Student Research Guidelines: San Pedro College of Business Administration KN

SAN PEDRO COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
KnPedro City, Laguna

Km. 30 Old National Highway, Brgy. Nueva, San
STUDENT RESEARCH
GUIDELINES
2021
Appendices
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TITLE IN BOLD AND CAPS EXCEPT FOR Scientific name

(COMMON NAME HERE) ARRANGED IN INVERTED
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PYRAMID PREFERABLY UP TO FOUR LINES
A Research Presented to the

Department of Accountancy
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San Pedro College of Business Administration
San Pedro City, Laguna
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of

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Bachelor of Science in Accountancy
NAME OF THE RESEARCHERS

May 2021
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Title Page i
Abstract ii
Approval Sheet iii
Acknowledgments iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vi
List of Figures vii
List of Appendices vii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study ` 01
Statement of the Problem 00
Objectives of the Study 00
Conceptual Framework 00
Theoretical Framewrok 00
Hypotheses (if needed) 00
Scope and Limitations 00
Significance of the Study 00
Definition of Terms 00
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CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
First topic 00
Second topic 00
Third topic… 00
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
Research Design 00
Research Setting (if necessary) 00
First step procedure 00
Second step procedure 00
Third step procedure… 00
Data Gathering and Statistical Analysis 00
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
First Specific Objective 00
Second Specific Objective 00
Third Specific Objective… 00
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions 00
Recommendations 00
References 00
Appendices 00
Curriculum Vitae 00
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LIST OF TABLES
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Table Title Page
1 Sample title 00
2 Sample title 00
NOTE: Table and Figure numbering should be continuous throughout the text.
Here’s an APA format of a table

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title Page
1 Sample title 00
2 Sample title 00
NOTE: Table and Figure numbering should be continuous throughout the text.
Figures represent information in a visual way.

There are many commonly used figures in papers. Examples
Pie charts
Photographs
Maps
Hierarchy charts
Drawings
General format of a figure is the same as tables. This means each should include:
Figure number
Title
. Figure
Note
Use the same formatting tables use for the number, title, and note. Only include a figure
if it adds value to your paper. If it will truly help with understanding, include it! Either
include a figure OR write it all out in the text. Do not include the same information
twice.If a note is added, it should clearly explain the content of the figure. Include any
reference information if its reproduced or adapted.
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Title Page
A Map of Study Site (if applicable) 00
B Standard Procedure (if applicable) 00
X Certification 00
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CHAPTER 1
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THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
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Background of the Study
This section is intended to provide the reader with critical information about the topic
being studied, such as, highlighting and expanding upon foundational studies conducted in the
past, describing important historical events that inform why and in what ways the research
problem exists, or defining key components of your study such as concepts, people, places,
things. You may include some data that will justify your study. Just make sure that sources of
your supporting data must properly cited using the APA format and as much as possible your
sources should not be older than 10 years ago.
The next few paragraphs should contain some background information or related
literatures and recent findings about the topic. It may not be that long, some of the detailed
information may be placed in the literature review.
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Statement of the Problem
This section will include the (a) identification of research gaps in knowledge or activities
that must be filled to move field forward, (b) how these research gaps/problems are being
addressed, and (c) as researchers, how will you address such gaps and problems. Just make sure
that sources of your supporting data must properly cited using the APA format and as much as
possible your sources should not be older than 10 years ago.

Page 1
starts
here
NOTE: Please refer to the APA referencing style
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Objectives of the Study
The general objective of your study states what you expect to achieve in general terms.
Specific objectives break down the general objective into smaller, logically connected parts that
systematically address the various aspects of the problem.
The aim of the study is to………. (general objective)…… (The study generally aims to
determine the effects of independent variables to the dependent variables; this is actually
repetition of your title which states the general objective of the study.)
To achieve this, the objectives are:
1. Objective 1
2. Objective 2
3. Objective 3
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Theoretical Period and Conceptual Framework
Most of the time, we get confused about the difference between the theoretical
framework (TF) and the conceptual framework (CF). Sometimes we use these terms
interchangeably. But they do not substitute/competing. Rather they are complementary.
Moreover, TF is a broader concept and the foundation upon which CF relies on

The theoretical and conceptual framework explains the path of research and grounds it
firmly in theoretical constructs. The overall aim of the two frameworks is to make research
findings more meaningful, acceptable to the theoretical constructs in the research field, and
ensures generalizability. Both give life to research.
Theoretical framework
TF is the blueprint or guide for research (Grant & Osanloo, 2014). It is a blueprint often
borrowed by the researcher to build his/her own house or research inquiry. It is based on an
existing theory or theories (e.g. theory of motivation, Theory of consumer’s behavior, the
Ricardian theory of International Trade). Hence, TF is testing of available theories. TF provides
the structure in showing how a researcher defines his/her study philosophically,
epistemologically, methodology, and analytically. TF assists researchers in a situation and
contextualizing formal theories into their studies as a guide (Ravitch & Carl, 2016).
In a thesis or paper, we take the help of any established theory (theories) which is
demonstrated with a theoretical framework. The TF provides a general representation of
relationships between things in a given phenomenon. By doing a thorough LR, we can get a fair
idea of TF and which will again pave a way to develop our conceptual framework. The TF
dwells on time tested theories that embody the findings of numerous investigations on how
phenomena occur.
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Conceptual framework
The CF, on the other hand, is something we can develop ourselves based on the theory.
Hence, in CF, we add our own concepts/ constructs/ variables that we think are relevant and then
proceed to explore or test the relationship between them. A CF is a structure that the researcher
believes can best explain the natural progression of the phenomenon to be studied .While
developing our CF, it should be logical and backed up by enough LR. A CF is the researcher’s
idea of how the research problem will have to be explored. This is founded on the theoretical
framework, which lies on a much broader scale of resolution. Statistically speaking, the CF
describes the relationship between specific variables identified in the study. It also outlines the
input, process, and output of the whole investigation.
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Hypotheses
The following hypotheses will be tested to accept or reject the proposed study on….
1. First null hypothesis. The hypothesis should be stated negatively, assuming negative
results. There is no significant difference between…
2. Second null hypothesis. The hypothesis should be stated negatively, assuming
negative results. There is no significant difference between…
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Scope and limitations
The study will focus on the effects of the following different concentrations; you may
enumerate here the different levels of the independent variables to the dependent variables. The
dependent variables should also be specified here and should be explained when will be observed
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or measured. The scope sets the boundaries of your research. You may also include here the
duration, in weeks, of the experimental procedure. This paragraph is all about the limitations or
the exclusions of the study.
Significance of the Study
By developing an accurate and reliable understanding of your topic here, you may
include here some of the expected results of your study.
You may cite some of the groups or direct beneficiaries from your study and explain also
how your findings would give them some benefits.
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Definition of Terms
The following important terms are defined based on context or how they were used in the
study (arranged in alphabetical order):
Term 1. The definition should be based on how it was used in the study; it should be in
complete sentence.
complete sentence.
complete sentence.
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CHAPTER 2
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES
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Related literature first topic
The literature review is developmental in nature and is arranged by topics. There is no
limit to the number of cited references but all should be relevant to the objectives of the research
study. Just make sure that sources of your supporting data must properly cited using the APA
format and as much as possible your sources should not be older than 10 years ago.
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Related literature second topic
The arrangement of topic should be from general to specifics. Mostly, these literatures
are taken from books.
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Related literature third topic
The conceptual review is developmental in nature and is arranged by topics. There is no
limit to the number of cited references but all should be relevant to the objectives of the research
study.
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Related studies first topic
One should integrate and synthesize all local and foreign related studies coherently to
link the past studies to the current study being undertaken. Just make sure that sources of your
supporting data must properly cited using the APA format and as much as possible your sources
should not be older than 10 years ago.
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Related studies second topic…
NOTE: The RRL should be in an argumentative approach. Focus on building an argument based
on the literatures you have read. The focus of your literatures is to help develop your own study
and contribute to the actual literature as well. This will avoid annotated bibiliography and
plagiarism.
Synthesis
Summarize or synthesize all research citations in an argumentative format, not annotating
the entire citation, but rather building your own literature presentation.
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CHAPTER 3 2 spaces
METHODOLOGY
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Research Design
State here the particular type of research design (quasi-experimental, experimental or
descriptive) of your proposed study. You may also include the different levels/sets of groups
under study and your sampling design.
Study Area (if applicable)
Give a detailed description of the the place where the study will be conducted. Explicitly
describe also the sampling sites. This portion may only be required if the area is important or is a
main factor in your results.
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Procedure 1
Explain here how you will be doing this particular step in a way that your reader can
replicate your work by just following this particular part. Therefore, each step should be written
in detail. It is also important to acknowledge your source or basis using the CSE format.
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Procedure 2
Explain here in detail how would go about this particular step of your methodology.
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Procedure 3
Explain here in detail how would go about this particular step of your methodology.
Remember also that the arrangement of steps should be on how you actually conducted your
study.
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Data Gathering and Analysis
For each objective, enumerate here all data that you will gather and how they will be
analyzed .This paragraph should contain the specific statistical tool that you employed in the
analysis and interpretation of results. Mention also the probability level used in the analysis, like
this: All statistical analyses will be done at 5% probability level.
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CHAPTER 4 2
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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This section summarizes the data that was collected and the statistical analyses that were
performed. The goal of this section is to report the results without any type of subjective
interpretation.
Subtitle of the first problem
(Combined results and discussion. State directly your results. You don’t have to
summarize the methods that you used to generate data. This section describes the trends or
patterns of your results and not a mere description of the content of the table/figure). Either
present the data in a tabular form (which is more meaningful) or figure (never both if they say
the same thing). Always write text then prompt your reader to the Table or Figure.
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Subtitle of the second problem and so on….
NOTE: Do not include the raw data in the results section. Remember, you are summarizing the
results, not reporting them in full detail. The results section should be a relatively brief overview
of your findings, not a complete presentation of every single number and calculation. You may
put the raw data in the appendices section.

Just as your results section should sufficiently justify your claims, it should also provide
an accurate look at what you found in your study. Be sure to mention all relevant information. If
your hypothesis expected more statistically significant results, don't omit the findings if they
failed to support your predictions.
Even if your study did not support your hypothesis, it does not mean that the conclusions
you reach are not useful. Provide data about what you found in your results sections, then save
your interpretation for what such results might mean in the discussion section. While your study
might not have supported your original predictions, your findings can provide important
inspiration for future explorations into a topic.
Always assume that your readers have a solid understanding of statistical concepts. There
is no need to explain what a t-test is or how a one-way ANOVA works. Your responsibility is to
report the results of your study, not to teach your readers how to analyze or interpret statistics.
Your results section should include both text and illustrations. Presenting data in this way
makes it easier for readers to quickly look at your results. Structure your results section
around tables or figures that summarize the results of your statistical analysis. In many cases, the
easiest way to accomplish this is to first create your tables and figures and then organize them in
a logical way. Next, write the summary text to support your illustrative materials.
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CHAPTER 5
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Conclusions and Recommendations
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Conclusions
Conclusions should be the direct answer to each of the specific questions or objectives or
the study. Each conclusion should be qualitative statement or without the use of the quantitative
values of your findings. These are what you should put in this section
1. Restate your topic and why it is important,
2. Restate your claim,
3. Address opposing viewpoints and explain why readers should align with your position,
4. Call for action or overview future research possibilities.
(You can also include here the implications of your research findings.)
Recommendations
The following recommendations were drawn based on the results and conclusions of the study:
Example:
1. Further study of other metals present in the dumpsite is suggested. Studies may also be
done in different seasons to see if weather or temperature may affect the availability of
heavy metal contents in dumpsite soil.
2. Investigation on the plants studied to support the findings of its capability as
bioaccumulator, specifically, the Muntingia calabura (tree).
3. Effects of eating plants cultivated in the dumpsite may also be taken into consideration by
the next studies.

References
1.
OR
2.
Reference list entries contain all the information that is required to follow up your source.
Reference lists in APA are arranged alphabetically by author.
Source: URL: https://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/APA
REFERENCING USING APA STYLE
Material Type In-Text Citation Reference List & Notes
Journal article in print: Sohrabi, H. R., Weinborn, M., Badcock, J., Bates,
K. A., Clarnette, R., Trivedi, D., …

Martins, R. N. (2011). New lexicon and
criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's
disease. Lancet Neurology, 10(4), 299-300.
8 or more authors Complete author list: Sohrabi, H. R., Weinborn, M.,

Badcock, J. Bates, K. A., Clarnette, R., Trivedi,
See book formats for 1, (Sohrabi et al., 2011) D.,Verdile, G., Sutton, T., Lenzo, N. P., Gandy, S.
2, 3-5 and 6 + authors E., Martins, R. N.
in-text referencing
End-Text Reference List: If a reference has
one to seven authors spell out all authors'
names, If it has eight or more, list the first
six, insert ellipses, then provide the name of
the final author.
(Gagné et al., 2015, p.

185)
Or
Gagné et al. (2015) Gagné, M., Forest, J., Vansteenkiste, M., Crevier-
reported that “Results Braud, L., van den Broeck, A., Aspeli, A.
showed that the K., . . . Westbye, C. (2015). The
MWMS had an Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale:
invariant Validation evidence in seven languages and
configuration in the nine countries. European Journal of Work
three languages” (p. and Organizational Psychology, 24(2),
Journal article online: 185), ... 178-196.
With direct quotation or http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1359432x.2013.8
Multiple page
paraphrase 77892
numbers in sequence:
(Gagné et al., 2015, When paraphrasing text include page number/s
pp. 185-187) in the in-text citation but do not use quotation
marks. There is a right and a wrong way to
Multiple page paraphrase. - see the Study Smarter guide
numbers not in at http://www.student.uwa.edu.au/__data/assets/
sequence should be pdf_file/0011/1861319/R4-Paraphrasing.pdf
separated by a comma
and/or ampersand:
(Gagné et al., 2015,
pp. 185, 187 & 194)
Journal article online: First citation: Almeida, R. A., Dickinson, J., Maybery, M. T.,
Digital Object Identifier (Almeida, Dickinson, Badcock, J. C., & Badcock, D. R. (2010).
supplied Maybery, Badcock, & Visual search performance in the autism
Badcock, 2010) spectrum ii: The radial frequency search
task with additional segmentation

cues. Neuropsychologia, 48(14), 4117-
Subsequent citations:
4124.
(Almeida et al., 2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologi
a.2010.10.009
Anderson, M., & Reid, C. (2009). Don't forget

Journal article online:
about levels of explanation. Cortex: A
No DOI supplied (Anderson & Reid,
Journal Devoted to the Study of the
(Pheme authentication 2009)
Nervous System and Behavior, 45(4), 560-
required)
561. Retrieved from ScienceDirect.
Thomas, K., & Bosch, B. (2005). An exploration of

the impact of chronic fatigue syndrome and
Journal article online: implications for psychological service
(Thomas & Bosch,
No DOI supplied (freely provision. E-Journal of Applied
2005)
available on the Web) Psychology, 1(1), 23-40. Retrieved from
http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap/art
icle/download/4/13
Best, C. T., & Queen, H. F. (1989). Baby it's in

your smile: Right hemiface bias in infant emotional
expressions. Developmental Psychology, 25(2),
264-276. Retrieved from The University of Western
Australia Library Unit Readings.
(Best & Queen, 1989) [Note: This format only applies to articles actually
Unit Readings
housed in Unit Readings. If the full text is in an
external database other rules in this section need to
be applied e.g. the Unit Readings article has a DOI
or the link opens in an external database such
as Education Full Text.]
(Best & Queen, 1989) Best, C. T., & Queen, H. F. (1989). Baby it's in
your smile: Right hemiface bias in infant
emotional expressions. Developmental
Psychology, 25(2), 264-276. Retrieved from
The University of Western Australia
Learning Management System.
LMS
[Note: This format only applies to articles actually
housed in the LMS. If the full text is in an external
database other rules in this section need to be
applied e.g. the LMS article has a DOI or the link
opens in an external database such as Education
Full Text.]
Goodhew, S. C., Edwards, M., Boal, H. L., & Bell,

J. (2014). Two objects or one? Similarity
rather than complexity determines
Journal article online: (Goodhew, Edwards, objecthood when resolving dynamic
Advance publication Boal, & Bell, 2014) input. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Human Perception & Performance.
Advance online publication.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000022
Martínez, M. (in press). Imperative content and the

painfulness of pain. Phenomenology and
(Martínez, in press) the Cognitive Sciences. Retrieved from
In preprint archive
http://cogprints.org/6899/1/Imperative_Con
tent_and_the_Painfulness_of_Pain.pdf
Delgado, M., Suriyagoda, L., Zúñiga-Feest, A.,

Borie, F., & Lambers, H. (2014). Divergent
Delgado, Suriyagoda, functioning of Proteaceae species: The
Journal article submitted
Zúñiga-Feest, Borie, South American Embothrium coccineum
for publication
& Lambers, 2014) displays a combination of adaptive traits to
survive in high-phosphorus soils.
Manuscript submitted for publication.
APA Format Citation Guide
This is a complete guide to APA (American Psychological Association) in-text and reference list
citations. This easy-to-use, comprehensive guide makes citing any source easy
Core Components of an APA Reference:

1. APA Referencing Basics: Reference List
A reference list is a complete list of references used in a piece of writing including the author
name, date of publication, title and more. An APA reference list must:
- Be on a new page at the end of the document

- Be centred
- Be alphabetically arranged by name of first author (or title if the author isn’t known,
in this case a, an and the ,should be ignored)
If there are multiple works by the same author these are ordered by date, if the
works are in the same year they are ordered alphabetically by the title and
are allocated a letter (a,b,c etc) after the date
- Contain full references for all in-text references used
2. APA Referencing Basics: In-Text Citation
In-text references must be included following the use of a quote or paraphrase taken from
another piece of work.
In-text citations are citations within the main body of the text and refer to a direct quote or
paraphrase. They correspond to a reference in the main reference list. These citations include the
surname of the author and date of publication only. Using an example author James Mitchell,
this takes the form:
Mitchell (2017) states… Or …(Mitchell, 2017).
The structure of this changes depending on whether a direct quote or parenthetical used:
Direct Quote: The citation must follow the quote directly and contain a page number after the
date, for example (Mitchell, 2017, p.104). This rule holds for all of the variations listed.
Parenthetical: The page number is not needed.
Two Authors:
The surname of both authors is stated with either ‘and’ or an ampersand between. For example:
Mitchell and Smith (2017) state… Or …(Mitchell & Smith, 2017).
Three, Four or Five Authors:
For the first cite, all names should be listed:
Mitchell, Smith, and Thomson (2017) state… Or …(Mitchell, Smith, & Thomson, 2017).
Further cites can be shorted to the first author’s name followed by et al:
Mitchell et al (2017) state… Or …(Mitchell et al, 2017).
Six or More Authors:
Only the first author’s surname should be stated followed by et al, see the above example.
No Authors:
If the author is unknown, the first few words of the reference should be used. This is usually the
title of the source.
If this is the title of a book, periodical, brochure or report, is should be italicised. For example:
(A guide to citation, 2017).
If this is the title of an article, chapter or web page, it should be in quotation marks. For example:
(“APA Citation”, 2017).
Citing Authors With Multiple Works From One Year:
Works should be cited with a, b, c etc following the date. These letters are assigned within the
reference list, which is sorted alphabetically by the surname of the first author. For example:
(Mitchell, 2017a) Or (Mitchell, 2017b).
Citing Multiple Works in One Parentheses:
If these works are by the same author, the surname is stated once followed by the dates in order
chronologically. For instance:
Mitchell (2007, 2013, 2017) Or (Mitchell, 2007, 2013, 2017)
If these works are by multiple authors then the references are ordered alphabetically by the first
author separated by a semicolon as follows:
(Mitchell & Smith 2017; Thomson, Coyne, & Davis, 2015).
Citing a Group or Organisation:
For the first cite, the full name of the group must be used. Subsequently this can be shortened.
For example:
First cite: (International Citation Association, 2015)

Further Cites: (Citation Association, 2015)
Citing a Secondary Source:
In this situation the original author and date should be stated first followed by ‘as cited in’
followed by the author and date of the secondary source. For example:
Lorde (1980) as cited in Mitchell (2017) Or (Lorde, 1980, as cited in Mitchell, 2017)
3. How to Cite Different Source Types
In-text citation doesn’t vary depending on source type, unless the author is unknown.
Reference list citations are highly variable depending on the source.
How to Cite a Book (Title, not chapter) in APA Format
Book referencing is the most basic style; it matches the template above, minus the URL section.
So the basic format of a book reference is as follows:
Book referencing examples:
Mitchell, J.A., Thomson, M., & Coyne, R.P. (2017). A guide to citation. London, England: My
Publisher
Jones, A.F & Wang, L. (2011). Spectacular creatures: The Amazon rainforest (2nd ed.). San
Jose, Costa Rica: My Publisher
How to Cite an Edited Book in APA Format
This reference format is very similar to the book format apart from one extra inclusion: (Ed(s)).
The basic format is as follows:
Edited book example:
Williams, S.T. (Ed.). (2015). Referencing: A guide to citation rules (3rd ed.). New York, NY:
My Publisher
How to Cite a Chapter in an Edited Book in APA Format
Edited books are collations of chapters written by different authors. To reference a single
chapter, a different format is needed. The basic structure is as follows:
Edited book chapter example:
In the following example, B.N. Troy is the author of the chapter and S.T. Williams is the editor.
Troy, B.N. (2015). APA citation rules. In S.T, Williams (Ed.). A guide to citation rules (2nd ed.,
pp. 50-95). New York, NY: Publishers.
How to Cite an E-Book in APA Format
An E-Book reference is the same as a book reference expect the publisher is swapped for a URL.
The basic structure is as follows:
Author surname, initial(s) (Ed(s).*). (Year). Title (ed.*). Retrieved from URL
*optional.
E-Book example:
Mitchell, J.A., Thomson, M., & Coyne, R.P. (2017). A guide to citation. Retrieved from
https://www.mendeley.com/reference-management/reference-manager
How to Cite an E-Book Chapter in APA Format
This follows the same structure as an edited book chapter reference except the publisher is
exchanged for a URL. The structure is as follows:
Last name of the chapter author, initial(s). (Year). Chapter title. In editor initial(s), surname
(Ed.). Title (ed., pp.chapter page range). Retrieved from URL
E-Book chapter example:
Troy, B.N. (2015). APA citation rules. In S.T, Williams (Ed.). A guide to citation rules (2nd ed.,
pp. 50-95). Retrieved from https://www.mendeley.com/reference-management/reference-
manager
How to Cite a Journal Article in Print or Online in APA Format

Articles differ from book citations in that the publisher and publisher location are not included.
For journal articles, these are replaced with the journal title, volume number, issue number and
page number. The basic structure is:
Journal Article Examples:
Mitchell, J.A. (2017). Citation: Why is it so important. Mendeley Journal, 67(2), 81-95
Mitchell, J.A. (2017). Citation: Why is it so important. Mendeley Journal, 67(2), 81-95.
Retrieved from https://www.mendeley.com/reference-management/reference-manager
How to Cite a Newspaper Articles in Print or Online in APA Format
Author surname, initial(s). (Year, Month Day). Title. Title of Newspaper, column/section, p. or
pp. Retrieved from URL*
**Only include if the article is online.
Note: the date includes the year, month and date.
Newspaper Articles Example:
Mitchell, J.A. (2017). Changes to citation formats shake the research world. The Mendeley
Telegraph, Research News, pp.9. Retrieved from https://www.mendeley.com/reference-
management/reference-manager
How to Cite Magazine Articles in Print or Online in APA Format
Author surname, initial(s). (Year, month day). Title. Title of the Magazine, pp.
Magazine Article Example:
Mitchell, J.A. (2017). How citation changed the research world. The Mendeley, pp. 26-28
How to Cite Non-Print Material in APA Format
How to Cite an Image in APA Format
The basic format to cite an image is:
Image Example:
Millais, J.E. (1851-1852). Ophelia [painting]. Retrieved from

www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/millais-ophelia-n01506
How to Cite a Film in APA Format
The basic format of a film citation is:

Producer surname, initial (Producer), & Director surname, initial (Director). (Year of Release).
Title of film [Motion Picture]. Country of Origin: Studio.
Film Example:
Hitchcock, A. (Producer), & Hitchcock, A. (1954) Rear window. United States of America:
Paramount Pictures.
How to Cite a TV Programme in APA Format
The basic format is as follows:
Writer surname, initial(s) (Writer), & Director surname, initial(s) (Director). (Year of Release).
Episode title [Television series episode]. In Executive producer surname, initial(s) (Executive
Producer), TV series name. City, State of original channel: Network, Studio or Distributor
TV Programme Example:
Catlin, M., and Walley-Beckett, Moire (Writers), & Johnson, R (Director). (2010). Fly
[Television series episode]. In Schnauz, T. (Executive Producer). Breaking bad. Culver City,
CA: Sony Pictures Television
How to Cite a Song in APA Format
The basic format to cite a song in APA format is as follows:
Song Example:
Beyonce, Diplo, MNEK, Koenig, E., Haynie, E., Tillman, J., and Rhoden, S.M. (2016) Hold up
[Recorded by Beyonce]. On Lemonade [visual album]. New York, NY: Parkwood Records
(August 16)
How to Cite a Website in APA Format
When citing a website, the basic structure is as follows:
Author surname, initial(s). (Year, month day). Title. Retrieved from URL
Website example:
Mitchell, J.A. (2017, May 21). How and when to reference. Retrieved from
https://www.howandwhentoreference.com.
Source: https://www.mendeley.com/guides/apa-citation-guide#
Prepared by:
Mr. Felimon P. Brazas Jr., Ph.D
Conforme:
Mr. Emmanuel Varona, MBA

Chair, Department of Accountancy
Mr. Benjamin Reyes, CPA, MBA

OIC – Department of Business Administration
Engr. Rodolfo De Guzman

Chair, Department of Engineering and Computer Studies
Ms. Vivian Rosal

Chair, Department of Hospitality Management
Mr. Matthew Yves Yupangco

Chair, Department of Psychology
Ms. Anita Frisnedi, Ed.D

Chair, Department of Liberal arts, education and sciences
Approved by:
Mr. Benjamin S. Reyes, CPA, MBA

College Dean
Mr. Rexton J. Ching, MBA

Chief Academic Affairs Officer

Student Research Guidelines: San Pedro College of Business Administration KN

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Student Research Guidelines: San Pedro College of Business Administration KN

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SAN PEDRO COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

KnPedro City, Laguna

TITLE IN BOLD AND CAPS EXCEPT FOR Scientific name

A Research Presented to the

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of

NAME OF THE RESEARCHERS

Approval Sheet iii

List of Figures vii

List of Appendices vii

Background of the Study ` 01

Statement of the Problem 00

Objectives of the Study 00

Hypotheses (if needed) 00

Scope and Limitations 00

Significance of the Study 00

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Research Setting (if necessary) 00

First step procedure 00

Second step procedure 00

Third step procedure… 00

Data Gathering and Statistical Analysis 00

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

First Specific Objective 00

Second Specific Objective 00

Third Specific Objective… 00

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Table Title Page

Here’s an APA format of a table

Figure Title Page

Figures represent information in a visual way.

Appendix Title Page

A Map of Study Site (if applicable) 00

B Standard Procedure (if applicable) 00

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Background of the Study

sources should not be older than 10 years ago.

information may be placed in the literature review.

Statement of the Problem

possible your sources should not be older than 10 years ago.

NOTE: Please refer to the APA referencing style

Objectives of the Study

The general objective of your study states what you expect to achieve in general terms.

Specific objectives break down the general objective into smaller, logically connected parts that

systematically address the various aspects of the problem.

To achieve this, the objectives are:

Theoretical Period and Conceptual Framework

interchangeably. But they do not substitute/competing. Rather they are complementary.

Moreover, TF is a broader concept and the foundation upon which CF relies on

ensures generalizability. Both give life to research.

Ricardian theory of International Trade). Hence, TF is testing of available theories. TF provides

the structure in showing how a researcher defines his/her study philosophically,

epistemologically, methodology, and analytically. TF assists researchers in a situation and

demonstrated with a theoretical framework. The TF provides a general representation of

input, process, and output of the whole investigation.

results. There is no significant difference between…

2. Second null hypothesis. The hypothesis should be stated negatively, assuming

negative results. There is no significant difference between…

Scope and limitations

SAN PEDRO COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

the exclusions of the study.

Significance of the Study

include here some of the expected results of your study.

how your findings would give them some benefits.