URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE

Housing Amrut Smart Cities Tourism

•RAY, RINN JNNRUM •What, Why •Prasad

•Sardar •Pillars •Hriday
Scheme •Benchmarks
•2 Bills •Finance
•Criticism
 CENSUS 2011: TOWN TYPES
Statutory Census Town

•If muni, cantonment •Min. 5k Pop AND

board or Notified •Min. 400 Persons /
town area Committee sqkm. AND
•4041 towns •75% male in Non-
agro.
•3894 towns
CENSUS DEFINITION OF CITY: DEPENDS ON POPULATION SIZE

Semi-
MetroP. Urban Rural
urban
T1: 1L T3: 20k- T5: 5k-
&> 49,999 9999
10L &+
T2:50k- T4: 10k-
T6: <5k
99,999 19,999
 Urban infra.
Shortage of ~2 crore houses in
urban areas
HOUSING
Compared to China, Thailand, PROBLEMS
Malaysia- less loans available to
people
World Bank 2015- Ease of doing:
184/189 in construction permits-
27 clearances required (14 n S.Asia)
 RESIDEX
National Housing Bank’s RESIDEX
index
INFLATION IN
residential prices ▲ in most cities. HOUSING
Highest in Chennai and A'bad
Prices Fell in Meerut and
Chandigarh.
2022: 75th anniversary of
housing
independence (diamond jubilee) SARDAR
Housing for all (Amrut Mahotsav) URBAN
Oct 2014: Sardar patel urban HOUSING
housing mission
Rajiv Awas Yojana discontinued-
meant for slum rehabilitation in two
phases.
Rajiv Rinn Yojana discontinued-
meant for interest subsidy
 housing
(MoUD): Ministry of Urban
Development….No SARDAR
(MHUPA): Ministry of housing and URBAN
urban poverty alleviation ….yes. HOUSING
Interest subsidy, PPP, tax benefits
on home loans.
Feb 2015: thinking of renaming it.
URBAN HOUSING: LEGAL REFORMS

Draft Tenancy Act 2015

Real estate Development

bill 2015
 Urban Tenancy
1. Most States follow Rent control Act
1948
2. Not revised to keep vote bank happy. WHY
REFORM?
3. Max. rent ceiling very low. Subleting
@higher price
4. Difficult to evict tenant, owner not
renovating building = collapse.
5. 2015: Union drafted “Model tenancy
act”
 TENANCY ACT

Before After

•Tenant refuses to •Notice 3 months

pay higher rent- before old
eviction difficult, agreement expires.
lengthy court If not accepted-
process. automatic eviction
 TENANCY ACT
Before After

•Tenancy law •No such term limit.

applied if •Even 3-4 months
agreements with renting out possible
min. 12 months •Eviction on rent
period. default.
 TENANCY ACT
Before After

•No such •Owner has to

provision refund Security
deposit within 1
month of
agreement expiry
 TENANCY ACT
Before After

•No such provision = •State appointed rent

nuisance of bogus authority for
stamp paper agreement
agreements registration => rent
court in HC
•Hear disputes.
 TENANCY ACT
Before After

•No such •Landlord can

provision = enter only in 7AM
harassment by to 8PM, that too
land owner after serving 24
hours notice.
URBAN HOUSING: LEGAL REFORMS

Draft Tenancy Act 2015

Real estate Development

bill 2015
 housing
1. “Contracts”: concurrent list,
REAL ESTATE
parliament can legislate.
REGULATION
2. State real estate regulatory BILL 2013
authority (RERA) =>State real
estate appellate tribunals
3. Builder to register project
@RERA, only then he can begin
selling. – layout plan, names of
architect, engineers.
 housing
1. Plan alteration need approvals
REAL ESTATE
from 2/3rd of buyers
REGULATION
2. Structural defects, deadline BILL 2013
miss= refund
3. Broker mis-selling = penalty
4. Gone to Rajya Sabha’s select
Committee.
 Urban Infra
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban
Renewal Mission (JNNURM) JNNRUM
Ministry of Urban Development 2005
Sub missions: water supply,
sanitation, transport, waste
Management
2015: AMRUT to replace JNNURM.
But If JNNURM project 50% finished
then AMRUT will finance it as well
Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and
Urban Infra
Urban Transformation (AMRUT)
Under urban Development ministry AMRUT
500 cities w/ 1 lakh+population
10 years plan x Rs.2 lakh crores
Water supply, waste collection,
recycled water for organic farming,
wifi-zones, mass transport etc.
Union will not appraise each project.
It’s left States=> Cooperative
Federalism
 URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE
Housing Amrut Smart Cities Tourism

•RAY, RINN JNNRUM •What, Why •Prasad

•Sardar •Benchmark •Hriday
Scheme •Pillars
•2 Bills •Finance
•Criticism
 Urban Infra
What & Why?
SMART CITIES
Benchmark & Pillars

Finance

Criticism
 Smart city
2008: 34 cr people | 60% GDP
2030: 59 cr people | 75% GDP
WHY?
Cities= engines of economic
growth
Demand for every civic amnestic to
rise by 5-7 times, esp. by neo middle
class
New Satellite town, mid sized cities
required to accommodate migration
 Urbanization
1. Migrant inflow=> Informal
employment, exploitation (factory- ECONOMIC
labour reforms GS2) PROBLEMS
2. Under-employment=>crime, drug MAINS-GS1
abuse, alcoholism. (Skill India,
Nirbhaya-CCTV, Police-reforms)
3. High land prices=> black money
(Tax-adm-reforms;new bills GS3)
4. Muni. Insufficient funds=> poor civic
amnesties (PPP, Smart cities, REITS,
INVITs GS3)
 Urbanization
1. High rent=>living peripheral area=>
pub.transport=>pollution (metros, ENVIRONMENT
BRTS, Bharat Emission Norms, PROBLEMS
A.Q.I.,) MAINS-GS1
2. Energy crisis, diesel generator in
malls (net metering, rooftop solar
plants, nuke plants, )
3. Slums=>Sewage=>diseases=>pover
ty [Swatchh bharat Mission]
4. Pesticides, glass
buildings=>sparrow decline
 DEFINITION: WHAT IS SMART CITY?

Smart infra Smart “y” VIA some %

Physical Mobility 0%
Bureaucratic
hassles
Social / civic Utility
100% ICT but
Economic Technology not “end”
WHAT IS SMART CITY?
SMART CITY INFRASTRUCTURE
 Smart City
1. Boston: Gunshot sensor
2. Iowa: smart water meter, can SOME
compare with neighbor’s usage EXAMPLES
3. Dublin (Ireland): IBM’s “ParkYa”
app for finding parking slot
4. London: Mayor gets constant
data analysis of twitter feeds
5. Surat: online monitoring of water
quality
 Urban Infra
What & Why?
SMART CITIES
Benchmark & Pillars

$$ Finance

Criticism
 SMART CITY: BENCHMARK, PILLARS

Electricity Water Transport Housing

Education Healthcare Communication Economic

 SMART CITY: ELECTRICITY INFRASTRUCTURE

•Self-healing against power outages

Smart
•Resilient against cyber-attacks
grids
•Digitally managed street lights
Renewable •Rooftop Solarcells, Grid
Energy connectivity
 Smart city
Swatch Bharat Mission
Rainwater harvesting, Stormwater PILLAR
drainage WATER,
SANITATION
Segregation: recyclable and no
recyclable. Smart transport- optimal
route via, Treatment / disposal.
Penalty for civic indiscipline: (1)
slum encroachment (2) littering (3)
misuse of water, electricity etc.
 SMART CITY TRANSPORT

Public Road Lanes

BRTS ring roads Waterways
Metro bypasses
walking
Monorail underpasses
Cycling: Velib-
TRAM elevated roads Paris
Mass transport within 10-15 minutes walk
▼GHG, Traffic Jam || Men-material transport ▲
PARIS: VELIB – PUBLIC BICYCLE SHARING SYSTEM
 SMART CITY: BENCHMARK, PILLARS

Electricity Water Transport Housing

Education Healthcare Communication Economic

 Smart city
20% houses occupied by poor (LIC)
Sardar Patel National Housing BENCHMARK
Mission HOUSING
95% houses have school, shopping
and parks within 400m, all
integrated with ICT.
 Nurseries, Schools
 Colleges

golf courses, swimming

pools, sports complex.
 SMART CITY: BENCHMARK, PILLARS

Electricity Water Transport Housing

Education Healthcare Communication Economic

 Smart city
24 x 7 water, electricity,
emergency, medical service, fire BENCHMARK
service CIVIC
Communication: telephone and Wi- UTILITIES
Fi to all households @100mbps.
 Smart city
Kiosk banking, mobile banking
apps, Rupay cards etc. ECONOMIC
Youth: skill development centres INFRASTRUCT
(Din Dayal Antyodaya) URE
Start ups: incubation centres
(SETU, ATAL, Mutra)
Financial centres (e.g. GIFT city)
warehousing- freight terminals
Export parks for IT & mfg.
 SMART CITY: BENCHMARK, PILLARS

Electricity Water Transport Housing

Education Healthcare Communication Economic

 SMART CITY SELECTION: 3 DOCUMENTS NEEDED

Citizen
•what do people want? via meeting,
reference
workshop, surveys
framework
Smart city
•GIS, spatial, ICT mapping & financial
Development
requirements
plan
Environment
•trees, water-waste Management, Disaster
sustainability
management
plan
 Smart city
1. states to shortlist aspirants
2. Union to finalize list & give
funding SELECTION
3. Each state to get min.1 smart city
4. Total 100 smart cities planned
 Smart city
May 2015: announced 46k crore
for 100 smart cities.
7 lakh crores over 20 years. FINANCE
Government funding: 60% to infra,
10% to e-Gov.
10% bonus funding on
performance.
 Smart city
Independent regulators for water-
electricity user fees, property taxes
(14FC recommended same) FINANCE
Use private sector to develop public
transport, recover the cost to user
fees
REITs, InvITS, tax free municipal
bonds.
 finance
REITs: Real estate investment
trusts
InvITs: infrastructure investment REITS
trusts (airport, highway, thermal
plants, gas grid etc.)
Similar to Mutual funds
Invest in income generating assets
Return to unit holder from
rent/user fees.
 Benefits
Tried tested in US, UK, Aus., Japan
Stressed developer gets new
finance: else NPA REITS, INVITS
Unit can be sold in stock exchange
(like CPSE-ETF) : don’t have to wait
till maturity
New investment opportunity for
people=> may be positive real
interest rate => gold ▼ => CAD ▼
1. Near Guiyang, Wuhan, Nanjing
China
and Hefei & other provincial
capitals. GHOST SMART
2. They're building "satellite towns"- CITIES
Copycat "western" cities: central
business district, huge malls,
skyscrapers, residential flats.
3. Too much $$ pumped into metro
system to reduce pollution
compared to population density in
given town.
1. All Land nationalized, leases sold
China
for 70 years.
2. Middleclass families bought GHOST SMART
leases, hoping to sublet the CITIES
apartments for steady income.
3. But outsiders not settling in-
harsh weather, low economic
opportunities
4. Most infamous Ordos city, Inner
Mongolia.
 Smart city
1. Cyber terrorism or even a
Software bug can crash public
transport & electricity grid. CRITICISM
2. CCTV constant surveillance,
prone to misuse by authoritarian
Government
3. Smart maps, smart metered
connections= advertisement
spams.
1. soulless landscape of glass, steel,
Smart city
and concrete boxes connected
through ICT & wires. CRITICISM
2. "Sense of place" is lost. All
streets and shops identical-
Songdo, S.Korea
3. People lose communication,
family-community values in
smartphone with GPS & wifi
4. Better focus on R urban first.
 TOURISM PROMOTION
Prasad Hriday

•Pilgrimage •Heritage City

Rejuvenation and Development and
Spirituality Augmentation Yojana
Augmentation Drive •Urban Development
•Tourism Min. Min.
•100% CSS •100% CSS
 FUNDING: BOTH 100% CSS
Prasad Hriday

•Similar •Funding in installment

•20% @approval
•60% $$ when 20%
work done
•20% $$ when 60%
work done
 TOURISM PROMOTION
Prasad Hriday

•?? •Validity: 4 years, starting

from December 2014
•Tripartite agreement
with union, state and
urban local body
•Execution through PWD,
PSUs, SPV and NGOs
 TOURISM PROMOTION
Prasad Hriday

•Hunar se Rozgar tak •??

(HSRT) and earn while
you learn programs
•Vocational training
for tourist guides
hospitality business
 SELECTED CITIES
Prasad Hriday

• 12 cities shortlisted: Amaravati • 12 heritage cities: Amaravati,

(Andhra Pradesh), Gaya (Bihar), Gaya, Dwarka, Badami
Dwarka (Gujarat), Amritsar (Karnataka), Puri, Amritsar,
(Punjab), Ajmer (Rajasthan), Ajmer, Kanchipuram, Vellankani,
Kanchipuram (Tamil Nadu), Warangal (Telangana), Varanasi,
Vellankani (Tamil Nadu), Puri and Mathura.
(Odisha), Varanasi (Uttar
Pradesh), Mathura (Uttar
Pradesh), Kedarnath
(Uttarakhand) and Kamakhya
(Assam)
Public transport, water and solid Tourist infra
waste management, sanitation.
Street furniture, battery-operated
vehicles, smart signs- Digital brochure, HRIDAY
kiosks
Cultural events, fairs, festivals
Museum and cultural spaces
Wi-Fi, CCTV cameras
Cottage industry, handloom industry:
market haats
Training tour operators, guides, local
artisans and women entrepreneurs
ATM, foreign currency exchange counters Tourist infra
Rail, road water transport
Green energy streetlights PRASAD
Water adventure sports
Emergency vehicle breakdown repair and
refueling facilities
First-aid centres, Wi-Fi hotspots, Parking
facilities
Green landscaping, water fountains,
walkways, furniture etc.
Removing encroachments
 PRASAD & HRIDAY: OUTCOMES?
Employment ▲

Tourist Traffic ▲

Crime, Pollution ▼

Sus.Development ▲

Cleanliness ▲
By Dr Hari Teja
 Innovative concept called Public Policy
Mohalla clinics
 announced a budget 2015-
2016 Mohalla
 To setup 520 clinics in Clinics
Delhi
 209 crores launched - 1st
schedule
 50/60 sq mts built up Public Policy
area/100-150 sq mts in a
semi-permanent structure
with modern tech and Mohalla
latest design in an Clinics
economical way.
 Each clinic will have Public Policy
1. Doctor
2. A Nurse
3. A Pharmacist What it will
4. A laboratory technician have?
5. Specialist doctor.
 take care of PH needs of
people living within 1km
Area
 Services Include: Public Policy
1. Outpatient
2. Inpatient
3. free medicine What it will
4. family planning and have?
5. counselling services.
 Timings : 8am-2pm - Public Policy
evening also. First such
clinic - July 2015 in
peeragarhi area of Delhi. Other things
Cost to establish the clinic
was Rs.20 lakhs.
 Geographical access Public Policy
 Majority(primary) tech
uneasy to approach the top
hospitals. Advantages
 70% expenditure on - Public Policy
medicines and diagnostics
 free medicine and 50 How it is
diagnostics services useful for
 Non communicable people
diseases
 No difficulty in allocation of
additional resources from
Delhi govt - govt success.
 good human resource Public Policy
services/doctors/paramedic
al staff/lab technicians – How it is
are available in Delhi / useful for
Viable and Popular people
 No Probs….
 May not work in rural areas Public Policy
 Monitoring 500 clinics -not
simple
 Misuse/abuse of drugs Troubles to
 Consistent survelliance Delhi Govt
should be there using
CCTV’s, IT solutions for
inventory management.
 Necessary skills to staff
 use of biometric IDs to Public Policy
track patients
 tie up with local NGOs
 pilot projects in Troubles to
metros/other big urban Delhi Govt
areas.
 PUBLIC POLICY
 Big challenge in indian health care
system
 Need for primary healthcare system -
geographical distance
 Alma Ata declaration1978/India’s
national health policy 1983/2002 -
accepted PHCS
 Absence of PHCS lead to - primary and
tertiary
 Result – overcrowding /long hour wait
/poor quality service - non qualified
doctors /private doctors/out of pocket
expenditure
 Tertiary healthcare system - can do it
better(but) - it don’t have
time/resources to handle every
common illness.