Quality of Service

The need of QoS:

Lack of bandwidth (when this happens, queuing or PQ should be used)
Queuing, makes a que in the memory buffer for packets, but when this gets full, it does
something called tail dropping.
Latency (delay) or jitter
Delay <150ms one way for VO-IP (recommended)
Packet Loss

QoS Models:
Best effort (happens out of the box, the device tries its best to deliver the packet)
FIFO is the default QoS.
Integrated services
It geared around RSP protocol used in VO-IP.
RSP send a broadcast message to all devices to make sure that before the call, it has enough
bandwidth.
It reserves a slice of bandwidth.
Differentiated Services (DSCP)
Method of tagging different services on the network.

Classifying traffic:
Identify the types of traffic and decide which one is valuable.
Classify traffic at each layer.
Layer 1 – based on interface or port
Layer 2 – MAC add. (CoS)
Layer 3 – Source/Dest. IP , DSCP, ToS
Layer 4 - TCP/UDP Ports
Layer 7 – based on Applications.

Marking traffic:
Provide customized treatment with minimal impact to network performance.
We just mark the traffic, doesn’t do anything else for the moment.
Layer 2 – frame marking CoS bits (0-7 level marking)
Layer 3- ToS bytes methods: DSCP or IPP
Bits in a bite – 8 bits in a bite

Policing and Shaping

Shaping allows you to set the transmission speed of traffic and queue everything beyond.
Policing allows you to set the transmission speed of traffic and drops everything beyond.

Congestion management:
Queuing happens when congestion happens.
By default, FIFO is used.
Three types of strategy:
Weighted fair (WFQ)
Low bandwidth senders will get priority over the massive bandwidth senders. (not good for VO-
IP)
Class based queuing (CQ)
Decide for each class of traffic how much bandwidth should have reserved.
Priority Queuing (PQ)
Decide what type of traffic has priority.
Low Latency Queuing (PQ – CBWFQ)

To avoid congestion, cisco recommends Weighted Random Early Detection

Decide what type of traffic will be dropped from the que.

QoS configuration:

Create a class-map to classify/identify what type of traffic you want to use QoS.
After that create a policy-map to decide what type of QoS method should be applied.
Decide on what interface should be applied and decide the service-policy.