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3. Diagram 3 shows a flow chart with a series of chemical changes for solid P.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan carta alir tentang perubahan kimia bagi pepejal P.

Diagram 3
Rajah 3

(a) State the name of salt S.

Nyatakan nama garam S terbentuk.

[1 mark]
(b) Write the equation for reaction in process I?
Tulis persamaan tindak balas dalam proses I?

[2 marks]
(c) Suggest a suitable chemical substance to replace zinc.
Cadangkan satu bahan kimia yang sesuai untuk menggantikan zink.

[1 mark]
(d) Describe how crystal of salt S can be obtained through process II.
Terangkan bagaimana hablur garam S boleh didapati melalui proses II.

[2 marks]

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(e) Calculate the mass of zinc that reacted when 50 cm3 1 mol dm-3 nitric acid was used in
this experiment.
Hitung jisim zink yang telah bertindak balas apabila 50 cm3 1 mol dm-3 asid nitric
digunakan dalam eksperimen ini.
[Relative atomic mass/ Jisim atom relatif: Zn=65]

[3 marks]

4. Table 4 shows the pH values of two different alkali.

Jadual 4 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi dua alkali yang berbeza.

Alkali Concentration (mol dm-3) pH value

Alkali Kepekatan (mol dm-3) Nilai pH
Ammonia solution
0.1 11
Larutan amonia
Sodium hydroxide solution
0.1 13
Larutan natrium hidroksida
Table 4
Jadual 4

(a) What is the meaning of alkali?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan alkali?

[1 mark]
(b) Determine the strength of sodium hydroxide solution. Give your reasons.
Tentukan kekuatan larutan natrium hidroksida. Berikan alasan anda.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

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(c) What is the relationship between the pH value and the concentration of hydroxide ions?
Apakah hubungan di antara nilai pH dan kepekatan ion hidroksida?

______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(d) Compare the concentration of hydroxide ions in both solutions.

Bandingkan kepekatan ion hidroksida dalam kedua-dua larutan tersebut.

______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(e) An alkali reacts with an acid to form a solution with pH value of 7. Explain the
concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in the solution.
Suatu alkali bertindak balas dengan suatu asid untuk menghasilkan suatu larutan
dengan nilai pH 7. Jelaskan kepekatan ion hidrogen dan ion hidroksida dalam larutan
tersebut.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(f) Name two other substances used in daily life which have pH value greater than 7.
Namakan dua bahan lain yang digunakan dalam kehidupan seharian yang mempunyai
nilai pH lebih daripada 7.

______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

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5. A student added portions of an acid, HA to a conical flask containing 25.0 cm3 of 0.10 mol
dm-3 potassium hydroxide solution and a few drops of methyl orange. The acid is added until
the end point is reached. Diagram 5 shows the results obtained from the experiment.
Seorang pelajar menambahkan asid, HA ke dalam sebuah kelalang kon yang mengandungi
25.0 cm3 0.10 mol dm-3 larutan kalium hidroksida dan beberapa titis metil jingga. Asid
ditambah sehingga takat akhir dicapai. Rajah 5 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperolehi
daripada eksperimen.

pH

Diagram 5
Rajah 5

(a) Name the type of reaction occurred in the conical flask.

Namakan jenis tindak balas yang berlaku di dalam kelalang kon.

______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(b) State the change in colour of the mixture at the end of the titration.
Nyatakan perubahan warna bagi campuran pada takat akhir pentitratan.

______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

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(c) Name a suitable apparatus used to measure 10.0 cm3 of potassium hydroxide solution.
Namakan satu radas yang sesuai untuk menyukat 10.0 cm3 larutan kalium hidroksida.

______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(d) Write a chemical equation for the above reaction.

Tuliskan satu persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di atas.

______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(e) What volume of acid was needed to neutralise the alkali?

Berapakah isi padu asid yang diperlukan untuk meneutralkan alkali tersebut?

______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(f) Calculate the concentration of acid HA in mol dm-3.

Kira kepekatan asid HA dalam mol dm-3.

[3 marks]

(g) Suggest a way, other than methyl orange, by which the student could follow the pH
changes during the reaction.
Cadangkan satu cara, selain daripada metil jingga, yang mana pelajar tersebut boleh
mengukur perubahan pH semasa tindak balas berlaku.

[1 mark]

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Section B
Bahagian B

1. (a) Diagram 1 shows the flow chart of a series of chemical changes of substance P.
Substance P is green before heating. Solid Q formed is black.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan carta alir siri perubahan kimia pepejal P. Bahan P
bewarna hijau sebelum pemanasan. Pepejal Q berwarna hitam terbentuk.

Diagram 1
Rajah 1

(i) Name substance P, solid Q and gas R. Write a chemical reaction to show the
formation of solid Q and gas R.
Namakan bahan P, pepejal Q dan gas R. Tulis persamaan kimia untuk
menunjukkan pembentukan pepejal Q dan gas R.

[5 marks]

(ii) Draw a labelled diagram of the set-up of apparatus for the chemical reaction of
converting substance P to solid Q and gas R. In your diagram show how gas R is
tested.
Lukis rajah susunan radas berlabel bagi tindak balas kimia penukaran bahan P
kepada pepejal Q dan gas R. Tunjukkan bagaimana gas R diuji dalam rajah
anda.

[4 marks]

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(b) Solution U and V are the products from reactions in Diagram 1.
Larutan U dan V adalah hasil tindak balas daripada tindak balas dalam Rajah 1.

(i) Name the possible cation in both solutions.

Namakan kation yang mungkin bagi kedua-dua larutan.

[1 mark]

(ii) Describe the confirmatory test for the cation mentioned in b(i)
Terangkan ujian pengesahan bagi kation yang dinyatakan dalam b(i).

Your description should include:

● Materials
● Procedure
● Observation

Penerangan anda hendaklah merangkumi:

● Bahan
● Prosedur
● Pemerhatian

[10 marks]

2. (a) Diagram 2 shows two beakers containing pure glacial ethanoic acid and 1 mol dm-3
of aqueous ethanoic acid respectively.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan dua bikar yang mengandungi asid etanoik glasial dan akueus
asid etanoik 1 mol dm-3.

Describe a chemical test to differentiate between the two substances.

Terangkan satu ujian kimia untuk membezakan dua bahan tersebut.

[6 marks]
[6 marks]

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(b) In an experiment, 25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 of sulphuric acid is required to
neutralise 25 cm3 of sodium hydroxide. Write the chemical equation and calculate
the concentration of sodium hydroxide used in this experiment.
Dalam satu eksperimen, 25 cm3 asid sulfurik 0.2 mol dm-3 diperlukan untuk
meneutralkan 25 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida. Tulis persamaan kimia dan
hitung kepekatan larutan natrium hidroksida yang digunakan dalam eksperimen
ini.

[4 marks]

(c) (i) Lead(II) carbonate decomposes when heated as shown in the following chemical
equation.
Plumbum(II) karbonat terurai apabila dipanaskan seperti persamaan berikut.

PbCO3 PbO + Gas A

Based on the above chemical equation,

● state two observations
● explain how you confirm the presence of gas A

Berdasarkan persamaan di atas,

● nyatakan dua pemerhatian
● terangkan bagaimana anda mengesahkan kehadiran gas A

[6 marks]

(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in (c)(i). Then, calculate the
mass of lead(II) oxide formed when 2.67g of lead(II) carbonate is completely
heated.
Tulis satu persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas di (c)(i). Kemudian,
hitung jisim lead(II) oksida terhasil apabila 2.67g plumbum(II) karbonat
dipanaskan dengan lengkap.
[Relative atomic mass/ Jisim atom relatif: C, 14; O, 16; Pb 207]

[4 marks]

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