Fos COLLAPSE OF DUCTILE HEAT EXCHANGE: WITH OVALITY UNDER EXTERNAL PRE: A. LOHMEIER Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Power Sytems, ‘Tampa Dison, Tampa, lori 3916, U.S. N.C. SMALL Unierey of South Forde, Tampa, Florida 3516, U.S.A HI, RONIN, R. GONNET FRAMATOME, Soctd Franco-Andriaine de Constructions Atomigne, "E71100 Chalom st Sabre, Pronce ‘SUMMARY ‘Conventional rues in boiler and pressure vessel code documents for computation ofcol> lapse pressures of long crclat tubes under external pressre do not drei give considers tion to the reduction of external presure capability due to tube cross section oval Allowable sires is based on computation of collapse pressure of perfect circular cylinders ‘icing tangent modulus material behavior concept or impirca formulae based on collapse tests of actual tubes, Desig rule safety factors have accounted for maximum ovalty expected in actual tubing Tn computation of external pressure of nuclear system heat exchange tubing, tis prudent to determine collapse pressure considering effects ofovalty. Ovalty can result from bending processes utilized in forming U-tube beat exchanger tubing and an assessment should be rade of the external pressure capability reduction in contrat tothe increase du 1 the tr0> dal shell form consequent from bending. ‘An analytic technique has been devised for aplication to collapse pressure determination for long lindrcal tubes with uniform cross-sectional ovaity using plastic limit analysis, theory in computation of upper and lower bound limit pressure. The technique applies limit analysis theory to a geometric idealization of an oval tube where plastic material behavior ‘governs the collapse mechanism rather than elastic instability. Theory includes the effect of ‘latc deformation changes on intial ovality prior to collapse. Vel eiterion assumed isa bilitear representation of the parabolic yield surface consequent from the combination of bending and normal forces, Tn corroboration of the application of plastic limit analysis theory to collapse presure -dourination of long, oval cylindrical tubes, collapse iss of actual heat exchanger tubing ‘rom several sources have boon performed. Careful experiments hve been performed for ‘yield strength determination of sample tube specimens. Results indicate reasonable agreement ‘with theoretical determination of collapse pressure using plastic limit analysis theory for tubes of diameter to thickness proportions conducive 10 plastic hinge formation collapse mechanisms, Collapse experiments with U-bend tubing indiate the inerease in external pres ‘sue capability of sharply bent ting over that of long stesight cylindrical tubes with similar ‘ovaity, The agreement of experimental results with plastic limit analysis theory suggests rat ‘caliy of consideration of tube ovality in formulating design rules for nuclear heat exchanger ‘tubing under external pressureFo sechaps the vont Snpertnt coninration Sn the deatga of sofers heat exchangers that of tublog, the snlec on of approve tube wall thcawas reflects haily op the aconance he secagity of the vane hinges strecely on the ibe thichnsse, for tubes uteri for such application £2 corty and the dentgn of wach tblep mat consequntly serealpreteuce since the nlQ-000"s, Tp betoriesl perspaceiv payers by Tatebates (2) Carnes abd Care (2) [3], Janper and Stiivan [¢], Sturn 3], tiodusko [6], and others oened the Sala for daaigh tales over te yee. fotational procedures. The ABI Sotter and Preece Vee] Cole Sections VEIE (7) and {Ut (3 peovdde for tale teed on ther tect rerslte fron a serlan of oallapee ox ipabicy, thts effect wae coneidered only 1m wetablishing deatgnsifty factor. Gm ‘hte ceshntgee fan Seen dateraas through collapas tertag of tbleg with vary sure Comecctat heat enchager tehing Le generally anGdccerad vith anal: veiiey (lane than 10) ‘ta Maher depres of allay. Th Fenueiog toroidal shape of bent “bee gives rise co two Prone over chat for te atraghe tbeae eas ca ton, E stig atv ulni discs of the bn tbe sap nresng Mothode of pleette Liatt eniyese (9) vere uttitea to daternine spr and tover tou for sect, the developeat of upper and Lover bounds te dencrthed in detail tn the Append. eons of plaatie Liste anipate vere utsleney ansunng cteeloe coonacted by short flat regtone (Figure 1), The bildneer yield déegrom (Plgure 2) peer ound cobapan ot by saaaeeing 4 wuttSotent and judtetous toe of pacts hinges, aquacing Uh externa work to Oh internal plartie work dering a ever bounds ware found fron agutitbrim oatteectton forthe given choice’ of plastic hingee Antione are Linear, lover bounds were calculated by multiplying the upper bound collase pesenara ty the appropriate Veanter-oft148" want rato WAdsh teduen G0 eh ylald care. arproninata vay, by conaldriog the total oval of the elantécay detected shape at rior co collapee as the relevant parmater, nce, for che eane ianitaed cai tube eon one viewpoist [10], £¢ 4a a fonction of tbe looding Matory and therefore cannot sntgvely defined. Therefore, on explanation for the wcsens of the peevent technique dn correatiog straight oral tbe tert daa mutt ovale tents of farther atudy.tvertsles ta accantrenily Jouded estan (npartection stabLey concept), apd thatthe Eube der ‘oe csrvad Ucbendtoban, eo slnliee saiyeto wae attend bocnuee of geonetric eifftsies ‘actvely that curved tubes hve enteral preetre capability aver Ut of eEalght Cae coFoe capes peesncn of hat exchngat bing, atria of tanta wore perforneé on sontnal 3/4 ~ 043 tach and 7/8 050 och atelght Lesgthe of Tncosal tubing with varying deprene of Svaltty. Purtherors, tant vote perforad on asvaunutactared 1/8 ~ 050 ech cabin wich ‘tee ware pesforeed Jn 4 cllnivieal chasber ih could accomodate either atrateht ot \Vbeod ting, The aBealgh tober were closed at sou end and tad ta ene bead of the on vas induced tm teaigtt tube lmgthe a owe ys Tor tbe 3/4 fh atl ene at of 1/4 snc bas 9 rolléegproceen ne Utilized within ¢ flatute veh coutetial Atencmnt to hm ovalaation and stseen sella procma (Uf utiniaed), tha marertal ytelé tcegth vie deterainel, Hor Ow 3/4 Inch aban dat a single ast of 7/4 4o0h tben, ring spacizae were cecoved fron the tbe and ng Ioedng tent purforad on the spectnens fron 18 tach uvatteneralieved teat specinne, conventions taba tenella test data vay tilde. sovingcatettonansy Det Line straight mabe epactons are show plotted on Fsts 5 ater yleldwteength and f ovality of epacizana. Also dnilcated on Figure 5 are theore= coveltty Cloeoding slate catoraction effata prior &> collapes). The thacraicel rerulte sre thos contol for the 7/8 = 05 tech abe disautons, eve wate pstorned for 7/8 ~ 050 Sach Wheed tab apecinae of eeveral dlfferent sereigh section epecnws of the ete tube vere Alto tattad and provigad 2 ery at nero ovtltty. Eatlta fo the 7/8 ~ 050 S008 tes show 1 seth theory for the sppar abd owe bownde bed op aitiat evoitty.roe Since data for aro ovaLitytubee exceed the Voce tea pB/iyt value of 1.0, 45 cam be sven 049 Sach eben can Lautan e corrected domovard for rennnable correlasion with Utara Date fr tha woatrane vllavad 7/8 050 Anh cuban shown consdarabie vertaton feos Capeiity of abtog. de the date for che beat apectenne shove seeatghe tobe contigueetion, The collapee ode within the bend ropion £2 complet ox scalytie techaguue are ot provided for prediction of collape pressures of Ubend robes. ‘oe around the tabe clrcantarence comensect fron the bending 20 ong seeaighe ah ten can ba uae uti2tnng plastic nit aniyeie. Te prctaion af ‘thda the tube end 450 relation to the annie natarial bebavioe inthe wore dater= of the cubes, particularly for the wesll bao call. MevettbLees, 1¢ acne dasign rule seeaghe tbePOA or zaction of the danign of tha taba cllapen eet appraioe end Cast prope for deter 1 atesnten, ay "ie Renatance of Tabee te Collpan", Thlovephte tranestlone, wa iplscrisg iperieat 1 vine Cobspon of share me Dah (Ud Sarpocs to and nttvan, J. Woy Na Calipntng Seroneth of Sten] Tes", teaae- SEES ci'ehe amceun fociaty £60 tchasteat aagiaersy 1 wi ing Preoeure of Thinlted Cyiodere!, mttetén ra fd Gens Js Me, nary of Hale Seabiey, Mecrawtlt Book (71m totter aed Penure Yeast code ~ section VILE ~ Praseure Vanuals = Divtston 1, fire ee Se eee (81 49a setter and Penna Vasnel coda = cts (91 fog, Fs Co, Hastie Aaigate of Steuctaces, Mera Buck Company, Tne, Yaw Yr, U0) ots 2. 24, aod Dc, 2. Coy "Oo she Concept of Seallity of nelastte Syetene Scutal'of ronarical Stance, iy 503 (950): = clrunterectat bending sooest eyt tlh = Yuet nomen © Ogg Byyg/B = tate ovateey + agt = Noo foren a Pus Upper bund cabana 4+ cmpreeeton of Hed Rises £ f= tower bound factor (pe = £9) 1/2 o Jeft| = aga = e/8 2 wrngle 2 @ he Antares plastic work Hy at a ylald hinge te Met hem o where ¢ aod ¥ are related by aqintions (2) of (2) aed HX must be on the eld curve Tonal 2/3]wma| = 1s fuMel> 272 © alatsel + [el #1 LWPRl< 3/2 o tue of equations (4) and (5) dn equation (3) ivan the atoplifted forme age Molel «IW 2/2) Me Mle LaHele 72 o that [i/tal> 1/2 for both hinges 1 and 2 a€ A and B, ranpeceiveiyy Figates Lend 2). Sloce ¥ ye = 2 Molen 4 [WNo|> 4/2 per gnteane o ‘tng the eotiapee eshanten of Figures I and 3, se external work efor one qndeant toPop Wee nate +90 F naler +e) o ‘bee tatton of equations (1) and woo of cen 1 eauation (9) an equaiog We DAM yt = 210008 ED) 5 [ngs 1/2 ao Soon the inti sore fore Heng este a& upper Mage 2 (Pigere 3), the conden Ich = mtvant = 2/2 an sore sh eenttn (1) appttn fortune 2/GH§D = ng on for the pstialr cee of 1/8 Sach oar Stneer abe oth 05 Sach wilt este ie8, th wpe Lnte for ut of auton (10) ta eo2/80.007. Por ideal ote stove tgs the Magee an I sove eeeuesvey ogo sgrence HE an BE ofthe pla serve of Figs. The wpe bund aciyete sn tulogos to eat gin realy malo Satie B * an pute = erate BS) yee ae (0.007 ech/59 = 1017 tor Ve ‘yold carve (Figre 2). Detltetg upper Bounds of oqurttoan (10, (13), of (U4), eqaatbetan 4s whom prtserved over he ceniccoular arcu otcet for flat zeptone 8 ad HF (rigure 1). Hae nadnum nonent cece at the canter of the Hat, a Lover Bound may be obeatned by suistyiicg pu by the apropeiae canter aoneatsatle that briege Ay (Figure ©) within the ‘yd carve, IMs Lover Sound py Sn 2ene than the wppte ound of aqutione (10) and (3) for ‘e017 and /48.25. Tor sample, the factor f(pret py) for he taney Ge40.087 of ‘oquatice 0) te THe iad “Eqattina 0), (20, and (14) are shown plotted Sa Figure 5, “igre 1. ror alghely oval Ses, the doureaea fe ovaDy € dea to elas detection prlor to sollaas Se significant, 16 would appar rauhatic to utilise the elatically deforaet shape se collagens An epvesiaation te the cleat Lacrente du ovat aay be obtaed by Cate pf | ga Mays) = O98 for veo 8 “rhe vale ofc, uation (16) obtateed fron eeetic solution of wiley oral tbe vith ‘the Lovee bound factor € of equatson (IS), 4 mut alzo be replaced by opt deternine ‘Slstic affect, ape thom oa Figure 5, plotted ana fupetion of the soit ovaitey {a oullttes fr which the collapee preaure equations (10, (12), snd (1) aprly, are Alea, Tor example, wan e ta raplace ty oy 4m equations (10) and (LD) the upper Mate 1 catvod from 0.957 to 0.072, for B/006.25 and 0/60",