oMMUNICATION f0R VARIOUS (iAPTER OVERVIEW chapter cov- as the fundamentals of cessful communica- fon lke knowing Your pose, Knowing Your Mience, organizing your jdeas, and follow- ingbasic communication pndiples. Furthermore, communication is also emphasized as it serves iis purposes to inform, ewok, entertain, argue, and persuade. Lastly, the factors comprising a rhetorical ‘ation like author, audience, purpose, topic, and occasion are also discussed. end of this chapter you are expected to: - identify various communication fundamentals that comprise successful communication; identify important purposes of communication; i @ 5 ibit understanding on the components of rhetorical situations; an« iver effective speeches relevant to your field of specialization. your Audience ; “Communication is a systematic pede ination of information which will serve its pu AE 2 atl Fie bo 7 oe calen, AGS PEDO. 5 F iry, informal ion, reservation, and entertainmen! : Martinez, 2002 — ... a Scanned with CamScannerCommuni, cation Fundament, als ‘According to Oliver Schinkte, nication is a critical part of our nt lives, and it is something that we often overlook and fail to practice. There Plies that we also disregard the rtance of speaking, listening, and other forms of communication. ‘Although communication is an innate kill that is subconsciously learned and sed, this skill needs to be enhanced in order to attain a strong foundation of your fommunication ability. What are basic communication principles? £ communication, there are basic skills that help form the In the aspect o} skills. If these basic skills are foundations of our more advanced communication itis unlikely that more advanced communication can develop. whether in writing or speaking, if you understand I communication. The following are considered as purpose, know your audience, organize nissing, Asastudent, you can thrive several foundations of successful communication fundamentals: know your your ideas, and follow basic communication principles. 1. Know your Purpose need to have a specific y Why are you speaking? You ct purpose in mind. A purpose is an exact statement e what you want your audience tounderstand, to de, orto believe. You may want to entertain, inform or per your audience. 2 Know your Audience icator itis _ Towhom will you speak? As a coms ce important that you need to analy2@, Goa! the needs of your audience. sl Scanned with CamScanner3. Organize your Ideas How will you put your ideas together? Create an outline to diagram how your communication will be organized. Your outline should help you ensure that you don’t omit any vital information. Follow Basic Communication Principles How will you be an effective communicator? Master the principles of clarity in presenting your ideas, use familiar words in communicating your thoughts, and be an active participant in the entire communication process. Scanned with CamScannerTo effectively communicate, we must realize that we are all peas in the ‘way we perceive the world and use this understanding as a guide to our communication with others.” Tony Robbins _ Various information and meaning are conveyed when people communicate with each other. People may use language, which is a system of symbols in communicating. These symbols can either be written or spoken. Communication is considered as one of the basic activities of human beings, which may be used for varied Purposes. Communication can be informative, affective, imaginative, persuasive, and ritualistic. Informative communication pertains to the presentation of messages that are objective, truthful, and unbiased. Affective communication takes place when people express their positive and negative feelings about people, circumstances, or events. People who engage in imaginative communication are those who express their appreciation on fictional messages from books, films, and conversation. Persuasive communication on the other hand takes place when people attempt to influence the beliefs or actions of others, while ritualistic communication is done when people are able to meet social expectations. Why do people communicate? Communication is a part of everyone's life; people from every walks of life communicate. They do so to express their feelings, opinion, aspirations dreams, fears, apprehensions or regrets in life. Humans are creative beings, and they a how to communicate in various and creative ways through verbal, non- ver linguistic, or non-linguistic cues. i i Specifically, people communicate in order to inform, evoke, entertain, argue, and persuade. These purposes are discussed briefly below: 1. To inform i i \d to secure To inform is to impart knowledge, to clarify information, an understanding. a tsa Scanned with CamScannerq i To Evoke ‘To evoke means to rely on passion and sontovensy 7 make @ poy Evocative communication centers on controversial topics that jYPically yo emotion to make a point, Evocative communicators must show q lo fi t enthusiasm and concern for the topic and must use personal experiey”! claw the audience. Using government research, statistics and data qa" : help make their topics more believable and more engaging, To Entertain To entertain is to transmit a feeling of pleasure and goodwill 4g audience, The communicator is considered gracious, genial, good-natuye relaxed, and demonstrates to his orher listeners the plessantjob of spe to them. To Argue To argue is to persuade, to assent to the plausibility of hy communicator’s side of a debatable question. The speaker's purpose i appeal to the intellect of his or her listeners so that they will be conyi ' . To persuade To persuade is to move the listeners to action. The communicator should demolish the listener's objection, and prove the acceptability of his or her argument or position INFO CORNER Kinds of Speech according to Purpose 1. Informative Speech According to Osborn and Osborn (1988) an informative’ spect gives rather than asks or takes. The demands on the audience are low, as the listeners are asked to attend, to comprehend, to understand, to assimilate, but not to change their beliefs and behaviours. f 2. Persuasive Speech i Gronbeck (1994) explains that persuasive speaking is the process of producing oral messages that increase personal commitment, modify beliefs, attitudes, or values, 3. Argumentative Speech This is a speech that aims to persuade the audience to assent to the plausibility of the speaker's side of a debatable question. Scanned with CamScannerKinds of Speech according to Delivery 4, Read Speech Reading from a manuscript is a manner of speaking where a written speech is read and delivered word for word. 2, Memorized Speech This is a written speech which is mastered and delivered entirely from memory. This kind of speech requires the speaker a considerable memory skill in order not to forget his or her presentation. 3. Impromptu Speech This is a speech where the speaker develops his or her ideas, thoughts, and language at the moment of delivery. 4. Extemporaneous Speech This is a speech where the topics or ideas are prepared beforehand; however, the speaker will compose his or her views and language only at the moment of delivery. Scanned with CamScannerRhetorical Situation “Take cons eed jMoititige of every opportunity to practice your you will have fie skills, so that when important occasions arise, e gift, the style, the sharpness, the clarity, and the emotions to affect other people.” Jim Rohn According to Sprout, Dri i or Prout: Driscoll and Brizee (2012) there is no one singular ee that applies to all instances of communication, Rather, all : oe mmmunicate occur within innumerable, individual, rhetorical situations that are particular to those specific moments of communication, Likewise, Johnson-Sheehan and Paine, in their textbook Writing Today, state that an awareness of rhetorical situations can help in both composition and analysis. Once you know how to identify and analyze the elements of rhetorical situations, you will be able to produce writing that meets your audience’s needs, fits the specific setting you write in, and conveys your intended message and purpose. What are the Five Rhetorical Situations? As social beings, we communicate on a daily basis. In a broader sense, communication is not only about using explicit language like speaking and writing words but also about using implicit messages like tone or eye contact. For an individual to become a successful communicator, he or she needs to learn how to explicitly and implicitly communicate in various situations. Miller and Webb (1995) identified additional components to consider in communication called the thetorical situation which includes: author, audience, purpose, topic, and occasion. 1, Author a. Consider your needs as an author: * work habits * style * environment ». Knowing your style and being able to ed situation is essential to effective commune it and adjust to a particular ation. -_ Scanned with CamScanner2. Audience a. The level of fo communication, your b.. Different audiences: - friend/classmates(personal, informal, jargon, slang) tone, formal language) srmality and intimacy are determined By the recipients og audience. . + professionals(professional 3. Purpose a: Identify the purpose why you Inform * Persuade communicate, is it to: * Convince © Entertain 4. Topic a. This is a specific area of a particular subject that you choose to communicate. b. This should be clearly revealed to your audience. 3. Occasion a a. Thisis one of the circumstances prompting a communication. b. There should be formality, purpose, and tone in an occasion. INFO CORNER Rhetorical situation In the classical tradition, the art of public speaking is called rhetoric; the circumstances in which you give your speech or presentation are the thetorical situation. By understanding the rhetorical situation, -you can gauge the best ways foreach your listeners and get your points across, In so doing, you'll make the transition from your viewpoint to that of your audience members. Remember that without an audience to listen and respond to you, its teally not much of a speech. The audience gives you the space and time a8 a speaker to fulfill your role and, hopefully, their expectations. Just #4 group makes a leader, an audience makes a speaker, By looking to Your audience, you shift your attention from an internal focus (you) to an external (them/others) emphasis. This “other-orientation’. is key. to your success as an effective speaker, se Source:http://openlibumn, -edulbusinesscommunicationschay Scanned with CamScanner