GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE-----TERM 2----RESEARCH QUESTIONS----

QUESTION SET No._____7_____- STUDENT:______Catherine Chen___.

GRADE & HOMEROOM:______12B____________________.

TOPIC:_____Does slumber take an important place in human health?__

QUESTION AND ANSWER TEMPLATE TO BE COMPLETED BY STUDENT.

1
Question: What is sleep disorders?
Answer: The collective term sleep disorder refers to
conditions that affect sleep quality, timing, or
duration and impact a person’s ability to properly
function while they are awake. These disorders can
contribute to other medical problems, and some
may also be symptoms for underlying mental health
issues.
In 1979, the American Sleep Disorders Association
published the first classification system dedicated to
sleep disorders. Our knowledge and understanding
of sleep health has evolved over the past four
decades. More than 100 specific sleep
disorders have been identified and today’s
classifications use complex methodologies to
categorize these disorders based on causes,
symptoms, physiological and psychological effects,
and other criteria.

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2
Question: What is sleep Apnea?
Answer: Sleep apnea is a common sleep-related breathing
disorder that occurs due to blockage of the upper
airway. People with this condition often wake up
choking or gasping for air. Heavy snoring is another
common symptom. Like other sleep disorders, sleep
 apnea can cause excessive daytime sleepiness and
fatigue, as well as various cognitive impairments.
Most sleep apnea cases fall into two categories.
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3
Question: What is Obstructive sleep apnea?
Answer: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is caused
by a physical obstruction that blocks the
upper airway. This obstruction may be
attributed to large tonsils or adenoids, fluid
buildup from advanced heart or kidney
failure, or genetic syndromes that affect
facial structure such as cleft palate. Obese
people with fat deposits around their neck
are also at higher risk of OSA, and back
sleeping can lead to apnea episodes if the
tongue falls back into the throat. For many
patients, continuous positive air pressure
(CPAP) therapy is the most effective
treatment

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4
Question: What is Central sleep apnea?
Answer: Central sleep apnea (CSA) occurs when
the brain stops sending signals to the
muscles that control breathing, leading to
choking episodes during the night. As with
OSA, obesity is a common risk factor for
CSA. The condition may also affect people
who have experienced a stroke, brain
infection, and other medical problems with
the brain stem, as well as those who take
narcotic painkillers and other sleep-
inducing medications. CPAP therapy is
 often prescribed for CSA, though some
patients find bi-level positive air pressure
(BiPAP) therapy more effective.

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5
Question: Why do we snore and obstructive sleep apnea?
Answer:
During sleep, the space behind our tongue narrows,
and the tissue around it becomes floppy and
relaxed. When air gets forced through as we
breathe in and out, the tissue flutters, making noise
like a flag whipping in the wind.
Snoring happens when the airflow from breathing
causes floppy tissue in the back of the throat to
vibrate.

Obstructive sleep apnea happens when floppy

muscles in the back of the throat relax to the point
where the muscles nearly or completely closes off
the airway. This disrupts sleep and can cause low
oxygenation during sleep.

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6
Question: How mouth excercise help stop snoring and sleep
apnea?
Answer:
Snoring can be a sore subject for bed partners,
roommates, and family members. It can cause
disrupted sleep and may even force some to sleep
 in separate bedrooms.
To avoid these problems, it’s natural to want to
snore less. At the same time, it can be hard to know
which methods to reduce snoring are actually
backed by science.

For people with mild snoring, research has shown

that mouth and throat exercises can help tone the
muscles around the airway so that snoring is not as
frequent or noisy. Likewise, the same mouth and
throat exercises have been shown to improve mild to moderate
obstructive sleep apnea1
 (OSA).
These mouth exercises are also called
“myofunctional therapy” or “oropharyngeal
exercises.”  It is often taught by a trained
myofunctional therapist.

As with any type of workout regimen, it requires time

and effort for these mouth exercises to have an
effect. When done properly, a significant number of
snorers and those with mild to moderate OSA have
reported that these exercises lead to less snoring
and better sleep.

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7
Question:

Who Can Benefit From Mouth and Throat Exercises

for Snoring?

Answer:
The benefits of these mouth and throat exercises
 (“myofunctional therapy”) have been widely studied
in people who snore or have mild to moderate
obstructive sleep apnea. People with obstructive
sleep apnea have the most benefit with
myofunctional therapy when used in conjunction
with a CPAP machine or after surgery.
It is important to note that even for mild snoring,
mouth and throat exercises are not always effective.
Individual factors, like the size and shape of a
person’s mouth, tongue, and throat, may affect how
well these exercises work.

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