STD-ICEA P-32-3a2-ENGL 1999 mB ICO70L4 Code? 4Ob mm ICEA P-32-382-1999 SHORT CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF INSULATED CABLE ICEA PUBLICATION # P-32-382-1999 April 1999 Fourth Edition © 1999 by INSULATED CABLE ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION, Inc.STD-ICEA P-32-362-ENGL 1995 MM 9007034 CO02198 342 mm SHORT CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF INSULATED CABLE Publication # P-32-382-1999 ist Edition-- 1958 1969 ~~ 1994 4th Edition -- 1999 Published By INSULATED CABLE ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION, Inc. Post Office Box 440 South Yarmouth, Massachusetts 02664, U.S.A. © 1999 Copyrighted by the ICEA Contents may not be reproduced In any form without permission of the INSULATED CABLE ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION, INC.STP-ICEA P-32-382-ENGL 1999 mm 9007014 OO02199 285 INSULATED CABLE NGINEERS ASSOCIATION Publication P-32-382 SHORT CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS. of INSULATED CABLE PREFACE This publication is offered to enable the users of electric cable to determine the operability of cable under short circuit conditions. It may be used in the following ways: 1. To determine the maximum short circuit current permitted for a cable. 2. To determine the cable size necessary to withstand a particular short circuit load 3. To determine the maximum time a cable may be subjected to a particular short circuit load without damage to the insulation. A formula has been established for short circuit calculations with conductors of copper or ‘aluminum. The insulations, which determine the maximum allowed short circuit temperatures, are described in ICEA Standards. The formula is based on the heat content of the conductor material and the temperature limit of the insulation with the assumption that the time interval is so short that the heat developed during the short circuit is contained in the conductor. At the lime this document was originally published there was no standard mathematical method available to calculate heat flow from the conductor through the insulation at the cessesion of the short circuit load. It was necessary to enlist the aid and facilities of member laboratories and ‘Massachusetts Instinute of Technology to obiain in cooperation 2 solution to this problem so that safe temperature limits could be established for the various types of insulation. The solution is slill a viable, consecvative approach to the calculation of short circuit capacitySTD-ICEA P~32-382-ENGL 1999 Mm 9007014 oodze00 820 om INSULATED CABLE ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION, INC. P-32-382 SHORT CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF COVERED WIRE & CABLE Introduction. ‘This publication discusses factors for consideration in approximating the operability of insulated and/or covered wire and cable under the influence of uninterrupted short circuit currents encountered as a result of cable or other equipment faults. The duration of such a fault is considered to be up to approximately 2 seconds. Calculations for single short circuits of longer durations yield increasingly conservative results. The following items must be considered in order to estimate the short circuit performance of a specific circuit 1, The magnitude and duration of the fault current including any fault current division due to available conducting paths 2. The capability of joints, terminations and other accessories in the affected circuit to withstand the thermal and mechanical stresses created by the fault. 3. The interaction between the faulting circuit and surrounding equipment, such as supports, ties and clamps. 4, The capability of the affected cable circuit, as installed, to withstand the electromagnetic forces created during the fault. 5. The maximum temperature that cable components can withstand without incurring. Gamage due to heating caused by fault current flow. 6. Damage to adjacent equipment due to arcing at the site of the fault. 7, For limitations imposed on the short-circuit capacity of the cable by the fault capacity of the cable metallic sheath/shield, see ICEA Publication P-45-482, Short Circuit Characteristics of Metattic Sheaths and Shields on Insulated Cable ‘An important simplifying assumption in the formula is the adiabatic nature of the heat generated, ie., the duration of the fault is so short that al! the heat developed by the fault current during this time is assumed 10 be completely contained within the conductor. The amount of heat dissipated from the conductor during continuous, single fault occurrences of relatively short duration is small, A significant amount of heat may be dissipated because of the relatively long Page 1STD-ICEA P+32-382-ENGL L999 mm SO070%4 OO02201 767 mm coaling periods invoived for faults interrupted and reestablished with automatic reclosing of circuit protective devices, A non-adiabatic calculation may be more suitable for these situations and for single, uninterrupted short circuits in excess of 2 seconds requiring close accurac Non-adiabatic calculation methods are described in several published works listed in the reference. The formula described in this publication is based on the thermal capacity of the conductor material and the transient temperature limit of the insulation, ‘The quantity of heat contained in the conductor is that created by the fault current and is also a function of the temperature rise im the conductor, The magnitude of the temperature rise is the difference between the limiting transient temperature of the insulation material and the operating temperature of the conductor immediately prior to the initiation of the fault. The limiting transient temperature is. that temperature which causes no significant change in any cable component. Scope. Equations have been established for short circuit calculations for conductors made of copper or aluminum. The coverings and insulations, which determine the maximum allowable short circuit temperatures are: paper, varnished cloth and several thermoplastic and thermosetting materials presently appearing in ICEA standards. Temperature limits, considered sate, were established for the various covering and insulation materials. ‘The equations may be used to determine: © the maximum short circuit current permitted for a specific conductor and short ccireuit duration, © the conductor size necessary to carry a spetific short circuit current for a given duration. © the maximum duration a specific conductor can carry a specific short cireuit current, Results are sufficiently conservative to neglect conductor skin-effect except for very large conductors, Skin-effect can be taken into account by dividing the right hand member of the ‘equations shown by the appropriate conductor AC/DC resistance ratio. Page 2STD-ICEA P-32-382-ENGL 2599 mm SOO70L4 0002202 &T3 REFERENCES: 1 10, ul. The Transient Temperature Rise of Round Wire Shields of Extruded Dielectric Cables Under Short Circuit Conditions, M. A. Martin Jr., A. W. Reczek Jr., IEEE-ICC Open Forum at 97th Meeting, Nov. 17-19, 1975. Optimization of Design of Metallic Shield-Concentric Conductors of Extruded Dielectric Cables Under Fault Conditions, EPRI EL-3014, Project 1286-2, Final Report 4/83. Optimization of Metallic Shields for Extruded Dielectric Cables Under Fault Conditions, IEEE Paper 86 T&D 339-B. Normal and Short Circuit Operating Characteristics of Metallic Shielded Solid Dielecaric Power Cable, M. A. Martin Jr., D. A. Silver, R. G. Lukac, R. Suarez, IEEE Paper 973 495-9. Fault Test on Embedded Copper Wire and Copper Tape Shielded Single Conductor Cables, C. Landinger, L. D. Cronin, IEEE Paper C73-124-5. Buried Power And Telephone Distribution Systems-Analysis of Primary Cable Fault Tests and Evaluation of Experience With Random Separation, BEI Pub. 68-62. The Short Circuit Rating of Thin Metal Tape Cable Shields, AEE Trans. Vol. 87, pp. 749-758, March 1968. Fault Current Rating of Metallic Cable Screens, ‘T. M. White, S. E. Philbrick, JICABLE 1987, Paper B6.2. Are Cable Shields Being Damaged During Ground Faulss?, P. S. Hamer, B. M. Wood, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Paper PID-86-6. Design of Metallic Shields for Extruded Dielectric Cables, 1984 IEEE 1AS Pulp and Paper Conference, D. A. Silver, M. D. Buckweitz, Paper PPI-84-14. Calculation of Thermally Permissible Short Circuit Currents Taking Into Account Non- Adiabatic Heating Effects, IEC Publication 949-1988. Page 3STD.ICEA P-32-382-ENGL L499 mm FOO70L4 DODe2O3 53T me Allowabte Short Circuit Currents For Insulated Capper Conductors 400 80 60 50 40 30 20 SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT-THOUSANDS OF AMPERE AML L 0 6 6 4 2 | WO 2 ¥OAIDANG 250MCM 500SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT, Thousands of amperes STD-ICEA P-32-382-ENGL L999 MM SO07034 0002204 476 mm x 8 6 a » 2 a 0.2 CONDUCTOR - COPPER THERMOPLASTIC INSULATIONS RATED FOR 76°C MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS OPERATION (CURVES BASED ON FORMULA: ie 2 + 234 t = 0.0297 log a T+ 234 WHERE: | = SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT, AMPERES [A = CONDUCTOR AREA, CIRCULAR MLS + = TIME OF SHORT CIRCUIT, SECONDS 17, = MAXIMUM OPERATING ‘TEMPERATURE - 75°C ‘Ty = MAXIMUM SHORT CIRCUT TEMPERATURE - 150°C 1 10 20 30 40 AW kemé: 260 380 $00 750 1000 CONDUCTOR SIZESTD.ICEA P-32-382-ENGL 1999 mB 9007024 OO0eeOs 302 mm . . . tem: 280.350 sco. 189 132 aaa 5 2 ota 30 4 A i et t i | LZ | 50 Yo 1 T | if oe 3 (A. | B 20 c a E 5 6 2 10 t 3 T e 5 B 3 = & z = 2 - 2 a ce { CONDUCTOR - COPPER S 2 t THERMOSET INSULATIONS oO | RATED FOR 90°C Ee } IMAXIMUM CONTINUOUS OPERATION a Y CURVES BASED ON FORMULA: < v iT, + 234 g t = 0.0297 log [12 * 235) °o PZ x i + 234} Ee — ‘wien: So 0s | SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT, AMPERES = ‘A = CONOUCTOR AREA, CIRCULAR MLS wo == {= TIME OF SHORT CIRCUTT, SECCNOS | 1, = MAXIMUM OPERATING - TEMPERATURE - 80°C | 7, = MAXIMUM SHORT CIRCUIT | TEMPERATURE - 250°C 0.2 —— O14 > 10 2 6 ‘ 2 + 1 20 30 40 aN Kemi: 250 980 6007801000 CONDUCTOR SIZESTD.ICEA P-32-382-ENGL 4999 mm 5007034 OO0z204 249 me T CONDUCTOR - COPPER THERMOSET INSULATIONS, RATED FOR 105°C MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS OPERATION (CURVES BASED CN FORMULA: T, + 234 v T, + 234 4r t= 0.0297 log Bm were: {= SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT, AMPERES 05 SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT, Thousands of amperes [A = CONDUCTOR AREA, CIRCULAR MILS {t= TIME OF SHOAT CIRCUIT, SECONDS. 7, = MAXIMUM OPERA’ TEMPERATURE - 108: Ta = MAXIMUM SHORT CIRCUIT TEMPERATURE - 250°C 0.2 O14 4 1 | 10 20 30 40 awa kemd: 280 350 500750, 100 CONDUCTOR SIZESTD-ICEA P-32-362-ENGL 1999 m™ 9007014 0002207 145 am Allowable Short Circuit Currents for insusoted Aluminum conductors 100 - - i - Fe Hy SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT—THOUSANDS OF AMPERES 250MCM 500 1000STD-ICEA P-32-362-ENGL 1999 mm 1007024 Oooe20s 032 mm os ‘ 100 tC 50 a 2 3 20 a E a 3 a 10 zz c oO a 3 £5 - e a © CONDUCTOR - ALUMINUM 5 2 THERMOPLASTIC INSULATIONS Go RATED FOR 75°C 5 MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS OPERATION oWy 4 CURVES BASED ON FORMULA: « 2 a | Lt = 0.0125 tog i + 228 Ee AA a ih + 228 E ! WERE: Sos - | = SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT, AMPERES = ‘A= CONDUCTOR AREA. CIRCULAR MLS, {= TIME OF SHORT CIRCUIT, SECONDS Ty = MAXMUM OPERATING TEMPERATURE: 78°C ‘Ty = MAXIMUM SHORT CRRCUT TEMPERATURE - 150°C 0.2 t | 0.1 «8 6 4 & 1 10 20 39 40 awa kami: 260 350 $00 750, 1000 CONDUCTOR SIZESTD-ICEA P-32-382-ENGL 1999 mm 9007024 OOO2205 T55 me 100 a 3 » 8 3 wo CONDUCTOR - ALUMINUM. y THERMOSET INSULATIONS RATED FOR 90°C MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS OPERATI CURVES BASED ON FORMULA: ft, + 228 ION A 1 = 0.0125 log a I) + 228 WHERE: | = SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT, AMPERES. 2 a ‘A = CONDUCTOR AREA, CIRCULAR MLS. SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT, Thousands of amperes 1 = TIME OF SHORT CIRCUIT, SECONDS ‘7, = MAXIMUM OPERATING. TEMPERATURE - 90°C T. = MAXIMUM SHORT CIRCUIT TEMPERATURE - 280°C. 0.2 O41 2 1 10 20 80 40 AWE ‘emit 250 380 8007501000, CONDUCTOR SIZESTD-ICEA P-32-382-ENGL 1999 MM 1007034 0002220 777 mm hemk 250 o a 6 4 2 1 19 20 30 40 awa” 100 fF t rz I i [ 2 LA WA | 2 3 A g 20 . f = | S So | a 10 3 e 5 8 3 and 5 - s E z or c CONDUCTOR - ALUMINUM 5 2 THERMOSET INSULATIONS oO RATED FOR 105°C = MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS OPERATION a CURVES BASED ON FORMULA: 1 2 « Ae t= 0,0125 log [Iz + 228 Oo “ IT, + 228 bE were: S ax | | = SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT, AMPERES : ae ‘A = CONDUCTOR AREA, CIRCULAR MILS n {= TIME OF SHORT CIRCUIT, SECONDS: Ty MAXIMUM OPERATING ‘TEMPERATURE - 108°C 17, = MAXIMUM SHORT CIRCUIT TEMPERATURE - 250°C 0.2 0.1 10 8 6 4 201 0 20 30 40 AWG CONDUCTOR SIZE ‘™* 280 380 5007801000