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    12 views10 pages

    Astm A123 A123m-17 1.06

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Saidam

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    “his international standard wae developed fly Designation: A123/A123M - 17 Standard Specification for ‘Development of International Standards, aides and Recommendations sted bythe World Trade Organtzton Technical heres to Trae Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products" This standards isso under the ic designation A12/AT23M; the numb mm following the dination nates the your of enignal adoption onthe ese of revision the Year of lst revision. name n arenes indicts the yer of ast rappel ‘superscript cpio ()indates an etna change since the ls revise or teagpnova This standard hasbeen approved for use by agencies of he US. Depariment of Defense 1. Scope* 1.1 This specification covers the requirements for zine ing (galvanizing) by the hot-dip process on iron and steel products made from rotied pressed and forged shapes, castings, plates, bars, and strips 1.2. This specification covers both unfabricated products and fabricated products, for example, assembled steel products, structural steel fabrications, lange tubes already bent or welded before galvanizing, and wire work fabricated from uncoated steel wire. This specification also covers steel forgings and iron castings incorporated into picces fabricated before galvanizing, Or which are too large to be centrifuged (or otherwise handled, to remove excess galvanizing bath metal). Nar. This specification covers those predets previously addressed in Specifications A123-T8 and A386-78 1.3 This specification does not apply t0 wire, pipe, tube, or steel sheet which is galvanized on specialized or continuous lines, or to steel less than 22 gage (0.0299 in.) [0.76 mm] thick. 1.4 The galvanizing of hardware items that are to be centrifuged or otherwise handled to remove excess zine (such as bolts and similar threaded fasteners, castings and rolled, pressed and forged items) shall be in accordance with Speci fication A1S3/A153M. 1.5 Fabricated reinforcing steel bar assemblies are covered by the present specification. The batch galvanizing of separate reinforcing steel bars shall be in accordance with Specification AT6TIAT67M and the continuous galvanizing of reinforcing bars shall be in accordance with Specification A 1094/4 1094M. 1.6 This specification is applicable to orders in either inch-pound units (as A123) or SI units (as A123M). Inch- pound units and ST units are not necessarily exact equivalents the text of this specification and where appropriate, SI units are shown in parentheses. Each system shall be used "This specication is under the jursiton of ASTM Commitee A0S on Metall Coot lew and. Sie! Prats amd i the direct rexpowsility af Suhcommitee A0S13 gn Structural Shapes and Hardnare Spies ‘Gane eition apponsd Sep. 1, 2017. Published September 2017, Originally approved in 1928, lan previous eon approved in 2015 a8 AI2VATISM = 15 DOK 1015200123. AOI23M17, independently of the other without combining values in any way. In the case of orders in SI units, all testing and inspection shall be done using the metric equivalent of the test or inspection method as appropriate. In the case of orders in SI units, such shall be stated (0 the galvanizer when the onder is placed. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of international Standards, Guides and Recom- ‘mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committe. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:* ‘ASTIAATM Specification for Ferritic Malleable Iron Cast- ASGIAOOM Test Method! for Weight [Mass] of Coating on Iron and Steel Articles with Zine or Zine-Alloy Coatings A143/8143M Practice for Safeguarding Against Embritle- ‘ment of Hot-Dip Galvanized Structural Steel Proxies and Procedure for Detecting Embrittlement A1094/A1094M Specification for Continuous Hot-Dip Gal- vanized Stee! Bars for Concrete Reinforcement AIS3/A153M Specification for Zine Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware A3B4/A384M Practice for Safeguarding Against Warpage and Distortion During Hot-bip Galvanizing of Stee! Assemblies A385 Practice for Providing High-Quality Zine Coatings (Hot Dip) AT6TIAT6™M Specification for Zine-Coated (Galvanized) Stee! Bars for Concrete Reinforcement A780 Practice for Repair of Damaged and Uncoated Areas of Hot-Dip Galvanized Coatings A902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Stee! Prod- ucls 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, wuwemimons, of contact ASTM Customer Service at rice Gast crs. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume inermaton, refer othe sands Dace Summary page on the ASTM woh 4 Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard fly a123/a123M - 17 B6 Specification for Zine BA87 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of Cross Section B602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and B960 Specification for Prime Western Grade-Recycled (PWG-R) Zine 6386 Practice for Preparation of Zinc (Hot-Dip Galva- nized) Coated Iron and Steel Product and Hardware Surfaces for Painting 7803 Practice for Preparation of Zine (Hot-Dip Galva- nized) Coated tron and Steel Product and Hardware Surfaces for Powder Coating E376 Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Test- ing Methods 3. Terminology (See Fig. 1) 3.1 Definitions: 3.L.1 The following terms and definitions are specific to this specilication. Terminology A902 contains other terms and definitions relating to metalic-coated stee! products. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.2.1 average coating thickness, n—the average of three specimen coating thicknesses. 3.2.2 black, adj—denotes the condition of not galvanized or otherwise coated. For purposes of this specification the word, “black” does not refer to the color or condition of surface, or to a surface deposit or contamination, 3.23 coating thickness grade, n—the numerical value from Table 1 at the intersection of @ material category and a thickness range. 3.24 gross dross inclusions, n—the iron/zine intermetallics present in a galvanized coating in a form other than finely dispersed pimples. 4.1 Discassion—These inclusions would create an ex- posed steel spot if they were removed from the coating. These inclusions are raised surfaces and are easily knocked off through contact with lifting straps or chains, tools, fixtures, oF other galvanized parts ‘material category, n—the general class or type of material or process of manufacture, of both, that nominally describes a unit of product, or from which a unit of product is, ‘made. For example, bar grating belongs to the category “strip,” handrail belongs to the category “pipe,” etc. 3.2.6 multi-specimen article, n—a unit of product, whose surface area is greater than 160 in? [100000 mm]. For thickness testing purposes, articles whose surface area is rater than 160 in.” are subdivided into three continuous local sections, nominally equal in surface area, each of which constitutes a specimen. In the case of any such local section containing more than one material category or steel thickness range as delineated in Table 1, that section will contain more than one specimen (see Fig. 1). 3.2.7 sample, n—a collection of individual units of product from a single lot selected in accordance with Section 7, and intended to represent that lot for acceptance. If a sample is taken as representing the lot for acceptance, the sample shal be taken at random from the lot without regard to the perceived quality or appearance of any individual unit in the lot being sampled. The sample consists of one or more test articles. 3.28 single-specimen article, n—a unit of product whose surface area is equal to or less than 160 in. [100 000 mm] or that is centrifuged or otherwise similarly handled in the galvanizing process to remove excess galvanizing bath metal (free zine). For thickness testing purposes, the entire surface area of each unit of product constitutes a specimen. In the case of any such article containing more than one material category or steel thickness range as delineated in Table 1, that article will contain more than one specimen (see Fig. 1). 3.29 specimen, n—the surface of an individual test article of a portion of a test article, upon which thickness measure ments are fo be performed, which is a member of a lot, or a member of a sample representing that lot, For magnetic thickness measurements, specimen excludes any area of the surface which is subject to processes (Such as flame cutting, ‘machining, threading, etc.) that can be expected to rest surface conditions not representative of the general surface condition of the test article, or is disqualified by the measure ment method. The minimum average coating thickness grave for any specimen shall be one coating grade below that required for the appropriate material category and thickness in ‘Table 1. For a unit of product whose surface area is equal to or less than 160 in [100.000 mm), the entire surface area of each test article constitutes a specimen. In the case of an article containing more than one material category or steel thickness range as delineated in Table 1, that article will contain more than one specimen, as appropriate (sce Fig. 1) 3.2.10 specimen coating thickness, n—the average thickness from no less than five test measurements on a specimen, when each measurement location is selected to provide the widest TABLE 1 Minimum Average Coating Thickness Grade by Material Category TA Speomens Tested ‘Stool Ticknass Range (Measured) in| Matera Catogory we Vato 1 ie ato samp sSecanee 4 ‘Specimen Each Specimen (5 or more measurements widely dispersed) must have Minimum Average Coating Thickness of (Table 1) -1 grade Each Test Article in the Sample (3 Specimens each) must have Minimum Average Coating Thickness of (Table 1) Single-specimen Articles Atiles whose Surface Area is equal to or less than 160 sq. in. (100,000 sq, mm) 3 Test Articles 3 Specimens Each Specimen (5 or more measurements widely dispersed) must hhave Minimum Average Coating Thickness of (Table 1) -1 grade All Test Articles (Specimens) Together must have Minimum ‘Average Coating Thickness of (Table 1) FIG. 1 Single- and Multi-Specimen Articles dispersion (in all applicable directions) of locations for the steel category of the test article within the confines of the specimen volume. 3.2.11 test article, n—an individual unit of product that is a ‘member of the sample and that is examined for conformance 10 a part of this specification, 4. Ordering Information 4.1 Orders for coatings provided under this specification shall include the following: 4.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces to be galvanized) and total weight. 4.1.2 Description (type and size of products) and weight. 4.1.3 ASTM specification designation and year of issue. 4.1.4 Material identification (see 5.1) and surface condition or contamination, 4.1.5 Sampling plan, if different from 7.3. 4.1.6 Special test requirements (see 8.1), 4.1.7 Special requirements (special stacking, heavier coat- ing weight, etc.). fly a123/a123M - 17 4.1.8 Tagging or piece identification method. 5. Materials and Manufacture 5.1 Sieel or lron—The specification, grade, or designation and type and degree of surface contamination of the iron or steel in articles to be galvanized shall be supplied by the purchaser to the hot-dip galvanizer prior to galvanizing. [Norw 2—The presence in secs and weld metal, n certain percentages, of some elements sich as silicon, carbon, and phosphorus tends (0 fccelerate the growth ofthe zine-irom alloy layer so thatthe coating may have a matte finish with Kiule or wo outer zine layer. The galvanizer has only limited contol ever tis condition. The mass, shape, and amount of cold. working of the product being galvanized’ may also affect this Condition, Practice ASS provides. guidance on steel selection and aiscusses the effets of various elements in steel compositions. Cor txample, silicon), that influence coating weight and appearance 5.2 Fabrication—The design and fabrication of the product, to be galvanized are the responsibilities of the designer and the fabricator. Practices A143/A143M, A384/A384M, and A385 provide guidance for steel fabrication for optimum tot dip galvanizing and shall be complied with in both design and fabrication. Consultation between the designer, fabricator, and galvanizer at appropriate stages in the design and fabrication process will reduce future problems, 5.3 Castings—The composition and heat treatment of iron ‘and Steel castings shall conform to specifications designated by the purchaser. Some types of castings have been known to show potential problems with predisposition to being em- brittled during the normal thermal cycle of hot-dip galvanizing. It is the responsibility of the purchaser to heat treat or otherwise allow forthe possibility of such embritling phenom- ena. The requirements for malleable iron castings to be galvanized shall be as stated in Specification A47/A47M. 54 Zinc—The zine used in the galvanizing bath shall conform to Specification B6, or Specification B960, or both. If rine alloy is used as the primary feed to the galvanizing bath, then the base material used to make that alloy shall conform to Specitication B6, of Specification B960, or both, 5 Bath Composition—The molten metal in the working volume of the galvanizing bath shall contain not less than an average value of 98.0.% zinc by weight. Nore 3—The galvanizer may choose to add trice amounts of cet elements (for example, aluminum, nickel, and tn) to the zine bath to help in the processing of certain reactive sisels or to enhance the cosmetic appearince of the finished product. The use of these trace elements is pormiited provided thatthe bulk chemistry ofthe galvanizing bath is al least 98.0 4% zinc by wcigh. The elements can be added to the galvanizing th as part of a pre-alloyed ine feed, oF they can be aed tothe bath by the galvanizer using a master feed alloy. 6. Coating Properties 6.1 Coating Thickness—The average thickness of coating for all specimens tested shall conform to the requirements of ‘Table I for the categories and thicknesses of the material being galvanized. Minimum average thickness of coating for any individual specimen is one coating grade less than that required in Table 1. Where products consisting of various. material thicknesses or categories are galvanized, the coating thickness grades for each thickness range and material category of material shall be as shown in Table I. In the ease of orders in SI units, the values in Table 1, shall be applicable as metric units in micrometres. Inthe case of orders in ineh-pound units, the measured value shall be converted to coating grace units by the use of Table 2. The specification of coating thicknesses heavier than those required by Table 1 shall be subject 10 mutual agreement between the galvanizer and the purchaser (Fig. 2 is a graphic representation of the sampling and specimen delineation steps, and Fig. 3 is a graphic representa- tion of the coating thickness inspection steps.) 6.1.1 For articles whose surface area is greater than 160 in? [100.000 mm?] (multi-specimen articles), each test article in the sample mus! meet the appropriate minimum average coating thickness grade requirements of Table 1, and each specimen coating thickness grade comprising. that overall average for each test article shall average not less than one coating grade below that required in Table 1 6.1.2 Foranicles whose surface area is equal to o less than 160 in [100 000 mm*| Gingle-specimen articles), the average of all test articles in the sample must meet the appropriate minimum average coating thickness grade requirements. of “Table I, and foreach test article, is specimen coating thickness shall be not less than one coating grade below that required in Table 1. 6.13 No individual measurement, or cluster of measure- ments atthe same general location, on atest specimen shall be cause for rejection under the coating thickness requirements of this specification provided that when those measurements are averaged with the other dispersed measurements to determine the specimen coating thickness grade for that specimen, the requirements of 6.1.1 of 6.1.2, a8 appropriate are met. Nor: 4—The costing thickness grades in Table represent the inimum value obtainable with high Tevel of confidence forthe ranges ly ound in each material category, While most coating thicknesses in excess of those values, some materials i each category may be Tess reactive (for example, because of chemistry or surface condition) than ‘other materials of the steel category spectrum, Therefore, some articles may have a coating grade al or elose 6 the minimum requirement shown in Table I. In such cases, the precision and accuracy of the coating thickness measuring technique should be taken into consideration when rejecting sich atiles for coating thickness below that required by this, fication. Purchasers desiring a guarantee of heavier coatings than the ‘minimum thicknesses shown herein should use the special requirements (Gee 4.1.6) to specify coting thickness grades higher than those shown i ‘Table I. In addition, the purchaser should anticipate the nced for test batches or extra preparation steps, oF both, sich as blisting. before TABLE 2 Coating Thickness Grade* Casing mis ote Grade ca gine 35 ry v7 = 2 5 18 19 6 0 0 20 12 0 255 0 24 14 © 425 6 26 15 & 60 7% 20 7 % so 0 31 19 % 565 85 33 20 8 00 ‘rsromees (pm) are based on te Coating Grace. The other values. are based on corwersione using the folowing formulas: il = pm 003897; coM = pm x 0.02516; gin = pm x 7.067, fly a123/a123M - 17 Specimen Specimen [Nome Each specimen comprises nominally one thitd of the total surface ‘a8 widely dispersed within that volume as is pretical, so sto represen as rch as possible, the general coating thickness the volume ofeach specime ‘within that specimen vom: Specimen ofthe article. A minimum of five measurements shoul be made within FIG. 2 Articles Made of Many Components Select Test Articles Articles Presented ‘According to Sampling }~———] aS, for Inspection (The Sample) (The Lot) Test aatces Fit Inspect each Material Single Material Category Separately Category ‘One Specimen per Test article y Subdivide Each Test “Test Each Specimen ‘Article into Three | ———m] _for Compliance with Specimen Section 6.1 at Falls for Thickness ot Passes for Thickness FIG. 3 Coating Thickness Inspection Steps galvanizing or other methods, (0 attempt to reach the highsr requirements with consistency. Some highsrthan-standard thicknesses may he imprac= {ial or unatainable 6.2 Finish—The coating shall be continuous (except as. provided below), and as reasonably smooth. and uniform in thickness as the weight, size, shape of the item, and necessary handling of the item during the dipping and draining operations at the galvanizing kettle will permit. Except for local excess coating thickness which would interfere with the use of the product, or make it dangerous to handle (edge tears or spikes), rejection for nonuniform coating shall be made only for plainly Visible excess coating not related to design factors such as holes, joints, or special drainage problems (see Note 6). Since surface smoothness is a relative term, minor roughness that does not interfere with the intended use of the product such as particulates of dross (FefZn solid particles) in the coating that appear like pimples, or roughness that is related to the as-received (un-galvanized) surface condition, stel chemistry, or steel reactivity to zinc shall not be grounds for rejection (see Note 7). Zinc skimmings (zinc oxide and zine chloride par- ticulates from the top surface of the zine bath) may cling to the coating surface after the part is removed from the zine bath. ‘These zinc skimmings are not cause for rejection asthe coating, beneath these skimmings is intact and will provide the antici- pated corrosion protection. Some zine skimmings can be brushed off the surface or will be washed off in the rain or condensation that gathers on the part as it weathers in the atmosphere. Other zinc skimmings may need to be ground off the surface of the coating by the galvanizer without removing, inc to the point that the coating no longer meets the minimum, thickness requirement. Surface roughness of articles to be Painted or powder coated and the smoothing of the galvanized coating before painting or powder coating shall be mutually determined by the galvanizer and the purchaser. Further preparation of galvanized coatings for painting or powder coating including cleaning, profiling, and outgassing shall be in accordance with Practice D6386 for painting and Practice 17803 for powder coating and are the responsibility of the paint or powder coating applicator. Surface conditions related to deficiencies related to design, detailing, or fabrication as, addressed by Practice A385 shall not be grounds for rejection. ‘The rine coating on threaded components of articles. galva- nized under this specification shall conform to that required in Specification AIS3/A153M. Surfaces that remain uncoated fly a123/a123M - 17 after galvanizing shall be renovated in accordance with the ‘methods in Practice A780 unless directed by the purchaser 10 leave the uncoated areas untreated for subsequent renovation by the purchaser. 6.2.1 Each uncoated area subject to renovation by one of the ‘methods in A780 shall be limited in size. The length and width of the uncoated area shall be allowed to exceed 1 in, (25 mm] in only one of the two dimensions. The figure below depicts the allowable size of uncoated area that can be renovated. 6.2.2 The total of the uncoated areas subject to renovation by one of the methods in A780 on each steel article shall not exceed half of 1% of the accessible surface area to be hot-dip galvanized on that steel article, The total of the uncoated areas. Subject to renovation by one of the methods of A780 shall also rhot exceed 36 in.* per short ton [256 em? per metric ton] of piece weight. The size of the uncoated area subject to renova tion shall only be applicable at the galvanizing facility. Once the parts have left the galvanizing facility there shall be no limit on the size of the area subject to renovation. [Norns SInaccessible surface areas are those which cannot be reached for appropriate surlace preparation and application of repair materials a& described in Practice A780, Such inaccessible areas, for cxample, would be the intemal surfaces of erin tanks, poles, pipes, tubes, and so Forth 6.2.3 The minimum thickness of renovation in the uncoated, areas for repairs using zine metallizing or zinc solder shall be the class required by the thickness grade for the appropriate steel material category in Table | in accordance with the requirements of 6.1. The minimum thickness of the renovation in the uncoated areas using paints containing zinc dust shall be 3.0 mils [75 microns] and the maximum thickness of the renovation using paints containing zinc dust shall be 4.0 mils [100 microns}. 6.2.4 When uncoated areas requiring renovation exceed the criteria provided in subsection 6.2.1 or 6.2.2, the part shall be rejected and may be stripped of coating and recoated, then re-inspected for uncoated areas. When uncoated areas req) ing renovation are inaccessible for repair, the part shall be rejected and may be stripped of coating and recoated then re-inspected for uncoated areas. Nom 6—The requirements for the finish of galvanized product audess themselves to a visual type of inspection. They do not address the ‘matter of measted coating thickness variations that ean be encountered bcause of diferent stecls or different thicknesses of given steel being, used in an assembly ‘Nore 7--llems which are prepared for galvanizing by abrasive cleaning. Bare Spot, 34" width 18" length | generally develop a thicker coating with a moderately rougher seas. 6.3. Threaded Components in Assemblies—The zine coating, fon external threads shall not be suibjected to a cutting, rolling, or finishing tool operation, unless specifically authorized by the purchaser. Internal threads are not prohibited from being tapped or retapped after galvanizing. Coatings shall conform to the requirements of Specification A153/A 153M. 64 Appearance—Upon shipment from the galvanizing, facility, galvanized articles shall be free from uncoated areas, blisters, flux deposits, and gross dross inclusions. Lumps, projections, globules, or heavy deposits of zine which will interfere with the intended use of the material will not be permitted. Surface roughness of articles t0 be painted or powder coated and the smoothing of the galvanized coating before painting or powder coating shall be mutually deter- ‘mined by the galvanizer and the purchaser. Further preparation of galvanized coatings for painting or powder coating includ ing cleaning, profiling, and outgassing shall be in accordance with Practice D6386 for painting and Practice D7803 for powder coating and are the responsibility of the paint or powder coating applicator. Plain holes of ¥-in. [12.5-mm] diameter or more shall be clean and reasonably free from, excess zinc. Marks in the zine coating caused by tongs or other items used in handling the article during the galvanizing operation shall not be cause for rejection unless such marks have exposed the base metal and the bare metal areas exceed allowable maximums from 6.2.1 and 6.2.2. The pieces shall be handled so that after galvanizing they will not freeze together ‘on cooling. Nave. 8—Depemting upon product design or materi thickness both, ftming or exces rine Bld m plain holes oF fess than in, 12.50 diameter may occur tht reir additional work to maketh holes wsable fs intended. 65 Adherence—The zine coating shall withstand handling consistent with the nature and thickness of the coating and the ‘normal use of the article, without peeling or flaking Nort 9—Although some material may be formed after galvanizing. in {general the zinc coating on the articles covered by this

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