
Classicismo

Parnasianismo

Resgate de valores da cultura Greco-

Romana
A mitologia tornou-se única entre os
dois povos – gregos e romanos. O que
difere uma da outra são os nomes
dos deuses. Na religião grega, os
nomes são gregos e na religião
romana, a nomenclatura aparece em
latim. Por exemplo Júpiter e Zeus,
que é o mesmo deus, governante do
Monte Olimpo, mas chamados
diferentemente, o primeiro é como
os romanos denominam e o segundo
como os gregos chamam.
❖ Teve
inicio em Atenas por volta de
550 a.C

❖ Seuinicio foi em decorrência de

celebrações para Dionísio

❖ As máscaras eram muito

utilizadas, uma vez que as mulheres
não podiam participar. Havendo
personagem feminino, era
interpretado por um homem
Do grego, o termo tragédia
(tragoedia) é formado pelas
palavras, “tragos” (bode) e
“oidé”, (canção), e significa
“canção ao bode”, uma vez
que nas celebrações a
Dionísio (Canto ao Bode), um
bode era sacrificado para
oferenda e ainda os homens
se vestiam de sátiros.
As tragédias gregas eram
compostas geralmente por
cinco atos e uma das
importantes
características que a
diferem da comédia, eram
os personagens, ou seja,
na tragédia os
personagens eram deuses,
reis e heróis, enquanto na
comédia, os personagens
eram homens comuns.
Do Grego, o termo comédia
(komoidia) significava um
“espetáculo divertido”. Trata-se,
portanto, de um gênero teatral
crítico baseado nas sátiras e que
abordava diversos aspectos da
sociedade grega de maneira
cômica. Observe que ela era
considerada pelos clássicos
como um gênero menor, em
relação à tragédia.
sua manifestação se dá pela fala,
pela dança e pelo canto (parte
poética do teatro grego é
cantada), passando, com o tempo,
a contar com doze atores (em
dois grupos de seis).
Naturalmente, com a evolução
dos textos teatrais, muda
também a função do coro. Sua
finalidade inicial era a de alegrar
o espetáculo teatral falado,
posteriormente, passa a ter um
papel narrativo.