Hydraulics Components

Lesson Outcome 5 (LO5:CO1)

• By the end of this lesson, student should be
able to identify hydraulic power pack
components
– pump, tank, valves, actuator, motor, piping system
both in graphic and circuit symbols
Examples of hydraulic systems
Basic hydraulic system
Power pack
 Tank/reservoir
Valves Pump

Components of a Hydraulic
System

Actuator Piping system

Power supply/
electric motor
Power Pack
Hydraulics Power Pack
• Consist of three main components
– Reservoir
– Electric motor
– Pump
Reservoir
• Through hydraulic reservoir the hydraulic system is
supply with fluid means that the reservoir stores the
required quantity of fluid.
• The reservoir performs important functions such:
• Dissipating heat through its walls
• Conditioning the fluid by helping settle the
contaminants
• Relief of air from the systems
• Providing mounting support for the
pump and other components.
Reservoir
• A proper tank has the following:
• Baffle plate for preventing the return fluid from
entering the pump inlet
• For maintenance purposes a reservoir should have
an inspection cover
• A filter breather for air exchange
• Level indicator for checking the
fluid level
• Connections for suction
discharge and drain lines.
Reservoir

Inspection
cover
Electric Motor
• Used to drive the hydraulic pump
Hydraulics Pump
• Mechanical device that converts mechanical power into
hydraulic energy.
• Generates flow with enough power to overcome pressure
induced by the load.
• Its mechanical action creates a vacuum at the pump inlet
• Allows atmospheric pressure to force liquid
from the reservoir into the inlet line to the
pump.
• Delivers this liquid to the pump outlet and
forces it into the hydraulic system.
Pump Symbol
Valves
• The control of hydraulic power in hydraulic
power systems is carried out by means of
control valves.
• Types of hydraulics valve
– Pressure control valves (PCVs)
– Directional control valves (DCVs;
direct- and pilot-operated)
– Flow control valves (FCVs)
– Check valves
Actuator
• To drive loads by converting the hydraulic power into
mechanical power.
• The mechanical power delivered to the load is
managed by controlling the fluid pressure and flow
rate, by using various hydraulic control valves.
• The hydraulic actuators are classified into three main
groups according to motion type:
– Hydraulic cylinders, performing linear motion
– Hydraulic motors, performing continuous
rotary motion
– Hydraulic rotary actuators, performing
limited angular displacement
Piping system
• The elements of the hydraulic system are
interconnected by hydraulic transmission lines,
through which the hydraulic liquid flows.
• These lines are either rigid tubing or flexible hoses.
The rigid tubing lines connect fixed nonvibrating
elements, and the flexible hose lines connect moving
parts.
Piping system (cont…)
• Regardless of their simple design, the hydraulic tubes
have an important effect on the steady state and
transient behavior of the system.
• Transmission lines affect system performance in the
following ways:
– Hydraulic friction losses; hydraulic resistance of
lines
– Hydraulic local, or secondary, pressure losses
– Oil compressibility and elasticity of pipe material
Lesson Summary
• In this lesson, we have identified 6 hydraulic
power pack components
– pump, tank, valves, actuator, motor, piping system