Low Fluid Intake

Urine Supersaturated with Stone Constituents

Randall’s Plaque Form In Renal Papilla Forming Urinary Crystallization

Urinary crystal Dislodges From Randall’s Plaque And Enters Renal Pelvis/ Proximal Ureter

Stone Wedges In Uretero-Pelvic Junction --- Irritation Of The Trigone That Might Trigger The Urination ---
Increase Urinary Frequency

Dysuria

Urgency

Mechanical Irritation and Trauma To Urinary Tract Epithelium – Hematuria

Ureteral Distension And Spasm Renal Colic, Nausea And Vomiting – Severe Colicky Pain From
Loin To Groin.

Passage Of Urine Obstructrd --- Decrease Urine Output --- Acute Kidney Injury

Distention Of Urinary Tract Proximal To Stone – Increase Tension On Renal Capsule And Urinary
Tract Wall – Pain Receptors In Renal Capsule Activated --- Costo-Vertebral Angle Tenderness