‘' it Step 1 of 2 8.001LE Refer to Example 5 in the text book. The change in output current is 1% of the reference current. Alo =( 5) (00 na) Al, =1 pA The output resistance is, VjL _ Vy ( nal Eee Ate rn, =e Allg {20x10°)2 4 (100x10*) 1x10" 100 oF 10° Thus, the value of z is Em] (since, 1) = Inee) Step 2 of 2 Choose the value of the aspect ratio as 10. wv —=10 L W=l0L W =10(5 pm) Thus, the value of W is [50 uml .Stop 1 of6 8.001P Refer to Figure 8.1 from the text book. Consider the expression for the output current. t= thE) Var-vF Substitute 100 pA for Jy. 500 pA/V? for x". 0.5 ym for £ . 5 um for Fy and 0.4 V for ¥, 1004 =4(500 (5H -04) (Yjg~0.4)¢ = 1008 (500 #)| 9: ‘) ? = 2 (Yes -O4) = 5 (Vos -0.4)* = 0.04 Veg -0.4= 0.04 Veg -0.4= 40.2 Step 2 of 6 Solve for the value of Ks Veg -0.4=-0.2 Vg =-0.2404 Veg 20.2.V Or Veg -0.4=0.2 Veg = 0.2404 Veg =0.6V The value of Ves should be less greater than the value of y, for the transistor to operate in saturation region. Hence, the required value of Vg, is 0.6 V - Step 3 of 6 Consider the expression for the drain current J, . 12% -h, Substitute 100 pA for J, . 1.3 V for Vy and 0.6 V for We, . 100 w= 13-06 07 100 p= 22 BR Solve for the value of R 07 Ree 100 4 =7kQ Therefore, the value of the resistor R is Step 4 of 6 The value of the output voltage will be minimum when Vy =Vgg —V, . Hence, calculate the value of the output voltage. Vorin = Ves —Y Substitute 0.6 V for Va, and 0.4 V for ¥, . Vionin =0.6-0.4 =02V Therefore, the minimum value of the output voltage W,., is Step 5 of 6 Consider the expression for the output resistance of the current source r, VIL 4, Substitute 100 pA for J, . 0.5 ym for Z and 5 V/pA for y,’ . , = wi(05n) ” 100 ys -25_ 100 = 25k Therefore, the value of the output resistance of the current source 7,4 is : Step 6 of 6 Consider the expression for the output resistance of the current source ,, in terms of change in output voltage to change in output current. Substitute 0,5 V for AVy and 25 kQ for ry - 0s 25k=— Aly Solve for the value of A, 0.5 Alo 35K =20pA Therefore, the value of the change in output current AJ, iStop 1 of5 8 .002E Write the expression for the drain current of the transistor Q, . Ip, =10 pA Substitute Zp, =10 WA.’ = 200 pA/V?, L, =1 pm and Voy =0.2 V 10x10 = }{o00n104)( (02) 4, =10x10* 10x10* 4 =2.5 pm Thus, the value of MH, is : me Step 2 of 5 Since transistors Q, and Q, are matched, the expression for the current J, is, il Substitute J, =60 WA . Jpep = 10 pA and = 2.5 pm 60x10% = =(ox10* (Fs 3) (since, Z, = L,) 2.5 ®, -(33}{o010*) =15x10* =15 pm Thus, the value of W, is Step 3 of 5 Since transistors Q, and Q, are matched, the expression for the current J, is, a1 (Malls =o re) Substitute J, = 20 WA . Ipgp =10 pA andi, = 2.5 pm. W, ys = *){ — ir = 20x10 = (10x10 (< ) (since, L, = L,) 2.5 me (22)(e0«10+) =5x10% m =Spm Thus, the value of By, is . Step 4 of 5 Equate the expressions of the currents J, and J, (shee “(Bh (2 )om =12.5 pm Thus, the value of WY, is Step 5 of 5 The transistors @, and Q, are matched current mirrors. L 4 Whi) 1 (lL) w, (22) (25 nm) =50 pm Thus, the value of , is [50 wm].Stop 1 017 8 .002P Refer to Figure 8.1 from the text book. Consider the expression for the value of Ves . Ves "Von +V, Substitute 0.3 V for Vein and 0.5 V for V, . Ves = 0.3405 =08V Therefore, the value of the voltage V,, is, 0.8 V - Step 2 of 7 Consider the expression for the drain current, i . jpatonmles Substitute 150 pA for J, 1.8 V for Vy, and 0.8 V for Vag - 1.8-0.8 150 SO p= R 1 150 Hea Solve for the value of R . R= 160» = 6.67 k2 Therefore, the value of the resistor R Step 3 of7 Calculate the value of the change in the output current, Aly . Alp =(10%) In =0.Mp Substitute 150 pA for I, Aly =0.1(150 ) =15 pA Therefore, the value of the change in output current Af, is, 15 pA . Step 4 of 7 Calculate the value of the change in output voltage, AV, AV y =Vy —Vowsn Substitute 1.8 V for Vy and 0,3 V for Vyas, AV, =1.8-03 =15V Therefore, the value of the output voltage AV, is, 1.5 V Step 5 of7 Consider the expression for the output resistance of the current source, 1, in terms of change in output voltage to change in output current. My ta ap Substitute 1,5 V for AV, and 15 wA for Al, 15 Sp =100k2 Ta? Therefore, the value of the output resistance ,, is, 100 kQ - Step 6 of 7 Consider the expression for the output resistance of the current source y,, in terms of early effect and drain current. VAL al Substitute 150 pA for J, . 100 kQ for 7, and 10 V/pA tory’ - 10/1 p)(Z) 150 Solve for the value of J, . 150 1)(100 k’ p= £150 #)(100 &) (10/1 ») =15 pm Therefore, the value of the length Z of the device is, . 100 k= Step 7 of 7 Consider the expression for the output current, Zp . 1 Ww 2 Ip= $aeu)( Ve hy) Substitute 150 pA for Jy , 400 pA/V? for 4,C,, 1.5 pm for £ . 0.8 V for Vos and 0,5 V for ¥, 150 u=2 (400 a(S Jeos- 05) Solve for the value of W - 150 n= 2400 a(S )oe- 0s)" We 2)(150 w)(1.5 ») (400 »)(0.8-0.5)' 450p (400 n)(0.3) _ 450 p 7” Tae0 (008) = 450p “ae =12.5 pm Therefore, the value of width of the device # is, . Ww" it Step 1 of 2 8.003E Write the expression of the output current of a BJT mirror with a nominal current transfer ratio. ¥,-¥, I,=1, sa [ttm cel mal Veg Substitute the nominal current transfer ratio my = 1. 1 ( "a= *u 15 = Ieee] —— |] 1+ oy del Var B Substitute 1 mA for Ipge, 100 for f, 5V for Vy and 0.7 V for Vgp - >) J, =(Ix107) vs =(tx10°)(-5 Jo.08) = 1.02107 =1.02 mA Thus, the value of fy is [1-02 mal. Step 2 of 2 Calculate the output resistance. i = 1x10 =100 k Thus, the value of the resistance #,, is 100 ‘since, desired current mirror 1 = InceStop 1 of6 8 .003P Consider the circuit diagram shown in Figure 1 Ves Ves Figure 1 Step 2 of 6 Notice that the value of ¥,,, in NMOS circuit represents the values of Vg, in PMOS circuit. Calculate the value for the maximum value of the drain to source voltage, Vase: - Vom = Vom —Vss Substitute 1,3 V for Veg and 1.1 V for Wa, - Vosea, =1.1-1.3 =02V Therefore, the value of the voltage Wye is, -0,2 V - Step 3 of 6 The value of the voltage Vygq., should be equal to Vas —V, - Vos =Vas—V, Substitute -0.2 V for Vogue, and -0,4 V for ¥, - 0.2 = V5 -(-0.4) Veg =-0.2-04 Ves =-0.6 V Therefore, the value of the gate to source voltage Vos 8, -0.6 V - Step 4 of 6 Calculate the value of the voltage at the gate terminal, V7, Vg =Veg—Vog BV tVes Substitute ~0.6 V for Vo, and 1.3 V for Ve, . V, =1.3-06 =07V Therefore, the value of the voltage V, is, 0,7 V - Step 5 of 6 Calculate the value of the resistance, R - pete Jue Substitute 0,7 V for Vz and 80 A for Zprp - Therefore, the value of the resistor R , is Step 6 of 6 Consider the expression for the drain current, 4 . 1 Ww Io=S(46u)( )Yae-K) Substitute 80 WA for fy. 80 pA/V? for 4,C,, . -0.6 V for Vas and -0.4 V for V, 1 Ww 80 n= 5(80 »(F)os--oay Ww 2 =3(7)(-06+04) 2 -(Z)-oay L Ww 2=| — |(0.04 (Z}oo Solve for the value of z . als 0 Therefore, the ratio of the width to length * should be ." it Step 1 of 3 8.004E Refer to Figure 7.30 in the text book. Write the expression for the output current of a BUT mirror with a nominal current transfer ratio. 1g = Tees ‘Substitute the nominal current transfer ratio, m=1 (since, I, = 1g, =J5) - 1 %-V, Ig * Ipex| || 1+ ° |r| iz] B Determine the value of Inge - 0.5%10" = pgp 5 (+2327) (since, Vyp = 0.7 V) 14 “100 1 0.5x10? = Iyer| —— (1.026 * w(raa)t ) _f 1.02 s Tue 3 2 V(oseio" ) =0.497x107 Thus, the value of the current Ippp iS : Step 2 of 3 Find the value for current limiting resistor. Rate Fase $-0.7 2007 0.497x10" =8,65kQ Thus, the value of the resistance R is Step 3 of 3 The transistor 2 and 2, must be in saturation to act as current mirror network. Vowin = Veema =03V Thus, the value of Vyas, is Determine the output current for VW, =5 V. 1 Va -V, fo= hae| Tat [12 B =(0497x10") or ( +527) (since, Vag = 0.7 V) 100 =(0497x 19°)( 5; ](.086) =0.529x10° A 0.53 mA Thus, the value of the current J, is .Stop 1 of5 8 .004P Refer to Figure 7.23 in the textbook for the circuit Channel width of transistor Q, is five times the channel width of transistor Q, . W, =H, The transistors have equal channel length. Leak, The output current of the current mirror circuit is, (, (7) a =], a L Substitute Z, for Ly . SH; for Wand 20 WA for Igep in the equation. To = Tree SW, Io = (20x10) * L = (20x10*)(5) =100x10% Hence, the output current is, Jy =100 wAJ - Step 2 of 5 Minimum allowable value of ¥, is equal to over drive voltage. Vo(min)= Vos, = Yor =02V The over drive voltage is, Vor = Vos VY, Vos = Voy + ¥, Vigg = 0.2 + 0.5 =0.7V Step 3 of 5 The drain current in linear region is, CL), neta) (7) Van Ww The condition for nominal value of current is (¢ - Substitute this in the equation. Tree G 1 V— Ves E=Nes 9 20 Y= Ves =0.7V Thus, the output voltage is, Step 4 of 5 The output resistance is, Rergete Tn =—2_ ~ 100x107 =200x10° Step 5 of 5 Write the equation for output resistance. NA =r, =e Renton Al, Rearrange the equation. Substitute 200 kQ for R, and 1 V for AV, in the equation 1 ~ 20x10" =SpA Thus, the change in drain current is, |AJ, Al,Stop 1 of5 8.005E Refer to Figure E7.19 in the text book. Modify the circuit diagram by marking currents as shown in Figure 1. Step 2 of 5 The transistors pairs, (QpersQ)) » (QpersQ,) +--+ (QuersQ,) act as current mirror networks whose collector currents are equal to J, . Apply Kirchhoff current law to the base node of the transistor, Q, oto Ne BB (+N) pot ttte & Step 3 of 5 Apply Kirchhoff current law to the collector node of the transistor Oper - Fase =I +t (+ N)ig Type = 1g + free = Io B bag =| 6529] Step 4 of 5 For a maximum deviation of 10% from the unity, choose the value of Ipge as 1A. Calculate the value of J, for fppe =1.A 10 1g =1-[| — o{(R)0) I,=1-01 1p=09A Substitute J, = 0.9 A in equation (1). fo 1 _ Tse Cz) B oot 1 (1+) oD (14N))_ oso 1 29048) 100 Simpify further. 0.9(1+N) 10 71-09 09 0.9(14 N) =0.1x100 0.94+0.9N =10 Step 5 of 5 Simplify further. 0.9N =10-0.9 0.9N =9.1 91 N=— 09 N=101 The deviation is less than 10%. Choose an integer value such that, W <10 Therefore, the maximum possible number of outputs for an error not exceeding 10% is [9]‘' it Step 1 of 3 8.005P Refer to Figure P7.50 in the textbook for the circuit. Redraw the circuit by representing currents J, and f, as shown in Figure 1. V, 2, Step 2 of 3 The current reference {pep is applied at the drain terminal of transistor Q) . From the circuit, the drain and gate terminals of Q, are connected, which pushes the transistor Q, into saturation region. The gate voltage of transistor Q, is same as gate voltage of transistor Q, Hence transistors Q, and Q, acts as current mirror network The current flowing in the drain terminal of transistor Q, is J, . The relation between Iggp and J, is, 1 _ (#4), Trae (WIL), Here, (WIL), indicates a transistor aspect ratio. (= 2 Step 3 of 3 The current flowing in the transistor Q, is J, - From the circuit diagram, the drain voltage of transistor Q, is equal to gate voltage of transistors Q, and Q, which in tum drives the transistor into saturation region. ‘Since the current flowing into the gate of the MOSFET is zero, the current {, is, Lt, Hence transistors Q, and Q, acts as current mirror network Relation between J, and J, is, Jy _ (WL), 1, ~ (Wi), 2) 4 -(Gak} Substitute f, for J, in the equation. h -( a } h (WL), Substitute (Src for J, in the equation. (Wi), rN a (72), WA), =| Thus, the output current of the circuit in terms of reference current Ippp is. we}Stop 1 of6 8. 006E Refer to Figure 8.12(a) from the text book. Calculate the value of the output current J, To = Agloy Substitute § for A, and 100 pA for Jy . 1,=(5)(100 2) = 500 pA Therefore, the value of the output current J, is 500 A - Step 2 of 6 Calculate the value of the output resistance Ra Rah Ig Substitute 20 V/um for y,'. 40k for Ry, and S00 pA for Jy 20 (2h) 40~2V #2 500 p L _ (40k) 500 y) yu) - 20 L,=1ym Therefore, the value ofthe length £, is [am] . The value of the length Z, is equal to the value of the length J, , therefore, the value of the L, is [um] Step 3 of 6 Consider the expression for the input resistance. 1 R,=— Sm Substitute | ko for Ry, 1 lk=— Smt 1 1k 8m =1 mS Sn = Therefore, the value of the transconductance g,, is | mS. Step 4 of 6 Consider the expression for transconductance g,, in terms of the over drive voltage and the bias current. 2p fan Z Substitute 100 wA for J, and | mA for g,y - m= 2(!00 nH) ‘ov 3-200 “Im Voy =0.2V Vou Therefore, the value of the over drive voltage Voy is 0,2 V - Step 5 of 6 Consider the expression for the transconductance gy - ene Substitute 0,2 V for Voy .1 mA for gy, . 1 pum for L, and 400 pA/V? for 4,.Coy 1m=(400 w(#.}(o2) w= (im)(1 my) += [400 )(02) W =12.5 pm Therefore, the value of the width W, is : Step 6 of 6 Calculate the value of the current gain 4, . p= (till) (W/L) Substitute 12.5 um for W, . § for A, and L, for L, 52 (alt) (20 n/Z,) R, Se (12.54) W,=(8)(1254) W, =62.5 pm Therefore, the value of the width WY isVeep tots 8. 006P Refer to Figure P8 6 from the text book, Identify the volages inthe circuit diagram shown in Figure 1 Val V Va=1V Ss = Vg TV Vg V Stop 2 of 15 Consider the expression forthe vollage. Vega Voom 2h Vesa Substitute 1 for Vas and 0.8 V © Views Vocus =0.8=1 =02V Therefore, the value ofthe voltage Voges i: -0.2 V Step 3.01 15 The value ofthe voltage Voras Should be equal o Vag, =F, . Hence, Vosmms = Vesa Vy Substitute 0.2 V for Fatma: and 0.5 V tor Vy 0.2=V.5, -(-05) Vesa =-02-05 Voy =-07V Therefore, the value ofthe gate to source volage Veg iS. -0.7V - Stop 401 15 Calculate the value of the vollage at the gate terminal, Kes . Substitute 0,7 V for Veg, and 1 V for Vegy 0.7 =03V Therefore, the value of the votlage Ves is, 03 V Step 501 15 Calculate the value of the resistance, ¥, 28k nee Substitute 0,3 V for Veg and 20 pA for Tyee - Therefore, the value of the resistor R is Step 6 of 15 Consider the expression forthe drain current. Iyep (0400) Ya-H} Substiute 20 MA. for Lapp «100 pA/V? 10° 4,Cy 0.7 V 101 Keg. 0.5 um for Zand -0.5 V fr % 20 = (100 o(g 07 (-0.8))" 1 =o Zo rorosy {ele ho Solve for the value of # (Zo 25pm The, he vos oe win Stop 7 01 15 Consider the expression for he drain current, f ho ecal(E)Ya-K) Substitute 100 wA for F,. 100 pa/V? for y,C,, . 0.7 V for Vos . 0.5 pm for £ and -9,5 for y 100 w: = 4100 a(t or-coay 1 (fi )-0 +05)? 2-| (So )o2r [aes 5 009 Solve forthe value ot Fi, m-(2okosn) =25 um Thotetoe, he value ofthe with . Step 8 of 15 Consider the expression for the drain current. J Substitute 40 pA for J. 100 pA/V? fr 4,C, » 0.7 V for Fog . 0.5 ym for £ and 9,5 V for 40 w= 3100 w( ae 7-(-0: s))' o4= (ee) +05) 08: “(roar Solve for the value ot F¥, Bios ») =10 um Therefore, he vai of teat Step 9.01 15 Consider the expression forthe voltage, Vga Voss = "Ves Substitute -1 V for Fas a4 0.8 V 10" Voges =-08-(-1) =08+1 =02V ‘Therefore, the value of the velage Vosexesi6, 0.2 V Stop 10 of 15, ‘The value ofthe voltage Vogu., should 26 equal to Voss —V, Hence, Vrsmes = Voss Yue Substitute 0.2 V 00 Vossnes 2nd 0.5 V for ¥,, 022V% 5-08 Veg 02405 Veus= 07 Therefore, he value of the gale to source vollage Yes, iS, 0.7 V Step 11 of 15, Consider the expression for the drain curert. Zy tanta) %) ar) Substiute 40 wA for J, . 400 wA/V? for 1,Cu. 0.7 V or Hog . 0.5 ym for L and 0,5:V for ¥, y, 40 1 =4(400 y){ Me #2340 Wlosn 1 aes -lo2y 02: (Boar 02 (zt, }foo \(0.7-0.5) Step 12 0f 15, sohe keto ve oH 02 ¥.-(2 jose =6.5 um Therefore, he value of the width W, is, Step 13.0115, Consider the expression for the drain current, Ig te Maca 2\a-nF Substitute 80 pA for J,. 400 pA/V? for u,C,, . 0.7 V for og . 0S um for £ and 0,5 V for 804: 3400 wf \(0.7-0.5)° 1-110 }oar 2s (Soar 2-| (H}ioo Solve forthe value of Ff, ne(eo =Sum Thertore, he vaue ote wlan W's [Sam] Step 14 of 15, Calculate the value of the oulput resistance », of the current source @ Substuie $ V/um for Vi, 0.5 um for L and 100 pA for J - 7, SOS 0) 210% =25iR Therefore, the value ofthe output resistance x, ofthe curent source Q, is. [25RD Stop 15 of 15, Calculate the value of the oulput resistance 1, ofthe current sink Q, Vide 4 ny Substitute $V/um for ¥4, . 0.5 ym for L and 80 pA for Z, - Therefore, the value of the outgut resistance xz, of the current sink , is, [31.25 QQStop 1 of5 8.007E Write the formula for transconductance, gy - Here, #, is the electron mobility C,, is the oxide capacitance x is the width-to-length ratio Ip is the drain current Substitute 387 x10 A/V? for p.C,, . 10 for x and 10x10% A Ip Bae ¥2(387«10*)(10)(10x10°) = 7400x107 = 278.2085x10* A/V 60.28 mA/V Thus, the transconductance g, is [0.28 mA/V, Step 2 of 5 Write the formula for intrinsic gain A, Substitute § 10° W/m for Vj .387%10 A/V? fr 44,C,, 10 for z + 0.36x 10% m for Land 10x10 A for Fy _ (Sx10*) J2(387x10*)(10)(0.36 x 10) a 0x10 _ (5x10*) J1003.104x10°" ~~ 3,16227x107 _ (5x10*)(31.6718x10") 3.16227 x107 0.15835 = 2 3.16227 x10™ =50 VV Thus, the intrinsic gain A, of the CS amplifier is, Step 3 of 5 Determine the transconductance, g, at Ip =100 A - Substitute 387 10% A/V? for pC, . 10 for z and 190x10% A Ip Sn 2(387x10*)(10)(100x10) = f774000x1077 = 879.77x10* A/V 60.88 mA/V Thus, the transconductance g, is |0.88 mA/V| Determine the intrinsic gain A, at J, =100 pA - Substitute 5 10* V/m for V4 .387x10% A/V? fr 44,C,, » 10 for z + 0.36% 10% m for Land 100x10* A fr Ip (510°) (87 10*)(10)(0.36 x 10%)" a vio x 10* (5x10*) /1003.104 x10 10x10 _ (5x10°)(31.6718x107) 10x10° _ 0.15835 10x107 =15.8 V/V Thus, the intrinsic gain A, of the CS amplifier is [15.8 VAV] - Step 4 of 5 Determine the transconductance, g, at J) =1 mA. Substitute 38710 A/V? for pC, . 10 for x and 19° A Ip 2(38710~)(10)( 10°) = 74x10" =27.8x10* A/V =2.78 mA/V Thus, the transconductance g, is [2.78 mA/V] - Su Step 5 of 5 Determine the intrinsic gain A, at Jy =1 mA Substitute 5x 10° Vém for V5.387%x10% ASV? for 44,C,, . 10 for z + 0.36107 m for L and 10° A for fy (5x10*) J2(387x10*)(10) (0.36 x 10+) “ tio" _ (5x10° .{1003.104x10"* 10> = (5x10°)(10.015x107) =5VV Thus, the intrinsic gain 4, ofthe CS amplifier is [5Peseta 8,007F ‘he RCS cure mor nih Cons of vee HDS rans Shown FU 1 Yoo a a2 hoe 4 er i 4 Fiewe 1 spits fective nant wet fie enna anetare y 1D pn (atpteurutntenet acute rat 1 te) 20x10" ooo) 202102) = 200.10 2200 ua Thus. ud ctr of sor PHOS Maneieie Smpseris ‘Tre epee eerie tan re es (ites 24 20) hus, mo cup car oh hi PHOS marae sepaes see fabs ont wth of oe ane anor = 20 om “he stot cura eson oa. caret rats ite t ‘recut caren eterno et aceboy (nt, #1 #2) Tae ms (oom 1040) roxio ono ss0x10" ak ruse cpt curr ot Seq PMOS IMAI Sup sors he estat cureneeerehi er et a nd aa rage eden ot PHS eter Bons oi15 Fetes inal wet ge enna rane = 0 “These caret reson ox cane mie natwak fe el ‘re gotcuren eer or tan ocean (bce, 1, = = 1) wie {toose, M, = 10m) tos10* 4,=(000000°) we) n2sn10¢ 3 uk ‘rus, me ett cert ot serra PMOS Hanae Bop ats “heel curenelaerci fe ta ed ani Pn rere 1, 20x10 colt HO Toate? * Fox (choose, = 20 jm} Thus ugar ote PHOS eri Seen ve posse cases, ouraeen gp ures te ear, Ths, We UA CUTE Fe supsers ‘rye arsisos are dos somone. hn acs ssn ant was wish oar crn ‘linha. Th lors ato e er Tnerbra tecie chemetwith nc tn onacicanestes eng wit 10 jam nd 20 an Weg =10 420 pr 30 pa “Trecho wan of rani = The cotearet is (since, =, = 1) ) —h_ sonot Toxo Sos ante ~toon0' (Set) winaste* =masin “rus, nc ups cter ote POS Mme Sapsens racine nemarwith ro sls once NSE BERG WE 10 ad 0 gh Wg =10 sn 40 ge 250 sen ‘recanne wish omer bers6ie 6 Wy = 20 ym (nce 1, =L) Sup 190115 sty mrt, hue he gpd caret tt EOS nant DA] Bop 1 038 race enamatwith ro sls once ont Berna Wh 20 mand 40 gm Wg #20 ra 40 jon = um “he chao wh of aaron My (ance y= t=) ) oxi ~ (oon a 1667104 166 A ‘Tran mace cre ot ie POG wane FESTA] Se orth aero a pcs cas. tos dent ep ours obi Tr, spt care re (eA, 13533 WA, 0d 1667 Step 2 15 Trectancurentetarancls, (Cent Fae ig =20 om La (aing ny ‘oooh ("Ete iste 1004 0 AA A304 Hn 8 OY 2010" W010 Hono HE Vas 06F 100 ~(50) 301% -06)" fey (g-06y = 12, re-06) 0.0667 Yq 06 «SOO We-agsoases Ne xse0ase6 We -0ssna6v “Thus. sure awe votane (Ve). [eg =ORSHIEY] Bop 18018 For Weg 50 yom (fen SUReI 100d gr OO AMV Ht Hy 50 jam 6 Mag Lyon 9° E208 06 V CH her 7 too ato ~Hoosi09 (28, aay 7 100 ={50)(50)(¥%- 06)" (rn-t6y 9 (re-087 0.08 Sip ort smote %—,~ 96~J00% ¥e-06=02 vy =06402 ve e0av Thus mesoucerogue orage (Vy Pa a gm Le (Malin, ony no $() 09 sues par two x16 ~ Horne 100 = (50)(60} 067 (9-067 = (re-06} -0003 M06 = SOS Mog m0. 18246 ¥og =0640.18248 Vy = 07848 V “thus, the scurte #2 gate votaye (V,.) = [Fp 2078288 V)Stop 1 4 8. 008E Refer to Figure 7.4 (a) in the text book for the common-source amplifier circuit. Write the formula for transconductance g,, of transistor Q, . ole Substitute 387 x10 A/V? for kK. eam for ° and 100x10°A for Ipge - 0.36x 10% = [2(387x10*)(20)(100x10*) = V1.548«10" 25x10" AV =1.25 mA Therefore, the transconductance g,, of Q, is [1.25mA/V] - Sa = p(asraao*)( 22310 7.210% }(to0x10*) Step 2 of 4 The resistance, r,, is, yo i In fat Zale Trex Substitute $x 10° V/m for V4, . 0.36pm forL and 100pA for Ipee he (5x10°)(0.36) ‘ol 100 =18x10° 2 =18kQ Thus, the resistance ry is Step 3 of 4 The resistance, ris, cL noe Tos VAL t= ar Substitute 6x 10° V/m for Vi, , 0.36pm forZ, and 100pA for Ipre _ (6x10*)(0.36) 100 =21.6x10 2 =21.6kO Thus, the resistance y,, is . Step 4 of 4 The vottage gain is, a) Substitute 1.252107 A/V fOr Bai » 18x10? 2 ©F Me ANd 21.6x10? 2 fF hy A,=~(1.25x107)[ (18% 10")|1(21.610°)] _ -g{_(18%10°)(21.6x10°) =-(125x10 eas = -(1.25 10°)(9.8182x 10°) =-123 VV Thus, the voltage gain 4, is [=12.3 V/V] 4,= 8mstep 1 of 13 8.008P Refer to Figure 8.7 from the text book. @) Consider the expression for the current Jys¢ in terms of the current J, Taap = hy = Apply natural logarithm. In(Ieer)=In (I, In (Ieee) =In(1,)+In(e"*” ) ln (Inee )- 1 (15) = +tzin(e) a “Cele Solve for the value of Vag y, =r] Js ‘Substitute 2§ mV for Vy and 19"!7 A for I, Ve = (asm)n( Za) my — ‘Therefore, the expression for the value of Vy. is. (asin Step 2 of 13 Recall equation (1). Vas ~(e5myin{ a.) Substitute 10 pA for Ipge Veg =(25 mya) = (25 m)(27.63) =0.691V Therefore, the value of Vag for the value of the current gee =10 WA |s 0.691 V Step 3 of 13 Recall equation (1). y, = (asmyin( Za ‘Substitute 10 mA for pgp - Vg = (25 myn( 1 2) I = (25 m)(34.54) 0.864.V Therefore, the value of V,g for the value of the current Iger =10 mA is 0.864 V Stop 4 of 13 Write the range of voltage Pye The range of the voltage Vy, i. [0.693 VS Vg, 50.864 V | for te range of the current Pye » 10 HA S Iggy S10 mA Step 5 of 13 Consider the expression for the output current. J, . = tue. 1+0 = Ise The range of the output current is, [10 WA S Jy S10 mA | since. y= Ieee - Stop 6 of 13, (b) Recall equation (1) Ig= 14 & Substitute 100 for 8. ‘Therefore, the expression for the current J, iS ju Step 7 of 13 Recall equation (2). pnt Substitute 10 wA 10° Ipep - peu 1.02 SpA Therefore, the value of the output current for the value of current Iprp =10 nA is, 9.8 WA Step 8 of 13, Recall equation (2). Substitute 10 mA for Lege 10m 1.02 =93 mA Therefore, the value of the output current for the value of current pee =10 mA is, 9.8 mA Step 9 of 13 ‘Write the range of output current. fa, The range of the output current is, [9-8 pA < 7, $9.8 mA | for the range of the reference current, 10 HA S Iggp $10. mA Stop 10 of 13 Recall equation (1). 2 & Sunstitute $0 for B and 10 pA for Iya, - The value of the output current is, Step 11 of 13 Recall equation (1) t= 1m 1+ & Substitute 100 for B and 0.1 mA for Feep 0.1m 2 raed *j00 __olm © 140.02 Ig= The value of the output current is, Stop 12 of 13 Recall equation (1). The value of the output current is, Step 13 of 13 Recall equation (1) ef = 15 & Suostitute $0 for B and LOMA 10F Ipep - The value of the output current is, [9.62 mA.Step 1 of 5 Determine the resistance r,. B nek "8s __100 4x10? =25kQ The input resistance of the CE amplifier is, Rah Therefore, the input resistance R,, is [25 kA]. ~ 1] 8.009E Step 2 of 5 Determine the value ofr, . eld te _ 50 ~ 0.1% 107 =0.5MQ Thus, the value of ri Step 3 of 5 Determine the value of g,, - L Bare a 01x10? © 25x10" =4mA/V Thus, the value of g,, is Step 4 of 5 Determine the value of A, - 4, = ule = 4x 107x0.5 x 10° = 2000 V/V Thus, the value of A, is Step 5 of 5 Determine the amplifier voltage gain. 1 A= 7 8alo _ 4x10? x 05 10° 2 =~1000 V/V Therefore, amplifier voltage gain A_is|-1000 V/V]." it Step 1 of 5 8.009P Refer to Figure 8.7 from the text book. Consider the circuit diagram shown in Figure 1 Figure 1 Step 2 of 5 Consider the relation for the base to emitter voltages for both the transistors Veer =Vae2 Substitute V, u(4) for Vag, and V; u(Ze) for Vee - Ty, ds I ¥, in| 2.]=7, tl i) r (i) r (# at ere fo de =fa Ts: > But Jo nla is equalto m . Hence, la I Therefore, the value of the current Jy, is fo. m Step 3 of 5 Consider the expression for the reference current. Fesp = bey t dy + Ly substitute 42. to d 40 fo Subst "Ly and 0" Ia Toy A fear Test HE tol tog) ode ‘Substitute to for Boy - = 1), fo Jar = (e\va)*4 Ig lim a) Gard e's) Ig _ om ~ 4 Tor pq btm (1) ™ Therefore, the expression forthe curent transfer ratio is | | Tm B Step 4 of 5 Recall equation (1). Jom Teer tol Substitute o for # . tom l+m Tree 14 “T+0 =m To = eget (2) Step 5 of 5 Recall equation (1). Ig _ om Tage telt™ Here, Zp is 10% lower to the value of equation (2) (100% -10%) Ieee mm Jase teltn Substitute g0 for B . 7 = 7.89 Therefore, the value of the current transfer ratio m is | 7.290‘' it Step 1 of 3 8.010E Refer to Figure 8.18(a) from the text book. Consider the small signal equivalent circuit diagram shown in Figure 4 Figure 1 Step 2 of 3 Consider the nodal equation at output terminal. % rsh), Ye (tree eet )Re } =0 vp (1+ en) Ry =— —_ (4+) oO eg) R, Therefore, the value of the voltage v,, is —v, +R, (I+ g.7)R Step 3 of 3 Apply nodal analysis at node 1. 1, +R, Substitute -v, +R) for v, “(l+gan RF +R) (Aisgets ote teno “Ue RAR R (+R) deg) ve Me “Urea eR) ER »,{ G+) (I+z, tk nt, pte Mat 9 nl(+en)R) Rlten)R) eR wy { t® aE pte 2g “lnk R(l+g,07) 5 ging t}siee0 TR R(l+gan)R Lg nt Re ZR) RR) tte) R GC o- Ea me z “( alee) we Rk Vee Ret l+gn tk, The term 2. represents the expression for the input resistance R, of the circuit. +8 ale we Vg RR, Therefore, the expression for the voltage gainis | Re | R+Rk," it Step 1 of 2 8.010P Consider the circuit diagram shown in Figure 4 for the pnp version of the current mirror circuit. Q Q, To Jisr Figure 1 Step 2 of 2 Consider the expression for the current transfer ratio for the identical transistors. Therefore, the value of the current transfer ratio is [0,962 1 _Step 1 of 4 Consider the expression for the input resistance of the CG amplifier at gir, >>I 1 a (1) % Bn Bale Substitute Q for R, - oo Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, =0 is ~ 1] 8.011E Step 2 of 4 Recall equation (1). 1k R,=—+ 8m Bako Substitute r, for R, . Rete Bu Bale Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, = r, is Step 3 of 4 Recall equation (1). Rete Sn Bale Substitute (g.y,)r, for Ry Rat leet Baro +7, 4 mn it iran 1 As g, 7, >>I, itimplies %, >>— . (enr)% Sule 1 =—tr, ™ =f Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, =(gur,)%, i Step 4 of 4 Recall equation (1). Ay x arr Substitute ao for R, . 1 Ratt Bn Bale =+t0 8 =o Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, =00 is | aoStep 1 of 4 Refer to Figure 8.7 from the text book. Consider the expression for the current transfer ratio for the identical transistors. to - Tre 142, Substitute 0 for B and 1 mA for Tepe It Im 142 Therefore, the value of the current J, is. 1 mA - 8.011P Step 2 of 4 Calculate the value of the output resistance y,, . y, = Ton To Substitute | mA for Z, and 90 V for Vy, . fa Tn =90kQ Therefore, the value of the output resistance 7, is, 90 kQ - Step 3 of 4 Consider the expression for the output resistance »,, in terms of change in output voltage and change in output current. ree aoe Substitute 90 kQ. and 10 V-1V for VW, . Aly =0.1 mA. Therefore, the value of the change in current A, i Step 4 of 4 Calculate the percentage change in the value of output current. Substitute 0.1 mA for AJ, and | mA for Jy - = 21m 100 Im = 0.1100 =10% AI,% Therefore, he value of the percentage change in the output current is,Stop 1 of4 8.0125 Consider the expression for the output resistance of the CG amplifier at gur, >> 1 - Rat (Sate)R - Substitute Q for R, . Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, = 0 is cE] . Step 2 of 4 Recall equation (1). Ra =t+( Bale) R, Substitute r, for R, - Ra =% + (Buta )(re) =r (I+ Bat) As g,r, >>. itimplies 1+ 9,7, =g,F, - Rua = (Bare) to Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R=, is Step 3 of 4 Recall equation (1). Rea =% + (Bute) R Substitute (gr,)r, for R, - Rua 21 + (Bale) Bale Me =7,(I+(g.4)') As gar, >>I. itimplies 14(g 7)’ =(gur,) Ra = (eure) Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, = gr, is : Step 4 of 4 Recall equation (1). Reet (Bare )R Substitute oo for R, - Rate+ (Buh, )e =r+0 =o AS g,f, >> 1. itimplies 1+(g4n) = (gr) - Rua = (Bat) %o Therefore, the value of the input resistance at R, =o isStop 1 017 8.012P Refer to Figure P8.12 from the text book. Consider the expression for the output current. 143% VY, To = Tege a! 142 B Assume 0,7 V for Vgg . Substitute $0 V for |¥,|. 1 V for Yq and 59 for 6 po 3-07 1m=Ipge —a- +5 113 = Jeep 2 4G 5041.3 50 = Teer! S042 50 51.3 =, — wn 52) 1 m= Iggy (0.987) Im 0.987 Tyee = 1.014 mA Therefore, the value of the reference current Fyre iS . Jase = Step 20f7 Calculate the value of the collector voltage V, . Vo = Vez Ven Assume 0.7 V for Vig . Substitute 3 V for Ve, . V_=3-07 =23V Therefore, the value of the collector voltage V, is 2.3 V . Step 3 of 7 Calculate the value of the resistance R - rete Fese Substitute 2.3 V for Vp and 1.014 mA fr Tere 23 1014m =2.27kQ Therefore, the value of the resistance R is. Step 4 of 7 Calculate the value of the output resistance r, net nat Substitute 50 V for V, and 1 mA for J, . Therefore, the value of the output resistance r, is, 50 KR - Step 5 of 7 The maximum value of the output voltage occurs for the minimum value of the emitter to collector voltage, that is for the value of ¥,-, =0.3 V . Hence, calculate the value of the maximum value of the output voltage. Vous Vie Voc Substitute 3 V for Veg and 0.3 V for Veg - Vow, =3-0.3 =27V Therefore, the maximum value of the output voltage is Step 6 of 7 Consider the expression for the value of the output resistance », in terms of the change in output voltage and the change in the output current. =e Al, io ta Substitute 50 kQ and 2.7 v-(-5) Vio K. 50k 50k =2745 47 Mo SOK Al, = 0.154 mA Therefore, the value of the change in current Af, is, . Step 7 of 7 Calculate the percentage change in the value of output current. Ag% = 12.100 Ig Substitute 0,154 mA for Aly and 1 mA for Ia - Aig%= AFM 100 =0.154x100 =15.4% Therefore, he value of the percentage change in the output current is.T Step tof 8 .013E Consider the small signal equivalent circuit diagram for the Gommon Source amplifier without load resistance. Neglect the resistance y, in the circuit diagram. + Figure 1 Step 20f6 Apply nodal analysis at the output terminal. ¥ +¥)) teat = 0 wo tle = ¥ Ye gy, =0 " Vz +Vp —Y, + BaMpt, =0 Ya (l+8. ac, “Tee Jay : Ma, Therefore, the expression for the voltage vg, is ——* l+grn Step 3 of 6 Apply nodal analysis at node-1. o (Beans) Bas) he v,(R, (14+ 8.7,)+7%)+¥,(R +n)-¥R, =0 Substitute I+e,r, for v, - (ae Je (near per)en(R +r bw (Re gig }en(Ren)-.8=0 2. ~R,-—2 |= "ee -R} (a xR I+ear, 7) ° te Je(e-gz}-° I+8.r, 1+ gr, “{ “( “aa) ' eit Je I+gur, ! ex I+8nr, +v,(g.7,)=0 v, =v, (ga) y, “2 s-, % Eule Here, “ represents the gain open loop gain A, y 1 4 = -Bnle Therefore, the expression for the gain A, i Step 4 of 6 Consider the small signal equivalent circuit diagram for the Common Source amplifier with load resistance. Neglect the resistance nin the circuit diagram. + Vv; zr Figure 2 Step 5 of 6 Apply nodal analysis at the output terminal. v-(-% +4) % vp (I+ gar )=% ve Therefore, the expression for the voltage vy, is eq] my (+a) “Ulta )R Step 6 of 6 Apply nodal analysis at node-1. anne wv (ep) ao - adecmenjentnen-nnes R, +r, Substitute —Y/___y | Au *%e_ | for y, (esa) * T+ 2,7) ea (iz) merece sn)ouk.=0 (Re+n)(R (1+ 80%)+%))_v(R (+ 8.r) +6) (I+e.n)R, )- (a +u,(R+7%)-v,R, =0 RR (+907, )+nR +R (ltgen)tn , )_ . Tare En alae ie -aoa)eo sRUsee), a |- roars R- + s I+gar, (tau )R, (I+ enr)R Iter, peR(lten) on J-»( ts -n}e0 Tee (lesn)R (ten)R) lite” a Aiea), a (a) (ae “( err re (rs Teer, (rer )R, (eer R, I+gr, 1 (l+earn)R, n) ee Ee ee] »( ¥.(R +(14 B00) R +%)-% (BWR) =O I+gur v.(Ri+(I+ 20 )R +1) =v: (—BateR.) ¥,(R, +R, + BarR, +1 )=V4(-B0r)R v,(R, +R, +(g,8 +1)r,)=¥(-20n)R, Here, the term R, +(g,R, +1)s, is approximately equal to (g,R, +1)r, since g,r, >>1 ¥(R,+(gak, +1) =% (“gare )R, y, R, a Re Re ¥, Here, - represents the gain open loop gain A, . % R, 4-8 Re RAE R, Teer, he expression forthe goin, i a (2.8, +1)r,