Noun and adjective

1. proper noun

 You always write a proper noun with a capital letter, since the noun represents the name of a
specific person, place, or thing. The names of days of the week, months, historical documents,
institutions, organizations, religions, the holy texts. A proper noun is the opposite of a common
noun

 In each of the following sentences, the proper nouns are :

-Many people dread Monday mornings.

-Abraham appears in the Talmud and in the Koran.

2. common noun

 A common noun is a noun referring to a person, place, or thing in a general sense usually, you
should write it with a capital letter only when it begins a sentence.

-In each of the following sentences, the common nouns are:

 According to the sign, the nearest town is 60 miles away.

 All the gardens in the neighborhood were invaded by beetles this Summer.

3. concrete noun

 A concrete noun is a noun which names anything (or anyone) that you can perceive through
your physical senses: touch, sight, taste, hearing, or smell. A concrete noun is the opposite of a
abstract noun.

-The highlighted words in the following sentences are all concrete nouns:

 The judge handed the files to the clerk.

 Whenever they take the dog to the beach, it spends hours chasing waves.
4. abstract noun

 An abstract noun is a noun which names anything which you can not perceive through your five
physical senses. The highlighted words in the following sentences are all abstract nouns:

 Buying the fire extinguisher was an afterthought.

 Tillie is amused by people who are nostalgic about childhood.

 Justice often seems to slip out of our grasp.

5. countable noun

 A countable noun (or count noun) is a noun with both a singular and a plural form, and it names
anything (or anyone) that you can count. Countable nouns are the opposite of non-countable
nouns and collective nouns.

-In each of the following sentences, the highlighted words are countable nouns:

 We painted the table red and the chairs blue.

 Since he inherited his aunt's library, Jerome spends every weekend indexing his books.

6. non countable noun

 A non-countable noun (or mass noun) is a noun which does not have a plural form, and which
refers to something that you could (or would) not usually count.

-The highlighted words in the following sentences are non-countable nouns:

 Joseph Priestly discovered oxygen.

 The word "oxygen" cannot normally be made plural.

 Oxygen is essential to human life.

7. collective noun

 A collective noun is a noun naming a group of things, animals, or persons. You could count the
individual members of the group, but you usually think of the group as a whole is generally as
one unit. Example: a class of students,an army of soldiers, a zoo of wild animals.
ADJECTIVE

 An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying words. An

adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun which it modifies.

 In the following examples, the highlighted words are adjectives:

 The truck-shaped balloon floated over the treetops.

 Mrs. Morrison papered her kitchen walls with hideous wall paper.

 The coal mines are dark and dank.

a. Possesive adjective

 A possessive adjective ("my," "your," "his," "her," "its," "our," "their") is similar or identical to a
possessive pronoun; however, it is used as an adjective and modifies a noun or a noun phrase,
as in the following sentences:

 I can't complete my assignment because I don't have the textbook.

b. demonstrative adjective

 The demonstrative adjectives "this," "these," "that," "those," and "what" are identical to the
demonstrative pronouns, but are used as adjectives to modify nouns or noun phrases, as in the
following sentences:

 When the librarian tripped over that cord, she dropped a pile of books.

 In this sentence, the demonstrative adjective "that" modifies the noun "cord" and the noun
phrase "that cord" is the object of the preposition "over."

 This apartment needs to be fumigated.

c. indefinite adjective

 An indefinite adjective is similar to an indefinite pronoun, except that it modifies a noun,

pronoun, or noun phrase, as in the following sentences:

 Many people believe that corporations are under-taxed.

 The indefinite adjective "many" modifies the noun "people" and the noun phrase "many people"
is the subject of the sentence.

 I will send you any mail that arrives after you have moved to Sudbury.

1.Limiting adjective

 Also called ARTICLES

 A, AN, THE

 The book

 A book

 An orange

 Numerals are also limiting adjectives

 One book

 Third prize

 Seventh place

2. Pronominal adjective

 Pronouns that modify a noun

 Which, what, whatever, whatsoever, whichever, this

 This reason

 Which book
  Whatever reason

 What mistake

3. possessive adjective

 Pronouns used as adjectives to show ownership

 My, Your, His, Her, Its, Our, Their

 Her bracelet

 Their team

 His hat

4. proper adjective

 Derived from Proper Nouns

 Japanese students

 American history

 Korean film

 French lessons

 Mexican food

 Ritz crackers

5. predicate adjective

 Not a modifier of a noun

 Always a complement

 Tom was successful.

 Successful is a complement of the subject

 Successful Tom
  Successful is the predicate adjective

DEGRESS ADJECTIVE

1. Positive

 Expresses no comparison

 Only about one noun.

 The room was large.

 The box is brown.

 The room was long.

 The bear was fuzzy.

2. comparative

 Compares two persons or things.

 Tom is happier after lunch.

 He is the taller of the two boys.

 Some oranges are more delicious during the winter months.

 I was less excited about the barbeque than Jenny.

3. superlative

 When more than two persons or things are compared.

 This is the warmest room in the house.

 Gloria is the most beautiful girl in the world.

SUMMARY

 POSITIVE = Good, Bad, Less, Many

 COMPARATIVE = Better, Worse, Lesser, More

 SUPERLATIVE = Best, Worst, Least, Most

ADVERBS

1.MODIFY VERBS

 Adverbs modify verbs, answering the questions

 How?

 Worked quietly

 Where?

 The soldiers marched forward

 When?

 She visits often

2.modify adjectives

 Adverbs modify adjectives, answering the question

 To what extent

 The light was very bright

 The barrel was almost full

 ADVERB LIST

3. modify adverbs

 Adverbs modify adverbs, answering the question

  To what extent

 He walked very slowly

 The movie finished too abruptly

 ADVERB LIST

DEGREES OF ADVERBS

 Positive = No comparison

 Comparative = Compares two people or things

 Superlative = Compares more than two people or things

MODIFYING ADVERBS

 All adverbs that have an “ly” ending form their comparative and superlative forms by adding the
adverbs more or most in front of it.

AFFIRMATION AND NEGOTION

 Tell whether or not a fact is true

 Negation Adverbs = Nowhere, Scarcely, Not, Never

 Affirmation Adverbs = Yes, No

INTERROGATIVE ADVERBS

 Answers the questions

 How? Where did you put my book?

 Where?When did you visit grandma?

 Why? Why did you fail that last exam?

 When? How did you work that problem?

ADVERBS AND NOUNS

 Nouns (Direct objects) answer the question WHAT? or WHO?

 He bought some vegetables. (answers What?)

 She visits Devin. (answers Who?)

 Adverbs answer the question HOW?, WHERE?, WHY?, and WHEN?

 He went home. (answers Where?)

 I left last week. (answers When?)