________________________________________________________ ANATOMY

1.17 NEUROVASCULAR STRUCTURES OF THE HEAD AND

NECK together with hypoglossal nerve →goes underneath the
Dr. Laygo tongue at area of frenulum
1st term Prelims Facial artery
 LARYNGEAL BL  near lingual artery, passes through submandibular
Arterial Supply gland, goes upward to mandible (+ pulsations felt)
Common carotid arteries: L and R  inferior labial A & superior labial A – terminates to
 R- from brachiocephalic trunk and branch to CCA and R nasal branches → goes upward to anastomose with
subclavian artery ophthalmic A (from ICA, connection between ECA and
ICA)
 L- from aortic arch
Superficial temporal
External carotid arteries  located anterior to the ear, divides into temporal and
 2 external carotid arteries: frontal branches
a. superficial Internal maxillary Artery
Internal carotid arteries → Circle of Willis  largest branch of ECA, palatine branch, MIDDLE
**Carotid line- structural landmark; starts from sternoclavicular MENINGEAL ARTERY, alveolar branch
joint going upward to mastoid process; where carotid arteries >temporal fracture → middle meningeal artery →
epidural hematoma
are located
>tonsils- supplied by maxillary and facial artery
**Carotid sheath-contents: Common carotid artery, internal Ascending pharyngeal Artery
jugular vein, vagus nerve  long and slender going upward and supplies wall of
**Carotid body- stimulated when there is ↓oxygen/ ↑CO2 in blood pharynx
→ ↑respiration  located between ECA and ICA
Posterior auricular artery
 goes upward behind ears
EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY and BRANCHES
Occipital artery
 bigger than posterior auricular A → goes towards
posterior part of neck → supplies occipital portion of
skull
 penetrates through posterior cervical muscles, goes
upward with greater occipital nerve

VENOUS SUPPLY

*Internal Jugular vein

 Tributaries :inferior petrosal sinus, facial V,
pharyngeal V, lingual V, superior thyroid V, middle
thyroid vein

*External Jugular vein

 Is formed by the union of the posterior auricular
vein and the posterior branch of the
retromandibular vein.

LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE

External carotid artery

a. anterior branches: superior thyroid A, lingual A, facial A
b. posterior: occipital A, posterior auricular
c. medial: ascending pharyngeal branch
d. terminal branches: internal maxillary A, superficial
temporal A

Superior thyroid Artery

 gives off branches to SCM
 superior laryngeal branch- supplies
thyroid gland
Lingual Artery
 landmark : tip of greater horn of hyoid bone → goes
upward towards hyoglossus muscle → goes upward

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________________________________________________________ ANATOMY

NERVE SUPPLY

 sensory/ superficial nerve

 supratrochlear nerve
 supraorbital nerve
 zygomaticotemporal nerve
 auricotemporal nerve
 lesser occipital nerve
 greater occipital nerve

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