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Abstract: This paper presents a suspension crossing structure having 160m span, analyzed with finite element method.
The structure’s behavior is different from other civil steel structures which are sensitive to the seismic action, while the
suspension crossings are very much influenced by the wind load. Lately, the Low Frequency Earthquake is considered
to have an impact on long span structures including these suspension crossings. This structure involves the use of two
different materials, having different values for Young’s modulus, and also it involves the use of two types of element,
bar and cable elements.
2 Structural configuration main cables situated at 2.0m. The towers are made of
The structure analyzed in this paper consists of a main hot-rolled profiles HEB400 as truss chords and SHS
span of 160m and two side spans of 35m as shown in 150/4 as diagonals and struts. The hangers have a
Fig. 1. The sag of the main cable is 12.5m having the diameter of 40mm while the main cables have a
cable sag to span ratio of 1/12.8. The distance between diameter of 60mm.
hangers is 5.0m. The gas pipe is a CHS having the
diameter 700mm and the thickness 8mm. There are two
12.5
16.5
3.5
The pre-stressing of the cables has the value of 35kN. 3.1 Erection stage
The modulus of elasticity used for the analysis varies An intermediary step in the process of erecting a
from 1.5e5MPa to 2.0e5MPa. crossing is the erection stage. The considered time
The load cases that can affect the structure and need involves 40% of the cables without pre-stressing and the
to be taken into account are: self-weight, dead load load cases taken into account are: self-weight, dead load,
(fluid in the pipe, additional elements for access), live wind and seismic action.
load, ice on cables, transversal wind, temperature The first mode of vibration, shown in Fig. 2, has a
difference (+ and -) and pre-stress. value of approximately 8 seconds so that the seismic
action has little influence on structure.
Table 1
Element E A T Ix Iy
[N/mm2] [mm2] [mm4] [mm4] [mm4]
M cable 1.5-2e5 2827 0 0 0
L cable 1.5-2e5 2827 0 0 0
Hangers 1.5-2e5 1194 0 0 0
Windguy 1.5-2e5 1194 0 0 0
Tower 2.1e5 46.6e3 3.17e5 4.7e10 1.2e9
Pipe 2.1e5 17.4e3 2.8e9 1.04e9 1.04e9
Fig. 3 presents the first mode of vibration, having the especially the one corresponding to the modulus of
value of 4.8s. Again, it results that there is small elasticity grater than 1.8e5MPa.
influence of usual seismic action.
Table 3
E Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4
[MPa] [s] [s] [s] [s]
1.5e5 4.6567 4.5497 4.3230 3.5710
1.6e5 4.6567 4.5499 4.3209 3.5790
1.7e5 4.6717 4.5562 3.6910 3.0071
1.8e5 5.1747 5.0377 4.1368 3.4555
1.9e5 5.6080 5.5663 4.5213 3.7245
2.0e5 4.9204 4.8444 3.8222 3.1688
Table 2
E Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4
[MPa] [s] [s] [s] [s]
1.5e5 4.8003 4.6589 3.8833 2.9203
1.6e5 4.8196 4.6790 4.0777 3.1632
1.7e5 4.8209 4.6798 3.7529 2.9464
1.8e5 4.9861 4.8862 3.8090 3.0037
1.9e5 10.6128 9.2572 7.0128 5.1593
2.0e5 11.0795 9.7983 9.3768 9.2662
temperature will induce supplementary stress, which [3]X3. Vicenzo Gatulli, Luca Martinelli, Federico
compared to the analysis in the paper, will give Perotti, Fabrizio Vestroni, Dynamics of Suspended
inaccurate results. Cables under Turbulence Loading: Reduced Models
For this, a way to simulate the effect of decreased of Wind Field and Mechanical System, Journal of
temperature is to run a separate step and from this step Wind Engineering and Wind Aerodynamics, No. 95,
to start the design of the suspension crossing. 2007, pp. 183-207.
Although it has been used the finite element method [4]X4. Mateescu Dan, Ivan Marin, Conducte metalice
the results for the analysis should be compared to a circulare cu diametru mare, Editura Politehnica,
refined FEM which can bring out the main features of a 1985
cable response to wind, turbulent wind and vortex. The [5]X5. Ivan Marin, Lupescu T., Ivan Adrian, The non-
last one is a characteristic of the wind load in the area linear analysis of cable supported gas pipe,
where the crossing has to be erected. From this it results Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of
the necessity of aerodynamic tunnel tests for a better Metal Structures, Orizonturi Universitare, 2000, pp.
observation of the suspension crossing behavior in wind 217-228.
conditions. [6]X6. Peter A. Irwin, Bluff Body Aerodynamics in
Wind Engineering, Journal of Wind Engineering and
Wind Aerodynamics, No. 96, 2008, pp. 701-712.
References: [7]X7. Burton D., Cao D.Q., Tucker R.W., Wang C., On
[1]X1. ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering the stability of stay cables under light wind and rain
Practice, Pipeline Crossings, No.89, 1996. conditions, Journal of Sound and Vibration, No.279,
[2]X2. Zhang Xin-jun, Sun Bing-nan, Aerodynamic 2005, pp. 89-117
stability of cable-stayed-suspension hybrid bridges,
Journal of Zhejiang University Science, No. 6A(8),
2005, pp. 869-874