1.Name 2 ways in which an obligation can be extinguished and explain.

Loss of the Thing Due

Mrs. Lucas promised to make and deliver a particular painting for Mrs. Manansala.
Without his fault and after actually finishing the painting, a burglar entered Mrs. Lucas
house at night and stole the painting. Mrs. Lucas here now does not have any obligation
to deliver the painting anymore, his obligation has been extinguished by the loss of the
painting.
However, this rule does not apply when it comes to the obligation to deliver an
indeterminate thing. Remember, genus never perishes. So, if Mrs. Lucas promised to
deliver five kilos of white sugar and what he prepared was lost by his fault or through a
fortuitous event, he is still obliged to deliver five kilos of white sugar.
Condonation or Remission
Mrs. Lucas owed Mrs. Manansala Ten Thousand Pesos. Mrs. Manansala decided to let
go of the Ten Thousand Pesos debt since Mrs. Lucas has been a very good friend to
him through the years. Mrs. Lucas here now does not have any obligation to pay the
money anymore because it was condoned by Mrs. Manansala.

2. What are Fortuitous Events? Give examples.

Fortuitous events may be produced by two general clauses: (1) by nature, such as
earthquakes, storms, floods, epidemics, tsunami, etc. (2) by the act of man, such as
armed invasion (or coup d’etat), attack by bandits, governmental prohibitions, robbery,
etc.
Example of Fortuitous Events:
 The massive 7.7-magnitude earthquake that struck Luzon Island in the Philippines
on July 16, 1990, wreaked havoc across a sizeable portion of Luzon, the country's
largest island, with Baguio City suffering the most devastating effects. For days,
workers pulled bodies from the demolished buildings in Baguio.

 The Battle of Marawi also known as the Marawi siege and the Marawi crisis was a
five-month-long armed conflict in Marawi, Philippines, that started on May 23, 2017,
between Philippine government security forces and militants affiliated with
the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), including the Maute and Abu
Sayyaf Salafi jihadist groups. The battle also became the longest urban battle in the
modern history of the Philippines.