Kvantna mehanika 2 - Zadaća

Ajla Karić

27. septembar 2021.

Zadatak 1.
2
Iskoristiti Lagranžijan L = −mc
γ + qA · v − qV za slobodnu česticu naboja q i mase m u elektromagnetnom polju
A
kako bi se pronašla Lorentzova sila, odnosno dokazati da vrijedi:
d
(γmvv ) = q(E + v × B )
dt
[Hint: ∇ (a · b ) = (a · ∇ )b + (b · ∇ )a + b × (∇ × a ) + a × (∇ × b )]

Rješenje:

∂L d ∂L
− =0
∂ x dt ∂ v
d
q(∇ (A · v ) − ∇V ) − (γmvv + qA
A) = 0
dt
d ∂A
A= + (v · ∇)A
dt ∂t
∇ (A · v ) = (A · ∇ )v + (v · ∇ )A + v × (∇ × A ) + A × (∇ × v )
 
 ∂A  = d (γmvv )
q ( A · ∇ ) v + (
 v· )
∇ A

+ v × ( ∇ × A ) + A × ( ∇ × v ) −∇
∇V − −( v· )
∇ A  dt
| {z ∂t}
 | {z }
B
E
d
q [(
A· ∇)
v + v × B + A∇v −
(A· 
∇ )
v + E )] = (γmvv )

dt
0
 
d
q E + v × B + *
A∇ v = (γmvv )
dt
d
q [E + v × B ] = (γmvv )
dt