Alexandria University Hy yaar aad Faculty of Engineering Aessight Ayls Electrical Engineering Department Ay Aeasighl pad January 2019 20194 Course fitle: Introduction to Energy Systems Year : First year Time allowed: 3 Hours Attempt ALL Questions: PART -1 Question 1 [10 marks] a- Establish the following relationships: i- | kKWh=36x10° Joules ii- 1 kWh = 860 kcal. b- The opposite figure is the layout of a typical thermal PS. In_one sentence describe the function of each block shown in this figure. c- A steam power station spends Rs 30x10° per year for coal used in the station, The coal has calorific value 5000 keal/kg and costs Rs 300 per ton. If the station has [Ga |] a thermal efficiency of 33% and electrical efficiency of 4 90%, find the average load in the station. — d- In a hydraulic power plant, if the weight of water (per cubic meter) available per sec is 9810 N with a head of 100 m, calculate the electrical energy generated per hour if the hydraulic efficiency is 0.86 and the electrical efficiency is 0.92. Question 2 [10 marks] (a) Solar Energy is necessary for Egypt as a renewable source of energy, write briefly on the advantages of renewable energy and the limitations of its use. Explain with neat sketches the concept of concentrated solar power (CSP) and Solar Satellite Power System (SSPS) for electrical energy production and_its applications. (b) A solar satellite power system produces 15 GW on earth from two square shaped photovoltaic arrays, each with 5 km on its side, Assume a packing fraction of the solar cells of 0.95 and a solar constant of 1353 Wim2, Calculate the overall efficiency of the system. Determine the PY array sizing to supply the above power to the utility at 220 V using a module with the following characteristics: Power (at Maximum power point MPP) = 80 W, voltage = 19.6 V and current = 4.1 A with overall efficiency of 93 %. (©) Wind Energy proved to be a successful source of electrical renewable energy in Egypt on the Red Sea coast (Alzafarana & Gabal Alzait Farms). Explain the principle of operation and the main construction parts of the wind turbine. Verify that the mean power produced from the wind turbine is AC,v? where A: area of blade, v: mean wind velocity, Cp: coefficient of power and p: is the specific weight of air. A horizontal shaft wind turbine has a diameter of 140 m and runs at 50 rpm. If the wind speed measured by anemometer is 13m/s and the wind turbine (mechanical) efficiency is 35%. Air density is given to be 1.2 1 eekg/m’ for this turbine calculate the total power density in (W/m’) in the wind stream and the total mechanical power produced in kW. Question 3 {10 marks] (a) Recently, a lot of studies are going on Ocean energy as a renewable source of energy. Explain in brief different types of Ocean Energy conversion. Show the limitation on its use and the main parameters that affect the studies, For the OWEC type prove that the power density is swore ‘a where w: the speci weight of water, g: gravity factor, 2a: amplitude of wave and f: frequency of wave (b) Tidal Energy can be a useful source of renewable energy. Explain the statement using neat diagrams. Derive an expression for the average output electric power for a tide with range R, water density and area A. A tidal power plant of the simple single pool type has an area of 12000 km? and water density of 1023 kg/m’.The tide range is 9 m and the gravity acceleration is 9.81 m/sec*, Determine the average clectric power generated in MW if the turbine/generator efficiency is 75%. (0) Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) and Biomass are two promising sources of clean renewable energy for green environment. Explain the statement in detail and show the reflection of these iechnologies on Egyptian society. Geothermal energy showed to be an optimistic fiture in the West Deseit of Egypt, explain the main scheme structure and its impact on the Energy Mix Map of Egypt. PART 2 Question 4 [10marks| a) Define each of the following quantities: Illumination (or Illuminance); ii- Luminous Intensity (or Candlepower); iii- Color Rendering Index. b) Given the following three types of lamps: Incandescent lamp (1), Fluorescent lamp (2), and high-pressure sodium lamp (3). Copy and paste the following table in your answer sheet, while sorting these lamps from "best" to "worst" in terms of the characteristics shown in the table. ~ Efficacy ~_ Life Time crs; c) A 250-W MH lamp is suspended from ceiling at a height of 15 ft. Using data of candle power distribution curve shown in table to calculate the illumination at point (p) and point (n). HorizontalQuestion 5 [10 marks] a) Mention 3-5 different types of fuel cells, giving the salient differences among these types. b) A model for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) /~ is shown in the opposite figure. Explain the operation of this c c) Summarize the salient differences between primary cells and secondary cells of electric batteries. d) Give 2 types for each of the primary cells and secondary cells showing their basic characteristics Fe Part 3: MCQ (Ina separate exam paper) [25 marks] Good Luck PEM FUEL CELL Prof. Dr. Ahmed Hossam Eldin Prof. Dr. Nabil Abbasy Dr. Thanaa Sharaf EldinFy yssayh dale Aiexandria University Faculty of Engineering Fuasigh Aus Electrical Engineering Department wey Bagg) Lasigt aud January 2018 aye Course title: Introduction to Energy Systems Ta BT Jal pal Year : First year PUES colsl Apel pall Ada Time allowed: 3 Hours lel CDG ; Glaiayl baa Attempt ALL the questions Question 1 [15 marks] (a) Design an interior illumination system for the layout shown in fig.1, considering the building height as 3.5 m. The illumination levels required in the library, exhibition hall and toilet are 1000, 1200 and 300 Lux, respectively. The final wall reflectance is 60% for the library and the exhibition hall and 40% for Exhibition Hall 8m x 9m library 8m x 12m (b) Define the following terms; explaining its effect on the choice of suitable luminaire and lamp types for illuminating a certain space: * Polar curve © Color rendering index © Lumen depreciation (©) With the aid of neat sketches explain the basic working principle of fluorescent lamps and high pressure mercury vapor lamps, then discuss their characteristics. Question 2 [12 marks] (a) Derive an equation for the electromotive force induced in transformer winding in terms of working frequency, number of turns and core flux. (b) With aid of neat sketches prove that the net flux passing through the transformer core is approximately independent of the load condition. (c) 15 KVA, 2300/230 V transformer has the following test Vv) 1) [PW) | data: [Short cireuittest| 47 | -6 | 160 1 i. Find the equivalent circuit of this transformer { Open cireuit test | 2300 | 0.21 | 50 referred to the high-voltage side. Calculate the voltage regulation and efficiency when the transformer is supplying full load at 0.8 power factor lagging. Find the output kVA at which the efficiency of the transformer is a maximum, iv. Plot a free-hand sketch of the full-load voltage regulation. 1Question 3 [12 marks] (a) Draw a schematic diagram for the steam-cycle of a thermal power station showing energy conversion processes. Enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of these types of conventional power stations. (b) Why some gas turbine units are installed in selected thermal power stations of the Egyptian interconnected power system. How the overall thermal efficiency can be improved by using combined cycle thermal power stations. (c) A 100 MW steam power station uses coal of calorific value 6400 keal/kg. Thermal efficiency of the station is 30% and electrical efficiency is 92%, Calculate the coal consumption per hour when delivering full rated output and the coal consumption per day if the load factor of the station is 50%, Question 4 [12 marks] (a) With the aid of neat sketches classify the different types of power stations in terms 0 meet the daily load fluctuations. Explain the concept of “Spinning Reserve”. response to (b) A hydroelectric station operates under a mean head of 30 m. The reservoir has an area of 400 km, The average annual rainfall in this area is 1.25 m. Assume that 20% of the water is lost by evaporation. 5% of the head is lost in the penstock, turbine efficiency is 85%, generator efficiency is 90% and the load factor is 40%. Determine the capacity of the station for which it should be designed. (c) The fission of Uranium U5 nucteus yields about 200 MeV on the average. Knowing that Avogadro’s number is 6.0225 x 10% molecules per gm mole and 1 eV equals 1.6021 x 10? Joule. Determine the released heat energy (MW.day) from the fission of one gm of U>*. If coal calorific value is 7.5 kWhikg, find the coal consumption to produce the same amount of heat energy of 1 kg US burn up. Question 5 [12 marks] (a) Solar Energy is necessary for Egypt as a renewable source of energy, write briefly on the advantages of renewable energy and the limitations of its use. Explain with neat sketches the concept of concentrated solar power (CSP) for electrical energy production and its applications. (b) A solar satellite power system produce 15 GW on earth from two square shaped photovoltaic arrays, each with 5 km on its side. Assume a packing fraction of the solar cells of 0.95 and a solar constant of 1353 W/m?. Calculate the overall efficiency of the system. Determine the PV array sizing to supply the above power to the utility at 220 V using a module with the following characteristies: Power (at peak power point) = 70 W, voltage = 18.5 V and current = 3.79 A with overall efficiency of 90%. () Wind Energy proved to be a successful source of electrical renewable energy in Egypt on the coast of the Red Sea (Alzafarana & Gabal Alzait Farms). Explain the principle of operation and state the power equations with the main effective parameters. Verify that the mean power produced from the wind turbine is +pAC,v® where A: area of blade, v: mean wind velocity, Cp: coefficient of power and p: is the specific weight of air. A horizontal shaft wind turbine has a diameter of 120 m and runs at 40 rpm. If the wind speed is 15 m/s and assuming that the wind turbine (mechanical) efficiency to be 35%. Air density is given to be 1.226 kg/m? for this turbine calculate the total power density in (W/m?) in the wind stream and the total mechanical power produced in kW. 2come , Ay ysicuyl dads Faculty of Engineering Aussigtt Aus Electrical Engineering Department & yf Happ) Lacsigtt aud January 2017 2017 te ‘Course title: Introduction to Energy Systems Wa GAB 3) Jka sil pal Year : First year eles cols! ual yall Aad ‘Time allowed: 3 Hours Gilet 238 gla 50 1- (a) Design a lighting system for an exhibition hall 20 x 8 x 4 m. The final reflectance for walls, ceiling and floor is 50%, 30% and 20%. 400 W HID lamps are used with 1 = 85 lm/W. Cleaning is performed every 12 months and the place is considered as clean. The height of the work plane is 20 cm and the luminaires are mounted at 70 cm from the ceiling. Give a complete characterization of the selected lamp type. Discuss the effect of lighting control procedures on energy savings in this case study. (b) Define the following terms: * Polar curve * Color rendition © Lumen depreciation (c) Explain the factors controlling the choice of the most suitable lamp and luminaires for illuminating a certain space. (a) Discuss the types of transformer losses and explain how to reduce each of them. (b) With aid of neat sketches prove that the net flux passing through the transformer core is approximately independent of the load condition. (©) 2.50 kVA, 2400/240 V transformer has the following test data: Voltage (v) | Current (A) | Power (W) Short circuit test ee 20.8 600 Open circuit test | 240 5 450 © Calculate the voltage regulation and efficiency when the transformer is supplying full load at 0.8 power factor leading. + Find the output kVA at which the efficiency of the transformer is a maximum. Explain briefly (a) Applications and advantages which make rechargeable Ni-Cd batteries vital (b) Sulfatation in Lead-acid rechargeable batteries and the followed strategy during charging/ discharging. (c) Advantages of Li-ion rechargeable batteries compared to other types. (a) Memory effect in rechargeable batteries, in which type and how to avoid. (oT; sof static UPS, mode of operation and application areas. (use neat sketches) 150 30 ™%~cwRer | 70 | 50] 30 | 7 | so | 30 [10 ((S0)] 30 | 10 EWR. 1 cor} oO 50 50 50 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 10 10 10 0.0} 49 49 | 48 | 30 | 30 | 29 29 10 10 10 Or | 0.2 | 49 48 47 30 29 | 29 28 10 10 9 03 | 49 47 | 46 | 30 | 29 | 28 27 10 10 ? FCR {| 0.4 | 48 46 | 45 | 30 | 29 | 27 26 u 10 9 05 | 48 | 46 | 44 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 25 | 1 | 10 | 9 CCR | 0.6 | 47 45 43 29 28 | 26 25 i 10 9 0.7 | 47 | 44 42 | 29 | 28 | 26 24 i 10 8B Or 0.8 | 47 43 41 29 | 27 | 25 23 W 10 3 0.9 | 46 | 43 40.) 29 27 | 25 22 i 9 & rer | 1.0 | 46 | 42 | 39 | 29 | 27 | 24 | 22 | | 9 j 8 ols oe al peal ‘fesse aa qe 7 ila aa x So ae i|ae ae 2 aca oe |e oats al sel a v= i (22 oe & mace ‘2a 92% Sa ae + (ence adc aber snare tion ij2og24 as gh aye eer piesa s 223% i 2 eis = 2h aa vexrtcorr 1 catecony extecony w | SB ad SEE S| ae 07] Sa = ta] 10] ea} Pye o L MONTHS MONTHS FeO MonTis, B34 a7 30 3T MUniversity of Alexandria First Year Faculty of Engineering a January 2017 Dept. of Electrical Engineering ey Time Allowed :Three Hours Se Introduction to Energy Systems Part II 1- What are the main components of steam power station, and its functions? (10%) 2- What are the factors that effect on the selection of a thermal power station site? (10%) 3- What are the different Solar Thermal Techniques? (10%) 4- Sketch the different PV characteristics. (10%) 5- What are the different techniques of MPPT of PV cells and explain one of these techniques by using its flowchart. (20%) 6- Using Siemens solar module rated at 1 kW/m? and 28°C with the following characteristics (at peak power point): Power = 60W & Voltage = 17.1V & Current = 3.5A Determine the PV-array sizing to supply 600kW maximum power to utility power grid at AC 110V and 0.95 power factor lagging. The following assumptions should be considered: (15%) Transformer efficiency ny = 97% Inverter efficiency nin, = 90% AC wiring efficiency tac = 97% DC wiring efficiency nae = 99% Blocking diode efficiency na = 99.5% Panel circuits mismatching efficiency qm = 98% 7- Compare between the different Modern Windmills turbines. (10%) 8- Explain Wind Energy Connected Power Grid system components. (15%) Best wishes Dr. A. MordiAlexandria University Ay alseyh fas Faculty of Engineering ES i ie Electrical Engineering Department Kay p58) Lecsighl pad January 2016 : cer Course Number &code Poa GL pi eays piylly yal pal Energy Systems Part: 1 sit Year : Frist Elect. ts Ayal pall Adal Time allowed : 3Hours Cyijpl Gleb G98; Glabll Gaj ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS Question 1. (10 Marks) 4)a. Recently, a lot of studies are going on Ocean energy as a renewable source of energy. Explain in brief different types of Ocean Energy conversion. Show the limitation on its use and the main parameters that affect the studies. For the OWEC type prove that the power density is /% w gfa* where wis the specific weight of water, g is gravity factor, a is the amplitude of wave and f is the frequency of wave. b. A coal fired thermal power station supplying electrical power to a residential area of 120km* with a peak load density of 450 kW/km? and a load factor of 50% If the calorific value of coal is 6950kCal/kg. What would be the coal consumption to produce 1kWh, knowing that the total thermal efficiency is 30%? Find also the coal consumption per day. c. Tidal Energy can be a useful source of renewable energy. Explain the statement using neat diagrams. Derive an expression for the average output electric power for a tide with range R, water density p and area A. A tidal power plant of the simple single pool type has an area of 10000 km2 and water density of 1025 kg/m3.The tide range is 10 m and the gravity acceleration is 9.81m/sec2.Determine the average electric power generated in MW if the turbine/generator efficiency is 75%. Question 2. (10 Marks} 2)a. Wind Energy proved to be a successful source of electrical renewabie energy in Egypt on the coast of the Red Sea (Alzafarana & Gabal Alzait Farms). Explain the principle of operation and state the power equations with the main effective parameters. Verify that the mean power produced from the wind turbine is % p A Cy v* where A: area of blade, v: mean wind velocity, C, : coefficient of power and p : is the specific weight of air. b. In a nuclear power plant, estimate the energy of fission of Uranium 235 (U**) nucleus knowing that Avogadro's Number is 6.0225"0” molecules/gm molecular weight and 1 electron volt (eV)=1.602"10" joule and the atomic mass unit (a.m.u) factor is 1.655"10"” Determine the amount of energy produced by burning 2Kg of U”®. Assume thermal efficiency of 70% and that of generators 95%. For how many years this nuclear energy can produce the same amount of energy as in the above problem (1-b). c. A solar satellite power system produce 15 GW on earth from two square shaped photovoltaic arrays, each with 5 km on its side. Assume a packing Prof. Dr.Ahmed Hossam-Eldin ‘ nal pas olan Dr Mostafa Refaey wmfraction of the solar cells of 0.95 and a solar constant of 1353 Wim? . Calculate the overall efficiency of the system. Determine the PV array sizing to supply the above power to the utility at 220V using a module with the following characteristics: Power(at peak power point) = 70W, voltage= 18.5 V and current=3.79 A with overall efficiency of 0.9 Question 3. (10 Marks) 2 3) a. A Hydroelectric power plant has a natural reservoir of area 900Km’ and a mean static head of 60m. The average rainfall per year in this region is 140cm. Assume that 25% of the rainfall is lost by evaporation, etc. and 7% of the head is lost in the gates, valves etc. The turbine efficiency is 80% and that of generator is 90%. The specific gravity of water is 1000Kgim°. Determine the station annual electrical energy and the installed capacity if the load factor is 60%.If the calorific value of coal is 7kWhikg. What would be the coal consumption to produce the same annual energy? b. Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) and Biogas are two promising sources of clean renewable energy and green environment. Explain the statement in detail and show the reflection of these technologies on Alexandria society. c. A central receiver solar thermal power plant used 1200 heliostats that have 50m? of reflecting surface each. The average solar isolation during 10hrs of operation is 740 watt/square meter. The cloudy days are calculated to be about 20 days/annum. The steam plant efficiency is 29%. Determine:- i-The output generated electrical power if the overall efficiency of solar power plant (at peak power output) is 7.88%. ii-The total energy output during operation per year. ii-If the used power from the generated electrical power during 10hrs daily is constant at 2.5MW and the rest is going to the storage system. What will be the stored energy per annum? Prof:DrAhmed Hossam-Eldin : lle ohn Dr Mostafa Refaey a)Alexandria University Sy paisa Rake Faculty of Engineering atigll Als Electrical Engineering Department e Rag sgSit Lessig ht ped January 2016 2016 Ae ‘Course title: Introduction to Energy Systems BCE i ees Year : First year PU AS coll yal alt Time allowed: 3 Hours for both parts Casal cleb COM: lateyl Sue Answer the following 135 questions and record your choice in the ANSWER SHEET by BLACKENING the space for the answer you have chosen. 4- One lux is the same as one a. Lumen/om? b. Lumen/m? cc. Lumen/100 m* d. Lumen/4000 m? 2- The level of illumination on surface least depends on a. Candle power of —b. Distance ofthe. Type ofrefiector —d. Ambient the source source used temperature 3-. The unit of lurninous flux is a. steradian b. candela cc. lumen d. LUX 4- Lumeniwatt is the unit of a. Light flux b. Luminous intensity c. Brightness d. Luminous efficacy 5- Candela is the unit for a. Light flux b. Luminous intensity c. Brightness d. Luminous efficacy 6- Which curve represents life of the lamp? z L 3b eLi } ¥ Te Mm od} t CI Normal Vtige (4 a. curve ‘A’ b. curve ‘BY cc. curve ‘C’ d. curve ‘D’ 7- Illumination level required for precision work is around a. 50 Im/m? b. 100 Im/m? ©. 200 Imim* d. 500 tmim* 8- The illumination level in houses is in the range . a. 10-20 Im/m? b. 30 - 50 Imimn? ©, 40 - 75 Imim? d. 100 - 140 imi? 9- Which gas is sometimes used in filament lamps? a. Argon b. Krypton . Nitrogen d. Carbon dioxide 10- The output of a tungsten filament lamp depends on a. size of lamp b. size of shell c. filament temperature d. all of the above 114-In a mercury vapor lamp light red objects appear black due to a. high wavelength of — b. color mixing ¢. absence of red light J. absorption of red red objects from lamp radiation —_ light by lamp radiation 42-The purpose of providing a choke in a tube light is to a. eliminate corona —_b. avoid radio c. improve power it current to effects interference factor propriate value 43. The rate of evaporation of tungsten filament in 2 lamp depends on a. glass shell b. exhaust tube ©. vapor pressured. none of the above diameter diameter inside 14- In gas filled filament bulbs, the gas used is, a. Oxygen b. Helium c. Nitrogen d. Ozone 45-When a fluorescent lamp is to be operated on de which of the foilowing additional device must be incorporated in the circuit? a. Condenser b. Transformer c, Resistance d. inductanos 18-For the same rating, the amount of radiant heat produced is the least ir: a. Fluorescentlamp —_b. Incandescent lamp. Sodium lamp d. Mercury lamp 47-According to Lambert's law, the illumination on a surface is proportional to a. cos’8 b. cos’8 ©. ticos°® d. ticos’e 48-A lamp has a mean spherical candle power of 25, the total flux of iight from ihe lamp is a. 25 lumens b. 25 7 lumens ¢. 314 lumens d. 625 jumens 49-Filament lamps operate normally at a power factor of a, 0.5 leading b. 0.5 lagging c. unity d. 0.8 lagging 20- The amount of visible power per unit solid angle a. luminous flux b. luminous intensity — c. Iliuminance d. Luminance 21-A quantitative measure for the luminous energy emitted per second by a fi a. luminous flux b. luminous intensity. Iiluminance 4. Luminance 22-A quantitative measure of incident light falling onto a given surface per surface unit area a. luminous flux b. luminous intensity — c. Illuminance d. Luminance 23-A measurable quantity of brightness that the eye perceives from a surface. a. luminous flux b. luminous intensity —c. Illuminance 4. Luminance 24-Lambertian surface is a. Polished specular b. Rough spread c. Matte diffuse 3. None of the above surface surface surface 25- Inverse square law relates illumination level and luminous intensity as foliows: a. B= (Ir)? b. B= Ir? oi=fr2 a f= (Ery? 26-MSCP of a light source is the average value of taken over a spherical surface. a. luminous flux b. luminous intensity _c. liluminance d. Luminance 27-A quantitative measure to the ability of a light source to convert electrica! energy into luminous energy a, Color temperature b. Luminous efficacy ¢. Color rendition 6. Rendering index 228- Light color designation of 942; means a color temperature of ___and CRI of : a. 9400°K, 20% b. 4200°K, 90% ©. 94°K, 20% d. 42°K, 90% 29-A lower color temperature means a warmer color appearance. a. True b. False 30- According to IES standard, all these practical application requires high CRI EXCEPT: a. Textile industry _b. Semi-automatic —_c. Lecture rooms d. Chemical industry production industry 31- The function of the gas mixture in the incandescent lamp glass bulb is to a. Support the b. Keep moisture out — ¢. Control the d. Retard evaporation filament material of the bulb ionization inside of the filament in light generation the lamp material 32- Frequent switching is normally detrimental to lamp life a. True b. False 33-A continual reduction in the lamp output luminous flux with time is a. LLD b, LDD c. LBO d. LLR 34-In tungsten lamp, continuous reduction in luminous flux is mainly caused by a. Evaporation of b. Absorption of light c. Reduction of d. None of the above filament material by deposited filament diameter tungsten 38- In Tungsten-Halogen cycle lamps, filament evaporation is of no influence because a. Theinertgases —_b. evaporated c. Halogen molecules. Light is produced stops the tungsten is re- replace evaporated —_via both tungsten evaporation deposited on tungsten on the filament and perfectly filament by halogen filament, so itkeeps halogen molecules oyole constant diameter 36- Tungsten-Halogen cycle lamp produces a cooler light than standard incandescent lamp. a. True b. False 37-Alll these lamps are classified as high intensity gas discharge lamps EXCEPT a. Metal halide b. High pressure ¢. High pressure d. Fluorescent sodium mercury vapor 38- The function of the phosphorous coating on the inside wall of the fluorescent lamp is to a. absorb the excited _b. emit luminous ©. change the color of d. alll of the above UV radiation and energy when the light from reradiates the ionized by passing _yellow to white absorbed energy an electric current as white colored through. luminous energy. 39- Fluorescence phenomenon is initiated by passing an electric current through a gas, which emits visible light when ionized by the current a. True b. False 40- Match the following elements of the fluorescent lamp circuit to the drawing belowBimetallic strip Radio interference suppressor Power Ballast Filaments Fluorescent tube Starter Power factor correction @NORAYNS a. A-6,B-3,C-4,D-1, b. A-6,B-3,C-4,D-1, c. A-6,B-3,C-7,D-5, d. A-6, B-3, C-7, D-1, E-2, F-5, G-7, H-8 E8-, F-5, G-7, H-2 E-8, F-1, G-4, H-2 E-2, F-5, G-4, H-8 41-An auxiliary device that supplies a starting voltage (voltage kick) to the lamp's electrodes to enhance electron emission. a. Starter b. Ballast c. Filament 4. Suppressor 42. The ionization of argon-neon inside the fluorescent lamp bulb in the source of light a. True b. False 43- The 220 V supply is the stress applied to the fluorescent lamp that strike the arc inside. a. True b. False 44-Preheating the lamp means a. Passing discharge b. Increasing the bulb c, Decrease oflamp _d. Both aandc current in filament temperature to resistance Prior to arc strike support arc strike 48- The power factor of the fluorescent lamp circuit with magnetic ballast is that of electronic ballast. a. Higher than b. Lower than ¢. equal to 46- High pressure mercury vapor lamp consists of electrodes. a2 b.3 o4 d. None of the above 47- Mercury tungsten blended lamp must be supplied with a current limiting device. a. True b. False 48- lamp requires about 15 minutes restarting time for complete re-ignition. a. HP mercury vapor b. Mercury tungsten —_c. Metal halide d. HP Sodium blended 49- lamp is used for indoor high-bay industrial & commercial illuminations that Tequires high color rendition a. HP mercury vapor b. Mercury tungsten _c. Metal halide d. HP Sodium blended 50- lamp is used for sport lighting, a. HP mercury vapor b. Mercury tungsten _c. Metal halide d. HP Sodium blended 51-The highest lamp efficacy is achieved in__lamps. a. Incandescent b. Fluorescent ©. HP sodium d. LP sodium52- The longer life time is achieved in _— lamps. a. HP mercury vapor b. Mercury tungsten —_c. Metal halide d. HP Sodium blended 53- The luminaire shown with this polar curve represents AIL GN ” vy ¢ a. Diffused light b. Indirect light cc, Semi direct light d. Semi diffused light 84- According to the glare effect upon observer, it can be classified into following EXCEPT a. Disability glare b. Discomfort glare c. Blindness glare None of the above 55- The objectives of lighting system design include the following EXCEPT a. Safety b. Performance c. Appearance d. Cost 56- Uniform illumination is achieved in light systems a. General b. Localized c, Local 4. distributed 57- Regular luminaire layout is achieved in light systems a. General b. Localized c. Local d. distributed 58-Coordination with task location is mandatory in light systems a. General b. Localized c. Local d. disiributed 59-In iight systems, luminaires are mounted on the workstation to provide personal control of light. a. General b. Localized c. Local 4. distributed 60-In light systems, energy is wasted illuminating the area to the level needed for the most critical task. a. General b. Localized c. Local d. distributed Questions 61 to 67 refer to data given below. A classroom is to be provided with lighting installation. The system data are: * Dimensions: 6 m (width) x 9 m (length) x 3.6 m (height) Required illumination: 650 Lux Working plane height above floor: 0.8 m Basic Reflectance: CR: 80%, pw: 50% and FR: 10% it QF 40 12 CW) prismatic wrap-around type. Coefficient of utilization: 0.522 Maintenance Factor: 0.75 Lumens per lamp: 3250 Lamp mounting height: 0.8 m LLD for 6 hours start: 0.87 Maximum spacing: 1.4 x mounting height above working space 61 cavity ratios are of the same value a. Ceiling and room b. Room and floor ¢. Ceiling and floor d. No62- The calculation of the coefficient of utilization is based on the floor, wall and ceiling reflectance a. True b. False 63- The tables used to calculate the CU is based on floor cavity reflectance of a 5% b. 10% c. 15% d. None of the above 64-The number of luminaires calculated for such design is a 14 b. 16 ©. 18 4. 20 65-The selected luminaire arrangement is selected in such a way that a. Luminaire axis is b. Luminaire axis is c. Either a or b d. Both a and b by aligned with the aligned with the dividing the area room length room width into independent areas 66-The method used for interior illumination calculations, in which average illumination intensity on the working plane in the room is calculated. a. Zonal cavity method b. Lumen method c. Lux method d. Intensity method 67- The method used for interior illumination calculations, in which coefficient of utilization is calculated a. Zonal cavity method b. Lumen method —_c. Lux method d. Intensity method Questions 68 to 74 refer to data given below: ‘A 100 KVA, 250 V/10 kV, single-phase transformer has a full-load copper loss of 00W and an iron loss of 500 W. The primary winding contains 120 turns. 68- The total full-load losses a. 800W b. 1.3kW ¢. 200W d. 400 W 69- The full-load output power at 0.8 power factor a, 81.3kW b. 80 kW c. 100 KW d. 101.3 kW 70-The full-load input power at 0.8 power factor a, 81.3kW b. 80 kW c. 100 kW d. 101.3kW 74-The full-load efficiency at 0.8 power factor a. 97.32% b, 98.40% c. 98.28% d. 96.38% 72-The half full-load copper loss a. 800W b. 1.3 kW c. 200 W d. 400 W 73- The transformer efficiency at half full-load, 0.8 power factor a. 97.32% b. 98.40% c. 98.28% d. 96.38% 74-The number of secondary winding turns a3 b. 4800 c. 30 d. 480 75-Which of the following statements is false? a. Inan ideal b. Inasingle-phase _c. Atransformer whose d. In transformers, transformer, the transformer, the secondary current is eddy current loss volts per turn are hysteresis loss is greater than primary _is reduced by constant fora given _proportional to current is a step up laminating the primary voltage. frequency transformer core76- Iron losses in a transformer are due to: a. eddy currents only b. flux leakage ©. botheddyand —d._The resistance of hysteresis losses the windings 77-Which of the following is not a basic element of a transformer a. Core b. Primary winding c. Secondary winding. Mutual flux 78-In an ideal transformer a. Windings have nob. Core has no c. Core has infinite d. All of the above resistance losses permeability 79- The main purpose of using core in a transformer is to a. Decrease iron b. Prevent eddy c. Eliminate magnetic d. Obtain a common losses current loss hysteresis magnetic circuit of low reluctance 80- The primary and secondary induced e.m.fs E, and E, in a 2-winding transformer are always a. Equal in b. Antiphase with c. In-phase with each d. Determined by load magnitude each other other on transformer secondary 81-The e.m.f. equation of a transformer of secondary turns Nz, magnetic flux density Bm magnetic area of core A, and operating at frequency fis given by: a. 4A4N,ByAf b.AAANDBmf/A ——C. NzBnf'/A d. 111N2BnAf 82-The primary and secondary windings of an ordinary 2-winding transformer always have a. Different number b. Same size of c. Acommon d. Separate magnetic of turns copper wire magnetic circuit circuits 83-In relation to a transformer, the ratio 20 : 1 indicates that a. There are 20 turns b. Secondary voltage. Primary current isd. For every 20 turns ‘on primary and is 1/20" of the 20 times greater on primary, there is one turn on primary voltage than the secondary one turn on secondary current secondary 84- In performing the short circuit test of a transformer a. High voltage side b. Low voltage side isc. Any side is short. None of the above is usually short usually short circuited with circuited circuited preference 85- The equivalent resistance of the primary of a transformer having a = 5 and R; = 0.1 Q, when referred to the secondary side becomes a. 052 b. 0.020 c. 0,004 2 d. 259 86-A transformer has a negative voltage regulation when its load power factor is a. Zero b. Unity c. Lagging d. Leading 87-The primary reason why open-circuit test is performed on the low voltage winding of the transformer is that it a. Draws sufficiently _b. Requires least c, Needs minimum — d._ Involves less core large on-load voltage to perform power input loss current for the test convenient reading88-A measure of the transformer ability to keep the secondary output voltage constant over the full range of output load currents at the same power a. Efficiency b. Voltage regulation c. Voltage drop d. Voltage stability 89-The phasor diagram below is for a transformer connected to a load of V,/a-* BLE 1X ag “7 ’ I Zo \ s - Ao? 4 4” V, 71sReq a. Leading power b. Lagging power c. Leading power d. Lagging power factor, referred to factor, referred to factor, referred to factor, referred to primary side primary side secondary side secondary side 90-No-load test on a transformer is carried out to determine a. Copper loss b. Magnetizing c. Magnetizing d. Efficiency of the current current and no- transformer load loss 91-The main purpose of performing open-circuit test on a transformer is to measure a. Copper loss b. Core loss c. Total loss d. Insulation resistance 92- During short circuit test, the iron loss of a transformer is negligible because a. The entire input is b. Flux producedisa c. Iron core d. Supply frequency sufficient to meet small fraction of becomes fully is held constant Cu losses only the normal flux saturated 93-The iron loss of a transformer at 400 Hz is 10 W. Assuming that eddy current and hysteresis losses wary as the square of flux density. The iron loss of the transformer at rated voltage but at 50 Hz would be a. 80 b, 640 ©. 1.25 d. 100 94-In operating a 400 Hz transformer at 50 Hz a. Only voltage is b. OnlykVArrating c. Both voltage and kVA d. None of the above reduced in the is reduced in rating are reduced in same proportion as the same the same proportion the frequency proportion as as the frequency the frequency 95-The voltage applied to the high voltage side of a transformer during short circuit test is 2% ofits rated voltage. The core loss will be of the rated core loss. a 4% b. 0.4% ¢. 0.25% d. 0.04% 96- Transformers are rated in kVA instead of KW because a. Load power factor b.KVAis fixed, but _c. Total transformer loss. It has become is often not known kW depends on depends on volt- customary load pf ampere 97- In operating a 400 Hz transformer at 50 Hz, the KVA rating is a. Reduced to 1/8 b, Increased 8 c. Unaffected d. Increased 64 times times98-At relatively light loads, transformer efficiency is low because a. Secondary output is b. Transformer c. Fixed loss is high in d. Cu loss is small low losses are high proportion to the output 99-A 200 KVA transformer has an iron loss of 1 KW and full load cu loss of 2 kW. Its load kVA corresponding to maximum efficiency is a. 100kVA b. 141.4 kVA c. 50 kVA d. 200 kVA 400- If Cu loss of a transformer at 7/8" full load is 4900 W, then its full load Cu loss would be a. 5600 W b. 6400 W . 375W d. 429 W 401- The magnetizing flux in the transformer core is independent of load current a. True b. False 402- The output current corresponding to maximum efficiency for a transformer having core loss of 100 W and equivalent resistance referred to the secondary of 0.25 @ is a. 20A b. 25A c.5A d. 400A 403- The maximum efficiency of a 100 kVA transformer having iron loss of 900 W and full load Cu loss of 1600 W occurs at a. 56.3 kVA b. 133.3 kVA c. 75 KVA d. 177.7 kVA Questions 104 to 106 refer to data given below: ‘A500 kVA transformer has a full load copper loss of 5 KW and an iron loss of 2.5 kW. 404- The efficiency of a transformer is maximum when a. Itrunsat halffull- —_b. It runs at full c. Its Cu loss equals iron d. It runs slightly load load loss overload 405- the output kVA at which the efficiency of the transformer is a maximum a. 707 kVA b, 353.5 kVA ¢. 250 kVA d. 1000 kVA 406- the maximum efficiency, assuming the power factor of the load is 0.75 a, 98.14% b. 97.8% c. 97.5% d, 97.2% 407- The capacity of a battery cell is measured in a. Amperes b. Ampere-hour —_c. Watts , Watt-hours 408- The storage battery generally used in electric power station a. Nickel-Cadmium ——_b. Zinc Carbon c. Lead acid battery d. None of the above battery battery 109- Battery cells are connected in series in order to a. Increase voltage —_b. Increase current _c. Increase the life of d. None of the above rating rating calls 440- Common impurity in battery electrolyte is n a. Sodium chloride b. Iror c. Lead sulfate d. Dust 441- The best indication about the state of charge of a battery is best given by a. Specific gravity of |b. Temperature of |. Color of the electrolyte d. Level of the the electrolyte the electrolyte electrolyte412- One ampere-hour charge is equivalent to a, 36 Coulombs b, 360 Coulombs — ¢. 3600 Coulombs d, 36000 Coulombs 413- The greater the internal resistance of a battery cell a. Thelesserthe emf b. Thelesserthe . Thegreatertheemf —d._ The greater the terminal voltage terminal voltage 444. In ideal case, the charging current (10% of rated An) for 200 Ah battery would be a. 10A b.12A c. 15A d. 20A 445-_In Real case, the Charging current for 200Ah battery would be a. 20-22A b. 16-18A ©. 14-16 A d. 10-12A 446- In ideal case, the Charging Time for 200Ah battery would be a. S hours b. 10 hours c. 15 hours d. 20 hours 447- In Real case, the Charging Time for 200An battery would be a. Shours b. 10 hours c. 11 hours d. 12 hours 148- The capacity of a lead acid cell doesn't depend on its a, Temperature b. Rate of charge c. Rate of discharge d. Quantity of active material 449- During charging the specific gravity of the electrolyte of a lead acid battery a. increases b. Decreases ¢. Remains the same d, Becomes zero 120- The ratio of ampere-hour efficiency to watt-hour efficiency of a lead acid cell is a. Just one b. Always >1 c. Always <1 d. None of the above 421- The effect of sulphation in lead-acid batteries is that internal resistance a. Increases b. Decreases c. Remains thesame — d._ None of the above 422- Lead-acid battery is one of the common types of disposable batteries a. True b. False 423- To avoid accelerating the sulfatation process, batteries a. need to be fully b need to be kept. shouldn't be charged —_d. None of the above charged after every charged at a float above 1.75 V per cell discharge voltage < nominal voltage 124- UPS system consists of a. Rectifier b. Inverter c. Battery bank d. All of the above 125- UPS's are considered as premium power conditioners because a. UPS's provide b. UPS's provide c. UPS's provide awide —_d. UPS's don't provide continuity of power high maintenance voltage regulation noise attenuation supply requirements 426- Which of the following types doesn't belong to static UPS's a. Online b. Offline c. Load- interactive . Standby 127- is used to protect the critical load from all power line disturbances and harmonics a. Online UPS b. Offline UPS c. Load-interactive UPS —_d. Standby UPS 10428- When switching from main power to battery power a standby UPS stops providing power to load for up to 4 msec. This transfer time can be sustained by moder computers without any data loss, a. True b. False 129- The critical loads are always fed through the UPS. a, Online b. Offline c. Load-interactive d. Standby 430- The advantages of fuel cells over traditional combustion power plant are a. Possibility ofheat —_b. Outdoor ¢. Clean emissions d. All of the above recovery installations 431- A low temperature fuel cell with an electrolyte that is not susceptible to leak or crack. a. Alkaline b. Molten c. Proton exchange d, Phosphoric acid Carbonate membrane 432- Fuel cell that was used in Apollo spacecraft to provide both electricity and drinking water a. Solid oxide b. Phosphoric acid ¢. Alkaline d. Proton exchange membrane 433- A high temperature fuel cell used in electrical power stations a. Solid oxide b. Phosphoric —c._Alkaline d. Proton exchange acid membrane 134- A fuel cell whose platinum electrode-catalysts are ‘susceptible to corrosion a. Alkaline b. Molten . Proton exchange d. Phosphoric acid Carbonate membrane 135- Nickel electrode-catalysts are used in instead of platinum, that makes this type inexpensive compared to other fuel cells a. Alkaline b. Molten c. Proton exchange d. Phosphoric acid Carbonate membrane 1Alexandria University Ay passeyl dad, Faculty of Engineering easigh Ayis Electrical Engineering Department ey Fy gSt) Laasigll ad January 2015 Yo 0 ky ‘Course Number &code a ft Gale gy ly aad pal Energy Systems Part: 1 aM p Sot MRLs! Year : Frist PAS Gls: Ageal pall Lina Time allowed : 3Hours (2 parts) Caijall hel Cot: GN Gas PART (1) ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS 1) a- Define different types of efficiencies inctuded in a typical thermal steam power plant. A 100 MW steam station uses coal of calorific value 6400 kcallkg. Thermal efficiency of the station is 30% and electrical efficiency is 92%. Calculate the coal consumpticn per hour when the station is delivering its full rated output. (4 Marks) b- Fossil Fuel power piants impose different environmental impacts. Introduce and discuss these impacts showing their origin, deformation, and effects (3 Marks) ¢- Combined Heat and Power (CHP) power plant is a new technology that aims to improve the overall efficiency of thermal power stations. Aided with neat diagram show the principle of operation of CHP. (3 Marks) a- Pumped-storage hydroelectricity (PSH) is a type of hydroelectric energy storage used by electric power systems for load balancing Aided with neat sketches discuss the basic principle of operation of PSH. (3 Marks) b- In a hydro-electro project the following data are considered: Reservoir area = 5 x 10° m?, Mean head, H = 30 m Annual rainfall, F = 1-25 m; Assume that 20% of the water is lost by evaporation and that the overall efficiency, noveal! = 70 % and the load factor is 40%, i- Whatis the average power in kW that can be generated? ii- What is the maximum value of generated power in kW? lil- What is the rating of the generators installed in the plant? (4 Marks) Calculate the released heat energy (in MW.day) from the fission of one gm of U*® given that the energy released per fission is 200 MeV and Avogadro's number = 6-023 x 10*° per kilomole. What is the power output of a U" reactor if it takes 30 days to use up 2 kg of fuel? (3 Marks) a. Recently, a lot of studies are going on Ocean energy as a renewable source of energy. Expiain in brief different types of Ocean Energy conversion. Show the limitation on its use and the main parameters that affect the studies. For the OWEC type prove that the power Fi tae) Olay Prof. DrAhmed Hossam-Eldin Prof. Dr. Nabil H. Abbasy Dr. M. Tawfkdensity is % wg t a’ where (w) is the specific weight of water, (g) is gravity factor, (a) amplitude of wave and (f) is the frequency of wave (4 Marks) b. Tidal Energy can be a useful source of renewable energy. Explain the statement using neat diagrams. Derive an expression for the average output electric power for a tide with range R, water density p and area A A tidal power plant of the simple single pooi type has an area of 10000 km* and water density of 1025 kglm’.The tide range is 10 m and the gravity acceleration is 9.81m/sec’ Determine the average electric power generated in MW if the turbine/generator efficiency is 75%. (4 Marks) ¢. Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) and Biomass are two promising sources of clean renewable energy and green environment. Explain the statement in detail and show the reflection of these technologies on Alexandria society (2 Marks) 4) a. Wind Energy proved to be a successful source of electrical renewable energy in Egypt on the coast of the Red Sea (Alzafarana Farm). Explain the principle of operation and state the power equations with the main effective parameters. Verify that the mean power produced from the wind turbine is % p A Cp v’ where A: area of blade, v: mean wind velocity, C,: coefficient of power and p : is the specific weight of air. (3 Marks) b. A horizontal shaft wind turbine has a diameter of 120 m and runs at 40 rpm. The wind speed is 15m/s and assuming that the wind turbine (mechanical) efficiency to be 35%. Air density is given to be 1.226kg/m? for this turbine calculate i. The total power density in (w/m*) in the wind stream ii, The total mechanical power produced in kW. (3 Marks) ¢. A central receiver solar thermal power plant used 1200 heliostats that have 50m? of reflecting surface each. The average solar isolation during 10 hrs of operation is 740 Watt/square meter. The cloudy days are calculated to be about 20 days/annum. The steam piant efficiency is 29%. Determine:- i. The output generated eiectrical power if the overall efficiency of the solar power plant (at peak power output) is 7.88% The total energy output during operation per year. If the used power from the generated electrical power during 10hrs daily is constant at 2.5MW and the rest is going to the storage system. What will be the stored energy per annum? (4 Marks) ProfDr.Ahmed Hossam-Eldin Prof. Dr. Nabil H. Abbasy Dr. M. TawftkChoose the MOST APPROPRIATE answer for the following statements. Please write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET ONLY In the designated answer sheet, mark your choice (®, ®, ©, ©, © or © in front of the question number. s. J cLoe gh gil cual ol) bi Lagat cigs gb laa! A Guth ST bid Saal Ui YI SY (g SLO gl ll city i) Layee AGNI UMS yy g SI LOe Gl Cpe ae # Aad Mhyy ge cipal Ly Aes oes Page 1 0f7 1. Anideal transformer has infinite values of a primary inductance b- secondary inductance primary resistance d-__ secondary resistance e-_core permeability _f _none of the above 2. The transformer power ratings are usually expressed in terms of a volts b- amperes kW a _kVA e-_all the above f_none of the above 3. Which of the following does not change in an ordinary transformer ? ~ a Frequency b- Voltage Current _d_aandb e-_bande f_none of the above 4. Atransformer can have zero voltage regulation at ~ a leading power factor b- lagging power factor c unity power factor d-__zero power factor e_aorb f_none of the above 5, The full-load copper los s of a transformer is 1600 W. At half-load, the copper los s will be a — 6400W b- 1600W c 800W d-_400W - _100W f_none of the above 6. The value of flux involved in the emf equation of a transformer is (E=4.44fN@) a average value be rms value maximum value d-_ instantaneous value e-_all the above f_none of the above 7. During short circuit test iron losses are negligible because ” a thecurrenton secondary sideis b- the voltage on secondaryside _c-_ the voltage applied on ble does not vary primary side is low d- _full-load currentis not supplied to e- all the above f none of the above the trans former @. Inan actual transformer the iron los s remains practically constant from no-load to full load because a value of transformation ratio b- core flux remains practically c-_ secondary current remains remains constant constant constant d-_primarycurrent remains constant _e-__all the above f_none of the above “9. Negative voltage regulation is indicative that the load is, a anRCload b- an RL load c Pure inductive d-__ Pure resistive all the above f_none of the above 10. _ During open circuit test of a transformer a b- primary is supplied rated primary is supplied full-toad voltage voltage current d-_ primaryis supplied rated kVA e bande f_none of the above 11. Open circuit test on transformers is conducted to determine a primary copper loss b+ secondary copper loss core loss d-__noload current e-_candd f_none of the above 12, _ Short circuit test on transformers is conducted to determine a hysteresis losses b- copper losses core losses d-__ eddy current losses e-_all the above f_none of the above 13, _ A good voltage regulation of a transformer meansoutput voltage fluctuation from _b- output voltage fluctuation from c- difference between primary no load to full load is minimum no load to full load is maximum and secondary voltage is. minimum difference between primary and —_e-_all the above f- none of the above secondary voltage is maximum 14, Fora trans former, operating at constant load current, maximum efficiency will occur at a 0.8 leading power factor b- 0.8 lagging power factor © zero power factor unity power factor e-_allthe above f none of the above When not negiecting hysteresis, the no load current in a transformer lags behind the applied voltage by an angle of about a 180° b- 120° « 900 d-_ 750 e-_allthe above f-_none of the above ‘QR The following data were obtained in test on 20kVA 2400/240V, 50Hz transformer: 16. Atwhich side the short circuit test is performed * b- secondary side high voltage side a e bande f_none of the above 17. Rig and X,, referred to primary side are: a 3,86, 7.72 b- 0.0386, 0.0772 © 386,772 a _7.72,3.86 e-_3.86,1.86 f_none of the above 18. R. referred to secondary side is a 33882 b- 338.82 c 3.3882 a 3388200 e- 3388.2 f_none of the above 19. the full load efficiency a 97.12% b- 96.20% 98.10% d- 97.34% e- 95.20% _ f_none of the above 20. thehalfloadefficiency — ~ ~ a 97.12% b- 96.20% 98.10% d__ 97.34% e- 95.20% f_none of the above 21, the voltage regulation at full load for 0.8 lagging p.f a 2.80% b 0.03% 28% a 4% e 6% f_none of the above 22, the voltage drop at half load for 0.8 lagging p.f a 0.01% b 3% 2% a 1.40% e 14% f_none of the above 23, the voltage drop at half load for 0.8 leading pf 0.27% be -2.68% 0.27% 2.68% e-_ -0.54% f_none of the above the power factor at which the secondary voltage is 240V 0.447 leading b- 0.477 lagging & upf 0.8 leading e- 0.8 lagging f_none of the above ‘A single-phase power system consists of a 480-V 60-Hz generator that is connected to the load Z,.= 4 +13. 0 through the transmission line with Zine = 0.18 + j0.24 fa 1:10 step up ideal transformer and a 10:1 step down ideal transformer are placed at the generator and the load ends of the transmission line respectively. The shown equivalent circuit is referred to line side Page 2 of 7hy UR asa h Js aoe a ; bs ‘| Be wef pt dsite i ( le si 25, the power factor at which the secondary voltage is 240V a 0.447 leading b- 0.477 lagging upt d-_ 0.8 leading 08 lagging f_none of the above 26. What should be the value of Zina ~ a 344 b- 30440 © — 300+j400 d-__0.34j0.4 e- _0.03+)0.04 f__none of the above 27. What should be the value of Zine a — 0,184j0.24 b- 0.0018+j0.0024 0,0184j0.024 a 1.8424 e-__184)24 f__none of the above 28. What should be the value of Vc ~ a 480 b- 4800 © 48000 d 48 e 48 f__none of the above 29, The line current should be a 959A b- 9.598 ce 959A d-__ 0.959 e- 9.088 f__None of the above 30, The load Voltage will be a 45av b479.7V & 4797V a 4797V e _45.4V f __none of the above 31, The line losses will be a 167W b 16.7W 1434 a 148.4W e _ 14.84W f-__none of the above 32, Ina transformer the energy Is conveyed from primary to secondary a through cooling coil b- through air c by the flux d-__ Primary winding e-_By the source f-_none of the above 33, A transformer core is laminated to a- reduce hysteresis loss b- reduce eddy current losses c reduce primary copper losses d- reduce secondary copper losses__e-_All the above f_none of the above 34, The no-load current drawn by transformer is usually what per cent of the full-load current ? a 2 to5 percent b- 20to 25 percent & 30 to 35 percent d= 40to45 percent & _50to55 percent f_ 60 to 65 percent 35, The path of a magnetic flux in a transformer should have a high resistance b- high reluctance c low resistance d-__ low reluctance e-_aandb f-_None of the above 36. No-load test on a transformer is carried out to determine a copper loss b- magnetizing current Iron loss d-___ the transformer efficiency e Bande f-_None of the above 37. _ The purpose of providing an iron core in a transformer is to a- _ provide support to windings b- reduce hysteresis loss c- reduce copper loss d- reduce core loss e- decrease the reluctance of the f-__ reduce eddy current losses Page 3 of 7