4 Algebra and number Some algebra questions will involve using number skills. GREE 5 ofan 2 Show that 8a= 9. Solution 2s 75% of b Ts a= Be 253i a= 0 bien3::2 oe ce hed, b= 3 @ Substitute ® in © 33 = 3x3 herd 8a TSW vice an expression for x increased by 13%. Solution - 13 increased by 13% = x + 7x 13x ETE Work out p + 2g :44, giving your answer in its simplest form. Solution Thinking in terms of parts: is 4 parts, q is 5 parts pt2givd+2x 4q is 20 parts p+2g:4q= 14:20 = 14 parts 10oe een jbaiag M4, jhes =7:10 eam © Write expressions for the following, giving your answers in their simplest form. G1 30% of til: y% oF 450. lil c% of d ® 60% of p= 40% of g ‘Work out p as a percentage of ® Write expressions for the following, giving your answers in their simplest form. {1 aincreased by 20% li) bincreased by 5% (il decreased by 35% ts) m decreased by 2% ® arincreased by 80% is equal to b increased by 50%. ‘Show that = 1.2 © © Pincreased by 25% is equal to q decreased by 25%, Work out p as a percentage of¢ @o: ° Work out: y: giving your answer in its simplest form. © O a:b=5:2 Write a in terms of li Work out 22+ b: Ui) Work out 74 56: 4a, giving your answer in its simplest form. © © 1 n=3:8 and ris 20% of n Work out mr © © 4s 20% greater than x. sw is 20% less than y. ‘Work out the ratio w : x im its simplest form. © © Pris m% greater than 4, (pis m% less than r. Band y:2= , giving your answer in its simplest form. ‘Work out the ratio r : qin terms of m. © O Tie aatio of boys to girls in a room is 3: 7 16 boys enter and 6 girls leave. The ratio is now 4 : 5 How many boys and how many girls are now in the room?5 Expanding brackets An expression of the form ax” + bx + ¢ (where the coefficient of x is non-zero) is a quadratic in x. Why is (+3)2«-3) For example, a quadratic a Discussion point expression? @ (a quadratic expression in @), 2y? ~3y +5 (a quadratic expression in). REESE pand + 52-9), Solution (x45)(2x—3) = x@x—3)+5¢2x—3) = 2x? — 3x + 10x15 = 2x +7x-15 ‘This method has multiplied everything in the second bracket by each term in the first bracket. An alternative way of setting this out is used in the next ‘example. MSE expan 5° Solution (ax-5)? = (3x-5)(3x-5) 3x-5 x3x—5 = 15x +25 <4 ox? = 15x 9x* — 30x + 25 2BE icity 4 2 by 9). Solution (et 2e= 4) =x43) Bee eee alee = +3) aoxt + 3x + Qe! - 2x? + 6x — 4x? + de — 12 = x) — x" + 5x" — 6x7 + 10x - 12 Solution (0-2) = (a= 2(a- 2) First, work out (a ~ 2)? (a-2a-2) = aa~2)-2a-2) = f= 20-2044 = @-4at4 ‘Then multiply this by (a ~ 2) (a- 2) = (a—2)(a - 40+ 4) a(a! = 4a+4)—2(a? — 4a +4) — 4a’ + 4a - 20° + 8-8 6a? + 120-8 STD ob pant te fttowing expressions Hh &+S)e+4) Wil (w+ 3041) lil (@+5)@a— 1) I @p+3)Gp-2) +3) Wil Qx+3)(2x-3) (wit (2= 3mm = 4) wil (6+ 592-0) bd @= 3a td (m3)? ® 1) Mabkiply (e-22 +x -2) by (+1) (i) Multiply (x — 2x* + 3) by (3? + 2x ~ 1) iil Multiply (@x° - 3x +5) by (2 - 2x+ 1) li) Multiply (0° + x4 + a8 +22 ++ 1) by (Expand (x + 2)(— (+3) (a) Expand Qx + 1)(e—2)(c+4) (vil Expand and simplify (x + 1)° (vii) Expand and simplify (p— 5)? (Expand and simplify (20+ 3)° 6] Simplify x? - 1) +2) - 400+ 2? (ail Simplify (< - 1)(¢+ 1) ~ G+ (e— 1)