Ky Thuat Moi Giai Nhanh Bai Tap Hoa Hoc Tap 2 Hoa Hoc Vo Co

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NHA XUAT BAN DAl HOC iÛOC GIA HA NOT
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7 chuyen de hoa v6 ca
- Danh cho hoc sinh Idp 10,11,12 va
luyen thi D H - CD
NHA XUAT B A NDAI H O C Q U O C GIA H AN O I

C. KI THUAl GSAl NHANH 7 CHUVeN HOA VO CO
L6INOIDAU
Cac ban ddng nghidp va cac em hoc sinh than m6'n! CHUYEN ©11: KT T H U A T ©SAI N H A N H
Trdn CO so phan tfch kl luong cac n6i dung kien thiic v^ ki nang nam cAc D^m BAI TJSip y g H A L O G E N
trong khung chuong trinh thi, ca'u true, ma tran d6 thi va cac dang bai tap
thucmg gap trong da thi tuyen sinh dai hoc, cao dang ciia B6 GD - DT, chung A . L I THUYI^T
toi da biSn soan tap sach: "Kithudt moi gidi nhanh bai tap Hod hoc"
1. DAC D I £ M CIJA CAC NGUVfiN T6 HALOGEN
Cu6'n sach mof ra m6t co h6i cho giao vian va cac em hoc sinh nhin
Flo Qo Brom lot
nhan lai mot each sau sac va toan dien cac da thi tuyan sinh DH - CD ki tii
khi ap dung hinh thiJc thi trac nghiem, tilr do giao vian c6 dinh hirdng dung (F) (CI) (Br) (I)
dan cho cac em hoc sinh va miic do kien thiic va cac dang bai tap; con cac ca'u hmh electron 16p 2s^2p' 3s^3p' 4s'4p' 5s^-5p'
ngoai Cling
em hoc sinh se vihig vang, tu tin hom de di tran con duomg den c6ng truong
Ban kinh 0,64A° 0,99A° 1,14A° 1,33A°
Dai hoc ma minh mo udfc.
nguyan tif
Tac gia cung khdng quan gili gam vao eu6'n sach cac phuong phap giai D6 am dien 3,98. 3,16 2,96 2,66
hay, giai nhanh, nham giiip cac em ren luyan ki nang giai nhanh cac dang 3,58 eV. 3,81 eV 3,56 eV 3,29 eV
Ai lire electron
bai tap trong di thi tuyen sinh DH - CD. Cuon sach se la nguori ban d6ng
hanh than thia't vdri cac em hoc sinh trong qua trinh chinh phuc nhiing dinh Nang lugmg ion hoa 17,42 12,97 11,34 10,45
thif nhatl, (eV)
cao vinh quang ciia tri thiic; cuon sach se la tai lieu qui cho cac ban d6ng
nghiep trong qua trinh giang day. Nang luong 159 242 192 150
lien ket (kJ/mol)
Da' cuon sach hoan thian hon, ra't mong nhan duoc su dong gop y kia'n •
Nhiat d6 nong chay -219,6 -101,0 -7.3 113,6
chan thanh ciia cac ban d6ng nghiep va ciia cac em hoc sinh. ("C)"
Chuc cac em dat dirge nhiau thanh tich cao trong cac ky thi sap t6i. Nhiat d6 s6i ("C) -188,1 -34,1 59,2 185,5
Xin tran trong cam cm ! '* Tiang thai (dkt) khi khi long ran
T A C G I A Mau sac luc nhat vang luc do nau den tim
Nhd Sach Kkang Viet xin tran trong giai thieu toi Quy doc gid vd xin long Mui rat d6c Xoc hdi kh6ng miJi
nghe moi y kien ddng gop de cuon sach ngdy cdng hay hon, bo ich hon. Thu xin 4.10-'
gtH ve:
Ham iKong (% s6'
0,02 0,02 3.10-*
nguydn tir)
Cty TNHH Mot thanh vien - Dich Vu Van Hoa Khang Viet.
71- Dinh Tien Hoang, Fhuimg Dakao, Quan 1, TP HCM.
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II. TINH CHAT HOA HOC CUA DON CHAT III. DIÛ cut TRONG P H 6 N G THI NGHlfeM VA S A N XUAT TRONG
F2 Br, I2
C6NG NGHIEF
Vdikim - Tac dung vod - Tac dung - Tic dung vdi - Tac dung Nguyen tac chung: Oxi hoa ion halogenua thanh nguyen tir:
loai tat ca cac kim v<5ri hû he't hdu he't kim loai. vdri kim loai cf 2X" > X2 + 2e
loai (ca A u , kim loai. - Phan umg toa nhiet d6 cao
Pt,...) hoac cin xiic F2 CI, Br, I2
- Phan ihig nhiet It hon clo.
- Phan ling toa toa nhiû tac. Trong Kh6ng dilu che' Cho dung djch H X dSc tac dung vdi chat oxi hoa
nhiet manh nhiet. phong thi (MnO,, PbOj, K C I O 3 , KMn04,...):
nha't. nghiem. 4HX + MnO, X , + MnXj + 2H2O
Trong Dien phan nong Dien phan Sau khi phoi Rong bi^n kh6
2E + nX, > 2EX„
c6ng chay (lOfC) dung dich nudrc bien d^ - ^ t r o
Vdfi hidro Phan ling nS Phan ihig nS Phan ling xay ra Phan ling chi
nghiep. h6n hop NaQ cd m^ng la'y NaCl,
(H2) manh ngay b - khi chia'u a nhiet d6 cao, xay ra a nhiet —^^^'^ > dung
K F + 2HF: ngan: ph^n con lai
ZSZ^C, trong sang hoac dun kh6ng n6. d6 cao, thuan djch c6 Nal.
2Naa + 2H,0 chiia nhidu
bong t6'i. nong. nghich. 2HF ->F2 +H,
NaBr: 2NaI + CI,
-> Cij + H2
H , + X,. 2HX (X: F, Q, Br) H , + I, ^ 2HI I2 + 2NaCl
+ 2NaOH NaBr +CI2 ->
Vdri nude 2F2 + 2 H 2 O 0 -1 +1
2Naa + Br2
(H2O) -> 4HF + O2 X2 + H2O HX + HXO
Phan ling kho dSn tiir CI, d6'n I, 1, Trong phong thi nghiem:
Vdi dung 2F,+ CI, + 2 K 0 H 3X, + 6KOH >
.0
4HX<d) + MnO, • * M n X , + X2 + 2 H , 0
dich ki^m 2NaOH„„,„3, ->KC1 + 5KX + KXO3 + 3H,0
K C I O + H2O 16HX(,, + 2KMn04 > 2 K X + 2MnX2 + X , + SHÔ
->2NaF
+ OF.+ao 3a, + 6K0H

6HX<a) + K C I O 3 -> K C l + 3X, + 3H2O
.0
2NaX + MnO, + 2H,S04(d) - i - ^ X2 + MnS04 + Na2S04 + 2H2O
5KC1
(X la CI, Br, I)
+ KCIO3
2. Trong cong nghiep:
t
+3H2O
Vdri mu6'i Khi F , kh6 khur Khir duoc Br Khu duoc r Kh6ng 2 N a a + 2H2O > C l , t + H^t + 2NaOH
m&ngngin
halogenua duoc Cr, B r , I , I trong trong dung dich: Phan ling. rudrc day:
trong rnu6'i dung djch
xt,t"
nong chay: mu6'i: Br, +2NaI 4HC1 + 0 , <: ± 2C12 + 2H20
F2 + CI, +2KBr 2NaBr +1,
2NaBr + QX.jy^^^) — ^ Br2 + 2NaCl
2NaCl,„^„g (.îj,, ^2Naa
dd
2NaF + O2 + Br, 2NaI + Cl„2(vta All) > I, + 2Naa
Chi the' Kh6ng CO Br, +5a, + 6H,0 i, + 5a,+
hien tfnh
->2HBr03 6 H , 0 ^
khijr
+ lOHQ 2HIO3
+ lOHCl
Nhan xet F2 > C I 2 > Bo > h J
Tinh oxi hoa gi5m dan
4
I V . CAC H I D R O H A L O G E N U A VA A X I T H A L O G E N H I D R I C (HX) V. M U O I H A L O G E N U A
HF HCl HBr HI Mu6'i florua Mu6'i clorua Mu6'i bromua Mu6'i iotua
(CD (Br) (D
Nhidt d6 s6i - D6u tan - Da s6' tan - Da s6' tan - Da s6' tan
19,5 -85,1 4-66,8 -35,4 Ti'nh
(°C) (trir AgCl, (li ij AgBr,
tan (trif CaFj,...) (triif A g l , Hgl,,
D6 tan trong PbCl,,...) PbBr2,...) Pbl,, Mnlj).
1 lit nude Mu6'i Tan, mau Kh6ng tan, Kh6ng tan, Kh6ng tan,
Tan v6 han 500 lit 600 lit 425 lit
(bOPC) AgX. trSng. mau trang. mau vang nhat. mau vang.
Tinh axit Manh hom Manh hon

Phan Kh6ng xay F2 + 2C1 („6ngchdy) CI2 + 2Br-,,,, CI, + 2r„„ ->
cua dd HX Yiru Manh ling vori ra. -> 0 2 + 2F ^ Br2 + 20" I2 + 2a-
HCl HBr
halogen
Br2 + 2r„d) - >
Tac dung
I , + 2Br
vdi dd AgCU AgBri Agli
Khong Phan CaF2 + NaCV,+ 2NaBr„y + SKI + 5H2S04,a,
AgNOj trdng vang nhat vang
iJng vod HiSOiij) H2S04<„ H2SO4,,) -> 4I2 + HjS +
Tdc dung H,S04 250^ C ^ <2.'>0°C ^ Br, + SO, + 4K2Sb4 + 4H,0
voi Si02 SiO^ + 4 H F -> dac r
HJO + Na2S04
Kh6ng phan Ung. HClt+
SiF4 + 2H2O 2HFt +
CaS04 NaHS04
Tdc dung Kh6ng 4HC1,„ + 0,(,, Phan Khong xay ra Khdng xay ra Kh6ng xay ra 2FeCl3 4 2KI
Vdri O2 CU +2Hfi 4HX<,„) + O, (kk) - > 2X2 + 2H2O
phan ung. ling vdd 2Fea, + 1 ,
Tac dung 2HBr + H2SO4 SHI + H2SO4 + 2KC1
v6i H2SO4 Kh6ng phan ling. -> Br2 + 41, + H,S Phan 'Kh6ng xay Kh6ng xet. Kh6ng xet. O3 + 2KI + H2O
dac SO2+ 2H2O + 4ao iJng voi ra. I2 + 2KOH
Nhan xet
HF HCl HBr HI
Tinh axit tang din, tinh khuf tSng dSn
O3
+ 0,
Trang - Quang florit - Mu6'i an NaBr (nude Nal (rong bi^n)...
CaF,,,) + H2SO,4(d) 2Naa„ + PX3 + 3H2O thai tif (CaF,), criolit (NaCl). bi^n)
2HFt + CaSOai
H2S04(a) ^3HX nhiSn (Na3AlF,),... - KCl, CaCi,,
l">400"C ^ +H3PO3
Thuc te: Nhan Kh6ng xay Ag^ + cr Ag^ + Br- Ag* + I" Agli
2Ha + Na2S04
3X2 + 2P + biet ra. ->Aga>l AgBri vang
Diû ch6' va (bang
H2(k)+ CI•'2(k) 6H2O — ^ > trdng vang nhat
san xua't AgN03)
--->2HC1 (k) 6HX +
2H3PO,
RH + CI2 - >
RCl + HCl
7
V I . H O P C H A T C6 O X I CUA H A L O G E N B. C A C D A N G B A I T A P T R O N G D E T H I TUYJ^N S I N H D H - C D
Nudrc Javen C l o r u a vol M u o i k a l i clorat

Dang 1: Xdc dinh chat (halogen, muoi halogenua, kim loqi)
Thanh NaCl + NaClO CaOCU: KCIO3
phan + H2O -1 +1 1 . L i thuyet van d u n g va phuomg phap giai:
CI - Ca - 0 - CI * D6' giai cac bai tap dang nay c6 th^ sir dung cac phuomg phap giai nhanh:
Dieu * C l 2 + 2NaOH„„,„,, * CI, + Ca(OH)„^, . Phuong phap xac d i n h chat dua vao cong thiirc t i n h p h a n tur k h o i : Gia six c6
* 3C1, + 6 K O H — ^
Che NaQ + NaQG chat cho electron la A . Ta c6:
5KC1 + K Q O j + 3 H , 0
+ H2G
+ H2O ke
* Didn phan dung m.
* C I , + Ca(OH), * Di6n phan dung dich -.k
dichNaa(15-20%)
(v6i sOa) K C l 2 5 % a n h i a d6
6 dieu kifenthucmg,
70°C - 75°C.
khdng CO mang ngan. - j f ^ CaOCl, m
* 6C1, + 6Ca(OH), Vay:
+ H2O MA ^ ' ne(cho)
—-> Ca(C103),
+ 5CaCl, + 6 H , 0 Trong do: m ^ : Khd'i lucmg chat A (gam)
Ca(C103)2 + 2KC1 M ^ : Khd'i luong mol chat A (gam)

k: s6' electron do m6t nguyen tir A nhucmg
2KC103i +Caa2
n^ (cho)- s6' mol electron do toan bo luong chat A nhircJng. \
Tinh - Tinh oxi hoa - Tinh oxi hoa - Kem ben nhifit:
+ Dua vao cac dir ki^n bai ra cho, xac dinh diroc cac dai lirong m ^ , k, n^fcho)-
chat manh: manh:
2KCIO3 — ^ + Tinh gia t r i M ^ .
4 N a a O + PbS -> CaOCl, + 2HC1
PbS04 + 4NaCl
2KC1 + 30,T + Tir phan tir khoi xac dinh duoc cha^ cin t i m . f
——> Phirong phap t r u n g b i n h : C6ng thiic tinh nguyfin tir kh6'i trung bmh ciia hai
- La mu6'i ciia ax it - Chat oxi hoa manh:
CaCl, + a, + H2O
ra't y€u: 5 K C I O 3 + 6P -> — = mhh
k i m loai lidn tife'p trong ciing mot nhom A : M
- Trong kh6ng khf
N a c i o + CO, + ao 5KC1 + 3P2O5 ^hh
-^HClO + NaHcbj KCIO3 + 6HC1 -> + Tinh cac luong chat da cho trong bai ra.
2CaOCl, + CO,
KCl + 3 0 , + 3H,0 + Viet phuong trinh hoa hoc (so d6 hoa hoc) six dung k i hi6u trung binh.
+ H , 0 ->CaC03
+ CaCi, + 2HC10 + Tinh dai lucfng trung binh thich hop.
+ Rut ra kd't luan va tinh cac dai luong theo ydu cû.
tfng - Sat trung - Tiy trSng soi, vai, - Thudc n6, ditm.
gia'y. Phuong phap bao toan electron: Trong phan umg oxi hoa khir, t6ng s6' mol
dung - T^y trSng sod, vai, - Diiu che O , trong
gia'y. - T^y u6' chu6ng phong thf nghidm. electron do chat khir cho phai diing bang t6ng s6' mol electron do chait oxi hoa nhan:
trai, c6'ng ranh, h6' E e (cho) = S e (nhan) n , h „ . N , ,ho = n „ h j „ . N , „^,„
rac. Trong do: n^ho- "nhan l^n 'ifcrt la s6' mol nguyen tir chat nhircmg, nhan electron (s6'
- XiJr ly chat d6c, mol nguyen tir chat khir, chat oxi hoa).
tinh che' dSu mo. Nccho. N , „hj„ \in luot la s6' electron m6t nguyen tur chat khir nhuomg, m6t nguyen
tijr chat oxi hoa nhan.
+ Viet cac qua trinh oxi hoa, qua trinh khir (kh6ng cin vie't phuong trinh phan
ling oxi hoa - khir).
+ Dat in, dua vao djnh luat bao to^n electron lap duoc phuong trinh dai s6'.
It. Giai he phuong trinh, xac dinh duoc M => chat cin t i m . .
Q
- Phuong phap bao loan k h o i lucmg: Trong mdt phan ung hoa hoc, tdng khO'i luong Hu&ng ddn gidi
ciia cac cha't san phsim bang long khO'i liromg cua cac chat tham gia phan ling. Trudmg hcrp 1: Hai mudi NaX va NaY dû tao ke't tiia vdfi A g N O , .
Gia sir c6 phan ung: aA + bB cC + dD
Dat cong thiic chung ciia 2 mudi la N a X :
I h e o djnh luat bao toan kh6'i luong ta c6: niA + nig = nic +
NaX + AgNOj -> A g X 4- + N a N O ,
A p dung: Trong mot phan ung, c6 n cha't {ki ca chat phan ling va san pha'm), n6'u
biet kh6'i luong ciia (n - 1) cha't thi tinh duoc khd'i lucmg cua ch&t con lai. (23 + X ) g (108+X)g
* M o t s6' n6i dung cin chu y: 6,03 g 8,61 g '
- Cac k i m loai c6 nhieu hoa tri (Fe, Cr,...) tac dung voi CI2, axit H C l tao ra mu6'i Ta c6: (23 + X ) . 8,61 = 6,03. (108 + X ) X = 178 (khdng c6 halogen nao c6
clorua k i m loai C O hoa t r i khac nhau: ' " " trong t u nhien ma c6 M > 178 => loai truong hofp nay).
2Fe + 3 a . - > 2FeCl3 Tru&ng hop 2: X la flo, Y la clo: i
Fe + 2HC1 -> FeQ, + H , Goi X , y \in luot la sd mol ciia NaF, NaCl. - -
- Cac dung dich mudi halogenua nhu mu6'i clorua, bromua, iotua dû tac dung voi Theo bai ra, ta c6: 42x + 58,5y = 6,03 (1) ' J4 i .
A g N O j , con muoi florua khong tac dung duoc voi dung djch A g N O , :
NaF + A g N O j > khdng xay ra
. NaF + A g N O j : Khong xay ra
NaCl + A g N O j > A g C U + NaNOj
NaCl + A g N O j Agai + NaNOj
NaBr + A g N O j ^ A g B r i + NaNO, y y (mol)
Ta c6: 143,5y = 8,61 y = 0,06 (2)
Nal + AgNO, A g l l + NaNO,
V i vay cac bai tap h6n hop mu6'i halogenua tac dung vdri dung dich A g N O j tao TCr ( 1 , 2) ta c6: x = 0,06; y = 0,06.
ra ke't tiia cSn chia hai trucmg hop d^ giai.
2. Cac t h i d u m i n h hoa: 6,03

Dap an diing la D.
Thidu 1: Hoa tan hoan toan 1,1 gam h6n hop gom m6t k i m loai kiim X va m6t
Thi du 3: Hoa tan hoan toan 6,645 gam hdn hop mudi clorua ciia hai k i m loai
k i m loai ki6m thd Y (Mx < My) trong dung djch H C l du, thu duoc 1,12 lit khi
ki^m thudc hai chu ky ke' tiep nhau vao nude duoc dung dich X . Cho toan bo
H , (dktc). K i m loai X la
dung djch X tac dung hoan toan vdi dung dich A g N O j (du), thu duoc 18,655
A. K. B. Rb. C.Li. D.Na. gam ke't tiia. Hai k i m loai ki6m tren la
(Trich de tuyen sink Cao dang khoi A) A. R b v a C s B. N a v a K C. K va Rb D. L i va Na
Hudfng din gidi (Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang - Khoi A)
Theobaira: nn^ =0,05 (mol) => 0,05<nx^y <0'Umol) Hu&ng ddn gidi
1! - 11 -
:::>ili<MxY < — =^ 11 < M x , Y < 22 K6t tiia la A g C l : sd mol A g C l = = 0,13 (mol) •
0,1 0,05
V i M x < M y => M x < 22 . Trong cac k i m loai kiem chi c6 k i m loai l i t i (Li) c6 K i hieu chung hai mudi clorua la M C I
M = 7 < 22. vay k i m loai X la L i . MCI + A g N O , ^ A g C l i + MNO3
Dap an dung la C.
0,13 <- 0,13(mol)
Thidu 2: Cho dung djch chiJa 6,03 gam hdn hop g6m hai mudi NaX, NaY (X, Y
la hai nguyen to c6 trong t u nhien, d hai chu k i lien tiep thu6c nhom V I I A , sd
=^Mi^,,, = ^ . 5 1 , 1 2 3=>M.15,62^^'^^^'^ ^
hieu nguyen tir < Zy) vao dung dich A g N O j (du), thu duoc 8,61 gam ke't 0,13 l N a ( M = 23)
tua. PhSn tram khdi luong ciia NaX trong hdn hop ban ddu la
Vay hai k i m loai k i ^ m la L i va Na. '
A. 47,2%. B. 52,8%. C. 58,2%. D.41,8%.
Dap an diing la D. ' • ' '
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B)
11
Thi du 4: Di hoa tan hoan loan 6,4 gam h6n hop g6m k i m loai R (chi c6 hoa trj Fe + 2Fea3 > BFeClj
I I ) va oxit cua no cdn viira dii 400 m l dung dich H C l I M . K i m loai R la Dap an diing la A .
A. M g B. Be C. Ba D . Ca
Thi du 7: X la k i m loai thu6c phan nhom chinh nhom I I (hay nhom I I A ) . Cho
(Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
1,7 gam h6n hop g6m k i m loai X va Zn tac dung vdi luong d u dung dich H C l ,
Hudng dan gidi sinh ra 0,672 l i t khi H j ( d dktc). Mat khac, khi cho 1,9 gam X tac dung v6i
T h e o b a i r a : HHCI = 0 . 4 . 1 = 0 , 4 ( m o l ) luong d u dung djch H^SO^ loang, thi thi tich khi hidro sinh ra chua d€n 1,12
lit ( 0 dktc). K i m loai X la
O x i t ciia k i m loai R la R O (R c6 hoa t r i I I ) . K i hifiu chung cho k i m loai R va
A. Mg. B. Sr. C. Ba. D . Ca.
oxit R O la X .
• (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
PTHH: X + 2HC1 RCI2 + . . .
^' ' Hu&ng ddn gidi
0,2 0,4 (mol)
S6 mol k h i H j trong hai thi nghiem: n H 2 = 0,03 (mol); ni^^ < 0,05 (mol).
^ M R . R O = M x = 6 , 4 / 0 , 2 = 32
PTHH: E(X,Zn) + 2HC1 > ECl^ + H,
ViMx=32nen j ^ ^ ^ ^ ^16<R<32
[R + 1 6 > 3 2 0,03 mol 0,03 mol
Trong cac k i m loai hoa t r i I I chi c6 k i m loai M g (R = 24) thoa man. Vay k i m Suyra: M g = 1,7/0,03 = 56,67
loai R la M g . V i Mz„ = 65 > 56,67 => Mx < 56,67 (1)

Dap an diing la PTHH: X + H , S 0 4 (loang) > XSO4 + H^
Thi du 5: Cho 1,9 gam h6n hop mu6'i cacbonat va hidrocacbonat cua k i m loai Ux < 0,05 (mol) n^^^< 0,05 (mol)
k i ^ m M tac dung he't v6i dung dich H C l (du), sinh ra 0,448 1ft k h i ( 0 dktc).
Suyra: M x > 1,9/0,05 = 38 (2)
K i m loai M la
Tilr(l,2)tac6: 38 < Mx < 56,67.
A.Na. B. K . CRb. D.Li.
Trong cac k i m loai nhom I I A chi c6 k i m loai canxi (M = 40) thoa man.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B)
vay X la Ca.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dap an diing la D .
Theobaira: nco2 = 0,448/22,4 = 0,02 (mol)
Thi du 8: H 6 n hop X g6m M3CO3, MHCO3 va M Q ( M la k i m loai k i ^ m ) . Cho
T a c o M h h = 1,9/0,02 = 95 . 32,65 gam X tac dung vijra dii vofi dung dich HCl thu duoc dung djch Y va c6
Suy ra: 2 M + 60 > 95 > M + 61 => 17,5 < M < 34. 17,6 gam C O , thoat ra. Dung djch Y tac dung vdi dung dich A g N O j d u duoc
100,45 gam ket tiia. K i m loai M la
Vay M = 23 (Na).
A.Rb B. Na C.Li D. K
Dap an dung la A .
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Thi du 6: Cho k i m loai M tac dung v6i C I , duoc mu6'i X ; cho k i m loai M tac
dung vdfi dung dich H C l duoc mu6'i Y . Ndu cho k i m loai M tac dung vdi dung
S6 m o l khi CO,: nco^ = I M = o,4 (mol)
dich mu6'i X ta cung duoc mu6'i Y . K i m loai M c6 t h ^ la 2 44
A . Fe. B.Al. CMg. D. Zn. S6' mol ke't tua A g C l : n^gci = 100,45 /143,5 = 0 , 7 ( m o l )
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
Goi X , y , z Idn luot la s6' mol M^COj, MHCO3, M C I trong 32,65 gam X .
Hu&ng ddn gidi Bao toan cacbon ta c6: x + y = 0,4
Trong cac k i m loai da cho, M c6 th^ la Fe. That vay: Bao toan clo ta c6: 2x + y + z = 0,7
2Fe + 3Cl2 y 2FeCl3 A p dung djnh luat bao toan khd'i luong ta c6:
Fe + 2Ha > FeCl2 + H2

13
n i x + niHci = mMCi(Y) + "^002 + " I H 2 0 Thi du 10: Cho 19 gam h6n hop b6t g6m k i m loai M (hoa tri khdng d6i) va Zn
(ti IS m o l tirong umg 1,25 : 1) vac binh dirng 4,48 lit khi C I , (dktc), sau cac
=> 32,65 + 36,5(2x + y ) = ( M + 35,5).(2x + y + z) + 17,6 + 0,4.18
phan ufng hoan toaii thu duoc h6n hop chat rSn X. Cho X tan h6't trong dung
rr> 36,5(x + y ) + 36,5x = ( M + 35,5)(2x + y + z) = 7,85 dich H Q (dir) tha'y c6 5,6 lit khi H , thoat ra (dktc). K i m loai M la
A. Na B. Ca C. M g D. A l
Thay x + y = 0,4;2x + y + z = 0,7 vao, tadiroc: ,
Huatng ddn gidi
0 , 7 ( M + 3 5 , 5 ) - 3 6 , 5 = 22,45 = > 0 , 7 M - 3 6 , 5 x - - 2 , 4 • '-
S6'mol k h i CI, va H , Mn lirot la: n ^ j = 0 , 2 ( m o l ) ; n^^^ = 0 , 2 5 ( m o l )
2,4 + 0 , 7 M " ,,
=> X = Dat X la s6' m o l Z n => s6' mol k i m loai M la 1,25x
36,5 Taco: 6 5 x + M . l , 2 5 x = 19 ( l ) V','
V i 0 < x < 0,4 => M < 17,4 => M = 7 ( < 17,4). Vay k i m loai k i ^ m la L i . Theo nguydn t i c bao toan electron ta c6:
Dap an diing la C. l,25n.x + 2x = 0,4 + 0,5 = 0,9 (2) si
Thi dti 9: H6n horp X chira dong ihbi hai mu6'i natri cua hai halogen lien tife'p
65x + M.l,25x 19 65+l,25M 19
trong bang tuSn hoan. La'y mot luorig X cho tac dung vira dii \6'\0 m l dung TO ( 1 , 2 ) ta c6:
dich A g N O , I M thi thu duoc 15 gam ket tiia. C6ng thiJc phan tijf ciia hai muoi l,25n + 2 0,9
l,25n,x + 2x 0,9
trong X la (cho F = 19; Q = 35,5; Br = 80; I = 127; Na = 23)
=> 25,75n + 38 = 58,5 + 1,I25M
A. NaF va NaCl B. NaBr va N a l
C. NaCl va N a l D. NaCl va NaBr =>l,125M = 23,75n-20,5
Hu&ng dan gidi N 1 2 3
M le 24 le
S6 mol A g N O j : n^gNOj = 0 - ' ("loO •
Ket luan Loai Mg Loai
' Trirorng hop 1: Hai halogen dû tao diroc kfi't tiia v6i A g N O j .
Dat c6ng thufc chung ciia mu6'i la NaX. Gia t r i phii hop la n = 2 => M = 24 (Mg)
PTPU': N a X + A g N 0 3 -> A g X i + N a N O j Dap an diing la C. •>
0,1 -> 0,1 3. Cac bai tap t u l u y e n :

Cku i : K i m loai nao sau day tac dung voi dung djch HCl loang va tac dung vdi khf
^ M . ^ = - - - 1 5 0
0,1 CI3 cho cung loai mu6'i clorua k i m loai?
CI ( M = 35,5) A.Fe B.Zn C. Cu D. A g

108 + X = 1 5 0 = > X = 42 Hu&ng ddn gidi
Br ( M = 80)
K i m loai do la Z n :
Hai halogen la Q (35,5) va Br (80).
vay hai mu6'i trong X la NaCl va NaBr. Zn + 2HC1 >ZnCl2 + H2
Dap an dung la D. Zn + Cl2 >ZnCl2
Trucmg hop 2: Hai mu6'i la NaF va NaCl.
Dap an diing la B. '^
N a F 4 - A g N O j -> kh6ng xay ra
Cha v.- Phan ling ciia cac k i m loai v6i khi CI, va axit H C l :
NaCl + A g N O j AgCl i + NaNOj
FeClj <-^ 5 ^ _ F e - i ^ ^ F e C l . + H,
0,1 -> 0,1 mol
CuCl, «_ ± £ l l _ Cu - t H C ^ Khdng xay ra '
=> "Âgca =0.1.143,5=14,35(gam) ^1.5(gam)
AgCl ^ -C!2_ Ag—^Khangxayra.
loai tnrcmg hop nay.
15
C&u 2: Cho m6t lirong don chat halogen tac dung h6't vdd magie thu dirge 19 gam C&u 4: Cho dung djch chura 6,79 gam h6n hop g6m 2 mu6i K X , K Y (X, Y m 2
magie halogenua. Cung lugng don chat halogen do tac dung h6t vdi nhom tao ra nguydn t<5 c6 trong tu nhifin, 6 hai chu ki lifin tie'p thu6c nhom VIIA, s6' hidu
17,8 gam nh6m halogenua. Kh6'i lirgng don chat halogen da phan ung la Zx < ZY) vao dung dich AgNO, dir thu dugc 8,61 gam kd't tiia. Th^nh ph^n %
A. 8,0 gam. B. 14,2 gam. C. 19,0 gam. D. 7,1 gam. kh6'i lugng ciia KX trong h6n hop ban dû la
Hu&ng ddn gidi A. 34,17%. B. 25,56%. C. 45,68%. D. 89,90%.
Dat CTHH cua don chat halogen la X, Hu&ng ddn gidi
• PTHH: X2 +Mg >MgX2 ' . 'f% Tnrcmg hop AgX, AgY dû k ^ tiia: f
(1) K X + AgNOj ^ AgX + K N O 3 :, VV •- ' S
a mol > a mol
(2) K Y + AgNO, ^ AgY + K N O 3
3X2 + 2A1 > 2AIX3
S6 mol h6n hop KX, K Y = ^'^^ ~ ^'^^ = 0,0264(mol)
a mol > 2a/3 mol 108-39 ^ ^
Theobaira: a.(24 + 2X) = 19
vay: M h h - - ^ ^ = 2 5 7 , 4 ( g / m o l ) = ^ M x , y - 2 1 8 , 4 ( g / m o l ) ' ;
0,0264
^ . ( 2 7 . 3 X ) = ,7,8 =,ll?itl^ = J L =,x=35.5 (a) vay khdng CO X, Y phu hgp.
3 ^ ^ 2.(27+ 3 X ) 17,8 ^
Trucmg hop X 1^ F, Y la CI: AgF tan n6n chi c6 AgCl kd't tiia
Vay halogen do la clo (CU).
Tir (2) ^ s6' mol KCl = s6' mol AgQ = 8,61 : 143,5 = 0,06 (mol)
a=- =0,2 vay: mKci = 0,06 . 74,5 = 4,47 (gam) => m K P = 2,32 (gam)
(24 + 2.35,5)
Vay mei2 =71.a = 14,2(gam). %m(KF) = — x l O O % =34,17%. ' "

^ ^ 6,79
Dap an dung la B. Dap an diing la A.
C&u 3: Cho 1,03 gam mu6'i natri halogenua (A) tac dung vdi dung dich AgNO, du Cau 5: M6t h6n hcyp X g6m 3 muoi halogenua ciia kim loai natri nang 6,23g hoa
thi thu dirge mot kd't tua, ke't tiia nay sau khi phan iJng hoan loan cho 1,08 gam tan hoan toan trong nuoc dugc dung dich A. Sue khi clo du vao dung dich A roi
bac. C6ng thiic ciia mu6'i A la c6 can hoan toan dung dich sau phan ung dugc 3,0525g mu6'i khan B. La'y m6t
A. NaF. B.NaCl. C. NaBr. D. Nal. nua lucmg mu6'i nay hoa tan vao nude r6i cho phan ihig voi dung djch AgNO, du
Hu&ng ddn gidi thi thu dugc 3,22875g ket tiia. Tim c6ng thiic ciia cac muî va tinh % theo khd'i
I no lugng m6i mu6'i trong X.
Sd'molAg: n^ = — - 0 , 0 l ( m o l ) Hu&ng ddn gidi
Gia sii lugng mu6'i khan B thu dugc sau khi cho clo du vao dung djch A chi c6
Dat mu6'i natri halogenua la NaX.
PTHH: NaX + AgNOj > AgXi + NaNOj NaCl-> nâci = - ^ ^ = 0,0522 mol '
58,5 **
'
0,01 < 0,01 (mol)
NaCl + AgNO, A g a i + NaNO, (1)
AgX Ag + -X2 * 3 22875
Theo (1) -> n^^ci = "Aga = -2 = 0,045 mol < 0,0522 mol t
0,01 <- 0,01 (mol)
Do do, mu6'i khan B thu dugc ngoai NaCl con c6 NaF.
1 03 Vay trong h6n hgp X chira NaF, khd'i lugng NaF:
^^Suyra: M^^x = ^ = 103 =>23 + M x - 1 0 3 =^ -80(Br)
niNaF = m B - mNaci = 3,0525 - 0,045. 58,5 = 0,42 (g) ,
vay mudi A 1& natri bromua (NaBr). 0 42
Dap an diing la C. %NaF = ——.100% = 6,74%"'^'*''-»-""''«*"'-»-'"-^*":'^^^
6.23 THiy mji TiwH oiNii Tmm 17
Goi c6ng thiJc chung ciia hai mutfi halogen c6n lai 1^: NaY
S6' mol I2 = ^ : ^ = 0 , 0 2 4 ( m o l )
2NaY + a 2 - > 2 N a C l + Y2 (2)
0,024
T h e o ( 2 ) - > n ^ ^ Y = n N a a =0.045 (mol) > .^ - Theo phirong trinh s6' mol R Q O , =
•"NaY "'x - niNaF = 6,23 - 0,42 = 5,81 (g)
l,086x
R+35,5+16x = R=29,25x~35,5
0,024
Do 66: Y= = 129,11 = 23 + M y ^ M y = 106,11 ' '
0,045 , . yj^ Thoa man vdi x = 2; R = 23, kim loai k i i m la Na; muî \h NaQO^.
-> phî c6 m6t halogen c6 M > 106,11 - » d6 iot. • v ^tf 2. Phuong trinh phan umg nhifit phan mu6'i:
Vay c6ng thiic cua mud'i thiJ 2 Ilk Nal. .0
Dod6c6haitrucmghop: " '« f-*' NaClOj — ^ NaQ + O,
* Tru&ng hop 1: NaF, NaCl vk Nal. Theo phuong trinh s6' mol NaQ = s6 mol NaQOj = 0,012
Goi a, b Mn lugt la s6 mol ciia NaQ Nal # => Kh6i luong NaQ = 0,012. 58,5 = 0,702 g.
^ ^ [58,5a + 150b = 5,81 [ 3 = 0,01027 Cau 7: Cho 50 gam dung dich M X ( M la kim loai ki6m, X 1^'halogen) 35,6% tac
laco: < dung vcri 10 gam dung dich AgNOj thu duoc ke't tua. Loc kfi't tiia, duoc dung
a + b = 0,045 [b = 0,03472 djch nude loc. Bie't n6ng d6 M X trong dung djch sau thi nghidm giam 1,2 ISn so
n i N ^ = 58,5. 0,01027 = 0,6008 (g); niN,, = 150. 0,03472 = 5,208 (g) vdi n6ng d6 ban ddu.
Vay: %Naa = ^ ^ 1 ^ . 1 0 0 % = 9,64% C6ng thurc mu6'i M X la
6,23 A. NaF. B.KI. C. L i Q . D.NaBr. ' •
%NaF = 6,77%; %NaI = 83,59% Hudng ddn gidi
* Tru&ng hop 2: NaF, NaBr va Nal.
r,, , ^• 35,6x50 o , X
Tac6: j l 0 3 a ' ^ 1 5 0 b ' = 5,81_^ ra' = 0,02 Theo bai ra: mMx = = 17,8 (gam)
[a' + b' = 0,045 [ b ' = 0,025 100
,0 - =
M X + AgNO, -> M N O 3 + AgX i
Ttif,^ = 103. 0,02 = 2,06 (g); niN„ = 150. 0,025 = 3,75 (g)
X X X X (mol)
2 Ofi
vay %NaBr = — . 1 0 0 % = 33.07% => m^gx = (108 + X).x; HIMX phin = (M + X).x
6,23
=> mMXc6„i,i = 17,8 -(M + X).x
%NaI = 141-100% = 60,19%; %NaF = 6,74%. => C% M X trong dung dich sau phan ihig la:
6,23
_17,8-(M+X).x ^ 3 5 ^ ^ j2o.(M + X ) =35,6.(108 + X )
C&u 6: Ho^ tan 1,086 gam mu6'i chiJa oxi ciia clo vdi m6t kim loai ki^m vô nude,
6 0 - ( 1 0 8 + X).x 1.2
axit hod dung djch bang axit H2SO4 loang rdi them tiT dung dich K I vao cho de'n
khi kh6ng c6n I , thoat ra thi thu duoc 6,096 gam I2. CQng luong mu6'i trdn dem M L i (7) Na(23) K(39)
nhiet phan hoan to^n sau phan ihig con lai a gam mu6'i. X a (35,5) 12,58 4634,44
1. Xdc dinh c6ng thiic mu6'i? ' (')
MlaLi,Xiaa mu6i M X la L i a .
2. Tfnha?
Dap dn dung la C.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
1. C6ng thiic mu6'i c6 dang RQO, (x = 1 -> 4).
Phuong trinh phan umg:
Rao, + 2xKI + xH,S04 ^ RQ + xlj + xK,S04 + xHÔ
18 19
Dang 2: Xdc dinh luffng chat (tham gia, sdn phdm, cdn Iqi sau phan itng) Hu&ng ddn giai
vd thdnh phan cdc chat trong hdn harp Goi s6 mol Fe304 la x => s6 mol Cu la 3x
1. L i thuy^'t v$n dung va phuong phap glai: T a c 6 : 2 3 2 x + 64.3x = 4 2 , 4 = > x = 0 , l

* Cac phucfng phap giai nhanh duoc sir dung: Fe304 + 8HC1 2FeCl3 + FeCl2 + 4 H 2 O
- Phuong phap bao toan electron: Trong phan ung oxi hoa khu, t6ng s6' mol
0,1 -> 0,2 A.-,J/-' 'rf^
electron do chat khu ciio phai diing bang tdng s6' mol electron do chat oxi hoa nhan:
Cu + 2FcCl, CUCI2 + 2FeCl2 ''"'"'"^ '
S e ( c h o ) = E e ( n h a n ) => iicho-Necho = n„hi:,. N,„h,„
+ Viet cac qua trinh oxi hoa, qua trinh khijf (khong cin vie't phucmg trinh phan 0,1 0,2 • ••••
ling oxi hoa - khir). = > n c u ( d . , - 0 . 1 - 3 - 0 , 1 - 0 , 2 (mol)

+ Dat ^n, dua vao djnh luat bao toan electron lap duac phuong trinh dai s6'. Vay m = mcu (du) = 0 . 2 . 64 = 12,8(gam) •
+ Giai he phircmg trinh, xac djnh cac dai luong theo yfiu ciu ciia bai toan.
Dap an dung la D . ' '' " ''
- Phuong ph^p bao toan khoi luong: Trong m6t phan ung hoa hoc, tdng kh6'i luong
Chu v: +) Fe304 = Fe203.FeO '
ciia cac chat san ph^m bang t6ng kh6'i luong ciia cac chat tham gia phan ung.
+) Tuy Cu kh6ng tan trong H C l , nhung bj hoa tan bod FeCl,.
A p dung: Trong m6t phan ung, c6 n chat (k^ ca chat phan ung va san ph^m),
— —~— t '
ne'u bie't kh6'i luong cua (n - 1) chat thl tinh duoc khd'i luong ciia chat con lai.
Thi du 2: Hoa tan hoan toan 2,7 gam h6n hop X g6m Fe, Cr, A l bang dung djch
- Phuong phap su dung cac cong thurc giai nhanh:
H C l du, thu duoc 1,568 lit khi H j (dktc). Mat khac, cho 2,7 gam X phan ling
+ C6ng thiic tmh kh6'i luong mu6'i clorua thu ducfc khi hoa tan hit h6n hop kim
hoan toan vdi k h i du, thu duoc 9,09 gam mud'i. Khd'i luong A l trong 2,7
loai bang dung dich H C l : m„„,„, = mî^^,^ + ^ I H H J
gam X la bao nhiau?
+ C6ng thiirc tinh kh6'i luong mu6'i clorua thu duoc khi hoa tan h6't h6n hcyp oxit A . 1,08 gam. B. 0,27 gam. C. 0,81 gam. D . 0,54 gam.
k i m loai bang dung djch H C l : m,|„„, = mh4„ + 27,5nHci (Trich de tuyen sink Cao dang nam 2012 - Khoi A)
* M6ts6'chuy: Hu&ng ddn gidi
- Fe304 khi giai bai tap c6 the qui doi thanh: FeO.FeÔj. Theo bai ra: H j j ^ = 0 , 0 7 (mol)
FejO^ + 8HC1 - > 2FeCl3 + FeCl, + 4 H , 0
Goi x , y , z 1 & luot la so mol F e , C r , A l trong X.
Do do h6n horp Cu, Fe304 c6 tha' bi tan hat trong dung djch H C l (Cu khdng tac
=>56x + 52y + 27z = 2,7 (l) 3!:::
dung vdi dung djch HCl nhung bj hoa tan boi dung dich FeClj):
Cu + 2Fea3 CuCU + 2 F e a 2 *) X + dd H Q du:
- M u d i clorua bj oxi hoa boi KMn04/H2S04: Fe + 2HC1 - > F e C l j + H j t Cr + 2HC1 ^ C r Q j + H2 t
IOAICI3 + 6KMn04 + 24H2SO4 5Al2(S04)3 + 3K,S04 + 6MnS04 + 24H2O
X -> X y -> y
- K i m loai Fe (hoac Cr) tac dung voi CU va axit HCl tao ra san ph£m mu6'i clorua
A l + 3Ha ^ AICI3 + l.SHj t
khac nhau: 2Cr + 30, - > 2CrCl3
Cr + 2HC1 CTCXJ + H , z l,5z _ .
2. C a c thi du minh hoa: .; =>x + y + l , 5 z - 0 , 0 7 (2)
*) X + C l , ( d u ) : ' • '
Thidu 1: Cho 42,4 gam h5n hcrp g6m Cu va Fe304 (c6 t i le so mol tuong ung la
3 : 1) tac dung vori dung dich H C l du, sau khi cac phan ung xay ra hoan toan Fe + - C l 2 - > F e a 3 Cr + - C l 2 ^ C r Q j
2 2 3 2 ^
c6n lai m gam chat ran. Gia trj ciia m la
x->l,5x y->1.5y
A . 6,4. B.9,6. C. 19,2. D . 12,8.
\
(Trick de tuyen sink Cao dang khoi A)
A1 + -C12 • AlCl, fhi du 4: D6't 16,2 gam hOn hop X g6m Al va Fe trong khi CI2 thu duoc h6n hop
2 ^ chat ran Y . Cho Y vao nude du, thu duoc dung dich Z va 2,4 gam kim loai.
z—•l.Sz
Dung dich Z tac dung duoc vdfi t6i da 0,21 mol KMn04 trong dung dich
H2SO4 (kh6ng tao ra SO2). Phdn tram khd'i luong ciia Fe trong h6n hop X la
A. 72,91%. ' B. 64,00%. C. 66,67%. ' D. 37,33%.
=>x + y + z = 0,06 (3) (Trich di thi tuyin sink DH khoi B)
Tir (1, 2, 3) =>x = 0,02; y = 0,02; z = 0,02 Hu&ng ddn gidi
• Vay iTiAi/x -0,02.27 = 2,54(g) , , j) ? in Goi X , y l^n luot la s>6 mol Al, Fe phan ling.
Dap an diing la D.
Tac6: 27x + 56y = 16,2-2,4 = 13,8 (l) ' .K,
Theo djnh luat bao toan electron ta c6: '
Thi du 3: H6n hap X c6 khd'i luong 82,3 gam g6m K Q O j , €3(003)2, CaQj va
3(x + y ) = 0,21.5=>x + y = 0,35 (2)
K Q . Nhiet phan ho^n to^n X thu duoc 13,44 lit O2 (dktc), chat ran Y g6m
CaQz va KCl. Toan b6 Y tac dung vira du vdi 0,3 lit dung djch K2CO3 IM thu Tir(l,2) =>x=0,2;y = 0,15.
duoc dung dich Z. Luang KCl trong Z nhiû ga'p 5 15n luong K C l trong X. Khdi lirang Fe trong X nam trong khoang: ' •'
PhSn tram khd'i luong KCl trong X la 0,15.56 <mFe <0,15.56 + 2,4 =>8,4 <mp^ <10,8
A. 18,10%. B. 12,67%. C. 29,77%. D. 25,62%. vay 51,85% < %mpj,/x <66,667%
(Trick dSthi tuyen sink DH khoi A) Dap an diing la B.
Hu&ng ddn gidi Thidu 5: D6t chay hdn hop g6m 1,92 gam Mg va 4,48 gam Fe vdi h6n hop khi
Phuong phap bao toan kh6'i luong: X g6m clo va oxi, sau phan dug chi thu duoc h6n hop Y g6m cdc oxit va
Theo bai ra: = 0,6 (mol); nK2C03 = 0,3 (mol) mu6'i clorua (khdng c6n khi du). Hoa tan Y bang m6t luong vfira dii 120 ml
dung dich HCl 2M, thu duoc dung dich Z. Cho AgNOj du vao dung dich Z ,
Sodd phan utig: X '° > Y + Oj
thu duoc 56,69 gam kd't tia. Phin tram th^ tfch ciia clo trong h6n hop X la
Theo dinh luat bao toan khd'i luong ta c6:
A. 51,72%. B. 76,70%. C. 53,85%. D. 56,36%.
" " Y = m c a a 2 ( Y ) + m K C i ( Y ) =82,3-0,6.32 = 63,l(g) (Trich di thi tuyen sink DH khdj B)
PTHH: CaCI, + K.COj ^ CaC03 + 2 K a i Hu&ng ddn gidi . ^
0,3 0,3 0,6 (mol) Se> mol cac cha't: n^^ = 0,08 (mol); np^ = 0,08 (mol); nna = 0,24 (mol)
• " c a C a i Y ) =0.3.111 =33,3(g)
Goi x, y, z Idn luot la s6' mol ciia Cl2,02 va Ag"^ (tao ra Ag). I*'
=>'"Ka(Y) =63,1-33,3 = 29,8(g)
Cac qua trinh nhucmg nhan electron:
Theo bai ra: ni,^Q^Y)+0,6 .74,5 = Sm^^^^^j Mg-2e->Mg^* f
Fe - 3e -> Fe^*
=> 29.8 + 0.3.2.74,5 = 5.m^ci(x) = 14,9(g) ^
-"KCKX)
a 2 + 2e -> 2cr
vay %m^„(^plii2l!^. 18,10% 0 2 + 4e 20-^ f
82,3 Ag*+ le ^ Ag '
Dap an diing la A. Theo nguyfin tac bao toan electron, ta c6: '^^ ' ' '
0,08.2 + 0,08.3 = 2x + 4y + Iz =>2x + 4y+ z = 0,4 (l)
99 23
2H* + - > H2O O2 + 4e -> 20^"
Hu&ng ddn gidi
3 36
0,24->0,12 0,06 0,12 Theobaira: nci2 = r T 7 = 0,15(mol)
22,4
=>y = 0,06 (2)
K2Cr207 + 14HC1 2KC1 + 2CrCl3 + 3CI2 + 7H2O
Ag* + l e - > Ag J. Ag+ + Cr ^ AgCli
0,05 0,7 <- 0;i5(mol)
z z ( 2 x + 0,24) - > (2x +0,24)
=>a = 0,05; b = 0,7
=> 108.Z + 143,5.(2x + 0,24) - 56,69 Ddp &n diing la A.
=>108z + 287x = 22,25 (3) Thi du 8: Cho m gam h6n hop X g6m FeO,Fe203,Fe304 vao m6t luong vira du
Tiir(l,2, 3) =>x=0,07;y = 0,06;z = 0,02 dung djch H Q 2M, thu diroc dung dich Y c6 ti 16 s6' mol Fe^"" va Fe^^ la 1: 2.
Chia Y thanh hai ph^n bang nhau. C6 can phSn m6t thu duoc m, gam mu6'i
Vay % V c , , h , = % n c , , / h h = - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ = 53,85% khan. Sue khi clo (du) vao phfo hai, c6 can dung dich sau phan ling thu duoc
•^ a2/hh ci2/hh 0,07 + 0,06
m2 gam mu6'i khan. Bid't mj - m, = 0,71. Th^ tich dung djch HCI da dung la
Dap an diing la C. A. 320 ml B. 80 ml C. 240 ml D. 160 ml
Thidu 6: Cin t6'i thiû bao nhidu gam NaOH (m,) va (mj) de' phan ling hoan
tokn vdi 0,01 mol CrQj. Gia tri cua m, va mj iSn luot la Hu&ng ddn gidi
A. 3,2 va 1,065 B. 3,2 v^ 0,5325 Vi Fe304 = FeO.Fe203 => coi h6n hop X chi gom FeO (x mol) va FejOj
C. 6,4 va 0,5325 D. 6,4 vk 1,065 (y mol)
(Trich de thi du bi dai hoc) Ta c6: n^^c\2 = "FeO = x (mol); npecij = 2nFe203 = 2y (mol)
Hu&ng ddn gidi V i ti le s6 mol Fe2+ va Fe^* la 1 : 2
PTHH: =>nFeCi2 :"FeCi3 = 1:2 => X : 2y = 1:2 =>x = y .
16NaOH + 2Cra3 + 3CI2 ^ 12NaCl + 2Na2Ci04 + 8H2O
CI2 + 2FeCl2 2FeCl2
0,08 <- 0,01 ^0,015(mol)
x/4<-x/2 x/2
Vay: m, =mNaOH =0,08.40 = 3,2(g) TheobMra: m j - m , =0,71
"12 ='"ci2 =0,015.71 = l,065(g) 71.x
diû nay tuong duong voi: —'— -0,71
Dap an diing I I A. 4
ChU v.- mat ly thuye't c6 thi c6:
Vay nHci =2x + 6y = 2.0,04+ 6.0,04 = 0,32(mol)
14NaOH + 2CrCl3 + 3CI2 ^ 12NaCl + Na2Cr207 + 7H2O
=^"^ddHa = 0,32/2 = 0,16(1) = 160(ml)
0,07 <- 0,01 0,015(mol)
Dap an diing la
=> m, = 0,07.40 = 2,8(g); m2 = 0,015.71 = l,065(g) Thi du 9: Cho 3,16 gam KMn04 tac dung voi dung dich HCI dac (du), sau khi
phan ling xay ra hoan toan thi s6' mol HCI bi oxi hoa la
Thi du 7: Cdn a mol K^CrjO, va b mol HCI d^ diiu che' duoc 3,36 lit diû
A. 0,10. B.0,16. C.0,02. D. 0,05.
kifin chudn. Gia tri a v l b iSn lirot la (Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
A. 0,05 va 0,7 B. 0,05 va 0,35 C. 0,1 va 0,7 D. 0,1 va 0,35 Hu&ng ddn gidi
(Trich de thi du bi dai hoc) 3J6
Theo b l i ra: n KMn04 = = 0,02 (mol)
158
25
Cdchl: Bao toan electron 3. Cac bai tskp tu luyen:
+7 +2 -1
Mn + 5e CI2 + 2e C&u 1: Cho 2,13 gam h6n hop X g6m ba kim loai Mg, Cu \k A l 6 dang b6t tac
Mn 2a dung hoan toan \cn oxi thu dugc h6n hop Y g6m cac oxit c6 kh6'i luong 3,33
0,02 ^ 0 , 0 1 (mol) 0,1 0,1 (mol)
gam. The' ti'ch dung dich HCl 2M vifa dii d^ phan umg he't voi Y la
S6 mol H Q bj oxi hoa la 0,10 mol A. 90 ml. B. 57 ml. C. 75 ml. D. 50 ml.
Dap an diing la A. (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
Cdchl: Sir dung phuong trinh ion rut gpn: Hu&ng ddn gidi
2Mn04 + I6H+ + lOCF ^ IMn^^ + 5CI2 + 8H2O Ta C O so d6 phan ulig: ^' * •' * ' ' ' '
''^'Pi i,"'- ^ •.
0,02 -> 0,1 (mol) Kimloai+oxi > oxit ..fi:,Z7s iFi i;. .
_,2 5-
= > HHCI (bi oxi hod) = 1^.,- (bj oxi ho4) = 0,10 (mol)
( 0 + 2e > O) ^,,a
Dap an diing la A. Dodo: mîmioai + moxi = m,,,;,
Chu y; Trong phan ung nay, HCl dong hai vai tro: . => m„,i = m„,,i, - mk,^,o,i = 3,33 - 2,13 = l,2g
-1
12
+ Bj oxi hoa (chat khijr): 2C1 -> Clj + 2e
+ M6i tnrcmg (tao mu6'i clorua) => Ho = — = 0,075 (mol) = n 2 v ' '
Do do kh6ng ti'nh diroc luong H Q bi oxi hoa theo phucfng trinh phan ling dang
Qua trinh hoa tan oxit vao dung djch axit:
phan i\X. -2
Thi du 10: Didn phan dung dich CuQj voi difin cue tro, sau m6t thoi gian thu O + 2H" > H.O
, = 2 . n 2 = 2 . 0,075 = 0,15 (mol)
duoc 0,32 gam Cu b catot va m6t lucfng khi X b anot. HSfp thu hoan toan
lugtng khf X tr^n vao 200 ml dung dich NaOH (d nhiet d6 thucmg). Sau phan = > HHCI = n ^+ = 0,15 (mol) ,_
ung, ndng d6 NaOH con lai la 0,05M (gia thie't th^ tich dung dich kh6ng thay
ddi). N6ng d6 ban ddu ciia dung dich NaOH la vay: HO = ^ = 0,075 lit = 75 (ml).
A.0,15M. B.0,2M. C.0,1M. D. 0,05M.
Dap an diing la C .
(Trich De thi tuyen sink Dai hoc khoi A)
Cû 2: Di hoa tan hoan toan 2,32 gam h6n hcpfp g6m FeO, Fe304 v^ FcjO, (trong
Hu&ng ddn gidi
do s6' mol FeO bang s6' mol FeÔ^), cSn diing vita dii V lit dung djch H Q I M .
0,32 Gia trj cua V la
S6 mol kim loai Cu: n^^ - = 0,05(mol);
64 A. 0,08. B.0,16. C.0,18. D. 0,23.
S6' mol NaOH du sau phan ihig: nN,oH(d„) = 0,05.0,2 = 0,01 (mol). (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH khoi A)
^ CuCU > Cu + a, Hu&ng ddn gidi
0,005 0,005 (mol)
V i s6' mol FeO bang s6' mol FcjOj ndn qui d6i h6n hap thanh Fe304 (FeO.FcjOj):
a. 2NaOH NaQ + NaQO + H.O
0,005 0,01 (mol) S6 mol Fe304: np,304 = ^ - 0,01(mol) ^
=> T6ng s6' mol NaOH ban ddu: PTPIT: Fe304 + 8HC1 > FeCl^ + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O
2^nN,OH (bandiu) = HNaOH (p/x) + "NaOH (du) = 0,01 + 0,01 = 0,02 (mol)
0,01 -> 0,08 (mol)
0,02
Vay n6ng do ban ddu ciia dung dich NaOH: CN,OH (ban d4u) = = 0,1M
0,2 Suy ra th^ ti'ch dung djch HCl cSn dung: V,<,„c, = ^ = 0,08 (lit) '
Dap an diing la C .
E>ap an diing la A.
Cau 3: De oxi hod hoan to^n 0,01 mol C r a , th^nh K 2 C r 0 4 bang CI, khi c6 mSt Cau 5: Cho 9,12 gam h6n hop g6m FeO, FcjOj va Fe304 tac dung vdi dung djch
KOH, lirong t6'i thiû va KOH tucmg ling Ik HCl (du). Sau khi cac phan urig xay ra hoan to^n, duoc dung djch Y, c6 can Y
A. 0,015 mol va 0,04 mol. B. 0,015 mol va 0,08 mol. thu diroc 7,62 gam FeClz va m gam FeQ,. Gia trj ciia m la
C. 0,03 mol va 0,04 mol. C. 0,03 mol va 0,08 mol. A. 9,75. B. 8,75. C. 7,80. D. 6,50.
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH khoi A) (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khd'i B)
Hudng ddn gidi Hu&ng ddn gidi
7 62 ' ' ' f -
PTPU": ICrGj + 3 0 , + 16KOH ^ 2K2Cr04 + 12KC1 + 8H,0
SdmolFeQ,: n p ^ a 2 = - [ ^ = *^'06('"°') ^ .-
0,01 mol
Vi Fe304 = FeO.FcjOj, nfen c6 th^ coi h6n hop g6m FeO (x mol) va FcjOj
TheoPTPU": n^^ = - .ncK:i3 = -.0,01 = 0,015 (mol) (y mol).
HKOH = 8- "ocb = 8- 0,01 = 0,08 (mol) v

Theo bai ra, ta c6: 72x + 160y = 9,12 (1)
Vay cin t6'i thieu 0,015 mol CI2 va 0,08 mol KOH. PTPU*: FeO + 2HC1 > FeCU + HjO
X X
Dap an dung la B.
Cau 4: Nung h6n hop b6t g6m 15,2 gam CTJOJ va m gam A l & nhifit d6 cao. Sau FeÔj + 6 H a > 2FeCl3 + 3H2O ^
khi phan ihig hoan toan, thu duoc 23,3 gam h6n hop ran X. Cho toan b6 h6n hop y 2y
X phan ling vdi axit HCl (du) thoat ra V lit khi H2 (6 dktc). Gia tri ciia V la n Feci2 = X = 0-06 (mol) (2)
A. 3,36. B. 4,48. C. 7,84. D. 10,08. TO (1, 2) ta c6: X = 0,06; y = 0,03 (mol)
(Trich Delhi tuyen sink DH - khd'i B)
vay m = m p^ci, = 2.y. 162,5 = 2.0,03.162,5 = 9,75 (gam)
Hudng ddn gidi
15,2 Dap an diing la A.
S6' mol CrÔ,: ncô3 = T T T = 0, '(mol) Cau 6: Cho m gam h6n hop X gdm A l , Cu vao dung dich HCl (du), sau khi V.€x
152
So 6.6 phan ling: A l + CfjOj -> H6n hop sau phan ihig thiic phan ling sinh ra 3,36 lit khi (o dktc). Neu cho m gam h6n hop X trSn vao
mot luong du axit nitric (dac, nguoi), sau khi ka't thuc phan umg sinh ra 6,72 lit
•"0203 + '"AI = nihhsp
khi NO, (san phdm khir duy nha't, do 6 dktc). Gia tri ciia m 1^
=> niA, = mhh,p - m C ^ Q J = 23,3 - 15,2 = 8,1 (g) A. 11,5. B. 10,5. C. 12,3. D. 15,6.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc - khoi B)
=> UA, = — = 0,3 (mol) Hu&ng ddn gidi
PTPLT: Cr,03 + 2A1 > 2Cr + AI2O3 Theobaira: n^^ = ^ =0,15(mol); n^Q= ^ = 0,3(mol).
^ 22,4 ^ 22,4
Saupir: 0,1 0,1 (mol) 0,2 0,1
Sau phan ling nhiet nh6m c6: 0,1 mol A l (du); 0,2 mol Cr; 0,1 mol AI2O3. * X + HCl: 2A1 + 6HC1 > 2AICI3 + 3H2t
X l,5x
; f ; 2 A 1 + 6Ha > 2k\C\^ + 3H2T
ft, 0,1 - 0,15 (mol) Cu + HCl > khdng phan ung , .
Cr + 2 H a > C r a , + HjT = 1,5. x = 0,15 =>x = 0,1 (mol).
0,2 0,2 (mol) * X + HNO3

Zn H2 = 0,15 + 0,2 = 0,35 (mol) Al + HNOjîj, „g„oi) > bj thu d6ng hoa
=> =0,35. 22,4 = 7,84 (lit) . Cu + 4HN03,<,i,) > Cu(N03)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O
Dap an dung la C. y
n NO2 = 2y = 0,3 => y = 0,15 (mol) vay CM(„a, = x/0,1 = 0.05/0,1 = 0.5M.
Dap &n dung la B.
Vay m = niA, + mc„ = 0,1.27 + 0,15.64 = 12,3 (g)
c a u 9: Hoa tan he't 7,74 gam h6n hop b6t Mg, A l b ^ g 500 ml dung djch h6n hop
Dap an dung la C.
H Q I M va H2SO4 0,28M thu dugc dung djch X va 8,736 lit khi H2 (Jb dktc). C6
Chu v: * A l , Fe, Cr bi thu d6ng hoa trong HNO3 dSc, ngu6i.
can dung djch X thu duoc luong mu6'i khan la
Cau 7: Dung dich X chiia h6n hop g6m NazCOj 1,5M K H C O 3 I M . ^fh6 tir tv?
A. 77,86 gam. B. 25.95 gam. C. 103,85 gam. D. 38,93 gam.
timg giot cho de'n hfi't 200 ml dung djch H Q I M vô 100 ml dung djch X, sinh
(Trich Di thi tuyen sinh Cao ddng khd'i A)
ra V 1ft khi (6 dktc). Gia trj cua V la • ,vi'
Hudng ddn gidi
A. 4,48. B. 1,12. C.2,24. D. 3.36.
Theo bî ra: nâ = 0.5. 1 = 0.5 (mol);
^ ^'l ' * ^ (Trich Be thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khd'i A)
nH2S04 = 0.5. 0.28 = 0,14 (mol); nH^ = 8.736/ 22.4 = 0,39 (mol).
Hu&ngddngim
Theo bî ra: nâ = 0,2.1 = 0,2 (mol); n NajCOa = 0,1.1,5 = 0,15 (mol). Ta thafy = "82804 + ^na^ => Axit phan ling v&a he't voi kim loai.
' ' n K H c o 3 = 0.11 =0,1 (mol) ' Sord6: Kim loai+ Axit > mud'i + Hj ''^ ' ,.
Khi nho tir tCr dung djch H Q (H") vao X thi: -
% Na^COj + HCl > NaCl + NaHCO, =>m = 7,74 + 0,5.36.5 + 0.14.98 - 0,39.2 = 38.93 (gam).
0,15 > 0,15 > 0.15 (mol) Dap An diing 1^ D.
Sau phan ling nay, luong HCl con lai la: nâm = 0,2 -0,15 = 0.05 (mol) Cau 10: Cho m gam b6t A l vao c6c chura V lit dung djch NaOH 2M, sau phan ling
hoan tohn cho tiep dung djch HCl vao c6c 66 de'n khi cha't ran tan he't thafy cdn
Do d6. xay ra qua trinh:
diing 800 ml dung djch H Q I M va c6 3.36 lit khi thoat ra (cj dktc). Gia tri cua m
HCO3 + H* > CO:t + H2O va V lin luot la
A. 6.075 va 0.0625 B. 6.075 va 0,2500
0.05 < 0.05 — > 0,05 (mol)
C. 7,425 va 0.0625 D. 3,375 v^ 0,2500
v a y V = Vco2 = 0,05.22,4 =1.12 (lit). Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dap an dung la B. TTieo bM ra: HHCI - 0.8.1 = 0.8 (mol)
c a u 8: Khi cho 100 ml dung djch KOH I M vao 100 ml dung djch HCl thu duot Khi thoat ra la H^: n^^^= 3.36 / 22.4 - 0.15 (mol)
dung djch c6 chiia 6.525 gam chat tan. Ndng d6 mol (hoac mol/1) ciia H Q trong
dung djch da dung 1^ 2Al + 2 N a O H + 6H2O ^ 2NaAI (OH)^ + 3H2 t
A.0.75M. B.0.5M. C. I M . D. 0.25M. X -> x -> x (mol)

(Trich Dim tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
NaAl(OH)^ + 4HC1 NaQ + AICI3 + 4H2O
Huong ddngidi
Theo bai ra: UKOH = 0,1.1 = 0.1 (mol). X - > 4x
Phuong trinh phan ung: KOH + H Q > K Q + HjO 2A1 + 6HC1-).2A1C13+3H2 t

Gia thid't KOH phan img he't => nâ = I I K O H = 0.1 (mol) y ->3y -). l,5y
=> mKc, = 0,1. 74,5 = 7,45 (g) > 6.525 (g). Tu ..v. , r4x + 3y = 0.8
Suy ra, KOH phan irng chira he't (HQ he't. chat tan c6 K Q v^ KOH). Theobairataco:-^ ^ ix> x = 0.125; y = 0.1
[1.5y=0.15
Goi X , y Idn luot 1^ s6' mol KOH phan ling voi HCl va c6n du.
Vay: m = (x + y).27 = (0,125 + 0,l).27 = 6.075(g) J
Theo b i i ra. ta c6: x + y = 0.1 (1)
- i 74.5. X + 56. y = 6,525 (2) V = x/2 = 0,125/2 = 0,0625(1)
Tir (1. 2) ta giai ra duoc x = 0.05. J>5pdndunglaA.
Cty TNHHMTV mvu KhangVift
C&u 11: H6n h<?p M g6m cac kirn loai Cr, A l , Mg, Cu. La'y 50 gam M tdc dung von
dung dich HCl du thu duoc 186 gam mu6'i va c6 3,2 gam chat rSn kh6ng tan. Fe.Oy + yCO - -> xFe + yCOj
Cung la'y 50 gam M tac dung hoan toan vdi khi clo thi thu duoc 199,85 gam
mu6'i. Phin tram khd'i luong cua Cr va Cu trong M l^n luot la 1 y
A. 17,84 va 12,8% B. 20,80% v^ 6,4% 0,15/2y0,075
C. 2,080% va 6,4% D. 30,67% v^ 23,4% =>Vco =0,075.22,4 = 1,68 (1ft) ^ ^
Hu&ng ddn gidi , ,
E)ap an dung la A.
* M + dung djch HCl (du):
cau 13: Nho ttr tir cho de'n het 400 ml dung dich H Q I M vko 200 ml dung djch
Cr + 2 H C l ^ C r C l 2 + H 2
chura d6ng thcri Na^COj I M va NaHCOj I M , kfi't thuc phan ling thu duoc V lit
2Al + 6 H a - ) - 2 A l C l 3 + 3H2 CO2 (dktc). Gia tri ctia V la (cho C = 12,0 = 16, H = 1, Na = 23, Q = 35,5)
Mg + 2 H C l - > M g C l 2 + H 2 A. 4,48 B. 8,96 C. 6,72 D. 2,24
Hudng ddn gidi
Cu + HCl > Kh6ng xay ra.
Theobaira: n^ci =0,4(mol)
=^mc„-3,2(g)^nc„=0,05(mol)
nNa2C03 =0,2(mol); nN,HC03 =0,3(mol)
3,2.100%
'Cu/M -6,4% PTPU': HCl + Na2C03 -)• NaHCOj + NaCf ,
50
* M + Khia,(du): Ban dû: 0,4 0,2 0,2
2Cr + 3Cl2->2CrCl3 Phan iJng: 0,2 <- 0,2 ^ 0,2
2A1 + 3Cl2 2AICI3 Conlai: 0,2 0 0,4
Mg + Cl2 - > M g C l 2
HCl + NaHC03 -> NaQ + CO2 t +H2O
Banddu: 0,2 0,4
C U + C I 2 ->CuCl2
Phan ling: 0,2 -> 0,2 -> 0,2
0,05 -> 0,05(mol)
Vco2 = 0,2 . 22,4 = 4,48 (lit) •
Ta tha'y: m c u c i j + "^Crcij - mcrCi2 = '^^,85 -186
Dap an diing la A.
=> 0,05.135+ ncr(l58,5-123) = 13,85 =:>ncr =0,2 cau 14: Cho 4,41 gam KjCr.O, vao dung djch HCl dSc, dir. Th^ tich khi thoat ra {b
m c , = 0,2.52 = 10,4{g) dktc) sau khi ka't thuc phan ling la
10,4.100% = 20,8% A. 1,008 lit B. 0,336 lit C. 1,344 lit D. 0,672 lit
>%m'Cr/M
50 Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dap an diing la B. 4,41
Theo bki ra: n.
'K2Cr207 " = 0,015 (mol)
Cau 12: Hoa tan het 4 gam oxit Fe.Oy c^n diing 52,14 ml dung dich HCl 10%
(d = 1,05 gam/ml). Dd' khii hoa hoan toan 4 gam oxit sat nay dn it nha't th^ tfch PTPU:
khi CO (dktc) la (cho H = 1, CI = 35,5, O = 16, C = 12, Fe = 56) K2Cr207 + 14HCI -> 2KC1 + 2Cra3 + 3CI2 + 7H2O
A. 1,68 lit B. 1,24 lit C. 0,056 lit D. 1,545 lit
0,015 -> 0,045 (mol)
Huamg ddn gidi
^ ... 52,14.1,05.10 =>Vc,2 =0,045.22,4 = 1,008 (lit)
Theobaira: n^î^—r::r^:7-7—=0,15(mol)
100.36,5 fâp an dung la A.
PTPlT: FeÔy + 2yHCl xFeCl2y/, + yH20 15: Hoa hat 2,32 gam h6n hop FeO, Fe304, FeÔ, (trong d6 FeO, Fc.O, c6 s6'
"lol bang nhau) trong 80 ml dung djch HCl I M thu duoc dung djch X. Cho X
1 2y
tac dung voi dung dich AgNOj du thi thu duoc bao nhieu gam chat kh6ng tan?
0,15/2y 0,15
^•16,80 B. 11,48 C. 1,08 D. 12,56
Huang ddn gidi prPlT: CrjOj +6HC1 ^ 2CrCl3 + 3 H 2 O
V i npeo = npejOa ^ Co' h6n hop la Fe304 (FeO.FePj). X 6x 2x
CuO + 2HCl->-CuCl2 + H 2 O J, , ,
"Fe304 - •^'"^^ =0,01(mol); HHCI =0,08(mol)
y ^ 2y y
PTPLT: Fe304+8HCl-^2FeCl3 + F e C l 2 + 4 H 2 0 Fe304 +8HCl->2FeCl3 +FeCl2 + 4 H 2 O
0,01 0,08 -> 0,02 ->0,01 z ^ 8z 2z z
^ =>nFea3 =0.02(mol); npecij =O.OKmol) Dung djch Y g6m: 2x mol CrClj; y mol CuQj 2z mol FeQj; z mol FeClj.
Y + Ni:
FeCl3+3AgN03 >3AgCl I+Fe(N03)3 Ni + 2FeCl3-).2FeCl2+NiCl2
, , 0,02 > 0,06 (mol) z/2 <-z ''• '
y FeCl2 + 3AgN03 —^>2AgCl i +Ag i +Fe(N03)3 Ni +CUCI2 >Cu + N i C l 2
0,01 > 0,02 -> 0,01 (mol) y/2<-y/2
. Vay, kh6'i luong chat khdng tan: Theo bai ra, ta c6: 6x + 12y + 87 = 1,1 => 3x + y +,4z = 0,55 (1)
^ m = mAgci +mAg =(0,06 + 0,02).143,5 + 0,01.108-12,56(gam) z/2+ y/2 = 0,05 => z + y = 0,1 (2)
Dap an dung la D. CAn tinh: m=mcK:i3 +mcua2 +'"FeCi3 +'"FeCi2 "
Cû 16: Cho 17,5 gam h6n hop A l , Zn, Fe tac dung hoan toan vdi dung dich HCl
du thu diroc dung djch X va V lit H , (dktc). C6 can dung djch X thu duoc 53 =>m = 158,5+ 135.^+162,5.7+127.-
2 2
gam mu6'i khan. VSy gia tri cua V la
=>m = 158,5x +67,5y + 226z. v
A. 8,96 B.5,60 C. 11,2 D. 6,72
Hit&ng ddn gidi =>m=67,5(y + z)+158,5(x + z) (3)
Sodd: MCL -)-M"++nCr TO (1, 2) vao (3) duoc: m = 67,5.0,1+ 158,5.0,15=30,525(gam)

Dap an diing 1^ A.
Cau 18: Kh6i luong t6'i thiû NaOH Q , d^ oxi hoa hoan t o ^ vdd 0,» ' ;nol
> =>53 = 17,5 + m„o,„,
NaCrOz thanh Na2Cr041^ luot la
=> nioiorua = 53 - 17,5 = 35,5 (g) ^ n^^_ = l(mol)
A. 1.6gva l,065g. B. 3,2 g va 2,13 g.
2H++2e ^HjT C. 1,2 gva 1,065 g. D. 1,6 g v^ 2,13 g.
HCl ->H^+cr
Hu&ng ddn gidi
1 <-l(mol) 1 ->0,5(mol) PTHH:
' vay V = 0,5 .22,4= 11,2 (1ft) 2NaCr02 + ^Clj + 8 N a O H - > 2Na2Cr04 + 6NaCl + 4 H 2 O
Dap an dung la C .
0,01 -> 0,015-> 0,04 (mol)
Cau 17: D^ hoa tan hat h6n hop X g6m CrÔj, CuO, Fe304 cin vira du 550 ml dung
djch HCl 2M, sau phan ling thu duoc dung dich Y. M6t nijfa dung dich Y tha'y mNaOH = 0,04.40 = l,6g; m p j = 0,015.71 = l,065g ^ ^
hoa tan he't t6'i da 2,9 gam b6t Ni. C6 can nifa dung dich Y con lai thi thu duofc E)ap an diing la A.
bao nhiau gam mu6'i khan? Cau 19: Ho^ tan hoan to^n m gam h6n hop g6m Na, Ba, K vô nu6c thu duoc x
A. 30,525 gam B. 30,8 gam C. 61,6 gam D. 61,05 gam gam khi H,. Ne'u cho m gam h6n hop trfen tic dung vdd dung djch H Q du, r6i c6
Hu&ng ddn gidi can dung djch sau phan ling thi khd'i luong mud'i khan thu duoc 1^
Theo bki ra: HHCI =1,1 (mol); =0,05 (mol) A. (m + 17x)gam B. (m + 35,5x)gam
Goi X , y, z \in luot la s6' mol ciia CrjOj, CuO, Fe304 c6 trong h6n hop X. C. (m + 142x)gam D. (m + 17,75x)gam ,,
35
Ttnwaat mm gtat nhann BTH0irn^srTap7 -Timtanli Toan
f)iiu ch6 cac hop chat c6 oxi ciia clo:

Hu&ng ddn gidi
K i hifiu Chung ba kim loai 1^ M (hoa trj chung 1^ n). CI2 + 2NaOH(,„j„g) > NaQ + N a Q O + H2O
0 2 + Ca(OH)2(b«„ > CaOClj + H2O

M + n H j O ^ M (OH)^ + f " 2 '^
302 + 6KOH — ^ 5KC1 + K O O j + 3H2O
M + nHa^Ma„+|H2 t •
6 0 2 + 6Ca(OH)2 — ^ € 3 ( 0 0 3 ) 2 + 5 C a a 2 + 6H2O
Lufong H2 sinh ra trong 2 phan ihig n^y bling nhau.
2. C a c thi d u m i n h hoa:
2 X
'rhidu I Chat diing d ^ 1 ^ kh6 khi 0 2 im \h
Vay kh6i lucmg mudl thu duoc: mî^ ,„,i + m.^™. = m + 35,5x (g) A . NajSOj khan. B. dung dich H2SO4 dam dac.
Dap an dung la B. C CaO. D- dung djch N a O H dac.
^ (Trick di tuyen sinh Cao dang - Khoi A)
Dang 3: Dieu che, tinh che Hu&ng ddn gidi
vd phdn Met cdc halogen vd hap chdi cua halogen Cha't CO th^ dung di lam kh6 khi 0 2 im phai la: v
+ Chaft hao nude
1. L i t h u y e t vakn dung va phuorng phap giai:
+ Chat khdng tac dung vdd O j
- D i l u ch^ cac halogen trong phong thi nghidm va trong c6ng nghidp: Thoa man d i ^ u ki6n tr6n la dung dich H2SO4 dam dac.
Dap an dung la B .
4HX(,) + MnO. — ^ MnX^ + + 2H2O
Thi du 2: C6 4 6'ng nghidm duoc danh s6 theo tu: t u 1, 2, 3 , 4 . M 6 i 6ng nghifim
16HX,,) + 2KMn04 > 2 K X + 2 M n X 2 + X2 + 8 H 2 O
chiia m6t trong cac dung dich A g N O j , Z n 0 2 , H I , Na2C03. Bife't rang:
6HX(„ + K Q O j > KCl + 3X2 + 3H2O
- Dung dich trong 6'ng nghifim 2 va 3 t^c dung duoc vdd nhau sinh ra ch&t k h i ;
2NaX + MnOj + 2H2SO4,,, — ^ Xj + MnS04 + Na.SO^ + 2 H 2 O - Dung dich trong 6'ng nghifim 2 va 4 kh6ng phan ling duoc vol nhau.
Dung dich trong cac 6'ng nghifim 1, 2, 3 , 4 1 ^ lupt 1^:
(X la a , Br, I)
A. ZnCl2,Na2C03,HI,AgN03 B. A g N 0 3 , H I , N a 2 C 0 3 , Z n C l 2
2 N a a + 2H2O > 0 2 ! + H2t + 2 N a O H
m^ng ngan
C. A g N 0 3 , N a 2 C 0 3 , H I , Z n C l 2 D. ZnCl2,HI,Na2C03,AgN03
xtt"
4 H C I + O2 < > 2 a 2 + 2H20 (Trick de tuyen sinh Cao dang khdi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
2NaBr + a2(ve«du) — ^ Br2 + 2 N a a
- 6ng nghidm 2 va 3 la H I , Na2C03:
2NaI + Cl2(w«du) — ^ I2 + 2Naa
Diû chd' cac hidro halogenua H X : 2HI + Na2C03 2NaI + C O j t + H 2 O
- ^ n g nghiem 2 va 4 la H I , Z n C l j .
CaF2„) + H2S04(d) - i i ^ 2 H F t + CaS04 i
H I + Z n C l 2 k h 6 n g xay ra
2Naa„ + H2S04,<,) ' " " ' " " " ^ > 2 H a + Na2S04 => 6ng nghiem 2 la H I .
H2,ic,+ Cl2„, — ! - ^ 2 H a , k , ^ n g nghifim 3 , 4 \in lupt la Na2C03, Z n Q j .

RH + ^ RCl + H C l => 6ng nghiem 1 la A g N 0 3 (dung dich con lai).
PX3 + 3 H 2 O ^ 3 H X +H3PO3 Vay 1, 2, 3 , 4 \in lupt la A g N 0 3 , H I , N a 2 C 0 3 , Z n C l 2
E>^p an diing la B.
T h u c te. 3X2 + 2 P + 6 H 2 O 6 H X + 2H3PO3 37
j TM du 3: Kh6ng khi trong ph6ng thi nghiSm bi 6 nhi^m boi khi clo. khiJt d6c, Chu y:
c6 th^ xit vô khdng khi dung dich nao sau day? Kim loai yd'u (kim loai diing sau H trong day difin hoa, nhu Cu, Ag,...) kh6ng
phan ling vdi dung dich H Q .
; A. Dung dich NH,. B. Dung dich NaQ.
Kim loai yfi'u (Cu, Ag, Hg, ...) tac dung vdi H 2 S O 4 dac, tao ra san p h ^ khir la
C. Dung dich NaOH. D. Dung dich H 2 S O 4 loang.
SO2 (kh6ng mau, miii hac); tac dung vdi H N O 3 dac tao ra san ph^m khii la NO,
(Trich detuyen sink Dai hoc khoi A)
(mau nau).
i Hu&ng ddn gidi
fhfduS: Co the phan bidt 3 dung dich: KOH, HCl, H2S04(loang) bang m6t
C6 th^ xit dung dich NH3: 2NH3 + SClj + 6HC1 thu6'c thir la
HC1 + NH3->NH4C1 A. gia'y quy tim. B. A l . C. BaCOj. D. Zn.
Ddp dn diing la A. (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Thidu 4: Trong phong thi nghiSm, ngirori ta thucmg dilu chd'clo bang each
A. cho dung dich HCl dac tac dung vdi MnOi, dun nong. Chon thu6'c thir la BaC03:
BaCO, + KOH (dd): khdng C O hidn tuomg '
B. Aitn phan dung djch NaCl c6 mkng ngan.
C. dien phan nong chay NaCl. BaCOj + 2HC1 - > BaCh + CO.J + HjO 5 w;
D. cho F2 d^y Clj ra khoi dung dich NaQ. BaCOj + H2SO4 BaS04^ + C O j t + HjO
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi A) Dap an diing la C .
Hu&ng din gidi Thi du 7: Neu cho 1 mol m6i chat: CaOCl,, KMn04, K2Cr207, Mn02 ISn luot
Trong PTN, nguod ta thucfng dilu che' khi clo bang each cho cha't oxi hoa manh phan ling vdri luong du dung djch HCl dac, cha[t tao ra luong khi nhiû
(MnOj, K C I O 3 , KMn04, CaOQz,...) tac dung vdri axit clohidric dSc: nhat la
A. KMn04. B. KjCrjO,. C. CaOa2. D. MnOz-
4Ha + MnOj — ^ CI2 + M n Q j + 2H2O
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH khoi A)
6 H a + KQOa > S Q j + K Q + m.O Hu&ng ddn gidi
16Ha + 2KMn04 > SCl^ + 2KC1 + 2 M n a 2 + SH.O PTPir xay ra:
2HC1 + C a O a , > CI2 + CaClj + HÔ CaOCU + 2HC1 > CaCU + CljT + H2O
Chu v; Ne'u chat oxi hoa la Mn02 thi dn phai dun nong, con cha't oxi hoa la 1 mol 1 mol
KMn04 , K Q O j hoac CaOClj phan ihig xay ra b nhiet d6 thucmg.
2KMn04 + 16HC1 > SCU + 2 K a + 2Mna2 + 8H2O
Dap an diing la A.
1 mol 2,5 (mol)
Thi du 5: Di nhan biet 3 axit dac, ngu6i: HCl, H2SO4, H N O 3 dung n€ng biet
K2Cr207 + 14Ha > 3Ch + 2 K a + 2Cra3 + IH.O
trong 3 lo mat nhan, ta dung thu6c thif la
1 mol 3 (mol)
A. Cu. B.CuO. C.Al. D.Fe.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi A) MnOj + 4HC1 > CI2 + MnCl2 + H2O
Hu&ng ddn gidi 1 mol 1 mol . ,

Vay tir K2Cr207 d\6u che' duoc nhiû CU nha't.
Ta chon thu6c thiir la Cu:
Dap an diing la B.
Cu + H Q > kh6ng phan ling.
Thi du 8: Co ba dung dich: amoni hidrocacbonat, natri aluminat, natri phenolat
Cu + IHjSOâ^^ „g„,i) > CUSO4 + S 0 2 t + 2H2O va ba cha't long: ancol etylic, benzen, anilin dung trong sau 6'ng nghidm ri^ng
kh6ng mau, mili h^c biet. Ne'u chi dung m6t thud'c thiJ duy nha't la dung dich HCl thi nhan biet
Cu + 4HN03«,^.„g„î, > Cu(N03)2 + 2 N 0 2 t + 2 H 2 O duoc t6'i da bao nhieu 6'ng nghiem? ,
A. 5. B.6. C. 3. D.4.
mau nau do
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH, kh6i_Al_
Dap an diing la A.
39
Hu&ng ddn gidi 3 C a c b a l t$p t u luyfen:
- Trich cac m i u thu vao 6'ng nghiSm. C d u 1- N " " g K M n 0 4 m6t thcfi gian thu ducrc h6n hop chat rSn X . Trong X c6
- Cho tijf tiir dung djch H C l vao cic mSu thif: th^ CO nhiû nha't bao nhidu hop chat tac dung diroc vdri dung djch H C l giai
+ MSu nao tao ra khi bay Itn => m3u chura amoni hidrocacbonat N H 4 H C O 3 : phong C I , ? •
3 B. 4 C. 2 D. 1
H Q + NH4HCO3 > C O , t + N H 4 a + H2O
Hu&ng ddn gidi
+ MSu tao ra k6't tua trSng, sau do k€t tua bi tan => mSu chura natri aluminat
Na[Al(OH)4]: 2KMn04 K2Mn04 + M n O j + O^
FTPU':
HCl + Na[Al(OH)4] > A l ( O H ) 3 i + N a Q + HjO , X CO thd'chura K , M n 0 4 , M n O , , K M n 0 4 (du).
Cac chat trong X tac dung vdri H C l dac dû c6 th^ giai phdng khi CI2.
3HC1 + A l ( O H ) 3 > A I C I 3 + 3H2O
PTPLT: K2Mn04 + 8HC1 2KC1 + M n C l , + 2 0 2 + 4 H 2 O
+ MSu tao ra v^n due => mSu chira natri phenolat Q H j O N a :
M n 0 2 + 4HC1 M n Q j + CI2 + 2H2O
H Q + CgHjONa > C^HjOHi + NaQ 2 K M n 0 4 + 16HC1 - > 2 K C I 2 + 2MnCl2 + SQa + SHjO.
+ MSu tao ra chat long kh6ng tan => mSu chiia ancol etylic Q H j O H : Dap an dung la A .
HCl + C3H5OH — ^ C2H5CI + H2O

cau 2: Hian umg cua cSp cha't nao dudri day khong th^ sijf dung d^ di6u chd' cac
mu6'i sat (III)?
khdng tan
A . Fe vdri I , B. Fe vdri B r j
+ MSu tao ra 2 Idrp chSft long kh6ng tr6n ISn vao nhau => mSu chira benzen C^Hf,:
C. FeCl2 vdri Br, D. Fe vdri H N O 3 dac, ndng, du.
HCl + QHe • Kh6ng tac dung Hu&ng ddn gidi
+ MSu tao ra dung dich ddng nha't =:> mSu chiia anilin CsHjNHz: cac P T H H xay ra:
0
H C l + C^H^NH, > C6H5NH3CI (Tan) Fe + L -•FeL
DAp dn dung la B.
2Fe + SBr, 2FeBr3
Thi du 9: Di loai bo A l , Fe, CuO ra khoi h6n hop g6m A g , A l , Fe va CuO, c6 Fe + 6 H N O 3 (d.c,du, >Fe(N03)3+3N02+3H20
th^ dung lucmg d u dung djch nao sau day?
A . Dung djch Fe(N03)3. B. Dung dich H C l . 6 F e C l 2 + 3Br2 ->4Fea3+2FeBr3
C. Dung djch H N O 3 . D . Dung djch N a O H . D i p an dung la A .

(Trich detuyen sink Cao ddng khoi A) C a u 3: K h i didu ch6 CI. bang cdch cho KMn04 tac dung vdri dung djch H Q dac thi H Q
Hu&ng ddn gidi A . vira la cha't khiJr, vtra la cha't tao m6i truomg.
B. la chat khijr
V i A l , Fe, CuO d i u phan ling vdri HCl (dd), con A g khdng phan ihig vdi H Q
C . la cha't oxi hoa
=> CO th^ diing dung djch HCl (du)
D. vira la cha't oxi hod, vCra Ik chSft tao m6i truomg.
Dap an dung la B.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
TM du 10: Trong phong thi nghiem khi diû che' tir M n O j va dung djch H Q -1 0 -1
dac, dun nong, d^ loai bo khi H Q ISn trong nguoi ta thucmg rira khi nay bang PTPIT: 2 K M n 0 4 + 1 6 H C l - * 5 C l 2 + 2 K C l + 2 M n a 2 + 8 H 2 0
A . dung djch H2SO4 B. dung djch N a O H f -1 0
C. dung djch A g N O j D. dung djch N a Q H C l vira la chat khtr C1->C1
Hu&ng ddn gidi

Nguod ta dung dung djch NaCl v i :
vira la m 6 i truomg a 'Cl
- H Q tan nhiû trong dung djch NaCl
- K h i a . It tan trong dung djch N a Q . An dung \k A .
Dap an dung la D .
40 41
C&u 4: Phong thi nghidm bi 6 nhidm lirong nho khf CI,. Phuong phap t6't nha't dung + Cac axit halogen hidric (HCl, HBr, HI) dû c6 tfnh khif (tdc dung v6i eac
di loai bo khf d6c nay la chat oxi hoa manh) va c6 tfnh oxi hoa (tac dung vdi kim loai).
A. phun dung dich KBr B. Phun dung djch NaOH + Axit flohidric HF la axit yfi'u, c6 tfnh chat dac biet (an mon thuy tinh):
C. phun dung dich CaCOH), D. di hd lo dung dung djch N H , dSc 4HF + SiOz - > SiF4 + 2H2O
Hu&ng ddn gidi + KhfCO, tacdungvorinude Javen, eloruav6i:
Di loai bo lirgng nho khf Clj, phuong phap t6't nha't 1^ dting khf NH3 (khi NHj NaClO + CO2 + H2O - > H Q O + NaHCOj
duoc sinh ra bang each d^ ha lo dung dung dich NH3 dac) 2CaOCl, + CO, + H2O CaCOj + CaClj + 2HC10
3CU + 8NH3 ^ N , + 6 N H 4 a + FTHH: 2FeCl2 + a , - > 2FeCl3
Dap an dung la D. 2FeCl3 + Fe - > 3FeCl2 ^ ,
C a u 5: Khi diiu chd' khf CK trong phong thi nghifim bang each oxi hoa axit HCl
2. C a c thi du minh hoa:
khf clo thu duoc thucmg c6 l l n HCl. Di loai bo khf HCl trong khf diiu chi duoc
c&n dSn h6n hop khi nay qua Thi du 1: Cho phirong trinh hoa hoc (vdi a, b, c, d la cac h& s6):
A. dung dich NaCl. B. nirdc. aFeS04 + bCl2 -> cFe2 (SO4 )3 + d F e C l ,
C. dung dich AgNOj. D. dung dich NaOH.
Ti le a : c la
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Di loai bo H Q nguofi ta dSn h6n hop HCl, Q , qua dung dich NaQ. V i dung A. 4 : 1. B.3:2. C . 2 : 1. . D. 3 : 1.
4 djch NaQ ha'p thu HCl, con CI2 tan v& ft trong dung djch NaCl. ( Trich dethi tuyen sinh DH khoi B)
Dap an diing la A. Hu&ng ddn gidi
C a u 6: Co eac hoa chat: K ^ C r A - H Q , KMn04, MnO,, NaCl, HCIO, H^SO,, Hoan thanh phircfiig trinh hoa hoc:
KCIO3. Nhihig hoa chat duoc sir dung d^ didu ch€ CI2 trong phong thf nghiem la +2 +3
A. K2Cr207,HCl,KMn04,Mn02,HC10 2Fe-2.1e->2Fe
0 -1
B. K2Cr207,HCl,KMn04,MnOj,NaCl,HCIO,H2SO4 2Cl+2.1e->2Cl
C. K2Cr207,HCl,KMn04,Mn02,NaCl,HCIO
6FeS04 + 3CI2 -> 2Fe2 (804)3 + ^^^^'3
D. K2Cr207,HCl,KMn04,Mn02,KC103
=>a:e = 6 : 2 = 3 : l
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dap an diing la D.
PTHH eac phan ung didu ehe CU trong PTN:
16HC1 + 2KMn04 ^ 2KCI + IMnCXj + 5CI2 + SHjO Thidu 2: Hay cho bid't, phan ling nao sau day HCl dong vai tro la cha^t oxi hoa?
4HC1 + M n 0 2 M n C l 2 + CI2 + 2H2O A. Fe + KNO3 + 4HC1 FeCl3 + KCl + NO + 2H,0

B. MnO, + 4HC1 ->• M n Q j + C\2 + 2H2O 3,,
6HC1 + KClOj -> K C l + 3CI2 + 3H2O
C. Fe + 2HC1 -> FeCl2 + H^
14HC1 + K2Cr207 2KC1 + 2CrCl3 + 3CI2 +7H2O
D. NaOH + HCl -> NaQ + H,0
=> Cae hoa chat: K2Cr207,HCl,KMn04,Mn02,KC103
(Trich de thi du bi dai hoc)
Dap an diing la D.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dang 4: Xdc dinh chat phdn vcng, phuong trinh hod hoc Trong eac phan ling hoa hoc kim loai chi the' hifen tfnh khijf ntn khi tac dung vod
vd chuoiphdn itng cua cdc halogen vd hop chat kim loai axit HCl dong vai tro la clia't oxi hoa. Tfnh oxi hoa ciia HCl do thanh
, 11 +1 0
1. L i thuyet v^n dung va phuong phap giai: phan H the' hien: 2H+ 2e -> H 2
- Xem phdn If thuyfi't ve nhom halogen.
- M6t s6' chu y: PTHH: Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl,2 + H
-^-"2
+ Cac don chat halogen (F,, CI,. Br,, I,) dû c6 tfnh oxi hoa manh. £âp an diing la C .
43
Th( du 3: K h i nao sau day khong b | o x i h o i bofi nu6c gia-ven?
Hu&ng ddn gidi
A . CO2. B. SO,. C. H,S. D. HCHO.
dc chat A l , AI2O3, Zn(OH)2, NaHS, (NH4)2C03 dû phan ling duoc vdi dung
(Trich de tuyin sink Cao dang Khoi A)
dich H Q , dung djch N a O H .
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Phuong trinh hoa hoc cdc phan ling minh hoa:
Nirdc Gia-ven c6 tinh o x i hoa manh nfen se o x i hoa durgc cac cha't c6 tinh khix *) D6 1^ m6t s6' kim loai ( A l , Zn, . . . ) :
nhu S02,H2S,HCHO
2A1 + 6 H a > AICI3 + 3H2
Con k h i CO2 kh6ng c6 kha nang th^ hifin tinh khijf ntn se kh6ng bi o x i hod boi
2A1 + 2NaOH + 6H2O >• 2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3H2
nude Gia-ven.
Dap an diing la A . *) Cdc chat luong tinh: j,
Chu y; - Tuy vay, C O , vSn phan ling duoc vdi nude Giaven (khdng phai phan ling AI2O3 + 6 H a > 2Aia3 + 3H2O
oxi hoa - khiJf): C O 2 + H 2 O + NaClO - > H C I O + N a H C O j AI2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O ^ 2Na[Al(OH)4] , , ^
- Cac khi bi o x i hoa boi nude Javen:
Zn(OH)2 + 2 H a > Z n a 2 + 2H2O
SO2 + NaClO + H 2 O NaCl + H2SO4
Zn(OH)2 + 2 N a O H > Na2[Zn(OH)4] , ^ ( 1
H 2 S + 4NaC10 - > H2SO4 + 4NaCl
NaHS + H Q > N a Q + H2S
H C H O + NaClO ^ NaCl + H C O O H
NaHS + N a O H > NajS + H2O
Thi du 4: Cho cac phan ung sau:
(NH4)2C03 + 2 H a > 2NH4CI + C O j t + H2O
4HC1 + MnOi • MnQ, + + 2H2O
(NH4)2C03 + 2NaOH > 2NH3 + Na2C03 + H2O
2HC1 + Fe > FeClj + H ,
= > CO 5 ch&X.
I4HC1 + K^CrÔ, > 2KC1 + 2 C r a 3 + 3 0 , + THjO
Dap an diing la A .
6HC1 + 2A1 > 2AICI3 + 3H2
Thidu 6: Cho bife't cac phan ihig xay ra sau:
16Ha + 2 K M n 0 4 > 2KCI + 2 M n a 2 + SCU + SHjO
2FeBr2 + Br2 > IFeBr^
S6' phan ung trong d6 H C l th^ h\tx\h o x i hoa la
2NaBr + 0 2 > 2NaCl + BT2
A . 3. B.4. C. 1. D . 2.
(Trich Delhi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi A) Phat biû diing la :
Hu&ng ddn gidi A. Tinh khix ciia CI" manh hon Br".
B. Tinh oxi hoa ciia Brj manh hon ctia Q 2 .
Trong cac phan iJng, HQ thd' hidn tinh o x i hoa khi n6 tac dung vdri k i m loai (tinh
C. Tinh khu ciia Br" manh hcni ciia Fe"*
oxi hoa ciia ion H*)- Do do trong cac phan ung vdi k i m loai, H C l th^ hidn tinh
oxi hoa: D. Tinh oxi hoa ciia Gi manh hon ciia Fe'*. "
(Trich De thi luyen sinh DH - CD khdi B)
M - ne M"*
H" + 2e - ) . H , Hu&ng ddn gidi
=> c6 2 phan irng (phan ling vdi k i m loai A l , Fe) Taco:
Dap an diing la D . • Tinh khir ciia Br" manh hon Q" (vi tinh khir F < Q" < Br" < T)
Tinh oxi hoa 0 2 manh hon Br2 (vi tinh oxi hod ciia F2 > CI2 > Br2 > I2)
Thidu 5: Cho cac chat: A l , AUO3, Al2(S04)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHS, K2SO3, (NH4)2C03.
Tinh khir ciia Fe'* manh hon Br" (dua vao phan ling thii nha't)
S6' chat dû phan ihig duoc vdd dung dich HCl, dung dich N a O H la
Tinh oxi hoa ciia Br2 manh hon Fe'* (dua vao phan iitig thuf nha't), tinh oxi hoa
A . 5. B.6. C.4. D.7.
^"a CI2 manh hem ciia Br2 n6n tinh oxi hoa ciia CI2 manh hem Fe'*.
(Trich Delhi tuyen sinh DH - CD kh6i A)
E>ap an diing la D.
I l l iHMl W W giui nnann B I nuu nt^v, z- i num i uan
Thi du 7: Day g6m c&c chat dû tac dung diroc vdfi dung dich H Q loang 1^ (III) Sue khi CO, vao nirdc Gia - ven.
A. AgNOj, (NH4)3C03, CuS. B. Mg(HC03)2, HCOONa, CuO. (IV) Nhiing la nh6m vô dung djch H,S04 dac, ngu6i.
C. FeS. BaS04, KOH, D. KNO,, CaCOj, Fe(OH)3. S6 thi nghiem xay ra phan ting hoa hoc la
(Trich De thi tuyen sink Dai hoc khd'i A) ^.2. B.3. C.4. D. 1.
Hu&ng ddn gidi (Trich Dethi tuyen sinh Dai hoc, khd'i B)
Xet cac phuong an: • ^ : • , ;•>•• Hu&ng ddn gidi _,
A. Loai VI CuS. C&c thi nghiem xay ra: > v.. i]>. > • t ..
B. Thoa man:
(I) . Fe + H2S04(l) >FeS04 + H2 ''^
MgCHCOj), + 2HC1 > M g Q j + 2C02t + 2KÔ
(II) : SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O > H2SO4 + 2HBr
HCOONa + HCl > HCOOH + NaQ
(III) : CO2 + H , 0 + NaQO > HCIO + NaHCOj
CuO + 2HC1 > CuCU + H2O
Co 3 phan ling hoa hoc xay ra.
C. Loai vi BaS04.
Dap an dung la B.
D. Loai VI KNO3.
Thidu 10: Cac khi c6 th^ cung t6n tai trong m6t h6n horp la
Dap an dung la B.
A. CUvaO,. B. H , S v a a , . C.NH3vkHa. D. H I v a 0 3 .
Thi du 8: Cho cac phan utig sau:
(Trich Dethi tuyen sinh Cao dang khd'i A)
(a) 4HC1 + PbO, > P b Q , + CI2 + 2H2O Hu&ng ddn gidi
(b) HCl + NH4HCO3 > NH4CI + CO, + H2O Xet cac phuong an:
(c) 2HC1 + 2HNO3 > 2NO, + 0 2 + 2H2O a. CI, + O2 > kh6ng xay ra
(d) 2HC1 + Zn > ZnCU + H2 b. HjS + Cl, >S + 2HC1
S6' phan lifng trong do H Q thi hien tinh khu la c. NH3 + HCI > NH4CI
A. 3. B.4. C. 1. D.2.
d. 2HI + O3 > I , + O2 + H2O
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc, khd'i B)
Hu&ng ddn gidi Cac phan ung & B, C, D dû xay ra or diû kidn thucfng.
Dap an diing la A.
Khi tdc dung vori cac chat c6 tinh oxi hoa nhu Pb02, HNO3,... thi HCl th^ hidi
ti'nh khir: Chuj: Halogen (F,, CI,, BTJ, L , At2) kh6ng tac dung true tie'p voi O2.
a) 4HC1 + PbO, • PbQ, + Q , + 2H2O
3. Cac bal tap tu luyen:
Chat khiJr
CSu 1: Truorng hop khong xay ra phan ling hoa hoc la
b) H Q + NH4HCO3 > NH4CI + CO2 + H2O
c) 2HC1 + 2HNO3 > 2NO2 + + 2H2O A. CI, + 2NaOH > NaCl + NaQO + H2O
Chat khiJf B- Feci, + H2S > FeS + 2HC1
d) 2HC1 + Zn > Z n a 2 + H2 ^ ' ^'
^- O 3 + 2KI + H2O > 2 K O H + I2 + O2
Co 2 phan umg trong do H Q the' hien ti'nh khir.
^ 3 0 , + 2H2S 2H2O + 2SO2
Dap an dung la D.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khd'i A)
Thi du 9: Co cac thi nghidm sau:
(I) Nhung thanh sSt vao dung dich H2SO4 loang, ngu6i. Hu&ng ddn gidi
(II) Sue khi S O , vao nu6c brom. êt cac phuong an: ' - ^
A. Dung. ^^
KttJtuat mm gidt nhanh BTHoa hoc, tap 2 - Cu Thanh Tonn
Hu&ng ddn gidi
B. Khdng xay ra. V i FeS tan trong dung djch H Q : H6n hop Fe304, Cu, A l , N a Q c6 th^ tan trong dung djch H Q dir:
FeS + 2Ha > FeCl, + H^S Fe304 + 8HC1->2FeCl3 + FeClj + 4H2O
c. Diing. 2x t
d. Diing. Cu + 2FeCl3 ^ C u C l 2 + 2 F e a 2 >f;:>l';'/
Dap dn dung la B . ;^
X 2x ^ •
cau 2: Cho day cac chat: CsHjOH (phenol), C6H5NH2 (anilin), HjNCHjCOOH,
C H j C H j C O O H , CH3CH2CH2NH2. S6 chat trong day tac dung diroc vdi dung 2A1 + 6HC1 ^ 2AICI3 + 3H2 • ;J
djch H Q la NaCl + H 2 0 ( d d H C l ) d d N a C l
A . 2. B.5. C.3. D.4. Ddp dn diing la C. ,
(Trich Di thi tuyen sink Cao dang khoi A) cau 5: Vi6't va khac hinh \tn kinh, thuy tinh dua vao phan litig
Hu&ng ddn gidi A . Si02vaHF B. SiOz vk dung djch N a O H
Cac chat tac dung vdri dung djch H Q : C. SiO: va H I D . Si02, Na2 CO3 va CaCO,
Hu&ng ddn gidi
1) CsHjNH, + H C l > CsHjNHjQ
Trong thuy tinh c6 thanh phSn chii y6'u la SiOj, d^ vie't va khac hinh Idn thuy
2) H 2 N C H 2 C O O H + H C l >. C I H 3 N C H 2 C O O H tinh, ngucri ta diing dung djch H F (axit flohidric): ' .
3) CH3CH2CH2NH2 + H C l > CHjCHjCHjNHaQ SiOj + 4 H F S i F 4 t + 2H2O

Dap an dung la C. Dap an diing la A .
C4u 3: Cho cac cap chat vdri t i 16 s6' m o l tuong ling nhir sau: Cau 6: Cho cac chat sau tac dung vdi nhau trong dung djch
a) Fe304 va Cu ( I : 1); b) Sn v a Z n (2 : 1); a . K I + Fea3-> b . H I + FeO->
c) Z n va Cu ( 1 : 1); d) Fe2(S04)3 va Cu ( 1 : 1) c. K I + O3 + H2O ^ d. K I + H2O2 ->•

I e) FeQ, va Cu (2 : 1); g) FeQj v^ Cu ( 1 : 1). e.Pb(N03)2+KI-^ f.a2 + K I ^
f S6' cap chat tan hoan toan trong m6t luong du dung dich H C l loang, nong la g. K I + K 2 a 2 0 7 + H2SO4 loang IN
A. 3 B. 2 C. 5 D.4 Nhutig phan ling hoa hoc tao ra san phdm I ^ la

(Trich dethi tuyen sink Dai hgckhoi B) A.a,c,d,e,f B. a , c , d , f , g
Hu&ng ddn gidi C. a, b, c, d, e, g, f D . a, f, g
Cac cap cha't tan hoan toan trong dung dich H Q nong la: Hu&ng ddn gidi
a) Fe304 + 8HC1 > 2FeC^ + FeCl 2 + 4 H 2 O ^ cac phan litig tao ra san ph^m I2:
a) 2 K I + 2FeCl3->l2+2FeCl2+2Ka
Cu + 2FeCl3 >2FeCl2+CUCI2
b) 2 K I + 0 3 + H 2 0 - > l 2 + 0 2 + 2 K 0 H '^¥^:*'
b) Sn + 2HC1 >.SnCl2 + H2
d) 2 K I + H 2 0 2 - > l 2 + 2 K 0 H
Z n + 2HC1 > Z n a 2 + H2 0 a2+2KI->l2+2KCl
d) Fe2 ( 5 0 4 ) 3 + ^" ^ CuSO^ + 2FeS04 8) 6Kl + K 2 C r 2 0 7 + 7 H 2 S 0 4 - > 3 l 2 + 4 K 2 S 0 4 + C r 2 ( S 0 4 ) 3 + 7 H 2 0
Co 3 cap chA thoa man. Dap an diing m e . ^ , /

Dap an diing la A . Qiu±: 2HI + Fe0->Fel2+H20 ^
C&u 4: H6n hop chtia d6ng thoi x m o l m 6 i chat Fe304, Cu, A l , N a Q c6 t h ^ h6a tan Pb(N03)2+2KI->-Pbl2 i + 2 K N 0 3 1 .
hoan toan trong luong du dung djch nko sau day? Them: 6 H I + Fe203->2Fel2+l2+3H20
A . dung dich NH3 B. dung dich N a O H SHI + Fe304 - ^ 3 F e l 2 + I 2 + 4 H 2 O
C. dung djch H C l D . dung djch A g N O , $ 49
Cau 7: Cho clo Un lircrt vao: dung dich NaOH, dung djch Ca(OH)2 dSc, HjS, NH, 3) 0 2 + H2O ^ HCl + HCIO
S6 tru£mg hop clo vira th^ hifin tinh oxi hod vira th^ hidn tinh khii Ik
A. 4 B. 1 C. 3 D.2
4) 2HC10 '""^'"^ > 2Ha + 0 2 t
Hu&ng ddn gidi 5) HCl + AgN03 - » A g Q i + HNO3
PTHH xayra: 2Aga
• i0 6) ^""^^"^ ) 2Ag-fCl2
-1 +1 1®- ^'^^ PTHH cua cac phan utig xay ra trong qud trinh san xua't clorua v6i tilr
(1) C h + 2NaOH - > NaQ + NaC10+ H j O
da v6i va mu6'i an.
0 +1
(2) +Ca (OH)^ -> CaOQj + H j O Hu&ng ddn gidi M V'' .
0 -2 0 -I CaC03 •^^•"^g^"^ ) CaO + CO2 ' •

HjS ->S+2HC1
CaO + H20^Ca(OH)2
0 - 3 0 - 1
2Naa + 2H.O , '^^'^ ^ ) H , t + CI, t + 2NaOH ' • '•' > ^
3 C I 2 + 2 N H 3 - > N 2 + 6HC1
Dap &n diing Ik D. CI2 + Ca(OH)2 -> CaOQj + H2O. .
-1
C M i - * Qorua v6i CaOCL ClCaOCl Dang 5: Mot so cdu hoi It thuye't ve halogen
Cau 8: Cho ba chat: khi Q j , b6t Fe, dung djch H Q . 1. Li thuye't van dung va phirong phap giai:
Viet PTHH ciia cac phan ling bid'u dien sad6 sau: - Xem phSn l i thuyd't v^ nhom halogen. » '
- M6t s6' n6i dung cin chii y:
+ Trong cac phan ung hoa hoc, F^ chi thfi' hifin tmh oxi hoa. Trong moi truomg
( . / " > > hg(p chat nguydn t6' flo chi c6 s6' oxi hoa duy nha't la - 1 .
/ (2) ^ + Cac don chat dû c6 tinh oxi hoa manh, tinh oxi hoa giam din tir F2 dd'n Ij.
Fe FeQj
+ Cac nguydn t6' halogen khac (CI, Br, I) ngoî s6' oxi hoa - 1 , c6n c6 kha nSng
Hu&ng ddn gidi th^ hidn cac s6' oxi hoa +1, +3, +5, +7.
(1) Fe + 2HC1 FeCK + H,t + Axit HF la axit ye'u, cac axit HQ, HBr, HI \h. cac axit manh v^ tinh axit tang d ^ .
+ Tinh khijr cac hidro halogenua tang din HF < H Q < HBr < HI.
(2) 2Fe + BQj - ^ - ^ 2FeCl3 + Tinh khir ciia cac ion halogenua tang d^n theo tii tu: F , Q", Br", I "
+ Cac dung djch chiia cac ion halogenua (trCf florua) diu phan ihig diroc vdi
(3) 2Fea2+ a, > 2Fea3
AgNOj tao thanh cac kd't tiia c6 mau sdc khdc nhau. ^
Cau 9: Vid't PTHH cua cdc phan ling trong so d6 bidn d6i sau (ghi ddy dii diû ki^n 2. Cac thi du minh hoa:
phan ihig):
^Nirdrc Gia-ven Thidu 1: Cho cac phat bid'u sau:
(2), (a) Trong cac phan ung hoa hoc, flo chi th^ hifin tinh oxi hoa
Naa— (b) Axit flohidric la axit yfi'u î'
dpnc (ÛHQO - I I U H Q -iÂga - i ^ A g
(c) Dung djch NaF loang duoc dung lam thu6c chd'ng sau rang
W)Trong hop chat, cac halogen (F, Q, Br, I) dû c6 s6' oxi h6a: - 1 , + 1 , +3, +5
Hu&ng ddn gidi
+7.
1) 2 N a a ^P"^ > 2Na + a 2 (e)Tinh khir ciia cac ion halogenua tang ddn theo tii tu: F", Q , Br", I
2) CI2 + 2NaOH -> NaQ + NaQO + HÔ Trong cac phat bid'u trfin, s6' phat bife'u dung la
Nu6c Gia-ven A. 3 B. 5 C.2 D.4
(Trick detuyen sink Dai hoc ndm 2013 - Khdi B)
50
51
Hu&ng ddn gidi
X6t cac phat bie'u: "ffti du 4- Phat biû nao sau day la sai?
(a) Diing v i F, la chat oxi hoa manh nha't.
^ Ban kinh nguyen tiir cua clo Idn hon ban ki'nh nguyen tiJr ctia flo.
(b) Diing VI lien ke't H - F rat b^n vutig nen kho phan l i ra H*:
g E)6 am dien ciia brom Ion hon d6 am dien c i a iot.
HF i r i + F"
C Tinh axit ciia H F manh hon tinh axit ciia H C l . t , -
(c) Diing (dung dich NaF loang lam thu6c chd'ng sau rang)
(d) Sai VI trong ta't ca cdc hop chat, flo chi c6 s6' oxi hoa duy nha't la - 1 . D Tinh khiJ ciia ion Br" Ion hon tinh khif c i a ion C P .
(e) Diing, tinh khir F < Q " < Br" Co 4 phat bie'u diing. Hu&ng ddn gidi

Dap an diing la D . Tinh axit trong day halogenhidric: HF < H C l < HBr < H I
Thi du 2: Phat bie'u nao sau day diing? (Giai thich dira vao d6 ben lien ke't H - X )
A . lot c6 ban kinh nguyen tir 16n hom brom => Phat biû C sai.
B. A x i t HBr c6 tinh axit ye'u hon axit H C l Dap an diing la C.
C. Flo CO ti'nh oxi hoa ye'u hon clo
Thidu 5: Phat biû nao sau day khdng diing?
D. Dung djch NaF phan ung vdi dung djch A g N O , sinh ra A g F ke't tiia
A . A x i t H F CO tinh axit ye'u hon axit H I .
(Trich detuyen sinh Cao dang khoiA)
B. A x i t H2CO3 CO tinh axit manh hon axit HCIO
Hu&ng ddn gidi
C. A x i t HCIO4 CO tinh oxi manh hon axit HCIO
- Br, I e V I I A , vi Z , > Zg^ r, > x^^
D. H F CO nhiet d6 s6i cao hon H I .
- V I rgr > rc, => dH_Br > d^.Q => axit HBr manh hon axit H C l Hu&ng ddn gidi
- Fj la chat o x i hoa manh nha't nen tinh oxi hoa Fj > Nhan xet:
- NaF + A g N O j - > khdng xay ra vi A g F tan. - Tinh axit: H F < H Q < HBr < H I
=> Phat bie'u dung la A . - Tinh axit H3CO3 > H Q O : H 2 C O 3 + N a C 1 0 - ^ H C 1 0 + NaHC03
Dap an diing la A .
- Tinh oxi hod HCIO4 < H Q O :
Thi du 3: Phat bie'u nao sau day khong diing?
+ HCIO4 rat b^n, ton tai dang nguyen cha't.
A . Dung djch H F hoa tan dugc SiO,
+ HCIO rat kem ben, chi t6n tai trong dung dich rd't loang.
B. Trong cac hop chat, ngoai s6' oxi hoa - 1 , flo va clo con c6 cac s6' oxi hoa
+ l , + 3 , +5, +7. - t ° ( H F ) > t " ( H I ) VI H F CO lien ke't hidro lien phan tir ben hon nhiû (lien ke't H
C. Flo CO tinh oxi hoa manh hem clo. F phan cue hon lien ke't H - 1 )
D. Mu6'i A g l kh6ng tan trong nu6c, muoi A g F tan trong nirdrc. Dap an diing la C.
(Trich detuyen sinh Cao dang • KhoiA)
Thidu 6: Phat bie'u nao sau day la dung?
Hu&ng ddn gidi A . Cho tinh th^ N a l vao dung dich H2SO4 dSc, dun n6ng thu duoc H I
X6t cdc phat bie'u: B- Sue khi CI2 vao dung djch N a O H loang, nong thu duoc nu6c Gia-ven.
A . Diing: 4 H F + SiOj SiF4 + 2H2O C. C6ng thijc oxit cao nha't ciia flo la FjO,.
B. Sai, VI nguyen t6' flo, trong hop cha't chi c6 s6' c x i hoa duy nha't 1 ^ - 1 . — - ^ ^ j j u o c da CO ca'u triic mang tinh the' phan tii.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
C. Diing: Fj+2NaCl(n/c)—^^Qj+2NaF
PTHH: 2 N a I + 2H2SO4 - > Na2S04 +12 + SO2 + 2H2O
D. Diing: Trong cac mu6'i bac halogenua A g X , chi c6 A g F tan t6't trong nude
con cac bac halogenua khac ( A g C l , AgBr, A g l ) dû kh6ng tan =^ Kh6ng thu duoc H I .
=> Phat biû B khdng diing
^ H : 3CI2 + 6NaOH — ^ 5NaCl + NaClOj + 3H2O
Dap an diing la B .
^ Khdng thu duoc nudic Javen.
52
- Nguyen t6 flo khdng tao diroc oxit cao nha't XjO, nhir cdc halogen khdc. Hu&ng ddn gidi
- Nirdc da c6 ca'u true mang tinh th^ phan til. 7,3 = ^'2
=> Phat biû dung la D. Xheo bai ra: n„a
Dip an diing la D. + 4HC1 MnQj + 0^1+ 2H2O
Mn02 (1),
Chu y: Cac oxit ciia flo c6 c6ng thiic chung FjOn (n = 1, 2, 3 va 4). a)
rf Theo (1): =^ = (mol); = 22,4. 0,05 = 1,12 (lit)
C. BAI TAP TONG HOP vfi HALOGEN b) 2KMn04+ 16Ha 2KC1 + 2MnCl2 + 5 0 2 + 8H2O (2) <\
C&u 1: Dung djch HQ va dung djch CH3COOH c6 cung n6ng d6 mol/1, pH ciia hai
dung djch tuofng umg la x va y. Quan he giiJa x va y la (gia thie't, cii 100 phan tu Theo(2): nc,2 = ^ = 0'0625 (mol) 'V
CH3COOH thi CO 1 phan tijr didn li)
Vc,2 = 22,4.0,0625 = 1,4 (lit).
A. y = x + 2. B. y=100x. C. y = 2x. D. y = x - 2. CSu 4: Khi difin phan dung dich mu6i an bao hoa d^ san xu^t xiit, ngucri ta thu
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi A) duoc 560 lit khi clo b Aiin kiSn tidu chu£n. Tinh khd'i luong mu6l an chita 98%
- Hu&ng ddn gidi NaCl da dung Ai didn phan. Bie't hidu sua't ciia qua trinh difn phan 1^ 1(X)%.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Gia sijf 2 dung dich c6 cung ndng d6 la 0,1M.
S6 mol 0 2 thu duoc: nci2 = ~ r = 25 (mol)
I HCl > + Q-
! 0,1M 0,1M Phuong trinh difin phan:
^ pH(^„a, = X =-IgO.l =-IglO'= 1. 2Naa + 2H2O > H, t +2NaOH + CUt (1)
CH3COOH <=> + CH3COO" Theo (1): nN^cicdn = 25. 2 = 50 (mol)
Banddu: 0,1M Kh6'
Phanli: 0,001M 0,001M Khd'ii luong
luong m NaQ
uC»icSn diing:98%
an chura m N , c i = 50.58,5 = 2925 (g) = 2,925 (kg)
NaCl c^n la'y Ik
can bang: 0,001 (lO'M) = 2.925.100
— «2,985 (kg). .
=> pH(ddCH3COOH) = y = -IglO"' = 3- 98
Vay y = x + 2. cau 5: Cha't nao sau day khbng th^ dung d^ l^m kh6 khi hidro clorua?
Ddp an diing 1^ A, A. P2O5. B. NaOHran.
Cau 2: Clo hoa PVC thu diroc m6t polime chiia 63,96% clo v^ kh6'i luong, trung C. Axit sunfuric dam dac. D. CaQj khan.
binh 1 phan tir clo phan ihig v6i k mat xich trong mach PVC. Hu&ng ddn gidi
Gia tri ciia k la - P2O5, axit sunfuric dam dac va CaClj khan dû c6 kha nang hut im, kh6ng phan
A. 4. B.3. C.6. D.5. utig vori HCl nen duoc dung de' lam kh6 khi HQ.
'1 Sooiif (Trich Di thi tuyen sink DH-CD khdi A)
- NaOH ran c6 tinh hiit im, nhung lai phan ung v6i HQ ntn kh6ng duoc dung di
Hu&ng ddn gidi kh6 khi HCl.
Theo
So d6bai
phanra:irng:
%C1 =kQHjCl + Clj > CrJA^v-^Ck.^ £>^panB.
24k + 3 k - l + 35,5(k + l) 100 =>+ kHQ =3 6: Phan umg nao sau day chiing to HQ c6 tinh khir?
Dap an dung la B. 35,5(k + l) 63,96 A. 4HC1 + MnOj MnO. + CI2 + 2H2O
Cau 3: Tinh the tich khi clo thu duoc 6 diû kidn tidu chu^n khi: B- 2HC1 + Mg(OH)2 - > M g a 2 + 2H2O
a) cho 7,3 g HQ tac dung he't \di MnOj. C. 2HC1 + CuO C u a 2 + H2O
2HC1 + Zn — ZnQ, + H2.
b) cho 7,3 g HCl tac dung he't vdi KMnO*. » 55
A t tfiudt mm gu'ii nhann m ttoa HQC, tap Z - C«i IHanh Toiin
Hudmg ddn gidi Hu&ng ddn gidi

- Phan ling 4 H a + MnOz > M n Q j + 0 2 + IHjO, nguyfin ttf O trong HC] '""'^"""^ > Na2S04 + 2 H C l t
2Naa + H2S04,a,c)
cho electron: 2Cl' > + 2e, nfin HCl trong phan ling n^y c6 tinh khif. Khi HCl tan rat nhiû trong nude, vi vay phai dung H2SO4 dac va mu6i b tranj
- d phan ling B va phan ihig C, s6 oxi hoa cua H va Q kh6ng thay ddi ntn HCl o thai tinh th^ de' ban che' hidro clorua tao thanh tan trong nude.
hai phan ling n^y kh6ng th^ hifn ti'nh oxi hoa hay ti'nh khir. ,, Cau 10: Cho h6n hop A g6m Cu va Mg vao dung djch HCl du thu duoc 5,6 lit khi
. +1 0 (dktc) kh6ng mau va m6t chat ran khdng tan B.
- O phan ling D, 2 H (HQ) + 2. le > Hj ntn H Q th^ hien tmh oxi h6a. Dung dung dich H2SO4 dac, nong de' hoa tan hoan toan chat r l n B thu duoc 2,24
Dap in A. h't khi SO2 (dktc).
a) Viet PTHH ciia cac phan ling xay ra.
C&u 7: Muefi an bj 15n cdc tap cMt Ik Na2S04, MgQz, Caa2 CaS04. Hay tnnh
b) Tinh kh6'i luong h6n hop A ban ddu.
b^y phirong phap hoa hoc loai bo cac tap chat. Viet PTHH cua cac phan irng
Hu&ng ddn gidi
\ky ra.
a) Cic phan umg
Hudng ddn gidi
- H6a tan mu6'i vô nirdc r6i loc se loai bo duoc CaS04 it tan (nuorc loc v5n chua Mg + 2 H a - > M g Q j + H j t (1)
m6t lucmg nho CaS04). Cha't ran kh6ng tan B la Cu.
- Cho vô nude loc m6t luomg du dung dich BaQj: Cu + 2H,S04 CUSO4 + SO, t + 2H,0 (2)
BaQz + CaS04 - » BaS04 i + C a a 2 5,6
b) Theo (1): n^g = " H J = = ^,25 (mol); mM^ = 24.0,25 = 6 (g)
BaQj + Na2S04 BaS04 i + 2 N a a Zz,4
Loc bo ke't tiia BaS04, nude loc chiia C a a 2 , MgClj, NaCl va BaQj d«- 2 24
Theo (2): = njoj = T T — = 0,1 (mol); nio, = 64.0,1 = 6,4 (g).
- Them vô nu6c loc m6t luong dung djch NajCOj la'y du:
NajCOj + CaQz -> CaCOj i + 2Naa Khd'i luong h6n hop A la: m^Â = 6 + 6,4 = 12,4 (g).
C&u 11: Brom bj I3n tap cha't la clo. Di thu duoc brom cin \km each nao sau day?
NazCOj + MgClj -> M g C O j i + 2Naa
A. DSn h6n hop di qua dung dich H2SO4 loang
NajCOj + BaQj BaCOj i + 2Naa B. D i n h6n hop di qua nu6c.
- Loc bo ke't tiia, nude loc chi chiia NaCl NajCOj du. Cho nudrc loc tac dung C. DSn h6n hop di qua dung djch NaBr.
v<M dung dich HCl du: NajCOj + 2HC1 ^ 2NaCl + C O j t + HjO D. DSn h6n hop di qua dung djch Nal.
Dung djch con lai chiia NaQ va HCl du, c6 can dung dich thi HCl du bay hoi Hu&ng ddn gidi
bet, thu duoc NaQ tinh khie^t. Brom bj iSn tap chat 1^ clo, de thu duoc brom c^n dkn h6n hop di qua dung djch
C&u 8: Mud'i an khdng nhutig c6 tSm quan trong trong dcri s^ng hang ngay ciia con NaBr, toan b6 tap cha't CU se phan tag vdri NaBr :
nguiri con la nguyen lieu de' san xua't natri hidroxit, clo, axit clohidric. + 2NaBr > 2NaCl + Brj
Vie't PTHH ciia cac phan umg diing de' san xuit cac cha't tren. Dap an C.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
C&u 12: Day axit nao sau day sip xe'p dung theo thvc tu giam din tinh axit?
- San xuaft Qz, NaOH, H 2 : A. HI > HBr > HCl > HF. B. HP > HCl > HBr > H I .
2Naa + 2H2O m r^ ^
g ^ngSn
î—>H, T +2NaOH + CI, t C. HCl > HBr > H I > HF. D. HCl > HBr > HF > H I
Hu&ng ddn gidi
- San xuit axit clohidric:
B^n kinh nguyen tir cac halogen (X) duoc sap xe'p giam d^n theo day: I >
H2 + —5—> 2Ha CI > F, nen d6 dai lien ke't giSa cac nguyen tir X vdd nguyen tu H cung giam d^n
C&u 9: De' diû che' khi hidro clorua, ngudi ta cho mudi NaQ tac dung vdi axit theo day: H I , HBr, HCl, HF (1), nen kha nang phan l i ra ion H* ciia cac HX
H2SO4 dac, nong. Viet PTHH ciia cac phan dug xay ra va giai thich vi sao phai cung giam din theo day (1), tiic tinh axit giam din theo day (1).
dung mud'i tinh th^ va axit dam dac. Dap an dung la A.
C&u 13: Day ion nao sau day sSp xd'p diing theo thir tu giam din tinh khijr? \ ddn gidi
Cdch 1: Cho h6n hop khi di qua dung djch NaBr hoac dung dich NaT, CI, se oxi
A. F" > C r > Br~ > r B. I " > Br" > CP > F"
hoa NaBr hoac Nal thanh Br, hoac I , lam cho dung djch khdng mau ban diu
c.Br>r>cr>F" D. a~>F->Br->r chuyen thanh mau vang hoac mau nau.
Hu&ng ddn gidi a, + 2NaBr -> 2NaCl + Br2 (dung djch c6 mau vang)
Tmh oxi hoa ciia nguydn tir cang manh thi tinh khir ciia ion am ciia no cang yd'u. hoac + 2NaI -> 2NaCl + I2 (dung dich c6 mau vang nau)
Tinh oxi hoa ciia F > Q > Br > I , ndn tinh khijf ciia F > Br~ > Q " > F~ Cdch 2: Co thi nhan bid't h6n hop khi bang gia'y quy tim ^m. Luc dû quy tim
Dap an diing la B. chuye'n thanh mau do, do h6n hop khi c6 H Q . Sau d6 mau do bie'n mat do trong
C&u 14: Vi sao ngucri ta c6 th^ didu ch6' Ch Brj, bang each cho h6n hop HjSO^ h6n hop C O khi Ch. Khi 0 2 tac dung vdi H2O sinh ra HCIO c6 tinh oxi hoa rat
dac va M n 0 2 tac dung vdri mu6'i clorua, bromua, iotua nhimg kh6ng thi ap dung manh, lam mat mau do.
phuong phap nay d^ diû ch6 F,? Bang each nao c6 the' diû chd' dugc Fj? Viet CI2 + H2O ^ HCl + HCIO
PTHH ciia cac phan ling. b) Cho h6n hop khi trdn (HCl va CU) tac dung vdi chat oxi hoa manh nhu MnO,,
Hu&ng ddn gidi dung dich KMn04... HCl bj oxi hoa thanh CI2 kit qua thu duoc chat khi duy
Ngucd ta c6 th^ dilu ch^ CU, Brj, I , bang each cho h6n hop H 2 S O 4 dac va MnO, nha't la 0 2 .
tac dung vori mu6'i clorua, bromua, iotua. Cac san ph^m trung gian 1^ H Q , HBr, 4HC1 + Mn02 -> M n a 2 + Q , + 2 H 2 O
HI bi h6n hop (MnOj + H2SO4) oxi hoa thanh Q j , Brj, I2. 16HC1 + 2KMn04 ->• 2KC1 + 2MnCl, + SCU + 8H2O
Cac PTHH cua phan ling:
c) Cdch 1: Cho h6n hop khi trdn tac dung vdi m6t lucmg vira dii H2 khi chie'u sang,
NaCl + H2SO4 — ^ NaHS04 + HCl thu duoc khi duy nha't la HCl:
CI2 + H, ) 2HC1
MnOz + 4 H a — ^ M n Q , + 0 2 + 2H2O
Cdch 2: Cho h6n hop khi di qua 6'ng dung b6t d6ng kim loai d6't nong, khi
NaBr + H2SO4 — N a H S 0 4 + HBr tac dung v6i d6ng kim loai tao mu6'i clorua la cha't ran. Cha't khi khdng tac dung
v(5ri d6ng kim loai la HCl, nen chat khi di ra chi m HCl.
Mn02 + 4HBr — ^ MnBr2 + Brj + 2H2O
Cu + a , '° > CuCli
Nal + H2SO4 — ^ NaHS04 + HI cau 16: Co 4 lo kh6ng c6 nhan dung rieng biet cdc mu6'i: KF, K Q , KBr, K I .
Hay cho bie't:
MnO, + 4HI — ^ M n l , + I2 + 2H2O
Kh6ng the' ap dung phuong phap trfen d^ diû ch^ F2 vi h 6 n hop oxi h6a a) Cach phan biet mu6'i dung trong m6i lo bang phuong phap hoa hoc.
(MnO, + H2SO4) khdng dii manh di oxi hoa HF thanh F j . b) Tir nhOng mud'i da cho diû chd' cac halogen tuong ihig \h. cac hidro
Cach duy nha't di diû che' F21^ difin phan h6n hop KF tan trong HF long khan halogenua tuong ling.
(kh6ng C O mat HjO). Dung dong didn m6t chiû 8 - 12 v6n ; cucmg d6 4000 - Hu&ng ddn gidi
6000 ampe; binh didn phan c6 eatot lam bang thep dac biet hoac bang d6ng va a) Cdch 1: La'y m6t it cha't trong m6i lo dem hoa tan vao nu6c duoc cac dung djch
anot lam bang than chi (graphit). ri^ng biet, sau do lin luot cho AgNOj vô cac dung dich do se nhan ra duac cac
dung djch do xua't hl6n cac hidn tuong khac nhau:
dcatot: 2H" + 2 e ^ H 2
d anot: 2F ^ F, + 2e KF + AgNOj > Kh6ng phan ihig '
Cau 15: Bang phuong phap hoa hoc nao c6 th^: KCl + AgNOa > AgCl i + K N O 3 '
a) Xac djnh duoc c6 khi clo iSn trong khi hidro clorua? (niau trdng) ^ .
b) Thu duoc khi clo tCr h6n hop khi b cau a?
c) Thu khi hidro clorua tiJr h6n hop khi a cau a? KBr + A g N O j > AgBr^ + K N O 3
Viet PTHH ciia cac phan ung xay ra. (mau vang nhat) ,
Ki thu4t tn6i gidi nhanh BT Hod hgc, tap 2-Cu Thanh Toan
Diû che' H I : tuong tir diû che' HBr b Irtn hoSc tir I , ta dieu che' H I bang
each dung khi H,S khu I , .
KI + AgNOj > Agl i + KNO3
(mdu vang) I , + H,S — ^ 2HI + S
Cdch 2: La'y m6t it chat trong m6i lo dem hoa tan vao nir6c diroc cac dung dich C&a l ^ - ^ ' " ^ m\x6\l cAn thie't d^ c6 10 tain mu6'i an
rifing biet. chiia 2,5% N a l . _ • ,
- Dung djch nho tac dung duoc nir6c brom tao ra tinh th^ c6 mau den t i m , do Hu&ng ddn gidi
la dung dich K I . Trong 10 tab mu6'i an chiia 2,5% N a l ^ Vh6i lugmg mu6'i N a l c6 trong 10 ta'n
Br2 + 2 K I ^ 2KBr + l2
- Nhutig dung dich con lai, dung djch nao tac dung duoc voi C l j tao ra dung niu6-i an = = 0,25(ta'n)
dich C O mû vang nau (mau ciia Btj tan trong nu6c), do la dung dich KBr.
Vay kh6'i luong ciia N a Q = 10 - 0,25 = 9,75(ta'n).
+ 2KBr -> 2KC\ Br,
Cka 1 8 : M 6 t h6n hop Y g6m A l va Fe. Cho 22 gam Y tac dung vdri 2 lit dung djch
- Hai dung dich con lai la K F va K C l : Cho tac dung vdi dung dich A g N O j ,
H Q 0,3M thu diroc V l i t k h i H , (dktc). ^
dung djch nao tao ra k6t tiia t r l n g , do la dung dich K C l .
a. Chung minh rang h6n hop Y kh6ng tan het. Tinh Vj^^ (dktc).
K Q + AgNOj ^ A g C l i + KNO3
- Dung djch con lai la K F , kh6ng phan utig vdri A g N O j . b. Cho 22 gam Y tac dung vdri clo du thu duoc mj gam mu6'i. Na'u cho 22 gam
b) Dieu che halogen tUcmg iTng tiJt mud'i da cho : Y tac dung v6i iot d u thu duoc m2 gam mu6'i. Biet m2 - m , = 139,3 gam. Tinh
- Diiu ch6 F , : D'l&n phan K F tan trong chat long H F khan thu duoc F , or an6t. khd'i luong m6i k i m loai trong 22 gam Y.
- D i l u che' Clf. Didn phan dung djch K Q trong nu6c, c6 mang ngan. Hu&ng ddn gidi
a) Dat s6' mol A l va Fe c6 trong 22g h6n horp Y la x mol v^ y m o l .
2Ka + 2H2O _ J P ^ H,t + CI21 + 2 K O H
m.n A l + 3 H ^ - ) > A P * + 3/2H,T (1)
* Diû che Br,: Cho H2SO4 dac tac dung vdi h6n hcxp rSn KBr va M n O j dun nong: Fe + 2 H * ^ F e - ^ + H 2 t (2)
2KBr + H2S04,<,j,) — ^ K2SO4 + 2HBr (1) HHCI = 2. 0,3 = 0,6 (mol)
Gia sir k i m loai phan ling hat - > n H * phan ufng = 3x + 2y

M n O j + 4HBr — ^ M n B r , + Br, + 2H2O (2) V i kim loai het nan: 3x + 2y < 0,6 (I) "it t
M n B r , + H2SO4 — ^ MnS04 + 2HBr (3) Tac6: 0^4.,= x + y - > ^ < x + y < ^ ^ 0,392 < x + y < 0,815
Phan umg t6ng cua (1), (2), (3) la: 56 27
0,784 < 2x + 2y < 3x + 2y (II)
2KBr + M n O , + 2H2SO4 K.SO, + M n S 0 4 + Br2+ 2H2O (4)
TiJr (I) va (II) ta tha'y diû gia sir sai. Vay axit phan ufng hat
- Diû cha' I2 tuong t u diû che Br2 va c6 phan ling t6ng la:
->nH, = - n + =0,3 mol = 0,3. 22,4 = 6 , 7 2 l i t .
2 K I + M n O , + 2H2SO4 — ^ K2SO4 + M n S 0 4 + I2+ 2H2O
Dieu chehidro halogen tit cac muoi tuang itng: ^) Cac phuong trinh phan ung:
- Didu cha' H F : K F + H2SO4 — ^ KHSO4 + H F T A1+-a,-> AICI3

2 •
- D i l u cha' H C l : K Q + H2SO4 — ^ KHSO4 + H C l t
Fe+ - C l , - > F e C l 3 , . . '
- Diû cha' HBr: Dian phan dung djch KBr c6 mang ngSn (hoac tac dung
vdri dung djch KBr, hoSc cho mu6'i KBr tac dung vdri h6n hop M n 0 2 va H2SO4 ~ * m , = I 3 3 , 5 x + 162,5y (1)
dac) duoc Br,, sau do cho Br, tac dung vdri H j 6 nhiat d6 cao diroc HBr.
Al+-I,->All3
2KBr + 2H2O — ^ E ^ l ^ H2 + Br, + 2 K O H 2 •
Fe + I , ^ Fel 2
H2 + Br, — ^ 2HBr
61
- > m 2 = 408x + 310y (2) 58,5a + 103b + 150c = 5,76 a = 0,02 (mol)
Theo hM ra ta c6; 27x + 56y = 22 58,5a+ 103{b + c) = 5,29 b = 0,03(mol), y = 0,02(mol) ,
m j - m , = 139,3 ^ 2 7 4 , 5 x + 147,5y= 139,3 ' i» \
- > % m N . . = 26%, % m N , B r = 53,65%, %mN,ci = 20,35%.
-> X = 0,4 mol va y = 0,2 mol. ;^ u .T,r
Cû 20: Co h6n hop 3 mu6'i MgClj, NaBr va Nal. Hoa tan h6n hop vô nirdc diroc
Vay ITIAI = 10,8 gam va m p . = 11,2 gam. i ^• » ' »"
dung djch X. Cho X tac dung vod 500 ml dung dich AgNO, 1,7M, thu duoc
Cau 19: Cho h6n hop A g6m c6 NaCl, NaBr \h Nal. Hoa tan 5,76 gam A vko nu6^
109,1 gam ke't ttia. Loc la'y dung dich, sau do thfim m6t luong Mg kim loai (du)
r6i cho tac dung vdi lirong du dung dich nude brom, sau phan ufng hoan tokn thu
vao dung djch nay, khua'y ki cho dd'n khi phan ling hoan toan tha'y kh6'i luong
ducrc 5,29 gam mu6'i khan. Mat khac, khi hoa tan 5,76 gam A vao nuoc r6i cho
kim loai tang 19,2 gam. Nd'u sue khi Clj dir vao dung djch X cho de'n khi cac
m6t luomg khi clo di qua, sau phan ting c6 can thu diroc 3,955 gam mu6'i khan
phan utig hoan toan sau do c6 can dung djch, thu duoc 33,625 gam mu6'i khan.
trong d6 c6 chiia 0,05 mol NaCl.
Viet cac PTPU" xay ra va ti'nh thanh ph^n % kh6'i luong ciia m6i chat trong h6n
^ 1. Viet cac PTHH ciia cac phan irng xay ra. hopdSu.
2. Tinh % kh6'i luong cac chat trong h6n hop A.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Hu&ng dan gidi
Theo bai ra: n^gNOj =0,5.1,7 = 0,85(mol)
1. Cac PTHH xay ra:
Goi X, y, z \in luot la s6' mol M g Q , , NaBr va Nal trong dung djch X.
2NaI + Br, > 2NaBr + 1 , (1)
* X tac dung vol dung djch AgNOj:
2NaI + a , > 2NaCl + I, (2)
MgCI, + 2AgN03-> 2Agai + MgCNOj),
2NaBr + CI, > 2NaCl + Br, (3)
X 2x ^ 2x
2. Goi a, b, c Idn luot la s6' mol ciia NaQ, NaBr, Nal, theo d^ ta c6:
NaBr + AgNOj ^ A g B r i + NaNOj r,
58,5a + 103b + 150c = 5,76 (*)
y -> y y V?
Theo (1) va theo bai ra ta c6:
58,5a + 103(b + c) = 5,29 (**) Nal + AgNOj -> A g l i + NaNOj
Tur (*) va (**): z -> z -> z
r58,5a +103b + 150c = 5,76 2AgN03 + Mg -> MgCNOj), + 2Agi

1 i ^ =>c=0,l (0,85 - 2x - y - z) ^ (0,85 - 2x - y - z)/2 (0,85 - 2x - y - z)
[58,5a + 103(b + c) = 5,29 Theo bai ra ta c6: 108 (0,85 - 2x - y - z) - 12 (0,85 - 2x - y - z) = 19,2
* Xet trufirng hofp 1: = > 0 , 8 5 - 2 x - y - z = 0,2z:>2x + y + z = 0,65 (1)
Nal du => NaBr chua phan ting. Mat khac ta c6: ke't tiia thu duc»c g6m 2x mol A g Q ; y mol AgBr v^ z mol Agl
Goi X la s6' mol Nal phan ling. Theo ptpu (1) va (2) vk theo bî ra ta c6: =>287x+ 188y + 235z= 109,1 (2)
58,5(a + X ) + 103b + 150(c -- x) = 3,955 (***) * Khi (du) phan ihig voi dung djch X: *
a + x = 0,05 (****)
a , + 2NaBr-> 2Naa + Br2 '
Ke't hop (*), (**), (***), (****) (loai vi c - X < 0)
y -> y
* Xet t r u ^ g hflfp 2:
CI, + 2NaI -> 2Naa + 1 ,
NaBr phan ung 1 phSn => Nal phan irng he't.
z -> z
Goi y la s6' mol NaBr phan ufng. Theo (1), (2), (3) v^ theo bî ra ta c6:
a , + M g Q , -> Kh6ng xay ra ^
58,5(a + c + y) + 103(b - y) = 3,955 (*****)
a + c + y = 0,05 (******) 5a, + Br2 + 6H2O lOHQ + 2HBr03 «' '
Ke't hop (*), (**), ( * * * * * ) , (******) ta c6: SQj +12 + 6H2O ^ 1OHCI + 2HIO3
Û6'i thu diroc g6m: (y + z) mol NaQ; x mol M g Q j
=^ 58,5 (y + z) + 95x = 33,625 (3)
63
TCr ( 1 , 2, 3) => X = 0,2; y = 0,15; z = 0,1
. 22: Hoa tan hoan toan h6n hc^ X g6m Fe va M g bang m6t luong vifa du dung
Vay thanh phan % kh6'i lucmg m6i chat trong h6n hop: dich HCl 20%, thu duoc dung djch Y. N6ng do cua FeCXj trong dung djch Y la
95.0,2.100% 15 76%. Tinh n6ng d6 ph^n tram cua MgCl2 trong dung djch Y .
%m = = 38,42% Hu&ng ddn gidi
95.0,2 + 103.0,15 + 150.0,1 p.;** ^ - ^ ^
Goi X va y I5n luot la s6' mol cua Fe va M g trong 1 mol h6n hop
103.0,15.100% .,^.a,
Phan ling: Fe + 2 H a ^ F e Q j + H^ (1) 'CI
%mK,„o, = = 31,24%
"^^^^ 95.0,2 + 103.0,15 + 150.0,1 M g + 2 H a M g Q j + H2 (2) • i. < ,
% m N a , = 100 - (38,42 + 31,24) = 30,34%. Theo ( 1 , 2): n ( H a ) = 2 mol va n(H2) = 1 mol
Cau 21: Sau khi dun nong 23,7 gam K M n 0 4 t h u duoc 22,74 gam h6n hop ch&i ran. Suy ra: m (dung djch moi) = 56x + 24y - 2 + 36,5. 2. 100/20 = 56x + 24y + 363
Cho h6n hop chat ran trfin tac dung hoan toan vdi dung djch axit H Q 36,5% X + y=1
(d = 1,18 g/ml) dun nong. Tac6he: 127x ^ 15,76
r:>x = y = 0,5
1) Viet P T H H cua cac phan umg xay ra. 56x + 24y + 3 6 3 ~ 100
2) Tinh t h ^ tfch khi C I , thu duoc (d dktc).
95.0,5.100
3) Tinh the' ti'ch dung djch axit HCl cin diing. vay: C%Mgci2 = -% = 11,79%.
Hu&ng dan gidi 56.0,5 + 24.0,5 + 363
1. Cac phuong trinh phan ling xay ra: Cau 23: Nung 14,38 gam h6n hop KCIO3 va KMn04 in6t thori gian duoc h6n hop
,o
2 K M n 0 4 — > K2Mn04 + M n O j + O2 t chat ran A va 1,344 lit (dktc) khi thoat ra. Cho dung djch HCl dac, d u vao A de'n
khi cac phan ung ke't thiic tha'y c6 3,36 lit khi (dktc) thoat ra (cho rang cac khi
Chat ran sau phan ling g6m: K2Mn04, M n O , va K M n 0 4 chua phan utig.
tao ra d i u thoat he't khoi dung djch). Thanh ph^n % kh6'i luong ciia KMn04
Cho san ph£m tac dung vdi dung djch HCl c6 cac phan ung: trong h6n hop ban dSu la
2 K M n 0 4 + 16HCI ^ 2KC1 + 2MnCU + 5 0 , + SHjO A. 35,6%. B. 65,9%. C. 76,8%. D. 56,8%.
K2Mn04 + 8HC1 ^ 2KC1 + M n C l , + 2CI2 + 4H2O Hu&ng ddn gidi '-
Theo bai ra: =0,06 (mol); nci2 = 0 , 1 5 ( m o l ) . ,
M n O j + 4HC1 — ^ M n C l 2 + CI2 + 2H2O
Ta CO so do cac qua trinh xay ra: V
Ta CO cac qua trinh:
KCI
Mn^^ + 5e Mn*^
0,15 mol 0,75 +.5 -I
Mn02 +HC1 KCI
20'^ ->• O2 + 4e KCIO3 -02 -CI2 +2
KCIO3
(23,7-22,74)732 0,12 MnCl.
KMnO. KMn04
2Cr ^ CI2 + 2e - , (A)
X 2x £>at x, y l^n luot la s6' mol cua KCIO3, K M n 0 4 trong h6n hop ban ddu.
A p dung djnh luat bao toan electron ta c6: Theo bai ra ta c6: 122,5x + 158y = 14,38 (1)
Theo djnh luat bao toan electron ta c6: 6x + 5y = 0,06.4 + 0,15.2 (2)
5. 0,15 = 0,03. 4 + 2x -> x = 0,315 mol
Tfr ( 1 , 2) ta c6: x = 0,04; y = 0,06.
V
- > V = 0,315. 22,4 = 7,056 lit <
A p dung djnh luat bao toan nguyen t6: Vay % „'KMn04
, _ _ . 1 ^ ^ : 0 , 2 ^ . 65,9%
14,38
" H C l = n K C i +2nMnci2 + 2 n c i 2 =0,15 + 2.0,15 + 2.0,315 = 1.08 mol ^ ^ p an dung la B.
X, 1,08.36,5.100 ^ , Cac qua trinh cho - nhan electron:
vay ^ = 91,53(ml).
a*'
V,„„,,i,,HO =
+ 6e ^ Cr' Mn"' + 5e Mn*2
20- - 4e O, 2Cr' - 2e CI2.

64
I I 0X1, O Z O N V A H I D R O PEOXIT
CHUYiN o f 2 : K T T H U A T G I A I NHANH
O x i (O2) Ozon (O3) Hidro peoxit ( H 2 O 2 )
CAC DANG BAi TAP VE N H 6 M O X I - Ll/U H U t N H
- K h i kh6ng mau, kh6ng - K h i mau xanh - Chat long kh6ng
Tinh
chat miii- nhat, CO m u i dSc mau nang hon nir6c.
A. LITHUYfiT - ft tan trong nir6c. trung. - Tan v6 han trong
vat
- O 3 tan gap I 6 I & O 2 . nu6c.
I. T 6 N G Q U A N Vfi CAC N G U Y £ N T6 N H O M OXI ( N H O M VIA)
* L a phi k i m hoat d6ng c6 * Co tinh oxi hoa rat * Viifa CO tinh o x i
Tinh
tinh oxi hoa manh. manh va rnanh hon hoa (manh) vufa c6
Luru chat
Oxi (O) Selen (Se) Telu (Te) Poloni (Po) hoa - Phan tur tuong doi bin tinh k h i .
huynh(S) - Rat k6m b^n: -K^mb^n:
hoc (Eo = o = 494kJ/mol)
Ca'u hinh XI
>2000''c 0 + 0 O3 >02 + 0 2H202
electron lop 3s^3p* 4s-4p'* 5s-5p'' 6s'6p' O.
2H20 + 0 ,
ngoai cung
- Tac dung vdi hSu het k i m - O x i hoa Mu het -Tac dung v6i chat
0,066 0,104 0,117 0,137 0,164 loai (trir A u , Pt) va hiu het cac k i m loai (trijf A u , khu:
phi k i m (trur halogen): Pt) va phi k i m : H2O2 + 2 K I - >
D 6 am didn 3,44 2,58 2,55 2,10 2,00
. . . ^ 200°C 2Ag + O3 I2 + 2 K 0 H
I , (kJ/mol) 1314 1000 941 869 812 4 A g H- O . > -> Ag20 + O2 H2O2 + SO2
2Ag,0 H2SO4
Ssda Po (tinh the
Phan tit ben o. Seoo Teoo H2O2 + K N O 2
phucng) k i m loai
K N O 3 + H2O
kh6ng
M ^ u sic mau v^ng mau xam t r l n g bac trang bac .0 - Tac dung vdi chat
mau 2Cu + O , — ^ 2CuO 3Cu + O 3 oxi hoa:
D(g/cm^) 1,27.10"^ 2,06 4,80 6,24 9,30 3CuO
2CO + O . ^ 2CO, 3 C O + O 3 - > 3CO2 5H202+2KMnO,+
t°„c(°C) -218,9 119,3 217 449,3 254 3H2S64 -> 2MnS04
444,60 684,90 990,00 + 5 O 2 + K,S04
-182,96 962,00
+ 8H,0
Ham lucmg a 3H2+O3 ->3H20
v6 trai da't (% 58,0 0,03 10' 10' 2.10" 2H, + O , 2H,0
stf nguy6n tCr) O3+ 2KI + H2O H,o,+ a .
^ I2 + 2 K d H + O2 O , + 2HC1
Hop chat - Chung ca't phan doan uv 4.
H2O K2S H2Se H2Te ^ -30, 2O3
voi hidro Tinh ben giani dan Che' khong khi long.
as.xt
- 6CO, + 6 H , 0
C,HnO, + 6 0 .
Hep chat H2SO4 H2Se04 H2Te04 ^
- Nhiet phan:
hidroxit Tinh axit giam dan
2KMn04
KMnO, + O2 + MnO.
2KCIO3 >
2KC1 + 3O2
2H,0, ^ O, + 2H,0
67
I I I . LirU H U Y N H VA HIDRO SUNFUA L U U H U Y N H D I O X I T VA L U U H U V N H TRIOXIT
Liru huynh (S) Hidro sunfua (HjS)
Luu huynh dioxit, S O 2 Liru huynh trioxit, S O 3
Tinh - La tinh thd' mau vang, - La chaft khi khdng mau, m u i tning
- La chat k h i , khdng mau, miii - La chat long, khdng mû.
chflft kh6ng tan trong nirdc, tan thd'i, d6c, ft tan trong nude.
trong dung m6i hiru ca. chA hac, nang hem khdng k h i . - Tan v d han trong nu6c va trong
v|tly
- Tan nhiû trong nudrc, khi d6c. axit sunfuric (tao ra oleum
Tinh - Tinh khir: - Tinh k h u manh: vatly
H2SO4. nS03).
chA 2H2S + 302(d^, _> 2SO2 +2H2O
hoa S+ — ^ SO,
' fic SO3 + H2O >H2S04,
hoc H2S(k) + a2(k, — • 2 H a + S4. S 0 , , „ + H20 ^ H.SO,^,,^
dung vori
2 S + CI, — ^ s,a2
H2S + 4 0 2 + 4 H 2 O ^ SHO + H2SO4 AH<0
S + SF, > SFg T i c d u i i g ^ Tao ra 2 loai mu6'i: Tao ra mud'i sunfat:

H2S + 3H2S04(j) > 4SO2 + 4 H 2 O
v6i k i ^ m SO2 + NaOH -> NaHSOj SO3 + 2 N a O H - >
S + 2H2S04<^) > H2S + 6HN03(a)->
SO2 + 2 N a O H -> Na2S03 + H2O Na2S04 + H2O
3SO2+2H2O S O 2 + 6 N O 2 + 4H2O
2H2S + SO2 ^ 3 S + 2H2O
S + 6HN03(,) > Tac dung SO2 + CaO > CaS03 SO3 + PaO > CaS04
H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O
HjS + 2 F e a 3 ^ S + 2 F e a 2 + 2HO voi oxit
- Tinh o x i hoa: baza
- Tinh axit: axit rat yfi'u, tao 2 loai
mu6'i(S--,HS-): Tinh oxi SO3 + 2 K I > I2 + K2SO3
SO, + 2 M g — ^ S + 2MgO
S + Fe ' ° > FeS hoa
3S03+2NH3^N2 +
HjS + N a O H > NaHS + H2O SO, + 2H2S > 3S + 2H2O
+ 3SO2 + 3H2O
HgS,,)(fthuomg) H2S + 2NaOH > NajS +2H2O SO2 + 4 H I - > 2I2 + S + 2 H , 0
S + H2 < ^ HjS 2SO3 ' ^ ^ ^ > 2SO2 + O2
H2S + CUSO4 > CuS i + H2SO4
Tinh
2SO, + 02 < >• 2SO3,
HjS + O2 > S + H2O khir
Dieu FeS + 2Ha — ^ H j S t + FeOj AH<0
che 2H2S + SO2 >
SO, + NO2 > SO3 + N O
3 S + 2H,0
S02(k) + CI20,) > S020,(h)
Chat ran, mau vang, khdng Pb(N03)2 + H2S -> P b S i + 2 H N O 3
Nhan tan trong nirorc SO2 + Brj + 2H2O >
den
biet 2 H B r + H2SO4
SO, + 2FeCl3 + H2O >

2 F e C l 2 + 2HC1 + H2SO4
5 S O , + 2 K M n 0 4 + 2H2O >
K2SO4 +2MnS04 + 2H2SO4
Dilu
- S + O2 — ^ SO2 - 2 S O 2 + O2 < = = ± 2S03(h,
- 4 F e S 2 + IIO2 — ^ - H2S04.nS03 — ^ XSO3

8SO2+ 2Fe,03 + H2S04.(n-x)S03
,0
- N a , S 0 3 „ + H2S04«,d) >
S O , t + Na,S04 + H2O
68 6Q
V. so S A N H A X I T SUNFURIC L O A N G V A A X I T S U N F U R I C jViUÎ SUNFUA V A MU6l S U N F A T
Axit sunfuric losing Axit sunfuric dac, n6ng Mudi sunfua ( S ' ) Mudisunfat ( S O 4 )
DiSn l i H2SO4 > H* + HSO4 H2SO4 > IV + HSO4- (m6t pMn) - Hdu he't dû khdng tan (trCr mudi - HSu he't dû tan (tril
—ffnivtan
HSO4 ^ H * + S04- sunfua ciia cac k i m loai nhdm l A , BaS04, PbS04, SrS04,
H2SO4 > H2SO4 (chu ye'u)
I I A (trCr BeS), amoni). CaS04).
Tac Zn + H2SO4 ZnS04 + H . t SO2
dung - Khdng mau: Na.S, KjS, CaS, - M u d i sunfat khan hSu nhu
Fe + H , S 0 4 - > F e S 0 4 + H 2 t Zn + H2SO4 ->• ZnS04 + ^ S +H2O BaS, ... diu c6 mhu trSng.
vdri k i m
Cu + H,S04 khdng xay ra HjS - M a u den: CuS, PbS, Ag.S, FeS,... - C U S O 4 . 5 H 2 O (hoac dung
loai
- Mau trang: ZnS,... , , djch C U S O 4 ) cd mhu xanh
2Fe + 6H2SO4 - > Fe2(SO4)3 +
- M a u vang: CdS,... lam,....
+ :5SO2 + 6H2O
- Mau do: HgS,...
Cu + 2H2SO4 CUSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
- Mau hdng: MnS.
Tac S + 2H2SO4 - ) . 3 S 0 2 + 2H2O
Phan uTig - M u d i sunfua tan trong nude, bi - M u d i sunfat tan ciia k i m
dung
Kh6ng phan ling 2 C + 4H2SO4 - > 2CO2 + 4SO2 + 4H2O thuy phan manh cho mdi trudng loai trung binh hoac y€u bi
v6i phi thiiy phan
H . + H2SO4 ^ SO2 + 2H2O kiem: thiiy phan tao ra m d i trudng
kim
S- +H2O fz> HS+OH" axit:
Tac FeO + H2S04-> FeS04+ H.O 2FeO + 4H2SO4 _> Fe2(S04)3 +
C U S O 4 + 2H2O
dung Fe304+4H2S04^ FeS04 + + SO2 + 4H2O - M d t sd mudi sunfua nhu AI2S3,
vdi oxit Fe,S3, Cr2S3, MgS bj thuy phan Cu(OH)2 + H 2 S O 4
+ Fe2(S04)3 + 4 H 2 0 2Fe3O4+10H2SO4 3Fe2(S04)3 +
baza, hoan tokn:
Fe(OH)2+ H2S04-> FeS04 4 + S O 2 + IOH2O
mu6'i CO AI2S3 + 6H2O ^ 2 A 1 ( 0 H ) 3 + 3H2S
tinh khijr + 2H2O 2Fe(OH)2+4H2S04-> Fe2(S04)3
Tac dung vdri PbS + 4 O 3 ^ PbS04 + 4O2 Khdng xay ra
FeCOj + H2SO4 ^ FeS04 + + SO2+6H2O
cha't oxi hoa
+ CO2 + H2O 2FeC03+ 4H2S04^ Fe2(S04)3 CU2S + 12HNO3 — ^ CUSO4 +
+ SO2+ 2CO2 + 4H2O Cu(NO3)2+10NO2 + 6H2O
Tac Tac dung vdi Khdng xay ra
FejOj + 3H2SO4 > Fe2(S04)3 + SH.O M2S„ + 2 n H * ^ 2 M " * + n H 2 S t
dung axit H 2 S O 4 FeS + 2Ha FeCK + H2S
vdi oxit CuO + H2SO4 > CUSO4 + H2O loang, HCl
baza, Na2S +H2S04-> Na2S04+H2S
2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 > Fe2{S04)3 + 6H2O
baza, Mu6'i khdng - M u d i sunfua cua cac k i m loai - Cac mudi nhu BaS04,
muî 2 N a O H + H2SO4 > Na2S04 + 2H2O tan trong nang nhu CuS, Ag2S, PbS, HgS,... SrS04, PbS04,...
khdng nw6c, trong
H,S04 + Na2S03 > Na,S04 + SO, + H , 0
c6 tinh axit HCl,
khur H2SO4 + K,C03 > K2SO4 + CO2 + H , 0 H2SO4 loang.
Tac 3H2SO4 + H2S - > 4SO2 +
dung Nhan bie't - Gia'y t^m dung dich Pb(N03)2, - Dung dich chiia ion Ba'*:
+ 4H2O
vdri hcrp AgNOj hoac CUSO4,...: Ba^* + S 0 4 " - ) • BaS04i
H2SO4 + 2 H B r ^ SO2 +
cha't c6 FeS + H2S04 > FeS04 + H2S Pb-" + S'- > PbSi den
+ Brj + 2H2O trang
tinh khijf
H2SO4 + 8 H I - > H2S + 2Ag" + S-- > Ag2S iden
+12 + 4H2O Cu-* + S-- > CuS i d e n
71
^ i r o n g phap bien \ukn: M = k n . Trong do:
B. C A C D A N G B A I T A P T R O N G THI T U Y ^ N SINK DH - CD
1^- phan tir kh6'i ciia chat hoSc nguydn tir khd'i cua k i m loai.
Dang 1: Xdc dinh chat - hoa trj (vod k i m loai n = 1, 2 hoSc 3)
Y: 1^ m6t hang so c6 gia tri tuy theo dU kien bai ra.
1. L i thuyet vîn dung va phuong phap giai:
* Cac phurcmg phap giai nhanh thircmg duoc sir dung Ai giai cac bai tap dang nay: iJsi luot thay cac gia t r i n (n = 1,2 va 3) vao biû thiic M , tir d6 n i t ra chSft cin
• Phirong phap xac dinh ch&'t dua vao cong thurc tinh phan tur khoi: Gia siJr CQ tim-
chat cho electron la A . Ta c6:
M6t P T H H cin luu y: . ^ ,
A ke 2FeO + 4H2SO4 -> Fe,(S04)3 + SO, + 4H2O , '.
2Fe304 + 10H,SO4 3Fe2(S04)3 + SO, + lOHÔ
-.k
2FeS + 10H,SO4 Fe2(S04)3 + 9SO, + lOHÔ
2FeS2 + I4H2SO4 - ) • Fe2(S04)3 + ISSO^ + M H ^ O
Vay: -.k = n (cho) • M A = — ^ 2FeC03 + 4H2SO4 - > Fe,(S04)3 + SO, + 2CO, + 4H2O
"e(cho) 2. Cac thi du minh hoa:
+ Dua v i o cac dS kiSn bai ra cho, xac djnh duac cac dai luong m ^ , k , (^ho)- Thidu / : Hoa tan hoan toan 24 gam h6n hop X g6m M O , M ( 0 H ) 2 v a MCO3 ( M
+ Tinh gia t r i MA- la k i m loai c6 hoa trj khong d6i) trong 100 gam dung djch H2SO4 39,2%, thu
+ Tir phan tir khd'i xac dinh duoc chat cin t i m . duoc 1,12 lit khi (dktc) va dung djch Y chi chiia m6t chat tan duy nhaft c6
Phirong phap trung binh: C6ng thiic tinh nguyfin tiif kh6'i trung binh ciia hai n6ngd6 39,41%.
K i m loai M la
— m
k i m loai lidn tifi'p trong ciing ni6t nhom A : M = hh A.Zn B.Ca C. M g D . Cu
(Trich dethi tuyen sink DH khoi B ndm 2013)
+ T i n h cac lucmg chat da cho trong bai ra.
Hu&ng dan giai
+ Vid't phuong trinh hoa hoc (sor d6 hoa hoc) su dung k i hidu trung binh.
+ Tinh dai luong trung binh thi'ch hop. V i dung djch Y chi chiia m6t chat tan => H,S04 phan ling vCra d i i , chat tan la
+ Rut ra ka't luan va tinh cac dai luong theo ydu ciu. MSO4.
Phuong phap bao toan electron: Trong phan ting oxi hoa khiir, t6ng s6 mol Theo djnh luat bao toan khd'i luong ta c6: mx + itidjî, = m
electron do chat khir cho phai diing bang tdng s6' mol electron do chat o x i hoa dd sau ^C02
=>m<,d„„ = 2 4 + 1 0 0 - 0 , 0 5 . 4 4 = 121,8 (gam)
nhan:
1 on 3Q 9 7-
Z e (cho) = I e (nhan) =:> n,ho. N,,h„ = n„hj„.N. „h,„ Tatha-y n^,so4 = nH2S04 = 1 ^ = ° ' ^ ( ™ ° 0 (baoto^n s6'mol ion S O ^ )
+ Vi6t cac qua trinh o x i hoa, qua trinh khir (khdng c^n vifi't phuong trinh phan
ling o x i hoa - Vhvt). Theo bai ra: + = 39,41 => M = 24 ( M Ik k i m loai M g )
+ Dat ^ n , dua vao djnh luat bao toan electron lap duoc phuong trinh dai sd. 121,8
+ Giai hd phuong trinh, xac dinh duoc M chat c^n t i m . . Dap an dung la C.
Phirong phap bao toan khoi lirong: Trong m6t phan ling hoa hoc, t6ng khd'i ^hi du 2: Cho m gam m6t oxit sat phan irng vira dii vod 0,75 m o l H2SO4, thu
luong ciia cac chat san ph£m bang t6ng kh6'i lucmg ciia cac chat tham gia phan duoc dung djch chi chiia m6t mu6'i duy nhit va 1,68 l i t k h i SO2 (dktc, san
ling. Ph^m khiJr duy nha't ciia S**). Gia trj cua m la
Gia six c6 phan ling: aA + bB - > cC + d D A . 24,0 B. 34,8 C. 10,8 D . 46,4
Theo dinh luat bao toan khd'i luong ta c6: m^ + mg = mc + mo (Trich dethi tuyen sink DH khoi B ndm 2013)
Ap dung: Trong m6t phan ling, c6 n cha't (k^ ca chaft phan ihig va san p h i m ) . Hu&ng dan giai
n6'u bie't khd'i luong ciia (n - 1) chat thi tinh duoc kh6"i luong cua chat con lai. "nieobaira: n s o 2 - 1 , 6 8 / 2 2 , 4 = 0,075(mol)
7^
TO
V i tao san phim khu SO, => Oxit sat la FeO hoac Fe304. ' N 1 2 3
Gia sis oxit sat la FeO: M 32 64 96
2FeO + 4H2SO4 Fe2(S04)3 + SO, + 4H2O ' KiTluan Loai Cu Loai
' ' ' 0,3 <- 0,075 (mol) ' 'V>"^
vay X la kim loai Cu.
V i s6'mol H,S04 = 0,3 ^ 0,75 loai. ' '
£)iip an dung la C
Vay oxit sat la Fe304. That vay:
2Fe304 + IOH2SO4 -> 3Fe2(S04)3 + SO, + !0H,O
-^îT'îTsTM&t mSu khi thai duoc sue vao dung djch CUSO4, tha'y xuat hidn ke't
tiia mau den. Hien tufcmg nay do cha't nao c6 trong khi thai gay ra? •
0,15 0,76 <- 0,075 (mol)
A. H2S. B. NO2. C. SO2. D. CO2.
vay m = 0,15 . 232 = 34,8 (gam)
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoi B)
Dap an dung la B.
Huong ddn gidi
Thi du 3: Cho Fe tac dung vdi dung djch H,S04 loang tao thanh khi X; nhiet
Khi thai chiJ-a H2S: H2S + CUSO4 CuS i +H2SO4
phan tinh th^ KNO3 tao thanh khi Y; cho tinh thi KMn04 tac dung vdi dung
den
djch HCl dac tao thanh khi Z. Cac khi X, Y va Z l^n lugt la
A. H2, O, va CI2. B. SO,, O, va Cl^. D^p 4n <Jung 1^ A- ^
'rhTdu 6: Dot diay hoan toan 7,2 gam kim loai M (c6 hoa trj hai khong d6i
C. a,, O, va H,S. D. H , , NO, va Q^.
trong hap chat) trong h6n hop khi CI, va O2. Sau phan ling thu dufoc 23,0 gam
(Trich de tuyen sink Cao dang khoi A)
chat ran va th^ tich h6n hop khi da phan utig la 5,6 lit (d dktc). Kim loai M la
Hu&ng ddn gidi A.Mg B.Cu CBe D. Ca
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 (l) ^ FeS04 + T (X) (Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
2KNO3 — ^ 2 K N 0 2 + O2 T (Y) Hu&ng ddn gidi
2KMn04 +16HC1 -> 2HC1 + 2MnCl2 + SHjO + 5CI2 t (Z) 86' mol h6n hop khi da phan ling: n^j, = = 0,25(mol)
vay X, Y, Z \in lirot la H , , O, va CI,.
So d6 phan umg: M + O2, CI, -> MO, MCh
Dap an dung la A.
Theo djnh luat bao toan kh6'i lirong: m ^ + m,,h(o2,ci2) ^ '"(r)
Thidu 4: Oxi hoa hoan toan m gam kim loai X cSn vifa du 0,25m gam khi O2. X
la kim loai nao sau day? =^'"hh02,a2 = " i ( r ) - ' " M = 2 3 , 0 - 7 , 2 = 15,8(g)
A.Ca. B.Al. CCu. D. Fe.
Goi X, y Idn lirgt la s6' mol CI,, O,.
(Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A) x + y=0,25
Taco: < . Giai ra ta duoc: x = 0,2; y = 0,05
Hu&ng ddn gidi 71x + 32y = 15,8
PTHH: 4X + n02 ^ 2X20„ Cic qua trinh oxi hoa khir xay ra:
0
4 -> n
M > M"^ + ne
m 0,25m
CI2 + 2e > 2cr
7,2 7,2n 0,2 - > 0,4
X 32 . •M M—
O2 + 4e 20'\2-
0,05 - ^ 0 , 2
^ e o dinh luat bao toan electron, ta c6:
7,2n --rr^^^'pTHo'i thuy ngSn rat d6c, bdi vSy khi lam v5 nhiet kfi' thiiy ngan thi chat
M = 0,4 + 0,2=0,6 =>7,2n=0,6M =>M = 12n
N 1 2 3 ^. v6i s6'ng. B. cat. C. mu6'i Sn. D. luu huynh.
M 12 24 36 (Trich dethi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B)
Ke't luan Loai Mg Loai Hu&ng ddn gidi
Vay kim loai M la Mg. Chat b6t dung d^ thu gom thuy ngSn (d6c hai) bj roi vai la b6t luu huynh (mau
Dap an dung la A. vang nhat, con goi la didm sinh):
Thi du 7: Chat khi X tan trong nuotc tao ra m6t dung djch lam chuy^n mau qu^ PTPU": Hg(,) +S(,) > HgS(,j„,
ti'm thanh do va c6 th^ duoc dung lam chat t^y mau. Khi X la nipan dung
f^fdulO: Chola0,01
D mol m6t hop chat ciia sit tac dung h6't voi H2SO4 dac, nong
A. SO, B. O3 C. N H 3 D. CO2 (du) thoat ra 0,112 lit (cf dktc) khi SO2 (la san ph^m khir duy nhSft). C6ng thuc
(Trich de tuyen sink Cao dang - Khoi A) ciia hop chat sat do la
Hu&ng ddn gidi A.FeS. B. FeCOj. C. FeS2. D. FeO.
(Trich dethi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B)
Khi X la SO,: SO2 + H2O ^ t H2SO3
axit sunfuro Hu&ng ddn gidi
Do do dung djch SO, lam quy tim hoa do. 0,112
Khi SO2 thuomg duoc dung lam chat t^y mau (t^y trang ducmg, gi^y,...) Theo bai ra: n SO2 22,4 = 0,005 (mol)
Dap an dung la A. Ta tha'y: 2FeO + 4H2S04<,,„,„, Fe2(S04)3 + SO, + 4H2O
Thi du 8: Cho 0,015 mol m6t loai hofp chait oleum vao nude thu duoc 200 ml 0,01 (mol) 0,005 (mol)
dung djch X. Di trung hoa 100 ml dung djch X c^n dung 200 ml dung djch vay hop chat sat do la FeO.
NaOH 0,15M. Ph^n tram ve kh6'i luong ciia nguyfin t6' luu huynh trong oleum Dap an diing la D.
tren la
Chu v; PTPU" ciia cac chat (con lai) vod H2SO4 dac, nong:
A. 32,65% B. 23,97% C. 37,86% D. 35,95%
2FeS+ IOH2SO4 > Fe2(S04)3 + 9 S O , + IOH2O
2FeC03 + 4H,S04 > Fe2(S04)3 + SO^ + 2C0, + 4 H , 0
Hu&ng ddn gidi 2FeS2 + I4H2SO4 > Fe2(S04)3 + I5SO2 + I4H2O.
Theo bai ra: nNaOH 0,2. 0,15 = 0,03 (mol)
3. Cac bai tap tir luyen:
H2S04.nS03 + nHjO ^(n + 1)H2S04 ^û 1: Hoa tan hoan toan 20,88 gam m6t oxit sat bang dung djch H2SO4 dac, nong
0,015 > 0,015.(n + l) thu duoc dung djch X va 3,248 lit khi SO2 (san phdm khir duy nha't, b dktc). Co
can dung djch X, thu duoc m gam mu6i sunfat khan. Gia trj ciia m la
H2SO4 + 2NaOH > Na2S04 + H2O ^•54,0. B.52,2. C.48,4. D. 58,0.
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc, khoi B)
0,015 <- 0,03(mol) Hu&ng ddn gidi
^ ^, 0,015.(n + l)
Dodo: i i = 0,015 =>n + l = 2 ^ n = l ( H 2 S 2 0 7 ) ra: nso2 = 0,145 (mol)
22,4
Oleum la H2S2O7 (hay H2SO4.SO3) ^ q u d t r i n h nhan electron:
Vay thanh ph^n khd'i luong nguydn t6' luu huynh trong oleum:
'^''"Is/oleum S*' + 2e - S^"
2.32.100%
178
Dap dn dung la D. 0,29 < 0,145 (mol)
= 35,95% 77
+ Tru&ng hop 1: Gia sir oxit sSt 1^ FeO: fa CO cac qua trinh:
0 +n
Fe-" - le > Fe*'
M-ne M
0,29(mol)<-0,29 > 0,29 (mol) a —» na ^ a
=> mpeo = 0,29.72 = 20,88 (gam). ' ^ +(6-m)
0 29
S(H2S04) + me- > s
Suy ra: m , „ « = m Fe2(S04)3 = " ^ - ^ ^ = ^^^"^^ na
-na (Bao toan electron)
+ Tru&ng hap 2: Gia sir oxit sSt la Fe304: m
^2- , oA*n+
3Fe''^ - 3. 1/ 3e > 3Fe^' n S O f + 2 M " ^ ->M2(S04)„ (Bao toan didn tich)
3. 0,29 < 0,29 (mol) an/2 a

V i nguySn t6' liru huynh duoc bao toan ntn ta c6:
3 0 29
Suy ra: mFe304 = • 232 = 67,28 (gam) ^ 20,88 (gam) na an .
— + — = l,25a
m 2
=^ loai trucmg hop nay.
Dap an dung la D . r ^ — + — = l , 2 5 = : > 2 n + nm = 2,5m \
C a u 2: Khi hoa tan hidroxit kim loai M(0H)2 bang m6t lucmg vira dii dung djch H2SO, m 2
20% thu dugc dung djch mu6'i trung hoa c6 n6ng d6 27,21%. K i m loai M 1 ^ Suy ra cap gia t n phii hop: n = 2, m = 8 (H2S)
A. Mg. B. Cu. C.Zn. D . Fe. 4M-f+ 5H2S04->4MS04+H2S + 4H20
PTPlT: 4M
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi Aj 19,2
0,2
Hu&ng ddn gidi M
G o i x l a s o m o l M(OH)2. 19 2 19 2
Phuong trinh phan urng: ' - = 0 , 2 . 4 = 0,8 =>M=-^=24(Mg)
M 0,8
M(OH)2 + H2SO4 > MSO4 + H2O Vay M la k i m loai M g .
X X X Ddp an dung la B. .
=> m (dd H2SO4) = 98x. 100/ 20 = 490x (gam). Chu v: - San pha'm khiJr X (khi) c6 xhi la SO2, H.S.
Kh6'i luong dung djch mu6'i thu duoc: - Trucmg hop M la Fe c6 the' tao ra sir khac biet ve each giai.
TTIM = m (M(OH)2) + m (dd H2SO4) C a u 4: Hoa tan het m6t oxit k i m loai ki^m th6 vao dung djch H2SO4 c6 ndng d6
=> = ( M + 34). X + 490x = M . x + 524. x (g) 24,4% (vira du), thi thu duoc dung djch mu6i c6 n6ng d6 27,17%. K i m loai
Theo bai ra ta c6: ( M + 96). x /[(M + 524).x] = 0,2721 ki^m thd la
( M + 96) / ( M + 524) = 0,2721 A.Sr B. Ca C. Ba D. M g
M = 64 (Cu). Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dap an diing la B. Oxit k i m loai la M O (x mol).
C a u 3: De phan iimg h6't a mol k i m loai M cin 1,25a mol H2SO4 va sinh ra khi PTPIT: M O + H2SO4 MSO4 + H2O
(san ph^m khir duy nha't). Hoa tan hd't 19,2 gam k i m loai M vao dung di' X X X
H2S04tao ra 4,48 lit khi X (san phdm khir duy nha't, dktc). K i m loai M 1^ Gia sir phan iitig da dung h6't 401,64 gam dung djch H2SO4 24,4%.
A . Cu B. M g C. A l D . Fe. 401,64.24,4
Suy "•a: nH^so4 = — = l(mol) = x
Hu&ng ddn gidi
100.98
4 48
Theo bai ra: Ux = —— = 0,2 (mol) Kh6'i lugng dung djch sau phan ii'ng:
22,4 m,,„ = 401,64 + l . ( M + 16) (gam)
79
phUOng phap phuong trinh Ion rut gon:
Theo bî ra: 27.17 = (M+96).100 ^ 24 ( M g )
4 0 1 , 6 4 + M + 16 ^ ' + Cac bu6c vie't phuong trinh ion rut gon:
^xtdc 1: V i ^ t phuong trinh phan utig ma cac chat tham gia va san ph^m dudi
Dap in dung \k D .
dang phan tir (nhd can b l n g phan ung).
Chit v: V i cac k i m loai Ca, & v a Ba d6u tao kfi't tua v6i axit sunfuric ntn chi c6
^\jdc 2: Cac cha't difin l i manh duoc vid't duoi dang ion; cac chUt kh6ng tan, k h i ,
M g tao duoc dung dich mu6i sunfat (chon ngay dap an D ) .
dien l i y ^ " ^^'^^ ^'^^ P^^" ^ phuong trinh ion dSy d i i .
Bir6c 3: Luoc bo cac ion gi6'ng nhau or hai vd' => phuong trinh ion n i t gon.
Dang 2: Xdc eUnh lUffng chat, thanh phdn cac chdt trong hon hap
+ K h i bai todn eo sir tham gia eiia h6n hop nhiû chat tdc dung vdd nhau nhung
(cac chat tham gia, sdn phdm, cdn lai sau phdn leng) c6 cung phuong trinh ion nit gon, d^ giai nhanh c6 th^ siJr dung phuong trinh ion
1. L I tbttyet v&n dung va phuong phap giai: gon di ti'nh cac ydu ciu cua. bai ra.
* Cac phuong phap giai nhanh duoc sijr dung d^ giai cdc hki t&p dang n i y : + H6n hop n h i l u axit, bazo tac dung voi nhau, phai sir dung phuong trinh ion
- Phuomg phap bao toan khoi Iirong. nit gon:

- Phuong phap bao toan electron. + OH' > H j O d^ giki.
- Phuong phap s u dung cac cong thiirc giai nhanh: * M6t sdchii y : ;
+ Cjing thirc ti'nh kh6i luong mu6i sunfat thu duoc khi hoa tan hd't h6n hop kirti Cac k i m loai manh (Na, K , Ca, Ba,...) khi cho vao dung dich mu6i thi cac k i m
loai bang H,S04 loang: m,^,,, = m,i„^^ + 96n^^^ loai nay tdc dung vdi nu6c trude, ki^m sinh ra tac dung vori mu6'i.
- M6t s6' k i m loai c6 hod trj thay d6i khi tdc dung v6i cac chat khdc nhau:
+ C6ng thiic tinh kh6'i luong muoi sunfat thu duoc k h i hoa tan h€t h6n hop oxit
Fe + H2SO4 (loang) - > FeS04 + H2
k i m loai bang H2SO4 loang:m^„f„ = mt,^,^^ + 80nH2so4
3Fe + 2 O 3 - > Fe304
+ C6ng thiic tinh khd'i luong mu6'i sunfat thu duoc khi cho h6n hop cdc kim 2Fe + 6H,S04 (dac, nong) Fe2(S04)3 + 3 8 0 , + 6H2O ,,
loai tac dung vdi H2SO4 dac, nong giai phong khi SOj: Sn + 2HC1 - > SnQ^ + H2
"1 mu«i = m k i m loai +96.nso2 Sn + O , SnO,
+ C6ng thiic tinh s6' mol H2SO4 dac, nong cSn dung d^ hoa tan m6t h6n hop 2. Cac thi du minh hoa:
k i m loai dira theo san phim khir SO, duy nha't: nn2S04 = ^^soj
Thidu 1: Cho 1,37 gam Ba vao 1 lit dung dich CUSO4 0 , 0 I M . Sau k h i cdc phan
+ C6ng thu-c tinh kh6'i luong mu6'i thu duoc khi hoa tan hd't h6n hop g6m Fe, ihig xay ra hoan toan, kh6'i luong ke't tiia thu duoc Id
FeO, FcoOj, Fe304 bang H,S04 dac, nong, d u giai phong k h i SOj: A . 2,33 gam B. 0,98 gam C. 3,31 gam D . 1,71 gam
' m „„fli = —
400 ^
(m h 6 „ hop
,^
+ lo.nsoj)
, (Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoi A nam 2013)
Hudmg dan giai

- Phuong phap quy doi:
Theo bai ra: nBa = 0,01 (mol); ncuS04 =0-01
+ Quy d6i la phuong phap bid'n d6i nham dua h6n hop nhiû chtft phdc tap
thanh m6t hay hai cha't don gian, qua do lam don gian hoa bai toan ca mat PTHH: Ba + 2 H , 0 ^> Ba(OH)2 + H^l
hod hoc iSn toan hoc. 0,01 - > 0,01 (mol)
+ K h i dp dung phuong phap quy d6i cin tuSn thii su bao toan nguydn t6 v a bao Ba(OH)2 + CUSO4 - > BaS04i + C u ( 0 H ) 2 i
toan s6' oxi hod.
0,01 - > 0,01 -^0,01 ^ 0,01
+ Co nhiû cdch quy ddi cSn lua chon each quy d6i don gian nha't d^ giai bai
K^t tiia thu duoc g6m: BaS04 va Cu(OH)2
tap m6t each chinh xdc v a nhanh nha't.
Kh6'i luong ke't tua: m = mg^so^ + "1CU(OH)2
+ Chon hudrng quy d6i thich hop.
+ Dat ^n, lap he phuong trinh dai se». = 0,01.233 + 0,01.98 = 3,31 (gam)
+ Giai h6, tinh c a c dai luong theo ydu ciu cm hhi toan. E>dp dn dung Id C .
81
Thidu 2: Cho 25,5 gam h6n hc^p X g6m CuO va AI2O3 tan hoan toan trong dung -2 +2 +4
dich H2SO4 loang, thu diroc dung dich chiia 57,9 gam mu6'i. PMn trftm kh6'i 0 + 2e->0 C - 2 e ^ C
luong cua AljOj trong X 1^ y 2y 0,08 4 - 0 , 0 4
A. 60% B.40% C. 80% , >. D. 20% +6 .
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khdi A nam 2013) S + 2e S iii6-rt-6:j !s!H\, i;.'':M"r; .
Hu&ng ddn gidi 0,09 <<- 0,045 ri ; ' - ; '
ITieo djnh luat bao toan electron ta c6:
PTHH: CuO + H2SO4-> CUSO4 + H2O
0,27 + 0,08 = 2y + 0,09 => y = 0,13 . .|j . ,.
X -> X
Vay m = + mo = 0,09.56 + 0,13.16 = 7,12 (gam)
AI2O3 + 3H2SO4 ^ Al2(S04)3 + 3H2O
Dip an diing la B.
y ^ y
'fhfdu4: H6n hop X g6m hai kirn loai k\im \h. m6t kim loai ki^m th6. Hoa tan
80x + 102y = 25,5 fx = 0,255 hoan toan 1,788 gam X vao nude, thu duoc dung djch Y va 537,6 ml khi H2
Ta CO he:
[I60x + 342y - 57,9 ^ | y = 0.05 •«(-) + H (dktc). Dung dich Z g6m H2SO4 v^ HCl, trong do s6' mol ciia HCl ga'p hai Mn
cr 102.0,05.100% s6 mol ciia H2SO4. Trung hoa dung dich Y bang dung dich Z tao ra m gam
Vay %mA,203/x = ~ = 20% h6n hop mu6i. Gia trj cQa m la ^
A. 4,460 B. 4,656 C. 3,792 D. 2,790
Dap an diing D.
(Trich dethi tuyen sinh DH khdi B nam 2013)
Thidu 3: H6n hop X g6m FeO, FcjO, va Fe304. Cho khi CO qua m gam X nung"
Hu&ng ddn gidi
nong, sau m6t thcd gian thu du'oc h6n hop cha't rSn Y va hdn hop khi Z. Cho
toan b6 Z vao dung dich Ca(OH)2 du, 66n phan ihig hoan toan, thu duoc 4 Theo bai ra: n^^^ = 0,024 (mol)
gam ke't tua. Mat khac, h6a tan hoan to^n Y trong dung dich H2SO4 dac, nong
(du), thu duoc 1,008 lit khi SO2 (dktc, san p h ^ khu duy nha't) v^ dung dich A + H20->A* + 0 H ^ + ^ H j
chii-a 18 gam mu6'i. Gia trj ctia m la
A. 6,80 B.7,12 C. 13,52 D. 5,68 B + 2H3O B-* + 2 0 H - + H , /
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khdi B nam 2013) =>n _ = 2 n H - 2 . 0 , 0 2 4 = 0,048(mol)

Hu&ng ddn gidi OH 2
Theo bai ra: Kd't tua la CaCOj: ncacoj = 0,04 (mol) H* + OH- ^ H2O "
0,048 < - 0,048 (mol)
Mu6'i m Fe2(S04)3: np^2(so4)3 = '8/400 = 0,045 (mol)
=>n ^ =0,048 (mol)
H
S6' mol khi SO,: nso2 = 1,008/22,4 = 0,045 (mol) Goi s6' mol H2SO4 la X => sd' mol H Q la 2x
PTHH: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCOji + H2O Ta c6:2x + 2x=: 0,048 =>x = 0,012 ' '
0,04 < - 0,04 Kh6'i luong mu6'i = m i < « i + m^ts..xi. \
Quy d6i h6n hop X thanh Fe (x mol) v^ O (y mol). =^ mûtfi = 1,788 + 0,012.96 + 2.0,012.35,5 = 3,792 (gam)
E>ap an diing la C.
Vi nguyen t6' sat duoc bao toan nan:
^hi du 5: Hoa tan hoan toan 14,6 gam h6n hop X g6m A l va Sn bang dung dich
' '' = "Fe(Fe2(S04)3) = 2.0,045 = 0,09(mol)
Ha (du), thu duoc 5,6 lit khi H , (6 dktc). The' tich khi O. (d dktc) ch\
dc qua trinh nhucmg - nhan electron: phan ung hoan toan vdi 14,6 gam h6n hop X la
Fe - 3e -> Fe*' A. 3,92 lit. B. 1,68 lit. C. 2,80 lit. D. 4,48 lit.
^ (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH khdi A)
0,09 -> 0,27 (mol)
Huong ddn gidi Tac6: x + y = 0,05
24x+65y = 2,43
Theobiira: n u ,= = 0,25 (mol)
"2 22,4 X = 0,02; y = 0,03
Goi X, y ISn lirot la s6' mol cua A I , Sn c6 trong h6n hgfp ban dSu. vay m„u.i = 0,02.120 + 0,03.161 = 7,23 (g)
Taco: 27x + 119y = 14,6 (1) p ^ p in dung la C.
X + H C l (dir): g ^ ' : Ta biet n 2- = =^'^5 (mol)
A l + 3HC1 > AlQj + 1 .SH.!
= "iAg.z„ + m ^ 2 - => m„„,, = 2,43 + 0,05 . 96 = 7,23 (g).
X l,5x (mol)
Sn + 2HC1 > SnQ, + H ^ t fiddu?'- Cho cac chat sau: F e C O j , Fe304, FeS, Fe(OH)2. Neu hoa tan ciing s6'
y y (mol) mol m6i chS^t vao dung djch H 2 S O 4 dac, nong (du) thi chat tao ra s6' mol khi
Taco: l,5x + y = 0,25 (2) loll nha't la
T\t ( l ) v a ( 2 ) t a d u o c : x = 0 , l ; y = 0 , l . A . Fe304 B. F e ( O H ) 2 C . FeS D. FeCOj
X + Oj: 4A1 + 3O2 — ^ 2AI2O3 (Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoi B)

Hu&ng ddn gidi
x — X (mol)
4 Cha't tao s6' m o l k h i \6n nha't la FeS:
2FeS + 10H2SO4 -^Fe2(S04)3 +9SO2 t + I O H 2 O
Sn + O2 ——> SnO,
Dap an dung la C .
y y (mol)
ChA y: P T H H cac phan ung xay ra:
Suyra: n o = - x + y = - . 0 , 1 + 0,1 = 0,175 (mol) 2FeC03 + 4 H 2 S O 4 ^ Fe2 (SO4 )3 + 2 C O 2 t +SO2 t -HtHjO
^ 4 4
Vay = 0,175. 22,4 = 3,92 (lit). 2Fe304 + IOH2SO4 - > 3 F e 2 ( 8 0 4 ) 3 + S O 2 ^^^^2'^
Dap an dung la A . 2Fe(OH)2 + 4H2SO4 Fe2 ( 8 0 4 ) 3 + ^ +6H2O

Chii v.- Sn + 2HC1 > SnQ, + H ^ t Thi du 8: Khi nhidt phan hoan toan 100 gam m6i chat sau: K C I O 3 (xiic tac
Sn + O . ) SnO, MnOj), KMn04, K N O 3 va AgNO,. Chat tao ra luong O j it nha't la

A.KCIO3 B.KMn04 C.KNO3 D.AgN03
Thi du 6: Hoa tan hoan toan 2,43 gam h6n hop g6m Mg va Zn vao m6t luong
vira du dung djch H 2 S O 4 loang, sau phan iJng thu duoc 1,12 l i t H2 (dktc) va (Trich de thi du bi dqi hoc)
dung djch X . Kh6'i luong muoi trong dung djch X la Hu&ng ddn gidi
A . 7,33 gam. B. 5,83 gam. C. 7,23 gam. D . 4,83 gam.
2KCIO3 > 2 K C l + 302
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khoi A)
100 150 50
Hu&ng ddn gidi (mol)
122,5 122,5 40,8
T h e o b M r a : n ^ ^ = 0 . 0 5 (mol)
Mg + H2SO4 - ) . MgS04 + H2 2KMn04 —^K2Mn04+Mn02+02
i X -> x -> x 100 50

(mol)
158 158
Z n + H2SO4 -> ZnS04 +
y ^ y ^ y
85
2KN03 - ^ 2 K N 0 2 +O2 =l ^ = 0,4(mol)
"02
100 50
(mol) =0,4.22,4 = 8,96(1)
101 101 ay V02
.0 j p an dung la C.
2AgN03 ->2Ag + 2N02 +O2
100 'p^fdull- Nhiet phan 4,385 gam h6n hop X g6m KCIO3 va KMn04, thu duoc
50
Air: O va m gam chat rSn g6m K2Mn04, MnO, vk KCl. Toan b6 lucmg O2 tac
170 ' ,70 ^ " " ' ^
dung hat vdi cacbon nong do, thu duoc 0,896 lit h6n hop khi Y (dktc) c6 t i
=> Chat tao ra lirong O2 it nhlTt la AgNOj.
kh6'i so v6i H2 la 16. Thanh phdn % theo khd'i luong ciia KMnO^ trong X Ik
Dap an dung la D.
A. 62,76%. B. 74,92%. C. 72,06%. D. 27,94%.
Thidu 9: Nung nong 16,8 gam h6n hop g6m Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn wdi m6t lucm^ (Trich detuyen sinh Dai hoc, khdi B)
du khi O2, den khi cac phan ting xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc 23,2 gam cha't rSn
Hu&ng ddn gidi
X. Thi tich dung djch H Q 2M vira dii d^ phan ling vdd chat rSn X Ik
A. 200 ml B. 400 ml C. 800 ml D. 600 ml Xic dinh sd'mol O2 sinh ra: ny =0,04(mol)
(Trich detuyen sink Cao dang - Khoi A) C + O2 CO, 2C + O2 2CO
, Hu&ng ddn gidi X « x(mol) y / 2 < - y(mol)
Soddxayra: O2 — ^ 2 ' o ( o x i t ) ^ ^ ^ ->2H20 x + y=0,04

Theo djnh luat bao toan khd'i luong: T a c 6 ht: i f ^ _ t ^ = 16 2 = 32 y = 0,03
X+y
mo2 =23,2-16,8 = 6,4(g)=>no2 =0.2(mol)
=>n_2 =0,2.2 =0,4 (mol) = ^ « 0 2 = x + -^ = 0,01 + ^ = 0,025 (mol)

o
Xac djnh thanh phSn ciia X:
=> n^+ = 0,4.2 = 0,8(mol) - nHî
KCIO, KCI + - O 2
=> HCi 2M = ^ = 0,4(1) = 400(ml) 2 ^
a -> l,5a(mol)
Dap an dung la B.
2KMn04 K2Mn04 + M n 0 2 +O2
Thidu 10: D6t chay hoan toan 17,4 gam h6n hop Mg va Al trong khi oxi (du) thu
b -> b/2(mol)
duoc 30,2 gam h6n hop oxit. Thd' ti'ch khi oxi (dktc) da tham gia phan ling la
A. 4,48 lit. B. 17,92 lit. C. 8,96 lit D. 11,20 lit I,5a + b / 2 = 0,025
T a c o he: a = 0,01; b = 0,02
(Trich de tuyen sink Cao dang khoi A) 122,5a + 158b = 4,385
••t I F '
Hu&ng ddn gidi 158.0,02.100%
V a y %m' K M n 0 4 = 72,06% ^4
PTHH: 2Mg + O2 —!—> 2MgO 4,385
âp an diing la C.
4AI + 3O2—>.2Al203
'^hidu 12: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vao dung dich chiia 0,3 mol H2SO4 dSc, n6ng (gia thid
Tac6: •"Mg.Al +^02 ='"oxit SO, la san ph&n khir duy nha't). Sau khi phan ting xay ra hoan toan thu duoc
• ra A. 0,03 mol Fe2(S04)., va 0,06 mol FeS04.
=>mo2 =30.2-17.4 = I2,8(g)
J5:a02 mol Fe, (804)3 va 0,08 mol FeS04. .
C . 0,12mol F e S 0 4 . + OH" > H2O
D. 0,05 mol Fe2(S04)3 va 0,02 mol F e du.
Bandû: 0,035 (mol) 0,03 (mol)
(Trich dethi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi B) phan ling: 0,03 (mol) 0,03 (mol)
Hu&ng ddn gidi Cdnlai: 0,005 (mol) 0 ? . HM
6 72 "'•"••''^^^ 0,005 0,005 :; .
Theo bî ra: np^ = -— = 0,12 (mol) rtl+l = = =0,01(M) ,,,, M
56
0,1 + 0,4 0,5
PTPU": 2Fe + 6H2S04(,, „,„g, > Fe2(S04)3 + SSO^ + 6H2O
Banddu: 0,12 mol 0,3 mol ^ p H = -lgO,01=2.
Dip an dung la D.
PhaniJng: 0,1 mol 0,3 mol 0,05 (mol)
'ff^fdul^' Cho 3,68 gam h6n hop g6m A l va Zn tac dung vdi m6t luong vira dii
Con lai: 0,02 mol 0 0,05 (mol)
dung dich H2SO4 10%, thu duoc 2,24 1ft khi H , (or dktc). Kh6'i luong dung
Fe(du) + Fe2(S04)3 > 3FeS04 dich thu duoc sau phan umg la
Ban diu: 0,02 mol 0,05 (mol) A. 101,48 gam. B. 101,68 gam. C. 97,80 gam. D. 88,20 gam.
Phaniing: 0,02 mol 0,02 mol 0,06 mol (Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
Con lai: 0 0,03 mol 0,06 mol Hu&ng ddn gidi
Vay sau phan ling c6 0,03 mol Fe2(S04)3 va 0,06 mol FeS04. 2 24
Dap an diing la A. Theo bai ra: nH2 = r r — =0,1 (mol) ^ nyi^^^ -=n^^^ =0,1 (mol)
Thidu 13: Tr6n 100 ml dung dich (g6m Ba(OH)2 0,1M va NaOH 0,1M) vdi 400 0,1.98.100 ,
ml dung dich (g6m H2SO4 0,0375 M va HCl 0,0125M), thu duoc dung dich mddH2S04 = = 98 (gam)
X. Gia tri pH ciia dung djch X la
A. 7. B. 1. C. 6. D.2. So d6 phan ling: Kim loai (Al, Zn) +H2S04(1) > Mu6'i + HjT
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi B) Theo djnh luat bao toan khoi luong: >
Hu&ng ddn gidi

Theo bai ra: n^^^^^^^^^ = 01.0,1 = 0,01 (mol); HN^QH = 0,1.0,1 = 0,01 (mol) 3,68 + 98 = m,dn,u« +0,1.2
=>nidd.u«i = 3 , 6 8 + 9 8 - 0 , 1 . 2 = 101,48 (gam).
Ba(0H)2 > Ba-* + 2 0 H - Dap an dung la A. >!
0,01 0,02 (mol)
Thidu 15: Hoa tan hoan toan 3,22 gam h6n hop X gdm Fe, M g va Zn bang m6t
NaOH > Na* + OH" liromg viira du dung dich H2SO4 loang, thu duoc 1,344 lit hidro (0 dktc) va
0,01 0,01 (mol) dung dich chiia m gam mu6'i. Gia tri ciia m la
Suy ra: n^^_ = 0,02 + 0,01 = 0,03 (mol) A. 10,27. B. 7,25. C. 8,98. D. 9,52.
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
Theo bai ra: n H2SO4 = 0,4.0,0375 = 0,015 (mol);
Hu&ng ddn gidi
nHa = 0,4.0,0125 = 0,005 (mol) -T, 1 344
Theo bai ra: n„= = 0,06 (mol)
H2SO4 > 2H* + SO4'- "2 22,4
0,015 mol 0,03 (mol)
So d6 phan ung: M( Fe, Mg, Zn) + H2SO4 > MSO4 + H2
HQ —> w + a- 0,006 0,06 '
0,005mol 0,005 (mol) Theo djnh luat bao toan khd'i luong, ta c6: ''
Suy ra: ^ n^^ = 0,03 + 0,005 = 0,035 (mol) " ^ M + " 1 H 2 S 0 4 = m + mH2
m = 3,22 + 0,06. 98 - 0,06. 2 = 8,98 (gam). 2' Cho 13,5 gam h6n hop cac kim loai A l , Cr, Fe tac dung vdi luong dir dung
Dap an diing la C. ^^dich H 2 S O 4 loang, nong (trong dieu ki6n khdng c6 kh6ng khO, thu duoc dung
Thi du 16: Cho m6t mSu kim loai Na - Ba tac dung vdi nudfc (dir), thu duoc dung dich X va 7,84 lit khi H , {is dktc). Co can dung djch X (trong diû kifin khong c6
djch X va 3,36 lit H , (6 dktc). Th^ tich dung dich axit H2SO4 2 M c^n dung thdng khi) duoc m gam mu6'i khan. Gia trj ciia m la
trung hoa dung djch X la > j ^455. B.42,6. C.48,8. D.47,1.
A. 30 ml. B. 75 ml. C. 150 ml. D. 60 ml. (Trich de thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
(Trich dethi tuyen sink Cao dang khoi/{)
Huong ddn gidi Theo bai ra: n^^ = ^ = 0,35
= 0. (mol)
Phirong tnnh phan utig: 22,4
Matkhac: m„„5i = mkMo,: + ni^^j-
2Na + 2 H , 0 > 2NaOH +
[ Ba + 2H2O > Ba(OH)2 + H2

=^ m„„*i = 13,5 + 0,35.96 = 47,1 (gam) '
=:>n _ =2nH - ^ ^ - ^ = 0,3(mol)
' ' H* + OH > H2O Dap an diing la D.

0,3 0,3 Cau 3: D6't chay hoan toan m gam FeS, bang m6t lucmg O2 vira dii, thu duoc khi X.
m'p thu he't X vao 1 lit dung dich chiia Ba(OH)2 0,15M va KOH 0,1M, thu duoc
H2SO4 ^ 2H" + SO4'-
dung djch Y va 21,7 gam ket tiia. Cho Y vao dung dich NaOH, tha'y xuA hitn
j 0,15 0,3
them kA tua. Gia trj ciia m la
:^ V(dd H 2 S O 4 ) = 2:1^^ = 75 („,1). A. 24,0. B. 12,6. C. 23,2 D. 18,0 '
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B)
Dap an dung la B. Hu&ng ddn gidi
Theo bai ra:
3. C a c b a i t a p tir l u y e n :
217
C a u 1: Tr6n 5,6 gam b6t sat vdri 2,4 gam b6t liru huynh r6i nung nong (trong dieu
"Ba(OH)2 ^ ^ ' ' 5 ('"ol);nKOH =0-1 (mol); = - L - = Q,\.
ki6n khdng c6 khong khQ, thu dugc h6n hop r l n M . Oio M tdc dung voi lucmg
dir dung djch H Q , giai phong h6n hop khi X va con lai m6t phSn kh6ng tan G.
Suyra: n^^_ =0,15.2 + 0,1 = 0 , 4 ( m o l ) ; n^2+ =0,15(mol)
dd't chay hoan toan X va G cin vira dii V lit khi O2 (6 dktc). Gia tri cua V la
A. 4,48. B.3,36. C. 3,08. D.2,80.' PTHH: 4FeS2+1102 )>8S02 t+2Fe203 t« 1^ ~> r?
(Trich de thi tuyen sink Cao dang khoi A) SO2 + O H " -> >HS03
m/120 2m/120 Hil
* Hu&ng ddn gidi 0,3 < - ( 0 , 4 - 0 1 )
Ta quy doi H2S; H,; S thanh H , va S:
HSO3 + OH" >S03" + H 2 O
"H2 = "Fe - = 0. Kmol); ns = ^ = 0,075(mol)
.56 : " " 32
0,1 < 0,1
n
Vay no2 - Hs + - ^ = 0,075 + 0,05 = 0,125(mol) SOf" + Ba^^ > BaS03i ' j |
"2
0,1 (0,1<0,15) < - 0,1
=^Vo2 -22,4.0,125 = 2,80 (lit).
2m
Dap in diing la D. 'âco: 0,3=^ m = 0,3.60 = 18,0(gam)
120
*âp an dung la D.
Q1
Cû 4: Cho 2,8 h't HjS (dktc) tac dung viia du vdd dung dich hoa tan m gam Q ^. Nhifin lieu ran diing cho ten lua tang t6c cua tau vij tru con thoi la h6n hop
Gia tr| cua m la ^âmo"' pc'^'°''^^ nh6m. Khi duoc d6't tren ZOO^C amoni peclorat n6 (san
A. 71,0 B.35,5 C. 14,2 D. 42,6. ham la N2, O,, CI,, H 2 O ) , gia six tat ca khi oxi sinh ra tac dung he't vdd b6t nhom
t
Hu&ng dan gidi thi kh6'i lircmg nhdm oxit sinh ra khi tau con thoi tifiu t6'n 587,5 ta'n amoni
2 8 ri- .. . • A...:.'
Theo bai ra: nH,« =0,125 (mol) pecloratla
"2S 22,4 . ' ^ 680,0 ta'n B. 340,0 ta'n C. 117,5 ta'n D. 165,0 tSfn
PTPlT: H^S + 4 C I 2 + 4H,0 ^ H 2 S O 4 + 8Ha
0,125 ->• 0,5 (mol) Hu&ng dan gidi
=>nci2 =0,125.4 = 0 , 5 ( m o l ) ^ m = 0 , 5 . 7 1 =35,5(gam) ^ 587 5 10^
Xheobaira: nNH4Ci04 = ^ j . ^ ' ^ =5.10^(mol)
Chu v.- H^S +Cl,(khi') -> 2HC1 + S i
pTPlT: 2NH4CIO4 ^"""'^ > N 2 + C l 2 + 2 0 2 + 4 H 2 0 if >> >
H.S + 401. (dd) + 4H2O ^ H2SO4 + 8 H a
2 (mol) 2 (mol)
Ciku 5: Cdn bao nhidu gam H2SO4.3SO3 d^ pha vao 131 gam dung djch H2SO4 40%
tao oleum c6 ham lugng S O 3 la 10%? 5.10' ^ 5.10" (mol)
4A1 + 3O2 > 2AI2O3 ^
A. 178,56 B. 594,14 C. 329,80 D. 364,50
3 (mol) -> 2 (mol)
Hu&ng dan gidi
- Tinh s6' mol HÔ c6 trong 131 gam dung dich H,S04 40%: 5.10' ^ 10.1073 (mol)
131.40 ^^ ^
vay m A,203 = = 340. lO^gam) = 340,0 (ta'n)
"iH2SO4(dd40%) = = 52,4 (gam)
niHô = 131 - 52,4 = 78,6 (gam) Dap an diing la B.

Cau 7: Cho 15 gam h6n hop bot cac kim loai Fe, A l , Mg, Zn vao 100ml dung dich
78 6 h6n hop H 2 S O 4 I M va HCl I M , sau khi cac phan irng x^y ra hoan toan, toan bo
= ^ n H 2 0 = - ^ = 4,37(mol)
khi sinh ra cho qua 6'ng si} dung m gam CuO (du) nung nong. Phan ung xong,
Go'i X \k so mol H.SO4.3SO3 cSn dung: trong ong con lai 17,6 gam chat ran. Vay m bang
SO3 + H2O >H2S04 A. 13,56 B. 16,40 C. 15,60 D. 20,00
Hu&ng dan gidi OIH
4,37 < - 4,37
Theobîra: n^^+ =2.0,1.1+ 0,1.1 =0,3(mol)
nidd =131 + (98 + 80.3)x = 131 + 338x(g)
Chirng minh axit hd't, kim loai du:
(3x-4,37).80 10
Theo bai ra: — = — = 0,1 Gia su h6n hop kim loai chi c6 Zn (M = 65 ^ 1dm nha't): nz^ = — = 0,23(mol)
131 + 338X 100 65
=>240x-349,6 = 13,1+ 33,8x PTPLT: Zn + 2U* -> Zn"^ + H ,
=> 206,2x = 362,7 => x = 1,7578 0,23 ^ 0,46 > 0,3
Vay mH2S04.3S03 =1.7578.338 = 594.14
Axit hd't. Do do: nH = - n , = — = 0.15(mol)
Dap an diing la B.
Chu v: Luang SOj (trong H2SO4.3SO3) them vao tham gia 2 thanh pMn:
PTPl/: CuO(,) + H2(,) - ^ C u + H 2 O (,)
+ Thu- nha't, tac dung vdri HjO (trong dung djch H2SO4 40% tao H 2 S O 4 .
+ Thu- hai, tao oleum mod (10% S O 3 ) . 0,15 -> 0,15 (mol)
%:m = m,,„„+ mo(„20)
=> m = 17,6 + 0,15.16 = 20,0(gam)
r
>ll2.x = 133,35x-53,34a >21,35x=53,34a=:>- = 0,4
Dap dn diing la D. X
ay hiû sua't phan ling (tinh theo SOj):
Chu y: rricuo = m > m => Dap an dung la D
Cau 8: Nung nong 39,2 gam h6n horp X g6m FeO va FcjOs r6i cho lu6ng khi H, ^j. y = ^ 3 ^ 0 0 % ^2.0,4.100% = 80%
qua, thu duac h6n hop Y chiira Fe, Fe304. Hoa tan hoan loan Y trong dung djcj,
H2SO4 dac nong, du chi thu duoc 100 gam m6t mu6'i sunfat trung ho^. Than], p^p an dung la A.
ph^n % \6 kh6'i iuong FeO trong X la Cio 1^' ^^"^ ^" ^ " " ^ '^^^^ n6ng)
A.36,73 B. 18,37% C. 81,64% D. 33,33% thu dugc 8,96 lit khi (dktc). Nfi'u cho m gam h6n hgp do vao dung djch H2SO4
Hu&ng ddn gidi dac d^ ngu6i (du) ddn phan ung hoan toan thi thu dugc 2,24 lit khi SOj (san
phim khir duy nha't, dktc). Ph^n tram s6' mol ciia Cr v^ Zn trong m gam h6n hgp
Theobaira: np^2(S04)3 = 0,25(mol) ban dû l^n lugt la
A. 70,59% va 29,41% B.75%va25%
So d6 phan litig: 1,0
C. 25% va 75% D. 80% va 20%
2FeO-> 2Fe ^ Fe2 (SO4 )3 +• US
Hu&ng ddn gidi
X x/2 8 96 2 24
FcÔy •Fe2(S04)3 Theo bai ra: n „ 2 = ^ = 0 , 4 ( m o l ) ; nso2 =^=0,l(mol)
y Goi X, y Mn lugt la s6' mol, Cr, Zn trong h6n hgp

[72x +160y-39,2 PTPU": Cr + 2HCI • CrCl2 + H2
Tac6: x = 0 , l ; y = 0,2
[ x / 2 + y=0,25
0,1.72.100% Zn + 2HC1 ZnCl2+H2
Th^nh phSn % khd'i lircmg FeO trong X: %mpgo/x = = 18,37%
39,2
y ^
Dap an diing la B. Tac6: x + y = 0,4 (1)
c a u 9: X la h6n hop cua SO. va O,, c6 ti kh6'i so vdri H , 1^ 22,4. Nung n6ng X mcM Cr + H,S04(d, ngudi) kh6ng xay ra
then gian trong binh kin c6 chat xiic tac thich hop, thu dugc h6n hop khi c6 t;
kh6'i so v6i H2 la 26,67. Hieu sua't ciia phan utig t6ng hop SOj la Zn + 2H2S04(d) -^ZnS04+SO2+2H2
A. 80% B.60% C. 48,03% D. 57,2% y y
Hu&ng ddn gidi Taco: y = 0,1. •7
Goi X, y Mn lugt la s6' mol SO2 va O, trirdc phan ung. Ta c6: T i r ( l ) = > x = 0,3
Vay 0,3
^ ± 3 2 y ^ 2 2 , 4 . 2 = 44,8 %nc,= :.100% = 75%; %nz„ =10-75= 25%
^ X+y 0,1 + 0,3
=> 64x + 32y = 44,8x + 44,8y =>19,2x = 12,8y z:> x : y = 2 : 3 *^^P an dung la B.
PTPLT: 2SO2 2SO, U : Cho 200 ml dung djch X g6m Ba(OH)2 0,5M va NaAlO. (hay Na[Al(OH)4])
O2
•'5M. Them tir tir dung djch H2SO4 0,5M vao dung djch X cho de'n khi k6't tua
Ban diu: X l,5x
Jan tro lai m6t phSn, thu dugc ke't tija Y. Dem nung ke't tiia Y nay de'n khd'i
Phan ung: 2a <- a 2a '"ong kh6ng ddi thu dugc 24,32 gam cha't ran Z. Th^ tich dung djch H2SO4
Con lai: (x-2a) (l,5x-a) 2a da dung la
"^•1'34 lit B. 1,1 lit C. 0,55 lit D. 0,67 lit.
. ^(-2a)^32(Ux-a).80.2.^ 112x
Tac6: = 53,34 Hu&ng ddn gidi
( x - 2 a ) + ( l , 5 x - a ) + 2a '2,5x-a Hi:
bai ra: nB,(OH)2 = ^'""'^^ "NaAi02 =0-3 (mol)
PTPlT: H2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 BaSOA + 2H2O j 3 : Chia 30,4 gam h6n hop g6m Fe va Cu thknh 2 ph^n bang nhau. PMn 1 cho
0,1 < - 0,1 -> 0,1 (mol) ^^îc dung hat vdri dung djch H2SO4 dac, nong (du) thu duoc 6,72 lit SO2 (san
H2SO4 + 2NaAl(OH)4 ^ Na2S04 + 2 A l ( O H ) 3 i + H2O him khir duy nha't, dktc). Hoa tan ph^n 2 trong 550 ml dung djch AgNOj I M ,
0,15 <- 0,3 ^ 0,3 ( m o l ) ê't thuc phan iJng thu duoc dung djch Y . N6ng d6 mol ciia Fe(N03)2 trong dung
2Al(OH)3 +3H2SO4 Al2(S04)3 +6H2O dich Y (coi the' tich dung djch kh6ng thay ddi trong qua trinh phan iJng) la
X -> l,5x -> 0,5x ( m o l ) y^.0,l8lM B.0,363M C.0,182M D.0,091M
K6't t u a g6m BaS04 va Al(OH)3 Hu&ng ddn gidi
Trong ni6i ph5n CO 30,4/2 = 15,2 (g) kim loai.
2Al(OH)3 — ^ A l j O j +3H20t
• Phini: nso2 =0,3 (mol) r i '
(0,3-x) (0,15 —0,5x) ( m o l )
2Fe + 6H2SO4 Fe2 (SO4 ) 3 + 3SO2 + 6 H 2 O
BaS04 > BaS04
X - > l,5x
0,1 -> 0,1 ( m o l ) t li H 111'' "I'M
Cu + 2H2SO4 - > CUSO4 + SO2 + 2 H 2 O ' . >.',
Taco: 0,1 . 233 + (0,15 - 0,5x).102 = 24,32 5 1 x = 14,28 => x = 0,28
Suy ra: nH2S04 =0-1 +0,15+1,5.0,28 =0,67 (mol) y y
r56x + 64y = 15,2 ' ' '
V , a H 2 S 0 4 ~ = U 4 ( l f t ) . Tac6he: ' =^ x =0,l;y = 0,15
l,5x + y = 0,3 t f-. :• .
Dap a n d u n g l a A. * Ph^nll: n^gNOj =0,55.1 = 0,55(mol)

C a u 12: H 6 n hop M g o m h a i k i m l o a i X , Y c6 h o a t r i kh6ng d6i. Oxi h o a hoan
t o a n 6,3 g a m M t r o n g o x i du t h u duoc 11,1 g a m h6n hop h a i o x i t . Mat k h a c , neu
Fe + 2AgN03 Fe(N03)2+2Ag4 '
la'y 12,6 g a m M h o a t a n h e t t r o n g d u n g d j c h HQ t h i t h u duoc V l i t H, (dktc) 0,10,2 ^ O,l(mol) :, ^f]'^-
Gia t r j ciia V la
A. 8,96 B. 13,44 C. 6,72 D. 4,48 Cu + 2AgN03 ^ C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 + 2 A g 4 .
Hu&ng ddn gidi 0,15-> 0,3 ,: ^
C6sod6: M + Oj - > oxit
F e ( N 0 3 ) 2 + A g N 0 3 ^ F e ( N 0 3 ) 3 + Ag>l _nr,<n)>'V ,
=>mo2 =11,1-6,3 = 4,8(g)=^no2 = 0 , 1 5 ( m o l )
0,05 ^ (0,55-0,2-O,3)=0,05(mol) ,^ ,yAi„uu^\
Suy ra: S"e(M-) = Z"e(02+) =0,15. 4 = 0,6 (mol)
^ ^ y C , ^ ( N O 3 ) 2 = 0 , 0 5 / 0 . 5 5 = 0,091M^ ^^^^^^^^^^
( -A
O2 + 4 e -> 2 0 , Dip diing la D.
14: Cho 19,2 gam Cu tan het trong lirong du dung djch H2SO4 dac, nong toan
Uhg vori 12,6 g a m M thi s6' mol electron do M n h u c m g se la: ^ khi SO2 sinh ra ha'p thu trong 500 ml dung djch NaOH IM thu duoc dung
0,6.12,6 , ^jch X . Tdng khd'i luong mud'i tao thanh trong dung dich X la
^ 3 = l,2(mol) ^•31,5 gam B. 35,6 gam C. 31,2 gam D. 33,4 gam
Hu&ng ddn gidi
2H*+2e ->.H2
"êobaira: n c „ = 1 9 , 2 / 6 4 = 0,3(mol); nNaOH=0,5.1 = 0,5(mol)
1,2->0,6(mol)
(S6' m o l electron do nhan bang s6' m o l electron do M nhucmg).
Cu + 2H2SO4 - > CUSO4 + SO2 t + 2 H 2 O ,,. .
Vay V = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44(1) 0.3 0,3 ://Vy-

Dap an d u n g la B. ^ ^ "^"NaOH/"so, "^ 2 mu(5i: i |n '
SO2 + N a O H NaHCOj + 2NaOH->. Na2C03 + HjO Hu&ng ddn gidi
y ->2y ^ y <3ia siJf ban dSu c6 1 m o l Fe va 2 mol S => m^hPcs = m x = 56.1 + 32.2 = 120(g)
x + y =0,3
T a c6 hd: = : > x = 0 , l ; y = 0,2 pTHH: Fe + S — ^ F e S " * ,
x + 2y = 0,5
X g6m FeS, Fe, S. ,1 ,
T6ng kh6'i lucmg mu6'i tao thanh trong dung dich:
FeS + 2 H a - ) • F e Q j + H j S t
m = 0,1.104 + 0,2.126 - 35,6(g)
Fe + 2 H C l - > F e C l 2 + H 2 t
Ddp an diing la B .
120.(100 - 60) , , '
Cau 15: D6't h6n hop g6m 0,4 mol Fe va 0,2 mol Cu trong binh dung khi o x i , suu
Cha't ran con lai la S => mg/ci) = —— ^ = 48(g)
m6t thori gian thu diroc m gam chat ran. Dem chat rSn nay tac dung vdi d u n g
djch HCl du, sau phan iJng hoan toan c6 3,36 lit khi thoat ra (6 dktc) va 6,4 gam
=> S6' mol S phan ihig: =— = 0,5(mol)
k i m loai kh6ng tan. Gia trj cua m la
A . 41,6 B. 38,4 C. 44,8 D . 40,8
=> S6'mol Fe phan utig: npg = n s = 0 , 5 ( m o l )
, Hu&ng dan gidi
K i m loai kh6ng tan la Cu: vay hieu sua't phan ung (ti'nh theo Fe): H = ^ ' ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ^ = 50%
'Cu(kg) ^ = 0.1 ( m o l ) 10 nc„(h,) - 0,2 - 0,1 = 0,1 ( m o l ) Dap an diing la A .

Cau 17: H6n hop X g6m KCIO3, Ca(C103)2, CaQ^ va K Q c6 t6ng khd'i luong la
3,36
K h i thoat ra la H , =>nî^ = = 0,15 (mol) 83,68 gam. Nhiet phan hoan toan X thu duoc 17,472 l i t O2 (dktc) va chat ran Y
22,4
g6m C a Q . va K C l . Y tac dung vira dii 0,36 l i t dung djch K2CO3 0 , 5 M thu duoc
f02_ fHCl
Sad6: Fe.Cu- ^ chat ran • Ho T dung dich Z . Luong K Q trong Z nhiû ga'p 22/3 \in luong K Q trong X . Phdn
-2
2H"^+2e-^H2 tram khd'i luong KCIO3 trong X la
02+4e-»2 O
Qua trinh nhucfng electron: A . 47,62% B. 58,55% C. 81,37% D . 23,51%
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Fe >Fe^^ + 2e Cu- ->Cu2*+2e
0,4 - > 0 , 8 ( m o l ) 0,1 0,2(mol) Theo bai ra: nco2 = " ^ ^ ^ = 0,78 ( m o l ) ; ^ f,. ^ j^
22,4
Qua trinh nhan electron:
"K2CO3 = 0 , 3 6 . 0 , 5 = 0,18 ( m o l )
-2
O2 + 4e • 20 2H++2e^H,
* X - ^ 0 2 + Y
x^4x(mol) 0,3<-0,15(mol)
= > m Y = m x - m c o 2 = 8 3 , 6 8 - 0 , 7 8 . 3 2 = 58,72(g)
=> 0,8 + 0,2 = 4x + 0 , 3 => 4x = 9,7 => x = 0,175
* Y + d d K 2 C 0 3 : Chi c6 CaCl, tac dung
Vay m = m p , + m c u + m o 2 = ^ m =0,4.56 + 0,2.64 + 0,175.32 = 4 0 ,8 (g )
CaClj + K 2 C O 3 - > CaCOj i + 2 K C 1
Dap an diing la D .
0,18 < - 0 , 1 8 ^ 0,36(mol) Jjr.
.H\Cu,Fe ^p^2.
Chu v: Fe—i^Fe^+.Fe^^
= > m c a a 2 = 0 ' 1 8 1 ' l = 19,98(g)
Cau 16: Dun nong h6n hop g6m Fe va S c6 t i 16 mol 1 : 2 trong binh k i n kh6iig
chiia kh6ng khi thu duoc h6n hop X . Cho h6n hop X tac dung vdd dung dich H ^ l
=> m^^ci{\) = m y - " i c a Q j ^ ^ ' ^ ^ - 1 9 , 9 8 = 38,74(g)
dude'n khi phan ling xay ra hoan toan tha'y kh6'i luong chat ran giam 60%. H i ' "
sua't phan ling giCa Fe va S la "iKa(z) = "^KCKY) + 0.36.74,5 = 65,56(g) ;^
A . 50% B. 60% C. 25% D . 80%
99
Cac thi du minh hoa:
K h d i luong K Q trong X bang: m^cKx) = ^^22^ = 8.94(g)
du 1- Phucmg phap d^ loai bo tap chat H Q c6 ISn trong k h i HjS la: Cho h6n
K a O j — ^ K C l + |o2 t (1) hc>p k h i 16i tiJf tir qua m6t luong du dung djch
A.NaHS. B.NaOH. C. Pb(N03)2 D. AgNO,.
X -> X (mol) (Trich dethi tuyin sink Dai hockhoi B)
Hudfngddngidi .i.,;,
Tac6: m K c i ( Y ) = ^ K C I ( X ) +"1^01 (1) =>"'Ka{i) = 3 8 , 7 4 - 8 , 9 4 = 29,8(g)
Di loai bo H C l c6 I5n trong k h i H 2 S c6 th^ diing dung djch NaHS du: '
= > ' ' - | ^ = 0,4(mol) NaHS + H Q - > N a Q + HjS
NaHS + H 2 S : khdng xay ra
V a y % n , K a o „ x = 24!^ = 58.55% ^ '''^' ' ' ' Oap an diing la A .
83,68
Chu t Cac dung djch N a O H , Pb(N03)2, A g N O j dû vifa tac dung vdi H Q , vita
Dap an diing la B.
tac dung vodHjS^
Thidu 2: Di nhan bid't cac k h i : C O 2 , S O 2 , H 2 S , N2 c^n dung cac dung djch:
Dang 3: Phdn Met, dieu che, tinh che
A . N u 5 c brom va N a O H B. NaC»I va Ca(OH)2 ,
cac chat trong nhom oxi - luu huynh
C. Nir6c brom va Ca(0H)2 D . K M n 0 4 va N a O H
1. L i thuyet v$n dung va phuong phap giai: (Trich de thi du bi Bed hoc)
- CSn nam virng cac ti'nh cha't cua cac chat di t i m tha'y cac ti'nh cha't khac nhau Hu&ng ddn gidi
cuacacchaft.
Khi lam mat mau nuoc brom la SO2, H2S:
- Bifi't phirang phap didu che'cac chat (O,, O3, H j O , , S, H2S, SO^, S O 3 , H,S04,...).
SO2 + Br2 + H 2 O - > H2SO4 + 2HBr
- M 6 t s6' P T H H diû chd' cac cha't c^n chii y:
H j S + 4Br2 + 4 H 2 O - > H 2 S O 4 + 8 H B r
2KMn04 K2Mn04 + O2 + MnO,
Khi CO2 va N2 khdng lam mat mau nude brom.
2KCIO3 - ^ - ^ 2KCI+3O2 Dung dung djch Ca(OH)2:
O2 + 2 H 2 O
+ Phan biet duoc SO2 va H2S:
uv SO2 + C a ( O H ) 2 - > CaSOj i + H 2 O '* «^ ilf' ^^-1 ,;.
2O3
'^]>ui) ilk,
H2S + O2 > S + H2O trang
'-it:'':'
2H2S + S O 2 - ••ê^,,•,.,04..,.-L;./v H 2 S + C a ( O H ) 2 -•CaS + 2 H 2 0
> 3S + 2H2O
.0 + Phan biet duoc CO2 va N2:
FeS + 2Ha - -> H,St + Fea,
C O 2 + C a ( O H ) 2 ->CaC03 i + H 2 O
S + O2 S02
trang • «f:>.firit«.'
.0
4FeS,+ 110, 8SO2 + 2Fe203 N2 + C a ( O H ) 2 Kh6ng xay ra ..u- '
Na2S03(,) + H^SO^^^ S02t + Na2S04 + H 2 O E>^p an diing la B .

du 3: Di phan bidt CO, va SO2 chi cdn dung thu6'c thijf la
2SO, + O•2 ^ ± 2SO'3(h) A.CaO B. dung djch N a O H /
C. dung djch Ba(OH)2 D. nu6c brom.
H2S04.nS03 XSO3 + H2S04.(n-x)S03
(Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang - Khoi A)
100 ini
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Thu6c ihxl di phan bi6t CO, va SOj la dung dich brom: Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 >BaS04 i + 2 H 2 O
S O 2 + B12 + 2 H 2 O H2SO4 + 2HBr
Ba(OH)2 + H2SO3 J-BaSOj i + 2 H 2 O
nau khdng mau
=> K h i S O 2 lam m& mau (nau) dung dich brom. Cho HC! vao 2 ke't tiia thu duoc:
C O 2 khfing phan ihig v6i dung dich brom. ^ Ke't tua tan (c6 khi) => MSu ban Mu chiia HjSO,:
Dap an dung la D . paS03 + 2HCi )-BaCl2 + SO2 t + H 2 O
Thi du 4: Thu6c thiJt diing Ai phan bifet 3 dung dich rifing biet: N a Q , NaHS67~
+ Ke't tiia khdng tan => mSu ban diu chiia H 2 S O 4
H Q la „
pdp an dung la C.
A . BaCOa B. B a C l 2 C. N H 4 a D . (NH4)2C03
ffifdii?: Co cac dung djch khdng mau: NaCl, K 2 C O 3 , Na2S04, H C l , Ba(N03)2
(Trich detuyen sink Cao dang khoiA)
dung trong cac lo rieng biet. Khdng dung them hoa chat ben ngoai c6 the'
Hu&ng ddn gidi phan biet duoc td'i da bao nhieu dung djch trong cac dung djch tren?
Thuefcthufdol^BaCOj: ^ 2 dung djch B. 3 dung djch C. 4 dung djch D . 5 dung dich
BaCOj+NaCl^ Khdng x a y r a ' Hu&ng ddn gidi
BaCOj + 2NaHS04 ^ BaS04 4 + C O 2 t +Na2S04 + H j O La'y mdt it cac chat vao cac d'ng nghiem rieng biet de' lam cac mSu thijf.
Dun can cac mSu thu, mSu bj bay hoi het la mSu chira dung djch H C l .
BaCOj + 2HC1 ^ B a a 2 + C O 2 T + H 2 O
Cho dung djch H C l vao cac mSu con lai, mSu c6 khi bay ra => mSu chiia K 2 C O 3 :
Ddp an dung la A .
K 2 C O 3 + 2HC1 - > C O 2 t +2KC1 + H 2 O
Thi du 5 : Trong phong thf nghiem, nguoi ta di6u che' oxi bang each:
Cac mSu con lai khdng c6 hien tugng g i .
A . Chung ca't phan doan khdng khi long.
B. Nhiet phan K Q O j C O xuc tac M n O j . Cho dung djch K 2 C O 3 vao cac mSu con lai, mSu tao ra ke't tiia trSng => mSu
chu-a Ba(N03)3:
C. Nhiet phan Cu(N03)2.
D . Dien phan nuoc. B a ( N 0 3 ) 2 + ^ 2 ^ 0 3 - > BaC03 i + 2 K N O 3
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi A) Cho dung djch Ba(N03)2 vao 2 m3u con lai, mSu c6 ke't tiia trSng 1^ Na2S04
Hu&ng ddn gidi Na2S04 + Ba ( N O 3 )^ - > BaS04 i +2NaN03
Trong P T N , ngu6i ta diû che' O2 bang each nhiet phan cac hop chA giau oxi,
MSucon lai la NaCl.
kern b^n nhu K C I O 3 (c6 xiic tac MnO.), K M n 0 4 , H 2 O 2 (c6 xuc tac M n O j ) , . -
^ D a p a n d i i n g la D .
2KCIO3 ) 2KCU302t I'M du 8: De phan biet SO, va SO3 (hoi) bang phan ling trao d6'i ta diing thud'c
Nhiet phan K C I O 3 (kali clorat) c6 xiic tac M n O j . thir la
Dap an dung la B . ^ A. dung djch K M n 0 4 B. dung djch BaCU *'
Thi du 6: Di nhan bie't 3 dung dich: H Q , H2SO4, H2SO3 dung trong ba binh mat . C ^ n g djch Ba(OH)2 D . nu6c brom
nhan nguod ta chi c5n dung thu6c this la Hu&ng ddn gidi
A. NaOH B. C U S O 4 C. Ba(OH)2 D . Quy t i m Chon thud'c thir la dung dich BaCU: »•-' -
Hu&ng ddn gidi BaCl2 +SO3 + H20->BaS04 i+2Ha • ^ .^j^:
- Chon thu6c thir m Ba(0H)2 BaCl2 + S O 2 - > khdng xay ra. S'
- Cho Ba(OH)2 vao cac m l u thir:
âp an diing la B .
+ M ^ u khdng C O ke't tiia => mSu H Q ^huj Dung djch K M n 0 4 hoSc dung djch Br2 cung c6 the' phan biet duoc SO,
B a ( 0 H ) 2 + 2HC1 ^ 2 H 2 O + BaCl2(tan) SO3 nhung khdng phai bang phan ling trao doi (phan umg oxi hoa - khijr).
Thi du 9: £>i phan biet hai khi SO, CO, rifing le, khdng th^ dung dung d j ^ Hu&ng ddn gidi
nô sau day? 0^ th^ dung H 2 S O 4 dac d^ lam kh6 khf H Q (vi H Q kh6ng tac dung voi H,S04 dSc).
A. Dung dich Br, trong nucc B. Dung dich Ba(OH), £)^p an dung la D .
C. Dung djch I , trong nudt D. Dung djch KMn04 g/j^'.PTHH: H2S + 3 H 2 S O 4 - > 4 S 0 2 + 4 H 2 0
2NH3 + H2SO4 -> (NH4 )2 SO4
SO, phan utig duoc vdi dung djch Br,; dung djch I , , dung djch K M n O ^ (^.^
2NaBr + 2H2SO4 - ) • Br2 + SO2 + Na2S04 + 2H2O
dung djch nay bj nhat mau din):
S02+Br2+2H20^H2S04+2HBr p „ . . Dang 4: Xdc dinh cac chat phan itng
SO2 +12 + 2 H 2 O H 2 S O 4 + 2 H I
1 L i thuyet v$n dung va phuomg phap giai: i
5SO2 + 2 K M n 0 4 + 2 H 2 0 - > K 2 S 0 4 + 2MnS04 + 2H2SO4 Xem phSn if thuye't ve nhom oxi-luu huynh ,1 ?
C6n CO, kh6ng phan dug dirac vdi cac dung djch tr6n. D o do c6 t h ^ phan biet M6t s(5PTHH c^n luu y : .J^^^ j ^ ^ . , y. ^
CO, va SO, bang cac dung djch trdn. SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O -> H2SO4 + 2HBr ' '
Ca CO, va SO2 deu phan ung vdi dung djch Ba(OH), (tao ra kS't tua trang): 5SO2 + 2KMn04 + 2H2O K2SO4 + 2MnS04 + 2H2SO4
CO2 + B a ( O H ) 2 B a C O j i+H2O S + 2H2SO4 - ) . 3SO2 + 2H2O
SO2 + Ba (OH)^ - > BaSOj i +H2O 2P + 5H2SO4 2H3PO4 + 5SO2 + 2H2O

life to'fj^frtjb
Nen khdng t h ^ dung dung djch Ba(OH), de' phan biet hai khi CO, va SO,. 2FeO + 4H2SO4 -> Fe2(SO4)^ + SO2 + 4H2O , ^()•) ^j-)^^ ^ , : ) v
Ddp an dung la B.
O3 + 2KI + H , 0 > I , + O, + 2KOH ^ . , f t'B'^.•iih€ nkA
Cha v: Cac dung djch k i l m khac, C O , va SOj cung d i u phan iJng nhir nhau
(hien tucmg gi6'ng nhau). 4C1,+ H,S + 4 H , 0 • 8HCI + H2SO4 ^y,
Fe2(S04), + Fe > 3FeS04
Thidu 10: Cho 5 dung djch khdng mau K O H , H C l , H,S04, NaCl, Na2S04 dung
4H,0, + FbS PbS04 + 4 H , 0
trong 5 lo rieng biet. De phan biet chiing cAn dung it nha't bao nhieu hoa chat?
H,0, + CI, 2HC1 + O,
A. 4 B. 2 C. 1 D. 3
H2O, + A g , 0 2Ag + O2 + H , 0
Hu&ngddngidi
5H,0, + 2 K M n 0 4 + 3H,S04 K^SO* + 2MnS04 + O, + 8H,0
Chi dung B a ( H C 0 3 ) 2 c6 the phan biet duoc: 2H2S + SO, - > 3S + 2 H, 0 i^5ti3^H
Ba(HCO3 )^ + KOH -> BaCOj i +KHCO3 + H2O NaNOj (tt) + H2 S04(d) — ^ HNO3 + NaHS04
,0
: ' Ba(HC03)2+2HCl^BaCl2+2C02 t+2H20
SHI + H,S04 (d) ——> H2S + 41, + 4 H , 0
B a ( H C 0 3 \ H2SO4 ^ BaS04 i +2CO2 t +2H2O 2CrCl3 + lONaOH + 3 H , 0 , -> 2Na,Cr04 + 6NaCl + 8H,0
^' C a c thi du minh hoa:
* ^ B a ( H C 0 3 ) 2 + NaCl ^ Kh6ng xay ra.
Ba(HC03)2+Na2S04^BaS04i+2NaHC03 n ^hidu 1: Day chat nao sau day deu th^ hien tinh oxi hoa khi phan ung vdi SO2 ?
A. O 2 , nir6c brom, dung djch K M n 0 4 . <. ^
BaC03 + 2HC1 -> BaCl2 + CO2 t +H2O ^'-^r*^' + c^^
' ^^' • ^ : T 4 * « , ,
fi. H 2 S , 0 2 , nude brom. . i ,
BaS04 + HCl Khdng xay ra.
C. Dung djch N a O H . O j . d u n g dich KMn04. '^'^^'
Dap an dung la C . ''^^
Thidu 11: Co the' dung H,S04 dac de lam kh6 cha't nao trong cdc chat sau day? E). dung djchBaCl2,CaO,nuorc brom.
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khdi A)
A. H,S B. NH3 C. NaBr D. HCl
104 105
Hu&ng ddn gidi Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cdc chat Xhi hifin tinh o x i hoa khi phan ling vdi SO,: jjjguyen tijr S dong vai tro vira la chat khir, vira la chat oxi hod trong phan ling:
2SO2 + O2 ?^ 2SO3 * . 0 ,0 -2 +2
4 S + 6 N a O H — ^ • 2 Na2S +Na2S203 + 3H20
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr
p^p an dung la A .
5SO2 + 2 K M n 0 4 + 2 H 2 O - > K2SO4 + 2MnS04 + 2H2SO4 rhui- Trong NajSjO, c6 m6t nguydn tir S a trung tarn c6 s6' oxi hoa +4, m6t
Dap an diing la A . — r +4 /
nguyen tir S c6 s6' oxi hoa bang 0: Na2 ( - 0 ) ( - 0 ) S O) = S
Chu v: B. Loai v i H,S (th^ h\tn tinh khu) ^ „ ,
C. Loai v i dd N a O H (khdng oxi hoa - khiJr)
5: Cho cac chat: KBr,S,Si02,P,Na3P04,FeO,Cu va Fe203 . Trong cac
D. Loai V I dd B a Q j (khSng phan iJng); CaO (kh6ng o x i hoa - Vh\x).
chat tr6n, s6' chat cd th^ bi oxi hoa boi dung dich axit H2SO4 dac, nong la
Thi du 2: Cho day cac oxit: NO2, ^ 2 0 3 , SO2, C r O , , CO2, P2O5, CI2O7, SioJ^ ^.4. B. 6 C. 7 D. 5
CuO. Co bao nhifeu oxit trong day tac dung duoc vdi dung dich N a O H loang? (Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang khd'i A)
A.8. vv, B-5. C.7. D.6. Hu&ng ddn gidi

(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khoi A) CAc chat bj oxi hoa bofi H,S04 dac, nong:
Hu&ng ddn gidi 1) 2KBr + 2H2S04 K2SO4 + Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O
Cac oxit tac dung vdi dung djch N a O H loang la cac oxit axit: 2) S + 2H2SO4 3SO2+2H2O
N O 2, SO2, CO2, C r O j , P2O5, CI2O7 (6 oxit). 3) 2P + 5H2SO4 -> 2H3PO4 + 5SO2 + 2H2O
Dap an dung la D . !^'>MC . A 4) 2FeO + 4H2SO4 ^ Fe2 (SO4 )^ + SO2 + 4H2O
Thi du 3: Cho cac chat ridng bifit sau: FeS04, A g N O , , Na2S03, H2S, H I , 5) Cu + 2H2SO4 ^ CUSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
Fe304, Fe203 tac dung voi dung dich H2S04dac, nong. S6' triromg hop xiiy Dap an diing la D .
Chu v; Cac chat c^n tim phai cd tinh khir (H2SO4 dac, nong cd tinh oxi hoa manh).
ra phan ling oxi hoa - khijf la
A. 6. 3. C. 4. D . 5. Thidu 6: Cho day cac oxit sau: SO,, N O , , N O , SO3, CrOj, P2O5, CO, N2O5, N2O.
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoi B) S6 oxit trong day tac dung duoc vdi H2O a 61611 kidn thircfng la
. ' Hu&ng ddn gidi A. 7. B.6. C. 8. D . 5.

(Trich de tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B)
Cac chat phan ting vdi H2SO4 dac, nong xay ra phan umg oxi hoa khir la
Hu&ng ddn gidi
FeS04;H2S;m,Fe304 (4cha't).
PTHH:
Dap an diing la C.
1) SO2 + H2O H2SO3 (axit sunfuro)
Thi du 4: Nguyen tir S dong vai tro vira la chat khir, vira la cha't oxi hoa trong
2) 3NO2 + H2O -> 2HNO3 + N O
phan ling nao sau day?
3) SO3 + H2O H2SO4
A . 4S + 6NaOH — ^ 2Na2S + Na2S203 + 3H2O
4) Cr03 + H2O -> H2Cr04 (axit cromic)
B. S + 6HNO3 H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O 5) P205 + 3 H 2 0 - > 2 H 3 P 0 4 (axit photphoric) *
6) N2O5 + H2O ^ 2HNO3 (axit nitric) ^
C. S + 2 N a — ^ N a j S : -
âp an diing la B. vK;
D. S + 3 F 2 — ^ S F g ^hjuj: N O , N 2 0 , C O la cac chat oxit trung tinh (kh6ng tac dung vdi H2O, vdi
(Trich di tuyen sinh Cao dang khdiA),. ^ i t hay vdi baza).
107
Thi du 7: Cho phan ihig: fttidu 9: Co cac thi nghidm sau:
(1) O 3 + dung djch K I > » 'f*'' (I) Nhung thanh sit vao dung djch H 2 S O 4 loang, ngu6i.
(II) Sue khi S O 2 vao nu6c brom.
(2) F , + H3O —!—* (III) Sue khi C O 2 vao nu6c Gia-ven.
P (IV) Nhiing la nh6m vao dung djch H2SO4 dSc, ngu6i.
(3) MnOj + H C l d a c > 1, .ÎM, S6' thi nghiem xay ra phan img hoa hoc la
(4) C I 2 + dung dich H,S > A. 2. B.3. C.4. D . 1.
Cac phan irtig tao i a dcm chat la (Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH - Khoi B)
A.(l),(2),(3).' B.(l),(3),(4). C . (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (4).
Hu&ng ddn gidi
(Trich dethi tuyen sink DH - khd'i B)
Cac thi nghiem xay ra: ,
, , Hu&ngddngidi
(I) : Fe + H2SO4 (1) > FeS04 + H2 , ,^ > ,
Hoan thknh cac P T P L T :
(1)
^,
O 3 + 2KI + H , 0 >I,+ 0 , + 2K0H (II) : SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O
(III) : CO2 + H2O + N a Q O

=> Co 3 phan iJng hoa hoc xay ra.
> H2SO4 + 2HBr
> HCIO + NaHCOj

'
DungdichKI
Dap an dung la B. ,,
(2) M n O , + 4HCl(a, — ^ MnCl, + 0 , 1 + 2H2O
Thidu 10: Cac khi c6 thi ciing ton tai trong mot h5n hop la
(3) 2F2 + 2H2O — ^ 0 , + 4HF A.Cl2va02. B. H 2 S v a a 2 . C. N H 3 va H Q . D. H I va O 3 .

(4) 4CU + H,S + 4H,0 > 8HC1 + H2SO4 (Trich dethi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
Hu&ngddngidi
Dung dich H 2 S
Vay cdc phan ung tao ra dcm cha't 1^ 1, 2, 3. Halogen khong phan ung true tiep vofi O2 nen C I , va O , c6 the' cung t6n tai trong
m6t h6n hop.
Dap an diing la A .
Dap an diing la A.
Thi du 8: Hoa tan m gam h6n horp g6m A l , Fe vao dung dich H 2 S O 4 loang (du).
Sau khi cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc dung dich X . Cho dung dich 3. Cac bai tap tir luyen:
Ba(OH)2 (du) vao dung dich X , thu duoc ke't tua Y . Nung Y trong kh6ng khi C a u 1 : Cho h6n hop X g6m M g va Fe vao dung djch axit H2SO4 dac, nong de'n khi
de'n khd'i luomg kh6ng d6i, thu duoc chat ran Z la cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc dung djch Y va m6t phin Fe khOng tan.
A. h6n hop gom AU.Oj va F c j O , . B. h6n hop gdm BaS04 \k FeO. Cha't tan C O trong dung djch Y la
C. h6n hop g6m BaS04 va FePy D. F c j O j . A. MgS04. B. MgS04 va Fe2(S04)3. » . :?

(Trich dethi tuyen sinh DH - khd'i B) C. MgS04, Fe,(S04)3 va FeS04. D. MgS04 va FeS04.
Hu&ng dan gidi ' (Trich dethi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
Hu&ngddngidi "
So d6 phan utig: '^^
Al H2S04(l)du Al2(S04)., Ba(OH)2du BaS04i ^ 2 , t" BaS04 Sod6: Mg ^"2S04 ^ j^gSQ^
Fe > FeS04 > V^(0}\),i ^ ^^203 Fe > Fe2(S04)

H,S04du \^,ii-ei{ ' „ ,,i{:"n:*Vff .-'I Fe2(S04)3 + Fe > 3FeS04
(X) (Y) (Z) Cha't tan thu duoc g6m MgS04, FeS04.
vay trong Z c6 BaS04 va FcjO,. . . y , .^îf. , fâp an dung la D.
Dap an diing la C . .' „ ' ' f
108
C&u 2: Trircmg hap k h o n g xay ra phan dug hoa hoc c a u 5: Sue khi HjS d u qua dung djch chira AICI3, NH4CI, NaCl, C u Q j de'n khi bao
A . CU + 2NaOH > N a C l + N a Q O + HÔ hoa thu diroc kd't tua g6m
A . CuS B. Cu(OH)2 va A l ( O H ) 3
B. FeCU + H2S )• FeS + 2HC1
C. AI2S3 D . CuS AI2S3.
c. O3 + 2KI + ao 2 K O H + I , + O, Hu&ng ddn gidi ; .
D . 3 0 , + 2H2S — ^ 2H2O + 2SO2 Chi CO C u Q , phan ung vdi H2S: j;

(Trich de thi tuyen sink Coo dang khoi A) PTPLT: CUCI2 + H2S -> CuS i + 2HC1 ' '
Hu&ng ddn gidi K^tuacoCuS .ili . •
Truomg hap kh6ng xay ra phan \xng hoa hoc: Dap an diing la A .
Cau 6: SO, phan ung duoc vdri tat ca cac cha't trong nhom
FeCU + HjS >kh6ngxayra.
A. A g va niroic d o B. PjO, va dung djch Ca(OH)2
Ma FeS + 2HC1 (dd) > FeCl, + H^S 'I ' • -
C. M g va HjS D . A u va nir6c Br2
Dap an dung la B. '* • rir' t (,,.r
Hu&ngddngidi .() x
C a u 3: Phan utig ma trong do H j O j the' hien tinh oxi hoa 1^ SO2 phan ling duoc v d i :
A.H,a.PbS^ , B.H2O, +0^^
C. H2O: + AgoO D . H,02 + K M n 0 4 + H2SO4 ^ 2 M g +SO2 - ^ 2 M g O + 5
Hu&ng ddn gidi 2H2S +50,^35 + 2 H 2 O
Cac PTPU" xay ra: i'i
)ap an diing la C.
i 4H2O2 + PbS PbS04 + 4H20 ..iS^.^^'i^^'
hii v: - SO, khong phan umg vdi A g , A u , P2O5
O x i hoa khif
- SO, con phan ihig duoc voi ChJH.O; Br2/H20; Ca(OH)2,..
H2O2 + CI2 -> 2HC1 + O2 7 "
c a u 7: SO, bj k h u bai
Khir oxi hoa
•mi A. dung djch K M n 0 4 B. dung djch Brj
H2O2 + A g j O ^ 2 A g + O2 + H2O
C. dung djch H I D. dung djch N a O H
Khir oxi hoa
I I 5H2O2 + 2 K M n 0 4 + 3H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2MnS04 + O2 + SH.O Hu&ng ddn gidi
SO, bi khir bai H I
Khir oxi hoa
+4 -I 0 0
Dap an diing la A .
SO, + 4 HI -)>S + 2 I 2 + 2 H 2 O
OM 4: Cho timg chat: C, Fe, B a a 2 , Fe304, FeCOj, FeS, H2S, H I , A g N O j , HCl,
Cha't oxi hoa chat khir
NajCOj, NaNO,, FeS04 Mn luot tac dung vdi H2SO4 dac, nong. S6' phan ung
thu6c loai phan umg oxi hoa - khir la Dap an dung la C.
A. 9 B.6 M a C.7 D. 8 Chd v: - SO2 bj oxi hoa boi dung djch K M n 0 4 dung djch Br2,..
Hu&ng ddn gidi - K h i tac dung vdi N a O H , SO, kh6ng bj oxi hoa cung kh6ng bj khir (phan ung
Cac cha't phan ung \6i H2SO4 dac, nong thu6c loai phan ting oxi hoa - khir la: axit - baza).
0 / +4 A f +3 ^ +8/.3 f+3 +2 +3 Cau 8: Trong c6ng nghiep luydn kirn mau, thu duac m6t luang Ion san ph^m phu la
C CO2 ;Fe Fe2 (804)3 ; P ^ 3 0 4 Fe2(S04) ; FeCOj Fe2 (504)3 SO2. Di chuyen hoa SO2 thanh san phim c6 gia trj nguofi ta c ^ sir dung th6m
5 ^ J V J V J hoa chat la
+2 -2 f+3 > -2 ( 44 > -1 +2 f+3 ^ A . O2 hoac H,S B. dung djch K M n 0 4
FeS Fe, (504)3 S02 ; H I h ;FeS04 Fe, (504)3 (8 chat). C. n u d c c l o D . dung djch Ca(OH)2
V J
Hu&ng ddn gidi
=> Co 8 phan img oxi hoa - khir Til SO2 thu duoc, de SO, thanh san ph^m c6 gia trj (S, H2SO4, ...)cin dung them
Dap an dung la D . hoa chat la O , hoac H,S: . . . •
2S02 + O j < > 2SO3 2) C u 2 S - ^ ^ C u 0 + S02
SO2 + 2H2S > 3S + 2H2O A g 2 S — ^ ^ ^ ^ A g + S02 .,At ^ Its ^ '\
Dap an diing la A. H g S - ^ ^ H g + S02 ,

Cau 9: Trong cac chat: N a Q , SO,, FeS04, HjS, Na,S04. Nhihig chat c6 kha nSng
3) Z n S - i ^ Z n 0 + S02
tac dung vdi K,Cr207 (trong m6i trirofng H , SO4 loang, du) la
Dap an diing la A. ^
A. NaCl, SO,, FeS04, H^S B. FeS04, HjS ; ,
cau 12: Thuc hifen cac thi nghidm sau:
C. N a Q , SO,, FeS04, HjS, Na,S04 D. SO,, FeS04, H,S. ,,
(1) Sue khi 8O2 vao dung dich KjCrjO, trong H2SO4 loang
Hu&ngddngidi
(2) Sue khi SO2 vao dung dich HNO3 dSc
NhOng chat tac dung diroc vdri K,Cr,07/H,S04 loang la cac cha't khu:
(3) Sue khi SO, vao dung dich Ca(OH),
6NaCl + K 2 C r 2 0 7 + 7 H 2 S 0 4 ^ K 2 S 0 4 + 2 C l 2 + 3 N a 2 S 0 4 + 0 2 ( 8 0 4 ) 3 + 7 H 2 O
(4) Cho K M n 0 4 vao dung djch HCl dac ^
3SO2 + K 2Cr207 + H2SO4 K 2SO4 + Cr 2 (SO4 )3 + H2O (5) Cho SiO, vao dung dich H F ' '
6FeS04 +K2Cr207 +7H2SO4 ->3Fe2 (804)3 + K2SO4 + 0 2 ( 8 0 4 ) 3 + 7 H 2 O (6) Cho CrOj vao dung dich NaOH. , .,
S6' thi nghiSm eo phan ufng oxi hoa - khir xay ra la: ,
3H2S + 4K2Cr207 +13H28O4 - > 4K2SO4 + 4Cr2 (SO4 )3 + 1 6 H 2 O
A. 4 B.6 C.5 D.3
Dap an dung la A.
Hu&ngddngidi
C a u 10: Cho cac cap chat sau day tac dung vdi nhau: O, + C I , (1); H,S + SO, (2); PTHH xay ra:
CuS + dung djch HCl (3); tinh the NaNO, + dung djch H,S04 dac, nong (4); H I
1) 3SO2 + K2Cr207 + H2SO4 - > K 2 S O 4 + Cr2 ( 8 0 4 ) 3 +
+ dung dich H,S04 dac, nong (5); dung djch h6n hop N a O H va H , 0 , + dung
djch CrCI, (6). Cac cap chat kh6ng xay ra phan iJng la 2) 802 + 2 H N 0 3 - ^ H 2 8 0 4 + 2 N 0 2
A.(l);(3) B. (2); (3); (4)
8O2+Ca(OH)2 ^ C a S 0 3 + H 2 0 ' J '
C.(l);(3);(6) D.(l);(3);(5);(6)
Hu&ngddngidi 3) 2 K M n 0 4 +16HC1 -> 2KC1 + I M n Q j + S Q j + S H j O ^ ^-.7
P T P U xay ra (ne'u c6): • '* ' , Si02+4HF^8iF^ + 2H20 '•JX>f/0 • ^
1. O, + C I , ^ Kh6ng xay ra Cr03+2NaOH->Na2Cr04+H20 tHM sv J
2. 2H,S + SO, 3S + 2 H , 0
3. CuS + H C l Khong xay ra. Dap an dung la D .
4. N a N O j (tt) + H , S04(d) HNO3 + NaHS04 C. BAI T A P T 6 N G H O P ' •- K S ^ wîo^ f-?
5. SHI + H,S04 (d) — H , S + 41, + 4 H , 0 cau 1: Phat bidu nao sau day la sai?
6. 2CrCl3 + lONaOH + 3 H , 0 , 2Na,Cr04 + 6 N a a + 8 H , 0 A. Q o duoc dung di di&t trung nu6c trong hd thd'ng cung ca'p nude sach.
B. Amoniae duoc dung d^ diû ch6' nhifen li6u cho tdn lira.
Dap an dung la A.
C. L u u huynh dioxit duoc dung lam cha't ch6'ng na'm m<5c.
Cû 11: D6't chay hoan loan cac cha't sau: FeS2,Cu2S,Ag2S,HgS,ZnS trong oxi
D. Ozon trong khong khi la nguydn nhan chi'nh gay ra su bie'n d6i khi hau.
(dir). Sau cac phan ung xay ra hoan loan, s6' phan irng tao ra oxit k i m loai la
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH kho'i B)
A-3 B.2 C.5 D.4
Hu&ngddngidi
Hu&ngddngidi \.
Ozon (O3) trong kh6ng k h i kh6ng phai Ik nguydn nhan gay ra sU bifi'n d6i khi
Sof d6 cac phan iJng xay ra: hau phat bieu D sai. 1;.
1) Fe82-±^Fe203+802 Dap an diing la D.

i n 111
Cû 2: Cho cac hop chat: Fe304, CO, OF2, H O H . Hap chat khong phai oxit la Hu&ng ddn gidi
A . OF2. B.CO. C. H O H . D.Fe304.
LJng dung khdng phai ciia ozon la diû che' oxi trong ph6ng thf nghi6m( D ^ didu
Hu&ng ddn gidi .:
che' oxi trong phong thi nghi^m ngucri ta nhiet phan KCIO3 (xuc tac M n O j ) ,
"' +2-1
KMn04,-)-
Hop chat OF2 ( o x i florua) kh6ng phai la oxit ( v i trong hop cha't n^y o x i c6 s6'
p^p an diing la D .
oxi hoa +2) - ••
' . , • •
CaU 6: Chat duoc diing de' t^y trang gia'y va b6t gia'y trong c6ng nghifip la
Dap an diing la A . ;v i 1 ' A t
;^.C02 BSO, C. NO2 D.N2O
cau 3: Phat bifiu dung la:
A . Ngucri ta sir dung ozon d^ t^y trSng tinh b6t va dSu Sn. (Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
B. Kh6ng th^ diing nir6c brom d^ phan biet 2 khi HjS va SOj. Hu&ng ddn gidi
Khi sunfura (SO2) c6 kha nang khir m6t s6' chat mau hOu ca thanh chat kh6ng
C. d trang thai r l n , NaCl t6n tai dudi dang tinh th^ phan tijf.
mau (mau trSng). Do do, no duoc diing dd' t^y trang gia'y, b6t gia'y, ...
D . Niroc cucmg toan la h6n hop dung djch HNO3 va H C l v o i t i Id m o l tuong ihig
la 3:1. Dap an diing la B .
Chu y: Nhiing canh hoa h6ng mau do vô dung dich SO2 thi sau m6t liic canh
" ' ' Hu&ngddngidi
hoa h6ng bi mat mau (thanh mau trang).
- Ozon (O3) diing d^ t^y trSng tinh b6t, din an,
Cau 7: Cho x mol Fe tan hoan toan iiong dung djch chiia y mol H2SO4 (ti Id x : y =
- Dung djch Br2/H20 CO thd'phan biet hai k h i SO2 va H2S: ^
2 : 5), thu duoc mot san ph^m khur duy nha't va dung dich chi chiia mud'i sunfat.
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O-). H2SO4 + 2HBr
56' mol electron do luang Fe trdn nhucmg khi bj hoa tan la
H2S + Br2 ^ S i + 2 H B r A. 2x . B. 2y C. y D. 3x
- NaCl la tinh th^ ion (hofp chat ion) (Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gim
- Nuoc cu5ng toan (cucmg thuy) la h6n hop HNO3 va H Q (nHN03 • "HCI = ^ •
Nhan xet: + ) x : y = 2 : 5 = > y = 2,5x (1) . ,
Phat bie'u diing la A 0 +n
Dap an diing la A . +) F e - ne > Fe
Cku 4: Tac nhan chii yfi'u gay mua axit la ' ' x - > nx ^ X
A. COvaCO,. B. S02vaN02. V i n (min) = 2; n (max) = 3 2x < nx < 3x (2) ' •''

C. CH4 va NH3. ; ., , D. CO, va CH4. +6 +(6-m)
+) S ( H 2 S 0 4 ) + me > S »
" (Trich de thi tuyen sink DH • CD khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi ma
Tac nhan chii ye'u gay mua axit la SO, va N O j :
SO4 >S04 (muoi sunfat)
502 + NO2 ).S03 + N 0 ' b b r'.;..:uyyh;i-^
503 + H2O > H2SO4 Theo dinh luat bao toan electron: nx = ma (3) ,
Theo dinh luat bao toan didn ti'ch: nx = 2b (4)
2NO + O2 > 2NO2
Theo dinh luat bao toan nguydn t6': a + b = y (5)
4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O > 4HNO3 Tiir (3,4) => ma = 2b (6) V , t
Nu6c mira c6 hoa tan n h i l u H2SO4, HNO3 => gay ra mua axit (c6 p H < 5). V d i m = 2 (san ph^m khir SO2): , j
Dap an diing la B .
T i r ( 6 ) : 2a = 2 b = > a = b ::rfr
Cau 5: LSig dung nao sau day khong phai ciia ozon? Thay vao (5): 2b = y '
A . Sat trung nuoc sinh boat. B. Ch&a sau rang. => nx = 2b = y (thoa man diSu kidn (2)).
C. Tiy trdng tinh b6t, ddu an. D. Diû chd'oxi trong phong thi nghifem. Vay s6' mol electron do Fe cho la y. ' -
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH - CD, khoi B) Dap an diing la C .
114
M inmi mm giai mam m HoWhor, lay 2 - Cu Thanh loan
+ V d i m = 6 (san ph^m khir la S):

Tir (6) r=> 6a = 2b => 3a = b 't g,flxi %Vo^ = ^ X 100% = 25% , , , ,_
Thay vao (5): 4a = y => 6a = l,5y. ; > -
=> nx = 6a = 1,5y = 1,5. 2,5x = 3,75x (=> loai do khdng thoa man diiu kifin (2)) %Vo2 = 1 0 0 % - 2 5 % = 7 5 %
+ Vori m = 8 (san phdm khu la H.S): Cû 10: H6n hop khi A g6m c6 O , va O 3 , ti khO'i ciia hOn hop khi A dO'i vdd khi H ,
T u (6) => 8a = 2b => 4a = b la 19.2. H6n hop khi B g6m c6 H j va khi CO, t i khd'i ciia h6n hop khi B ddi vdi
Thay vao (5): 5a = y => 8a = 1,6y . ' H2la3,6. ^ ^
=> nx = 8a = 1,6y = 1,6. 2,5x = 4x (=> loai do diû kien (2)). a) Tinh thanh phSn phSn tram theo thd' tich ciia mdi khi cd trong hdn hop khi A
C&u 8: So sanh the ti'ch khi o x i thu duoc (dktc) khi nhidt phan huy hoan toari va B.
K M n 0 4 , K C I O , trong cac tnrcmg hop sau: ,, ,,,,, b) Mdt mol khi A cd th^ dd't chay hoan toan bao nhidu mol khi CO?
Hu&ngddngidi
a) Cac chat c6 ciing kh6'i luong
b) Cac cha^t CO ciing so mol ' a) Khd'i luong mol trung binh ciia hdn hop khi A : M = 19,2.2 = 38,4 (gam)
Hu&ngddngidi Dat X va y la sd mol O3 va O2 cd trong 1 mol hdn hop k h i , ta cd:
P T H H ctia phan ling dieu che khi o x i : ^ ^ ^ i ^ = 38,4 ^ y = l , 5 x ^^.'^ - v. .
'• 2KMn04 K,Mn04 + Mn02 + 0 , 1 (1)
2KCIO5 — ^ 2KC1 + SO^t (2) Phin tram v6 thi tich: % 0 , = x 100% = 4 0 % . -J " " •* "
x + l,5x
a) N6'u cac cha't CO C l i n g khd'i luong :
%0,= 1 0 0 % - 4 0 % = 60%. i
Theo (1) : 316 g K M n 0 4 dieu che duoc 1 mol O ,
Giai tuong tu ta cd hdn hop khi B: 80% H . va 20% CO. "
Theo (2) : 245 g KCIO3 d i l u che duoc 3 mol O .
b) PTHH ciia cac phan ihig dot chay CO :
vay 316 g KCIO3 dieu che'duoc:
.y B - 2 4 5
« 3,87 (mol) O , . 2CO + o , ^ 2CO2 f f ,.oe!/j- -i' :
vay ne'u diing cung m6t kh6'i luong thi th^ tich khi oxi thu duoc tiir KCIO3 nhieu
3CO + 0 3 ^ 3 C 0 2 (2) ^,,,^,,,,cs^,R::•.,
Trong 1 mol hdn hofp khi A cd 0,6 mol O , va 0,4 mol O 3 .
hon 3,87 Idn so vdi K M n 0 4
Theo (1): 0,6 mol O , dd't chay dupe 1,2 mol CO.
b) N6'u cac cha't c6 ciing s6' m o l :
Theo (2): 0,4 mol O3 dot chay dupe 1,2 mol CO. Of ^
Theo ( 1 ) : 2 mol K M n 0 4 diû che duoc 1 mol khi O j .
Nhu vay: 1 mol hdn hpp khi A dd't chay dupe 2,4 mol khi CO.
Theo ( 2 ) : 2 mol K a 0 3 dieu chd' duoc 3 mol khi O .
Cau 11: Dd't ndng mdt hdn hpp gdm 5,6 g bdt sat va 1,6 g bdt luu huynh trong mdi
N h u vay neu diing cCing s6' mol thi the tich khi oxi thu duoc tir KCIO3 nhiû hon
trudng khdng cd khdng k h i , thu dupe hdn hpp rSn X . Cho hdn hpp X phan ling
3 \in so v6i K M n 0 4
hoan toan vdi 500 m l dung dich H C l , thu dupe hdn hpp khi A va dung dich B
Cau 9: Co m6t h6n hop khi g6m oxi va ozon. H6n hop khi nay c6 t i kh6'i dd'i vdi
(hieu sua't ciia cac phan iimg la 100%).
hidro bang 18. Hay xac djnh thanh phSn phdn tram theo the' tich ciia hOn hop khi.
a) Tinh thanh phSn phSn tram theo the tich ciia hdn hpp k h i A . ">
Hu&ng ddn gidi
b) Bia't rang cdn dung 125 ml dung dich NaOH 0,1M dd' trung hda H Q con du
Khd'i luong mol trung binh cua h6n hop k h i : M = 18.2 = 36 (g) " trong dung dich B, hay tinh ndng dd mol ciia dung djch H C l da dimg.
-5
Goi X va y la s6' mol O 3 va O2 c6 trong 1 mol hdn hop k h i . Hu&ng ddn gidi
Theo bai ra ta c6:
npe = — = 0,1 ( m o l ) ; n s = — = 0,05 ( m o l ) ; a
X + y=1 , , 56 32
Jx + y = l J X =0,25
48x + 32y "NaOH =0.125.0,1 =0,0125 ( m o l ) .
= 36 48x + 3 2 y - 3 6 ^ | y = 0,75
X +y Q c phuong trinh hda hpc ciia phan ling: :
Fe + S FeS (1) Kh6'i luong cua hidro c6 trong 0,1 m o l H j O la: 2.0,1 = 0,2 (g) va khd'i luong cua
FeS + 2 H a FeCl, + H^S (2) ' lifu huynh c6 trong 0,1 mol SO, la: 32.0,1 = 3,2 (g) dung bang kh6'i luong ciia
Fe (du) + 2HC1 -> FeClj + H , (3) hop chat A dem d6't (3,4 g).
HCl(du) + NaOH ^NaCl + H p (4) vay thanh p h & ciia hop chat A chi c6 2 nguyfin t6' la H v^ S.
Ti le giSa s6'mol nguyen t u H va s6'mol nguyen t i i S la:
a) Thanh phSn h6n hop k h i A:
nH:ns = 0,1.2:0,l=2: 1 • '
Theo (1): 0,05 m o l Fe tac dung vdd 0,05 mol S, sinh ra 0,05 m o l FeS;
C6ng thiic phan tir ciia hop chStt A la: HjS. i W i /fV; ^5;^;); V ,
S6 mol Fe du = 0,1 - 0,05 = 0,05 (mol).
b) PTHH cua phan ling ddt chay H,S. <.X:i;^^'v
H6n hop ran g6m 0,05 m o l FeS tao thanh va 0,05 mol Fe du.
2H2S + 3 0 , - > 2SO, + 2 H , 0 . ..| ^^^pj|,,„. , .
Theo (2): 0,05 m o l FeS tac dung vdi 0,10 mol HCl, sinh ra 0,05 m o l H2S.
c) N6ng d6 phfo tram cua cac chat trong dung djch:
Theo (3): 0,05 m o l Fe du tac dung vdi 0,01 m o l HCl, sinh ra 0,05 m o l H j .
Bie't s6' mol N a O H (0,3 mol) nhieu hon 2 l i i so vd i SO2 (0,1 m o l ), vay san
N h u vay h6n hop k h i A c6 thanh phSn ph^n tram theo t h ^ tich :
ph^m la mudi N a j S O j : ' • h., •.^îj'i- w.?i;?t ,. ,;..
50% khi H2S va 50% khi H , . S02 + 2 N a O H -> NajSOj + H2O. 5>
b) Theo (4), s6' mol H C l = s6' mol NaOH = 0,0125 mol. f'^^'^f' . Kh6'i luong SO, thu duoc = 0,1.64 = 6,4 (g) >
Tong s6' mol HCl tham gia cac phan ling (2), (3), (4) : ' ^' - Khd'i lucmg ciia dung dich sau phan ling: 1:
0,1 +0,1+0,0125 = 0,2125 (mol) m',a= 146,6 + 6 , 4 = 153(g). ^
Ndng do mol cua dung djch HCl la: ,, i - Khd'i luong cac chat CO trong dung dich sau phan ling:
C M = ^ | y ^ = 0,425 (mol/1) r,- , .i ,.7; f! , mNa2S03 = 126.0,1 = 12,6 (g) Na2S03 HH >
niNaOH du = 40.(0,3 - 0,2) = 4 (g) N a O H •''

C ^ u 12: Tilr nhung chat sau: Cu, S, H2S, O2, Na2S03, H2SO4 dac va H2SO4 loang,
- N6ng d6 phSn tram cac chSft trong dung dich sau phan ling: ;
hay vie't P T H H ciia phan ling diû che SOj. , J, ,
12,6
' • ••• • Hu&ngddngidi C% Na2S03 -.100% « 8,24%
153
Cu + 2H2SO4 > CUSO4 + SO, t +2H2O il 4 •'S;££-f yM}-r4 ifwS.fi
C% NaOH du
.100% « 2 , 6 1 %
S + 2H2SO4 „,„g > 3 8 0 , + 2H2O 153 . : •••CA;.'.... ,
Cû 14: Thuc hi6n nhiJng bid'n d6i hoa hoc sau bang each vi^t nhftng P T H H v^ ghi
S + O, — ^ SO,
di6u kien cQa phan ling, nS'u c6:
2H2S + 3 0 , — 2 S O , + 2 H , 0 H2SO4
H2SO4 + Na2S0., > Na,S04 + SO21 + H2O (2) (3)
CJku 13: Dot chay hoan toan 3,4 g hop chat A, thu duofc 2,24 lit khi SO2 (dktc) va (1) (4)
H,S SO
2-
> SO3
1,8 H , 0 .
a) Hay xac dinh c6ng thiic phan t u ciia hop chat A. (6) (7)
b) Viet P T H H b i l u d i l n phan ling chay ciia hop chat A.

c) D3n khi SO, thu dtfoc of tren vao 146,6 g dung dich, trong do c6 h6a tan 0,3
Hu&ng dan gidi
mol NaOH. Hay xac dinh n6ng d6 ph^n trSm cac cha't c6 trong dung dich sau
Cac P T H H cho nhiing bife'n ddi:
phan ling.
1) Dot k h i H2S trong o x i hoac kh6ng khi du:
• Hu&ngddngidi ,.-':v'„,
a) S^ mol cac san phim cua phan ung : *- '' 2H2S + 3 0 , — ^ 2H2O + 2SO2
2 24 1 8 2) Dung Br, o x i hoa k h i SO,:
nso2 " ^ ^'' " H 2 0 =^ - j j = 0.1 (mol)
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O ^ 2HBr + H2SO4.
1 10
3) Diing Cu khif H2SO4 dac: V6i M Y = 13. 2 = 26 => Y C6 HJS va H,, do F e du phan irng vdi HCl.
2H2SO4 + Cu '° > CUSO4 + 2 H 2 O + SO2 F e , , + 2HC1-> Pea, + H j t (3) -
4) Dung khi oxi d^ oxi hoa SO2 vdi xuc tac VjO,: . ^ ..^^ , „ ^^^^^^ „ 2H2S + 3 0 , 2 S O 2 + 2H2O (4) *
2H2 + O2 ^>2H20 ^ ,,,,,j«;;r;', • (5) ?v-:v-:,.,
,,yK, 2Sa+0,^^^2S03 •••• ^^'^'^'-^'M'j'm^f.:..::^^
SO2 + H 2 O 2 - > H2SO4 (6)
5) Cho SO3 tac dung voi H 2 O : i^ * ? Dat nH2s(mo');"H2 =*'('"oO ' ,
S 0 3 + H , 0 ^ H2SO4 rdc: - 34a + 2b a 3
6) Ddt lini huynh trong oxi hoSc trong kh6ng k h i :
S + O, ^ SO2
Gia sijr nH2 = l("ioO =^ "H2S = 3(mol)
7) Dung H2S khir SO2: 2H2S + SO2 — ^ 3S + 2H2O . , 1 , 6 , ; M •:, '101
C&u 15: Cho 35,6 g h6n hop hai mu6'i NajSOj, NaHS03 tac dung vdri m6t luong du
Theo (1), (2) = ^ Up, phi,, = ns = np.s = n^^s = 3(mol)
dung djch H2SO4. Khi phan ling kd't thiic, ngucri ta thu duoc 6,72 h't khi (dktc).
a) Viet cac PTHH ciia nhung phan ling da xay ra. Theo(3) => np^dx = = l ( m o l ) => np,ba„dsu = 1 + 3 = 4 (mol)
b) Ti'nh kh6'i luong mdi mud'i trong h6n hop ban dSu. i \ ' 'f I « i.t,m Vay: %mp, = ^ 4 r ^ ^ = 70%; %ms= 100%-^70% = 30% I ; , . :
4.56 + 3.32 ,
Hucmgddngidi * fci A'e\>: '. .
a) C d c P T H H : ,, >• ^ b) nY = = 0,1 (mol) =>T\y^^s= -.0,1 = O,075(mol)
22,4 4 ,(i I
NazSOj + H2SO4 Na2S04 + H.O + SOj t ^^g)
2NaHS03 + H2SO4 ^ Na2S04+ 2H2O + 2 S 0 2 t (2) z:>nH =0,1-0,075 = 0,025(mol) ' yli-a).
b) Dat X va y la s6' mol ciia mu6'i NajSOj va NaHSOj trong h6n hop. Tir do ta c6 he
phuong trinh dai s6': Theobaira: n H , o , = ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ = 0,15(mol) . ,,«lsn ,
'I26x + 104y = 35,6 - '
Tir(4),(6) i ^ n s o , =nH2s=0,075(mol) .(
x + y = 0,3 -'s-y .
Giai he phuong trinh, ta duoc: x = 0,2 va y = 0,1. -"^^ Tir(6) i=>nH2S04 ="502 = 0,075(mol)=>H2O2 du.
n i N a j s O j - 0 . 2 . 1 2 6 = 25,2 (gam) ,.i'a*' nH202 phdnA,g= nso2 = 0 , 0 7 5 ( m o l ) = ^ H 2 O 2 du = 0,15 - 0,075 = 0,075 (mol)
mNaHS03 = 0.1-104 =10,4 (gam). Ap dung B T K L ta c6:

"iddB = mddH202 + mso2 + niHjO = 100.1 + 0,075.64 + 0,1.18 = 106,6(g)
CSu 16: Dun nong h6n hop X g6m b6t Fe v& S trong dieu kien kh6ng c6 khdng khi,
thu duoc h6n hop ran A. Cho A tac dung vdi m6t luong du dung djch HCl thu Vay: C%H2SQ,="'"^^-^^-^°Q=6,695(%)
dupe san phdm khi Y c6 ti kh6'i so vdi H2 la 13. La'y 2,24 lit (do cf diû kien tieu
chu^n) khi Y dem dot chay r6i cho toan b6 san phdm chay do di qua 100 ml
dung djch HjOj 5,1% (c6 kh6'i lirpng rieng bang 1 g/ml), sau phan ihig thu dur<c C%H,0,d..°-°^^-^'''«'.2,392(%). '
106,6
dung djch B. Cac phan utig xay ra hoan toan.
17: Ham luong cho phep cua luu huynh trong cac nhien lieu la 0,3% theo kh6'i
a. Tinh thanh phSn % kh6'i luong cac chat trong h6n hop X. Iwong. De' xac djnh ham luong ciia luu huynh trong m6t loai nhien lieu, ngUcri ta
b. Xac djnh ndng d6 % cac chat trong dung djch B. ^,, ^ , ^ j . ^ 100 gam nhien lidu do va d6't chay hoan toan, san ph^m tao ra g6m SO2, CO,
Hu&ng ddn gidi „^ / hoi nude. DSn toan b6 lupng khi nay vao nude dupe 500 ml dung djch (gia sir
a) Phuong trinh phan ufng: ^* ' ^ * toan b6 SO. deu tan vao nude). La'y 10 ml dung djch nay dem chu^n d6 vdd dung
Fe + S->FeS . (1) djch KMn64 nong d6 0,005 M . The' ti'ch dung djch' K M n 0 4 cdn dung la 12,5 ml.
FeS + 2Ha -)• FeClj + H^St (2) ''^ -y^^^, ' y<i. > IM^C.,,, , Hoi loai nhien lieu tren c6 dupe phep sir dung kh6ng? Tai sao?
101
«.» uiuHi iiiui j{mi III
Hu&ng ddn gidi fru&ng hqrp 1: 3 khi la CO,, N , va O, dir.

S6 mol KMn04 = 0,005.0,0125 = 0,0000625 (mol) C + O2 -> CO2 (+N2)
PTHH: 5SO2 + 2KMn04 + 2H2O K2SO4 + 2MnS04 + 2H2SO4 BandSu: 0,044 1,6a 0 2,4a
Phan ihig: 0,044 ^ 0,044 0,044
"soz - - 0 , 0 0 0 0 6 2 5 -0,00015625(11101)
Saupu: 0 (1,6a-0,044) 0,044 2,4a
PTHH: S + 02->S02 /î-v/kv..', [0,044 mol C O 2
= > n s - n s o 2 =0,00015625(niol)=>nis = 0,005 (gam) . , ,. Sau phan ung c6: 1,6a-0,044 mol Oj du
2,4a mol N2
Kh6'i luong S trong 100 gam nhien li6u = 0.25(g)
10 0,044.100%
Theo bai ra ta c6: 22,92% - a = 0,048 rJigtt/;:
0,25.100 4a
=>%ms = = 0,25% < 0,3%
100 Suy ra m o 2 = 0,048.32 = l,536(g) =^ m = 12,536(g) r;^
Vay nhifin liSu duoc phep sir dung. Thanh phSn cac chat trong A:
Cku 18: Khi nung m gam h6n hgfp A g6m KMn04 va KCIO3 ta thu duoc khi va 0,012.122,5.100%
h6n hop ran B. Trong B c6 0,894 gam K Q chie'm 8,132% theo kh6'i luong (B %m KC103 -11,73%
12,536
khOng con KQOj). Luong khi O2 tao ra o trdn diroc trdn voi kh6ng khi theo ti le
thi tich tuong ling la 1: 3 thu duoc h6n hop khi D. Sau khi cho h6n hop D dot %mKMn04 =100-11,73 = 88,27%
chay het 0,528 gam cacbon thu duoc hdn hop khi E g6m 3 khi, trong do c6 * Truomg hap 2: 3 khi la CO2, N2 va CO
22,92% CO2 theo thd'tich. - Bao toan C: n^Q + nco2 = "c = 0,044
Hoi m CO th^ nhan nhOng gia tri n£lo de' thoa tri cua m (bid't khdng khi c6 20%
thi tich la O2, 80% la N,). - Bao toan O: nco + 2nco2 = 2no2 = 3,2a
Hu&ng ddn gidi =>nco2 = 3,2a-0,044 (mol)
T6ng s6' mol khi: n^^ = rico + nco2 + ^ ^^^'^ + 2,4a

8,132
Kh6'i luong h6n hop B : mg = ^'p^f,^!,^ ~''(s^"")
™ ^ _ (3,2a-0,044). 100
Sad6: KC103,KMn04 ->02 + B Theo bai ra ta c6: 22,92 = '- => a = 0 02
0,044 + 2,4a
=> m = I H B + mo2 =11 +
Vay m = 11 + 0,02 . 32 = 11,64 (gam) .. :
KM-
(dieu kien nQ^ ^ 0,018 mol => m o 2 ^ 0,576 gam) Thanh phdn cac chat trong A:
0,012.122,5.100%
S6' mol cacbon = 0,528/12 = 0,044 mol %m KC103 = 12,63%
11,64
PTHH: C + O2 - > C O 2 (1)
^«mKMn04 = 100-12,63 = 87,37% .
2 C + O2 -> 2CO (2)
=> 3 khi la CO2, N , va O2 du hoac CO2, va CO. CÛ 19: Nung nong 1,76 gam mu6'i sunfua ciia kim loai M hoa tri 2 (MS) trong
oxi CO du. Hoa tan ba ran trong luong vira dii dung djch H2SO4 29,4% duoc dung
Goi s6' mol O2 sinh ra do nung A la a (mol) = 3a (mol)
djch A. Nong d6 mu6'i trong A la 34,5%. Lam lanh A, c6 2,9 gam mu6'i ngam
"O2(kk)=0,6a nuoc bi tach ra va dung djch con lai c6 n6ng do mu6'i la 23%.
Xac dinh c6ng thiJc ciia mu6'i ngam nude. Bie't rang trong cac hop chat kim loai
nN2(kk)=2,4a - , .
M CO th^ CO cac s(5 oxi hoa la + 2 hoac +3. .
S6' mol 0 , ban dSu = a + 0,6a = 1,6a (mol) Hu&ng ddn gidi
i Goi s(5mol MS la a (mol). Sod6 cac phan ung: ; ; .h i
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang ViOt
2MS- 2MS + (2 + n : 2 ) 0 2 M 2 0 „ + 2SO2

0,5a (mol) 0,5a
12^04-^ M 2 ( S 0 4 ) 3 + 3 H 2 0
M2O3 + 3H,S04 M 2 0 „ + 2nHN03 .2M(N03)_^ + n H 2 0
;j;-;f'i .
0,5a 1,5a - > 0,5a (mol) 0,5a an a
Kh6'i luong dung djch H N O 3 : m = an x 63 x 100: 37,8 = 500an : 3 (g)
Khdi luong dung dich H2SO4 29,4% cin dung:
• . , , ,
Khd'i luong dung djch sau phan ling: m = aM + 8an + 5(X)an : 3 (g)
l,5a.98.100 Ta c6: (aM + 62an) : (aM + 524an : 3) = 0,4172
nidd axil — =500a(gam)
29,4 N e n M = 18,65n. l.^ y; <t:r-:j.,,.
Khoi lirotig dung dich sau phan ihig (hoa tan ba rSn trong axit): Qion n = 3. Suy ra M = 56 (Fe). i,,Ov/V; rt;V; ;i';v<:, -^-f^. .
Tldd sau pu — 1,5 rj„ + m Tac6:a(M + 32) = 4,4. Suy ra a = 0,05 life-sHk-J
=> m<y p„ = 0,5a (2M + 48) + 500a = 524a + aM (g) Kh6'i lugmg Fe(N03)3 la: m = 0,05 x 242 = 12,1 (g).
Kh6'i luong dung djch sau khi muoi k€t tinh:
0,5a(2M + 288).100
34,5-- mjd = aM + 524an: 3 - 8,08 = 20,92 (g) '
Theo hhi ra ta c6: 524a + aM
Khoi lucmg Fe(N03)3 con lai trong dung djch la:
l,76 = a ( M + 32)
m = 20,92 X 34,7 : 100 = 7,25924 (g) , .;, ^ a ;
Gidi ra ta duoc: M = 56 (Fe); a = 0,02. Kh6'i luong Fe(N03)3 ke't tinh: m = 12,1 - 7,25924 = 4,84 (g)
Vay muoi trong dung djch A la Fe2(S04)3 Dat c6ng thiic Fe(N03)3.nH20
Xac djnh mu6'i ngSm nu6c Fe2(S04)3.nH20 (i ,< , ti Suy ra 4,84 : 242 x (242 + 18n) = 8,08. Suy ra n = 9.
Kh6'i luong dung djch A = 11,6 (gam) ' C6ng thirc mu6'i ngam nude ke't tinh: Fe(N03)3.9H20. ];
Kh6'i luong Fe2(S04)3 tan trong A = 4 (gam) Dap an diing la C. ..: •
Kh6'i lirong dung dich con lai sau khi lam lanh: i ' . ' <*-'^^0 Cû 21: Cho hai binh c6 thi tich bang nhau:
mad con lai = 11,6 - 2,9 = 8,7 (gam). - Binh (1) chua 1 (mol) CU; binh (2) chiia 1 (mol) O,
Goi X la s6' mol Fe2(S04)3.nH20 tach ra. Theo bai ra ta c6: - Cho vao hai binh 2,4 (gam) bot kim loai M c6 hoa trj kh6ng d6i. Dun nong hai
binh da' cac phan ihig trong chiing xay ra hoan toan, r6i dua hai binh v6 nhiet do
'2,9 = (400+18n).x
IS
(4 - 400x).100 ban ddu, nhan tha'y luc do ti s6' ap sua't khi trong hai binh la:
23 = - 1,9
8,7 Kim loai M la
Giai ra ta duoc: x = 0,005; n = 10 A. Al. B.Cu. C.Mg. D.Zn.
Vay mud'i ngam nuoc la Fe2(S04)3. IOH2O. Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cau 20: D6't chay hoan toan 4,4 gam mu6'i sunfua ciia kim loai M (c6ng thiic MS) Binh 1: 2M + nCl, ->2MC1„ , ;
trong oxi du. Chat rSn sau phan iJng dem hoa tan trong 1 luong viira dij dung dich a na/2 mol
H N O 3 37,8% tha'y n6ng do phSn tram cua mu6'i trong dung dich thu duoc la Goi a (mol) la s6' mol cua M tuong irng voi 2,4 (gam)
41,72%. Khi lam lanh dung djch nay thi thoat ra 8,08g mu6'i ran. Loc tach muoi
na
ran tha'y n6ng d6 phSn tram ciia mu6'i trong dung dich la 34,7%. => sau phan iJng trong binh (1) con 1- mol a.
C6ng thiic muoi ran thoat ra la
Binh 2: 4 M + n02 ->2M20„
A. CUSO4.5H2O. B. Fe2(S04)3.7H20
a na/4 mol
C. Fe(N03)3.9H20. D. Cu(N03)2.7H20
Hu&ng dan gidi
.(ISHH,)ft111 lorn. h»k
sau phan ung trong binh (2) con 1 - na mol O,
V\2 du ndn M c6 hoa trj cao nha't trong oxit.
C H U Y E N o f 3: KTTHUAT G I A I N H A N H CAC D/^NG
BAI T i » P Vl N H 6 M NITO . P H O T P H O
^.LITHUYET
n =2
Nghi^m phu hc>p: • M la kim loai Mg. * rf:M'> I . TJNH C H A T CUA NITO VA HOP C H A T CUA NITO
M = 24 r — I 77 \ r — i
Nito Amoniac Mu6'i amoni Mu6'i nitrat
Axit nitric
Dap an diing la C. ' i'' ûlX:iL,4 MK'< ; oui,:!^^-v N, NH3 NH; HNO3 NO3-
Cau 22: Mot khoang vSt X gdm 2 nguydn t6': A (kim loai) va B (phi kim).
C6ng
Khi d6't X dircrc chat ran Y (A.O,) va khf Z (BO,) trong do phSn tram kh6'i liigng thu-c
ciia A trong Y la 70% va cua B trong Z la 50%. ca'u
H- N - H
H-N-H
^6 O
H-O-N t
- Y tac dung vira du vod 1,8 (g) H j or nhifit do cao. •''^ s tao H 'O 0-N=0
H •
- Z tac dung vifa dij vori 117,6 (g) KiCrÔ, trong m6i trucmg H-,S04 du cho mu6i
Tinh - Khf. -Ran.
Cr^^ - Khf. -Long. -Ran.
chat - Khong mau. - Kh6ng mau. ^- Kh6ng
Khoi lucmg X da d6't la - Khong - Kh6ng mau.
vat Ii - Mui khai.
mau. - Di6n l i mau. - Didn li
A . 36 gam. B. 72 gam. C. 144 gam. D. 18 gam. - Tan nhiSu.
- Kh6ng mui manh. . i - Difn li manh.
f ! Hu&ng dan gidi - ft tan. - Deu tan. manh. - D6u tan.
A203(Y) - Tan v6 han
Sod6: A.B, Tinh - Tfnh bazo yfe'u: - Thuy phan:
- It hoat - La axit - Phan huy
B02(Z) chat - Tinh khir:
ddng hoa NH; +H,O manh bcri nhidt:
hoa 4NH3 + 5O2
2 A. 100 hoc or HN03-> - La chat oxi
%A = 7 0 = > A - 5 6 = > A = Fe hoc <=^NH3
2A + 16.3 didu kien hoa trong
+ H3O"
H^ + NO;
thuong. m6i truorng
B.lOO 4 N O + 6H2O - D l bj nhiet La cha't
%B = = 50=^B = 32=>B = S axit hoac khi
B+16.2 2NH3+3CUO phan huy ^ oxi hoa
dun nong.
—i-^3Cu
manh.
Y + H,: FeÔj + SH, t -> 2Fe + 3H,0 2KNO3 + s
+N,+3H,0| + 3 C ^ K,S
1 118 - Tao phiic -I-N2+3C6,
nFe203 = 3 n H 2 =5Y = 0-3(mol) Cu(OH)2 + 4 N H
=2.nFe203 = 0,3.2 = 0,6(mol) ^ [Cu(NH3)4]'^
+ 20H
,. , K , C r A + 350, +H2SO4 - K,S04 + Cr,(S04)3 + H2O Diû * NH4N0,
*NH;+OH- NH, + H^ *NaN03(r)+ Kim loai,
cha' .0
0,4 (mol) 1,2 (mol) H2S04,j) bazo,oxit
NH;
NHjt .0 bazo, mu6'i
" K 2 C , , O 7 = ^ = 0,4(mol) N,T +
2H,0 + H,0 khac +
*N2+3H, HNO3 + HNO3
=>ns = 1,2 (mol) = * Chung
<=i 2NH3 NaHSO.
cat phan
NH3-> NO
Vdri c6ng thiic Fe,Oy ta c6 ty 16 x : y = 0,6 : 1,2 hay 1: 2 doan khfing
khi long. NO,
=> X la FeS, (pirit sat). Kh6'i luomg X dem d6't la:
HNO,
"iFeS2 = (56-0,6) + (32.1,2) = 72(g). - Tao m6i| - San xua't - San xua't - San xua't - San xua't
truorng tra phan bon, phan bon. phan dam, phan dam,
Dap an diing la B. - San xua't H N O 3 thu6'c n6, ... thudc n6.
NHv
la thu&tm&i gidi nhatih BTHod hgc, tap 2-Cu Thanh Toan
III. T I N H C H A T C U A A X I T N I T R I C VA A X I T PHOTPHORIC
II. T I N H C H A T CLIA DON C H A T N I T O VA P H O T P H O
• Axit nitric Axit photphoric
Nitof Photpho
H - 0 \
- P trSng C O (:a'u true tinh th^
phan t u P4 V .-•'Hit H - o - Ntr H-O -/ P = 0
ca'u tao
H-O ^
Ca'u tao phan
S6' oxi hoa ciia N : + 5 So o x i hoa ciia P: +5
, ' , >, , f
"frnfTcha't vat Chat long khdng mau, b6c khoi Tinh the khong mau, d l chay
If manh va tan v6 han trong nude rife va t a n v6 han trong nude.
- P do CO ca'u true polime ciia P A x i t manh c6 d^y dii tinh chat A x i t trung binh, ba na'c c6
* 1 > trang(P4)„ :. chung cua axit, chat oxi hoa tfnh chat chung ciia axit.
manh: - Tac dung v6i oxit bazo,
- i f f Tfnh chat hoa
- Tac dung vdd hdu hd't kirn loai. baza manh tao ba loai mu6'i
hoc
- Tac dung voi m6t s6 phi k i m tiiy thu6c vao t i 16 mol cac
] '1 ' *
- Tac dung v6i nhieu h o p chat c6 cha't phan umg.
U
1!
tfnh khir. - Kh6ng CO tfnh oxi hoa
- N a N O , (ran) + H:S04 (dac) - P + 5HN03->

Do am didn 3,04 2,19
-> NaHS04 + HNO3 H3PO4 + SNO. + H2O
So oxi hoa -3, 0,+l,+2,+3,+4,+5 - 3 , 0, +3, +5 - C a 3 ( P 0 4 ) , + 3H,S04->

. NH, , NO )
Dieu che 2H3P04 + 3CaS04|
> p , p : tinh khir. NO. -1^2l!l2CL^HN03
1 > N : ti'nh khu. +Cl2(Br2) . P _ J : 2 2 _ ^ p,03
po •;!;:• +"2° >H3P04
Tinh chat -3 -3 •
hoa hoc •""2 > N . tinh oxi hoa. > P:tinhoxihoa IV. T I N H C H A T C U A M U O I N I T R A T V A M U O I P H O T P H A T
Muoi nitrat Muoi photphat
Cac muoi nitrat d6u tan, dien l i manh, Mu6'i CLia k i m loai ki6m,
CajCPOJ. + SSiO, + 5C
Tfnh cha't kern ben nhiet. amoni va dihidrophat
- NH4NO2 — ^ N. + 2 H , 0
> 3CaSi03 + 2P vat If tan. Cac muoi photphat
- Chung cat phan doan khdng
Dieu che noi chung ben nhiet.
khilong. .V.v, +5C0
Phan huy nhiet: - Co tfnh chat chung ciia
mu6'i.
-^^M(NO,)„ + ^02 - K h o bi nhiet phan.
I'tV . •
Tfnh cha't
M(NO,)„ (2) > M A + 2 n N 0 . + -O2
hoa hoc
I:
M + nNO, + ^ 0 2
199
Cty TNHHMTVDWH Khang Vic!
M(l):K-^Ca ^ A x i t nitric la m6t trong nhutig axit c6 tinh oxi hoa manh.
M (2): M g -> Cu
M (3): Sau Cu * Tuy thudc vao ndng d6 cua axit, ban chat cua chat k h u va nhiat d6 ma N trong
Chat oxi hoa trong m6i trucmg axit hoac HNO3 CO t h ^ bi khir de'n m6t s6' san p h i m ma nito c6 s6' oxi hoa th^p hon nhu
dun nong.
NO, N 2 O , N2, NH3(NH4N03).... .,40!,, ^.^
Nhan Dung Cu + H2SO4 loang -)• khi hoa nau. Dung dich A g N O ,
* Tac dung vdi k i m loai:
bid't -> ivang
3Cu + 8H* + 2NO3 ^ 3Cu-* +
+ Trong dung dich HNO3, ion N O J c6 kha nSng oxi hoa manh hon ion H\n
, ,^ 2NOT + 4H2O 3Ag*+PO^-
HNO3 oxi hoa duoc hdu het cac k i m loai (trir A u , Pt).
2N0 + 0 . -> 2NO2 AgjPOa
+ Phan iJng giGa k i m loai va axit nitric khong bao gicr giai phong Hj.
nau do Vang
+ Tuy thudc vao n6ng d6 axit, tfnh khir ciia k i m loai ma c6 th^ tao ra cac san
V. A X I T NITRIC H N O , * p h i m khir la NO,, NO, NÔ, N, hoac NH4NO3.

1. Cau tao phan t u K i m loai ya'u (Cu, Ag) + H N O j d a c > san phim khijf NO2 (mû n&u):
H N O 3 la oxiaxit H O N O , :
A g + 2HNO3 > AgNO, + N O , + H^Q
K i m loai ya'u (Cu, Ag) + H N O , loang > san ph^m khir NO:
3Cu + 8HNO3,1) > 3Cu(N03), + 2 N 0 + 4 H , 0

Trong hop chat HNO3, nguyan t6' nito c6 s6' oxi hoa cao nha't la +5, c6 c6ng hoa
K i m loai manh + H N O 3 loang > san p h i m khir N.O, N,, NH4NO3:
tri bang 4.
2. Tinh chat vat li * 4 Z n + 1OHNO3,,) > 4 Z n ( N 0 3 ) , + NH4NO3 + 3 H , 0 +.
- La chat long, khdng mau, tan trong nu6c theo bat k i t i la nao (thucmg tha'y loai + K i m loai c6 nhiau hoa tri (Fe, Cr, ...) tac dung voi axit H N 0 3 t a o r a mu6'i nitrat,
dac nha't c6 n6ng do 68%), b6'c khoi trong kh6ng khi im (do HNO3 bay hoi ket trong do k i m loai c6 s6' oxi hoa cao nha't thucmg gap:
hop vdi hoi nuf6c tao thanh cac hat sa mu gi6'ng nhu khoi). Fe + 4 H N O 3 (I) > Fe(N03)3 + N O + 2 H , 0
- A x i t nitric di lau thudng c6 mau vang la do H N O , kern b^n, ngay d diau kien + Cac k i m loai nhir A l , Cr, Fe b| thu dpng hoa trong axit H N O 3 dac, ngu6i vi tao
thuomg khi c6 anh sang bi phan huy: nan tren be mat cac k i m loai nay m6t lofp mang oxit b^n, bao ve cho k i m loai
4HNO3 > 4 N 0 : + O, + 2aO ' khong tac dung vdi axit H N O 3 va nhOtig axit khac ma trudc do chiing tac dung
da dang.
K h i NO2 (mau nau do) tan trong dung dich axit, lam cho dung dich axit c6
mau vang. * A x i t HNO3 tac dung diroc vdi nhiû phi k i m va hcKp cha't:
3. Tinh chat hoa hoc S + H N O 3 ,a,,, > H,S04 + 6 N 0 , + 2H2O

a. A x i t nitric H N O 3 c6 dSy dii nhOng tinh chat ciia axit manh:
3H,S + 2HNO3 ,„ > 2S + 2 N 0 + 4H3O
, . HNO3,ad, > + NO3 ^ ^, .^^^^,
3 F e O + IOHNO3,„ > 3Fe(N03)3 + N O + S f t O t-
i 6HN03 + F e A > 2Fe(N03)3 + 3 H P , f
3 F e ( 0 H ) , + 1OHNO3 > 3Fe(N03)3 + N O + SHÔ
' 3HN03 + Fe(OH)3 > Fe(N03), + 3 H , 0 i Vfrf)-^ 4- Bieuche ; • ,V„T:V, . ...
; 2HN03 + CaC03 )• Ca(N03)2 + CO, + HÔ ^'^ ' : \ ^- Trong phong thf nghiam. „ '
NaNOj,,, + H,S04(,) — ^ H N O j t + NaHS04

Phuong phap nay chi duoc dung de' diû che m6t lirong nho axit H N O 3 hoc
khoi.
rvj inuui mm gtat nnann Di noa ngc, lap z - L U i nann i oan
yl PHAN DAM: D A M AMONI, DAM NITRAT V AD A M U R E
b. Trong cong nghiep.
Axit HNO, duoc san xua't tir NH,: Phan dam amoni Phan dam nitrat Phan dam ure
Cac muoi amoni: Cac muoi nitrat: (NH2)2CO: 46%N.
NH3 ^"2 > NO > NO, " " 2 " > HNO3.
(NH4)2S04:21%N NaN03: 16%N;
Qua trinh san xua't g6m 3 giai doan: Thanh (Dam mot la). Ca(N03),: 17%N.
Oxi hoa khi NH3 blng oxi kh6ng khi: phan NH4NO3: 35%N
Pt(xl) (Dam hai la).
4NH3 + 5 0 , 4NO + 6H,0
850°C-900°C
D l tan va tac dung
Oxi hoa NO thanh NO,:
voi nu6c:
Ti'nh tan D6 tan trong nir6c D l tan trong nu6c
2NO + O, -> 2NO, (NH2),CO + 2 H , 0
- Chuy^n hoa NO, thanh H N O 3 : ^ (NH4)2C03
4 N O 2 + O: + 2H2O > 4 H N O 3 (52% - 6 8 % ) . - • . Cho NH3 tac dung Cho axit nitric tac Cho khi CO, tac dung
voi axit tuong ling: dung vdri mu6'i voi NH3 6 ap sua't
5. Motsochiiy • .,„.,,; ,.,„,,;,.• „ - . i ' M - V . .::'.„• i.,.
2NH3+H3SO4 cacbonat tuotng ung: cao, nhidt d6 cao:
- Trong thirc te' nong d6 ciia H N O 3 thay d6i trong qua trinh xay ra phan iJng n€n
Dieu che NH4),S04 CaC03 + 2HNO3 CO,+2NH3
khi cho m6t kim loai tac dung v6\t H N O 3 dac c6 the tao ra nhidu san ph&m
khir khac nhau. -> Ca(N03), 180atm,200''c ^
- Nirdc ciromg thuy (con goi la nud«c cucmg toan) la dung dich chura h6n hop HNO3 + CO,t +H2O (NH2)2CO + H , 0
va HCl theo ti le 1 : 3 so mol. Nude cuong thiiy hoa tan duoc Au, Pt (khong
hoa tan dugc kim loai Ag vi tao ra ket tua AgCl can tro phan ung): VII. PHAN L A N : SUPEPHOTPHAT DON, SUPEPHOTPHAT K E F
Au + H N O 3 + 3HC1 > AUCI3 + 4 N O + 2H,0 VA PHAN L A N NUNC CHAV ,„„' ,„ . . ^ . . i ;
Pt + 4HN03+ 12HC1 ^ PtCU + 4N0 + 8H,0 '4
Supephotphat Supephotphat Phan Ian
Ag + H N O 3 + 3HC1 - 3AgCl i + NO + 2H,0 don kep nung chay
Khi hoa tan H N O 3 dac vao axit HCl dac, H,S04 dac: H6n hop Ca(H2P04), va Ca(H,P04),. H6n hofp
HNO3 + 3HC1 ^ 2C1 + NOCl + 2 H 3 O Thanh CaS04. photphat va
phdn silicat ciia canxi
HNO3,,, + H,so4,,, ^ NO^ + HSO4 + ao va magie.
Axit H N O 3 oxi hoa cac hop chat sat (II) thanh hop chat (Fe(N03)3): Do dinh 1 4 - 2 0 % P2O5 40 - 50% P,05 1 2 - 14%P205
+2 „„.„,., duong
+HNO-,
Fe (FeO, FeCl,, FeS04, FeC03, Fe304, Fe(0H)2) > Fe(N03)3 ciia phan
Con cac hop cha't sat (III) nhir oxit (FeÔj), hidroxit (Fe(OH)3) tac dung voi axit Ti'nh tan Chiia CaS04 khong tan. Tan. Kh6ng tan.
H N O 3 theo kieu axit - baza: , . . , ,, . >. Cho quang apatit Xay ra 2 giai doan: Nung h6n hap
(photphorit) tac dung Diû che H3PO4: apatit
F e A + 6HNO3 > 2Fe(N03)3 + SH,© .,,OVm' O^m
vdi H,S04 dac: Ca3(P04)2+3H,S04 (photphorit), da
Fe(OH)3 + 3 H N O 3 > Fe(N03)3 + 3 H : 0 >, ,. >, ^ xa van, than c6c
Ca3(Pb4), + 2H,S04 -> 2H3P04 + 3CaS04i
a 1000°C.
Diû che Ca(H,P04)3 + CaS04i Diau cheCa(H2P04),:
hoac: •<\"h.
3Ca3(P04)2. Cak+
3Ca3(P04)2.CaF, + 7H2SO4 I4H3PO4 - >
-> 7CaS04 i + 10Ca(H,PO4)2 + 2HFt
3Ca(H,P04), + 2HF
133
V I I I . P H A N K A L I ; P H A N H 6 N H O P , P H A N PHCTC H O P
g) Tdc dung vdi do
VA PHAN VI L U O N G C\o oxi hoa manh amoniac tao ra nito va hidro clorua:
Ph^n hdn hop va phan 2NH3 + 3CI2 > N2 + 6HC1 '' \
Phan kali Phan vl luong
phurc hop
Ddng thdi N H , ke't hop ngay vdi H Q tao thanh "khdi" trSng NH4a.
- Cung ca'p nguyen t6' K - Cung ca'p d6ng thoi m6t - Cung ca'p m6t s6' P Dieu c he trong phdng thi nghiem «^
dang ion K* cho c^y tr6ng. s6' nguyfin td dinh dudng nguydn t6' nhu B, Zn,
- Giiip cay trdng ha'p thu cho cay tr6ng. Mn... cho cay tr6ng. 2NH4CI + Ca(OH)2 — ^ CaCl2 + 2NH3 T + 2H2O
nhiû dam, tao chat ducmg, - Phan h6n hop: Phan - Co tac dung kich lam khd khi, ngudi ta cho khi amoniac vira tao thanh cd iSn hoi nude di qua
xo, chd'ng benh, chju ret, NPK chiia N, P, K. Vi du: thich qua trinh sinh binh dung v6i sdng (CaO). ^tX?^.,\
han. Phan Nitrophotka la h6n trircmg v^ trao ddi g) Diiu che trong cdng nghiep
- D6 dinh duong cua phan hop (NH4),HP04 va chat.
duoc danh gia theo % khtfi KNO3. - Duoc dua vao ciing N2(k) + 3H2(k) < > 2NH3(k) AH<0
liromg K 2 O tirong ling vori - Phan phiic hop: vdi phan vd co vk hihi •(•••*
luong K CO trong phan. Amophot la hdn hop cac CO. Phuong phap giai:
- Thu6ng dung mu6'i: K Q , mudi NH4H2PO4 va Bai tap ve chat khi: l i k ...iii
K2SO,, K2CO3,... (NH4),HP04 Trong dieu kien the tich hinh va nhiet dd khdng dSi ma sd'mol khi thay dSi thi
dp suat ty le thugn vdi the tich khi.
B. C A C DANG BAI TAP TRONG T H I T U Y ^ N SINH DH-CD
T,V = const nen ^ = — ,,, ...-st'ttlJ] *0v •
P.s
Dang 1: Bdi tap ve amoniac va phan ting tong hap amoniac
] ^ n , _ m, / M t _ m, = M s _ ^tA/H2-^
1. L I thuyet van dung va phuong phap giai: ^n^ m,/Ms m,.Mt m,.d,/H2-2
I " . --
a) Tdc dung vdi nude
S/H2
Vi m, -m^ (hdo todn khd'i lucfng) nen:
" N H 3 + H2O N H ; + OH-
Trong dung dich, amoniac la bazo yfi'u. Co the' dung gia'y quy tim ^m de' nhan
Trong do: n„ n, Idn h(cn Id sd'mol hdn hop khi trudc vd sau phan iJCng.
bie't khi amoniac, quy tim se chuye'n thanh mau xanh.
d„ d, Idn luat Id ti khd'i hdn hap khi sau vd trUdc phan Ceng.
b) Tdc dung vdi dung dich muoi
Van dung nguyen If chuyen djch can bang:
Thi du: AICI3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O > A1(0H)3 i + 3NH4CI De phan i(ng tong hop amoniac chuyen dich theo chieu thugn can thUc hien cdc
hien phap sau: • i^:'^ *' "•• '
Al^^ + 3NH3 + 3H2O > Al(OH)3 ^ + 3 N H ;
+ Tang nong do N2 hogc i<. > "
c) Tdc dung vdi axit
+ Gidm ndng do NH, (lien tuc lay amoniac ra khdi he)
Thidu: NH3 + HCl > NH4CI amoni clorua + Tang dp suat cua he (vi phan iirng Idm gidm so phan tu khi)
+ Gidm nhiet do cua he (vi phan irng tod nhiet)
2NH3 + H2SO4 > (NH4)2S04 amoni sunfat.
Cong thurc giai nhanh de tinh hieu suat phan limg tong hop NH3 (ti le mol
d) Tdc dung vdi oxi
Amoniac chay trong oxi cho ngon lijfa mau vang, tao ra khi nito va hoi nude:
4NH3 + 3O2 — ^ 2N2 + 6H2O „,
134
2. Cac thi du minh hoa: du 3: Dua m6t h6n hop khi N , va H , c6 ty 16 1: 3 vao thap t6ng hop, sau
Thi du I: Hoa tan m6t khi X vao nuoc, thu diroc dung djch Y. Cho tir tir dung phan ling tha'y the tich khf di ra giam 1/10 so vdi ban &§M. Tinh thanh phSn
dich Y den dir vao dung djch ZnS04, ban dSu tha'y c6 ket tua trdng, sau do tan ph^n tram ve ihi tich cua h6n hop khi sau phan ling.
ra. Khi X m A. 20%, 60%, 20% ,r B. 22,22%, 66,67%, 11,11%
A. NO, B. HCl e. SO, D. NHj C. 30%, 60%, 10% D. 33,33%, 50%, 16,67%
(Trich de thi tuyen sink Dai hoc nam 2013 -Khd'i B) (Trich de thi du bi dai hoc)

Khi X phai la N H , PTHH: N2 + 3H2 <^ 2NH3
NH3(,) ^ ^ N H 3 ^ ^ l ^ Z n ( O H ) , i - ^ ^ Z n ( N H 3 ) , (OH)^ Ban dû: x 3x 1., ^, i;;, ,'; ;,j
Phan ufng: a -> 3a 2a

PTHH: 2NH, + IW.O + ZnS04 -> ZnCOH),^ + (NFl4)2S04
Gonial: (x - a) 3(x - a) 2a
Zn(OH)2 + 4 N H 3 [ Z n ( N H 3 ) 4 ] ( O H ) 2 (dd)
(x-a) + 3 { x - a ) + 2a lO-l 9 '
Ddp an dung la D. Theobaira: c .. (• • .
Thidu 2: H6n hop khi X g6m N , va H , c6 ti khd'i so vdi He bang 1,8. Dun nong x + 3x 10 10
=> 1 0 . ( 4 x - 2 a ) = 9.4x = > 4 0 x - 2 0 a = 36x .
X m6t thoi gian trong binh kin (c6 bot Fe lam xuc tac), thu duoc h6n hop khi
Y CO ti khoi so \6\e bang 2. Hi6u sua't cua phan uTig t6ng hop NH, la => 4x = 20a = > x = 5a V r .
A. 50% B. 25% C. 36% D. 40%

Vay : : VNH3 = "N2 • " H J • "NHJ
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
= ( x - a ) : 3 ( x - a ) : 2 a = 4a:12a:2a ^-U*''
Hu&ng ddn giai
= 2 : 6 : 1 = 22,22%:66,67%:11,11%
Goi X, y lan luot la s6' mol khi N,, H , trong h6n hop X .
Dap an dung la B. ' ' • ••Wrv.' 1 H M J 4 | . ^'
Taco: ^ ^ ^ = 1,8.4
x+y :.....:,i;;Mi.,v ,,m Thi du 4: Cho can bang hoa hoc: N,^) + 3H2(k) 2NH3,k), phan iJng thuan la
28x + 2y = 7,2x + 7,2y =:> 20,8x = 5,2y => 4x = y phan urng toa nhiet. Can bang hoa hoc khong bi chuyd'n djch khi
A. thay ddi ap sua't cua hd. B. thay d6i ndng do N,. .
PTPlT: N2 + 3H2 < >2NH3 C. them chat xuc tac Fe. D. thay d6i nhidt d6.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B)
Ban ddu: x 4x ^
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Phan ij-ng: a -> 3a 2a ivJu^ a^V;"
can bang: (x - a) (4x - 3a) 2a PTHH: Njik) + 3H,(k, 2NH3,t„ AH < 0
T6ng s6' mol khi trudrc phan ihig: x + 4x = 5x (mol) Chat xuc tac khong lam chuyen dich can bang hoa hoc n6n can bang tren khong
T6ng so mol khf sau phan ling: 5x - 2a (mol) bi chuyen dich khi them chat xiic tac Fe.
J C O __Dapan diing la C. ;<
, Taco: • ^ = - ^ = > ^ = — =0 9x = lOx - 4a => x = 4a
^hidu 5: Mot binh phan ling c6 dung ti'ch khdng d6i, chiia h6n hop khi N2 va H ,
n, d, 5x-2a 1,8
v6i nong do tirong iimg la 0,3M va 0,7M. Sau khi phan ihig t6ng hop NH3 dat
Hleu sua't phan ling t<5ng hop NHv H = 100% = — . 100% = 25% trang thai can bang a t °C, H . chiem 50% the tich h6n hop thu diroc. Hang so
X 4a can bang Kc o t °C ciia phan ling c6 gia tri la
Dap an dung la B. j- < A. 2,500. B. 0,609. C. 0,500. D. 3,125.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - khoi A)
1 1£. 137
Huong ddn gidi -jjifdu 7: Cho 0,448 1ft khi N H , (dktc) di qua 6'ng sir dimg 16 gam CuO nung
Phuong tnnh t6ng hop NH,: \ nong, thu diroc chat r l n X (gia sir phan ling xay ra hoan toan). Phan tram kh6'i
lucmg cua Cu trong X la
A. 12,37% B. 14,12% C. 85,88% D. 87,63%
can bang: (0,3 - x) (0,7 - 3x) 2x
- "•• {Trich de thi tuyen sink Dai hoc khoi A)
Theo bai ra: ,S.U p/., = 50%V,, ' ' * ^'
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Vi ti \t Ihi tich cung la ti la s6' mol n^n: Theobaira: n^Hj =0,02 (mol); ncô =0-2 (mol)
pXPlT: 2NH3+3CUO >3Cu + N2+3H20 « .

=i> 0,7 - 3x = i .(0,3 - X + 0,7 - 3x + 2x) ' , y/- • ; -^^'^ Bandû: 0,02 0,2 t yiu .V .
Phan ling: 0,02 0,03 ^ 0,03 '^fi ^^^vb ytm '\}>i\
=> 0,7 - 3x = - .(1 - 2x) ' ' '' • i;!:;'''^ ' -n,! > C6n: 0 0,17 0,03 •^-urK^^
0,03.64.100% ,^
1,4 - 6x = 1 - 2x : - - -• - •• :!a.is:.<> <- Vav %mr„/Y = — = 12,37%
^ 4x =0,4 o x = 0,1 I^'^^m,^ vay cu/x 0,03.64 + 0,17.80
Dap an diing la A. ^ ^
Vay a trang thai can bang c6:
Thid^ 8: Oio luong khf NH3 du lin lirot qua cac binh chiia cac cha't sau: binT
[Nj] = 0,3 - X = 0,3 - 0,1 = 0,2M
(1) chua CrO, nung nong; binh (2) chiia AgCI va H , 0 ; binh (3) chiia khi ;
[H,] = 0,7 - 3x = 0,7 - 0,3 = 0,4M , binh (4 chua Fe(OH),; binh (5) chiia dung djch A I C I 3 . 86' binh c6 phan ih^g
[NH3] = 2x = 2 . 0 , l =0,2M { xay ra la f e
C.4 D. 1
[NiJ.LHjl' 0,2.(0,4)' Hu&ng ddn giai
Dap an diing la D. PTPl/xayra: " ::':>':•./., • .f„(
Thi du 6: Cho phuong trinh hoa hoc cua phan ung tdng hop amoniac (1) 2NH3 + 2Cr03 ^ C r A + N , + 3H,0
(2) 2NH3 + AgCl > [Ag(NH3),]a
N.(k) + 3H,(k) < > 2NH3(k)
xt (3) 2NH3 + 3a, > N , + 6HC1
Khi tang nong d6 ciia hidro I6n 2 l^n, t6c d6 phan ling thuSn (4) 3NH3 + 3H,0 + A l Q j > A1(0H)3 i + 3NH4CI '»i *
A. tang len 8 lin. B. tang len 6 ISn. • • 1- -
£>ap an diing m C. ^''-f!"-' v^r:;.;',, •
C. tang lan 2 l^n. D. giam di 2 Idn.
hidu 9: Cho a mol N , va a mol H , vao binh ki'n c6 sSn chat xuc tac, sau khi
(Trich De thi tuyen sink Cao dang khoi
nung nong binh m6t thcri gian, rdi dua v^ nhiet d6 ban Aiu tha'y ap suat trong
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dinh giam 10% so vol ap sua't tru6c phan ling. Hidu sua't tdng hop NH3 la
Biiu thiic t6'c d6 phan ling: B.20% , C.40% . D30%
t",p Hu&ng ddn gidi
N,(k) + 3H,(k) < > 2NH3(k) «
xt
dang: V = [N,] [H,]' PTHH: N2 + < ' ' " ' > 2NH3
Khi n6ng d6 tang len 2 Mn thi: v ' = [N,] (2[H2]y = 8v
vay t6c d6 phan ling thuan tang 8 Idn. i .tK!'?,£ l- ^han ling: x-> 3x - > 2x .
Dap an diing la A. Con: ( a - x ) (a - 3x) 2x (mol)
1^8 139
Pt n, a+a 100
Ps n, i - x + a - 3 x + 2x 100-10 T6ng s6' mol khi trudc phan ung: x + 1,5x = 2,5x mol
T6ng s6' mol khi sau phan ung: (2,5x - 2a) mol
. = — :^18a = 20a-20x i k - i 2,5x ^ 6.74 - .:,:i*v.iv:^:-
2a - 2x 9
2a = 20x =>a = 10x 'T^''^' " ^ " d , ^ 2 , 5 x - 2 a ~ 6,2 , ^
3x.lOO% 3x.lOO% ->l5,5x = 16,85x-13,48a

Vay H% = -30%
a iOx ^,,35x = .3.48a^^ = i | = 0,l
Dap an diing la D.
Thi du 10: Dam ure dugc dilu che bang each cho amoniac tac dung vdi CO-, o • yay hieu sua't tdng hop NH,:
nhiet do 180° - 200"C, dudi ap suat khoang 200 atm. Di thu diroc 6 kg datti H% = ^ ^ d ^ . 2.0,1.100% = 20%
ure thi the tich amoniac (dktc) da diing (gia sir hieu sua't dat 80%) la l,5x
A. 3584 lit B. 5600 lit C. 4480 lit D. 2800 lit ap an diing la C . '-..i'^^fA • • ' ':f^ AWl^XiiwtiV'v^C'ib ^ '
Hu&ngddngidi ChU y: Tinh theo H T de phan ting c6 hi6u sua't cao hon. r*
Phirong trinh hoa hoc dieu che ure: Cau 2: Co 5 dung dich rieng biet trong 5 6'ng nghiem: AgNO,, C U S O 4 , NiS04,
A I C I 3 , Cr2(S04),. Cho dung djch N H , den du vao 5 (iung dich trdn. Sau khi phan
CO2+2NH3 - ^ ( N H 2 ) 2 C O + H 2 0
ling ket thiic, so 6'ng nghiem c6 ket tiia la
44,8(l)-> 0,06(kg) A. 2 B. 1 C. 4 ,. , D. 3
V ^ 6(kg) Hu&ngddngidi
£1 iv'
PTPlT xay ra:
6.44,8.100
r V i H = 80% nen V = = 5600(1)
0,06.80 ^ % AgN03+3NH3 + H20- {Ag(NH3)j0H4-NH4N03.^,^,j,^,,^^^
Dap an diing la B. CUSO4 + 6 N H 3 +2H2O- ^[Cu(NH3)^l(OH)^+(NH4)^S04 •
3, Cac bai tap tu luyen: ^
NiS04+8NH3 + 2H20- >[Ni(NH3)J(OH)2+(NH4)^S04
Cau 1: Mot h6n hop X g6m N , va H,, c6 ti kh6'i so vdi H , bang 6,2 duoc din v'o
m6t binh kin c6 xiic tac thich hop. Khi phan umg dat dd'n trang thai can bang thu AICI3 + 3 N H 3 + 3 H 2 O - Âl{OH), 4+3NH4CI
duoc h6n hop khi Y, c6 ti khoi so \6\, la 6,74. Hieu sua't t6ng hop NH3 la
Cr2(S04), +6NH3 +6H2O >2Cr(OH), i+3(NH4)2S04 '
A. 40% B. 25% C. 20% D. 10%
Hu&ngddngidi Co 2 ong nghidm c6 kd't tua: Al(OH)3, Cr(0H)3
i ' Goi X, y Idn luot la so mol N-, va H-, trong h6n hop X. Theo bai ra, ta c6: Dap an diing la A.
•| • a i : . • •' • C4u 3: Cho dung dich NaOH dir vao dung dich chiJa A l Q j , CuQ,, FeQj, NiQ,, NaQ
t 28x^^^^2.2
r6i them dung dich NH, du vao thi thu duoc ket tiia g6m ^
I S;.;;. , X+ y
A. Fe(OH)„ Cu(OH), B. Fe(OH), '
=i.28x + 2y = 12,4x + l2,4y ^|
C Fe(0H)3, Al(OH)3 • *' ' D. Fe(0H)3, NiCOH).
=^15,6x = 10,4y =>3x = 2 y = > y = l,5x Hu&ngddngidi .>;.|';:":'""-/'••'•.•'
PTPlT: N2 3H2 ?=> 2NH3 do phan ling: J ' v ,
l,5x 0 +NaOH
Ban ddu: x 'Al(OH)^ • NaAl(OH)
-3NaCI '4
Phan ling: a 3a 2a
+2Na()H
->Cu(OH)î ^''"3 )[Cu(NH3)J(OH)
can bang: (x - a) (l,5x-3a) 2a -2NaCI
i4n
4x = 6,4x - 3,2a => 2,4x = 3,2a
+3NaOH
FeCl ^ ->Fe(OH)3i )Fe(OH3)i
-3NaCI
a _ 2 ^ = 0,75
NiCl, _ - i ? i ^ ^ ^ N i ( O H ) 2 i ^^"3 >[Ni(NH3)6](OH)2 X 3,2
2 -2NaCl
NaCl >NaCl ^'^"•^ >NaCl av H % =

"a '^"^^ = 0,75.100% = 7 5 % ' ' '• ^
Sau phan ihig chi thu dirpc FeCOH),^. £)ap an diing la A. >::ii dv^': M?' - v
Dap an diing la B. Cau 6: Cho 0,448 lit khi N H , (dktc) di qua 6'ng sir dung 16 gam CuO nung nong,
c a u 4: Cho day chat: CuCOH),; NiCOH),; FeCOH),; A g j O ; ZnO. S6' chat trong day sau khi phan utig xay ra hoan toan thu dugc chat rSn X . Cho X vao dung dich
tan dirge trong dung dich N H j la HNO, dac, nong (du) thu dugc V lit k h i (dktc). Gia trj cua V la
A. 2 B.4 C.5 f,/;;-.- D. 3 A. 8,960 B. 0,448 C. 0,672 D . 1,344
, , , Hudngddngidi Hu&ng ddn gidi :
Cac cha't tan dugc trong N H j la: i
Theobai ra: n ^ H , = = 0,02 ( m o l ) ; ncô = ^ = 0 , 2 ( m o l ) ,
-|2+
C u ( O H ) ^ + 4NH3 -> [ C u ( N H 3 ) + 20H-
,0
n2+
Ni(OH) +6NH3 - > r N i ( N H 3 ) g + 20H" 2NH3 + 3GuO—^—>3Gu + N2 + 3H2O ' SfsiJ nMiiq OH :
0 , 0 2 - * 0,03 - ) . 0,03 ( m o l ) inî^.ti

A g 2 0 + 4NH3 + H2O -> 2 r A g { N H 3 ) + 20H"
Ch^t ran X g6m 0,03 mol Cu (0,17 mol CuO)
n2+ Cu + 4 H N O 3 ^ Cu(N03) + 2NO2 + 2H2O
ZnO + 4 N H 3 + H2O ^ I Z n (NH3 )^ + 20H'
0,03 ^ 0,06(mol) ,
Dap an dung la B.
Vay: V = 0,06.22,4 = 1,344(1) ' f A''
Cau 5: X la h6n hop N , va H,, c6 t i khd'i so vdi H , la 4,25. Nung nong X ni6t thoi
gian trong blnh kin c6 chat xiic tac thich hop, thu dugc h6n hgp k h i c6 t i kh6'i so Dap an diing la D.
vdd HT bang 6,8. Hidu sua't cua phan umg tao thanh amoniac la Cku 7: Phan ling tong hgp amoniac la phan ling thuan nghjch :
A. 7 5 % . B. 5 0 % . C.40% D. 2 5 % . N3(k) + 3H:(k) ^ 2NH3(k) A H = - 9 2 kJ
Hu&ng ddn gidi Can bang ciia phan litig nay chuyen dich nhu thd' nao khi bien doi mot trong cac
Ban ddu: n^^^ - ^ (moO;nH2 ~ ^ (mol). dieu kien sau day? Giai thich.
„ , 28x + 2y . . . . 1- Tang ap sua't chung bang each nen cho the tich ciia he giam xu6'ng
Taco: =^-4,25.2 = 8,5 2. Giam nhiet do.
x+y
3. Them k h i n i t o .
=> 28x + 2y = 8,5x + 8,5y 19,5x = 6,5y => 3x = y 4. Diing chat xiic tac thich hgp.
Suy ra: nf^^ • "H2 = x : y = 1:3 (diing theo t i 16 trong PTPU') Hu&ng ddn gidi
PTHH: N3 (k) + 3H,(k) ^ 2NH,(k) A H = - 9 2 k J
FTHH: N2 + 3H2 ^ 2NH3
'• Khi tang ap sua't chung, can bang chuyd'n dich theo chieu tir trai sang phai (la
BandSu: x v3x 0^ X'^'*'^ chidu tao ra s6' mol k h i it horn - chiû chong lai viec tang ap sua't)
Phan urng: a 3a -> 2a •• Khi giam nhiet d6, can bang chuye'n dich theo chieu tiT trai sang phai la chiû
^ cua phan li^g toa nhiet.
Gonial: x - a 3x-3a 2a ^ = 4x-2a "
• Khi them k h i nito, k h i nay se phan ling vdi hidro tao ra amioniac, do do can
Ta c6: 4x 6,8 = 1,6 bSng chuye'n dich tir trai sang phai.
4x-2a 4,25
4. Khi C O mat chat xiic tac, t6c d 6 cua phan iJng thuan t6c d 6 cua phan ling CaU Muon cho can bang cua phan umg t^ng hop amoniac chuye'n dich sang
nghich tang 16n vdi miic d 6 nhir nhau, nen can bSng kh6ng hi chuyln dich. Chat phai, can phai dong then:
xuc tac lam cho can bang nhanh chong diroc thiet lap. ^ . Tang ap sua't va tang nhiet d 6 B. Giam ap sua't va giam nhiet d 6
Cau 8: Cho lirong khi amoniac di tiJr tir qua 6'ng siir chiia 3,20 g CuO nung nong den C. Tang ap sua't va giam nhiet do D. Giam ap sua't va tang nhiet do.
khi phan umg xay ra hoan toan, thu diroc chat rSn A va mot h6n hop khi. Chat Hu&ng ddn gidi
ran A phan ling vira du vdri 20,0 ml dung dich HCl 1,OOM. PTHH: N 2 ( k ) + 3 H 2 ( k ) 2NH3(k), AH<0 .
1. Vid't phirong trinh hoa hoc cua cac phan utig »
phan I'mg thuan (tao ra khi N H j ) :
2. Tinh the tfch khi nita (o dktc) duoc tao thanh sau phan ung
+ Lam giam so phan tir khi =c> cfin tang ap sua't. * V
Hu&ng dan gidi
+ Toa nhiet => C^n ha nhiet d6. <; ;^
1. Phuong trinh hoa hoc cua cac phan u'ng: .••y=i'¥.w .
Dap an dung la C. ^s;^'Vri» • . > 6 ' ; : r " ' . . - : ' ; ^
2NHi + 3CuO —!—> N , + 3Cu + 3H,0 (1) Cau 11: Cho dung dich NaOH du vao 150,0 ml dung djch (NH4)3S04 1,000M, dun
Chat ran A thu diroc sau phan I'rng gOm Cu va CuO con dir. Chi c6 CuO phan nong nhe.
umg vdi dung dich HCl: a) Viet phirong trinh hoa hoc 6 dang phan t i va dang ion rut gon.
CuO +. 2HC1 -> CuCl. + H,0 (2) b) Tinh the tfch khf (dktc) thu duoc. V. . i,>iMHi'. ' ; :
2. So mol HCl phan ling vcfi CuO: HHCI = 0,02.1 = 0,02 (mol). 'i^ v , Hu&ng ddn gidi ; ,, ,» .r
1 0 02 Theo bai ra: SO4 = 0,15 . 1 - 0,15(mol)
Theo (2), s6' mol CuO du: HCUQ = - so mol HCl = = 0,01 (mol)
a) Phuong trinh hoa hoc: , '
'• ,1 £t},',f njft;: X ru'.
3 20
=> S6' mol CuO tham gia phan ling (1) = 0,01 = 0,03 (mol) (NH4)2S04 + 2NaOH 2NH3 T + Na2S04 + 2H2O
80,0
' • 1 ' NH^ + OH" N H j t + HjO ' 'f''7,
Theo (1), s6' mol N,= - s6' mol CuO = - .0,03 = 0,01 (mol).
b) Theo PTHH: n^H, - 2. n^^^^^^^^ = 2.0,15=0,3(mol)
The' tich khi nito tao thanh = 0,01.22,4 = 0,224 (lit)
Cau 9: Can la'y bao nhieu lit khi nita va khi hidro d^ didu che dugc 67,2 lit khi Vay the tfch khf NH, thu dugc (crdktc): V ^ H J = 0,3 . 22,4 = 6,72 (lit).
amoniac? Biet rang the tich cua cac khf deu dugc do trong cung difiu kidn nhiet Cau 12: Phai dung bao nhieu 1ft khf nita va bao nhieu 1ft khf hidro de' diû che' 17,0
do, ap suat va hieu sua't ciia phan lifng la 25%. gam NH,? Biet ring hieu sua't chuyen hoa thanh amoniac la 25,0%. Cac the' tfch
Hu&ng ddn gidi khf dugc do a dktc.
A. 44,8 1ft N , va 134,4 lit H , B. 22,4 lit N^ va 134,4 1ft H ,
PTHH: N 2 ( k ) + 3H2(k) < > 2NH3(k) . C. 22,4 1ft N , va 67,2 1ft H . D. 44,8 lit N, va 67,2 lit H^
1 (L) 3 (L) 2 (L) Hu&ng ddn gidi
' ' X y <- 67,2 (L) 17 -'I-'*
SdmolNH,: nNH3 = — = l(mol) • rî^^:,
Suyra: x = ^ ^ = 33,6(1); y = ^ ^ = 100,8(1)
PTHH: N2 + 3H2 < > 2NH3
V i H = 25%nen:
0,5 mol <- 1,5 mol <- 1 mol
' ' • • " v , = i ^ = » ^ = 134.40) - Vi H = 25% nen: n^^ = ^ ^ ^ ^ = 2(mol) => V^^ = 2. 22,4 = 44,8(l)
\ 2 . 25; 25
Co:; ' ^ ^ ylOO ^ >0Q-^-^QO ^ 2(\\ Mm-t»iy^¥^ tairfq .
25 25 ' "H2 = - ^ ^ = 6 ( n i o l ) = ^ V H 2 =6.22,4 =134,4(1)
Dap an diing la A. ,
145
Dang 2: Kim loqi phdn ting vdi axit HNOj C6ng thiic tfnh s6' mol H N O 3 cdn diing d^ ho^ tan m6t hdn hop cic kim loai:
1. L i thuyet v$n dung va phuong phap giai: , ,,,,

* Dac di^m cua phan umg giCra kim loai vdi axit: 2, Cac thi du minh hoa:
+ Trong dung dich H N O 3 , ion NO 3 c6 kha nang oxi hoa manh hon ion H*, n6n Thi du 1: Cho 12 gam hop kim ciia bac vao dung dich HNO3 loang (du), dun
HNO3 oxi hoa dupe hSu h€i cac kim loai (trir Au, Pt). nong dd'n phan iJng hoan toan, thu dupe dung dich c6 8,5 gam AgN03. Ph^n
+ Phan ling giira kim loai va axit nitric kh6ng bao gi6 giai phong Hj. tram khdi lupng ciia bac trong mSu hpp kim la
+ Tuy thu6c vao n6ng d6 axit, tfnh khii cua kim loai ma c6 thfi' tao ra cac san A. 45% B. 55% C. 30% D. 65%
phim khiuf la NO2, NO, NjO, N^ hoac NH4NO,. , ;„ ,,. . ,., , (Trich De thi tuyen sink Dai hoc nam 2013 khoi A)
Kim loai yS'u (Cu, Ag) + HNO3 dac > san ph^m Vh\X NO2 (mû nSu): Hu&ngddngidi
: Ag + 2HN03«„ > AgNOj + NO^ + H2O " i - '''<-•'• • • 85

Ta c6: n^g = n^gjsjQ^ = — ^ = 0,05 (mol) (bao toan nguydn td bac)
Kim loai ye'u (Cu, Ag) + HNO3 loang > san ph^m khiV NO:
„ 0,05.108.100% . . ' ,
3Cu + 8 H N O 3 > 3Cu(N03)2 + 2 N O + 4H2O 'm Mki t,;\' Vay %mAg= = 45% 1 - f^>ri> sfliijs m,vnf\
Kim loai manh + HNO3 loang > san ph^m khi^ NjO, N , , NH4NO3: Dap an diing la A.
4Zn + IOHNO3,,, > 4Zn(N03), + N H 4 N O 3 + 3H,0 Thi du 2: Hoa tan hoan toan 1,28 gam Cu vao 12,6 gam dung dich H N O 3 60%
+ Kim loai c6 nhiû hoa tri (Fe, Cr, ...) tac dung vdi axit HNO3 taora mu6i nitrat, thu dupe dung dich X (kh6ng c6 ion N H 4 ) . Cho X tac dung hoan toan vdi
trong do kim loai c6 s6' oxi hoa cao nha't thircmg gap: 105 ml dung dich KOH I M , sau dd Ipc bo kd't tua dupe dung dich Y. Co can
; Fe + 4HNO3 (,) > Fe(N03)3 + NO + 2H2O Y dupe chat ran Z. Nung Z den khdi lupng kh6ng ddi, thu dupc 8,78 gam
+ Cac kim loai nhu A l , Cr, Fe bl thu dong hoa trong axit HNO3 dac, ngu6i. chat ran. Ndng d6 phSn tram ciia Cu(N03)2 trong X la
* Phuong phap giai: A. 28,66% B. 29,69% C. 30,08% D. 27,09%
- Phuong phap bao toan electron. ' . 1 (Trich De thi tuyen sink Dai hoc nam 2013 khoi B)
- Phuong phap bao toan khoi lucmg. Hu&ng ddn giai
- Phuong phap sit dung phuong trinh ion rut gon. 1 28
- Phuong phap qui ddi. Sd mol Cu, H N O 3 va KOH Mn luot la: nc„ = = 0,02 (mol); '
- Phuong phap bao toan dien tich. 64
- Phuomg phap bao toan nguyen to: Trong phan ting hoa hoc, cac nguydn t6' =0,105.1 = 0.105(mol) a -'
dirpc bao toan. Diû nay c6 nghTa la t 6 n g s6' mol nguydn ttt cua cac nguydn t6'
So dd cac phan ling xay ra:
truoc va sau phan utig lu6n bang nhau.
Cu + HNO3 Cu(N03)2 + ...
+ Khi sir dung dinh luat bao ta khdng c5n vid't PTHH ma thay vô 66 vid't so dd phan
H N O 3 + KOH - > K N O 3 + H2O
utig (c6 hd s6) di bieu didn cac bid'n d6i co ban ciia cac nguydn t6' quan tam.
+ Vid't so dd phan ting biû didn six bid'n ddi co ban ciia cac nguydn td quan tam. Cu(N03)2 + 2 K O H Cu(OH)2^ + 2 K N O 3 ''
+ Dat in, dua vao dinh luat bao toan nguydn td lap dupe phuomg trlnh dai sd. 2 K N O 3 - > 2KN02 + 0 2 t
+ Giai hd, xac dinh cac dai lupng theo ydu ciu cua bai toan. Cha't ran thu dupc sau khi nung la KNOj (x mol) va KOH dU (y mol).
- Cac cong thurc giai nhanh bai tap dang nay: s, ' '• Ta c6: 85x + 56y = 8,78 (theo d6 bai) y
- C6ng thiic tfnh khdi lupng mudi nitrat kim loai thu dirpc khi cho h 6 n hop cic Bao toan nguydn td kali: x + y = 0,105 (= nfôn)
kim loai tie dung vdi H N O 3 (san ph^m khir kh6ng c6 N H 4 N O 3 ) : Giai ra dupe: x = 0,1; y = 0,005 ''^
+62.(3.nNo + n N 0 2 ^ • " N 2 0 + ^^•^N2 ) ^y>^^ mlqM Tir su bao toan nguydn td nito => sd mol H N O 3 bj khu (tao san p h ^ khil)lâng:
146 147
0 , 1 2 - X = 0 , 1 2 - 0 , 1 = 0 , 0 2 (mol)
Cac qua trinh o x i hoa - khiJf xay ra:
Qua trinh nhuomg - nhan electron: ' ^ , .1
Cu - 2e - > Cu"' , ^ Al > Al- +3e Mg > Mg2^ + 2e
0 , 0 2 ^ 0,04 ' • ,'/^„_^, ; ' •.,r,,r''''".v"^'' ' a(mol) -> 3a b(mol) 2b
^5 ,('-'./•••'it +(5-n) '.'-^SX %ld' -Ify \%i'>'^['-.'p'M^^''Si'''iJy' • ^1 +5 +2 ' • +5 +1
;.:.„ N + ne-> (N) :^''<'>l.»'-;'^' ' ' yr:.^.
N + 3e -)• N(NO) 2N + 8e ^ N2(N20)
0,02^0,02n ' •
0,21 0,07 , . 0,56 0,07
Theo dinh luat bao toan electron ta c6:
Tac6:27.a + 24.b = 8,862
0,02n = 0,04 ^ n = 2 (NÔ, = N O + NO.)
3a + 2b = 0,21+ 0,56 = 0,77 '
Stf mol N A = ^ = 0,01 (mol) i.;. a =0,042; b = 0,322
0,042.27.100%
So d6 phan ung: Cu + H N O , (du) - > dung djch X + N j O j t vay: %mAi = 12,80% i;A,w.ir. „ ,„ , , , O v t .
Khoi luong dung dich X : m^jx = 1,28 + 12,6 - 0,01.76 = 13,12 (g)
Dap an diing la C.
Vay ndng d6 phan tram cua Cu(NO,)2 trong dung dich sau phan umg:
0,02.188.100% Thi du 4: Cho m gam h6n hop X gom A l , Cu vao dung dich H C l (du), sau khi
KCu(NO,y="'"-°—-=28.66% ke't thuc phan iJng sinh ra 3,36 lit khi (do 6 dktc). Nfi'u cho m gam h6n hop X
13,12
tr^n vao mot luong du axit nitric (dac, nguoi), sau khi ket thiic phan ling sinh
Dap an dung la A .
ra 6,72 lit khf N O . (san phaim khir duy nha't, 6 dktc). Gia trj ciia m la
Thi du 3: Hoa tan hoan toan 8,862 gam h6n hop gom A l va M g vao dung dich A. 11,5. B. 10,5. C. 12,3. D . 15,6.
H N O , loang, thu duoc dung dich X va 3,136 lit ( d dktc) h5n hop Y g6m hai (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B)
khi khong mau, trong do c6 mot khi hoa nau trong khong k h i . Khoi luong cua
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Y la 5,18 gam. Cho dung djch NaOH (du) vao X va dun nong, khong c6 khi
miii khai thoat ra. Phdn tram khoi luong ciia A l trong h6n hop ban ddu la 3 36 6 72
Theobaira: n ^ ^ = ~ — = 0,15(mol); nN02 = ~— = 0,3 (mol).
A . 19,53% B. 10,52% C. 12,80% D . 15,25% 22,4 '^"2 22,4
(Trich de tuyen sink Cao dang - Khoi A) * X + HCl (du): Chi c6 A l phan iJng: ' " •••«"^> '^'J*
5- Huang dan gidi 2A1 + 6HC1 > 2AICI3 + 3H2t
0,1 (mol) 0,15
T h e o b a i r a : n,, = ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ = 0,14 (mol) .
22,4 Cu + HCl > kh6ng phan ling
Trong Y c6 N O (khi bj hoa nSu trong kh6ng khf: 2 N 0 + 0 3 ^ 2NO2 do nSu).
=> nî = = 0 , l ( m o l ) =^ mî = 0,1.27 = 2,7 (gam)
K h i con lai trong Y c6 the la N . hoac N , 0 (deu kh6ng c6 mau).
* X + H N O , (dac, ngu6i, du): Chi c6 Cu phan umg:
T a c o : M Y = ^ - — = 37
ny 0,14 CU + 4 H N O , > Cu(N03). + 2 N 0 , + 2H2O
V i M N O = 30 < 37=> khi con lai c6 M > 3 7 , vay khi do la N . O ( M = 4 4 ) . 0,15 0,3 (mol)
Xac dinh s6' mol N O (x mol), N . O (y mol) trong Y . A l + HNO3 (dac, nguoi) > khong phan ung
Taco: x + y=0,14
= > n c „ = ^ y ^ = 0,15(mol) ^ mcu = 0,15.64 = 9,6 (gam)
30x + 44y = 5,18
Giai he ta duoc: x = 0,07; y = 0,07 , ;, , t>.v Vay m = m ^ , + mc„ = 2 , 7 + 9 , 6 = 12,3 (g).
Dap an diing la C.
Thidu 5: Thi tfch dung dich HNO3 I M (loang) ft nha't cSn dung de' hoa tan hoan fhidu 7: Hoa tan ho^n toan 12 gam h6n hop Fe, Cu (ti 16 mol 1 : 1) bang axit
toan m6t h6n hop g6m 0,15 mol Fe va 0,15 mol Cu la (bife't phan irng tao ch&t HNO3, thu diroc V 1ft (a dktc) h6n hop khf X (g6m NO va NO2) v^ dung djch
khvJr duy nha't la NO) Y (chi chiia 2 mu6'i va axit du). Ti kh6'i cua X d6'i vdi H j bang 19. Gia tri ciia
A. 1,0 lit. B. 0,6 lit. C. 0,8 lit. D. 1,2 lit. Vl^
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khd'i B) A. 2,24. B.4,48. C. 5,60. D. 3,36.
Hu&ng ddn gidi (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khd'i A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi i
Cac PTPir xay ra: ' ' ' ''
Goi X, y l^n luot la s6'mol NO, NO2 trong X. , ; ,
Fe + 4HN03 > Fe(N03)3 + NO + 2H2O ' 'V (1)
" i» - i 0 ,3'', ••• ;
3Cu + 8HNO3 > 3Cu(N03), + 2NO + 4H,0 . .J , . (2)

=> 30. X + 46. y = 38. X + 38. y ' ^-i^^.. •f''^^'''''^'-:'
Di cdn ft HNO3 nha't thi phai xay ra phan limg:
=> 8x - 8 y = 0 ^^ = y,^.ly,^,^;i;.^^
Fe + 2Fe(N03)3 > 3Fe(N03)2 'T'^ ' "^S)
N+3e > N • OMl^ HV'': f „.VOl.!;? •
Tir (1, 3) => 3Fe + 8HNO3 > 3Fe(N03), + 2NO + 4H2O (4)
Tir (2): n^^,^^ (2) = = 0,4(mol). V M' 3x x(mol) ' (
t ^W?:.>;r u > : a . - , .
Tif(4): n H ^ O 3 ( 4 ) = ^ = 0.4(mol). N + le > N
y y (mol) • « r, ,,
=> 5:n„N0 3 , . i „ , = 0,4 + 0,4 = 0,8 (mol) Theo bai ra: nc„ = np^ = 0,1 (mol).
08 +2
Cu - 2e > Cu
HNO 3 (min) = -Y-=0»8(l).
0,1 0,2 (mol) .y, ,/(;.(!• W?- (fhH .(>M|4 ff^w{;( r|.-s','b s
Dap an diing la C.
Thi du 6: Cho h6n hop Fe, Cu phan ihig vdi dung dich HNO3 loang. Sau khi Fe - 3e > Fe
phan ung hoan toan, thu ditoc dung djch chi chiia m6t chat tan va kim loai du. 0,1 0,3 (mol)
I Chat tan do la Taco: 3x + y = 0,2 + 0,3 = 0,5 (2)
A.HNO3. B.Fe(N03),. C.Cu(N03)2. D. Fe(N03)3. T i r ( l ) , ( 2 ) : x = y = 0,125(mol). , ,.
(Trich Delhi tuyen sink DH - CD nam khoi B) o V = (0,125 + 0,125). 22,4 = 5,60 (lit). ... ,;
Hu&ng ddn gidi Dap an diing la C.
Cic PTPir (dir doan c6 th^ xay ra): thi du 8: Hoa tan hoan toan 1,23 gam h6n hop X g6m Cu vk A l vô dung dich
HNO3 dac, ndng thu duoc 1,344 lit khf NO2 (san ph^m khir duy nha't, d dktc)
Fe > Fe(N03)3
dung djch Y. Sue tiT tir khf NH3 (du) vô dung dich Y, sau khi phan ling
Cu ^"N03 ^ Cu(N03)2 ^r; ...... xay ra hoan toan thu duoc m gam kd't tiia. Ph^n tram v^ khd'i lucmg cua Cu
trong h6n hop X va gia tri ciia m Idn luot Ik
,:, Fe + 2Fe(N03)3 > 3FciNO,h ^ , :,,,, :im ,
A. 21,95% v^ 0,78. B. 78,05% v^ 2,25.
Cu + 2Fe(N03)3 > Cu(N03), + 2Fe(N03)2 f-.h-'^'
C. 21,95% va 2,25. '« ' ' D. 78,05% va 0,78.
Do d6 chat tan thu duoc la Fe(N03),. r.! (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - khd'i B)
Dap an dung la B. ' . " ' '^''"'^'^ ^ " ^''^ '
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Th bai ra: H N O , =
Theo = 0,06 (mol) ' '
^ 22,4
m
Goi X, y Idn Inert la s6' mol cua Cu, Al trong h6n hop X.
Theo bai ra, ta c6: 64x + 27y = 1,23 (1)
Cac qua trinh xay ra: ^ m ™ . i = 3 1 +0,75.62 = 77,5 (gam)
p^p an dung la C.
Cu - 2e — > Cu^^ ; "
'fi^du 10: Hoa tan hoan toan 13,5 gam b6t Al vao dung djch H N O 3 loang du,
sau cac phan iJng hoan toan thu duoc 5,6 li't hdn hop 2 khi NO va N , 0 (dktc).
Al - 3e > Al'" Trong dung djch khong c6 NH4NO3. Khoi luong dung djch sau phan iJng thay
d6i so vdi khoi luomg dung djch HNO, ban ddu la
A. khong thay ddi B. tang 3,9 gam C. tang 13,5 gam D. giam 9,6 gam
0,06 < 0,06 (mol) Hu&ng dan gidi . v , , . r.-:.,^!J;.rM
Ta c6: 2x + 3y = 0,06 (2) De giai bai tap nay ta c6 th^ sir dung djnh luat bao toan electron va djnh luat bao
T i r ( l ) , (2) taco: x = 0,015; y = 0,01. toan khoi luong de giai.
Sue khi NH3 du vao dung djch CuCNO,),, AKNO,), thi chi c6 ke't tua Al(OH)3; Theo bai ra: nî = =0,5 (mol); nô.NjO =0,25 (mol) ,,
A1(N03)3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O > A l ( 0 H ) 3 i + 3NH4NO3
Goi a, b Idn luat la so mol NO, N , 0
=>m = mA,(OH)3; =0,01.78 = 0,78 (gam) Taco: a + b =0,25 (1) M 'd j 1
Cac ban phan ung oxi hoa - khir: • <•-"
64.x.l00% 64.0,015.100% ncr, 0 +3 / }U ' ^'1 '
% mcu/x = = = 78,05%.
' 1,23 1,23 Al - 3e -> A l ;,,,,,,.„,,,
Dap an dung la D. 0,5 -^1,5 ,,
Suy ra so mol electron do Al nhucmg bang 1,5 mol. ''
Thi du 9: Hoa tan het 31 gam h6n hop X gom 3 kim loai la sat, d6ng va bac
bang dung djch HNO3 vijra du, tha'y c6 5,6 lit khi NO la san phdm khir duy N + 3e ^ N(NO) , , , , " >,,, ' , ,: '
nha't thoat ra (0 dktc) va thu duoc dung djch Y. Dem c6 can dung djch Y thu 3a a "'. ' '
duoc m gam h6n hop ba mudi khan. Gia trj ciia m la +-'5 +1
A. 85 B.70 C.77,5 D. 51,32 2 N + 8e - > N2 (N.O)
Hu&ng dan gidi 8b b ' ;;:;.e..v
Theo bai ra: nô = 0,25 (mol) Sd mol electron do N^'nhan bang 3a + 8b. ;i}i!.i^m',':^^
So d6 phan umg: Theo nguyfin tac bao toan electron, ta c6: ^^w** 'i'v? r s ) H^: '
1,5 = 3a + 8b (2) »«i*f »f«
Fe—^Fe-^^ )Fe(NQ3)3 T i r ( I , 2) giai rata duoc: a = 0,1, b = 0,15. " ' i - ^ i-iy
So do phan ung:
Cu—ig^Cu^" "^^"^ >Cu(N03)2 A l + HNO3 Al(N03)3 + N O t + N , o t + H2O '>?.v .
Ag >Ag ÂgNOj . , , • dung djnh luat bao toan khoi luong cho phan ufng tren ta duoc:
; Tatha[y: In,(Fe,Cu,Agcho)=SnNOJ ^'"""'^ 4;-'r:»;VsV,/

=^ 13,5 + m d d H N 0 3 ='"ddsau +0,1-30 +0,15.44 ,
N + 3 e ^ N(NO) ^niddsau - mîdHNOj =13,5 - 3 - 6 , 6 =3,9 (gam) ' •
0,75 <r- 0,25 (mol) ^^y khoi lucmg dung dich sau phan ling tang 3,9 gam so vdi kh6'i luong dung
Talaico: I n = 0,75 (mol) | djch H N O 3 ban ddu.
£>ap an diing la B.
3. C a c b a i t a p t u l u y e n :
Ta(l,2)=.2,5y=^=>y = ^
Ciku 1: Cho 10,8 gam b6t A l tan hoan toan trong dung dich H N O , tha'y thoat ra 3
khf Ni, N O va N j O c6 t i le mol tuong ling la 1: 2: 1. Trong dung dich thu duoc Qua trinh cho - nhan electron:
kh6ng C O N H 4 N O 3 . The' ti'ch 3 khi trdn (dktc) la +5 +2 +5 44
(Cho H = 1, N = 14, A l = 27, O = 16) N+3e^N N + le-^N
A . 2,24 l i t jiffi'f, B. 3,36 l i t C. 4,48 l i t D . 6,721ft 3x < - x y<- y
I Hu&ngddngidi s u . i i i H i , - 1
^ S6 electron trao d6i: 3x + y = 5 , 5 y = ^ ' ^ ^
Stfmolnh6m: n A i = 0 , 4 ( m o l ) v r 56
J J:.
Dat X la s6' m o l Nj => 0 ^ 0 = 2 x ; n^^^Q = x ( m o l ) ( v i t i 16 m o l 1 : 2 : 1 ) Sod6taomu6'i: M )M"^ ^"^^3 >M(N03)„
- Qua trinh nhuong electron (do A l nhucmg): 5,5.V
=> S6 mol N O 3 tao mu6'i nitrat: n
Al-3e->Al-'"^ ,^/••.v?i';-fn-,'-.i-.::r\ • N03 56
vay kh6'i luong mu6'i bang:
0,4-> 1,2 (mol) " ' . I T J ^ ^ . V ''''
Suy ra s6 m o l electron nh6m nhircfng 1,2 (mol) li dii 55 V

m='"KL+ni _ =>m + — ^ . 6 2 = ( m + 6 , 0 8 9 V ) g a m " ' J - •
- Cac qua trinh nhan electron (do N"^' nhan): NO 3 56 ,
+5 0 +5 +2 -1} i>(. Dap an diing la D .
,„„ 2N+10e->N2 N + 3e->N(NO) „
Cau 3: K h i cho 3,00 g h6n hop Cu va A l tac dung vdri dung djch H N O 3 dac, du,
, l O x <-x ' - , 6x < - 2 x * - •'![ dun nong, sinh ra 4,48 lit khi duy nha't la N O , (dktc). Xac dinh phin tram kh6'i
+5 +1 luong ciia m 6 i k i m loai trong h6n hop.
N+8e->N2 h , . T ^ ' f •.
Hu&ng dan gidi ',
8x < - x Goi s6' m o l Cu la x, s6' mol A l la y. ' j
Suy ra s6' m o l electron do N*' nhan bang lOx + 6x + 8x = 24x (mol) Theo bai ra ta c6: 64x + 27y = 3 v. , flji.
Theo nguyfin tac bao toan electron: 1,2 = 24x => x = 0,05 (mol)
T6ng so mol 3 k h i tao ra: x + 2x + x = 4x = 4. 0,05 = 0,2 (mol) PTHH: Cu + 4 H N 0 3 „ ^ , — ^ CU(N03)2 ^^^2 + 2 H 2 O
Vay V = 0,2 . 22,4 = 4,48 (lit) X -> 2x (mol)

Dap an dung la C.
Cau 2: Hoa tan hoan toan m gam h6n hop 3 k i m loai bang dung dich H N O 3 thu Al + 6 H N O 3 A1(N03)3 + ^ ^ ^ ^ 2 + 3H2O mn
duoc V l i t h6n hop khi D (dktc) g6m N O va N O , . T i khd'i ciia D so vdi H2 la y .• • 3y(mol) ••• „,,K,:,,M.:
18,2. Gia thid't kh6ng c6 phan ung tao N H 4 N O 3 . T6ng kh6'i luong mu6'i trong
dung dich thu duoc tinh theo m va V la (cho H = 1, N = 14, O = 16) T a c 6 : 2 x + 3y = ^ = 0,2
22,4 0
A . ( m + 8,749 V ) gam B. (m + 4,48 V). gam
Giai he ( 1 , 2) ta duoc: x = 0,026; y = 0,049.
C. ( m + 8,96 V ) gam D . (m + 6,089 V ) gam.
Phdn tram kh6'i luong ciia m 6 i k i m loai: ^ I'M' f,
Hu&ngddngidi ,
^ 64.0,026.100%
Goi X , y iSn luot la s6' m o l N O , N O , trong h6n hop D . %mcu= = 55,5%
TV, , ' 30x + 46y
Theo bai ra ta co: =18,2.2=36,4 %m., =100-55,5 = 44,5%. <; 0
x+y • • '
=>30x + 46y= 36,4x + 36,4y x = l,5y (1) > ^'
V • ••'i<^:c
Matkhac: x + y = -V'^ (2)
22,4
C6ng thirc de giai nhanh cac bai tap dang nay:
Dang 3: Kim loqi tdc dung v&i axit HNOj sink ra NH4NO3
C6ng thu-c tinh s6 mol HNO3 cdn dung de' hoa tan m6t h6n hop cac kim loai:
1. L i thuyet van dung va phiromg phap giai: ' nHN03 = 4 n N o + 2 n N 0 2 + 1 0 n N 2 o + • 2 n N 2 +'^"NH4N03
* Kim loai manh + HNO3 loang > san ph^m Ichii' N.O, N j , NH4NO3: 2, Cac thi du minh hoa:
4Zn + lOHNOj,,, > 4Zn(N03), + NH4NO3 + SH.O
ffii du 1: Hoa tan hoan toan m gam Al bang dung dich H N O 3 loang, thu duoc
* Dac thii phuong phap giai bai tap dang nay la phuong phap bao toan electron. 5,376 lit (dktc) h6n hop khi X gom N,, N.O va dung djch chiJa 8m gam muoi.
Ngoai ra c6 the sir dung ket hop cac phuong phap bao toan kh6'i luong, bao toan Ti khoi ciia X so v6i H2 bang 18. Gia tri ciia m la
didn tich, bao toan nguyen to.
A. 21,60 B. 18,90 C. 17,28 D. 19,44
* Thi du: Cho 2,16 gam Mg lac dung vo^ dung dich HNO, (du). Sau khi phan ung
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khoi A nam 2013)
xay ra hoan toan thu duoc 0,896 lit khi NO (6 dktc) va dung dich X. Kh6'i luong
muoi khan thu duoc khi lam bay hoi dung dich X la Hu&ng ddn giai
A. 8,88 gam. B. 13,92 gam. C. 6,52 gam. D. 13,32 gam. Nhdn thdy Al Id mot kim loai manh plidn I'fng vcfi dung dich HNO^ lodng; de hid
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi B) khong noi ro ngodi A',, N2O khong c6 sdn phdm khu ndo khdc nen chung ta du
Phantich: .^...c,„,„u..i • dodn trong sdn phdm khuc6 NH^NO,. , ; , i t i.: : ,, -jy,, j^,,^,
- Dau hieu de' nhan ra bai nay c6 kha nang c6 san ph£m khir NH4NO3: , , Sefmol h6n hop khi: n^hkhf = 5,376/22,4 = 0,24 (moj) ^ s : ' ^ }' "
+ Kim loai manh (Mg) + HNO3 - Theo bai ra ta c6:
+ Di bai khong khing dinh NO (chat khi) la san phdm khir duy nha't. nN2+"N2O=0,24 '^^tf/W^lv,,
- NH4NO3 la mu6'i tan trong dung djch ntn trong khi tinh khdi luong mu6'i thu
duoc se bao gom muoi nitrat cua kim loai va muoi amoni nitrat NH4NO3. _ 4 4 - l 8 . 2 _ 8 _ l ^ ^ n ^ , ^n^ô =0,12 (molj^'J';'^^^^^^^^
- Gia sir chi c6 san phdm khir la NO, dua vao dinh luat bao toan electron ta thay N20 18.2-28 8- 1- ,
s6' mol electron cho (Mg cho) > s6' mol electron nhan, nen bu6c phai c6 them
o +1
san phdm khir khac, turc la c6 san phdm NH4NO3.
=> T6ng s6' mol electron do N nhan tao ra N j . N j O la:
Theo bai ra: nwg = ~~- = (mol); = = 0,04 (mol) fed,*/
24 0,12.10+ 0,12.8 = 2,16 (mol)
* Tru&ng hap 1: Co san phdm khu NH4NO3
Xay ra cac qua trinh: => Muoi gom CO A1(N03)3 va NH4NO3
+2
+-') -.1
Mg - 2e Mg
N+8e-»N(NH4NO,)
0,09 0,18 (mol) 0,09 (mol)
8x <- X
=>2:n„M,cho, =0,09. 2 = 0,18 (mol). H «
+5 +2 Theo bao toan electron ta c6:
N + 3e N 3m = 2,16 + 8x
0,12 (mol) 0,04 27 (1)
+5
=> En, ( N nhan) = 0,04. 3 = 0,12 (mol). Mat khac: —.213 + 80x = 8m (2)
27
Suy ra: En, > Sn, „,hj„, => c6 san phdm NH4NO3
T u ( l , 2 ) = > m = 21,6(gam)
N + 8e > N £ ; Dap an diing la A. ' '
' ' ' (0,18-0,12) 0,0075 (mol) cM'^-iiU,-'mi-^.,r^ Tru&ng hap 2: Kh6ng c6 san phdm khiJr NH4NO3
Vay khdi luong chat rdn khan thu duoc: Theo dinh luat bao toan electron, ta c6:
m = mMg,N03)2 + ' " N H 4 N 0 , =0,09.148 +0,0075.80= 13,92 (gam).
^ ' " = 2 , 1 6 = ^ m = 19,44(gam)
Dap an diing la B. 27
157
Trong dung dich chi c6 mu6'i A1(N03)3 2x + 2y + 2z + 0,045.2 = 0,5.1
Kh6'i lirong A1(N03)3 = ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ = 153,36(g) ^ x + y + z=0,205 (2)

eo nguydn tac bao toan electron, ta c6:
=> Loai trucmg hop nay (vi khO'i luong muO'i ^ 8m).
2x + 2y = 0,045.8+ 8z
Thi du 2: Cho 29 gam h6n hop g6m A l , Cu va A g tac dung vijra du vdi 950 ml 2x + 2 y - 8 z = 0,36 (3)
dung dich HNO3 1,5M, thu duoc dung dich chiia m gam mu6'i va 5,6 lit h6n • T i y ( l , 2 , 3 ) =^x = 0 , l ; y = 0,l;z = 0,005
hop k h i X (dktc) g6m N O va N . O . T i kh6'i ciia X so vod H j l a 16,4. Gia t r i ciia
m la Vay m = m^,g(N03)2 "'Zn(N03)2 + ' " N H 4 N O 3 (iv .• f
A . 98,20. B. 97,20. C. 98,75. D . 91,00. m = 0,1.148 + 0,1.189 + 0,005.80 = 34,10(g) '

(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khoi B)
Ddpan dung la A .
Hu&ng ddn gidi ,,,.1
Thi du 4: Hoa tan hoan toan m6t luong b6t Zn vao m6t dung djch axit X. Sau
Dat sd mol HNO3 la X . i w d
phan ling thu duoc dung djch Y va khi Z . Nho tir tir dung dich N a O H (du) vao
S6' mol NO3 tao mu6'i vori ion k i m loai: • Y, dun nong thu duoc khi khdng mau T. A x i t X la , .
A . H2SO4 loang B. HNO3 C. H2SO4 A&c D. H3PO4
n„^_ „aomu6iv«i„„Mm,oai, = 3n(NO) + 8n(N20) + 8n(NH4N03)
NO3
= 3.0,2 + 8.0,05 + 8x = 1 + 8x ^.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
V i nguyen t6' nito duoc bao toan ndn: > ,v
1,425.1 = 2.0,05 + 1.0,2 + (1 + 8x) + 2x V i N a O H + ddY — ° - > T T (khdng mau) + ...
Suy r a x = 0,0125 (mol). => Trong dung dich Y c6 NH4NO3 ^
Vay kh6'i luong mu6'i khan thu duoc:
m = m ( k i m loai) + mCNO," tao mu6'i vori ion k i m loai) + m(NH4N03) NH4NO3 + N a O H — ^ N H 3 T +3H2O *
m = 29 + (1 + 8. 0,0125). 62 + 0,0125. 80 = 98,20 (gam). A x i t X la HNO3 . ' M . i , i
Dap an diing la A .
4Zn + IOHNO3 - > 4 Z n ( N 0 3 ) 2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O
Thi du 3: Hoa tan hoan toan 8,9 gam h6n hop gdm M g va Z n bang luong viifa dii I Dap an dving la B.
500 m l dung dich J l N O j I M . Sau khi cac phan umg ke't thiic, thu duoc 1,008 lit Thi du 5: Cho h6n hop gom 6,72 gam M g va 0,8 gam M g O tac dung hd't vdi
khi N2O (dktc) duy nha't va dung dich X chiJa m gam mu6'i. Gia trj ciia m la luong d u dung dich HNO3. Sau khi cac phan ung xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc
A . 34,10. , B. 31,22. C. 33,70. D . 34,32. 0,896 lit mot khi X (dktc) va dung dich Y. Lam bay hoi dung djch Y thu duoc
(Trich dS tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)J 46 gam mud'i khan. K h i X la
A. NO, B.N3O CN, D.NO
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Nhan tha'y M g , Z n la cac k i m loai manh phan ihig vdi dung dich HNO3 loang;
d^ bai khdng noi ro ngoai N j O kh6ng c6 san phim khix nao khac n6n chiing i^' . . . J Hu&ngddngidi
du doan trong san ph^m khir c6 NH4NO3. • S6' mol cac cha't: nj^g = 0,28(mol); n^go = 0,02(mol); Ox = 0,04(mol)
Theo bai ra: n^^j^Q^ = 0 , 5 (mol); Uf^^Q =0,045 (mol) ' "
" Mg(N03)2 = " M g + " M g O = 0,3(mol) (bao toan nguyen t6' magie)
Goi X , y, z ISn luot la s6'mol M g ( N 0 3 ) 2 ; Z n ( N 0 3 ) 2 ; NH4NO3.
=^'"Mg(NO3)2=0'3-148 = 4 4 , 4 ( g ) < 4 6 g .
T a c o : 24x + 65y = 8,9 ' M ; !
Suy ra trohg dung djch Y c6 mu6'i NH4NO3 (amoni nitrat), kh6'i luong amoni
V i nguyen t6' nito duoc bao toan ntn ta c6:
nitrat tao ra la: mNH4N03 = 46 - 44,4 = l,6(gam)
159
C t y TNHH MTV DWH Khana Vi^t
1,6
= 0,02 (mol)
"NH4N0, - fhidu 7: Hoa tan hoan toan 12,42 gam A l bang dung djch HNO3 loang (du), thu
Cac qua trinh nhuong - nhan electron xay ra: duofc dung djch X 1,344 lit (or dktc) h6n hop khi Y g6m hai k h i \k NÔ
-3
^f2. T i khd'i cua h6n hop khi Y so vdi khi H j la 18. C6 can dung djch X , thu
+5 -3
+2
N + 8e N NH4NO, dugc m gam chat rSn khan. Gid trj cua m la
Mg Mg+2e
A. 97,98. B. 106,38. C. 38,34. D . 34,08.
0,28 -> 0,56(mol) v
0,16 <- 0,02(mol) (Trich Dithi tuyin sink DH khd'i A)
I, u
Hu&ngddngidi .,
2 N ^ 2ne -> Nhan tha'y A l la m6t k i m loai manh phan ung voi dung dich HNO3 loang; dg bai
I
kh6ng noi ro ngoî N2, N j O kh6ng c6 san ph^m khiJ nô khdc ndn chung ta dir
1
0,08n < - 0,04(mol)

f i doan trong san ph^m k h u c6 NH4NO3.
, Theo nguyen tdc bao toan electron, ta c6: Theobî ra:
j: 0,56 = 0,16 + 0,08n =>n = 5
12,42 1,344
+5 0 = 0,06 (mol)
HAI = — r r - = 0,46 (mol); U y =
VaykhiXlaN,: 2N+10e^N2 27 22,4
Dap an dung la C. Goi X, y \in lirot la s6' mol N j O , Nj.
Thidu 6: Hoa tan hoan toan 13,00 gam Zn trong dung djch H N O , loang, du thu x + y=:0,06 x=0,03
Tac6:
dirge dung djch X va 0,448 lit khi N , (dktc). Kh6'i luong muoi trong dung 44.x + 2 8 y ^ j ^ 2 = ^ ^
y = 0,03
dich X la x+ y
A. 37,80 gam B. 18,90 gam C. 28,35 gam D . 39,80 gam Q c qua trinh cho - nhan electron:
Al - 3e > Al'"
0,46 > 1,38 mol

Nluhi tlui'y Zn la mot kim loai manh phdn Ung vai dung dich HNOj, loang; de
In.„Ho)= 1,38 (mol)
hdi khong noi ro ngoai khong c6 sdn phd'm khi( ndo khdc nen chimg ta di(
dodn trong sdn phdm khifco NH^NO,. 2N" lOe
I. H
T h e o b a i r a : n^„ = — = 0 , 2 ( m o l ) ; nN2 = ^ ^ = 0,02(mol) 0,3 0,03 (mol)
+5 +1
2N 8e 2N
Cac qua trinh xay ra:
+2 +5 0,24 <r 0,03 . 2 (mol)
Z n -> Zn + 2e 2 N + lOe N2
=> Sn, = 0,3 + 0,24 = 0,54 < 1,38
0,2 0,2 ^ 0,4(mol) 0,2 0,02(mol) Suy ra, C O qua trinh: _ ; •?
V i 0,4 > 0,2 => C O qua trinh sau xay ra:
N + 8e > N (NH4NO,) "
+5 -3
N + 8e N (NH4NO3) (1,38-0,54) > 0,105 (mol) ' '
( 0 , 4 - 0 , 2 ) - ) > 0 , 2 / 8 = 0,025(mol) Chat ran g6m c6 A1(N03)3 (0,46 mol) va NH4NO3 (0,105 mol)
% m = 0,46. 213 + 0,105. 8 0 = 106,38 (gam).
Trong X C O mu6'i Z n ( N 0 3 ) 2 (0,2 m o l ) ; NH4NO3 (0,025 m o l )
âp an dung la B. '.'A'.'
Vay m = 0,2.189 + 0,025.80 = 39,08(gam)
Dap an diing la D . ,
160
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khanx Viet
3. C a c bai tap tu luyen: 0 OQ 80
cau 1: Cho 7,8 gam Z n tan h6t trong dung dich HNO3 thu duoc V h't k h i duy nha\ Vay m = 0,1 . 242 + 0,12 . 189 + ^^^^^=47,78(g)
la N2O (dktc). Lay dung dich con lai lam bay hoi lis tic thu duoc 23,8 gam chj,
ran khan. Gia tri cua V la (cho N = 14. O = 16, H = 1, Z n = 65) pdp an dung la A .
cau 3: dung dich HNO3 loang, d u thu duoc dung dich A va
A . 0,7168 B. 0,672 C. 0,5 D . 0,3584
h6n hop khi gom N j va N j O . Thdm N a O H du vao dung dich A , tha'y c6 khi mui
Hu&ng ddn gidi
khai thoat ra. Vife't phuong tnnh hoa hoc ciia t^t ca cac phan ling xay ra dudi
S6 mol kern: = 0,12(mol) ' ' ' ^ dang phuong trinh ion riit gon.
P T H H : 4Zn + IOHNO3 - > 4Zn(N03)2 + NjO t + 5H2O l' Hu&ng ddn gidi
Gia sir chat ran khan thu duoc chi c6 Zn(N03)2 ' ' PTHH: 5Zn + 12H" + 2 N 0 J 5Zn-" + N ^ f + 6H2O
4 Z n + 1 0 H " + 2NO3
4Zn^" + N j O t + 5H2O
^ ' " z n ( N 0 3 ) 2 = 0 ' 1 2 . 1 8 9 = 22,68(g) ;.32,8(g)
4Zn + lOH" + N O. 3; — 4Zn-"+ N H ; + 3H20
=> Trong chat rSn c6 san ph^m khu la NH4NO3: Dung dich A c6 cac ion Zn-\4 , H* va N O J .
mNH4N03 = 2 3 , 8 - 22,68 = l,12(g) =^ n^^^ô, =0,014(mol) '^J' Them N a O H d u vao dung dich A : '
P T H H : 4Zn + IOHNO3 ^ 4Zn(N03)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O H" +OH~^H,0

'<>'•)•
N H ; + O H " ^ N H 3 T + H20
, Theo djnh luat bao toan electron ta c6: i
(mui khai)
0,12 . 2 = — . 8 + 0 , 0 1 4 . 8 = > V - 0 , 3 5 8 4 (lit)
22,4 Zn-" + 2 0 H ~ ^ Zn(OH)4
Dap an dung la D . Zn(0H)2 + 2 0 H - - > Z n Of + 2H2O

C a u 2: Cho h6n hop g6m 5,6 gam Fe va 7,8 gam Z n vao dung dich HNO3 loang cau 4: Cho 2,16 gam h6n hop g6m A l va M g tan ha't trong dung dich axit HNO3
dir, sau k h i cac phan iJng xay ra hoan toan thu duoc 3,36 l i t N O duy nha't (a loang, dun nong nhe tao ra dung dich A va 448 m l (do d 354,9K va 988 mmHg)
dktc) va dung dich X chiia m gam mudi. Gia tri ciia m la h6n hop khi B g6m 2 khi kh6ng mû, kh6ng d6i mau trong khdng k h i . T i khd'i
A . 47,78 B. 46,88 C.41,3 D . 41,58. ciia B so vdi o x i bang 0,716 l&n ti kh6'i ciia CO2 so v6i nito. L ^ m khan A m6t
Hiring ddn gidi each c^n than thu duoc chat ran D , nung D dd'n kh6'i luong kh6ng d6i thu dirge
3,84 gam chat ran E. Tinh khd'i luong D va thanh phdn phdn tram kh6'i luong
S6'mol cac chat: np^ = 0 , l ( m o l ) ; nzn =0,12(mol); nô = 0 . ' 5 ( m o l ) -
m6i k i m loai trong h6n hop ban diu.
Qua trinh nhudng - nhan electron xay ra:
Huong ddn gidi
Fe - 3e ->-Fe'" Zn - 2e - > Zn"* Theo gia thie't thi B chiia N , va N j O
0,l->0,3 0,12^0,24 nN2O=0,01
" N J O + n N 2 =0,448.(988/760)/(0,082.354,9) = 0,02
= > I n ^ (cho) = 0,3 + 0,24 = 0,54 (mol) Ta CO •
nN20-44 + .28 = 0,02.32.0,716.44/28 11^2=0,01
N " ' + 3e - > N^- * ^ "'
• 0,45 0,15 V. • ;) , ) => So mol electron nhan d^ tao ra 2 khi nay la: 0,01. (10 + 8) = 0,18 mol (I)
V i 0,45 < 0,54 => con c6 san phdm khir la NH4NO3 (dung dich): => D CO A1(N03)3, Mg(N03), c6 thd' c6 NH4NO3.
+ 8e ^> NH4NO3 - ^ N 2 0 T + 2H20
(0,54-0,45) - > 0,09/8 . ^, a;/ 2NH4NO3 -> N2T + O, T + 4 H 2 0 t

H6n hop mu6'i thu duoc g6m: 4 A 1 ( N 0 3 ) 3 -> 2AI2O3 + I2NO2T + 3 0 . 1
0,1 mol F e ( N 0 3 ) 3 ; 0,12 mol Zn(N03)2 va 0,09/8 mol NH4NO3. 2 M g ( N 0 3 ) 2 - > 2 M g O + 4NO2T + O2T
=> E chi CO AI2O3 va M g O . -i., ., r-c c^l w'in)] <$>l^^'
K t thu^t mm gidi tihanh BT Hod hgc, t^p 2-Cu Thanh Toan
raw 6' ^ ^^"^ ^'^ ® ^ ^ trong dung dich
Goi X , y l^n lirot la s6' mol cua A l va Mg ta c6 h6: pjfjOj, sau khi phan ling ket thiic thu duoc dung dich B va 1,12 lit h6n hop khi
27x + 24y = 2,16 : jsjO va NjO C O s6' mol bang nhau. C6 can dung dich B thu duoc 31,75 gam muO'i.
Tinh th^ tich dung dich HNO3 0,5M t6'i thiû d^ hoa tan hoan toan A.
1 0 2 . | + 40y = 3,84 - Hu&ng ddn gidi
S6 mol h6n hop khi = 0,05 mol; s6' mol m6i khi = 0,025 mol.
= > X = nî = 0,04 mol v^ y = n^g = 0,045 mol
Mg- • Mg^"" + 2e Al •Al^++3e
=> s6' mol electron cho = 0,04.3 + 0,045.2 = 0,21 mol (II)
a 2a b 3b
+ Tir (I, II) suy ra phai c6 NH4NO3.
Tir do d l dang ti'nh duoc ket qua sau: ' Z n - .Zn2*+2e N*^ + 3e->.NO
. Dg6m: AKNO,), (8,52 gam); MgCNOa)^ (6,66 gam); ' 2c 0,025 0,075
NH,N03 (0,3 gam) = 15,48 gam. , , +5
2N + 8e N2O N*^ + 8e N H ;
- Hon hop ban dû c6 50% luong m6i kim loai.
Cau 5: Hoa tan he't 31,89 gam h6n hop A g6m 2 kim loai A l va M g trong luong dir 0,05 0,2 X 8x
dung dich HNO3 loang, thu duoc 10,08 lit (dktc) h6n hop khi X (g6m NO va Ta c6: 2a + 3b + 2c = 0,275 + 8x
N 2 O ) va dung djch Y. Ti kh6'i hoi ciia X so v<5ri khi hidro la 59/3. C6 can dung 31,75 = 7,5 + 62.(0,275 + 8x) + 80x.-> x = 0,0125
dich Y thu duoc 220,11 gam mu6'i khan. Tinh ph^n tram kh6'i luong m6i kim S6' mol HNO3 tham gia phan iJng = s6' mol HNO3 tao khi + s6 mol HNO3 tao
loai trong h6n hop A. mu6'i = 0,025 + 0,05 + 0,275 + 8. 0,0125 = 0,475 (mol)
---rsi.'Ci'.V'v: Hu&ngddngidi ' +
0,475
Dat s6 mol ciia NO va N 2 O Mn luot la a va b, ta c6: ''HNO3 = 0,95(1).
0,5
a..b = i ^ = 0,45 cau 7: H6a tan hoan toan 30,0 gam h6n hop X g6m Mg, A l , Zn trong dung dich
22,4 a = 0,15
OS IV' -(7 • HNO3, sau khi phan ling ket thuc thu duoc dung djch Y va h6n hop khi g6m 0,1
59 b = 0,3 mol NjO va 0,1 mol NO. C6 can c^n than dung dich sau phan ihig thu duoc 127
30a + 44b = —.2.0,45 = 17,7
gam mu6'i. Tinh s6' mol HNO3 t6'i thiû cin de tham gia cac phan ling tren.
Dat s6' mol cua A l va Mg Mn luot la x va y, ta c6: 27x + 24y = 31,89 (1) Hu&ng ddn gidi
Khi cho h6n hop A tac dung vdi dung dich HNO3: Dat s6' mol Mg, A l , Zn Mn luot la x, y, z mol.
Al > A l ' ^ + 3e Mg Mg^^ + 2e Cac ban phan iJng:
x X 3x y y 2y Cha'tkhix: Mg - 2 e - > M g .2+
'
+ 3e H . N^^ + 4e N^' X 2x
0,45 0,15 2,4 0,6 Al - 3e -J ' A P .'(VS'X). '
Ne'u san p h ^ khiJr chi c6 NO va NÔ thi:

y 3y
m^„,i = 31,89 + 62. (0,45 + 2,4) = 208,59 gam < 220,11 gam: V6 If
Zn - 2e - > Z n 2 +
= > C O mu6'i NH4NO3 tao thanh trong dung djch Y
z 2z
N*' + 8e N-^
T6ng s6' mol electron chflt khijr nhucmg Ik: 2x + 3y + 2z
8z
Cac mu6'i tao ra la Mg(N03)2: x mol, A1(N03)3: y mol, Zn(N03)2: z mol s6' mo
. Ta c6: 3x + 2y = 0,45 + 2,4 + 8z hay 3x + 2y - 8z = 2,85 (2) mil •
g6c NO3 trong mu6'i = 2x + 3y + 2z
Matkhac:213x+148y + 80z = 220,ll (3)
Giai he (1), (2), (3) ta duoc: x = 0,47; y = 0,8; z = 0,02 Gia sir san phdm khu HNO3 chi c6 N 2 O va NO thi tdng s6' mol electron chSft oxi
0,47.27.100% hoa nhan la: 0,1.8+ 0,1.3= 1,1 mol
Vay: %A1 = = 39,79% Phuong trinh bao toan electron: 2x + 3y + 2z = 1,1
31,89
%Mg = 100% - 39,79 = 60,21 % . 165
—> s6mol g6c NO3" trong m u D i ^ 2x + 3y + 2z = 1,1
^ n H N 0 3 =n^+ = l , 4 + 10x(mol);nH2o=0.7 + 3x(mol)
Vay khd'i lucmg mu6'i khan thu diroc la:
m„„i; = n i K L + m„i,„, = 30 + 62.1,1 = 98,2 g a m < 127 (theo bî cho) -jTieo phuong phdp bao toan khdi luong ta c6:
Chihig to ngoai N2O va NO, san ph^m khu H N O 3 con CO NH4NO3 m i c i m i o a i + ' ^ H N O j = m„,„tfi + m , + mHô ''''''''''''''' 'T',^:^'^^
Goi s6' mol NH4NO3 tao ra la a mol;
^ 25,3 + 63(1,4 + lOx) = 122,3+ 7,4 +18(0,7+ 3 x ) = > x = 0,05
S6 mol electron ma chSit oxi hoa nhan la: n f:^^^) s/ii if,, i 1
=:>nHN03 = l + 0'4 +10.0,05 = 1,9 (mol).
0,1. 8 + 0,1. 3 + 8a = 1,1 + 8a '^,^1,. , ,» <
Phuong trinh bao toan electron: 2x + 3y + 2z = 1,1 + 8a 9: Hoa tan hoan toan 12,42 gam A l bang m6t luong viifa du dung djch H N O 3
loang, thu duoc dung dich X va 1,344 lit (d dktc) hdn hop khi Y gdm hai khf
* ->s6'molg6'c N O ; trong mu6'i MgCNOj), + A K N O J ) , + Z n ( N 0 3 ) 2
N.O va N , . Ti khdi cua hdn hop khf Y so vdi khf H , la 18. Tfnh sd mol
2x + 3y + 2z = 1,1 +8a H N 6 3 da dung. .
'• KhO'i luong mu6'i tao thanh = kh6i luong M g ( N 0 3 ) 2 + A1(N03)3 + Z n ( N 0 3 ) , + Hu&ng dart gidi ;;:u.i
NH4NO3 = 30 + 62. (1,1 + 8a ) + 80a = 127
M2khf = 18.2 = 36
=> a = 0,05 mol v d .
Bao tokn nguydn t6' nito, ta c6: Goi a, b l^n lirot la sd mol cua NÔ va Nj
" fa + b = 0,06
S6' mol H N O 3 cSn phan iJng = s6' mol NO3" trong mu6'i 3 kim loai + s6' mol N
=>a = b = 0,03
trong N2O, NO, NH4NO3 = 1,1 + 8. 0,05 + 0,1. 2 + 0,1 + 0,05. 2 = 1,9 mol.
Cû 8: Hoa tan hoan toan 25,3 gam h6n hop X gdm Mg, A l , Zn blng dung dich [44a + 28b = 2,16 ' ^'
H N O 3 . Sau khi phan ting ka't thiic thu duoc dung dich Y va 4,48 lit (dktc) khf Z Al ^ Al^+ + 3e f + 3 N O ; ) (l)
(gdm hai hop chat khi khOng mau) c6 khdi lucmg 7,4 gam. C6 can dung djch Y
thu dugc 122,3 gam hdn hop mudi. Tinh so mol H N O 3 da tham gia phan ung. 0,46 mol 1,38 1,38
Hu&ng ddn gidi 2NO;+8e ^ N2O (2) 2NO; + 10e^N2 (3)

rf Z khdng mau => kh6ng c6 NOj 0,06 0,24 0,03 0,06 0,3 0,03
Cac khi la hop chat => kh6ng c6 N , Do sd mol electron Al nhudng > tdng sd mol electron H N O 3 nhan d^ tao NjO va
N, ntn sd mol electron du nay HNO3 se nhan de tao N H 4
=> Hai hop chat khf la NÔ va NO. .xt
n N 2 0 + "NO 4,48/22,4 rnN2o=0.1mol Sd mol electron do HNO3 nhan tao NH^ = l , 3 8 - ( 0 , 2 4 + 0,3) = 0,84 mol
Theo d l ta cd:
44.n N2O + 3 0 . n N o = 7 , 4 n^Q =0,1 mol NO; + 8e-»NH4 (4)
0,105 0,84 0,105 ' ' ^

Hdn hop mudi gdm M g ( N 0 3 ) 2 , Z n ( N 0 3 ) 2 , A 1 ( N 0 3 ) 3 NH4NO3
^ "HN03cSn "N03-(mutfi) + "N03-(oxi hoa)
Goi sd mol ciia N H 4 N O 3 la x mol (x ^ O).
= 1,38+ 0,105+ 0,06+ 0,06+ 0,105 = 1,71 (mol)
Ta cd cac qua trinh nhan electron:
Vay da dung 1,71 mol HNO3.
lOH^ + 2 N 0 ; + 8e -> N 2 O + SHjO
1 0,1 0,5 (mol) Dang 4: Hop chat tdc dung vdi axit nitric '
4 H ^ + NOJ + 3e NO + 2 H 2 O • U thuyet van dung va phuong phap giai:
0,4 0,1 0 , 2 (mol) Axit HN03tac dung duoc vdi nhieu hop chat (cd tfnh khu, tinh bazo,...)
H I ' »••
mi iTiidu: 3H2S + 2HN03(,) > 2S + 2N0 + 4H2O
iOH^ + 2 N 0 ; + 8e ^ NH4NO3 + 3H2O
lOx , ,. X 3x (mol) 3 F e O + IOHNO3,,) > 3Fe(N03)3 + NO + SHP
3 F e ( O H ) . + 1OHNO3 > 3Fe(N03)3 + NO + 8H2O

167
- Axit H N O 3 oxi ho^ cic hop chat sat (II) thknh hop chaft ( F e C N O , ) , ) : Hu&ng ddn giai
+2 ^HNO-, PhUffng phdp giai nhanh hai nay Id phuong phdp quy ddi nguyen tu (vi c6 su lap
Fe (FeO, FeClj, FeS04, FeCOj, Fe304, Fe(OH)2) Fe(N03)3
lai car nguyen to trong cdc hap chat). Ngodi ra kit hap dinh lugt hdo toan
- C6n cic hop chat sat (III) nhir oxit (FcjOj), hidroxit (Fe(OH)3) tac dung voi axjj
nguyen tdvd hdo toan electron de lap cdc phuang trinh dqi sd'.
H N O 3 theo kie'u axit - bazo:
FeÔj + 6HNO3 -> 2Fe(NO,)3 + 3 H , 0 K6't tiia dSu m BaS04: n^^^^ =^ = 0,2 (mol)
Fe(OH)3 + 3HNO3 —> Fe(N03)3 + 3H2O.

Kd'ttuasau laFe(OH)3: Hp^^Qj^^^^ =1^ = 0,1 (mol)
* Phirong phap giai nhanh cic bai tap dang n^y:
- Phirong phap bao toan electron. ^, .j , ,. y, Quy d6i h6n hop X thanh x mol Fe; y mol Cu z mol S i
- Phucng phap qui ddi. =s>56x + 64y + 32z = 18,4 (l)
- Phuong phap bao toan dien tich. * '
Mat khac: z = n ^ = nBaso4 =0,2 (bao toan nguyfin t6' luu huynh)
- Phtfong phap bao toan nguyen to. ^
'^^
' •
- Phuong ph^p sir dung phuong trinh ion thu gpn. j - i |Qt>5 itt?' Ta lai c6: x = np^ = Hp^^Q^^^ = 0,1 (bao toan nguyfin t6' sat)
- C^c cdng thurc de giai nhanh bai tap dang n^y: f\
+ C6ng thii'c tinh kh6'i luong mu6'i thu diroc khi cho h6n hop sit cdc oxit sat tac TO(l)=>yJMz^5*iz22*2=o., , C - i ^'
dung vdd H N O 3 dir, giai phong khi NO: +3 2+ +^
242 ' '• *
' T6ngs6'mol electron do F e F e ; Cu ^ Cu ; S-> S \k \. 1 v r
m (m
80 K i n hi?p + 24.nNo)
He (cho) = 0,1.3+ 0,1.2+ 0,2.6= 1,7 (mol) , v/i-
C6ng thiic tinh kh6'i lirong mu6'i thu duoc khi hok tan hfi't h6n hap g6m Fe, FeO, +5 +4
F e A . Fe304 bang H N O 3 dac, nong du giai ph6ng khi NO2:
=> T6ng s6' mol electron do N+ le - » N 1^ 1,7 (mol) S>''
242 , o x •
=>nN02 =1.7(mol)=>VN02 =1,7. 22,4 = 38,08(1)
80
C6ng thiic tinh khd'i luong sat da dung ban <iû, bie't oxi hoa luong sat n^y bang Dap an diing la B.
Thi du 2: D6t 5,6 gam Fe trong kh6ng khi, thu duoc h6n hop cha't ran X. Cho
oxi duoc h6n hop ran X. Ho^ tan hd't ran X trong H N O 3 dac, nong, du tao san
toan b6 X tac dung vdi dung dich H N O 3 loang (du), thu duoc khf NO (san
ph^m khix NO, duy nha't: ^ •
56 , „ , ' r :m ph^m
A. 18,0.
khu duy nha't) va dung dich chiJa m gam mu6'i. Gia tri ciia m la
B.22,4. C. 15,6. D. 24,2.
..! (Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoi B)
2. Cac thi du minh hoa: Hu&ng ddn giai
Thidu 1: Cho 18,4 gam h6n hop X g6m Cu2S,CuS,FeS2 va FeS tac dung het S6'mol sat: np^ =0,1 (mol) *
vdri HNO3 (dac ndng, du) thu duoc V lit khf chi c6 NO2 (o dktc, san phim So d6: Fe > FcjO,,Fe304,FeO,Fe > Fe(NO3 )3
khu duy nha't) va dung djch Y. Cho toan b6 Y vao m6t luong du dung dich
BaCl2 , thu duoc 46,6 gam ke't tiia; con khi cho toan b6 Y tac dung v6i dung
Bao toan nguydn tb'sat: np,(p,) = n^^^^^^^^^^^^ =^"Fe(N03)3 ="Fe =0,1 (mol)
dich NH3 du thu duoc 10,7 gam ket tiia. Gia tri ciia V 1^
A. 11.2. B. 38,08. C. 16,8. D. 24,64. Vay m =0,1.242 = 24,2(g) -4«.f»iiHi;0(-
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khoi A) £5ap an diing la D. • . ;
'l 4. :i:H0):;3?JC''
168 169
Thi du 3: Hoa tan hoan toan h6n hop g6m FeSj 0,24 mol CujS vô dung dich 0 +3
Fe - 3e > Fe
HNO3 vCra du thu duoc dung dich X (chi chiia hai mu6'i sunfat) va V l i t khi
X 3x(mol) X
NO duy nha't. Gia t r i cua V (dktc) la
Fe > Fe(N03)3
A . 34,048 B. 35,84 C. 31,36 D . 25,088
/No
(Trich de thi du bi dqi hoc) O
+ t
Huomg dan gidi
ft
Sor d6 phan ling: , ^< ^,\i>^-lA'. »• i +
I
2FeS2 - > F e 2 ( 5 0 4 ) 3 + S O ^ . , 1. * fcw'^ / " ON o >^
X
0,24 0,12(mol) •^\\ <l . . f , v « r > . i'l 3
o Fe, FeO, Fe304, FeÔj
C u 2 S ^ C u S 0 4 + Cu^^ Cu^^ + SO^- ^ C U S O 4 'A •
X x(mol) X -> X / .}f<n$i
=^x=0,12 (mol) •W'*^'-*^^;.- ••y t ,f 16
Qua trinh nhuomg, nhan electron: = > 2 4 x = l l , 3 6 - 5 6 x + 1,44 , 1i - ~
+2 - 1 + 3 + 6 +1 -2 +2 +« =:>80x= 1 2 , 8 z ^ x = 0 , 1 6 ( m o l )
FeS2 - > Fe + 2 S +15e ' " CU2S ^ 2 C u + S + lOe
Vay np,(N03)3 = n F e = x = 0,16 (mol)
0,24 ^ 3,6(mol) 0,12 l,2(mol)
^ "iFe(N03)3 = 0.16. 242 = 38,72 (g)
Tdng s6' m o l electron cho: 3,6 + 1,2 = 4 , 8 ( m o l )
Dap an dung la A .
+ 5 + 2 ,,
r/ijrfM 5: Nung m gam b6t sSt trong o x i , thu dirgfc 3 gam h6n hop chat ran X .
N +3e^N(NO) ;' ' '
Hoa tan het h6n hop X trong dung djch HNO3 (du), thoat ra 0,56 lit ( d dktc)
4,8->l,6(mol) , NO (la san ph^m k h u duy nha't). Gia t r i ciia m la
= > V N O = 1'6.22,4 = 35,84(1) A- 2,62. B. 2,32. ' C. 2,52. D . 2,22.
Dap an dung la B . _ ^ (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B)
Thi du 4: Cho 11,36 gam h6n hgfp g6m Fe, FeO, FeÔj va Fe304 phan ling het Huong ddn gidi
vdi dung djch HNO3 loang (du), thu duoc 1,344 l i t khi N O (san ph£m khir duy 0,56
Theo bai ra: nNo = -0,025(mol)
nha't, a dktc) va dung dich X . C6 can dung djch X thu duoc m gam mu6'i 22,4
khan. Gia tri ciia m la Ta c6 so dd:
A . 38,72. B. 49,09. C. 35,50. D . 34,36. 0 +3
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi A) Fe -3e Fe
Fe Fe(N03)3
C v : . ; . Hudtigddtigidi f:'vho''\ 0 0 3m
+
(mol)
, 1 344 00
56
t
1 Theobaira: = = 0,06(mol)
22,4 *•
Ta CO the hlnh dung theo so d6 nhu sau: O
' "•• !•'<•' '••0. 5,''' ' 3
o'
FeO, Fe304, FeÔj, Fe (du)
170 171
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vift
Tac6: ^ =^ + 3.0.025
56 8
Vi ^ n e c c h ) = Z"e(nh) ^^n- 2y = 2x + 0,45 (2)
=> 3m = 2 1 - 7 m + 4,2=:> 10m = 25,2 =>m = 2,52.
2) ta c6: x = 0,15; y = 0,375. ' '
Dap an dung la C.
Thl du 6: Hoa tan hoan toan h6n hcfp gdm 0,12 mol FeSj va a mol CujS vao axit Vfty: nl = mcu(N03)2 " ^ F e f N O j j j •>
H N O 3 (vira du), thu duoc dung dich X (chi chiia hai mu6'i sunfat) va khi duy
= 188. y + 180. 3x '
nha't NO. Gia tri ciia a Ik - < = 188.0,375+ 180.3.0,15 = 151,5 (gam).
A. 0,04. B. 0,075. C.0,12. D. 0,06. p^pdnûngjaB.
(TrichDelhituyen sinkDH - CD khoJA) r frhi
Thidu 8: Nung 2,23 gam h6n hop X g6m cac kim loai Fe, A l , Zn, M g trong oxi,
Hu&ng ddn gidi sau m6t then gian thu dugc 2,71 gam hOn hop Y. Hoa tan hoan tokn Y vao
dung djch H N O 3 (dir), thu diroc 0,672 lit khi NO (san phim khir duy nha't, a
Tac6sod6: • , , : J dktc). S6' mol H N O 3 da phan iJng la
2FeS, + Cu.S MTHÔ > Fe,(S04)3 + CUSO4 A. 0,12 B.0,14 C.0,16 D. 0,18
-NO-H2O
(Trich dethi tuyen sinh Dai hgckhoi B)
0,12(mol) a(mol) ...^ ' Hu&ng ddn gidi
:â= ^^^-0,06(mol) >?:Ji=-xte: Theobaira: nô = 0,03(mol) ''
* Sad6: X + Oj ^ Y
Dap an diing la D.
Thi du 7: Cho 61,2 gam h6n hop X g6m Cu vk Fe304 tac dung voi dung dich 2,23g 2,7 Kg)
H N O 3 loang, dun nong va khua'y dû. Sau khi cac phan ihig xay ra hoan toan, =>mo2 =2,71-2,23 = 0,48(g) =>no =0,48/16 = 0,03(mol)
thu duoc 3,36 lit khi NO (san ph^m khit duy nha't, 0 dktc), dung dich Y va -2
con lai 2,4 gam kim loai. C6 can dung dich Y, thu duoc m gam muoi khan. Sod6: O + 2e O
Gia trj ciia m la 0,03 -> 0,06 (mol)
A. 108,9. B. 151,5. C. 137,1. D. 97,5. ,;;yp,i li^ffb ,!i&y
(Trich De thi tuyen sink Dai hoc khd'i B) N + 3e - > N
Hu&ng ddn gidi
0,03 <-0,09 <-0,03 •
3 66
Theobaira: n N o = -— =0,15 (mol) ' V
=^L"e ( K L cho) = 0,06 + 0,09 = 0,15(mol)
i. 22,4 I I
Goi x, y \in lirot la s6' mol Fe304 va Cu phan iJng.
Theo bai ra, ta c6: 232x + 64y + 2,4 = 61,2 : ^ 232x + 64y = 58,8 (1) Vi electron va ion NOJ mang didn tich bang nhau ntn
VI Cu (kim loai) con du nen trong dung dich Y c6 hai loai mu6'i \k Cu(N03)i " N O J "'^''^('"Ô = " H N O 3 (mfiitmJmg)
Fe(N03)2. Do do c6 cac qua trinh cho - nhan electron xay ra la:
" H N 0 3 (bikhir) = n N o =0,03(mol) '• ' - ^ : i *''4 r ' ^ U : ; - ' /
Cu - 2e > Cu-* ^®
% t6ng s6'mol HNO3 cdn diing: H H N O J = 0,03 + 0,15 = 0,18(mol).
2 '
- . ^ ^ a n dung la D.
y 2y y 3x 3. — X 3x *
^ht du 9: Hoa tan het 0,03 mol m6t oxit sat c6 c6ng thiic Fe,0, vao dung dich
+5 +2
3e > N H N O 3 loang du thu duoc 0,01 mol mot oxit nita c6 c6ng thitc N,0, (san ph^m
0,45 0,15 (mol) ^hxi duy nha't). Md'i quan h6 gifra x, y, z, t la

A.27x+18y = 5z-2t B. 9x - 8y = 5z - 2t
172 C ^ x - 2y = 5z - 2t D. 9x - 6y = 5z - 2t^
Hu&ng ddn gidi 2: Cho 13,12 gam h6n hop X g6m Fe, Fe,04, Fe,©, vao dung djch HNO,
Sa 66 phan irng: Fe.Oy + HNO, FeCNOj), + N A + H.O ^,, . loang, dir thu duoc san pha'm khir g6m hai khi NO, NjO c6 thd' ti'ch V lit (dktc)
Ta CO cac qua trinh nhuomg - nhan electron nhu sau: ^, va CO ti khoi so vdfi la 18,5. Mat khac n6'u cho cung luong X trfin tac dung v6i
+2y/x +3
khi CO du thi sau khi phan ting hoan toan thu diroc 9,8 gam Fe. Gia trj cua V la
A. 0,448 B. 3.136 C. 2,24 ,j D. 3,36
X Fe - (3x -2y)e ^ x F e
^ Hu&ng ddn gidi
v ^ ^ . . . ' 0,03 0,03(3x - 2y) (mol) • ' " ; Ta CO sod6 sau:
zN + (5z-2t)e->z N
0,01(5z-2t)<-0,01 (mol) ;
•^-^'°'-;-''';;"C'^(N03),
0+2e^ O N N, N
^«'''*::^
, \,'
Ta c6: 0,03. (3x - 2y) = 0,1. (5z - 2t) => 9x - 6y = 5z - 2t '
• mjoj =13,12-9,8 = 3,32(g)=^njo] =0,2075(mol)
Dap an dung la D.
Thidu 10: Khi hoa tan 30,0 gam h6n hop ddng va d6ng (II) oxit trong dung dich Up, = — = 0,175 (mol) • '' ..
HNO3 1,00M lay du, tha'y thoat ra 6,72 lit khi NO (6 dktc). Kh6'i luqmg cua
ddng (II) oxit trong h6n hgfp ban dû Qua trinh cho - nhan electron: ' » 11 .
A. 1,20 g. B.4,25g. C.l,88g. D- 2.52 g.
F^ ->Fe^+ +3e O + 2e -> O^"
Hu&ng ddn gidi
0,175-> 0,525(mol) 0,2075-^ 0,415(mol)
, ; 3Cu + 8HNO3 ^ 3Cu(N03)3 + 2NOt + ^ , 0 (1)
+s +2 +5 +1
CuO + 2 H N O 3 C u ( N 0 3 ) ; + H2O (2)
N + 3e -> N 2 N + 2.4e -> 2 N
n,o= ^ = 0,30 (mol) => nc„= ^1^:^ = 0,45 (mol) 3x <- X '"-'^'^ 8y <r- 2y ./.^.y; ^^^-^''^
=> 0,415 + 3x + 8y = 0,525 =^ 3x + 8y = 0,11 (1)

mc„ = 0,45 . 64 = 28,8 (gam)
30x + 44v
Kh6'i luong CuO trong h6n hop ban dSu: mcuo = 30,0 - 28,8 = 1,20(g) Mat khac: ^ = 18,5.2 = 37 zr>7x = 7 y ^ x = y (2)
X +y ^^
Dap an dung la A. -;,;,,V,,:. i,,;;^,,,.;,.;'
T i r ( l , 2 ) =^x = y=0,01
3. Cac bai tap tu l u y e n : "• ' ^ * ^ -.^
Cau 1: Hoa tan het m gam h6n hop FeSi va CujS trong dung dich HNO3, sau cac Vay V = (x + y).22,4 = (0,01 + 0,01).22,4 = 0.448(l)
phan ung hoan toan thu duoc dung djch X chi c6 2 chat tan, vdd t6ng khd'i lucmg Dap an diing la A.
cdc chat tan la 72 gam. Gia trj cua m la C a u 3: Nung 1,92 gam h6n hop b6t X g6m Fe va S trong binh kin khdng c6 kh6ng
A. 60 B.40 C.20 D. 80 ' khf, sau m6t thcfi gian thu duoc chat rSn Y. Hoa tan het Y trong dung djch HNO3
Hu&ng ddn gidi dac, nong, du thu duoc dung djch Z va V lit khi thoat ra (dktc). Cho Z tac dung
Vi chi thu diroc hai chat tan trong dung dich sau phan ling => Hal chat tan do la vdi dung djch BaCU du thu duoc 5,825 gam ke't tua. Gia trj cua V la
CUSO4 va Fe:(S04)3: A. 4,704 B. 1,568 C. 3,136 ' D. 1,344
So d6 phan ung: Hu&ng ddn gidi
2FeS2 + CU2S -> F e , ( S 0 4 ) + 2CUSO4 5 825
Ket tua la BaS04: n^^^^ - = 0,025(mol) > ,
2x <- x ^ X ^ 2x (mol)
Ta tha'y: n^^j^^ = "BaS04 = 0,025(mol) (bao toan nguydn t6' luu huynh)
Theo bai ra: 400.x + 160.2x = 72 => 720x - 72 x = 0,1
=>ms(x) =0,025.32 = 0,8(gam) * «
V a y m = 2.0,1.120 + 0,1.160 = 40(g)
Dap an dung la B. " i F e ( x ) = ' ' 9 2 - 0 . 8 = l,I2(gam)
> n N a O H = 0 ' 2 + 0,2 + 0,6 = l , 0 ( m o l )
- > n p , ( x ) = ^ = 0.02(mol)
, V = 1^ = 1,0(1) = 1000(ml)
Qua trinh cho - nhan electron:
0
3+ ->Cu0 + H20
Fe - 3e ->Fe S - 6e ->s^(so2-) Cu(OH)2
0,02 - » 0,06 0,025-^0,15 0,2 0,2

+5
N + le -)-N(N02)
2 F e ( O H ) 3 — ^ F e 2 0 3 + 3H2O
V V 0,2 -> 0,1
227"*~22~4 ..f. H'^li J,.;

Ta tha'y 0,2.80+ 0,1.160 = 32(g) (thoa man d u k i e n b a i r a ) . vi
Dap an diing la A. _ ,,„.

Theo dinh luat bao to^n electron, ta c6: 0,06 + 0,15 = . V = : 4,704 (lit)
22,4
D£p dung la A. Lam tuong t u => Khong thoa man dO kifin cho ctia bai ra => loai.
C ^ u 4: A la hop chat chiia sat. Cho m6t luong A tac dung vdri dung djch HNO3 dac, Cau 5: DSn 0,5 mol h6n hop khi g6m H , va CO c6 ti.khd'i so vdri H , la 4,5 qua 6'ng
vira du, thu diroc dung djch X va 76,16 lit khi N O 2 (chat khi duy nha't, do 6 dung 0,4 mol Fe.Oj va 0,2 mol CuO d6't ndng. Sau phan umg hoan toan, cho chat
dktc). Cho tir tir V (ml) dung djch NaOH I M tac dung vira he't vdri dung dich X, f ran trong 6'ng vao dung dich H N O , loang, du thu duoc V lit k h i N O (san ph£m
diroc kd't tua Y. Nung tohn b6 luong ket tua Y trong kh6ng khi de'n kh6'i luong khir duy nha't, a dktc). Gia trj ciia V la
kh6ng d6i duoc 32 gam chat ran. Gia tri nho nha't cua V 1^ A. 7,467 B. 34,720 C. 3,730 D. 20,907
A. 1000. „ , C. 1200. D. 1800. Hu&ng ddn gidi
Hu&ng ddn gidi H2(C0) + [0 H20(C02)
Sod6:
T h e o b a i r a : n ^ O j = 3,4 (mol)
0,5
v^,w
->' 0,5 \ (mol)/
Trong 32 gam chat ran thu duoc chac chan c6 FejOj Trong h6n hop oxit k i m loai c6 0,4. 3 + 0,2. 1 = 1,4 mol [O] •i
2. 32 => H6n hop H 3 , CO phan umg hd't.
=> npe (.ro„g A ) ^ —77- = 0,4 (mol) => n^ < 0,4 (mol)
I6U Qua trinh nhudmg electron ciia H,, CO:
Ta tha'y, tir t6'i da 0,4 mol A tao ra duoc 3,4 mol N O , A c6 t h ^ 1^ FeSz hoac 0 f +2 ^ +1 f +4 \
CuFeS,. 'r -.A- H2 CO >2H CO2 + 2e
* Nafu A la CuFeS^: - .
0,5 -> l(mol)
2CuFeS2 + 36HNO3 -> CUSO4 + Fe2 (804)^ + C U ( N 0 3 ) 2 + 3 4 N 0 2 + I S H j O
+5
0,1 <- 0,1 <r- 0,1 <- 3,4(mol) Qua trinh nhan electron ciia N :
( V CO gia tri nho nha't khi trong phan ling nay kh6ng sinh ra H j S O J . +5 +2
N + 3e N(NO)
CUSO4 + 2 N a O H ^ C u ( O H ) 2 4+Na2S04
1 • > l/3(mol) J .
0,1 -> 0,2 -> 0,1 ^{iii,
+5
Cu{N03)2 + 2 N a O H - > C u ( O H ) 2 i + 2 N a N 0 3 ^^•^•u'a',
(S6' mol electron do H,, CO nhudmg bang s6' mol electron do N nhan)
0,1 -> 0,2 -> 0,1 :
Vay V = 1 ^ ^ = 7,467(1) '
Fe2 (504)^ + 6 N a O H -> 2Fe(OH)3 i +3Na2S04
0,1 _> 0,6 -> 0,2 Dap an diing la A. ^

177
Cau 6: K h i ho^ tan 30,0 gam h6n hop d6ng va d6ng (II) oxit trong 1,50 lit dung Fe^^+30H- .Fe(OH)3i (6)
dich axit nitric 1,00M (loang) tha'y thoat ra 6,72 lit nito monoxit (dktc). Xac
,2- . BaS04 i (7)
dinh ham lirong phSn t r i m ciia d6ng (II) oxit trong h6n hop, n6ng d6 mol cua Ba'^+SO
d6ng (II) nitrat va axit nitric trong dung dich sau phan ung, bid't rSng thd' tich Quy d6i h6n hop X thanh h6n hop g6m Fe va S vdri s6' m o l tuong umg la x va y;
dung dich khdng thay d6i. : .,
ta CO so do: ;,
Hu&ng ddn gidi 3+ Fe(OH)3
Fe Fe^^
6,72
Theobaira: nis4Q=—^— = 0 , 3 ( m o l ) ; nHN03 ~ ^-^'^ = l , 5 ( m o l ) X mol +HNO3
X mol +Ba(OH)2 X mol
22,4
so^ BaSO^
S
PTHH: 3Cu + 8 H N O 3 > 3 C U ( N 0 3 ) 2 + 2NO + 4 H 2 O (1)
I y mol [ y mol [y
T h e o ( l ) t i n h d u q ( c ncu = 0 , 4 5 m o l m^^ = 28,8 ( g a m ) . 56x + 3 2 y - 2 0 , 8 _^ fx = 0,2 m o l
"HNO3 = 1-2 ( m o l ) ; nc„(N03)2 0,45(mol) Theo bai ra ta c6 ht: 107x + 233y = 91,3 \ = 0,3mol
m c u o = 3 0 - 2 8 , 8 = l,2(g) ^ nc„o = 0 , 0 1 5 ( m o l ) Ta c6:
Fe Fe^' +3e
¥ P T H H : CuO + 2HNO3 > CU(N03)2 + H2O (2)
0,2 m o l 3.0,2 mol
• J: Theo (2) ta tinh duoc nHNOj =0,03 (mol); ^^^(tio^)^ =0,015 (mol)
S -> S^^ +6e
1 2 100% 0,3 mol 6.0,3 mol
PhSn tram kh6'i luong CuO: %mcuo = — =4,0% T+4
N^-' + le-
T& (1, 2) ta tinh duoc &6 mol H N O 3 du la 0,27 (mol)
a mol a mol ^ ' f
Ndng d6 H N O 3 sau phan ling = 0,18M
Bao toan electron ta c6: a = 0,6 + 1,8 = 2,4 mol ^ V = 53,76 l i t .
N6ng d6 mol ctia Cu(N03)2 = 0,3 IM.
Cau 7: Cho 20,80 gam h6n hop X gdm Fe, FeS, FeSj tac dung vdi dung dich
Ta c6: . i l f i - = M = - ^ C6ng (1) nhSn 2 vdi (4) nhan 3 ta c6:
H N O j dac, nong (dir) thu duoc V l i t k h i N O , (la san ph^m khiJf duy nhtft, do ng 0,3 3
b dktc) va dung dich A . Cho A tac dung vdi dung dich Ba(OH)2 d u thu duoc
2 Fe + 6 H ^ + 3 N 0 3 - > F e ^ * + 3 N 0 2 t + 3 H 2 0
91,30 gam ke't tiia.
1. Vi^'t cac phuomg trinh phan ling xay ra dudi dang phuomg trinh ion nit gon. 3 S + 4H*+6N03 ^SO^-+6N02 t+2H20
2. Tinh V . Tinh s6' mol HNO3 t6'i thid'u cin diing de hoa tan hoan toan h6n hop X. 2Fe + 3S + 24H^ + 2 4 N O 3 ^ 2Fe^^ + SSO^" + 2 4 N 0 2 t + I 2 H 2 O
Hu&ng ddn gidi
1. Cac phuong trinh phan ling: Luomg toi thia'u H N O 3 cAn dung: nHN03 = 1^^+ = " ^ o " ^ ^ ' ^ '"^^'
Fe + 6 H * + 3 N O 3 ^ Fe^^ + 3NO2 t + 3 H 2 O u 8 : Hoa tan hoan toan hdn hop FeS va FeC03 bang dung dich H N O 3 dac, non
(1)
thu duoc h6n hop khf A g6m hai khi X va Y c6 ty khd'i so vdi hidro bang 22,805.
FeS + l O H ^ + 9 N O 3 - > Fe^^ + SO^" + 9 N O 2 t + 5 H 2 O (2)
a. T i n h phSn tram khoi luong m 6 i mu6'i trong hdn hop dSu.
F e S 2 + 1 4 H * + I 5 N O 3 - > Fe^^ + 2SO^~ + I 5 N O 2 t + 7 H 2 O (3) b. Lam lanh hdn hop k h i A xud'ng nhiet d6 tha'p hon thi thu duoc hdn hop khi B
S + 4 H ^ + 6 N O 3 - > S04~ + 6 N O 2 T + 2 H 2 O gdm 3 k h i X , Y , Z cd ty khd'i so vdi hidro bang 30,61. Tinh % khi X bj dime h d
(4)
thanh k h i Z . Hay cho biet phan umg dime hda la toa nhiet hay thu nhiet vk mau
Dung dich sau phan ling c6: F e ^ ^ , S 0 4 " , H * , N 0 3 ciia hdn hop bie'n ddi nhu the nao khi lam lanh no?
Huong ddn gidi
+ OH- H2O (5)
Cac phuong trinh hoa hoc:
178 17
FeS + lOH* + 9NO3- -> Fe'" + + QNO^t + 5H,0 3Ag + + NO3 -> 3Ag^ NO + 2H2O
a 9a
3FeO + NO3 + lOH^ ^ - 3Fe^^ + NO + 5H2O
FeCOj + 4H* + NOf Fe'" + CO.t + N O j t + 2H.O ;
b b b - 2. Cac thi du minh hoa:
a) Goi a, b la s6' mol m6i mu6'i trong h6n hap. ffii du I: Hoa tan Au bang nu6c cucmg toan thi san ph^m khijf 1^ NO; hoa tan
44b + (9a + b).46 Ag trong dung djch HNO3 dac thi san p h ^ khu la NO2. s6' mol NOj
• ^ x . v , „ , = ^ ^ ^ L _ i _ = , 2 . 8 0 5 ^ b = 2,877a
bang s6'mol NO thi ti 16 s6'mol Ag va Au tuong ling la
Chon a = l , b = 2,877(mol) - A. 1:2. B. 3 : 1 . C. 1 : 1. D. 1 : 3.
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khoi B)
Tinh duoc; %FeS = 20,87%; %FeC03 = 79,13%. ,; ' ' on. r
b) Phan ling dime hoa NO2: ' \ ' Hu&ng ddn giai
2NO3 ^ N304.^,,, • PTHH xay ra: »
n^: 11,877a :v7;;;v^^tii>p,.ett•.^^^^^ Au + HNO3 + 3HC1-» AuClj + NO + 2H2O
np„ :'-v 2x ' '^xi'' -''^.v••.•;',.'::>;:;| . • •, -o:... ^ Ag + 2 H N 0 3 - > A g N 0 3 + N02 + H20
: 11,877a-2x x, 'C02 = b
nco-, ,!sft • Di nô = nN02 n^g = nû
_ (11,877a - 2 x ) . 46 + 44b + 92x _ DapandiinglaC. i,

^•^•^^"2- (ll,877a-2x + b + x).2 ~, Thi du 2: Cho 3,2 gam Cu tac dung vdi 100 ml dung djch h6n hop HNO3 0,8M
va H2SO4 0,2M, san phdm khiJt duy nha't la khi NO. S6' gam mu6'i khan thu
Thay b = 2,877 ->• - = 3,762 ^ x = 3,762a
dugc la ^ ,, i , ...
S6'mol NO2 bj dime hoa la 2x. i f n A. 7,90 B. 8,84 C. 5,64 D. 10,08 ' ' ' '
, , Cfrich de thi du bi dai hoc)
%N02 bi dime hoa = ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ = 63,35%.
^ • 11,877a • Hu&ng ddn gidi •
- Phan iJng dime hoa didn ra khi lam lanh va khi do mau ciia h6n hop nhat din. De giai hdi nay hat hudc phdi sU dung phucfng trinh ion riit gon. Muoi trong
- can bang dich ve phai khi ha nhiet d6 => Phan ung dime hoa la toa nhiet. dung dich thu duc/c gom c6 muoi sunfat vd muoi nitrat (di/a vdo sU hdo toan
nguyen to nita ta xdc dinh duac so mol ion nitrat tao mud'i)
Dang 5: Cdc chat tdc dung voi hon harp axit (HNO^, HCl, H^SO^) S6 mol cac chat: nc^ = ^ = 0,05 (mol); nHN03 = 0,1.0,8 = 0,08(mol)
1. L i thuyet van dung va phiromg phap giai: 5 « nH2S04-0,1.0,2 = 0,02(mol)

- Nu6c cucyng thuy (con goi la nu6c cucmg toan) \h dung dich chiJa h6n hop
HNO, va HCl theo ti Id 1 : 3 vd s6' mol. Nu6c cuomg thuy hoa tan dirge Au, Pt |:>n^^ =0,08+ 0,02.2 = 0,12 (mol)
(khong hoa tan dugc kirn loai Ag vi tao ra kd't tiia AgCl can tro phan ling):
n -0,08(mol); n =0,02(mol)
Au + HNO3 + 3 HCl > AuClj + 4NO + 2H2O NO3
,, Pt + 4HNO3 + 12Ha > PtCl4 + 4 N 0 + 8H2O 3Cu + 8H" + 2NO3 - . 3 C u 2 U 2 N O + 4H20
Ag + HNO3 + 3 H a > 3AgCl 4 + NO + 2H2O 0,045<-0,12->0,03 ->0,045 ' p '

- Phuong phap giai bai tap dang nay la sir dung phuong trinh ion riit gon. -finiM 0,12 0,05 0,08
Vi n6n H* phan ling h6't.
- M6t s6' phuong trinh ion thu gon thiromg gap: 8
3Cu + 8H^ + 2NO3->3Cu^^+2NO + 4H20 Suy ra: n (tao mu6'i) = 0,08 - 0,03 = 0,02 (mol)
, NO3
, 181
180
Vay khd'i lucmg mu6'i khan thu duoc: :^n^^ =0,015.2 + 0,06 = 0,09(mol); n^^_ =0,06(mol)
"'Cu(N03)2 CUSO4 ^^2+ ^Q- 5Q2- I

Trong X c o : Cu(4x mol); Ag(x mol). -
=> m = 0,045.64 + 0,05.62 + 0,02.96 = 7,90(g) j.,,,,; ^ Tac6: 4x.64+ x. 108 = 1,82 =:>364x = 1,82 => x =0,005
Dap an diing la A. . • 3Cu + 8H^ + 2NO3 ^ 33Cu^^+2NO
Cu2+ + 4H20
Thi du 3: Cho 7,68 gam Cu vao 200 ml dung dich g6m HNO3 0,6M va HjSO, Phan ling: 0,02 ^ 0,16/3->• 0,04/3 ^ 0,04/3
0,5M. Sau khi cac phan utig xay ra hoan loan (san ph^m khu duy nha't la Con: 0 0,11/3 0,14/3
NO), c6 can c^n than toan b6 dung dich sau phan ting thi kh6'i luong mu6'i 3Ag + 4H+ + NOJ ^ 3Ag* + NO + 2H2O
khan thu duoc la
Banddu: 0,005 0,11/3 0,14/3 , .
A. 20,16 gam. B. 19,76 gam. C. 19,20 gam. D. 22,56 gam. 0,005/3
, (Trich de tuyen sink Dai hoc khoiA) Phan ling: 0,005
0,04 0,005 0,045 \ „ ',7
Vii ; Hu&ng ddn gidi • ---^ = 0,015(mol)
Phirong phap giai bai nay: Tirong tir cau 2 cr trdn.
S6'molcaccha't: ncu = — = 0,12(mol);

64
"HNOJ = 0,2.0,6 = 0,12(mol);nH2S04 - 0 , 2 . 0 , 5 - 0 , l ( m o l )
=>n^+ =0,12 + 0,1.2 = 0,32(mol)
n _ =0,12(mol);n , =0,l(mol)
3Cu + 8H^ + 2NO3 ^ 3 C u 2 ^ + 2 N O + 4H20

Phan ling: 0,12 -> 0,32 -> 0,08 -> 0,12
Con: 0 0 0,04 0,12 =:0,1M =>pH = z = l
Kh6'i luong mud'i thu duoc: m = m 9, + m , ,+m ,
• " ^ • Cu^+ NOJ(sau) SO|" Dap an dung la A.
Thi du 5: Cho 3,2 gam b6t Cu tac dung vdi 100 ml dung dich h6n hop g6m
=^ m = 7,68 + 0,04.62 + 0,1.96 = 19,76 (gam)
HNO3 0,8M va H2SO4 0,2M. Sau khi cac phan ling xay ra hokn to^n, sinh ra
Dap an dung la B. V lit khi NO (san ph^m khu duy nha't, b dktc). Gia tri cua V la
A. 0,448. B. 0,792. C. 0,672. D. 0,746.
Thi du 4: Cho 1,82 gam h6n hop b6t X g6m Cu va Ag (ti 16 s6' mol tuong ting
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khdi A)
4:1) vô 30 ml dung dich g6m H2SO4 0,5M v^ HNO3 2 M , sau khi cdc phan
ling xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc a mol khi NO (san ph^m khu duy nha't cua Hu&ng ddn gidi
N*'). Tr6n a mol NO trdn vdi 0,1 mol O, thu duoc h6n hop khi Y. Cho toan De gidi nhanh hdi nay can thiet phdi su dung phucfng trinh ion rut gon. Chu
b6 Y tac dung vdi H3O, thu duoc 150 ml dung dich c6 pH = z. Gia tri ciia z la tinh theo ion phan icng hit (dua vao ti le so mol cac ion vdi he sd'ciia cac ion do
A. 1. B. 3. C. 2. D.4. trong phucmg trinh ion riit gpn, ion cd ti le nhd nhdt se Id ion phan vcng het
(Trich de tuyen sink Dai hgc khoiB) thdng thudng trong nhieu hai tap Id ion H*).
32 v< •
Hu&ng ddn gidi 86' mol cac chat: ncu = — = 0,05 (mol); '•
S6'mol cdc chat: n^^^^^ =0,015(mol); nHNOj =0,06 (mol)
183
nHNo 3 = 0,1.0,8 = 0,08 (mol); n ^^^so4 = 0,1 0,2 = 0,02 (mol) pXPlT: 3Cu + 2NO3 + 8H^ - -> 3Cu-* + 2 N O + 4H2O
=> = nHN0 3 + 2n H 2 S O 4 = 0-08 + 2.0,02 = 0,12 (mol) BandSu 0,06 0,08 0,16
phan ling: 0,06-> 0,04 0,16 0,04 (mol)
" N O T " " " N O 3 =0,08 (mol)
0,06.2
Suyra: nN0(2)-
= 0,04 (mol)
PTPir: 3Cu + 2NO; + 8H* -> 3Cu'* + 2NO + 4H2O
Bandû: 0,05 0,08 0,12 (mol) E)6'i vdi chat khi, trong cung didu kien, ti 16 v^ s6' mol cung bang ti 16 v6 th^ tich
n6n: nNO(2) =2. nNO(i) =>V2 = 2V|. ,,,,„,, it) t : 1
Phan ixng: 0,045 <- 0,03 <- 0,12 (mol) 0,03 (mol)
E)ap an dung la B.
0,12.2
=> nNo = - = 0,03(mol) 'rhfdii 7: Khi hoa tan hoan toan 0,02 mol Au bang nu6c cucmg toan thi s6 mol
8 HCl phan irng va s6' mol NO (san phdm khir duy nha't) tao thanh \ir\t la
= 0,03. 22,4 = 0,672 (lit). A. 0,06 va 0,01. B. 0,03 va 0,01. C. 0,06 va 0,02. D. 0,03 va 0,02.
Dap an diing la C . , ,2 (Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi B)
Thidu 6: Thuc hidn hai thf nghidm: Hu&ng dan giai ' -' " i
1) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phan ling vdi 80 ml dung djch H N O 3 I M thoat ra V, lit Nuoc cucmg toan la h6n hop axit H C l va HNO3, c6 l^ha nang hoa tan vang:
khi NO.
Au + 3Ha + HNO3 > AICI3 + NOt + 2H2O
2) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phan ung vdi 80 ml dung dich chiia H N O 3 I M va H2SO4
0,5M thoat ra lit khi NO. 0,02 - > 0,06 (mol) 0,02 (mol)
Bid't NO la san ph^m khu duy nha't, cac thd' ti'ch khi do a cung diû kidn. Vay HHC, = 0,06 (mol); nô = 0,02 (mol). ,
Quan he giira V, v^ V , la Dap an diing la C .
A. V 2 = 1 , 5 V , . B. V , = 2V,. ''^'-'^f .
:ac bai tap tir luyen:
C . V , = 2,5V,. D. V2 = V,.
(Trich Be thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi B) Cku 1: Hoa tan h6't 5,36 gam h6n hop FeO, FeÔj va Fe304 trong dung djch chira
> ' . i ^^ Ilu&ngdangiai 0,03 mol HNO3 va 0,18 mol H2SO4, ket thiic phan ling thu duoc dung djch X va
giai nhanh bai nay cin thid't phai sir dung phuong trinh ion riit gon. Chii y 0,01 mol khi NO. Cho 0,02 mol b6t Cu tac dung h6't vdi ^ dung djch X, thu
tinh theo ion phan ung hd't (dua vao ti 16 s6' mol cac ion vdi hd s6' ciia cac ion do
trong phuong trinh ion rut gon, ion c6 ti 16 nho nha't se la ion phan ting h6't, duoc dung djch Y. Kh6'i luong Fe2(S04)3 chiia trong dung djch Y la (Bi6't NO la
thdng thuomg trong nhilu bki tap la ion H"^). san ph^m khir duy nha't).
A. 20 gam B. 10 gam C. 24 gam D. 5 gam ,
S6'mol kim loai Cu: nc^ = = 0,06(mol). '
Hu&ng ddn giai
64
* T h i n g h i d m l : nHNOj = 0,080.1 = 0,08 (mol) Khi giai hai nay can chii y mot sd'noi dung sau:
Quy dot Fe,04 ->FeiOj.FeO ''
PTPU": 3Cu + 8HNO3 > 3Cu(N03)2 + 2 N 0 + 4H2O
Ion NO3 / H"^ CO tinh oxi hoa ntanh Hon Fe^*
Banddu 0,06 0,08 (mol)
Phaniing: 0,03 <-0,08 0,02(mol) Dung dich Y hit ion NO3 (lii khi? thanh NO) nen trong Y c6 FesiSO,),, FeSO,
0,08.2 va H2SO4.
Suyra: n. ' N O ( I ) — • = 0,02(mol)
8 S6'mol cac ion: n =0,03 (mol); n , =0,03 + 0,18.2 = 0,39 (mol)
NO3
Thf nghidm 2: HHNOJ = 0,08 mol; n H2SO4 = 0,08.0,5 = 0,04 (mol)
Vi Fe304 = Fe203. FeO n6n c6 th6' coi h6n hop FeO, Fe203 va Fe304 la h6n hop
" N O J =0,08 mol; n^^ = 0,08 + 0,04.2 = 0,16 (mol) FeO (x mol) va Fe203 (y mol)
184 185
PTPLT: 3 F e O + N O 3 + 10H+ -> SFe^^ + N O + 5 H 2 O 0,004
= 0,01 = 10"^ M
X ^ x/3 -> lOx/3 X ^ x/3 ' 0,4
FcjOj+eH^ ->2Fe^++3H20 ; pH = - l g [ H ^ ] = - l g ( l O - 2 ) = 2,0
y —> 6y —> 2 y .^Jsn) i/' Dap an dung la A.

72x + 160y = 5,36 Qû 3: Cho a mol Cu tac dung voi 120 m l dung dich A g6m H N O 3 I M va H 2 S O 4
Theo bai ra, ta c6: <j X = 0,03; y = 0,02 ^ 0,5M (loang), thu duoc V 1ft khf N O (san ph^m k h u duy nha't a dktc).
^-0,01
a) Tfnh V , biet r i n g phan ling xay ra hoan toan.
b) Gia si^ khi phan utig xay ra hoan toan, lucmg Cu k i m loai khong tan h6't thi
Trong dung dich X c6: 0,07 mol Fe^*; 0,02 mol N O J va 0,27 m o l H * ' lucfng mu6'i khan thu ducKc la bao nhi6u gam?
=> 1/2 dung djch X c6: 0,035 mol Fe^^ 0,01 mol N O J v^ 0,135 mol Hu&ng ddn gidi ^ ' ' •i'fl^ ^
a) Tfnh VNO- ,: V ,
PTPU: 3Cu + 2NO3 + 8 H + ^ 3 C u 2 + + 2 N O + 4H20
Theo bai ra ta c6: n^^Qy^ = 0,12(mol);np,2so4 = 0 , 0 6 ( m o l )
Ban ddu: 0,02 0,01 0,135
Phan ung: 0,015 < - 0 , 0 1 • 0,04 \:;r;, => S6' mol H^ = 0,24; s6' mol N O J = 0,12; s6' mol SO^" = 0,06
Con: 0,005 0 0,095 Phirong trinh phan ung:
Cu + 2Fe^+- ->Cu2+ + 2Fe2+ 3Cu + 8 H * + 2 N O ; 3Cu^^ + 2 N O + 4 H 2 O
Banddu: 0,005 0,035 Ban dSu:.; 0,24 0,12 (mol)
; Phanirng: 0,005 -> 0,01 , 0,24 0,12
- lan xet:
Nha < -> Bai toan c6 2 trucfng hop xay ra:
Con: 0 0,025 (mol) 8 2
=^nFe2(so4)3=0'025(mol)
T r u e m g h o p 1: Cu he't, H* du (tu-c la a < 0,09) • nN O = ^ ( m o l )
=^"iFe2(so4)3 = 0,025.400 = lO(gam)

= 14,933a (1ft).
C&u 2: Cho Cu (du) tac dung vdri 400 m l dung djch X chiia h6n harp H C l , HNO3, T r u f n i g hofp 2: Cu d u hoSc viira d i i , H^ he't (a > 0,09)
H2SO4 (trong do n^ci : nHN03 • "H2SO4 = 1 : 5 : 1 ) , sau khi phan ihig xay ra hoan -> 0-06 .22,4 = 1,344 (1ft). r--v
toan tha'y thoat ra 22,4 m l khf bj hoa nfiu trong khdng k h i (san phim k h u duy b) K h i Cu k i m loai kh6ng tan het (tiic a > 0,09) thi trong dung djch sau phan ting
nha't, do a dktc). Gia t n p H cua dung dich X la ,; 1 j,\ g6m c6: s6' mol Cu^"" = 0,09; s6' mol N O J = 0 , 0 6 ; s6' mol SO4" = 0,06
A. 2,0. B. 1,4 C. 3,0. D.3,4.
->-m^„ai = 0 , 0 9 . 6 4 + 0,06.62+ 0,06.96 = 15,24(gam). r
Hu&ng ddn gidi
C a u 4: Hoa tan hoan toan 18,2 gam h6n hop X g6m 2 k i m loai A l va Cu trong 100
K h f bi hod nau trong kh6ng khf la NO: nô =0,001 (mol)
ml dung djch Y chiia H 2 S O 4 C^, va H N O , 2 M dun n6ng tao ra dung djch Z v^
Goi nHci = x ( m o l ) = > n H N 0 3 = 5 x ( m o l ) ; nH2S04 = x ( m o l ) 8,96 1ft (dktc) h6n hop T g6m N O va khf D kh6ng mau. H6n hop T c6 ty kh6'i
n ^ ^ = x + 5x + 2x = 8 x ( m o l ) ; n ^ ^ _ = 5 x ( m o l ) hoi so vdi hidro bang 23,5. Tfnh kh6'i luong m6i k i m loai trong h6n hop X v^
kh6'i luong m 6 i mu6'i trong dung djch Z.
PTHH: 3Cu + 8 H ^ + 2 N O 3 3C\x^* + 2 N 0 + 4 H 2 O Hu&ng ddn gidi
MT = 23,5. 2 = 47 ^ MNO = 30 < 47 < Mo - D la SO, ( M = 64).
8x -> 2x
Suy ra s6' mol N O = 0,2 mol va SO, = 0,2 mol
V I 8x / 8 < 5x / 2 =^ phan ling hS't ( N O 3 con du). Ta CO cac qua trinh sau:
Theo PTHH: 2x = 0,001 8x = 0,004 Al - 3e ^ A l ' \i s6' mol A l = x va s6' mol Cu = y
186 . ' .... • . • • . 187
Cu - 2e^Cu-* Dang 6: Bdi tap ve muoi nitrat ;
v•
N O , + 4Fr + 3c - » N O + 2 H 2 O * J L i thuyet v a n d u n g v a p h w m g p h a p giai: > »
' s u i s-i
SO^"+4H^+2e^S02+2H2O *! * Cac mu6'i nitrat d l bj nhiet phan huy, giai phong o x i . V i vay, o nhiet do cao cac
niu6'i nitrat c6 tinh o x i hod manh.
T6ng s6' mol e nhuomg = 3x + 2y = T6ng s6' mol e thu = 0,6 + 0,4 = 1
Cac mu6'i nitrat ciia k i m loai boat d6ng manh (kali, natri, . . . ) bj phan huy tao ra
f27x + 64y = 18,2 n ^ i i ,> ,i; • .
Vay ta CO he phuong tnnh: < ^ ,, tnu6'i nitrit va O2.
[3x + 2y = 1 IJ',.^,;;'^v,
2KNO3 — ^ 2KNO2 + 0 2 ! '
Giai hd phirong trinh cho X = y = 0,2.
Mu6'i nitrat ciia magic, kem, sSt, chi, d6ng ... bj phan huy tao ra oxit ciia k i m
Vay khdi luong cac k i m loai trong h6n hop ddu 1^: tricu = 12,8g; rriAi = 5,4g.
loai tuong ufng, NO2 va O j .
V i NO3 phan ilmg tao N O bang luomg NO3 trong Y ntn dung djch Z kh6ng c6
2Cu(N03)2 — ^ 2CuO + 4 N O 2 T + O 2 t
N03vadod6chic6AF\Cu-\SO^". .
Mudi nitrat cua bac, vang, thuy ngan,... bj phan huy tao thanh k i m loai tuong
Luong AI2 { S O 4 )^ - ^ - 3 4 2 = 34,2gani, luong CUSO4 = 0,2. 160 = 32 gam. ling, NO2 va O2:
C a u 5: Cho 3,2 gam Cu vao a gam dung djch H2SO4 9 8 % thu duoc V , l i t k h i , luong 2AgN03 — ^ 2Ag + 2NO2 t + b 2 t
Cu con lai ti^'p tuc cho vao b gam dung djch H N O 3 6 8 % thu duoc V , lit k h i . Sau
* Trong moi truong axit, mudi nitrat c6 ti'nh oxi hoa manh:
hai lin phan ling khd'i luong Cu con lai la 1,28 gam, bid't V , + V , , = 1,12 l i t . Pha
tr6n h6n hop g o m 2a gam dung djch H2SO4 9 8 % va 3b gam dung djch H N O , 3Cu + 8 H ^ + 2NO3 3Cu^^ + 2 N 0 t + 4H2O ' '
68%, sau do pha loang dung djch thu duoc bang H j O thi duoc dung djch X . Cho
* Phuong phap de giai nhanh cac bai tap dang nay: • > , >
5,76 gam Cu vao dung djch X thu duoc V 3 l i t k h i N O . Bi6't cac phan ling xay ra
+ Phuong phap .sir dung phuong trinh ion thu gon.
hoan toan, cac khi do 6 dktc. Ti'nh V , .
+ Phuong phap bao toan electron.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
* Mot sd P T H H chii y: OÛM •
Theo bî ra s5 m o l ddng la: nc„ = 1,92 : 64 = 0,03 (mol)
A g N 0 3 + Fe(N03)2 Fe(N03)3 + A g
Cu -> Cu-^ + 2e
0,03 0,06 4Fe(N03)2 2Fe203 + 8NO2 + O , "'W .: •,. = ;
SO4- + 4H^ + 2e SO2 + 2H2O ; FeCK + 3AgN03 (du) - > Fe(N03)3 + A g + 2AgCi
.:v».v-''v,.'f'^ 4x 2x X :',.•„w'-;'.'-';.!*'^ 9Fe(N03)2 + 12Ha ^ 4FeCi3 + 5Fe(N03)3 + 3 N O + 6H2O
NO3 + 2 H * + l e - > N 0 2 + 2H20 ' ^''>V C a c thi d u m i n h h o a : i

2y y y
Thi du I: Cho bdt Fe vao dung djch gom AgN03 va C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 . Sau khi cac phan
i Taco: x + y = 0,05 K n . :. ,:i (0 ling xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc dung djch X gdm hai mudi va chat rSn Y gom
2x + y = 0,06 n , (2) hai kim loai. Hai mudi trong X va hai kim loai trong Y \in lugt la
Giai U ta duoc: x = 0,01; y = 0,04. A. Fe(N03)2; Fe(N03)3 va C u ; A g B. Cu(N03)2; AgN03 va Cu; A g
K h i lay 2a gam dung djch H2SO4 9 8 % tron voi 3b gam dung dich H N O 3 6 8 % r6i C. Cu(N03)2; Fe(N03)2 va C u ; Fe D . Cu(N03)2; Fe(N03)2 va Ag; Cu.
pha loang dung djch thi dung djch thu duoc chiia H2SO4 loang va HNO3 loang. (Trich de tuyen sink Dai hoc nam 2013 • Khd'i A)
K h i cho 0,09 mol Cu vao dung djch X thi khi thoat ra la N O theo P T H H :
• Hu&ng ddn gidi •'•
3Cu + 8 H " + 2 N 0 3 ' - > 3 C u - ' + 2 N O + 4 H 2 0 ( * )
Phuong trinh hoa hoc (theo thir tir): i
2
Tiif (*) ta tha'y Cu phan ufng he't nen npjo = j "cu = 0,06 m o l . Fe + 2 A g N 0 3 F e ( N O , ) 2 + 2 A g 4 . .
Fe + C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 - > Fe(N03)2 + C u i Ci. . ' ' i i :
vay V 3 = 0 , 0 6 . 2 2 . 4 = 1,344 lit. " ' ' ' '' '"^^
188 189
=> 2 kim loai la Ag, Cu. Hu&ngddngidi , w
Hai mu6'i trong X la FeCNO,), va CuCNOj), con du. Yii hieu chung cac mu6'i nitrat trong h6n hcrp A la NfNOj.
Dap an dung la D. ' " Trong 50 gam A c6 kh6'i luong nguyfin t6' oxi bang:
CM v: Vi AgNO, phan irng he't vod Fe ntn kh6ng c6 phan Ung:
AgNOj + Fe(N03)2 ^ FeCNOjjj + Ag
Thi du 2: Hoa tan 19,2 gam Cu vao 500 ml dung djch NaNOj I M , sau do thdm Suy ra: " j ^ ^ - = 0,3 /3 = 0,1 (mol) (trong 1 g6c nitrat NO3 c6 3 nguydn til O).
vô 500 ml dung djch HCl 2M. Kfi't thuc phan umg thu duoc dung djch X va
khi NO duy nha't, phai ihtm bao nhifiu ml dung djch NaOH I M vao X d^ ke't
Sod6phanihig: 2MNQ3 )2MOH ^-^M.O
tua hfit ion Cu"* ?
A. 600 B. 800 C.400 D. 120
(5 day ta tha'y: thay 2 ion NOJ bang 1 ion O^"
(Trich de thi du bi Dai hoc)
=> 0,1 mol NO3 thay bang 0,05mol O"". < •
^ ( I Hu&ngddngidi •
S6' mol cac chat: n^^ = = 0,3(mol)

Ma m ^ = m^NOj - m ^ ^ - '''''' " '•
nNaN03 ="0,5.1 = 0,5(mol);nHci =0,5.2 = l(mol)
=5> m = mwMo, ~ m _ + m -)_
S6'mol cac ion: n . = 1 (mol); n =0,5fmo0 •^•^"3 NO3 O'^
H+ NO3 ^ ^ z:>m = 50-0,1.62 + 0,05.16 = 44,6(g) "
Phuong trinh ion riit gon cac phan ling xay ra: Dap an dung la B. "
Thi du 4: San ph^m cua phan ling nhiet phan hoan toan AgN03 la ' II
3Cu + 8H^ + 2NO3 ^ 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
A. A g , N O , 0 , B. AgjO, NO,, 0 ,
0,3^0,8->0,2 0,3 (mol) C. A g , 0 , NO, O2 D- Ag, NO,, O,
o n + (con du) = 1 - 0,8 = 0,2 (mol) ' (Trich detuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
H^+0H-^H20 I. Cu2^+20H-->Cu(OH)2 i Hu&ng ddn gidi
0,2^0,2(mol) 0,3-)-0,6(mol) .0
PTHH: 2AgN03 —i—>2Ag + 2NO2 + O2
=>n - 0 , 2 + 0,6 = 0,8(mol)
0H~ ' ' ' V ; Dap an dung la D.
Thi du 5: Cho 0,87 gam h6n hop g6m Fe, Cu va A l vô binh dung 300 ml dung
Vay th^ ti'ch dung djch NaOH I M c^n dung: | | - djch H2SO4 0 , l M . Sau khi cac phan ung xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc 0,32 gam
chat ran va c6 448 ml khi (dktc) thoat ra. Them tiep vao binh 0,425 gam
NaNOj, khi cac phan umg ke't thuc thi the' ti'ch khi NO (dktc, san ph^m khu
ThiDap
duan3:dung
A lala h6n
B. hop cac mu6'i Cu(N03)2, Fe(N03)2, Fe(N03)3, Mg(N03)2. duy nha't) tao thanh va khd'i luong mu6'i trong dung djch la
Trong do nguydn t6' oxi chie'm 9,6% v^ khd'i luong. Cho dung djch K O H du A. 0,224 lit va 3,750 gam. B. 0,112 lit va 3,750 gam.
vao dung djch chiia 50 gam mu6'i A. Loc kd't tua thu duoc dem nung trong C. 0,112 1ft va 3,865 gam. D. 0,224 lit va 3,865 gam.
(Trich de tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
chan kh6ng de'n kh6'i luong kh6ng ddi thu duoc m gam oxit. Gia trj ciia m la
A. 47,3 B.44,6 C. 17,6 D. 39,2 Hu&ngddngidi
(Trich de thi du bi Dai hoc) S6 mol cac cha't: nH2S04 = O'^^ imo\)\j = 0-005 (mol)
190 191
n'H2
„ , =Ml^=o,02(mol) Hu&ng ddn gidi
22,4 IChd'i luong nguyen t6' nito trong 14,16 gam X:
Vi 11^2 < nH2S04 => axit dir n6n Fe, Al bi tan he't; cha't ran thu duoc la Cu (vi 14,66.11,864
l,68(g) •*-"-.f:,>«.,*=r4 " '-m.-
0 32 100
khong phan ung) =>Cu — = 0,(X)5(mol) =>nN =0,12(mol) = n ^ ^ . ^ m ^ ^ _ =0,12.62 = 7,44(g) '
64
S6'mol ion H"^ con du sau phan ling: , \, i ' u =>mk™i„ai= m x = m ^ ^ _ =14,16-7,44 = 6,72(gam)
n^^ (condu) =(0,03-0,02).2 = 0,02(mol)
Pap an dung la B.
Fe + H2SO4 (1) FeS04 + t
Thi du 7: Nhiet phSn m6t luong AgNOj duoc chat rSn X va h6n hop khi Y. D i n
X -> X -> X
toan b6 Y vao m6t lucmg du HjO, thu duoc dung djch Z. Cho toan b6 X vao
2A1+ 3 H 2 S 0 4 ( l ) ^ A l 2 ( 5 0 4 ) 3 + 3 H 2 t Z, X chi tan mot phdn va thoat ra khi NO (san ph£m khiJ duy nha't). Biet cac
y 1.5y phan ling xay ra hoan toan. Ph^n tram khdi luong ciia X da phan ling la
56x + 27y = 0,87-0,32 = 0,55 A. 75%. B.25%. C. 70%. D. 60%.
Ta c6: X =0,005; y = 0,01
x + l,5y=0,02 (Trich de tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B)
Khi phan iJng vofi NaNO, c6 so mol cac ion: Hu&ng ddn gidi
n^^ =0,02 (mol); n^^_ =0,005 (mol); n^^ =0,005 (mol); Gia sijf nhiet phan 1 mol AgNOj: ,: „
n^^2+=0.005 (mol) AgNOj—Âg + N02t+-02t :^

> 'nc!. .
Thii tu trong day didn hoa: Cu^"'/Cu; Fe^^/pe^^ mi i
l(mol) > l(mol) 1 (mol) 0,5(mol)
+ 8H+ + 2NO3 X: 1 mol Ag; Y: 1 mol NO, va 0,5 mol O,

3Cu 3Cu2+ + 2 N 0 1 + 4 H 2 O
1
P/u-ng: 0,005->0,04/3->0,01/3-> 0,01/3(mol) 2NO2 + - O 2 + H2O ^ 2HNO3
Con: 0 0,02/3 0,005/3
1^0,25 ->l(mol)
• 3Fe^^ + 4H^ +NO3 3Fe-^^ + NO T +2H2O Dung djch Z: chiia 1 mol HNO,
0,02 / 4 <-0,02 / 3->0,02 / 1 2 0,02/12 3Ag + 4HNO3 -)• 3AgN03 + NO + 2H2O
(Cac chat phan ting vira hdt vdi nhau) _
0,75 < - l (mol)
Vay Vô = (0,01 / 3 + 0,02 /12).22,4 = 0,112(l)
0,75.108.100%
^^y'^''"'x(Ag)-- = 75%
m(mu«i) = " I p ^ C u . A I + "1^^+ + "1^2- 1.108
ap an diing la A.
= 0,87 + 0,005.23 + 0,03.96 = 3,865(g)
hi du 8: Cho Cu va dung djch H 2 S O 4 loang tac dung vdi chat X (m6t loai phan
Dap an diing la C.
bon hoa hoc), tha'y thoat ra khi kh6ng mau hoa nau trong kh6ng khi. Mat
Thi du 6: H6n hop X gom Fe(N03)2, Cu(N03)2 va AgNOj. Thanh phdn % khoi khac, khi X tac dung vdi dung djch NaOH thi c6 khi miii khai thoat ra. Chat
luong cua nito trong X la 11,864%. Co the diû che' duac toi da bao nhidu Xla
gam h6n hap ba kim loai tir 14,16 gam X? A. ure. I ; 5 B. natri nitrat. C. amoni nitrat. D. amophot.
A. 7,68 gam. B. 6,72 gam. C. 10,56 gam. D. 3,36 gam. (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khdJ A)
(Trich de tuyen sink Dai hoc khoi B)
192
K» thudt ntdi giii nhanh BT Hod HQC, tap 2 - C M i nann i oan
Hu&ng ddn gidi fhi du 10: Nung 6,58 gam Cu(N03)2 trong binh km khdng chiia kh6ng khi, sau
X la amoni nitrat (NH4NO3): rndt then gian thu duoc 4,96 gam chat ran va h6n hop khi X. Ha'p thu hokn
toan X vao nude de duoc 300 ml dung dich Y. Dung djch Y c6 pH bang
2 N O ; + 3 C u + 8H* > 3Cu^" + 2NO + 4H2O
A. 2. B.3. C.4. D. 1.
2NO + Oj >• 2 N O 2 (mau nSu) (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
N H ; + O H - > NH3 + H , 0 ->i ,. ! Hud^g ddn gidi
Mui khai * : ' CU(N03)2 ^rin) — ^ C u O ( ^ ) + 2 N 0 2 t + Ô^t
Dap an dung Ik C . , ; . ; .
Chujj, -Ure: (NH^)^^ . , ,, , : , x(mol) 2x 0,5x
-Amophot: NH4H2PO4, (NH4)2HP04. Khd'i luong chat r l n giam bang kh6i luong ciia h6n hop khi NO2 va Oj:
Thi du 9: Cho h6n hop g6m 1,12 gam Fe va 1,92 gam Cu vko 400 ml dung dich m(N02.02) = - 4.96 = 1,62 = 2x. 46 + 0,5x.32
chiia h6n hop g6m H 2 S O 4 0,5M va NaNO, 0,2M. Sau khi cac phan ihig xay ra
hoan loan, thu duoc dung dich X va khi NO (san p h ^ khii duy nha't). Cho V
=>x = 0,015 (mol) V'
Ulfi ^|Xll- <)|Ur;
ml dung dich NaOH I M vao dung dich X thi lugmg k6't tiia thu duoc la 16n 1
2NO, + - O 2 + H,0 > 2HNO3
nh^t. Gia tri t6'i thiû ciJa V la
A. 240. B. 120. C. 360. D. 400. 2x 0,5x • 2x(mol)
(Tnch De thi tuyen sink DH • CD khd'i A) n„N03 = 2x = 2.0,015 = 0,03 (mol) ,.
Hu&ng ddn gidi u,
[H*] = [ H N O 3 ] = ^ = 0,1M pH = - I g [H*] = 1.
112 192
S6' mol cac kim loai: np. = — = 0,02 (mol); nc„ = ^ = 0,03 (mol)
56 64 •It,. • Dap an diing la D.
S6'mol c a c ion: n^+ = 2.nH2S04 = 2. 0,4.0,5 = 0,4 (mol); r, i X Thi du II: Cho m gam b6t Fe vao 800 ml dung dich h6n hop g6m Cu(N03)2
0,2M va H2SO4 0,25M. Sau khi cac phan ihig xay ra hoan tohn, thu duoc 0,6m
:v >. n^^_ = nâNOa = 0-4.0,2 = 0,08 (mol)
gam h6n hop b6t kim loai va V lit khi N O (san phdm khii duy nha't, d dktc).
Gia tri ciia m va V l^n luot la
Cac P T P L T xay ra (dang ion riit gon): -, ^ ^
A. 10,8 va 2,24. B. 10,8 va 4,48. C. 17,8 vk 2,24. D. 17,8 vk 4,48.
Fe + 4H* + NO 3 > Fe'* + NO + 2H2O -
(Tnch De thi tuyen sinh DH - khoi B)
0,02 -> 0,08 ^ 0,02 ^ 0,02 (mol)
Huong ddn gidi
3Cu + 8H" + 2NO3 > 3Cu-* + 2N0 + 4H2O
Sd'molcaccha't: ncu(N03)2 = 0.8.0,2 = 0,16 (mol); ,
0,03 ->• 0,08 ^ 0,02 ^ 0,03 (mol)
nH2S04 = 0.8.0,25 = 0,2 (mol)
+ NaOH > Na' + H2O X-i
(0,4-0,08-0,08) ,, . 0,24 (mol) S6'mol cac ion: n^^_ = 0,16.2 = 0,32 (mol); n^^2+=ncu(N03)2 = 0.16 (mol)
Fe'* + 3NaOH > Fe(OH)., i + 3Na*
n \ 0,2 . 2 = 0,4 (mol)
0,02 0,06 (mol) H
Phuong trinh ion nit gon cac phan ling xay ra:
Cu-* + 2NaOH > Cu(0H)2 i + 2Na*
0,03 0,06 (mol) Fe + N O J (d„) + 4 H * • Fe'* + N O t + 2H2O
Suy ra S nNôH = 0,06 + 0,06 + 0,24 = 0,36 (mol) 0,1 < - 0,1 < - 0,4 0,1 -> 0,1 (mol)
=> N30H = 0,36/1 = 0,36 (lit) = 360 ( m l ) . Sau phan ling, thu duoc h6n hop b6t kim loai (Fe va Cu) nftn xay ra cac phan
Dap i n dung l a C . ling: rt v|^'ii>-
1Q<
PTPU': 3 C u + BH"^ + 2NO3 - ->3Cu^^ + 2 N O + 4 H 2 O
Fe + 2Fe'* > SFe"*
0,05 < - 0,1 (mol) p/ir: 0,3^0,8 ->0,2 , 0,2 (mol)
Con: 0 1 1
Fe(d„) + Cu^* > Fe^* +Cui '^^^^^ •yrs.gV' ^
0,16 < - 0,16 0,16 (mol) 3Fe2^+4H++N03 ->3Fe^* + N O + 2H2O
P/ir: 0,6 0,8 ^ 0,2 0,2 (mol)

Chat rSn sau phan ling c6: 0,16 mol Cu; m (0,1+0,05 + 0,16) m o l Fe
Con: 0 0,2 0,8
56
vay V = (0,2 + 0,2). 22,4 = 8,96 (1ft).
Theo bai ra, ta c6: 0,16. 64 + m - (0,1 + 0,05 + 0,16). 56 = 0,6m
Pap an dung la C
^ 0,4m = 0,31.56 - 0,16.64 = 7,12 => m = 17,8 (gam)
Thi du 14: Nhiet phan hoan toan 29,6 gam m6t mu6'i nitrat k i m loai, sau phan
V = VNO = 0,1. 22,4 = 2,24 (lit).
ihig thu dirge 8 gam oxit k i m loai. C6ng thiic ciia mu6'i nitrat la
Dap an dung la C.
A. Cu(N03)2 B. F e ( N 0 3 ) 2 C. P b ( N 0 3 ) 2 D. Mg(N03)2
Thi du 12: Nhiet phan hoan toan 34,65 gam h6n hcfp g6m KNO3 va Cu(N03)2,
Hu&ng ddn gidi
thu dugc h6n hop khi X (ti kh6'i cua X so vdi khf hidro bang 18,8). Kh6'i
luong Cu(N03)2 trong h6n hop ban dAu la Gia sir mu6'i nitrat la M ( N 0 3 ) 2 {'
(Trich De thi tuyen sink Cao dang khoi A) M { N O 3 )^ — ^ M O + 2NO2 + ^ 0 2
Hu&ng ddn gidi

( M + 124) -> ( M + 16)
Goi X, y l^n lirot la s6' mol K N O 3 , Cu(N03)2.
29,6 -> 8
Phuong trinh phan ling: , ,
. 8 ( M + 124) = 2 9 , 6 ( M + 16)
2KNO3 — ^ 2KNO2 + O2
M + 16 8 1
X 0,5x M +124 = 3 , 7 M + 5 9 , 2
M + 124 29,6 3,7
2Cu(N03)2 — ^ 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
> 2 , 7 M - 64,8 => M = 2 4 ( M g )
y 2y 0,5y
Theo bM ra, ta c6: l O l x + 188y = 34,65 j V a y mu6'i nitrat la M g ( N 0 3 ) 2
(1)
(0.5x.0,5y).32 + 2 y . 4 6 ^ ^ 3 ^ ^ ^ ^ 3 ^ ; ' |Dap an dung la D .
(2)
0,5x + 0,5y + 2y
Chd v: 2 F e ( N 0 3 ) 3 — l % F e 2 0 3 + 6 N O 2 +|o2
Tir ( 1 , 2) ta giai ra dirac: x = 0,25; y = 0,05.
Thi du 15: Nung m gam h6n hop X g6m Cu(N03)2 v^ A g N O j trong binh kfn
Vay m(Cu(N03)2 = 0.05.188 = 9.40 (gam)
kh6ng chiia kh6ng khf, sau phan ling hokn toan thu dugc ch^t rSn Y va 10,64
Dap an dung la C. 1ft h6n hgp khf Z (dktc). Cho Y tac dung vdi dung djch H C l d u , ke't thiic phan
Thi du 13: Cho 0,3 b6t Cu va 0,6 b6t Fe(N03)2 vao dung djch chiia 0,9 mol ling con lai 16,2 gam chat ran kh6ng tan. Gia trj ciia m la
H2SO4 (loang). Sau khi cac phan ihig xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc V lit khf N O A . 44,30 B. 52,80 C. 47,12 D . 52,50 _
(san ph^m khuf duy nhat, d dktc). Gia trj cua V la Hu&ng ddn gidi
A . 10,08 B. 4,48 C. 8,96 D . 6,72
10 64 * f
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hpckhoi B) I Khf Z g6m O 2 , N O , : n ^ = = 0,475 (mol) '
Hu&ng ddn gidi
16 2
S ^ m o l c d c i o n : n^^2+ = 0 , 6 ( m o l ) ; n ^ ^ . = l , 2 ( m o l ) ; n ^ ^ = l , 8 ( m o l ) Chat ran khdng tan la A g : n = — ^ = 0,15 (mol)
a (24 + 64 + 56) = 14,4 => a = 0,1 (mol)
2Cu(NOj )2 — ^ 2 C u O + 4NO2 t + O2 t \ ?^ * Phan umg vdri H,S04 (1):
X -> 2x -> 0,5x Mg + H2SO4 >MgS04 + H2 t -'''^'^^ '•'
2AgN03 — ^ 2 A g + 2 N O 2 + O2 ;:o|,t , • 0,1-> 0,1
y -> y y -> 0,5y ; Fe + H 2 S O 4 ).FeS04 + H j ,' i:, A ' >\f^lfmm;:r. ^

=> Y g6m CuO, Ag: if;:]^.-y ' '••'>:h-.
:. CuO + 2 H C l ^ C u C l 2 + H 2 0 ^''^'^^ ^.i,C,r f.(v/-' Sau phan ling c6: 0,1 mol FeS04 s},iy ,;d h xfi::
, 0,1 molCu . •'•'^^'•••^^';|.; '. '
a::^^,^ Ag + HCl > Kh6ng xay ra. ,(,;;3fr:;;' v^,^' ^;
1,6 - 0,1. 2 - 0,1. 2 = 1,2mol MW:Y:
; Tac6he:|y = ' ' ^ ' ' ^ x =0,1; y = 0,15 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ * Khi cho NaNOj vao h6n hop sau phan ling:
• [2x + 0,5x + y + 0,5y = 0,15 5:iyVi{;::?. 3Cu + 8H^ + 2NOJ^3Cu^^+2NO + 4 H 2 0
Vay m=0,1.188 + 0,15.170 = 44,30(g) 0,1 ^ 0 , 8 / 3 ^ 0 , 2 / 3 •
Dap an diing la A. ''' .^••^.'•„ " 1 ; , f , , , ; " ' ' ,• ''•''^•••/rJh iv.
3Fe^^+ 4H^ + NO3->3Fe^++NO + 2 H 2 9 / /
3. Cac bai t$p tu luyen: 0,1 ^ 0,4/3^0,1/3
Cau 1: Cho 4,8 gam b6t Cu^S vao 120 ml dung djch NaNOj IM, sau d o them 200 Vi con du (0,4/3 + 0,8/3 = 0,4 < 1,2) nen Fe'* vk Cu phan umg h6t
ml dung djch HCl IM vao, ke't thuc phan ling thu duoc dung dich X va V lit khi
vay m NaN03 ojâ2 .85 = 8,50(gam)
NO (san ph^m khijrduy nhaft,dktc). Gia trj cua V 1& g , , .y,,
A. 67,2 • B. 22,4 C. 2,24 ; D. 6,72 Ddp dn dung la D. r\0 ,Sai: 1. ,,(/ . • ' '
':',„.,„. , v ' v H u & n g d d n g m , /-^'-l''^'^'- C&u 3: Nung 9,40 gam Cu(N03)2 sau phan ling thu dufoc 7,24 gam ch^t ran. Hafp
thu toan b6 khi thoat ra vao nude duoc 0,5 lit dung djch c6 pH 1^
; SeJmolcacch^: n c u , s = — = 0,03(mol); <
^ 160 A. 2,10 B. 1,10 C. 1,00 D.0,98
Hu&ngddngidi -•'^^lM tîiWo,
^ " "NaNOa = 0 . 1 2 ( m o l ) ; n H c i - 0 , 2 ( m o l ) T S ; .
PTPLT: Cu(N03),„, —!—>CuO„ +2NO2+i^02
S6 mol cac ion: n _ =0,12 (mol); n ^=0,2 (mol) ' m v(';
NO3 H => Khd'i lirong cha't ran giam bang t6ng kh6'i luong khi NOj v^ Oj. Do 66.
PTPir: 3CU2S + IONO3 + 16H* 6Cu2* + 380^" + lONO + 8 H 2 O
mo2+N02 =9,40-7,24 =2,16(gam)
Banddu: 0,03 0,12 0,2
Theo PTPLT tren ta tha'y: nN02 : " 0 2 = ^
Phan ling: 0,03^0,1 ->0,16 ^ . 0 , 1 (mol) ,
Goi x la s6' mol Oj => s6' mol NO2 la 4x. ,,
=^VNO=V = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (lit) hk '"/A ;
Ta c6: 32x + 46 . 4x = 2,16 =:> x = 0,01 (mol) ^ ' » «'
Dap an dung la C . PTPlT: 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O -> 4HNO3
Cau 2: Cho 14,4 gam h6n hop Mg, Cu, Fe c6 s6' mol bang nhau vao 0,8 lit dung 4x X 4x
djch H2SO4 IM (loang). C5n phai them it nha't bao nhieu gam NaNOj vao h6n
=> n H N 0 3 =4x =0,04 (mol)
hop sau phan img thi khdng con khi NO (san ph^m khii duy nha't) thoat ra?
A. 12,75 B. 5,67 C. 2,83 D. 8,50 0,04
f=>m=CH,03=^=0,08M • ^ ^:;:|yO.y.v0.1HX
Hu&ngddngidi ' ' 0,5
Theobaira: n H 2 S 0 4 =0,8.1=0,8(mol) => n^^. = 2.0,8=l,6(mol) Vay pH = -lg0,08= 1,10. . #^^! .y
Goi a la s6' mol m6i kim loai trong h6n hop Dap an dung la B. "
198 199
Cau 4: Nung nong 34,6 gam h6n horp X g6m CuCNOj), va Cu trong binh km da'n 170.0,06.100%
vay %mAgN03 = = 73,066%
kha'i lircmg khong d6i thu duofc chat rSn Y. Di hoa tan he't Y cSn viifa du 500 ml
dung dich H2SO4 loang 0,5M. Kh6'i lugmg cua Cu(N03)2 trong X la ,
%mc„(N03)2 "26,934%
A. 18,8 gam B. 23,5 gam C. 28,2 gam D. 14,1 gam.
Hu&ng dan gidi E)ap an diing la A.
Theobaira: nH2S04 =0'25(mol) '^rV} Cû 6: Nhifit phan hoan toan h6n hop 2 muoi KNO3 va Fe(N03)2 sau phan iJng thu
duoc h6n hofp X g6m hai khf c6 ti kh6'i so vdi H2 bang 21,6. Phan tram kh6'i
Goi X, y lan lirot la s6' mol cua Cu(N03)2 va Cu trong h6n hop X. '
luong cua Fe(N03)2 la .jv,- .
Taco: 188x + 64y = 34,6 (1)
A. 60% B. 40% C. 78,09% D. 34,3%
r PTPU": 2Cu(N03)2 — ^ 2CuO + 4NO2 + 0 , Hu&ng ddn gidi
2Cu + 0 , 2CuO PTHH: r. ;
4Cu + 2NO, — ^ 4CuO + Nj KNO3 — ^ K N O , + - 0 , t
CuO + H2SO4 CUSO4 + H2O X -> 0,5x (mol) > \ •

X+y x+y
2Fe(N03)2 Fe203 +4NO2 t +i-02 t
Taco: x + y = 0,25 (2) "2
Tiif (1,2) ta c6:x = 0,15; y = 0,1. y -> 2y ^ 0,25y (mol)
Vay mcu(N03)2 =0,15.188=28,2 (gam) H6n hop X gdm O, va NO2
Dap an diing la C. ^ ... 32.0,5x + 46.2y + 32.0,25y
Cau 5: Nung hoan toan 13,96 gam h6n hop AgNOj va Cu(N03)2 thu duac cha't ran Theo bai ra: •—^ = 21,6.2
0,5x + 0,25y + 2y
A. Cho A tac dung voi dung djch HNO3 du thu duoc 448 ml khi NO (dktc) duy
^16x.92y.8y^ •V^.
nha't. Phan tram kh6'i luong cac chat trong h6n hop dû la
0,5x + 2,25y
A. 73,066%; 26,934%. B. 72,245%; 27,755%. ^ '
C. 68,432%; 31,568%. D. 82,52%; 17,48%. =>16x + 100y = 21,6x + 97,2y ' '
A,' Huongddngidi j , . ^ => 2,8y = 5,6x => y = 2x
Theobaira: nô =0.02(mol)

Fe(N03)2 180.2x + 101.X
AgN03 — ^ Ag + NO2 + - O 2
Dap an diing la C. ' ,,,;„
Cau 7: Nung h6n hop g6m 6,4 gam Cu va 54 gam Fe(N03)2 fong binh kin, chan
kh6ng. Sau phan ling hoan toan thu dugc h6n hqyp khi X. Cho X phan ling h6't vdi
Cu (NO3 )2 — C u O + 2NO2 + ^ O2 nuoc, thu duoc 2 lit dung dich Y. pH ciia dung dich Y la
A. 0,525 B. 1,3 C. 0,664 D. 1 '
y
Hu&ng ddn gidi
3Ag + 4HNO3 -> 3AgN03 + NO + 2H2O ^'hieo bai ra: =0,1 (mol); np^^j^Q^^ =0,3 (mol)
X -> x /3
C U O + 2HNO3 ^ C U ( N 0 3 ) 2 + H 2 O ' 4 F e ( N 0 3 ) 2 — ^ 2 F e 2 0 3 +8N02 + ° 2
^ , [I70x + 188y = 13,96 „ ^ „^ 0,3 -> 0,6 0,075(mol)

Taco:^ ^ =i> x =0,06; y = 0,02
x / 3 = 0,02 ^
200 201
Dang 7: Xdc dinh chat
2Cu + O 2 — ^ 2CuO
lA thuyet \kn dung va phuong phap giai:
0,1 0,05(niol) 1 ; '
giai cac bai tap dang nay c6 th^ su dung cac phuong phap giai nhanh:
=> = 0.075 - 0,05 = 0,025 (mol) Phuong phap xac dinh chat dua vao cong thurc tinh phan tu khoi: Gia sit c6
chat cho electron la A. Ta c6:
4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O ^ 4HNO3
0,1 <- 0 , 0 2 5 . i f 0 , 1 (mol) - / i|vd A y A"* • ke

m. m. .k
3NO2 + H 2 O ^ 2HNO3 + NO ; ^ rir ,
(0,6-0,1) ^ 1/3 (mol) ^, '

m . -.k = n„
Vay: (cho)
=>n^, = n H N O 3 = 0 , l + ^ - ^ ( m o l ) , n. (cho)
+ Dua vao cac dix ki6n bai ra cho, xac dinh duoc cac dai luong m^, k, n^ (jô)-
^ r H + 1 = M^lil(mol)=>pH-0,664 * ^
+ Tinh gia trj M ^ . ..
L -I 3.2 6 ;,: .>. . '-'Â^'' ' '
Dap an diing la C. + Th phan tir kh6'i xac djnh duoc chat cdn tim.
Cû 8: Nhidt phan hoan toan 27,3 gam h6n hop rSn X gdm NaNOj, CuCNO^), Phuong phap trung binh: C6ng thtic tinh nguydn i\i kh6'i trung binh ciia hai*
thu duoc h6n hop khf CO th^ tich 6,72 lit (dktc). kim loai lien tid'p trong ciing m6t nh6m A: M = "• i h h ;
1. Viet phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan ting xay ra. '^hh \iff\ .
2. Tinh thanh phSn % v l khoi luong ciia m6i mu6i trong h6n hop X. is'-l + Tinh cac luong chat da cho trong bai ra.
Hu&ng ddn gidi + Viet phuong trinh hoa hoc (so d6 hoa hoc) sir dung ki hieu trung binh.
1. Phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan ihig: + Tinh dai luong trung binh thich hop.
+ Rut ra ke't luan va tfnh cac dai luong theo yeu du.
2NaN03 — ^ 2NaN02 + Ojt (0
Phuofng phap bao toan electron: Trong phan umg oxi hoa khir, t6ng s6' mol
X mol 0,5x mol electron do chat khir cho phai dung bang tdng s6' mol electron do chat oxi hoa
2Cu(N03), — ^ 2CuO + 4 N O 2 T + OJT (2) nhan: Z e (cho) = I e (nhan) => n,h„. N,,h„ = n„hj„. N„hj„
+ Vi6t cac qua trinh oxi hoa, qua trinh khir (kh6ng cin vie't phuong trinh phan
ymol ymol 2y mol 0,5ymol
ling oxi hoa - khir). ;•• • • ;4,v/( r v • . ' i n v ' * / - : - •
2. Goi x va y la s6 mol ciia NaNOj va Cu(N03)2 trong h6n hop X. ,,.
+ Dat ^n, dua vao dinh luat bao toan electron lap duoc phuong trinh dai s6'.
Til ( l ) v a (2) ta CO he phuong trinh:
+ Giai he phuong trinh, xac djnh duoc M chat cSn tim..
•gSx + 188y - 27,3 - Phuong phap bao toan khoi luong: Trong m6t phan ij-ng hoa hoc, t6ng kh6'i
x - 0 , 1 (mol)
luong ciia cac chat san phdm bang tong kh6'i luong ciia cac chat tham gia
0,5x + 2y + 0,5y 0 , 3 ^ y = 0,l (mol)
zz,4 phan ling. i ;> i '
PhSn tram khd'i luqmg cia m6i mu6i trong h6n hop X: Ap dung: Trong m6t phan ting, c6 n ch&l Qui ca cha't phan ung vk san phim),
nfiu bie't kh6'i luong ciia (n - 1) chai^t thi tinh duoc kh6'i luong ciia chat con lai.
%'nNaNO3-^100%-31,l% - Phuong phap hoa tri trung binh: Trong nhirng trucmg hop h6n hop c6 hai gia
... r ./.:••; ; (•;••;.' <v;.
trj hoa trj (hoac trang thai s6' oxi hoa) tr6 len ta c6 the' sir dung phuong phap hoa
%mcu(N03)2 =100^"-31'1^'' = 68,9% tri trung binh de' giai quye't cac yeu ci\x ciia bai toan.
Thf du, khi Fe tac dung vdi H N O 3 tao ra mu6'i sat (II) va mu6'i sat (III) thi 2 <
hoa trj trung binh < 3. Khi h6n hop Mg, A l tac dung voi axit H Q thi ta cQng c6
2 < hoa tri trung binh < 3.
202 203
2. Cac thi du minh hoa:
iu 2: C6ng thirc phan tijf cua hop cha't khf tao boi nguy6n t6' R va hidro la
Thi du I: Hoa tan hoan toan 1,805 gam h6n hop g6m Fe va kim loai X bang RH3. Trong oxit ma R c6 hoa tri cao nha't thi oxi chife'm 74,07% v6 kh6'i
dung djch HCl, thu duoc 1,064 h't khi H,. Mat khac, hoa tan hoan toan 1,805 lirong. Nguyen t6'R la
gam h6n hop trfin bang dung dich HNO, loang (du), thu duoc 0,896 lit khf
NO (san ph^m khij duy nha't). Bie't cac th^ tich khf dû do 6 diû kifin tieu
chu^n. Kim loai X la
A.Zn B.Cr C. Al ' D. Mg
I A. S. B. As. C.N. D. P.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CDkhoi B)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
•' (Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khoi A nam 2013) Hop chat khf ciia R voi hidro la RH3 => oxit cao nha't ciia R la RjO,.
Hu&ng ddn gidi 16.5 74,07 '-''^ ^.n*;;;;.
Xheo bai ra ta c6: %0 =
2R + 16.5~ 100
S6 mol cac chat: = 0,0475 (mol); = 0,04 (mol)
=> 8000 = 148,14.R +5925,6
Cac qua trinh nhucmg electron: => 148,14R= 2074,4 : ^ R = 1 4 ( N ) ;'>«W>J:.
+ Trong qua trinh hoa tan vao dung dich HQ (sat tao ra hop cha't hoa tri I I , X tao vay R la nguy6n t6 nito (N). ''I* NT^^
ra hgfp chat hoa trj n): , Dap an dung la C. ' 0-»-.•«'vvt'*'5'''<' : J'\Uf<>x/^f'
Fe - 2e ^ Fe^*
Thi du 3: Cho 3,024 gam m6t kim loai M tan hfe't tr6ng dung dich H N O 3 loang,
'1,'"V X -> 2x
thu diroc 940,8 ml khf N,Oy (san pha'm khu duy nha't, 6t dktc) c6 ti kh6'i d6'i
X - ne-^X"* vori H2 bang 22. Khf NÔ^ va kim loai M la
ny A. N O v a M g . B. N j O v a A l . C. N.O va Fe. D. NO, va A l .
+ Trong qua trinh hoa tan vao dung dich HNO3 (sat tao horp cha't hoa tri III, X tao (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
hc>p cha't hoa trj m):
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Fe - 3 e ^ F e ' * X - me-> X"*
940,8
X 3x y my Theo bai ra: n NxOy = 0,042 (mol)
22400
'56x + X.y = 1,805
Mat khac: ^NxOy/H2
= 22
Ta c6: ] 2x + ny - 0,0475.2 = 0,095
3x +my = 0,04.3-0,12 M
^ = 2 2 => M^ô^ =44(N30)
* Gia sijf n = m => X = 0,025; ny = 0,045
=> X. y = 1,805 - 56.0,025 = 0,405 Taco: 2N^' 2.4e > 2N*'
0,336 <- 0,042.2 (mol)
ny n 0,045 •In,„,h,,„, =0,336 (mol)
N 1 2 3
M - ne > M"*
M 9 18 27
a na (mol)
K6t luan 1 Loai Loai Nhan
Sn, = na (mol) = 0,336 (mol)
Cap nghiem hop li n = 3; X = 27 (Al)
Dap an diing la C. ^, a 0,336
..fit :!
* N6'u n ^ m = > n = 2;m = 3=>H6v6 nghifim. Do do, gia tri thoa man la n = 3 =:> M - 27 (Al).
Vay loai trucmg hop nay. E>ap an dung la B.
204
Kt thuat m&igiuinhanh BTHoa hQC, tap 2 - C u thanh loan
Thi du 4: K h i nhiet phan hoan loan timg mu6'i X , Y thi dû tao ra s6' mol khf VI M X / M Y = 1,467 rr>X la N 2 0 ( 4 4 ) ; Y la N O ( 3 0 )
nho hem s6' mol mud'i tirong ung. E)6't m6t luomg nho tinh th^ Y trfin den khf
^ Xac djnh s6' mol N2O ( x m o l ) , N O ( y mol)
kh6ng mau, tha'y ngon liia c6 mau vang. Hai mu6'i X , Y 15n luot \k
A. KMn04, NaNOj. B. NaNO,, K N O 3 . 'x + y = 0 , 0 6
C. CaCOj, N a N O j . ViJ^vî D. CuCNOa)^, N a N O j . • X =0,02; y = 0,04
• 44x + 30y = 2,08
(Trich De thi tuyen sink Dai hoc kho'iB)
* Qua trinh nhucmg, nhan electron:
. . . . O , - H u d n g d d n g i d i
D<5t Y tr6n ngon lijfa Ahn k h i , tha'y ngon lua c6 mû vJing => trong Y c6 nguyg^ M >'M'^ +ne
t6' natri. 9,1 9, In
-(mol)
Hai mudi X , Y c6 the la K M n 0 4 , NaNO,: M M f - I ' i 1
+5 +1
:V 2KMn04 > K2Mn04 + MnOz + O j t 2N + 2.4e
1 1'
-> 2 N
2 (mol) - . . • • V ' r v ; ? 1 (mol) • i/'-v^H)
0,16 0,02.2
2NaN03 >2NaNO, + 0 2 ,),;',
+5 +2
2 (mol) , , , , , , , ( , y 1 (mol) N+3e-
Dap an diing la A . 10,12<-0,04
Thi du 5: Cho 3,6 gam M g tac dung he't vdfi dung dich HNO3 (du), sinh ra 2,24
•aco: — = 0 , 1 6 + 0,12 = 0,28 ' ,5 i•
lit khf X (san ph^m khiJr duy nha't, 6 dktc). K h i X la M
A.NA B.NO. C.NO2. " ' " ^ D.N2. fty n = 2, M = 65 (Zn). '
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A) Dap an diing la A .
Hu&ng dan gidi Cau 2: Hoa tan hd't 52 gam k i m loai M trong 739 gam dung dich HNO3, kd't thiic
phan ung thu duoc 0,2 mol N O ; 0,1 mol N j O va 0,02 mol N , . Bie't kh6ng c6
S6 mol cac chat: nwg = ^ = 0,15 (mol); nx = = 0,1 (mol). phan ling tao mu6'i NH4NO3 va HNO3 da la'y du 15% so vdi luong c^n thid't. K i m
24 22,4
loai M va n6ng d6 phSn trSm ciia HNO3 ban dû lin luot la
So d6 cac qua trinh nhucmg - nhan electron:
A.Crvk21,96 B.Znva20 C.Crva20 D . Z n v a 17,39
Mg - 2e > Mg'* Hu&ng ddn gidi
0,15 0,3 (mol) Di giai bki nky ta sijr dung dinh luat bao toan electron vk djnh luat bao toan
+5 +(5-n) nguydn t6'.
N ne N Qua trinh nhucmg electron xay ra: ' 1
0,ln 0,1
M - ne->M"*
Theo nguyfin tSc bao toan electron ta c6: 0 , l n = 0,3 => n = 3.
X - > nx (mol)
Vay san phdm khu la N O .
Qua trinh nhan electron xay ra:
Ddp an dung lik B.
+5 +2 if.:
3. C a c bai tap t u luyen: N+3e- ->.N

0,6 < - 0,2 (mol)
Cau 1 : Cho 9,1 gam k i m loai M tan hd't vô dung djch HNO3 loang, dir thu dtf<?c
+5 +1
0,06 mol h6n hop 2 khi X va Y , c6 khd'i luong 2,08 gam vdi Mx/My = 1,467- 2N+8e- ->.N,
Bie't trong dung djch thu duoc khdng c6 mu6'i NH4NO3, k i m loai M Ik
0,2 < - 0,02 (mol)
A.Zn B.Cu CAg D. A l
lieo nguySn t i e bao tokn electron, thi:
Hu&ng ddn gidi
* XacdinhX,Y: I nx = 0,6 + 0,8 + 0,2 = 1,6 (mol) => x = 0,16/n (mol)
C&O 4' ^'^ ^^"^ "^^^ '^'"^ ^ trong dung djch chiJa h6n hop HNO3,
H^SOi dac, nong. Sau khi cac phan umg xay ra hoan toan thu duoc 4,2 lit h6n
1,6 hop san phim khir g6m NO, NO,, SO2 (6 dktc, s6' mol NO, NO2 bang nhau).
n 1 2 3 Kim loai M la
M 32,5 65 97,5 A.Fe(56). B.Mg(24). C. Ca (40). D. Cu (64).
Ke't luan Loai Zn Loai Hu&ng ddn gidi
S6 mol h6n hop san p h ^ khir: n^h = 4,2 / 22,4 = 0,1875 (mol)
Gia tri thoa man la n = 2, M^, = 65 (Zn)
* Cac qua trinh khir (qua trinh nhan electron):
52
= — = 0,8(mol) => n Zn(N03)2 = 0,8(mol) +5 +2
65 N+ 3e • N(NO)
Ap dung dinh luat bao toan nguyen t6' cho nguyfin t6' nito, ta c6: +5
N+ le •N(N02)
nN(HN03) = " N ( N O ) + " N ( N 2 0 ) + " N ( N 2 ) + "N(zn(N03)2) ,,|, ,,
+5 +3
^ "HNOJ = 0,2.1 + 0,1.2 + 0,02.2 + 0,8.2 - 2,04(mol) M,0 N+ 2e > N (vi nô = nN02 '^V 8'^ trung binh ciia chung).
+6
Vi HNO, lay du 15% nen: S + 2e-
its;,:; • '.^^
2,04.(100+15)
= 2,346(mol) Suy ra, t6ng s6' mol electron da nhan la: ,/ \M}^'M •
"HNO3 (ihucte-) -
X ne(,) = 0,1875.2 = 0,375 (mol) = X n,(_)
=> niHNOj = 2,346 . 63 = 147,798 (g)
Qua trinh oxi hoa kim loai M (qua trinh nhucmg electron):
147 7Q8 0 +n
M - -> M + ne
=> C% (ddHN03) = . 100% = 20%
8,4M -> 8,4n/M ,1.
Vay M la Zn va C%(HN03) = 20% 8,4n
Dap an diing la B. ' Do do ta c6: = 0,375 => M = 22,4n.
M
Cau 3: X la m6t phi kim c6 s6' oxi hoa duong cao nha't bang ^ s6' oxi hoa am thap
Ta CO bang:
nha't (ti'nh theo tri tuyet d6'i) va khoi luong phan tir oxi cao nha't ciia X ga'p 4 , 1 7 6
Kim loai Fe Mg Ca Cu
\in khoi luong phan tir hop chat khi ciia X voi hidro. X la
M 56 24 40 64
A. clo. B. photpho. C. luu huynh. D. nito.
N 2,5 1,07 1,79 2,86
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Kd't luan Thoa man Loai Loai Loai
- X la phi kim nen X CO the d nhom VIIA, VIA, VA hoac IVA.
- Goi n la so oxi hoa duong cao nha't (n = 7, 6, 5, 4) => trj tuyet d6'i so oxi hoa Khi M la kim loai Fe thi n = 2,5, tiic Ih sk tao ra hai s6' oxi hod Ik +2 vh +3.
am thap nha't ciia X la 8 - n. Dap an diing la A . 'viM'--'
C A U 5: Khi cho oxit ciia m6t kim loai h6a trj n tdc dung vdi dung dich H N O 3 dir thi
Taco: — ^ = - = > n = 5 (XonhomVA) tao th^nh 34,0 g muC>i nitrat va 3,6 g nude (kh6ng c6 san phdm khdc).
8-n 3
Hoi do 1^ oxit cua kim loai nao va kh6'i luong ciia oxit kim loai da phan ling la
Suy ra oxit cao nha't X 2 O 5 ; hop chat khi cua X vdi hidro XH3.
bao nhidu ?
Taco: + ^-^^^4 175 =31 (photpho) , im>^'''-"''^^'-" Hu&ng ddn gidi
Phan iJng chl tao ra mu5i nitrat va nu6c, chiing to n la h6a tri duy nhit ciia kim
Dap an diing la B. > -i. loai trong oxit. Dat c6ng thiJc ciia oxit kim loai la M20„ va nguyfin tii kh6i ciia
M la A.
209
Phirong tnnh h6a hoc: Th^ tfch dung dich HNO3 c^n dung la V = — = -^1^ = 61,5 (ml)
M,0„+2nHN03 ).2M(N03) + nHjO D 1,365
DdpdnA. ...,^lfi.R*J;:.•..^.m^.•.^ • .
2(A+62n) g 18ng : o!
C&u 7: H6n hop X g6m Fe va kim loai M hoa tri 3. Chia 38,6 gam X th^nh 2 phSn
• " 34,0 g 3,6 g
bang nhau. PhSn 1 cho tan hoan to^n trong dung dich HNO3 loang du thu duoc
T a c 6 t i l 6 : ^(A + 62n)^18n ->2.3,6.(A + 62n) = 34,0.18n => A = 23n. cic san ph^m khii chi c6 NO, NjO (h6n hop Y) vdi t6ng th^ tfch 6,72 1ft, ti kh6'i
34,0 3,6 ciia Y so vdi la 17,8. P h ^ 2 cho vao dung djch ki^m sau m6t then gian tha'y
Chi c6 nghidm n = 1, A = 23 la phil hop. ^. -/ ^ lucmg H , thoat ra vuot qud 6,72 1ft. Bie't cac khf do 6 diû kien tieu chudn.
Vay kim loai M trong oxit la natri jfyyi i p: * £ -V^ a) Xac dinh ten kim loai M va % khd'i luong ciia kim loai trong X.
Phan ling giiJa NajO va HNO,: , , , , :, ^,i ;„ , b) Tfnh kh6'i luong HNO3 da phan ling.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
NajO + 2HNO3 >-2NaN03 + H j O
^ Do HNO3 du nen Fe se tao mu6'i Fe^^ => Coi Fe v^ M c6 c6ng thiic chung M .
62,0g ^ ^^'Og :;i5jy:j' i=> ny = 0,3 mol > •,
X < 3,6 g I Kh<5i luong trung binh ciia Y: 35,6 g/mol. ' ' ' '' '
3,6.62,0 ,^
^ x = - ^
,
= 12,4(g)
I H6n hop Y la 0,3 mol; a la s6' mol
> 30a + (0,3 - a ) 4 4 = 35,6 => a = 0,18 mol
Kh6'i luong ciia oxit kim loai da phan ling la 12,4 gam [ => Ti le mol NO/N2O = 3/2
Cau 6: Hoa tan 12,8 g kim loai hoa trj II trong m6t lucmg vita dii dung dich HNO3 j Phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia phdn 1:
60,0 % (D = 1,365 g/ml), thu duoc 8,96 lit (dktc) m6t khi duy nha't mau nau do.
Ten ciia kim loai va the' tich dung dich HNO3 da phan dug la 25M + 96HNO3 —!—>25M(N03)3 + + ^ ^ 2 ^ + 48H2O (l)
A. D6ng;61,5ml t v i / C. Thuy ngan; 125,6 ml « 0.18.25
= 0,5 mol.
B. Chi; 65,1 ml . D. Sat; 82,3 ml
Hu&ng ddn gidi X tac dung voi ki^m c6 khf thoat ra nen M se phan ling.
O n M la kim loai hoa trj I I dn tim d6ng thoi cung la kh6'i lugmg mol nguyfin tir Phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia phin 2:
ciia no. Phan ling: ' > - • 4!".
+ 3H2O + OH" M(OH)J"+3/2H2 (2)
i M + 4HNO3 M(N03)2 + 2N02t + 2H2O
J (mau mau do) , v | > 2.0,3/3 = 0,2 >0,3 mol
8 96 >i X la s6 mol ciia M=>s6 mol Fe: 0,5 - x mol
S6' mol khi NO. = - — = 0,40 (mol). Theo phuong trinh hoa hoc:
• 22,4
>Mx + ( 0 , 5 - x ) 5 6 = 1 9 , 3 ^ M = ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ vdi 0 . 2 < x < 0 , 5
n 40 0 40 4
= ^ = 0,20 mol va nHN03 =^~^= 0,80 (mol)
2 2 8,7 8.7
•0,2< < 0.5 => 12,5 < M < 38,6 => Chi c6 A l .
12 8 56-M 56-M
•X = 0,3 mol
KheJi lirong mol nguyen tii ciia kim loai M : M = = 64,0 (g/mol).
f&y %mî = ^ 2 1 100% = 41,97%; %niF^ =58,03%
=>kimloailaCu(d6ng). <•
Kh6'i lircmg HNO3 tham gia phan ling = 0,80.63 = 50,40 (gam)
50,40.100 Theo (1) nHNOj = ^ ^ f ^ = 1.92 (mol)
Kh6'i luong dung djch HNO3 60,0% da dung = — — - — = 84 (gam)
ou,u => Khefi luong l i N O j phan ling = 63.1,92= 120,96 gam.
210 211
C&u 8: Chia 16,68 gam h6n hop X g6m Fe va kim loai R (hoa tri kh6ng d6i) thanh X = 0,08(mol);y = 0,04(mol)
ba phdn bang nhau.
PhSn 1 cho vao dung dich HCl du, sau phan ling xay ra hoan toan chi thu dugc =:>%mFe =80,67%;%mAi =19,33%.
dung djch va 3,136 lit Hj. b.EhloJ:
Phdn 2 cho vao dung dich HNO3 loang, du sau khi phan ihig xay ra hoan toan Sau phan utig khd'i luong chat ran tang = 8,64-5,56 = 3,08 gam
thu duoc 2,688 lit khi NO (san ph£m khir duy nha't). Cac th^ tich khi do of dktc.
Khi A l phan ung hfi't, khd'i luong chat rSn tang .,
a. Xac dinh kim loai R va tinh thanh phSn phin tram kh6'i luong m6i kim loaj
trong h6n hop ban dSu. = 64.0,06 - 27.0,04 = 2,76 gam < 3,08 gam=>Al phan ling he't.
b. Cho phSn 3 vao V lit dung djch CUSO4 I M , sau khi phan ung xay ra hoan toan Khi Fe phan ling het, khd'i luong chat ran tang
thu diroc 8,64 gam cha't rln. Tinh V. = 2,76 + 0,08(64-56) = 3,4 gam >3,08 gam ^ Fe phan img chua hd't.
Hu&ng ddn gidi Vay AI phan utig hd't, Fe phan ling m6t phSn, goi s6' mol Fe phan ling la z (mol)
a. M6i phSn c6 kh6'i 5,56 gam; goi trong m6i phSn c6 chiia x mol Fe va y mol kim
2A1 + 3CUSO4 ^ AI2 (SO4 \ 3Cu (5)
loai R.
0,04^0,06 0,06(mol) K I '
Fe + 2HCl->FeCl2 + H2 (l) , , Fe + CuS04->FeS04+Cu (6) .^00 4
x (mol) -> x ' '•'* ' mnM&& z(mol)->z ^ z ,a' ' ..^ ^
R + nHCl->RCl„+|H2 (2) =^ 2,76 + (64 - 56) .z = 3,08 => z = 0,04 (mol)
=>Z"cuS04 Phaniing =.0,06 + 0,04 = 0,1 (mol) ^"f'',

n
=> V = 0,1 lit = 100 ml.
Q u 9: Hoa tan hoan toan 1,62 gam nh6m vao 280 ml dung dich HNO3 I M duoc
nH2 =0,14(mol)=c>x + | . y = 0,14 (l) dung dich A va khi NO (san ph^m khij duy nha't). Mat khac, cho 7,35 gam hai
kim loai kiem thudc hai chu ki lifin tie'p vao 500 ml dung djch HCl, duoc dung
Phdn 2: djch B va 2,8 lit khi H . (dktc). Khi trdn dung djch A vao dung djch B tha'y tao
, Fe + 4HNO3 -> Fe(N03)3 + NO + 2H2O (3) thanh 1,56 gam ket tiia.
a. Xac djnh tan hai kim loai ki^m. *;
'. • ' I. X ^ . •• , „ • X -
b. Tinh n6ng d6 moi/1 ciia dung djch HCl da diing. |£
3R+4nHN03^3R(N03)^+nNO+2nH20 (4)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Phuong trinh hoa hoc:
A l + 4 H N 0 3 ^ A l ( N 0 3 ) 3 + N O + 2H20 (1)
n N o - 0 , 1 2 ( m o l ) = ^ x + | . y = 0,12 (ll) 2M + 2 H C 1 ^ 2 M C I + H2 (2)
0 12 2 M + 2 H 2 0 ^ 2 M O H + H2 (3)
Giai hf phuong trinh (I), (H) ta c6: x = 0,08(mol);y = Ban dSu: s6 mol A l : 0,06 mol; s^ mol HNO3: 0,28 mol | ; jj^J
Sau phan ihig HNO3 con du: 0,04 mol
Theo kh6'i luong h6n hop ban dSu ta c6: 56x + M R .y = 5,56
Khi cho h6n hop hai kim loai ki^m vao dung dich H Q thi xay ra phan iJng (2)
O M R ==9.n;n lahoatri. ; f v S!^ CO the CO phan ling (3):
n = l = > M R -9(loai) " ^- Theo PTHH: s6' mol M = s6' mol H , = 0,25 mol => M = 29,4
n = 2=>MR-18(loai) ^> hai kim loai ki^m thu6c hai chu ki lidn tie'p nen Na, K thoa man
n = 3 ^ M R =27=> K i m l o a i R l a A l ; n = 3. (23<29,4<39) g , , , ,j i
Khi tr6n hai dung dich A B c6 kfi't tua tao ra chumg to ban dû c6 phan vtng Xa CO bang:
(3), ta CO phucmg trinh hoa hoc: , ... n 1 2 3
H N O 3 + MOH ^ MNO3 + H 2 O (4) R 28 56 84
Kl Lx)ai Fe Loai
Al(N03)2+3MOH-^-Al(OH)3+3MN03 (5)
Chi CO n = 2 (m = 3) ihig vdi R = 56 la thoa man. Vay kim loai R la Fe.
S6 mol k6't tua: A l ( 0 H ) 3 = 0,02 mol nho Hon s6 mol A l ( N O 3 ) 3 . Nfin c6 2 kha
nang: Dang 8: Bdi tap ve photpho va hop chat cua photpho
+) Tru&nghapl: A l ( N 0 3 ) 3 condirthi s6'mol MOH = 0,04 + 0,02.3 = 0,1 mol U thuyet van dung va phuofng phap giai:
=>S6molMphan umg (2) =0,25-0,1=0,15 mol Photpho la phi kim tucmg d6'i boat ddng. Photpho trang boat d6ng hoa hoc manh
=^ S6 mol HQ = 0,15 mol =^ C M ( H C I ) = 0,3M. ,, ^ . ^ hem photpho do. Trong cac hc>p chat, photpho c6 %6 oxi hoa -3, +3 va +5. Do do,
+) Tru&ng hap 2: MOH con du, A1(0H)3 tan trd lai m6t phSn: ' ' khi tham gia phan ting hoa hoc photpho th^ hidn ti'nh oxi hoa hoac tinh khijf.
Photpho the' hifin tinh oxi hoa khi tac dung vdi m6t s6' kim loai boat ddng tao ra
A l (OH)3 + MOH M A I O 2 + 2H2O (6)
photphua kim loai. .u.a •„,, :.n:i .iiV^:
S6mol A1(0H)3 tan = 0,06 - 0,02 = 0,04 mol. ' -
Tilf cdc phirong trinh (4, 5, 6) ta c6: '" •* ' Thidu: 2P + 3Ca ^ Cajp' canxi phophua
S6' mol MOH = 0,04+ 0,06.3+ 0,04 = 0,26 mol (loai, vi 1dm hom s6' mol M Photpho th^ hidn tinh khix khi tac dung vdi cic phi kim boat ddng nhu oxi,
ban dSu). v ; halogen, liru huynh,... va cac hop chat c6 tinh oxi hoa manh khac.
Khi ho^ tan cung m6t lirgmg kim loai R vô dung djch H N O 3 loang va vao
C a u 10: Photpho chay duoc trong khdng khi khi d6't ndng:
dung dich H2SO4 loang thi thu duoc khi NO va H2 c6 th^ tich bang nhau (do 6 +3
thie'uoxi: 4P + 3 0 , -> 2P2O3 diphotpho trioxit
cung diû kien). Bie't kh6'i luong mu6'i nitrat thu duoc bang 159,21% kh6'i luong
mu6i sunfat. Xac djnh kim loai R. ijj yiv A 0 +5
dix oxi: 4P + 5 0 . -> 2P2O5 diphotpho pentaoxit
Hu&ng ddn gidi Ah
Goi n la hoa trj ciia kim loai R, a la s6' mol R da dung of m6i phan ling. Hiotpho tac dung d^ dang vdi khi clo khi dd't nong:
0 +3
PTPlT: 3R + 4nHN03 -> 3R(N03)„ + nNO + 2nH20 thie'u clo: 2P + 302 2PCI3 photpho triclorua
a a an/3 'v ''-.'J fi''
0 +5
2R + H2SO4 ^ R2(S04)„ + nH, du clo: ->r 2PCI5 photpho pentaclorua
2P + 5C1.2
a a/2 an/ 2
Axit photphoric la axit ba nSc, cd d6 manh trung binh, c6 ta't ca nhOng tinh cha't
Theo bai ra: an/ 3 = an/ 2 => v6 If. chung ciia axit. Khi tac dung vdi dung djch ki^m, tuy theo lucmg chSt t&c dung
Didu nay chihig to R c6 hoa trj thay d6i. Khi R tac dung vdi HNO3 la ch&t oxi ma axit photphoric tao ra mu6'i axit, hoac mu6'i trung boa, hoac hop cac mu6i
hoa manh th^ hidn hoa tri cao la m: dd.
PTPlT: 3R + 4mHN03 3R(N03)„ + mNO + 2mH20
a a am/ 3 Datk=-5î^.ne'u:
"H3PO4
k < 1: Tao ra KH2PO4, H3PO4 du.

3 2
Ta c6 he: k=l: TaoraKH2P04.
a.(R + 62m) = i ^ . - . 2 R + 96n (2) 1 < k < 2: Tao ra KH2PO4 va K2HPO4.
^ 100 2 ^^ k = 2: Tao ra K2HPO4.
Tiir (1) => m = 1,5n. Thay m vao (2): 2 < k < 3: Tao ra K2HPO4 va K3PO4.
=> R + 62. l,5n = 1,5921. (R + 48n) k = 3: Tao ra K3PO4.
R + 93n = 1,5921. R + 76,42n k>3: Tao ra K3PO4, K O H du.
=> 0,592IR = 16,58n => R = 28n.
Biû d i l n tr&n true s6': K 2 H P O 4 + K O H ^ K 3 P O 4 + H2O
KH2P04 KH,P04 K2HPO4 K3PO4 0,01 ^0,01 0,01 m^P4pMV'-4nM:
H3PO4 du K2HPO4 K3PO4 KOHdu Pap dung la B.
3
1 2 'jfiidu3: Thanh phSn chinh cua quSng photphorit la
f
KH2P04 K2HPO4 K3PO4 A.Ca3(P04)2. B.NH4H2PO4. C. Ca(H2P04)2. D . CaHP04.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Thi du 1: O x i hoa hoan toan 3,1 gam photpho trong khi oxi du. Cho toan b6 san
ph^m vao 200 m l dung dich NaOH IM de'n k h i phan ting xay ra hoan toan, Thanh phSn chinh cua quang photphorit la Ca3(P04)2 (canxi photphat).
thu duoc dung djch X. Kh6'i luong mu6'i trong X la Pap an diing la A.
A. 16,4 gam B. 14,2 gam C. 12,0 gam D . 11,1 gam fhidu 4: Cho 0,1 mol P2O5 vao dung djch chiia 0,35 m o l KOH. Dung djch thu
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khoi A nam 2013) duoc CO cac chat
Hu&ng ddn gidi A. K 3 P O 4 , K 2 H P O 4 . B. K 2 H P O 4 , K H 2 P O 4 .
Theo bai ra: np = 3,1/31 = 0,1 (mol); nN,0H = 0,2.1 = 0,2 (mol) C. K 3 P O 4 , K O H . , ,* D. H3PO4, K H 2 P O 4 .
PTHH: 4P + 5 0 2 ^ 2 P A n , (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B)
0,1 0,05 (mol) ' * ' Hu&ng ddn gidi

J*v:
P2O5 + 3H2O - > 2H3PO4 Cac PTPir (CO thi CO):
I f e i €lM 0,05 ^ 0,1 (mol)
ilNaOH_ = 2l^ = 2 =^ Xay ra phan ling: P2O5 + 3H2O — > 2H3PO4

nH3P04
H3PO4 + 2NaOH - > Na2HP04 + 2H2O 0,1 (mol) 0,2 (mol) '
Vi 1 < J 1 K O H _ ^ 2:2^ ^2 tao ra K H 2 P O 4 va K , H P 0 4 : *>«»i
0,1 ^ 0,2 0,1 (mol) nH3P04 0-2
Vay kh6'i luomg mu6'i (Na2HP04): m = 0,1. 142 = 14,2 (gam). ."•Vj
Dap an dung la B. H3PO4+ K O H >KH2P04+H20 feaw 1

H3PO4 + 2 K O H ). K 2 H P O 4 + 2H2O
Thidu 2: Cho 1,42 gam PjO, tac dung hoan toan vdd 50 m l dung djch KOH IM,
Dap an dung la B. <^
thu duoc dung djch X . C6 can dung djch X thu duoc chat ran khan gdm Thidu 5: Cho 100 m l dung djch KOH 1,5M vao 200 m l dung djch H3PO4 0,5M.
A. KH2PO4 va K2HPO4. B. K2HPO4 va K3PO4. thu duoc dung djch X . C6 can dung djch X , thu duoc h6n hop g6m cac chat la
C. K3PO4 va K O H . D . H3PO4 va KH2PO4. A. K 3 P O 4 va K O H . B. K H 2 P O 4 va H 3 P O 4 .
(Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A) C. KH2PO4 va K2HPO4. D . KH2PO4 va K 3 P O 4 .
Hu&ng ddn gidi . (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B)
Theo bai ra: npÔj =0,01(mol); n ^ o H =0,05 (mol) Hu&ng ddn gidi
P205 + 3 H 2 0 ^ 2 H 3 P 0 4 Theo bai ra: n ^ o H = 0,1. 1,5 = 0,15 (mol); nHjpo^ = 0,2. 0,5 = 0,1 (mol).
0,01 0,02
V. i<-ilKOH_ = 0J5 ^ j ^ ^ ^ 2 n e n :
nH3P04 0,1
Vi 2< = 2,5<3
nH3P04 0'02 KOH + H 3 P O 4 > KH2PO4 + H 2 O
Tao ra 2 mu6'i la K 2 H P O 4 va K 3 P O 4 V ''i .A
KOH + K H 2 P O 4 > K 2 H P O 4 + H2O
H3PO4 + 2 K O H K 2 H P O 4 + 2H2O
Vay thu duoc h6n hop KH2PO4 va K2HPO4.
0,02 0,04 -> 0,02 ^ E>ap an dung la C .
Jb.< 217
3. Cac bai tap t u luyen: Vi 2 mu6'i NaH2P04
Vi: Na2HP04 c6 n6ng d6 mol bang nhau {thd' tich cung blng
Cku 1: Thuy phan hoan to^n hgrp chat 20,625 gam PQ, thu diroc dung dich X chiig phau) => 2 mu6'i c6 s6' mol bang nhau (x mol)
h6n hcrp 2 axit H3PO3 va HCl. Th^ tich dung dich NaOH 2M d^ trung ho^ dung Yi nguyfin t6'natri bao toan n6n:
dich X la + 2x = 0,6 => 3x = 0,6 => X = 0,2 (mol)
X 1;; ;
A. 450 ml B. 225 ml C. 750 ml D. 375 ml Vi nguydn t6'photpho bao toan ndn: ,>i
:.vÂr'':^ f-^^ :A':,;V'I' Hu&ngddngidi
X +X- 0,2 + 0,2 = ^ m = 71.0.4 = 28,4 (gam)
Theobaira: npcij = = 0,15 (mol)
£)ap an dung la B. fXivjij
y: Cac phuong trinh phan ihig xay ra: •
PTPlT: PCI3+3H2O >H3P03+3HC1 _
P2O5 + 3H2O -> 2H3PO4 . • ,
Axit photphorof ''''''' '':'''\}'^^ H3PO4 + NaOH ^ NaH2P04 + H2O * - ' '' '
0,15 > 0,15^ 0,45 (mol) ':[}Y]n/^'^4:f): H3PO4 + 2NaOH Na2HP04 + 2H2O v^fp
HCl + NaOH ^NaCl + H j O cau 3: Cho 100 ml dung djch H3PO4 IM tac dung vdi 21,875 ml dung dich NaOH
25% (d = 1,28 gam/ml) sau do dem pha loang bang nirdc ca't thu duoc 250 ml
' 0,45-> 0,45 (mol) ^
dung dich X. Hoi trong X c6 nhSng hop chat nao ciia photpho va n6ng d6 mol Ih
H3PO3 + 2NaOH > Na2HP03 + 2H2O bao nhidu (bo qua su thuy phan ciia cac mu6i)?
0,15 -> 0,3 (mol) Mud'i trung hoa A.Na3PO4 0,4M B. NaH2PO4 0 , l M vaNa2HPO4 0.3M
=> "NaOH =0-45+0,3 = 0,75(mol) C. NaH2P04 0,4M • D. Na2HP04 0.1M va Na3P04 0.3M.
^'•'^ • . ' 1.'-)
Hu&ng dan gidi
W H = ^ = 0.375 (1ft) = 375 (ml) ^ Theo bai ra: n^^po^ = 0,1.1 = 0,1 (mol); ' ; ^,
Dap An dung la D. 21.875.1,28.25 .

Chu V. -CrCTcuaaxitphotphoraHjPOj: > . W^^^^^^^ fi:0'',;f "NaOH = = 0,175(mol) ,
100.40 ' V ;
NaOH + H3PO4 > NaH2P04 + HjO '
H-O -P-O-H ( 1
0,1 < - 0,1 -> 0.1 (mol)
C6n: 0,075 0 '^ * 0.1 (mol) ^
H3PO3 mdiaxit: H 3 P O 3 + HjPO^ :,"
NaH2P04 + NaOH > Na2HP04 + H2O
H2P03?:iH^+HPO^'
0,075 < - 0,075 0,075 ^
Do vay H3PO3 chi tac dung vdi NaOH theo ti Id toi da C6n: 0,025 0 0,075 (mol) "/^ ' ;
Vay trong X c6 NaH2P04 va Na2HP04
Ndn mu6'i NajHPOj tuy con nguydn t6' hidro trong g6c axit nhimg 1^ mu6i C 0,025^,,,.^ 0,075
'NaH2P04 ="5;^ = ° ' ' ^ ^ CN,3„PO4 =-^=0,3M I/' " '
trung hoa.
Cau 2: Cho m gam PjO, vho 300 ml dung djch NaOH 2 M thi dung djch sau phan Dap an dung la B. • ^1 v • '
ling chi chiia 2 mu6'i NaH2P04, Na2HP04 c6 n6ng d6 mol bang nhau. Gia trj cua ^û 4: D6't chay hoan toan 6,2 g photpho trong oxi du. Cho san phim tao thanh tac
mia dung vCta du vdi dung djch NaOH 32% tao ra mu6'i Na2HP04.
A. 14,2 . V i B.28,4 C.21,3 D.71,0 3. Vife't phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan umg xay ra.
^ O Hu&ngddngidi ,^.,,^^„, l ' . Tinh kh6'i luong dung djch NaOH da dung.
Theo bai ra: nNaOH = 0-3.2 = 0,6(mol) ,j , ,, c. Tinh ndng d6 phin tram ciia mu6i trong dung djch thu diroc sau phan itng.
Hudng ddn gidi Hu&ng ddn gidi
PTHH: P2O5 + 3 H 2 O > 2H3PO4
a. PTHH: 4P + 2P2O5 (1)
1 mol 2 mol
P2O5 + 4NaOH > 2Na2HP04 + H j O (2) 6 " 2.6^ ,^
-— 1 (mol)
142 142
b. S6'mol Ptham gia phan ling: = 0,2(mol)
(ft Khd'i luongdungdjch sau phan ling: 25.1,03+ 6 = 31,75 (g) , v
. Tir (1, 2) ta CO so d6 phan umg: , ,,, , Kh6'i luong H,P04 sau khi them PjO,: ,1
25.1,03.6 6 ^
2P >P 2 O 3 — > 2Na2HP04
(I H " . 100 71 '
• 2nriol 1 mol 4 mol 2 mol • ^^ ,r
«r > ' i n
0,2mol -)• 0,1 mol -> 0,4mol -> 02, mol N6ng do cua dung dich H3PO4 thu duoc: C%H^po^ = ^'^^'^^"^^ = 30,94%.
S6' gam dung dich NaOH da dung: ^^^-^^^^^=50 (gam) Cau 8: D6't chay hoan toan 6,2 g photpho trong oxi la'y du. Cho san ph^m tao thanh
tac dung vori 150,0 ml dung dich NaOH 2,0 M . Sau phan irng, trong dung dich
c) Dua vao (3) tinh duoc 0,2 mol Na2HP04. thu duoc cac mu6'i:
Khd'i lucmg dung dich Na2HP04 A. NaH2P04 va Na2HP04 B. Na2HPb4 va Na3P04
mddNa2HP04 = 14,2 + 50=64,2(gam) C. NaH2P04 va Na3P04 D. Na3P04
Hu&ng ddn gidi
N6ng d6 phSn tram ciia mu6'i Na2HP04:
Cac phan iJng c6 the' xay ra:
0,2.142.100% _
.0
^^''ddNa2HP04 44,Z/o. 4P + 5O2 —!-^2P205 (I)
Cau 5: De thu ducrc mu6'i photphat trung hoa, cin la'y bao nhieu ml dung dich P2O5+ 2NaOH + H 2 O > 2NaH2P04 (2) ^5*
NaOH 1,00M cho tac dung \6i 50,0 ml dung dich H3PO4 0,50M?
P205 + 4 N a O H )• 2Na2HP04 + H2O (3)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
S6'mol H3P04 = 0,05.0,5 = 0,025 (mol) , y P2O5 + 6 N a O H > 2Na3P04 + 3H2O (4)
PTHH: H3PO4 + 3NaOH > â^-jÔ^ + SHjO
rac6: np = ^ = 0,20 (mol); n^ôH = ^^"'""^'^ = 0,30 (mol)
0,025 mol-)- 0,075 mol , \-,
31 1000 I
=> So mol NaOH cin bang 0,075 mol ,^
The tich dung djch NaOH I M : ''^f San ph^m tao thanh khi dd't photpho la P2O5
VddNaOH = ^ = 0,075(1) = 75(ml). Theo (1), s6' mol P2O5 = ^ . U p = ^ = 0,10 (mol)
Dat T = "NaOH ^0'30 ^3^2 ^; „
Cau 6: M6t loai quang photphat c6 chiia 35% Ca3(P04)2. Hay tinh ham luong phan npôs 0,10 1
tram P2O5 c6 trong quang tren.
Ti le mol nam trong khoang 2 va 4, do do theo cac phan ling (2) va (3) trong
! Hu&ng ddn gidi
dung djch thu duoc c6 hai mu6'i duoc tao thanh la NaH,P04 va Na.HP04.
Ham luofng phSn tram P2O5 c6 trong loai quang trdn: OapanA.
CAU 9: D6't chay a gam photpho do trong kh6ng khi la'y dir, r6i hoa tan hoan toan
, . ^ ^ ^ . 3 5 ^ = 16,03%.
''''' M,,3(po4)^ 310 san ph^m thu duoc vao 500,0 ml dung djch H3PO4 85,00% (D = 1,700 g/ml).
Sau khi hoa tan san ph^m, n6ng d6 cua dung djch H3PO4 xac djnh duoc la
Cau 7: Cho 6,00 g P2O5 vao 25,0 ml dung dich H3PO4 6,00% (D = 1,03 g/ml). Tinh 92,60 %. Tinh gia trj ciia a.
n6ng d6 ph^n tram cua H3PO4 trong dung dich tao thanh.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Vi ti le s6' mol H2SO4 va Ca3(P04)2la: 1 < = 1,60 < 2
Photpho chay trong kh6ng khi du theo phan dug: 0,20
4P + 5O2 — ^ 2PA <1) jsfen chi x^y ra phan iJng (1) va (2) tao ra hai mudi CaHI>04 va Ca(H2P04)2.
4.31,0 g 2.142,0 g *
' Goi X va y la s6' mol Ca3(P04)2 tham gia cac phan ling (1) va (2), thi s6 mol
H2SO4 tham gia phan ling (1) va (2) la x + 2y.
P2O5 tan trong nude tao thanh H3PO4 theo phan ung:
Theo bai ra ta c6 ht phuong tnnh:
PA + 3H2O 2H3PO4 ' (1)
x + y = 0,20 X =0,08 (mol)
142,0 g 2. 98,0 g ' ^' ^
Theo(l):4. 31,0 g P tao ra 2. 142,0 gPjO, , 5* * x + 2y = 0,32 y = 0,12 (mol)
H6n hop ran thu duoc g6m CaHP04, CaS04 va Ca(H2P04)2:
=> a g P tao ra = 2,29a (g) P A
mcaHP04 = 2.0,08.136 = 21,76 (g)
4.31,0 -' . I ' , 1) .
Theo cac phan img (1) va (2): ""03504 = 13^= + 2. 0,12). 136 = 43,52 (g).
- - f ^ 4. 31,0 (g) P tao ra 4. 98,0 (g) H3PO4 ' - '
4 980a mca(H2P04)2 = 0,12. 234 = 28,8 (g)
a g P tao ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ = 3,16a (g) H,P04
Cdu 11: Rot dung djch 11,76 g H3PO4 vao dung dich cihiia 16,80 g KOH. Sau phan
Khd'i luong H3PO4 c6 trong 500,0 ml dung dich 85,00%: ling, cho dung djch bay hoi den kh6. Tinh kh6'i luong mu<5i khan thu duoc.
500,0.1,700.85,00 ^, , Hu&ng ddn gidi
N...^ [^5 S6 mol H3PO4 = = 0,12 (mol)
Kh6'i lucmg H3PO4 sau khi da hoa tan PjO, = (722,5 + 3,16a) (g) 98,0
Kh6'i luong ciia dung dich H3PO4 sau khi da hoa tan PÔ, : , ' ^
500,0. 1,700 + 2,29a = 850,0 + 2,29a (g) S6- mol KOH = = 0,30 (mol)
56,0
Theo bai ra khi hoa tan san ph^m, nong d6 H3PO4 la 92,60% ndn:
Cac phan ling c6 thd' xay ra:
2 ? M ± ^ , 0 0 % =92,60%. ^ H3PO4 + KOH KH2PO4+ H2O
v.. 850,0+2,29a , , (1)
H3PO4 + 2 K 0 H - > K2HPO4+ 2H2O (2)
Giai ra ta duoc a = 62,11 g photpho. .
H3PO4 + 3 K O H ^ K3PO4+ 3H2O (3)
Cau 10: Cho 62,0 g canxi photphat tac dung voi 49,0 g dung djch axit sunfuric
64,0%. Lam bay hoi dung dich thu duoc d6'n can kh6 thi duoc m6t h6n hop ran KOH 0,30
Taco: T = • = 2,5
Xac dinh thanh phSn khd'i luong m6i cha't trong h6n hop rdn, bie't rSng c^c phan H3PO4 0,12
ling dû xay ra v6\u suSit 100%. *;« Gia tri T nSm giOa 2 va 3, ndn chi xay ra cac phan ling (2) \k (3), nghla la tao ra
Hu&ng ddn gidi hai mu6'i K2HPO4 va K3PO4.
Cac phan ung c6 th^ x^y ra: Goi X la s6' mol H3PO4 tham gia phan ling (2) v^ y la s6' mol H3PO4 tham gia
Ca3(P04), + H . S O 4 2 C a H P 0 4 + CaS04 (1) phan ling (3): x + y=0,12 (a)
Ca3(P04)2 + 2H2SO4 Ca(H2P04)2 + 2CaS04 (2) Theo cac phan ling (2) va (3) t6ng s6' mol KOH tham gia phan ling:
Ca3(P04)2 + 3H2SO4 ^ 2H3PO4 + 3CaS04 (3) 2x + 3y = 0,30 (b)
Tii (a) va (b) giai ra ta duoc: x = 0,06 mol, y = 0,06 mol.
S6'molCa3(P04),=-^^=0,2(mol) T6ng kh6'i luong hai mud'i:
310,0 ^ ' ' Hi til'
49 0 64 0 ' mK2HP04+ mK3P04 =0,06. 174,0 + 0,06.212,0 = 23,16 (g) '

S6' mol H2SO4 = ' ' = 0,32 (mol)
100.98,0 y
Dang 9: Bdi tap ve phan bon hod hoc
"j^lîdu 3: M6t loai phan kali c6 th&nh phSn chinh la KCl (c6n lai Ih cac tap chit
1. L i thuyet v^n dung va phirong phap giai: khdng chura kali) duc«c san xult tiif quSng xinvinit c6 d6 dinh duQng 55%.
- Xem bang torn tit of phSn If thuuyet. phin tram kh6'i luong ciia KCl trong loai phan kali d6 I I
- D6 dinh duong ciJa phan kali duac danh gia blng ham luong ^cKjO tuong
A. 87,18%. B. 65,75%. C. 88,52%. D. 95,51%.
vdd lugmg kali c6 trong thanh ph^n ciia no.
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoi A)
- D6 dinh duong ctia phan lan duoc danh gia blng ham luong %P205 tuong ijf,j
Hu&ng ddn gidi
voi luong photpho c6 trong thanh phin ciia no.
- D6 dinh duong ciia phan dam duoc danh gia blng ham lucmg % N trong phan. Gia siJr c6 lOOg phan kali 66 => kh6'i luong KjO tuong ling la 55(g)
= > n K 2 0 = 0,585 (mol)
2. Cac thi du minh hoa: ''
= > H K C ! = 2 n K 2 0 = 1.17 (mol) (vi 2KC1 ^ KjO)
Thidu 1: Phat bie'u nao sau day la dung?
A. Thanh phSn chinh cua supephotphat kep g6m hai mu6'i Ca(H2P04), va =^mKa= 1,17.74,5-87,18(g)
CaS04 i'V-.,-,
B. Ure C O c6ng thu-c la (NH2)2CO Vay %mKci = - ^ ^ ^ . 1 0 0 % - ^ ^ . 1 0 0 % = 87,17
C . Supephotphat don chi c6 Ca(H2P04)2 "Ipkali 100
D. Phan lan cung ca'p nito cho cay tr6ng. Dap an diing la A.
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoi B nam 2013) Thi du 4: Phan bon nitrophotka (NPK) la h6n hop ciia:
Hudmgddngidi }(> A. (NH4)2 HPO4 va KNO3 B. NH4H2PO4 v l KNO3
Xet cac phuong an:
C. (NH4)3 PO4 va KNO3 D. (NH4)2 ^ ^ ^ ^ 4 v l NaN03.
A. Sai, vi thanh phSn chinh ciia supephotphat k^p la Ca(H2P04)2
B. Dung: C O . + 2NH3 ) (NH2)2CO + H2O
Hu&ng ddn gidi
ure Nitrophotka I I h6n hop cua (NH4)2HP04 va KNO3
C . Sai, V I thanh phdn chinh ciia supephotphat don la Ca(H2P04)2 va CaS04: _ Dap an diing la A.
Ca3(P04)2 + 2H2SO4 - » 2CaS04 + Ca(H2P04)2 Thidu 5: Phat bieu nao sau day la diing?
* D. Sai, V I phan lan cung ca'p nguydn t6' photpho cho cay tr6ng.
A. Phan urd CO c6ng thiic la (NH4)2C03.
Dap an dung la B.
Thi du 2: Thanh phin chinh ciia phln bon phitc hop amophot la B. Phan h6n hop chiia nito, photpho, kali duoc goi chung la phSn NPK.
A. Ca3(P04)2 va (NH4)2HP04. B. NH4NO3 va Ca(H2P04)2. jfcC. Phan lan cung d p nito h o i hop cho cay dudi dang ion nitrat ( N O J j v l
C. NH4H2PO4 va (NH4)2HP04. D. NH4H2PO4 va Ca(H2P04)2.
H ion amoni (NH4J .
(Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang khd'i
Hu&ng ddn gidi Hp. Amophot I I h6n hop cac mueii (NH4)2HP04 v l KNO3.
Khi cho amoniac (NH3) tac dung vdi axit photphoric (H3PO4) thu duoc h6 BP' (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khd'i A)
hop cac mu6'i amoni photphat NH4H2PO4 va ( N H 4 ) 2 ^ ^ ^ 4 8 9 ' amophot. Hu&ng ddn gidi
Phan ure c6 c6ng thiic I I (NH2)2CO:
Dap an diing I I C . ^„
2NH3 + CO2 '"-P^"" > (NH2)2CO + H2O
Chu v: NH3 + H3PO4 -> NH4H2PO4 (amoni dihidrophotphat)
Phan h6n hop chiia d6ng then c l 3 nguydn l6 nito, photpho v l kali, duoc goi I I
2NH3 + H2PO4 -)• (NH4)2 HPO4 (amoni hidrophotphat) phan NPK. .
Phan lan cung ca'p photpho cho cay du6i dang ion photphat (PO4 ).
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Con phan dam cung ca'p nito cho cay dirdi dang ion nitrat ( N O 3 ) va ion amoni
Amophot la h6n hop N H 4 H 2 P O 4 va HPO4
(NH;). '
- Amophot la h6n hop cac mu6'i NH4H2PO4 va (NH4)2HP04 (thu duoc khi Phan dam cung ca'p nito cho cay tr6ng dudi dang N H 4 hoac N O 3
amoniac tac dung vori axit photphoric H3PO4). SupephophatcothanhphSnchmhla Ca(HP04)2
Con h6n hop (NH4),HP04 va KNO, la nitrophotka (phan h6n hop).
, Khi bon dam amoni thi c6 th^ \hm da't chua, con khi bon dam nitrat hoac ure thi
Vay noi dung dung la B. kh6ng lam da't chua.
Dap an diing la B. • '
=> Phat biû diing 1^ B .^'•.-v* ' ^^î,0K)j^::;-^ ^ ^..m'f:
Thidu 6: Phan bon nao sau day lam tSng d6 chua ciia da't?
Dap an diing la B.
A.KjCOj. B.KCl. C.NH4NO3. D.NaNOj.
Cau 2: D6 dinh duomg ciia m6t loai phan kali chiia 98% K Q (con lai la tap chat
(Trich Pi thi tuyen sink Dai hoc khd'i fl)
kh6ng chiJa nguydn i6 kali) la
Hitcmg ddn gidi A. 61,83%. B. 51,30%. C. 63,09%. D. 64,38%.
D6 chua (do H*) cua da't ting len khi bon NH4NO3 (mu6'i tao tit axit rnanh HNO, Hu&ng ddn gidi
va baza yd'u NH3): D6 dinh duong ciia phan kali duoc danh gia bang phdn tram khd'i luong KjO
NH4NO3 > N H 4 ' + N03- tuong ling c6 trong phan kali d6. Gia siJf c6 l()0g phan kali do => 98g KCl
(98/74,5 mol K Q ) .
NH4^ <zi + NH3
Dap an dung la C. 2KC1 — -> K2O

Thi du 7: M6t loai phan supephotphat kep c6 chiia 69,62% mu6'i canxi 98/74,5 49/74,5(mol)
dihidrophotphat, con lai g6m cac chat kh6ng chiia photpho. Do dinh dudrig
49.94 <•><
ciia loai phan lan nay la m K20 -61,83(g)
74,5
A. 48,52% B. 39,76% C. 42,25% D. 45,75%
(Trich dethi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khd'i B) vay do dinh du6ng ciia phan kali nay: ^''^^.100% ^ g j
Hu&ng ddn gidi ^ 1 0 0
Dap an dung la A.
D6 dinh dirSng ciia phan lan bang % kh6'i lirong ciia P2O5 trong phan lan do. Do
Cau 3: C^n bon bao nhiau kilogam phan dam amoni nitrat chiia 97,5% NH4NO3
do d6 dinh dirSng ciia phan lan nay bang:
cho 10,0 hecta khoai tay, bie't rang 1,00 hecta khoai tay dn 60,0 kg nito.
69,62.Mp^03 69,62.142
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Mca(H2P04)2 ^34 10 ha khoai tay c^n 6 0 . 10 = 600 kg nito
80 kg NH4NO3 c6 28 kg nito
Dap an diing la C.
Chd y: D6 dinh diromg ciia phan dam, phan lan, phan kali \in luot diroc danh gi^ 100 kg phan dam c6 97,5 kg NH3NO3 c6: =34,1 kg ^xta
bang phfin tram kh6'i luong ciia N, P2O5, KÔ theo khd'i Itrgmg. ?, 80
3. Cac bal tap tir luyen: Khd'i luqmg phan dam d^ c6 600kg nito la: ^ ^ ' ^ = 1,76 .10^ ( k g ) .
34,1
Cfiul:Phatbiûdungla: ' '
Cfiu 4: Di san xua't mdt luong phan bon amophot da dung hat 6,000.10^ mol
A. Phan amophot la h6n hop ( N H 4 \4 v^ K N O 3 H3PO4.
a) Tinh the' tich khi amoniac (dktc) c^n dung, bialt ring loai amophot n^y c6 ti 16 ]
B. Phan dam cung ca'p nitro cho cay tr6ng dir6i dang N H 4 hoac NOJ
sd mol nNH4H2ro4 • "(NH4)2HP04 = 1 : 1 -
C. Phan bon supephotphat c6 thanh phSn chmh la Caj ( P 0 4 ) 2
^) Tinh khd'i lirong amophot thu duoc.
D. Khi b6n phan dam cho cay tr6ng thi lu6n lam cho da't trd ndn chua.
001
Hu&ng dan gidi
Hu&ng dan gidi
Kh6'i lucmg Ca(H2P04)2 trong 15,55 g supephotphat don Ik:
PTHH:
15,55.35,43
H3PO4 + NH3 > NH4H2PO4 , 100 -'''^^^^ , .
H3PO4 + 2NH3 > (NH4)2HP04 jCh6'i luong P2O5 trong m l u supephotphat dcm tr6n: ' '' „.
lCa(H2P04)2 - IP2O5
V I nNH4H2P04 •"(NH4)2HP04 =1 • ^ ^6 th^ vid't:
1 mol (234 g) - 1 mol (142 g)l _ 5,51.142
2H3PO4 + 3NH3 » (NH4)2HP04 + NH4H2PO4 ^x = — — = 3.344 ( g ) P 2 0 5
5,5Ig - xg 234
2 mol 3 mol 1 mol 1 mol 3 3'44
6000 mol-^ 9000 mol -> 3000 mol 3000 mol % kh6'i luong cua P2O5 = .100% = 21,50%
13,33
a) ThltichkhiNHaC&diingCdoddktc): 9000.22,4 = 20,16.10" ( l ) .
C§M 7: Phan supephotphat k^p thuc t6' san xua't duoc thucmg chi ling v6i 40,0%
b) Kh6'i lirong amophot thu diroc: P2O5. Ham lucmg (%) ciia canxi dihidrophotphat trong phan bon nay la
•"amophot = ' " ( N H 4 ) 2 H P 0 4 + ' " N H 4 H 2 P 0 4 A. 69,0. B. 65,9. C. 71,3. D. 73,1. '
Hu&ng ddn gidi %
= 3000.(132+ 115) = 7,41.10'(g) = 741 (kg).
Trong 100,0 kg phan supephotphat kep c6 40,0 kg P2O5. Kh6'i luong Ca(H2P04)2
Cû 5: Cho 40,32 m ' amoniac (dktc) tac dung voi 147,0 kg axit photphoric tao
tuong ung voi kh6'i luong P2O5 tr6n duoc tinh theo ti 16:
thanh m6t loai phan bon amophot c6 ti 16 so mol
P2O5 - Ca(H2P04)2
"NH4H2PO4 • "(NH4)2HP04 = 4:1.
142,0 kg 234, Og
1. Vife't phucmg trinh hoa hoc cua phan ting tao thanh phan b6n amophot do. 40,0 kg x kg
2. Tinh kh6'i lucmg (kg) cua amophot thu duoc
X = ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ = 65,9 (kg) Ca(H2P04)2
Hu&ng dan gidi 142,0
1 Phucfng trinh hoa hoc cua phan ling tao thanh phan amophot 6 trdn:
6NH3 + 5H3PO4 ^ 4NH4H2PO4 + (NH4)2HP04 (1) Ham luong (%) ciia Ca(H2P04)2 = .100% = 65,9%
100,0
2. Tinh khd'i lucmg amophot thu duoc:
Dap an diing la B.
S6'mol NH3= 40-321Q0Q^ jgoQ (^^j) C4u 8: Phan Kali clorua san xua't duoc tilr quang xinvinit thucmg chi ufng voi 50,0%
22,40
KjO. Ham luong (%) cua KCl trong phan bon do la
Sdmol H3PO4 = = I500(mol)
^^'^•^^
j | f A.72,9. B.76,0. C. 79,2. D. 75,5.
98 Hu&ng ddn gidi
Ti le mol NH,: s6' mol H3PO4 = 1800: 1500 = 6 : 5, vira diing bang ti 16 hop thifc Xet 100,0 gam phan kali clorua => khd'i luong KjO la 50,0 gam
trong phuong trinh hoa hoc (1). Vay, luong NH3 phan litig vCta dii v6i luong 50,0 , ^ 50,0 ^ ^/ ^
H3PO4. "KCl = 2 n K 2 0 = 2 — (mol) => mâ = 2 . - ^ . 7 4 , 5 = 79,2(gam)
Kh6'i lucmg NH3 C O trong 40,32 m ' khi NH3 = 1800.17 = 30600 (g) = 30,6 Kg
79 2 • •
Ap dung dinh luat bao toan kh6i lucmg: %mKci = — . 1 0 0 % = 79,2%
100
' " N H 3 + ' " H 3 P 0 4 = ' " N H 4 H 2 P 0 4 + I " ( N H 4 ) 2 H P 0 4 = "Ipiiin amophot
Dap an diing la C.
= > n i p H ^ _ p , „ , = 30,6 + 147,0 = 177,6 (kg). Cftu 9: Phan dam urfi thucmg chi chiJa 46,00% N . KheTi luong (kg) ur6 dii d^ cung
C&u 6: M6t m l u supephotphat dom kha'i lucmg 15,55 g chiia 35,43% Ca(H2P04):, cap 70,00 kg nguyen t6' nito la
c6n lai \k CaS04. Tinh ti 16 % P2O5 trong mSu supephotphat dtm tr6n. A. 152,2. B. 145,5. C. 160,9. D. 200,0.
229
Hu&ng ddn gidi ftiidu 3: Di nhan ra ion NO3 trong dung dich B a ( N 0 3 ) 2 , " ^ i ^ ^ ta dun nong
Goi m la khd'i luong (kg) phan dam urfi du di cung c^p 70,00 kg N
nhe dung dich do vdi:
Theo d ^ bai, phan dam urd thuf6ng chi chiia 46,00% N nfen ta c6:
A. K i m loai Cu B. K i m loai Cu va dd H2SO4 loang
C. K i m loai Cu va dd Na2S04. D. Dung djch H2SO4 loang.
100 46,00 ^ : ^ !-"^; (Trich detuyen sink Cao dang khoi A)
Dap an dung la A . . ^... ,,,„,^ „. ^ ,{,sn,H\t^'r Hu&ng ddn gidi

p i i n g k i m loai Cu va H2SO4 loang:
Dang 10: Phan biet, dieu che cdc chat vd phuomg trinh hod hoc Ba (NO3 \ H2SO4 BaS04 i +2HNO3
1. L I thuyet \An dung va phuong phap giai:

8HNO3 + 3 C u — ^ 3 C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 + 2 N O t +4H2O
Nam vftng tinh chat, phirong phap d i l u chd'cac cha't (xem phSn l i thuyet)
tan mau xanh
Dap an diing la B.
Thidu 1: Cho phan ting: FeO + HNO3 -> FeCNO,), + N O + H2O Thi du 4: Day g6m cac k i m loai deu tac dung diroc voi dung djch H Q nhimg
Trong phuong trinh cua phan ling trdn, khi he s6' cua FeO la 3 thi he s6' cua kh6ng tac dung vdd dung djch HNO3 dac, ngu6i la:
HNO3 la A. Cu, Pb, A g B. Cu, Fe, A l
A. 6 B. 8 C. 4 D . 10 C. Fe, M g , A l D. Fe, A l , Cr
(Trich detuyen sink Dai hoc nam 2013 - Khoi B) (Trich detuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
Can b i n g phucmg trinh phan ling: Cac k i m loai Fe, A l , Cr bj thu ddng hoa trong HNO3 dac, ngu6i. Mat khac, cac
+2 +3 kim loai nay dumg tru6c hidro trong day dien hoa nen tac dung duoc voi axit H C l .
3Fe-3.1e->3Fe Dap an diing la D.
+5 +2
N+3e->N CMi--* Cr + 2 H C 1 ( 1 ) — ^ C r C l 2 + H 2
3FeO + IOHNO3 - > 3Fe(N03)3 + NO + SHjO
Cac k i m loai Fe, A l , Cr bj ngam trong axit HNO3 dac, ngu6i (hoac H2SO4 dac,
=>Hese>ciia HN03la 10.
ngu6i) mot thori gian, sau do rixa sach cho vao axit H C l (hoac H2SO4 loang),
Dap an diing la D .
chiing lai khong bj hoa tan (khdng phan ung).
Thi du 2: Thu6c thir dung d^ phan biet dung dich NH4NO3 v6i dung dich
Thidu 5: Trong cac thi nghiem sau:
(NH4)2S04la:
A . D6ng (II) ox.it va dung dich H Q B. K i m loai Cu va dung djch H Q (1) Cho Si02 tac dung vdri axit HP. *
C. Dung dich N a O H va dung dich H Q D. D6ng (11) oxit va dung djch NaOH (2) Cho khi SO2 tac dung vdi khi H2S.
(Trich detuyen sink Cao dang khoi A) (3) Cho khi NH3 tac dung v6i CuO dun nong.
Hudng ddn gidi (4) Cho CaOCU tac dung vdi dung djch H C l dac.
Thu6c thijf la k i m loai Cu va dung dich H Q : (5) Cho Si dom chat tac dung voi dung djch N a O H .
2NH4NO3 + 3Cu + 8HC1 - > 2NH4CI + 3CuCl2 + 2 N 0 1 + 4 H 2 O ' (6) Cho khi O3 tac dung voi A g .
tan xanh (7) Cho dung djch N H 4 C I tac dung voi dung djch NaN02 dun nong. - A
; S6' thi nghiem tao ra dom chat la . ,
(NH4)2 SO4 + Cu + HCl > khdng xay ra
A . 4. B. 7. C.6. D . 5.
Dap an dung la B. (Trich detuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
231
PTHH: SiOj + 4 H F - > SiF4 + 2 H 2 O phan fing nhiet phan khong dung la:
1) SO2 + 2 H 2 S 3 S + 2 H 2 O
NaHCOj — ^ NaOH + CO, '' '
2) 2NH3 + 3CuO — ^ N2 + 3 C u + 3 H 2 O
(Ma la 2NaHC03 » NajCOj + COj + H2O). '
3) CaOClj + 2HC1 -> C a C l 2 + CI2 + H 2 O Pap an dung la D. '
4) Si + 2NaOH + H20->Na2Si03+2H2 ffiidu 9: Cho cac phan irng sau:
5) O3 +2Ag-> Ag20 + 02 H2S + O2 (du) — ^ khi X + H , 0
6) NH4CI + NaN02 — ^ N2 + N H 4 a + 2 H 2 O NH3 + O2 ^^""^•'^ > khi Y + H2O 'f-

Dap dn dung la C . N H 4 H C O 3 + HCl loang > khi Z + N H 4 C I + H2O '
Thi du 6: T6ng hd s6' (cac s6' nguy6n, t6'i gian) cua tat ca cac cha't trong phucmg Cac khi X, Y, Z thu duoc \ki luot la:
trinh phan ling gifia Cu vdri dung djch H N O 3 dSc, nong la A.SO„NO,NH3. • B.SO„N„NH3.
A. 8. B. 10. C. 11. D.9. C. SO2, NO. C O 2 . D. SO3, N , , C O 2 .
(Trlch De thi tuyen sink DH • CD khoiA) . (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B)
Kim loai yd'u nhu Cu,... tac dung voi H N O 3 dac tao ra san p h ^ khir la NOj. Dc Hoan thanh cac PTPU":
do ta hoan thanh duoc PTHH nhu sau:
2H2S + 3O2 (du) — ^ 2SO2 + 2H2O
Cu + 4 H N 0 3 „ 5 , ) > Cu(N03)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O
(X)
tdng h& s6 cac cha't trong PTPU" la 1 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 2 = 1 0 .
Dap an diing la B. 4NH3 + 5 0 , '^""^'^ > 4N0 + 6 H , 0
Thi du 7: Di nhan biet ba axit dac, ngu6i: HCl, H2SO4, H N O 3 dung rifing biet
trong ba lo ma't nhan, ta dung thuoc thix la
N H 4 H C O 3 + HCl > C O 2 + NH4CI + H2O .
A.Cu. B.CuO. C.A1. D.Fe.
(Z) l s
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi A)
Vay X, Y, Z l^n luot la SO,, NO, CO2.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
_Dap an dung la C. '
Thu6'c thijf do la Cu:
Thidu 10: Cho cac phan ung sau:
Cu + HCl (dac) > kh6ng phan ting
(1) Cu(N03)2 — ^ (2) NH4NO2 — ^
Cu + 2H2S04(dac) > C U S O 4 + SO.I + 2 H 2 O
khi kh6ng mau, mui hac (3) NH3 + O2 - J 5 2 ! c ^ (4) NH3 + 0 2
Cu + 4 H N O 3 (dac) > Cu(N03)2 + 2N02t + 2H2O
(5) N H 4 C I (6) NH3 + CuO - 1 %
khi mau nau
Cac phan fing deu tao khi N2 la
Dap an diing la A.
A. (3), (5), (6). B.(l),(3),(4). C. (1), (2), (5). D (2), (4), (6).
Thi du 8: Phan ung nhiet phan khong dung la (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH-CD khoi A)
A. 2 K N O 3 — ^ 2 K N O 2 + O2. B. N H 4 N O 2 — ^ N2 + 2H2O. *' Hu&ng ddn gidi
Hoan thanh cac PTPU": 1 w (n
C. N H 4 C I — ^ NH3 + HCl. D. NaHC03 NaOH + CO2.
(Trich Delhi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B)^ (1) Cu(N03)2 — ^ CuO + 2NO2 + 1/20, c^':*'^*:'
232 L, 233
(2) NH4NO3 — ^ N2 + 2H,0
pTPLT xay ra: NH4NO, N,t + 2H,0
(3) 4NH3 + 50, > 4NO + 6 H P
amoni nitrit
(4) 2NH3 + 3C1, — ^ Nj + 6HC1 ,j £fip an dung la D.
•fjlidu 14: Cho timg chat: Fe, FeO, FeCOH),, Fe(OH)3, Fe304, Fe203, FeCNOj),,
(5) NH4CI NH3 + HCl
Fe(N03)3, FeS04, Fe,(S04)3, FeC03 \in luot tac dung vdi HNO3 dac, nong. S6'
(6) 2NH3 + 3CuO — ^ N2 + 3Cu + 3H,0 phan utig thu6c loai phan ung oxi hoa - khiJf la
Vay cac phan ling tao khi Nj la 2, 4, 6. A-8. B. 5. C. 7. D. 6.
Dap an diing la D. (Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi A)
riiJ du 11: Trong phong thi nghiem, nguod ta thucmg diû che' HNO3 tit Hu&ng ddn gidi
A. NH3 va O,. B. NaNO, va H2SO4 dSc. Sd dS phan ling: A + HNO3 (dSc, nong) Fe(N03)3 + ...
C. NaN03 va H,S04 dac. D. NaNO, va H Q dac. sat va cac hop cha't ciia sat c6 s6' oxi hoa < +3 tac dung vdi HNO3 (dac, nong)
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi B) dû thuoc loai phan ung oxi hoa - khu: Fe, FeO, FeCOH),, Fe304, Fe(N03)2,
Hu&ng ddn gidi FeS04, FeCOj (7 chat) => c6 7 phan ling oxi hoa - Khu xay ra.
PTPLT di6u che HNO3 trong phong thi nghiem: Dap an diing la C.
Thidu 15 Cho phirong trinh hoa hoc: Fe304 + HNO3 -> Fe(N03)3 + N,Oy + H2O
N a N 0 3 „ +H,S04,a,c, HN03t + NaHS04
Sau khi can bang phuong trinh hoa hoc tren vdi he so cua cac chat la nh&ng
Dap an diing la C s6' nguyen, toi gian thi he so ciia HNO3 la
Thi du 12: Cho cac phan ling:
A. 46x - 18y. B. 45x - 18y. C. 13x - 9y. D. 23x - 9y.
(OCujO + Cu^S > (2) CuCNOj). (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi A)
(4) CuO + NH3 Hu&ng ddn gidi

(3) CuO + CO — ^
• Xac dinh s6' oxi hoa (nguyen t6' sSt va nito):
S6' phan img tao ra kim loai Cu la '
A. 3. B.2. C. 1. D.4. +8/3 +5 +3 +2y/x
Fe3 04 + HNO3 -> Fe(N03)3 + N , Oy + H 2 O
- (Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi B)
Hu&ng ddn gidi Qua trinh oxi hoa va qua trinh khii:
+8/3 1 +3
Hoan thanh cac PTPLf: (5x-2y) x 3Fe - 3.-e -> 3Fe
3
(1) 2Cu:0 + CU2S — — > 6 C u + SO2 +5 +2y/x
1 X N + (5x - 2y) e X N
(2) 2Cu(N03)2 — ^ > 2CuO + 4NO2 + O.
(5x - 2y)Fe304+ (46x - 18y)HN03 (15x ^ 6y)Fe(N03)3 +
(3) CuO + CO — ^ Cu + CO, + N , 0 , + (23x-9y)H20
Vay he s6' can bang ciia HNO3 \k (46x - 18y).
(4) 3CuO + 2NH3 3 C u + N , + 3H2O
*âp an dung la A.
=> Cac phan ihig tao ra kim loai Cu la 1, 3,4 (3 phan ting).
Dap an dung la A. "^hidu 16: Cho day cac chat: FeO, Fe(0H)2, FeS04, Fe304, Fe2(S04)3, Fe203. S6
Thi du 13: Trong phong thi nghiem, de diû che' m6t lirong nho khi X tinh khie'- chat trong day bj oxi hoa khi tac dung voi dung dich HNO3 dSc, nong la
ngucxi ta dun nong dung djch amoni nitrit bao hoa. Khi X la A. 5. B. 6. C. 3. D.4.
A. NO. B. NO2. C.N2O. D.N2. (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
2^4
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoij}l
Li.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Na2S04 + Ba(OH)2 -> BaS04 i +2NaOH
Cac chat do la FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeS04, Fe304 (4 chat, cac ch^t nay dû c6 ti'nl,
khu VI trong do sit c6 s6' oxi hoa < +3). ket tua trang
Dap an dung la D. (NH4 )2 SO4 + Ba (OH)^ 2NH3 t +BaS04 i +2H2O ,
Thi du 17: Cho so d6 chuy^n hoa: vira CO khi mui khai, vifa c6 ket tiia
NaCl + Ba(OH)2 > Kh6ng xay ra ;
Cac chat X, Y, Z \in lirot la Dap an dung la C. »
A. KH,P04, K.HPO4, K3PO4 B. K3PO4, KH2PO4, K2HPO4. 2: Co 5 dung dich rieng biet trong 5 6'ng nghiem: AgNOj, CUSO4, NiS04,
C. KH2PO4, K3PO4, K2HPO4 D. K3PO4, K2HPO4, KH2PO4. AICI3, Cr2(S04)3. Cho dung dich NH3 de'n dir vô 5 dung djch tren. Sau khi phan
(Trich de thi tuyen sink Dai hoc khoi B) Jtig ket thuc, s6' 6ng nghiem c6 ket tiia la
Hu&ng ddn gidi B. 1 C. 4
A. 2 D.3
Cac PTHH xay ra trong so d6: Hu&ng ddn gidi
,i P2O5 + 6 K 0 H > 2K3PO4 + 3H2O PTPU" xay ra:
(X) AgN03 + 3NH3 + H2O Ag(NH3)2]0H^NH4N03
K3PO4+2H3PO4 ).3KH2P04 CUSO4 +6NH3 + 2 H 2 0 -

(X) (Y)
NiS04+8NH3+2H20- Ni(NH3)J(OH)2+(NH4)2S04
KH2PO4 + KOH )-K2HP04 + H2O J
A l C l 3 + 3 N H 3 + 3 H 2 0 - ->Al(OH)3i+3NH4Cl
(Y) (Z)
Cr2(S04)3 +6NH3 +6H2O >2Cr(OH)3 i+3(NH4)2S04
Dap an diing la B.
=> Co 2 6'ng nghiem c6 ke't tiia: A1(0H)3, Cr(OH)3
3. Cac bai tap tu luyen: D^p an dung la A.
Cau 1: Co cac dung dich rieng biat kh6ng dan nhan: NH4CI, A I Q , , FeClj, Na.SO,, Cftu 3: Trong phong thi nghiem c6 the' diû che' khi NH3 bang each dun nong dung
(NH4)2S04, NaQ. Thu6c thu cin thie't de nhan biet tat ca cac dung dich tren !a djch NH3 dam dac. De' thu duoc khi NH3 khdng l l n hoi nude, c6 the' cho h6n
dung dich hop nay di qua binh dung
A. BaCl, B.NaHS04 C. Ba(OH), D. NaOH A. CUSO4 khan B. dung djch H2SO4 dac. , ,
Hu&ng ddn gidi C. dung dich NaQ bao hoa D. CaO
Chon thu6'c thir la BaCOH),: Hu&ng ddn gidi
2NH4CI + Ba(OH)2 ^ 2NH3 t +BaCl2 + 2H2O ^ lam kh6 khi NH3 c6 the' dung CaO (hao nu6c, khdng tdc dung vdi NH3)
khi mui khai CaO+(H20 + xNH3)->Ca(OH)2(,)+xNH3 t
2AICI3 + 3Ba(OH)2 2A1(0H)3 i +3BaCl2 £>^p an dung 1^ D.

Qhui:
ka't tiJa trang, sau do tan
^^Hj la m6t bazcf c6 tinh khir manh nen chat lam kh6 no, ngoai c6 tinh hao nu6c,
2Al(OH)3 +Ba(OH)2 - > B a [ A l ( 0 H ) J 2 c6n phai khdng c6 tinh axit, kh6ng eo tinh oxi hoa (do do khdng dugc dung
H2SO4 dac, P2O5,...)
2FeCl3 +3Ba(OH)2 -> 2Fe(OH)3 i +3BaCl2
^ 3 CO kha nang tao phiic \6i m6t sdf ion kim loai:
ket tiia do nau, kh6ng tan
6NH3 + CUSO4 + 2H2O -> [Cu(NH3 )4 ](OH)2 + (NH4 )2 SO4
236
Do do cQng khdng duoc dung CUSO4 khan d^ lam kh6 khi NH3. Qâ6: Cho so do phan ung:
- Kh6ng duoc dung CaQ, khan da' lam kh6 khi N H 3 :
Cu(N03)2 >X >Y-^5i_,N02 >Z ^NH4Ci(dd)
8NH3+CaCl2 ^ C a C l 2 .8NH3
X, Y , Z l^n luot la
C a u 4: Hoa tan hoan toan FeS, vao c6'c chiia dung djch H N O 3 loang diroc dung di^^î^
NaN03, NO, NaN03 B. NaNOj NO, NaNO,
X va khi NO thoat ra. Thfim b6t Cu du vao dung djch X, sau do th&m tie'p di,^
C. NaNOj, N,, NaNO, D. Cu(OH),, NO, NaNO^.
djch H2SO4 vao, thu duoc dung djch Y c6 mau xanh, nhung kh6ng c6 khi tho;f,
Hu&ng ddn gidi
ra. Cac chat tan c6 trong dung djch Y la
Cic PTPU" xay ra trong so d6:
A. CuCNOj),, Fe(N03)2, H,S04 B. C U S O 4 , Fe2(S04)3, H,S04
C. C U S O 4 , FeS04, H,S04 D. Cu(N03)2, Fe(N03)3, H 2 S O 4 Cu(N03), + 2 N a O H - > C u ( O H ) , i +2NaN03
Hu&ng dan gidi (X)
2NaN03 + 3 C u + 4H,S04 3CUSO4 + 2NO + Na,S04 + 4H2O
Khi cho Cu + H,S04+ dung djch X khdng c6 khi thoat ra (khi NO, NO,,. ^
(X) (Y) ' H^.;
=> trong X khdng con c6 ion NO3 , vi nd'u c6 ion NO J thi: 2NO + O, -> 2NO2 U ,.Oi.1^- -
3Cu + 2N03+8H^ ).3Cu^^+2NOt + 4 H 2 0 (Y)
Ket l u a n : H N O 3 tac dung vira du vdi FeS, theo phuomg trinh (khdng tao muoj 2NO, + 2NaOH -> NaNOj + NaNO, + Hfi . » ^ O. *
(Z) .-^ ai-,
nitrat): 2FeS2 +1OHNO3 ^Fe2(S04)3 +1ONO + H 2 S O 4 + 4 H 2 O
NaNO, + NH4C] N, + NaQ + 2H,0 ,
Khi them Cu (du) vao dung djch X:
(Z)
Cu + Fe2 (SO4 )3 CUSO4 + 2FeS04
Vay X, Y , Z \ir\t la NaN03, NO, NaNO,.
dung djch Y chiia CUSO4, FeS04 va H,S04. Dap an dung la B.
Dap an diing la C. '< Q u 7: Phan ung k h o n g dung de' diû chd' cha't khi trong phong thi nghidm la
C a u 5: Dung djch X c6 chira cac ion Fe'^ N H 4 , NO3 . Di chung to six c6 mat cac
A. N H 4 N O , — ^ B. NH4Cl,,i„,
ion nay trong ciing mdt dung djch ta dung day hoa cha't la
A. NH3, dung djch HCl, Cu. C. MnO,„i,„+ H C l D . FeS„i„,+ HCl,,.,, > ,,.
B. Mg, dung djch HNO3, quy tim. Hu&ng ddn gidi
C. Cu, dung djch NaOH, dung djch HCl. PTPU" (dieu che khi trong phong thi nghidm):
D. Cu, dung djch HCl, dung djch Na,C03.
NH4NO2 — ^ N2 T + 2 H 2 O (diû che N,) • • , ,
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Ta chon day hoa cha't: Cu, dung djch NaOH, dung djch HCl.
M n 0 2 + 4HC1 (dac) — ^ CI2 T + M n C l 2 + 2 H 2 O (dilu cha'Q,)
- Cho dung djch NaOH vao mSu thii:
+ Xua't hien kd't tua do nau (Fe(OH)3 i ) => c6 Fe'* : FeS + 2HC1 >H2S t + F e C l 2 (dieu cha' H,S)
Dap an diing la B.
Fe'" +30H" -> Fe(OH)3 i
+ Co khi mui khai (NH,) c6 NH^: CM y: N H 4 C I —-^ NH3 + H C l .
C4u 8: Co cac cha't khi; NO,, CI,, CO,, SO,, SO3, HQ. Nhihig cha't khi khi tac dung
NH; +OH- — ^ N H 3 t + H2O voi dung djch NaOH xay ra phan ung oxi hoa - khij la
- Lpc bo ket tiia va dun nong d^ du6i het khi NH3, dung djch con lai chira NaN^' A. NO,, CI,, CO,, SO, B. CO,, SO,, SO,
va NaOH. C.NO,vaCl, D. CO,, SO,., SO3, HCl
- Cho Cu va dung djch HCl vao dung djch con lai, tha'y c6 khi mau nau thoat W Hu&ng ddn gidi
=> ion N O 3 : 2 N 0 J +Cu + 4 H * - > 2 N O 2 t +Cu^^ + 2 H 2 O PTPlTxayra: .H
Dap an dung la C. ^ NO2+2NaOH^NaN03 + N a N 0 2 + H 2 O
Hg + S-)>HgS
2) C l 2 + 2 N a O H - > N a C l + NaC10 + H 2 0 • NH3 + HC1^NH4C1
C O 2 + NaOH -> NaHCOj Pap an dung la A.
C O 2 + 2NaOH NajCOj + H j O 12: Hoa tan hoan toan h6n hop g6m cac kim loai Mg, A l , Zn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Ag vao
SO2 + NaOH NaHSO, ! dung djch H N O 3 loang (du), thu duoc dung djch X. Cho X tac dung vdi dung djch
NaOH (du), thu duoc ke't tiia Y. Dem Y tac dung vdi dung djch NH3 (du), ddn
502 + 2NaOH NajSOj + H 2 O phan ung hoan toan thu duoc ket tua Z. S6' hidroxit c6 trong Y va Z 1 ^ luot la
503 + 2NaOH ^ Na2S04 + H 2 O A. 7; 4. B.3;2. C . 5; 2. D. 4; 2. ,
• HCl + N a O H ^ N a C l + H j O Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dap an dung la C. Dung djch X g 6 m : Mg(N03)2;Al(N03)3;Zn(N03)2;Fe(N03)3;

Cau 9: Hap chat ma bang m6t phan ung hoa hoc khdng th^ tac ra H N O 3 1 ^ Ni(N03)2;Cu(N03)2;AgN03,HN03
A.NaN03 B.N A C. NjO D. NOj. * X + dd NaOH (du): kd't tua Y thu duoc g6m:
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Mg(OH)2;Fe(OH)3;Ni(OH)2;CU(OH)2;Ag20 '•
Tir N , 0 (dinito oxit) bang 1 PTHH kh6ng th^ diû che' duoc H N O 3 .
Dap an diing la C. => 4 kfe't tua la hidroxit
CM V. NaNOj+H2S04(dac) >HN03+NaHS04 * Y + dd NH3 (du): Ke't tiia Z g6m:

Mg(OH)2 ;Fe(OH)3 (=> 2 kd't tua hidroxit).
N2O5+H20->2HN03
Dap an diing la D.
4 N O 2 + O2 + 2 H 2 O - > 4 H N O 3
CM v:
Cau 10: Phan ung khong dung di diû che'cha't khi trong phong thi nghifim la
- 2 A g N 0 3 + 2 N a O H - > A g 2 0 i + 2 N a N 0 3 + H20
A. FeS + H 2 S O 4 (loang) > B. N H 4 N O 3 + N a O H — ^
- Ni(OH)2+6NH3->[Ni(NH3)J(OH)2
C. F e ( N 0 3 ) 2 — ^ D. M n 0 2 + H C 1 (dac) — ^ '
- Ag20 + 4 N H 3 + H 2 0 ^ 2 [ A g ( N H 3 ) 2 ] ( O H )
Hu&ng ddn gidi
- Hidroxit Cu(OH)2 chi tan trong dung djch kidm dac, nong:
PTHH:
FeS + H 2 S O 4 (1) >FeS04 + HjS T (diû che' H^S)

Cu(0H)2 + 2 N a O H — ^ N a 2 [ C u ( O H )
NH4NO3 + N a O H — ^ N a N O j + NH3 T +H2O(Dilu chdNHj)

C. B A I T A P T O N G H O P
€ftu 1: Cho dung djch chufa 0,1 mol (NH4)2C03 tac dung vdi dung djch chiia 34,2
4Fe(N03)2 — ^ 2 F e 2 0 3 + 8NO2 t +O2 t gam Ba(0H)2. Sau phan utig thu duoc m gam k6't tiia. Gia trj ciia m 1^
A. 39,4 B. 19,7 C . 15,5 D. 17,1
MnOj + 4 H a - ^ M n C l j + 0 2 ! +2H2O (Diû che' Q^) # (Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang - Khoi A)
Dap an dung la C. Hu&ng ddn gidi
c a u 11: Cap cha't nao sau day khong tac dung vdi nhau b nhidt d6 thucmg? 34 2
A.02vkN2 B. N O v a O , C. HgvaS D. NH3 HQ Theo bai ra: n^^^^,)^ =7^7"0,2(mol)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
(NH4)2C03+Ba(OH)2 -> BaCOj i + 2 N H 3 + 2 H 2 O
PTHH: N2 + O2 ^^^^ > 2 N O
0,1 ^ 0,1 O,l(mol)
2 N O + O2 - > 2 N O 2 241
O - ' V -
'" = m 3 , c o 3 i = 0 ' l - 1 9 7 = 19.7(g) CH3CHO + H2 > CH3CH2OH

Dip dung m B ^ phan ling oxi hoa - khijf. ' ' !' ' ' * '
C i u 2: Khi so sanh NH3 vdri NH4 , phat biû khong dung Ik: ^ CH2(OH)(CHOH)4CHO + A g , 0 ^"^ ) CH2(OH)(CHOH)4COOH + 2Ag
A. Trong NH^ vk NH4 , nito d6u c6 s6 oxi hoa 3. ^ phan ling oxi hoa - k h i .
CH4 + Br, > CHjBr - CHjBr
B. NH3 c6 tinh bazo, NH4 c6 tinh axit. o , . ,
phan ling oxi hoa - khir.
C. Trong NH3 NH4 , nitof dû c6 c6ng hoa tri 3.
^) 2C3H,(OH)3 + Cu(OH)2 > [C3H,(OH)20]2Cu + IHÔ
D. Phan t\x NH3 ion NH4 dû chura lidn ke't c6ng h6a tri. => khong phai phan ling oxi hoa - khiJr.
(Trich de tuyin sink Dai hoc khoi A) Vay cac phan ling a, b, d, e, f, g Ik phan ling oxi hod - khijr.
Hu&ng ddn gidi Dap an diing la D.
Trong phan tu NH3 c6 3 lidn k6t c6ng hoa tri N - N ntn N c6 c6ng hoa trj 3. Cau 4: Khi cho Cu tac dung vdri dung dich chiia H2SO4 loang va NaNOj, vai trd ciia
Trong ion NH4 c6 4 lifen kd't N - H nfin N c6 c6ng hoa tri 4. NaN03 trong phan ling la
=> Phat biû C kh6ng dung. A. chat xuc tdc. B. chaft khijf. C. chtft oxfhod. D. m6i tnr5ng.
Dap an dung 1^ C. (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khdi B)
Cû 3: Cho cac phan ung sau: Hu&ng din gidi
PTPU' xay ra la:
a) FeO + HNO3 „,„g) • b) FeS + H2SO4 „,„g) >
3Cu + 2NaN03 + 4H2SO4 > 3CUSO4 + Na2S04 + 2NO + 4H2O
c) AlzOj + H N O 3 (ajc, „6„g) > d) Cu + dung dich FeCla >
(3CU + 2NO3 + 8 H * > 3Cu-* + 2 N 0 + 4H2O)
e) CH3CHO + H2 — Vai tro ciia NaN03 la chat oxi hod.
f) glucozo + AgN03 (hoac AgjO) trong dung djch NH3 • Dap an diing la C.
g) QH4 + Br, > . h) glixerol + CuCOH)^ > C4u 5: Xet can bang: N2O4 ( k ) ^ 2NO2 ( k ) a 25°C. Khi chuy^n djch sang m6t
Day g6m cac phan iJng diu thu6c loai phan ling oxi hoa - khir 1^ trang thai can bang mdi neu ndng d6 ciia N2O4 tang Idn 9 Idn thi ndng d6 ciia NO2
A. a, b, c, d, e, g. B. a, b, d, e, f, h.
A. g l a m i l i n B. tang 4.5 Idn C. tang 9 1 ^ D. tang 3 Idn
C. a, b, c, d, e, h. D. a, b, d, e, f, g.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khd'i A) (Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Xac dinh cdc phim v3i sir thay d6i s6' oxi hod ciia cdc nguyftn ttf trong timg ^6t can bang ddng the' khi sau: N2O4 ( k ) ^ 2NO2 ( k ) ;^ '
phuong trinh hoa hoc, til d6 nit ra k6't luan phan \mg oxi hod - khii:
a) FeO + 4HNO3 (dac) > FeiNO^), + NOj + 2H2O 0 25°C. hang sd can bang: Kc = ^
N2O4
=> phan ling oxi hod - khii.
5oi k la sd Idn tang Idn (hoac giam xudng) ciia ndng d6 NO2 d c&n bang mdi so
b) 2FeS + 2H2S04(dac) >¥e2iSO,)j +SO2 + 2H2O /6i can bang ban dû. Ta cd:
=> phan ling oxi hoa - khur.
c) A l A + SHNOjCdac) > 2A1(N03)3 + 3H2O
=> khong phai phan ling oxi hoa - k h i .
d) Cu + 2Fea3 (dd) > 2FeC[2 + CuQ^ K T = const (chi xet a 25°C) ndn Kc kh6ng thay ddi:
=> phan ling oxi hoa - khir.
NO,f _(k.[NO,]f [NO,f
= 1 >k^ =9: k = 3. JJ C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 — ^ C u O + 2N02 + l / 2 0 2
N2O4 94N2O4J N2O4
Vay n6ng d6 cua N O , tang 3 lan. 2NaHC03 — ^ N a 2 C 0 3 + CO2 + H2O
Dap dn diing la D .
Hg(NO3 \g + 2NO2 + O2
C a u 6: Phat biû nao sau day khong dung ?
A . Nho dung dich N H , tiT tir tdi du vao dung dich CUSO4, thu duoc k€t tua xanh,
2KMn04 ——> K2Mn04 + Mn02 + Oj
B. Nho dung djch N H , tir tir tori du vao dung djch AICI3, thu diroc kfe't tua trSng, 2)
C. Dung dich Na.CO, lam phenolphtalein khdng mau chuyen sang mau hdng. C a ( H C 0 3 )^ — ^ C a O + 2CO2 + H2O
3) <â(,n<^'-'3;2
D. Trong cac dung dich: H C l , H.SO^, H.S c6 ciing n6ng d6 0 , 0 I M , dung dich
Dap an dung la B.
HjS CO p H 16n nha't.
cau 9: Ha'p thu hoan toan 2,24 lit N O , (dktc) bang 200 m l dung djch N a O H 0,5M.
(Trich de thi tuyen sink Dai hoc khoi B)
Thtm m6t ft phenolphtalein vao dung djch thu duoc, dung djch se c6 mau:
Hu&ng ddn gidi
A. Xanh B. H6ng C. Xanh nhat D . Khdng mau
Cho dung dich NH3 d u vao C U S O 4 :
Hu&ng ddn gidi
2NH3 + 2H2O + CUSO4 -> Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)2 SO4 TTieobaira: n N 0 2 = 0 , l ( m o l ) ; nâOH = O.Umol),
Cu(OH)2 +4NH3 - > [ C u ( N H 3 ) ^ ] ( O H ) 2 (Tan) PTPl/: 2NO2 + 2NaOH N a N O j + NaN02 + H2O

0,1 0,1
=> Khdng thu duoc k6't tiia.
=> N O , tac dung vira dii vdri N a O H ^
Dap an dung la A .
Dung djch thu duoc gom N a N O j , N a N O ,
C&u 7: Trong c6ng nghidp H N O , duoc san xua't tir N H j . Ne'u hidu sua't qua trinh san
xua't la 80% thi kh6'i lucmg NH3 cdn dung d^ san xua't 1 tan dung djch HNO, NaN02 >Na++N02
63% la
NO2 + H20< >HN02 + O H " ^
A . 0,2125 ta'n B. 0,31875 ta'n C. 0,750 ta'n D.0,50tan
Mu6'i N a N O , thuy phan tao ra m6i trucmg k i ^ m '
Hu&ng ddn gidi
=> Lam h6ng phenolphtalein
80%
Sod6: NH, - > H N O .1 Dap an diing la B.
1.63 Cflu 10: Hoa tan he't m gam h6n hop cac k i m loai g6m Z n , A l , Fe, Cu, A g , N i , Cr
Theo bai ra: m HNO3 = 0,63 ta'n
100 CO cung s6' mol trong dung djch HNO3 loang, nong du thi thu duoc dung djch X.
Cho dung djch X tac dung voi dung djch N a O H du ddn phan ihig hoan toan, tiep
0,63.17
Theo so d6 m NH3 = 0,17 (ta'n) tuc lay phin khdng tan trong do tac dung vdi NH3 du thi c6n lai 2,14 gam cha't
63 ran. Gia trj ciia m la
0,17.100 A. 8,96 B.4,40 C.4,61 D . 8,62
V i H = 80% ntn: m.
'NH3(U) - gQ
= 0,2125 {tSin)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dap an dung la A . So d6 phan ung:
cau 8: Cho cac cha't: Cu(N03)3, NaHC03, HgCNOj),, K M n 0 4 , Ca(HC03)2. Nh6m Zn, A l , Fe, Cu, A g , N i , Cr
cha't khi nhidt phan ho^n toan cho san ph^m c6 oxit k i m loai la ^"^"3 >x(zn^Âl^^Fe^^cu^Âg^Ni^^cr3^)
A.NaHC03,KMn04,Cu(N03)2 B. C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 , K M n 0 4 . C a ( H C 0 3 ) 3
X > i Fe(OH)3,Cu(OH)2,Ag20,Ni(OH)2 ^""^ >Fe(OH)3
C. N a H C 0 3 , H g ( N 0 3 ) 2 , C U ( N 0 3 ) 2 D . CUCNOJ)^, HgCNOj),, K M n 0 4 .
Theo so 66, cha't ran con lai chi c6 Fe(OH)3:
Hu&ng ddn gidi 2 14
PTPU" nhiet phan cac cha't: "lFe(OH)3 =^^^^S. ^ n F e ( O H ) 3 =^F^ =-|^=0,02(mol)
Theo bai ra: nz„ = 11^1 - np^ = i i c u = n^g = = riQ = 0,02 (mol)
Q^XX 12: D u n nong 50,4 gam (NH4)2Cr207 trong m6t then gian tha'y kh6'i luonj
Vay m = 0,02 .(65 + 27 + 56 + 64 + 108 + 59 + 52) = 8,62 (gam)
cha't ran thu dugc la 40,4 gam. Hifiu sua't ciia phan utig xay ra la
Dap an dung la D.
^.50% B. 8 0 % C. 6 0 % D. 7 5 %
Chu V: Cac PTPLT xay ra trong so d6: > • „- - '''
Hu&ng ddn gidi
* K i m loai + H N O 3 (loang, nong, du) ^ i>.
phuong tnnh hoa hoc: t., . • t 1 ; ji
3Zn + 8HNO3 3Zn(N03)2 + 2 N O + 4 H , 0 ' • '}. *.'
Al + 4HNO3 ^ A1(N03)3 + N O + 2H2O ^ i, ( N H 4 ) 2 Cr207 — ^ C r j O j + N j T + 4 H 2 O t ' ' ''

; Fe + 4HNO3 ^ Fe(N03)3 + N O + 2H2O
X X ->4x(mol)
3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(N03)2 + 2 N O + 4H2O
Khfi'i lifotig giam bang t6ng khd'i luong N2 va H2O
3 A g + 4HNO3 ^ AgN03 + NO + 2 H , 0
=> 28x + 18.4x - 50,4 - 40,4 - 1 0 => lOOx - 1 0 x = 0,1
3Ni + 8HNO3 - > 3Ni(N03), + 2 N O + 4 H , 0
Cr + 4 H N O 3 ^ Cr(N03)3 + N O + 2H2O ^, ^, , „ 0,1.252.100%
Hieu suat phan ling: H = — = 50%
* X + N a O H (du): 50,4
. Zn(N03)2 + 4 N a O H ^ Na2[Zn(OH)4] + 2NaN03 Dap an dung la A.
A1(N03)3 + 4 N a O H -> Na[Al(OH)4] + 3NaN03 Cau 13: Trong c6ng nghidp, d^ diû che' 100 kg dung dich H N O 3 6 3 % cSn diing
bao nhi6u m ' NH3 (6 dktc) neu hidu sua't m6i giai doan la 80%?
Fe(N03)3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)31 + 3NaN03 ,
A. 35 B. 43,75 C. 54,6875 D. 28
Cu(N03)2 + 2NaOH ^ C u ( O H ) 2 i + 2NaN03
Hu&ng ddn gidi
2AgN03 + 2NaOH ^ A g 2 0 i + 2NaN03 + H j O
Ni(N03), + 2NaOH Ni(0H)2i + 2NaN03 Kh6'i luong H N O 3 nguydn chat: mHN03 ~ — = 63(kg)
Cr(N03)3 + 4 N a O H -> Na[Cr(OH)4] + 3NaN03 100
=> Chat ran: F e ( 0 H ) 3 ; Cu(OH)2, Ag20, N i ( 0 H ) 2 Sqd6diguche':NH3 ^""^^ ) N 0 )N02 )HN03 • ,.,
* Chat ran + dung dich NH3 (du): => Hieu sua't ca qua trinh diiu che': H = 0,8.0,8.0,8.100% = 51,2%
Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 -)• [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 NH3 ) HNO3
A g 2 0 + 4NH3 2[Ag(NH3)2 ] O H
17kg -> 63kg ly/
N i ( 0 H ) 2 + 6NH3 ^ [Ni(NH3)<,](OH)2
V i H = 51,2% nen kh6i luong NH3 thuc te' la:
=> C h i c 6 n l a i F e ( O H ) 3 ^ .
17.100 , '""^
C&u 1 1 : Sue khi NO2 vao dung dich K O H du, dd'n phan ihig ho^n toan thu duo. ' " N H 3 ( „ ) = ^ = 33,20(kg)
dung dich X. Cho b6t A I vao dung dich X , dd'n khi phan ling xong thi dung djch 5 l J
thu duoc C O chu-a m6t mu6'i duy nha't va thoat ra h6n hop hai khf. Hai k h i do la 33_3
^ " N H a = ^ ^ = I , 9 5 ( k m o l ) = 1950 (mol)
A.NjvaNO B.H.vaNO, C. H 2 v a N H 3 D.HzvaNO. 17
Hu&ng ddn gidi => VNH3 " 1950.22,4 = 43,75(1)
Cac PTPLT xay ra:
Dap an diing la B.
2NO2 + 2 K O H - > K N O 3 + K N O , + H2O
Cau 14: T n n h bay phuong phdp hoa hoc di phan bidt cac dung dich: NH3, Na2S04,
Suy ra, dung djch X chura: K N O 3 , K N O 2 , K O H du.
NH4CI, (NH4)2S04. Viet phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan dug da dung.
8A1 + 4 K N O 3 + 5 K O H + I8H2O 8K[Al(OH)4] + 3 N H 3 1
Hu&ng ddn gidi
2A1 + K N O 2 + K O H +5H2O - > 2 K [ A l ( O H ) 4 ] + N H 3 t ' Trich m6t It cac hoa chat de'lam cac ni5u thii.
2A1 + 2 K O H + 6H2O - » 2 K [ A 1 ( 0 H ) 4 ] + 3 H 2 t • Cho gia'y quy t i m vao cac mSu thir: ,
Haikhid61aH2vaNH3. + M 5 u lam quy t i m hoa xanh => NH3 ,, ^
Dap an dung la C. :
N H 3 + H 2 O <—-> N H 4 + O H " v» ' ' i t
+ M a u kh6ng lam d6i mau quy tim => Na2S04 ( M u o i tao boi axit manh va bazo
manh). rrHH: H g ( N 0 3 ) 2 —!—> H g + O2 + 2NO2
+ Hai miu con lai lam quy tim hoa do: NH4CI va (NH4)2S04 (Mu6'i tao bod axit ^ Tong he s6' bang: 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 5.
manh va bazo yilu).
p^p an diing la A .
NH; + H2O < » NH3 + H3O+ ,.h.. CÛ ^'^^ phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan ling thuc hien day chuyfin hoa sau
- Cho BaClj vao hai mSu thif con lai: , day:
+ MSu tao ra ke't tiia trdng la (NH4)2S04:
NO2 - ^ ^ ^ H N 0 3 _ ( ^ C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 - ^ C u ( O H ) 2 - ^ C u { ^ 0 ^ \
BaClj + (NH4)2S04 > BaS04 i + 2NH4CI
+ MSu kh6ng CO hien tugng gi la NH4CI. - ( ^ C u O - i ^ C u - ( i U c u C l 2
CAu 15: Lap cac phuong trinh hoa hoc: ' Hu&ng ddn gidi
Ag + HN03(dac) — NO2 t + ? + ? Cac P T H H trong so d6:
a)
Ag + HNO3 (loang) -— > N O T +? + ? (1) 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O > 4HNO3

b)
c) Al + HNO3 — NjOt + ? + ? (2) 2HNO3 + CuO > Cu(N03)2 + V ,
d) Zn + HNO3 — NH4NO3 + ? + ? (3) Cu(N03)2 + 2NaOH > C U ( O H ) 2 ^ + 2NaN03
e) F e O + HNO3 —- > N O t + Fe(N03)3 + ?

(4) Cu(OH)2 + 2HNO3 > C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 + 2H2O
g) F e 3 0 4 + HNO3 — NOT + Fe(N03)3 + ?

(5) 2Cu(N03)2 — ^ 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Lap cac phuong trinh hoa hoc:
(6) CuO + CO — ^ Cu + CO2
a) Ag + 2HN03(dac) - > NO2 T + A g N O j + H2O
(7) Cu + 02 —^CuCl2.
b) 3Ag + 4HNO3 (loang) - > NO T + S A g N O j + 2H2O
Cû 18: Vid't phuong trinh hoa hoc dang phan tir va dang ion riit gon cua phan ihig
c) 8A1 +3OHNO3 — 8A1(N03)3 + 3N2O + I 5 H 2 O gi&a H3PO4 vdd luong d u cua:
a) BaO b) Ca(0H)2 c) K2CO3
d) 4Zn +IOHNO3 — 4Zn(N03)2 + N H 4 N O 3 + 3H2O
Hu&ng ddn gidi
e) 3FeO + IOHNO3 —- > 3Fe(N03)3 + NO + 5H2O Do cac chat BaO, Ca(OH)2, K2CO3 dugc la'y d u ntn khi tac dung v d i H3PO4 tao
thanh cac muoi photphat trung hoa.
g) 3Fe304 + 2 8 H N 0 3 > 9Fe(N03)3 + N O + I4H2O
^) 2H3PO4 + 3BaO > Ba3(P04)2 + 3H2O
Cjku 16: a) Trong phuang trinh hoa hoc cua phan ung nhidt phan sat ( I I I ) nitrat,
t6ng cac hd so bang bao nhidu? Bari photphat
A. 5 B. 7 C.9 D . 21 ''^ 2H3PO4 + 3Ca(OH)2 > C a 3 ( P 0 4 ) 2 + 6H2O
b) Trong phuong trinh hoa hoc cua phan ting nhidt phan thuy ngan ( I I ) nitrat, t6ng
Canxi photphat
cac ht s6 bang bao nhidu?
A. 5 B. 7 C.9 D . 21 2H3PO4 + 3K2CO3 > 2K3PO4 + 3CO2 + 3H2O
Hudng ddn gidi
Kali photphat
a) P T H H : 4Fe(N03)3 — ^ 2Fe203 + I2NO2 + 3O2 * 19: Lap cac phuong trinh hoa hoc sau day:
T6ng cac he s6' bang: 4 + 2 + 1 2 + 3 = 2 1 . H3PO4 + K2HPO4 > b) H3PO4 + Ca(OH)2 >
Dap an dung la D. 1 mol 1 mol 1 mol 1 mol
Ca(OH),
c) H3PO4 d) H3PO4 + C a ( O H )
CHUYlN o f 4 : K T T H U A T GIAI N H A N H C A C
2 mol 1 mol 2 mol 3 mol
Hu&ng ddn gidi BAI T A P V I N H 6 M C A C B O N - S I L I C
Can c i i vao t i 16 s6'mol ta vifi't duoc P T H H : pÛ T H U Y E T
a) H3P04 + K2HP04 -> 2KH2PO4
Cacbon Silic
1 mol 1 mol Kali dihidrophotphat
pofn chat - K i m cuong
b) H 3 P O 4 + Ca{OH\ - > CaHP04 + IHjO * Dang thii - Than chi
- Tinh the'
1 mol 1 mol Canxi hidrophotphat hinh - Fuleren
- V 6 djnh h.nh
c) 2H3PO4 + C a ( O H ) 2 . Ca(H2P04)2 + 2 H 2 O + Tinh khir:
+ Tinh khu:
2 mol 1 mol Canxi dihidrophotphat C + O, — > CO, Si + O , > SiO,
d) 2H3PO4 + 3Ca(OH) > Ca3(P04)2 + 6H2O .0
C + 2CuO -> 2Cu + CO,
2 mol 3 mol Canxi photphat
CSu 20: Cho cac mSu phan dam sau day: amoni sunfat, amoni clorua, natri nitrat. + Tmh oxi hoa:
+ Tinh oxi hoa:
Hay dung cac thu6'c thir thich hop d^ phan bifet chiing. ViS't phucmg trinh hoa C + 2H, CH4
hoc ciia cac phan ung da dung. Si + 2 M g — ^ Mg,Si
Hu&ng ddn gidi 3C + 2A1 — ^ AI4C3
Diing cac thu6c thijf dung djch N a O H , dung djch BaCU d^ nhan bi6't cac chat: <",xt
CH4 •> C + 2 H ,
Thu6'c thiJr A m o n i sunfat A m o n i clorua Natri nitrat SiO, + 2 C Si + 2 C 0
NHjt NHjt
Dd N a O H Kh6ng CO hicii SiO, + 2 M g — ^ Si + 2 M g O
Muikhai(l) Muikhai(l) Oxit
tugmg gi *CO: C O
B a S 0 4 i (3) Khong CO hifin tuong NhanraNaNO:
ddBaCl, - L a chat k h i , kh6ng mau, khong
D o la (NH4)2S04 gi.D61a'NH4Cl
m u i , khdng tan trong nuoic.
PTHH: ( N H 4 ) SO4 + 2 N a O H -> 2 N H 3 1 + Na2S04 + 2 H 2 O - La oxit trung tinh.
- L a cha't khir manh: ,
NH4CI + NaOH N H 3 1 + NaCl + H 2 O
CO + o , — > CO2
(NH4)2S04 + B a C l 2 » BaS04 i + 2 N H 4 a .
CO + Clj ^ COCl, (photgen)
Cau 2 1 : Tir kh6ng k h i , than, nudrc va cac cha't xuc tac c^n thie't, hay lap s o dd diau
che phan d a m NH4NO3. CO + FeO -> Fe + CO,
- D i ^ u che':
Huong ddn gidi H
C + H , 0 :^ CO + H ,
PTHH: C + 2H2O — ^ C O 2 + 2H2
C + CO, ^ 2C0
N2 + 3H2 < = i z ^ 2 N H 3
HCOOH CO + H , 0
4 N H 3 + 5O2 > 4NO + 6H2O ! *CO,: 0 = C = 0 * SiO,: Silic dioxit kh6ng t6n
2 N 0 + O2 > 2NO2
- La phan tir kh6ng c6 cue. tai 6- dang phan tiJf rieng le mh
- La chat khf, kh6ng mau, nSng duoi dang tinh th^.
4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O > 4HNO3
hom khdng k h i , tan it trong nude. - L a cha't or dang tinh the',
NH3 + HNO3 > NH4NO3. - CO2 ran, gpi la nv6c da kho. kh6ng tan trong nudrc.
Ki thuat mm giai nnann ai noa ntfc,
- SiO, b dang tinh th^ 1dm, CAC DANG BAI TAP TRONG D E THI T U Y E N SINH DH - C D
- La oxit axit:
CO2 + NaOH NaHCOj trong suO't, kh6ng mau, goi \ Dang 1: Bdi tap ve CO2 tdc dung vdi dung dich kiem
thach anh.
CO, + 2NaOH -> Na^CO, + H,0
- La oxit axit: I U thuyet van dung va phuong phap giai:
- La cha^t oxi hoa:
' pTHH: CO, + NaOH ^ NaHC03
Q
CO, + 2Mg C + 2MgO SiO, + 2NaOH —!—>• CO, + 2NaOH -> Na,C03 + H , 0 ?' -
- Diû che: Na,Si03 + H,0 CO, + Ca(OH), -> CaC03i + H , 0
SiO, + Na,C03 — ^ 2CO, + Ca(OH), CaCHCOj),
CaCO, — ^ CaO + CO,t
Na2Si03 + CO, Tuy thu6c vao ti le ma tao thanh mud'i axit, mu6'i trung hoa hay h6n hop hai mud'i.
CaCO, + 2Ha ^ CaQ, + CO,t
+ H,0 £,atk=^^,ne-u:
- La chaft oxi hoa:
"CO2 A'
SiO, + 2Mg — > Si k < 1: NaHC03,C0,du
+ 2MgO k=l:NaHC03
-Tinh chdt dac Met: 1 < k < 2: NaHCO,, Na,C03
SiO, + 4HF > SiF4 k = 2: Na,C03
+ 2H,0 k > 2: Na,C03, NaOH dir.
H,Si03: Axit silixic. i CO, tac dung vdi h6n hop ki^m thi sir dung phuong trinh ion riit gon de
Axit HiCOv Axi,t cacbonic.
- Axit rat ye'u (yeu hon H,CO,). CO, + OH" -> HC07
- Axit ye'u, 2 na'c.
- Kem b^n, chl t6n tai trong dung - Kem b^n, rat it tan trong HCO3 + OH CO^" + H , 0
djch loang, nhiet d6 tha'p: nu6c:
CO^- + Ca-^ - CaCOji
H,C03 > CO, + H,0 H,Si03 > SiO, + H,0
CM y: xSiO,.yH,0 goi la ac cong thufc giai nhanh sur dung de giai bai tap dang nay:
silicagen. 5ng thuc tfnh lugng ke't tiia xuat hien khi ha'p thu het m6t luong CO, vao dung
Silicat: ich Ca(OH), hoac Ba(OH),: n,„ = n _ - nco,
Muoi Cacbonat:
- Silicat ciia kim loai ki^m de OH 2
* Cacbonat trung hoa:
tan (thijy tinh long). ig thiic tfnh lircmg CO, cSn thiet duoc hap thu hat vao m6t dung djch
+ Chl CO cacbonat kim loai ki^m,
- Tinh chat ciia mu6'i: (OH), hoac Ba(OH), de thu duoc m6t luong ke't tiia theo yeu cdu:
amoni tan duc(c, ben vdi nhiet.
"C02="i ,,
+ Cacbonat khac it tan, bj nhiet CO, + H,0 + Na,Si03
phan: > H,Si03i +Na,C03
CaCOj > CaO + CO, ' Cac thi du minh lioa:
+ Tfnh chat khdc ciia mu6'i: ^hi du 1: Ha'p thu hoan loan 2,24 lit khf CO, (dktc) vao 750 ml dung djch
* Cacbonat axit Ba(OH), 0,2M thu difoc m gam ke't tua. Gia trj ciia m la
+ De tan. A. 29,55 B. 19,70 C. 9,85 D. 39,40
+ Tinh luomg tinh. (Trich dethi tuyen sink DH khoi B nam 2013)
+ Kem bin nhiet.
Hu&ng ddn giai
2NaHC03 — ^ Na,C03 + CO, Theobaira: nco2 =0,1 (mol); n^^Q^^^ =0,15(mol)
+ H,0
253
^1 "Ba(OH)2 ^ " C O 2 ""^ P*'^" "^S- CO2+OH
0,20,2- 0,2
C O , + Ba(OH)2 B a C O j i + H.O
0,1 ->-0,l ^ 0,1 Hco; + OH CO^- + H 2 O
Vay m = 0,1 . 197 = 19,70 (gam) 0,1 < - ( 0 , 3 - 0 , 2 ) - ^ 0,1
Dap an diing \k B.
Ba 2+ + CO3" ^ BaC03 i
Thi du 2: Ha'p thu hoan toan 0,336 lit khi CO, (dktc) vao 200 ml dung dich gdm
NaOH 0,1M va KOH 0,1M thu diroc dung dich X. C6 can toan b6 dung dich 0,12 >0,1 < - 0,1 -» 0,1
X thu duoc bao nhidu gam chat ran khan? vay m = 0,1.197 = 19,70(gam)
A. 2,44 gam. B. 2,58 gam. C. 2,31 gam. D. 2,22 gam. f)ip an dung la A.
(Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang khd'i A) fl,idu 4: A la h6n hop khi g6m SO, va CO2 c6 ty khd'i hoi so vdi H^ la 27. DSn
Hu&ng ddn gidi a mol h6n hop khi A qua binh dung 1 lit dung djch NaOH 1,5a M , sau phan
Theo hki ra: nôj =0,015(mol); nNaOH =0,02(mol); nôH =0,02(mol) ihig c6 can dung dich thu duoc m gam mud'i. Biû thiic lidn he gifta m v a a la
A. m=105a B . m = 103,5a C. m = U6a D. m=141a
=> n _ = 0,02 + 0,02 = 0,04(mol)
(Trich de thi du bi dqi hoc)
OH
Hu&ng ddn gidi
CO2 + O H " ^ HCOJ
Theobaira: n^ =a(mol); Ufjô^ l'5a(mol)
0,015-^0,015 0,015
J ^ "NaOH 1,5a
HCO3 + OH" ^C0^-+H20 = 1,5<2
0,015 -^0,015 0,015

=0,04-(0,015 + 0,015)-0,01(mol) ^ Tao ra h6n hop mu6'i axit va mu6'i trung hoa:
OH i'^^) CO2 (SO2) + NaOH-> NaHC03 (NaHSOj)
Chat ran khan trong X: Na2C03,K2C03,NaOH,KOH. X -> X
Kh6'i lirong chat r l n khan:
SO2 (CO2 ) + NaOH -> Na2S03 (Na2C03) + H2O
Na+ COf O H " " "
y -^2y -> y
= ^ m = 0,02.23+ 0,02.93+ 0,015.60+ 0,01.17 = 2,31(g) Tu 1 fx + y = a
ineo bai ra: {
Dap an diing la C. ' "
x + 2y = l,5a
Chii y: Khd'i lirong cac chat trong X bang t6ng khd'i lirong cac ion trong X.
Giai ra duoc: x = 0,5a; y = 0,5a
Thi du 3: Sue 4,48 lit khi CO, (dktc) vao 1 lit dung dich h6n hop Ba(OH)r TheoPTHH: n^^Q =y = 0,5a(mol) ^ m^^ô = 0,5a. 18 = 9a(g)
0,12M va NaOH 0,06M. Sau khi cac phan irng xay ra hoan toan thu diroc m
Theo dinh luat bao toan kh6'i luong:
gam kS't tiia. Gia tri ciia m la
"Â + I"NaOH ^ mu«, + n i „ „ &
A. 19,70. B. 23,64. C. 7,88. D. 13,79.
(Trich dethi tuyen sinh DH khoi % =>a(27.2) + l,5a.40 = m + 9a *
Hu&ng ddn gidi ^ 54a + 60a = m + 9a => m = 105a
^^P an diing la A. >:
Theobaira: nco2 =0,2(mol); n^^^^^^^^ =0,12(mol); nNôH =0,06(mol)
=>n^^_ =0,12.2 + 0,06 = 0,3(mol) ; n^2+ =0,12(mol)

Thi du 5: Sue V lit C O j ( diû kifin chudn) vao 200 m l dung dich X g6m Ba(OH),
ay: VTH, = 0 , 1 . 2 2 , 4 = 2 , 2 4 ( 1 )
I M va N a O H I M . Sau phan ung thu duoc 19,7 gam ke't tua, gia tri ciia V 1^
A. 2,24 va 4,48 B. 2,24 va 11,2 C. 6,72 va 4,48 D. 5,6 va 11,2 V m 2 - 0 , 5 . 2 2 , 1 = 11,2(1)
(Trich de thi du bi dai hp,^ fhi du 6: Ha'p thu hoan toan 3,36 lit khi CO^ (dktc) vao 125 m l dung dich
, Hu&ng ddn gidi i ^ • Ba(OH)2 I M , thu diroc dung djch X . Coi ihi tich dung dich kh6ng thay d6i,
n6ng d6 mol ctia chat tan trong dung djch X la
Theo bai ra: ng^ôj^j = 0 , 2 ( m o l ) ; nâOH =0,2(mol) ivj-
A.0,4M B.0,6M C.0,1M D. 0,2M
19 7 ' (Trich detuyen sink Cao dang khoi A)
Ke't tiia la BaC03 ^ ng^coj = = 0'^{ôX)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
V i ngacoj = O,l(mol) <n^^(Q^^)^ = 0,2(mol) nfin c6 2 trucmg hcrp xay ra: 3 36
TTieobaira: nco2 = ^ = 0,15(mol) ; n^^^^^^ =0,125.1 = 0 , 1 2 5 ( m o l )
* Trucmg hop 1: O H " dir, chi xay ra phan ling:
PTHH: CO2 + Ba ( O H ) ^ -> BaC03 ^ +H2O
\ CO2 + Ba(OH)2 ->BaC03 i +H2O
0,125 <-0,125 0,125
; 0,1 <- 0,1 <- 0,1
CO2 + BaCOj + H2O -)• Ba(HC03)2 '
' VTHI =0,1.22,4-2,24(1)
(0,15-0,125) -> 0,025(mol)
* Trirdng hgrp 2: OH~ phan ufng hfi't, xay ra cac phuofng trinh hoa hoc sau:
CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO, i +H2O V ^ y C 3 . ( H c x , 3 ) 2 = ^ = 0,2M

0,1 <- 0,1 <- 0,1 I .
Dap an diing la D.
2CO2 +Ba(OH)2 ->Ba(HC03)2
Thi du 7: Ha'p thu hoan toan 0,672 lit k h i COj (dktc) vao 1 lit dung dich g6m
0,2 ^(0,2-0,1)
NaOH 0,025M va Ca(OH)3 0,0125M, thu duoc x gam kd't tua. Gia tri cua x la
CO2 + N a O H -> N a H C O , A-2,00. B.0,75. C. 1,00. D. 1,25.
0,2 <- 0,2 (Trich detuyen sink Dai hoc khoi A)
= > V T H 2 = ( 0 , 1 + 0 , 2 +0,2).22,4 = 11,2(1) Hu&ng ddn gidi
Vay V C O gia t r i la 2,241 hoac 11,21 TTieo bai ra: n c o , = = 0,03(mol)

Dap an dung la B. ^ 22,4 ^ '
Cdch eidi khdc: n _ = 0,2.2 + 0,2.1 = 0 , 6 ( m o l ) ; n ,+ = 0 , 2 ( m o l ) "NaOH = 0 , 0 2 5 ( m o l ) ; n^,^^Q^^^^ = 0 , 0 1 2 5 ( m o l )

OH t> HCO3 ^ " o H - =0,025 + 0,0125.2 = 0,05(mol); n^^2+ =0,0125(mol)

T H I : 0,1 < - 0 , l ( d u ) <- 0,1 (mol)
CO2 + OH" ^HCOj
T H 2 : 0 , 5 « - ( 0 , 6 - 0 , l ) - > 0 , 5 ( m o l ) (du)
0,03 -).0,03 ->0,03(mol)
HCO3 + O H ^ -> C O , " + H2O
HCO3 + OH" -> CO|- + H2O
0,1 <- 0,1 <- O,l(mol)
K 0,02 <-0,02 -> 0,02(mol)
CO^" + Ba^^ -> BaC03 i
I COJ' + Ca2+ ^CaC03i
0,1 <r- 0,1 <- O,l(mol)
0,0125.^-0,0125 ^ 0,0125(mol)
256
Vay x = mc,co,i=0'0I25.100=l,25(g) pXplT; CO ^ BaÔH), > BaCOji + HjO
X X
Dap an diing la D.
Thi du 8: Ha'p thu hoan toan 2,24 lit C O , (dktc) vao 100 ml dung djch g6m 2CO2 + Ba(OH), > Ba(HC03)2 *S - /
K j C O j 0,2M va K O H x mol/lit, sau khi cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan thu 2y y ".4. ,, , , , ,
duoc dung djch Y. Cho toan b6 Y tac dung vdti dung dich BaQ, (du), thu
rx + 2y = 0,12 fx = 0,08
dugrc 11,82 gam ket tiia. Gia tri cOa x la
[x =0,08 [y = 0,02
A. 1,6. B. 1,2. C. 1,0. ^ D. 1,4.
(Trich detuyen sink Dai hoc khoJB) W ra: n^,(oA), = x + y = 0,08 + 0,02 = 0,1 (mol)
Hu&ng ddn gidi 01
a = j ^ = 0,04(M). -%4-*,.w>-^f»,,:te».,,,
2,24
2 24
Theo bai ra: nco2 = 22,4 = 0,1 ( mol) (.i^ Pap an diing la C. . . a vi:.
•• nK2C03 -0,1.0,2 =0,02(mol); nôH =0,l.x =0,lx(mol) fhi du 10: Nung 13,4 gam h6n hop hai m'loi cacbonat ciia 2 kim loai hoa trj 2,
thu duoc 6,8 gam chat rSn va khi X. Lugmg khi X sinh ra cho ha'p thu vao 75
* 11 82
Kd'ttuala BaCO, ^ nuacoj = = 0,06(mol) ml dung dich NaOH I M , khd'i lirorig mu6'i khan thji duoc sau phan ung la
A. 4,2 gam. B. 5,8 gam. C. 6,3 gam. D. 6,5 gam.
VI nK2C03 < "BaC03 => P^^" umg tap ra K jCO, (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH • CD khoi B)
VI nco2 > "Bacoj - nK2C03 ^ phan umg tao ra KHCO3 Hu'dng ddn gidi
2 K O H + CO2 -> K2CO3 + H2O S6 mol NaOH: n^ôK = 0,075.1 = 0,075 (mol)
.Vi kim loai hoa trj I I ntn muoi cacbonat ciia no dang MCO3 (vi hai mu6'i
2a a -> a
cacbonat c6 c6ng thiJc tuong tu nhau n^n dat c6ng thiic chung la MCO3).
KOH + C 0 2 ^ K H C 0 3
So do phan u-ng: MCO3 > MO + CO,t
b <- b ^ b
Ap dung cjnh luat bao toan kh6'i lucmg cho so 66 trtn: ,
K2CO3 + BaClj -> BaC03 i +2KC1
•"1^1003 = "IMO + nico2
(a+ 0,02) (a+ 0,02)
fa+ 0,02 = 0,06 ^ mco2 = m^^^_ - m ^ o = 13,4-6,8 = 6,6(g)
Tacohe: <^ z=>a =0,04; b = 0,06
a + b =0,1
2'd + h 2.0,04 + 0,06 ,. ; siJk),^' .^^^ i c o , = — = 0,15(mol)
Vay: x = = = 1,4
0,1 0,1
Dap an dung la D. <V1 ^ ^ =^ = l<l==>taoramues'iNaHC03(CO,dir) „ ,
Thi du 9: Ha'p thu hoan toan 2,688 lit khi CO, (6 dktc) vao 2,5 lit dung dich nco2 2 - , ,
Ba(OH), n6ng d6 a mol/ lit, thu duoc 15,76 gam ket tiia. Gia trj ciia a la PTPU: CO, + NaOH > NaHCO,
A. 0,048. B. 0,032. C. 0,04. D. 0,06. 0,075 > 0,075 (mol)
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH • CD khoi Aj
% m„„6i = mNaHCOj = 0'075. 84 = 63 (gam)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
'âp an diing la C. ., k
Theo bai ra: nco2 = = 0,12(mol); rxgô^ = = 0,08(mol).
258 259
Thidu II: Cho 0,448 lit khi CO. (a dktc) ha'p thu Mi vao 100 ml dung djch c h ^ CO2 + OH" HCO3
h6n hop NaOH 0,06M va BaCOH), 0,12M, thu duoc m gam ke't tua. Gia trj 0,15 ^0,15 0,15 (mol)
cua m la
HCO3 + OH" -> CO^" + H2O
A. 3,940. B. 1,182. C. 2,364. D. 1,970.
(Trich De thi tuyen sink Dai hoc khoiA\ 0,05 <- ( 0 , 2 - 0 , 1 5 ) ^ 0 , 0 5 ( m o l ) \
Hu&ng ddn gidi Ba^^ + CO^- -> B a C O j i ,

0,448 0,05 0,05 ^ 0,05(mol)
S6 mol cac chat: nco2 = •i:r^ = 0.02 (mol)
22,4 j^^hoi lircmg phSn dung djch sau phan umg:
"NaOH = 0,1.0,06 = 0,006 (mol); n^^fy^^^^ = 0,1.0,12 = 0,012 (mol) mddsau=0,15.44 + m-0,05.197 = m-3,25(g) ,;
Suyra: n _= nNaOH + 2. nea/oH) = 0.006 + 2.0,012 = 0,03 (mol); Dap an diing la D.

cau 2: Ha'p thu het 1 mol h6n hop khi g6m CO2 va NO, blng dung djch NaOH du
OH V '2
thu duoc dung djch X. X phan ihig vCra dii bdi dung djch chiia 0,08 mol KMn04
"8,2+ = " B a ( O H ) 2 = 0,012 (mol) trong dung djch H2SO4 loang, dir. P h ^ tram th6' ti'ch CO, trong h6n hop ban dû la
Cac phan ting xay ra (ion rut gon): A. 24% B. 76% C.40% " D. 60%
CO, + OH" > HCO3
Hu&ng ddn gidi 1;,
0,02 > 0,02 > 0,02 (mol) PTHH: i (,
HCO3 + O H > COJ- + HoO CO2 + 2NaOH ^ Na2C03 + HjO
X (mol)
0,01 < (0,03 - 0,02) > 0,01 (mol)
2NO2 + 2NaOH ^ NaNOj + NaNOj + H2O
CO^" + Ba-" > BaCOji
y 0,5y (mol)
0,01 > 0,01 > 0,01 (mol)
=>x + y = 1 (1)
Vay m = me^co 3 = 0,01.197 = 1,97 (gam)
Dap an diing la D. , 5NaN02 + 2KMn04 + 3H2SO4 ^ SNaNOj + K2SO4 + 2MnS04 + 3H2O
0,5y y/5(mol)
= > y / 5 = 0,08=>y = 0,4(2)
Cau 1: Ha'p thu hoan toan 3,36 lit khi CO, (dktc) vao m gam dung djch h6n h<?p
chiia 0,05 mol NaOH; 0,05 mol KOH; 0,05 mol Ba(OH),. Dung djch sau pha" T t r ( l , 2 ) =>x=0,6; y = 0,4
umg C O kh6'i lucmg
Vi doi vori chat khi ti le the' ti'ch cung la ti le so mol ndn:
A. (m + 6,6)gam B. (m-5,05)gam
%Vco2 =%nco2 =^^^^^-60%
C. (m - 1 l,65)gam D. (m -3,25)gam
Hu&ng ddn gidi E>ap an dung la D.
3: Ha'p thu hoan toan 0,07 mol CO, va 250 ml dung djch NaOH 0,32M thu
Theo bai ra: = '^'^^ = 0,15 (mol) duoc dung djch G. Them 250 ml dung djch g6m BaQ, 0,16M va Ba(OH2 n6ng
CO2 22,4
d6 x M vao dung djch G thu duoc 7,88 gam ke't tua. Gia trj ciia x la
S6'mol O H " -0,05 + 0,05 + 0,05. 2 - 0 , 2 (mol) A. 0,04. B.0,03. C.0,06. D. 0,02. ,,,
Sd'mol Ba^^ =0,05 (mol) Hu&ng ddn gidi ;
I Theo bai ra: nâOH = 0,08(mol); ng^cij =0,04(mol); V
261
ny ti\HH Miv uvvH Ritang v
"Bacoji = ^ " " " ' ^ ' nB.(OH):. = 0,25x ( m o l ) . CiM 5: Nung 35,8 gam h6n hop X g6m FeCOj va M g C O j trong kh6ng khi de'n khoi
lircmg kh6ng d o i , con lai 22 gam chat ran. Ha'p thu toan b6 kh6'i luong khi CO,
=>n = 0,08-:-0,25x.2 =0,08-1 0,5x (mo!)
sinh ra vao dung djch Y chiJa 0,1 mol Ba(OH)2 va 0,2 mol NaOH. K h o i luong
n 2+=0.04+0,25x(mol); n 2 =0,04(mol) Icfi't tOa thu diroc sau phan ung la
/v. 9,85 gam B. 19,7 gam C. 17,73 gam D. 39,4 gam
Vi n <n Ba^"" du, CO?" b i ke'ttua he't. Hu&ng ddn gidi
Qq\, y I5n luot la so mol cua FeCO,, M g C O j trong h6n hop X .
^ PTPl/: CO, + O H -> HCO,- '" *'
PTPU": 4FeC03 + O2 — ^ 2Fe203 + 4CO2 t
0,07 -> 0,07-> 0,07
0,5x X ' - " ' ^
iaîti-? HCO3 + O H " CO^" +H2O w
'AU, f-v, 0,04 ><- 0,04 : : - M g C 0 3 — i ^ M g O + C02 t "
CO^"+Ba-^-> BaCOj i y y y
J 0,04 0,04 T h e o b a i r a : 116x + 84y = 35,8 (1)

1 6 0 . 0 , 5 x + 40y = 22 (2) ,
=> =0,07 + 0,04 =0,11 =0,08 +0,5x => x = 0,06
T i r ( I ) , ( 2 ) = > x = 0 , 2 ; y = 0,15
Dap an diing la C .
=>nco2 = x + y = 0,2 + 0,15 = 0,35(mol)
Cku 4: Ha'p thu hoan toan 6,72 lit CO, (dktc) vao 750 m l dung dich chiia dong thai
N a O H 0 , ! M va CiiCOH), 0,2M. Ket thiic phan ufng thu duoc m gam ket tua. Gi;i T6ng s6' mol ion OH": n _ = 0,1. 2 + 0,2 = 0,4 (mol)
OH . /
tri cua m la (cho Ca = 40, O = 1 6 , H = l , N a = 2 3 , C = 12)
A. 11,25 B. 15 C.7,5 D. 3,75 S6 mol ion Ba"^: n ^2+ = 0-' ( m o l ) ^ •
// u&ng ddn gidi
PTPlT: C02+OH-->HC03
T h e o b ^ i ra:nco2 = 0 , 3 ( m o l ) ; n^ôH = 0 , 0 7 : ( m o l ) ; nc,(oH)2 = 0 , 1 5 ( m o l )
0,35 0,35 0,35 (mol)
=0,075H 0 , 1 5 . 2 = 0 , 3 7 5 ( m o l ) ; n 2+-0,15(mol) HCO3 + OH" >C0^- + H2O
OH" ^ ' Ca^
PTPlT: CO2 + OH" ^ HCO3 0,05 <- (0,4-0,35) ^ 0,05 (mol)
Ban dau: 0,3 0,375 CO^" + Ba^^ >BaCOî ^5
Phanumg: 0,3 -> 0,3 0,3 0,05 0,05 - > 0 , 0 5 (mol)

Con: 0 0,075 0,3 Kh6'i luong ket tua duoc: m ^ = m^^^^ =0,05.197 = 9,85(gam)
HCO3 + O H " ^ CO^" + H2O Dap an diing la A. '
Ban dSu: 0,3 0,075 CÛ 6: Cho 224,0 m l k h i CO, (dktc) ha'p thu he't trong 100,0 m l dung dich kali
Phan irng: 0,075 <- 0,075 -> 0,075 hidroxit 0,200M. Tinh kh6'i luomg ciia nhOng chat c6 trong dung djch tao thanh.
CO|" + Ca^^ -> CaCOj i Hu&ng ddn gidi
0,075 0,15 Theo bai ra: nô, = 2 : ^ = O , 0 l ( m o l ) ;nKOH - 0 , 1 . 0 , 2 = 0,02 ( m o l )

0,075 - > 0,075 -> 0,075 22,4 rr
Vay m = 0,075. 100 = 7,5 (gam) V l i ! K O H = 2 ! ^ = 2. D o d 6 , x a y r a F r H H :

Dap an dung la C . j nco2 0,0! - ft
COj + 2KOH > K2CO3 + H2O C O 2 + BaC03 + H 2 O Ba(HC03)2
0,1 >• 0,1 (mol) fijd'u chi xay ra (1) thi luong CO, nho nha't:
Vco2 = 0,24. 22,4 = 5,376 lit
Trong dung djch chi c6 K 2 C O 3 : 01^2^3 = 0,01.138 = l , 3 8 ( g ) . ^ ;
N^'u xay ra ( 1 , 2, 3, 4) va BaCOj con lai 0,24 mol thi luong CO, Idn nha't:
cau 7: Nung 52,65 g CaCO, 6 1000°C va cho toan b6 luong khi thoat ra hSip thu he,
Vco2 =(0,3 + 0,2 + 0,06). 22,4 = 0,56. 22,4 = 12,544 lit
vao 500,0 m l dung djch NaOH 1,800M. H o i thu diroc nhOng mu6'i nao? Khoi
luong la bao nhieu? Bift rang hifiu sua't cua phan ling nhiet phan CaCO, la 95%. , Vay Vco2 = 5 , 3 7 6 (lit) hoac Vco2 =12,544 (lit).
Hu&ng ddn gidi
(^û 9: Cho V lit CO, (a dktc) ha'p thu he't vao 350 m l dung djch Ba(OH), 0,2M
PTHH: CaCOj — ^ CaO + CO^ tha'y tao thanh 7,88 gam kd't tiia. Ti'nh V .
Hu&ng ddn gidi
;r; "CO2 = "caC03 = = 0'5265 ( m o l ) Ha'p thu CO, bang dung djch Ba(OH), c6 tao thanh ke't tiia - > phan ihig tao
inu6'i trung hoa hoac hai muoi:
V i phan ihig c6 H = 95% ndn thuc i6 thu duoc:
C O 2 ( k ) + B a ( O H ) ^ (dd) BaC03 ( r ) + H 2 0 ( l ) (1)
0,5265.95 ^.^^t ^\
"CO2 = = 0'5002 ( m o l ) coth^co: 2C02(k) + Ba(OH)2(dd)-^Ba(HC03)2(dd) (2)
HNaOH =0,5.1,8 = 0 , 9 (mol) 7 88
T i le s6' mol giCa N a O H va CO^: 1 < ^^^^ÔH ^ ^'^ < 2 nBaC03 = - [ ^ = 0,04(mol);nB^(oH)^ =0,35. 0,2 = 0 , 0 7 ( m o l )
nco2 0,5002 +) Tru&ng hofp I: Kh6ng c6 phan iJng (2):

Theo(l): ^B^.(OH)^{vM)=^B;yCO^ =0,04(mol)<0,07mol->Ba(OH)2du
Do do, phan ling tao thanh h6n hop 2 mu6'i:
nco2 = nBaC03 = 0 , 0 4 ( m o l ) ^ V = 0,896(l)
CO2 + 2 N a O H > NajCOj + H2O
0,45 < - 0,9 > 0,45 +) Tru&ng hffp 2: Co phan ling (2):
Na2C03 + CO2 + H2O > 2NaHC03 Theo(l): n B , ( o H ) 2 ( i ) = " BaC03 = 0.04(mol)-> n^0H)^(2) =0,03(mol)
0,0502 < - ( 0 , 5 0 0 2 - 0 , 4 5 ) ^ 0,1004 nieo(l),(2): n c o 2 = n B a C 0 3 +'^^^.(OH)^{2) = 0 , l ( m o l ) V = 2,24(1)

Kh6'i luong cac muoi tao thanh: cau 10: Ha'p thu hoan toan 1,568 lit CO, (dktc) vao 500 m l dung djch N a O H
m N a H C O 3 = 0 , 1 0 0 4 . 84 = 8,434 ( g ) 0,16M, thu duoc dung djch X . Them 250 m l dung djch Y gdm BaCl, 0,16M va
Ba(OH), a M vao dung djch X , thu duoc 3,94 gam kd't tua va dung djch Z .
"^N.2CO, - (0,45 - 0,0502).106 = 42,38 ( g ) . Tfnh gia trj ciia a.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
C a u 8: Cho V l i t khi CO, (dktc) ha'p thu hoan toan vao 200 m l dung dich h6n ht/p
1 568
K O H I M va Ba(OH)2 1,5M thu duoc 47,28 gam ke't tiia. Viet cac P T H H xay
; "CO2 = - ^ = 0,07(mol); nâOH =0,5x0,16 = 0 , 0 8 ( m o l ) ;
va tim V .
Hu&ng ddn gidi nBaCi2 = 0,25x0,16 = 0 , 0 4 ( m o l ) ; n B ^ ( o H ) ^ =0,2a(mol);
Theo bai ra: n ^ Q H = 0 , 2 ( m o l ) ; n B 3 ( o H ) =0,3 (mol);nBaC03 =0,24 (mol)

i U4
3,94
n B a C O 3 = ^ = 0,02(mol).
- PTHH: C02+Ba(OH)2->BaC03+H20 (1) 197
CO2 + 2 K O H - > K2CO3 + H2O (2) IPTUU ' C02+0H-^HC0;

I r T H H xay ra: ^
CO2 + K2CO3 + H2O ^ 2KHCO3 (3) 0,07 0,08 0,07
264 i 265
HCOj + OH" CO^" + H2O Dang 2: Bai tap ve mud'i cacbonat
0,07 0,01 0,01 J, U thuyet van dung va phuong phap gial:
PTHH: CO^" + H " - ) . H C 0 3
' Ba^^ + CO?" — ^ B a C O , i ' ^
0,02 0,02 HCG3 + H ' -> CO2 + H2O W' ft f
Do ket tua thu duoc bang 0,02 mol, do do lirong OH cho thfim vao bang 0,01 mol. Khi cho tir tCr axit H* vao dung djch mu6'i cacbonat hoac h6n hop mu6'i cacbonat
Ta c6: OH" = 0,5a -> 0,5a = 0,01 -> a = 0,02. , va hidrocacbonat tW cac phan utig xay ra theo thir ttr trfin. •- »
Cau 11: Hap thu het V lit khi CO, (dktc) vao dung dich chiia a mol NaOH dirge Chijy: NaHCO, + NaOH ^ Na2C03
dung djch A. Biet rang neu cho tir tiT dung djch HCl vao dung dich A thi phai NaHCO, + Ca(OH)2 C a C O , + NaOH + H2O
mat 50 ml dung dich H Q I M mdi tha'y bat dSu c6 khi thoat ra. Mat khac, cho 2NaHC03 + Ca(OH)2 CaCOj + Na^COj + 2H2O ,
dung djch BaCOH). du vao dung djch A duoc 7,88 gam ket tua. 2NaHC03 Na.CO, f CO2 + H . O / ,^
Ti'nh V (dktc) va s6' mol NaOH trong A. Ca(HC03)2 + Ca(OH)2 -> 2CaCO, + 2H2O '
Hu&ng ddn gidi Ca(HC03)2 -> C a C O , + C O , + H2O
Khi cho tir tir HCl vao dung djch A phai het 50 ml mdri tha'y c6 khi thoat ra, do ..!! 1,/,? itr\
vay trong A phai chiia NaOH du hoac NajCO,.
* T H I : Dung djch NaOH du, khi do xay ra cac phan ling: Thidu I: Cho 200 ml dung djch Ba(0H)2 0,1M vao 300 ml dung dich NaHC03
CO, + 2NaOH ^ Na^CO, + HÔ (1) 0,1M, thu diroc dung dich X va ket tua Y. Cho tir tir dung djch HCl 0,25M vao
X de'n khi bat d&u c6 khi sinh ra thi het V ml. Bie't cac phan ung dû xay ra
Dung djch A c6 NajCO, va NaOH du, khi cho tir tir H Q vao .A c6 cac phan liiig: hoan toan. Gia trj ciia V la
NaOH + HCl NaCl + HÔ (2)
A-80 B.40 C. 160 D.60
Na^COj + HCl -> NaHCOj + NaQ (3)
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoiB nam 2013)
NaHCO, + HCl ^ NaCl + HÔ + CO^t (4)
Hu&ngddn gidi
Khi cho Ba(Oh)2 vao dung djch A c6 phan ling:
Theo bai ra: ng^^^^^^^ = 0,2.0,1 = 0,02 (mol);
Ba(OH)3 + Na^COj-> 2NaOH + BaCO,>l (5)
Theo cac phuong trinh phan ung: "NaHOT, =0,3.0,1 =0,03 (mol) c
nco2 =''BaC03 = 0,04 m o l V C Q ^ - 0 , 8 9 6 ( l f t ) PTHH: Ba(0H)2 + NaHC03 ^ B a C 0 , l + NaOH + H , 0
"NaOH - 2nco2 + "HC, " nNa2C03 = 2- 0,04 + 0.05 - 0,04 = 0,09 mol
Bandau: 0,02 0,03
Phanu-ng: 0,02 0,02 0,02
* TH2: Dung djch A chiJa h6n hop hai mudi Na^COj va NaHCOj:
Con 0 0,01 0,02
Cho HCl vao dung djch A c6 cac phan ting:
(3 N.''HC03 + NaOH Na^COj + H.O
Na^COj + HCl ^ NaHCO,, + NaCl (3) 14 Phan utig: 0,01 -> 0,01 -> 0,0 !i
NaHCO, + HCl ^ NaCl + H3O + CO^T (4) ,C6n: 0 0,01 0,01
Theo (3) nNa2C03 ^ "HCI = 0,05 (mol) NaOH + H C l NaCl + HÔ
Khi cho dung djch A tac dung vdri dung djch Ba(OH)2 dir c6 cac phan utig: 0,01 0,01 (mol)
Ba(OH)2 + N a X O , 2NaOH + BaCO,! (5) Na2C03 + H C l -> NaCl + NaHCO, '
Ba(OH)2 + NaHCO, ^ BaCOji + NaOH + HoO (6) 0,01 ^ 0,01 (mol)
"BaCO, =nNa2C03 +nNaHC03 = 0-05 + UNaHC03 > 0 , 0 4 ( m o l ) ^ V6 If. =>nHc, = 0,01 +0,01 =0,02 (mol) =^ V = 1000 = 80(mol)
r 0,25 ^ '
\p an dung la A .
Cty TNHH MTV D W H KhangViei
Thi du 2: Cho rat tir tir (c6 khuSy d6u) 150 ml dung dich HCl I M vko 500 ml
Trong cac phuong an thi chi c6 0,21 + 0,18 = 0,39M
dung dich A g6m NajCO, va NaHCO, thi thu duoc 1,008 lit khi (diû kien
£)ap an diing la B. y,
chu^n) va dung dich B. Cho dung dich B tac dung v6i dung dich BaCOH), du
* N6'u each tifi'n hanh thi nghiSm: Cho nhanh (va kh6ng khuSy dû) axit H Q vao
thi thu duoc 29,55 gam kfe't tua. N6ng d6 mol cua NajCOj va NaHCOj trong
dung djch A thi ca CO^" va HCO3 d6ng then phan iJng vdi H\a c6 thi d6ng
dung djch A iSn luot la
then con du:
A.0,18M va0,26M B. 0,21 M va 0,18M
C. 0,21Mva0,32M D. 0,2M va 0,4M CO^ +H+^HCOJ i ' '
{Trich de thi du bi dqi hoc) a -> a '
Hu&ng ddn gidi HCO3 + H^ -> CO2 + H2O
Theobaira: nHci =0,15.1 =0,15(mol); b -> b -> b
nc02 ~ - 0 , 0 4 5 ( m o l ) ; n B , c o 3 = ^ = 0.15(rTiol) CO^- +Ba(OH)2 ^^^^3 ^ + 2 0 H -

c -> c
Cho T&i tir tir axit HCl vao dung djch A ntn c6 th^ coi phan utig xay ra dSu tien la:
HCO3 + Ba(OH)2 ^ ^^^3 ^ + O H - + H2O
H^ + CO]- ^ HCO;
d -> d
a <- a ->a(mol)
a + b = 0,15
V i CO CO, thoat ra nen phan umg tid'p theo xay ra la:
Ta CO h6: Ih = 0,045
HCO3 + ->C02T+H20
c + d=0,15
0,045 < - 0,045 < - 0,045(mol)
Hd nay kh6ng giai duoc a, b, c, d.
HCO3 con dir de phan dug vdi BaCOH),:
Thidu 3: Cho 9,125 gam muoi hidrocacbonat phan ung het vori dung dich H^SO^
HCO3 + Ba (OH)^ BaCOj i +H2O + O H " (du), thu duoc dung djch chua 7,5 gam mu6'i sunfat trung hoa. C6ng thiic cua
muoi hidrocacbonat la
0,15 <- 0,15(mol)
A.Ca(HC03)3 B.Mg(HC03), C NaHCO, D. Ba(HC03)3
Goi a, b \in luot la s6' mol Na2C03,NaHC03 c6 trong 500 ml dung djch A. (Trich detuyen sink Cao dang khdJA)
a + b = 0,045 + 0,15 = 0,195 ^ ^„ Hu&ng ddn gidi
Ta c6: <^ => a = 0,105; b = 0,09
3 + 0,045 = 0,15 So do:
2-61 96 =>giam26gam
Suy ra: 9,125-7,5

Dap an diing la B. n , • = 0,0625(mol)
26
Chu y: * Cach giai nhanh bai nay:
Vi nguyen to cacbon duoc bao toan n6n ta c6: '"HCO3- = 20,0625 = 0,125(mol)
"c(Na2C03) + "c(NaHC03) = "c(C02) "c(BaC03) * Neu muoi dang MHCO3: n^Hcoj =n^^^_ =0,125(mol)
=â + b =0,045+ 0,15 = 0,195(mol)
9,125
=>CN,2C03 +CN,HCO3 = a / 0 , 5 + b/0,5 = (a + b)/0,5
i, =:> M : = 7 3 (loai)
= 0,195/0,5 = 0,39M 'Ng'u mu6'i dang M ( H C 0 3 ) 2 •

268
HCI + N a j C O , -> NaCl + N a H C O ,
(HCI va Na^CO, phan ung vCra hfi't vdfi nhau)
p o do, khi lOOg dung djch Na^CO, a% phan utig vdi 100 g dung dich HCI b%
9,125
= 146(Mg(HC03)2); theoPTHH:
•M(HCO,), yy^25
2HC1 + Na^COj -> 2NaCl + CO2 t + H 2 O
Dap an dung la B.
(HCI va N a i C O , phan umg vira het vdri nhau).
Thi du 4: Cho tir tir dung dich chiia x mol HCI vao dung dich chiia y moj Khoi lirong dung djch giam do CO2 thoat ra:
Na^CO,, thu duoc 1,12 1ft khi (dktc) va dung dich X. K h i cho nu6c v6i trong
du vao dung djch X thay xuat hien 5 gam ket tua. Gia t r i ciia x va y iSn lugt la nico2 = 100 + 100 - 195,6 = 4,4g npo^ = ^ = 0,1 (mol)
A. 0,10 va 0,075. '' B. 0,10 va 0,050. yMM' 44
C. 0,20 va 0.150. D. 0,15 va 0,100. Ma nf,,,co3 (lOOg) = -n^î (lOOg) = n,-;o2 =0,1 (mol)
Hit&ng dan gidi
.HHCI =0,1.2 = 0 , 2 9 ( m o l )
1,12
K h i thu diroc la CO,: n C02 = 0,05(mol)
22,4 0,1.106.100% 0 2 3 6 5 100%
Suyra:a = — = 10,6%; b = "'^"^^'^'""^'^ = 7 3%
5
Ket tiia la CaCO,: = 0,05 ( m o l ) 100 lOQ
Vay a - b = 1 0 , 6 - 7 , 3 = 3,3%
HCI + Na^CO, ^ NaCl + NaHCO^ Dap an diing la A. i '
y <- y y (mol) Thidu 6: Nung 34,6 gam h6n hop g6m Ca(HCO,)2, NaHCOj, K H C O , , ihVd^
3,6 gam H , 0 va m gam h6n hop cac muoi cacbonat. Gia tri cua m la
HCI + NaHCO, NaCi + C O . t + HÔ
A-2''^ B. 22,2 C. 17,8 • D.43,8
(x-y) ( x - y ) ^ (x-y) Hu&ng ddn gidi
f
N a H C O , + C a ( O H ) , - ^ C a C O , i + N a O H + H2O Tlieo bai ra: n^^^^^ = 0 , 2 ( m o l )
[y-(x-y)] (2y-x)
PU: Ca ( H C O , \^ + CO2 T + H 2 O
x - y = 0,05
Theo bai ra, ta c6: { • x =0,15; y = 0,10. I 2NaHC03 >Na2C03+C02+H2O
2y-x=0,05
f 2KHCO3 >K2C03 + CO2 + H2O
Dap an dung la D.
thay: nôj = n^^ô = 0 , 2 ( m o l ) '
Thidu 5: Cho tir tir 100 gam dung dich Na^CO, a% vao 100 gam dung dich HCI
b % thu duoc 195,6 gam dung dich mu6'i. Mat khac, nd'u cho rS't tir tir 50 gam Theo djnh luat bao toan khoi luong:
dung dich HCI k% vao 1(X) gam dung djch N a X O , a%, thu duoc 150 gam
dung dich chi chua hai muoi. Hi6u so a - b c6 gia trj la
A. 3,3%. B. 5,7% C. 8,9%. D. 15,3%. _ 34,6= m + 0,2.44 + 0,2.18 =>m = 22,2 (gam)
Ha&ng ddn gidi Dap an diing la B.
• K h i cho 50g dung djch HCI b % vao lOOg dung djch NajCOj a% thu duoc I50g "^hidu 7: Cho phan ling: NaHCOj + Ca(OH), (du) ->
dung djch mdi (bang t6ng kh6'i luong hai dung djch ban d5u) => Kh6ng c6 CO:
Tong he so (so nguyen, nho nha't) cua cac chat trong phirong trinh phan umg
bay ra. da can bang la
Mat khac, dung djch tao ra chi chiia hai mud'i ^ hai mu6'i la NaCl va NaHCO^: ^,A_IO C2
270 271
Xa c6:174x + 142 y = 7,74 (2)
Hu&ng ddn gidi Ciai he (1, 2) ta duoc: x = 0,02; y = 0,03
P T P L T : NaHC03 + Ca(OH)2 (du) C a C O , i + NaOH + vay thanh ph^n ciia h6n hop ban dû:
mNa2C03 = 0,03.106 = 3,18(g)
T6ng he so cac chat: 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 5 .
Dap an dung la B. mK2C03 = 0,02.138 =2,76(g)
Thi du 8: Tr6n 100 ml dung djch chura X2CO3 I M va XHCO3 I M v6i 50 ml dung hoac mK2C03 = 5,94 - 3,18 = 2,76 (g)
dich Y2CO3 I M va YHCO3 I M thu duac dung dich Z (X, Y la kim loai kiem).
Nho tir tir den he't 350 ml dung dich HCl I M vao dung dich Z. Th^ tich khf p^p an diing la A.
thoat ra (dktc) la flUdu 10: Co m6t h6n hop ba mudi NH4HCO3, NaHC03, Ca(HC03),. Khi ^
A. 3,92 lit B. 4,48 lit C . 7,84 lit D. 2,241it ^ 48,8 g h6n hap do da'n kh6'i luang kh6ng d6i, thu duoc 16,2 g ba r i n . Che' hoa
ba ran vdri dung djch HCl la'y du, thu duoc 2,24 lit khi (dktc). Xac dinh th^nh
Hu&ng ddn gidi
jîn ph^n tram cac mutfi trong h6n hop
Theobaira: nx2C03 =0.1 (mo'); " X H C O J =^,1 (mol) Hu&ng ddn gidi
"YJCO, =0,05(mol);nYHCO3 =0,05(mol); HHCI =0,35(mol) Cic phan iJng phan huy mu6'i khi nung:
=>n , =0,1+ 0,05 = 0,15(mol); n _ = 0,1+ 0,05 = 0,15(mol) NH4HCO3 — ^ NH3 + C O 2 + H 2 O . (1)
CO^" HCO3
n ^ =0,35(mol) 2NaHC03 — N a 2 C 0 3 + C O 2 + H.O (2)
H
Ca(HC03), — ^ CaO + 2 C O 2 + H 2 O (3)
PTPlT: CO3" + >HC03
Ba ran thu duoc sau khi nung g6m Na^CO, va CaO, chiing tan trong dung dich
Phanu-ng: 0,15-»0,15 -^0,15 HCl du theo cac phuong trinh hda hoc: '
Con: 0 0,2 0,3 Na2C03 + 2HC1 ^ 2NaCl + CO, + H , 0 (4)
HCO3 + H * >C02t+H20 CaO + 2 H a ^ CaCl, + H.O " (5)
0,2 <- 0,2 ^0,2 11160(4): n^^^coj ="003 =^ = 0,10 (mol),

Vay, th^ tich khi thoat ra: Vcoj = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (lit)
=>kh6'iluong Na^COj = 106.0,10= 10,6 (g)
Dap an dung la B ^ Theo (2): PNaHcoj = ^.n^^^^co^ = 2.0,10 = 0,20 (mol),
Thi du 9: Cho 5,94 g h6n hap K3CO3 va Na.COj tac dung vdri dung dich H2SO4
=> Kh6'i luong NaHCOj = 84.0,20 = 16,80 (g)
du thu duoc 7,74 g h6n hap cac muoi khan K2SO4 va Na2S04. Thanh phSn cua
m6i h6n hop ddu la S6- mol CaO cd trong ba ran = ^^'^"^"'^ = 0,10 (mol)
A. 3,18 g Na2C03 va 2,76 g K2CO3 B. 3,81 g Na2C03 va 2,67 g K . C O , 56,0
C. 3,02 g Na2C03 va 2,25 g K . C O j D. 4,27 g Na2C03 va 3,82 g K 2 C O , Theo (3): nca(HC03)2 = "cao = 0.10 (mol)
Hay chon dap an dung. => Kh6'i luang Ca(HC03)2 = 162,0.0,10= 16,2 (g)
Hu&ng ddn gidi Thanh phdn pMn tram cua h6n hop mu6'i:
Goi X, y \in luot la s6' mol K2CO3, Na2C03 16 8
Tac6:138x+106y = 5,94 (1)
PTHH: K2CO3 + H2SO4 > K2SO4 + CO2 + H2O '^^"1N3HC03 = 100% = 34,43%
Na2C03 + H2SO4 > Na2S04 + CO2 + H2O ^'""Ca(HC03)2 " ^^'^'^^
^'""NH4HC03 =100%-34,43%-33,2% = 32,37%=32,4%

273
Thidu 11: Dung dich A chiJa Na^COj 0,1M NaHCO, 0,1M; dung djch B chug HCOf + OH" -> CO^- + H2O (3)
KHCOjO.lM. 0,06 0,06 0,06
a) Tinh ch^ ti'ch khi CO. (dktc) thoat ra khi cho tir tir timg giot de'n hd't 150 xt\\
dung dich HCl 0,1M vao 100 ml dung dich A. Ba^"^ + COf -> BaCOj i (4)
b) Xac djnh s6' mol cac chat c6 trong dung dich thu duoc khi thfim 100 ml dung 0,04 0,04 0,04
dich Ba(OH)2 0,1M vao 150 ml dung dich B.
Trong dung djch sau phan ling con lai: 0,1 mol CV; 0,16 mol K*; 0,02 mol OH
Hudmg ddn gidi
va 0,02 mol CO|" .
a) n 2- =0,Ol(mol); n =0,0l(mol); n + =0,015(mol) Yi\i6\g mu6'i = (0,1.35,5) + (0,14.39) + (0,02.60) = 10,21 gain.
COf + \t ^ HCO3 fhi du 13: Co hai dung djch: Dung djch A chiia 0,2 mol NajCOj va 0,3 mol
NaHCOj, dung djch B chiia 0,5 mol HQ.
0,01 0,01 0,02
Tinh th^ tich khi bay ra (dktc) trong ba thi nghifim sau:
HCO;+H^^ C02t+H20 . D6 TA tix tir dung djch B vao dung djch A de'n he't
0,02 0,005 0,005 . D6 rat tilf tir dung djch A vao dung djch B de'n he't
Vay V = 0,005. 22,4 = 0,112 lit. . Tr6n nhanh hai dung djch vdri nhau.
b) n^^^_ =0,015(mol); n3,(oH)^ =0,0l(mol); n^^_ =0,02(mol) Hadng ddn gidi
a) D6 ra't tir tir dung djch B (HCl) vao dung djch A (Na2C03 + NaHC03) , liic do
HCO; + OH" -> CO^~ + H2O luot xay ra cac phan ling:
0,015 0,015 0,015 ->du 0,005 mol OH" Na2C03 + HCl-> NaCl + NaHC03 (0
Ba^++CO^~ ^BaCOj NaHC03 + HCl -> NaCl + H2O + COj (2)
0,01 0,015 0,01
Theo(l): =11^^2003 = n N a H C 0 3 ^ ^ ' ^ "1°'
Dung dich sau phan umg c6: KOH 0,005 mol; K.COj 0,005 mol.
nNaHC03 tham gia (2) = 0,2 + 0,3 = 0,5 mol
Thidu 12: Mho tCr tir 25 gam dung djch HCl 14,6% vao dung djch chiia 11,04 gam
K2CO3, sau do cho th6m vao dung dich 0,04 mol BaCOH).. Tinh t6ng khoi OHCI con lai sau (1) =0,5-0,2 = 0,3 mol
luong cac muoi trong dung djch thu duoc sau khi phan ihig xay ra hoan toan. Theo (2) nco2 = HHC, = 0,3 mol ^ Vco2 = 6,72 lit.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
^) D6 ra't tir tir dung djch A vJio dung djch B:
Theo bai ra ta c6: Vi Iijc diu luong HCl du so vdfi luong Na.COj va NaHCO, them vao, do do ddng
n ^ =n =0,1 mol; n , =0'08 mol; n =0,16 mol thai xay ra ca 2 phan ling:
CO
Na2C03+2Ha^2NaCl + H20 + C02 (r)
2+ =0,04 mol; n^^_ =0,08 mol
NaHCOj + HCl -> NaCl + H2O + CO2 (2')
Xet tCrng qua trinh: hai phan ling nay tie'p tuc ciing xay ra cho tdi he't HQ. Goi x la % s6' mol ciia
+ CO3" ^ HCOJ (0 Na2C03 va cua NaHC03 diroc them vao tori vira he't HQ, ta c6:
0.08 0,08 0,08 0,2x „ 0,3x , „ , 500
.2 + .1=0,5 - > x =
H^ + HCO3 -> CO2 + H2O (2) 100 100 7
0,02 0,02 0,02 '^'^ng so mol CO. bay ra bang:
i ^ . ^ . ^ . o l ^ V ^ =2:^.22.4 = 8 lit.
100 100 7 CO2 7 •
274 ^ 275
c) Tr6n 2 dung djch thi khdng thi bie't duoc chat nao phan ihig tru6c, chat nao C t y TNHHMTV DWHKhattg Viit
phan ling sau. Do do ta phai gia thid't nhir sau:

- G i a siJr NajCO, phan umg trudc, luc do: Cacbon tac dung duoc v6i hoi nu6c 6 nhidt d6 cao tao thanh khi than udt C O ,
CO, va H,. giam s6' dn, ta dat s6' mol CO, C O , tao thanh, con s6' mol H , tinh
NajCOj + 2 H C 1 2 N a C l + H 2 O + C O 2
duoc theo s6' mol cua C O , C O , .
Lucmg HCl phan dug vdi NajCOj la: n^^c^ =0,2.2 = 0,4 mol CO kh6ng tac dung vdi nudc, axit va dung dich kiem 6 diû kien thucmg.
Ph^n axit con lai tac dung vdi NaHCO, la 0,1 mol Khi d6't nong, khi C O chay trong oxi hoac trong khdng khi, cho ngon lua mau
lam nhat va toa nhi6u nhidt:
NaHC03 + H C l N a C l + H 2 O + C O 2
+2 0 +4
Do do t6ng s6' mol CO, bay ra = 0,2 + 0,1 = 0,3 mol Vco2 = ^'''^ lit
2CO + O2 ~ — > 2 C O 2
- Gia six NaHCO, phan img tnrdc, liic do:
nhiet d6 cao, khi C O khir duoc nhidu oxi kim loai.
NaHCO^ + HCI NaCl + C O 2 + H 2 O +2 0 +4
Lucmg HCl phan umg vori NaHCO, la 0,3 mol. Thidu: Fe203 + 3 C O ——> 2Fe + 3 C O 2
Tinh chat nay duoc diing trong luy€n kim de khu cac oxit kim loai. Khi C O khir
PhSn axit con lai tac dung vdi Na^CO, la 0,5 - 0,3 = 0,2 mol
duoc cac oxit kim loai sau kem.
, Na2C03 + 2HC1 - » 2 N a C l + C O 2 + H j O Phuong phap su dung dfe' giai cac bai tap dang nay:
Do do t6ng s6' mol CO, bay ra = 0,3 + 0,1 = 0,4 mol Vco2 =8,96 lit. . Phuong phap bao toan electron.
Vay lucmg CO, nam trong khoang: 6,72 lit < V(CO,) < 8,96 lit. . Phuong phap quy doi.
• Phuong phap bao toan khoi luong.
Dang 3: Bdi tap ve cacbon, cacbon monooxit 2. Cac thi du minh hoa:
1. L i thuyet van dung va phuong phap giai: Thidu I: H6n hop X gom FeO, FeÔ, va Fe304. Cho khi C O qua m gam X nung
nong, sau m6t then gian thu duoc h6n hop chat ran Y va h6n hop khi Z. Cho
Cacbon chay duoc trong khdng khi, phan iJng toa nhiû nhifit:
toan bo Z vao dung dich Ca(OH), du, den phan ihig hoan toan, thu duoc 4
0 ,0 +4
gam ke't tiia. Mat khac, hoa tan hoan toan Y trong dung djch H,S04 dac, nong
C + O2 CO2 (du), thu duoc 1,008 lit khi SO, (dktc, san ph^m khir duy nhat) va dung dich
CJ nhifet d6 cao, cacbon lai khir duoc CO, theo phan ling: chua 18 gam mu6'i. Gia trj ciia m la
44 0 n +2 A. 6,80 B. 7,12 C . 13,52 D. 5,68
CO2 + C —!—> 2 C O
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoi B nam 2013)
d nhi^t d6 cao, cacbon c6 thd' khix duoc nhilu oxit, phan ling v6i nhiû chat 0x1
Hu&ng dan giai
hoa khac nhu HNO,, H,S04 dac, KC10„ ...
De }>idi hai tap nay c6 thi suT Jung phucfng phap quy dSi nguyen ti(, phuong
Thi'du: C + 4HN0,(dac) — ^ CO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O phap hiio toan nguyen to (nguyen to sat) vd phifcfng phap hdo toan electron de
0 ,0 +2 nhanh chong lap diMc cacphirang tiinh dai so.
C + ZnO — ^ Zn + CO Ke't tiia la CaCOj: ncaco, = 0-04 (mol)
6 nhiet d6 cao c6 chat xuc tac, C tac dung v6i khi H , tao thanh khi CH4:
18
Mu6-i la Fe3(S04)3: "^^^(504)3 = ^ = 0-045 (mol)
C + 2H2 ' > CH4
1 008
d nhidt d6 cao, C tac dung duoc voi m6t s6' kim loai tao thanh cachua kim loai
, S6' mol khi SO,: n^^ = = 0,045 (mol)
0 ,0 -4 ' 22,4
Thidu: 4A1 + 3 C — ! — > A I 4 C 3 PTHH: CO, + Ca(OH), ^ CaCOji + H , 0
Nh6m cacbua 0,04 <-0,04 ' .;t-A4
276 •uy d6i h6n hop X thanh Fe (x mol) va O (y mol). ' '•
Vi nguyen t6' sSt duoc bao loan nfin: x = np^pg2(so4) ) 2 . 0 , 0 4 5 = 0,09(mol)
Xheobaira: nN02 = ^ | ^ = 0,195(mol)
Cac qua trinh nhucmg - nhan electron:
Ta quy hdn hop X thanh 2 chat: Fe, FezOa ' -
-2
Fe - 3e -> Fe*^ O + 2e ^ O Fe + 6HNO3 ^ Fe(N03)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
0,09 -Ô,n(,mo\) y ^ 2y x/3 X
C - 2e C S + 2e ^ S Fe203 + 6HNO3 ^ 2Fe{N03), + 3H2O

• ' ' 0,08 < - 0,04 0,09 <- 0,045 y
Theo djnh luSt bao toan electron ta c6:
56x/3 + 160y = 10,44
0,27 + 0,08 = 2y + 0,09 =^y = 0,13 V Ta cd hd:
X = 0,195 ^
Vay m = mp, + mo = 0,09 . 56 + 0,13 . 16 = 7,12 (gam)
Dap an dung la B. Gm ra ta duoc: x = 0,195; y = 0,0425
Fe203 + 3CO - > 2Fe + 3CO2
Thidu 2: DSn lu6ng khi CO di qua h6n hop gom CuO va FcjOj nung nong, sau
x/6 <- x / 3
mdt then gian thu duoc chat ran X va khi Y. Cho Y ha'p thu hoan to^n vao
dung dich BaCOH), du, thu duoc 29,55 gam k6t tua. Chat ran X phan iJng vdi Vay m = ( x / 6 + y).160 = (0,195/6 + 0,0425).160 = 12(g)
dung djch HNO, du thu duoc V lit khi NO (san p h ^ khu duy nhaft, d dktc). Dap an diing la A.
Gia trj cua V la Thidti 4: Cho hoi nude di qua than ndng do, thu duoc 15,68 lit hdn hop khi X
A. 2,24. B.4,48. C. 6,72. D. 3,36. (dktc) gdm CO, CO, va H,. Cho toan bo X tac dung he't vdi CuO (du) nung
(Trich dethi tuyen sink DH khoi B) ndng, thu duoc hdn hop chat ran Y. Hoa tan toan bd Y bang dung dich HNO3
Hu&ng dan gidi (loang, du) duoc 8,96 lit NO (san ph&n khir duy nha't, d dktc). PhSn tram th^
K6t tua m BaCOj =>nBaco3 =0-15 (mol) tichkhiCOtrongXla
A. 28,57%. B. 14,28%. C. 18,42%. D. 57,15%.
Ta cd: nco = nô^ = n^coj, = 0.15 (mol)
+2 +4 +5 +2 •
Hu&ng ddn gidi
C - > C + 2e N + 3 e ^ N
15 68 8 96
0,15-). 0,3 0,3 ^ 0,1 Theobîra: Ux = ^ j j = 0,7(mol); nô = ^ - 0 , 4 ( m o l )
Vay V-0,1.22,4-2,24(1)
Dap an dung la A. H20 + C ^ C O + H2 2H20 + C - > C 0 2 + 2 H 2
Thi du 3: Cho mdt ludng khi CO di qua 6'ng siJ dung m gam FejOj nung nong x->x(mol) y->2y(mol)
Sau mdt thdi gian thu duoc 10,44 gam chat ran X gdm Fe, FeO, FeiO, va Tacd: x + y + x + 2y=0,7 =>2x + 3y = 0,7 (l)
Fe304. Hda tan hd't X trong dung dich H N O 3 dac, ndng thu dugc 4,368 lit H2 + C u O ^ C u + H2O
CO + CuO ^ Cu + CO2
NO2 (san phdm khu duy nha't d diû kidn chuin). Gia tri ciia m la
x xmol x + 2y - > ( x + 2y)mol
A. 12 B. 24 C.10,8 D. 16
(Trich di thi du bi dai hocl 3Cu + 8HNO3 -> 3Cu (NO3 )^ + 2NO + 4H2O
Hu&ng ddn gidi 2x + 2y -> 4(x + y ) / 3 ,
De gidi nhanh hai nay nen quy doi hSn hap sat vd cdc oxit cua sat thdnh Fe
Tacd: 4(x + y ) / 3 = 0,4 =>x + y = 0,3 (2) ;
FcpO, (nen chgn FfjO, v; viet phuang trinh hod hoc dan gian nhd't).
07Q
Tir (1,2) x=0,2;y=0,l Hu&ng ddn gidi
x.100% 0,2.100%
= 28,57% CO + AUOj kh6ng xay ra
Vay %Vco/x=%nco/x = 0,7 0,7
Dap an diing la A. CO + MgO -> kh6ng xay ra
,0
Thi du 5: Cho V lit h6n hop khi (o dktc) g6m CO va phan ixng vdi mOt lirgng 4CO + Fe304 ' ^ 3Fe + 4CO,
du h6n hop ran g6m CuO va Fe304 nung nong. Sau khi cac phan urng xay ra .0
hokn toan, kh6'i luong h6n hop rdn giam 0,32 gam. Gia tri ciia V la CO +CuO -> Cu + CO,
A. 0,560. B. 0,224. C. 0,112. D. 0,448. Y g6m AUO,, MgO, Fe, Cu.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH • CD khoJAj
A U O 3 + 2NaOH + 3H,0 > 2Na[Al(OH)4]
Huong ddn gidi MgO, Fe, Cu khdng tac dung voi NaOH.
vay Z g6m MgO, Fe, Cu.
So 66 phan ung: CO + [O] CO, (k)
Dap an diing la C.
H, +[0] -> H2O (h)
fhi^du 8: Cho 4,48 lit khf CO (o dktc) tir tir di qua 6'ng su: nung nong dung 8
gam m6t oxit sat den khi phan utig xay ra hoan toan. Khi thu dugfc sau phan
Kh6'i luong h6n hop rSn giam chinh bSng kh6'i luong nguy^n t6' oxi trong oxit bi umg C O ti kh6'i so vdri hidro bang 20. C6ng thUc ciia oxit sat va phSn tram th^
tich ciia khi CO, trong h6n hop khf sau phan umg (cho H = 1; C = 12; O = 16;
CO, H , chie'm. Suy ra: nio, = — = 0,02(mol). Fe = 56) '
16
A.Fe,04;75%. B. FeO; 75%. C. F e A ; 75%. D. F e A ; 65%.
vay V = 0,02. 22,4 = 0,448 (lit).
Dap an diing la D.
Thi du 6: Cho lu6ng khf CO (du) di qua 9,1 gam h6n hop CuO va AUO, nung Hu&ng ddn gidi
nong de'n khi phan dug hoan toan, thu duoc 8,3 gam chat rSn. Kh6'i luong 4,48
CuO C O trong h6n hop ban dSu la Theo bai ra: nco = —— = 0,2 (mol) !
22,4
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A) Phuong trinh phan limg: yCO + Fefiy - xFe yCO,
Ha&ng ddn gidi Ta tha'y: no, = no, 3 => "hh kh, = 0,2 (mol)
=^ m,h,h,- = 0 , 2 . 2 0 . 2 = 8(gam)
PTPLT xay ra: CO„„) + CuO„, '—^ Cu„, + C O , t
CO +AUO3,,, -> kh6ng xay ra Theo dinh luat bao toan khoi luong: m^Q + "^PeÔy = "^Fe + "^002
Khi 1 mol CuO (80g) phan ung thi kh6'i luong giam 16 gam.
= ^ m p , = 0,2. 28 + 8 - 8 = 56 (gam) =>nFe = ^ = 0,1 (mol)
vay khi khd'i luong oxit giam 9,1 - 8,3 = 0,8 gam thi s6' mol CuO da phan ung 56
bang 0,05 (mol). - 2 ^ 9 0 - ^ ^ ^ - 0 . 1 5 (mol)
vay mcuO(bandiu) = mcuO(p/*) = 0,05. 80 = 4(gam). 16
Dap an diing la D. % X : y = 0,1 : 0,15 = 2 : 3. vay oxit la FeÔ,.
Thidu 7: Cho khi CO (du) di qua 6'ng su nung nong dung h6n hop X g6m A I 2 O 3 . Goi a, b Idn luot la so mo! CO, CO, trong h6n hop khf sau phan umg.
MgO, Fe304, CuO thu duoc chat ran Y. Cho Y vô dung djch NaOH (du). x + y = 0,2
khua'y k i , tha'y con lai phSn kh6ng tan Z. Gia sir cac phan ling xay ra hoan Taco: I -x=0,05; y = 0,15
toan. Vhin kh6ng tan Z g6m
28x + 44y = 20.2.0,2 = 8
A. Mg, Fe, Cu. B. MgO, Fe304, Cu.
C. MgO, Fe, Cu. D. Mg, A l , Fe, Cu. ay %V(CO,) = 0,15. ^ = 75%.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi At
ip an dung la C.
Kt thuatmm ^Vn: tiiiann ni noa tiyi., iiff> J. -
Thi du 9: Ddn tir tir V lit khi CO (6 dktc) di qua mot 6ng sii dung luc«ig duli^jP /-Û2: Cho cac cap chat: C + O,; C + HÔ; CaO + C; SiO, + C; HCOOH + H2SO4
hop ran g6m CuO, FeÔ, (6 nhiet d6 cao). Sau khi cac phan umg xay ra hoan âc; C + CO,; ZnO + C.
toan, thu duoc khi X. DSn toan b6 khi X a tren vao luong du dung djch S6 cap chat trong diû ki6n thich hop, tac dung true tid'p vdi nhau khong c6 kha
Ca(OH), thi tao thanh 4 gam k€l tia. Gia trj cua V la nSng tao ra khi cacbon monooxit la
A. 1,120. B. 0,896. C. 0,448. D. 0,224. ^ 1. B.2. C.3. D.4.
(Trich De thi tuyen sink Cao dang kh^)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Hu&ng ddn gidi
PTHH: C+0 2 - ^ C 0 2 6| : \l
Theo bai ra: n^^ô^ " " [ ^ " 0,04(mol) ^, ^^.^
C + H2O ( »CO + H2 (khi than udt)
CO )C02 ^'•'""'2 ) C a C 0 3 i
0,04 (mol) 0,04 (mol) ' ' CaO + 3C ^^^^ >CaC2 + CO -
=>nco ==ncaco3 =0,04(mol)
Si02 + 2C >Si + 2CO
Vco = 0,04.22,4 = 0,896(1). HCOOH " 2 ^ ^ ) CO + H2O (diû che CO trong PTN)
Dap an diing la B.
C + CO2 ——>2CO (khi than kh6)
Cau 1: Cho 8,96 lit h6n hop 2 khi va CO (dktc) di qua 6'ng siJ dimg 0,2 mol ZnO + C — ^ Z n + CO
AKO, va 0,3 mol CuO nung nong den phan ung hoan toan thu duoc chait rSn X. Chi CO 1 cap chat (C + Oj ) khdng true tiep tao ra CO.
X phan ling vira du trong 0,5 lit dung dich HNO, c6 n6ng d6 a M (san ph^m khu
la khf NO duy nha't). Gia tn ciia a la Dap an dung la A.
A. 3,67 B. 2,80 C. 4,00 D. 2,00 Cau 3: M6t loai khi than ehiia d6ng then N,, CO va H,. D6t chay 4,48 lit (dktc) h6n
Hu&ng ddn gidi hop khf nay bang luong O, vira dii roi dSn san p h ^ chay vao nuoc v6i trong
8 96 (du) tha'y tach ra 10 gam kd't tiia, dung djch X va c6 0,56 lit khf N , (dktc) thoat
* Theo bai ra: n^Q H2 ~ ~— ~ 0,4(mol) ra. Kh6'i luong dung djch X thay d6i so vdfi kh6'i lirong dung djch nu6c v6i trong
•j ' 22,4
ân dSu la
CUO + H 2 — ^ C u + H j O A. tang 6 gam B. tang 5,75 gam
C. giam 4,25 gam D. giam 8,65 gam
'• CuO + C O — 5 % C u + C02 Hu&ng ddn gidi
"co,H2 >"cuO =>CuO he't; nû =0,3 (mol) Theo bai ra:
X CO0,2 mol AI2O3 (kh6ng bj khu bcri CO, H,) = ^ = 0 . 2 (mol); n^^ = ^ - 0 , 0 2 5 (mol);ncacx)3 =0,l(mol).
0,3 mol Cu.
3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(N03 )^ + 2NO + 4H2O Goi X, y, z l^n luot la s6' mol ciia Nj, CO, H,.
Taco: x = 0,025 mol;
0,3-> 0,8 (mol) x + y + z = 0,2 => y + z = 0,175 mol (1) '
AI2O3 + 6HNO3 -)-2Al(N03)3 +3H2O PTPLT:
0,2 - ) • 1,2 (mol) CO + ^ 0 2 ^ C 0 2 H2 +^02 ->H20

2
=> nHN03 =0-8 + 1,2 = 2 (mol) => a = = 4,00M y -> y z z
0,5
Dap an dung la C.
K i thU0t mai gidi nhanh BT Hod h<pc, tap 2-Cu Thanh Toan Hu&ng ddn gidi
£)/iîdi n/uinh hai nay nen su dung phucmg phdp hdo toan nguyen td'vaphuang
C O 2 + Ca(OH)2 (du) ^ CaCOj 4 + H 2 O pfidp bdo toan electron.
y y Sa'mol khi NO: n , s j Q = 0 , 3 ( m o l ) ' '

Set d6 phan ling:
=> y = ncaC03 =0,l(mol)
T i t ( l ) =^ z = 0 , 1 7 5 - 0 , 1 =0,075 (mol) P6'i vdfi nguyen t6'cacbon: C >C0,C02 — ^ ^ ^ ^ C O ;

T a c o : r n c o 2 + r n H 2 0 +"lddCa(OH)2 " " ^ d d X ~"^ddCa(OH)2 0 + 4
=^ C - 4e ^ C .„ , ,5
=> 44. y + 18. z - 10= m^dx -"iddCa(OH)2
m/12 m/3(mol)
=>i"ddx - m d d C a ( O H ) 2 = - 4 , 2 5 ( g a m ) .
V a y dung dich X giam 4,25 gam. , D6'i vori nguyen to d6ng: CuO ^^^p"^ >Cu >Cu(N03)2
Dap an diing la C.
=> N + 3e ^ N 1::':
C a u 4: Cho h6n hop khi CO va H . di qua h6n horp b6t g6m cac oxit: AUOj, ZnO,
CuO, Fe.Oi, A g , 0 dot nong, sau m6t thcfi gian thu duoc chat rSn khan c6 khoi 0,9 <- 0,3 (mol)
luong giam 4,8 gam so vori ban ddu. Hoa tan toan b6 luong chat r l n nay bang Theo nguyen tac bao toan electron, ta c6:
dung dich H N O , loang (du) sinh ra V lit N O (san p h i m khir duy nha't, dktc).
Gia tri ciia V la I n e ( c h ) = I " e ( n h ) = > - j = 0 , 9 => m = 2 , 7 ( g a m )
A. 6,72 B.2,24 C. 4,48 D. 5,6 Dap an diing la C . •

Hu&ng ddn gidi CAu 6: Dot chay het m gam cacbon trong V lit khdng khf (chira 8 0 % N,, con lai O,)
Cac k h i CO, se chiem oxi (O") trong cac oxit. vifa du, thu duoc h6n hop khf X. Cho X di qua 6'ng dung b6t CuO du, dun nong,
-2 ket thuc phan ung thu duoc h6n hop khi Y. Dan Y I6i cham qua binh dung dung
So d6 phan ihig: CO + O -> C O 2 + 2e
djch Ba(OH), du, tha'y c6 0,4 mol ket tua xua't hien va 1,2 mol khi khdng bi ha'p
-2 thu. Gia trj ciia m va V Idn lugt la (V do a dktc, cac phan ihig xay ra hoan toan).
H2 + O -> H 2 O + 2e
A. 2,4 va 16,8 B. 2,4 v^ 33,6 C. 4,8 v^ 33,6 D. 4,8 vk 16,8
m_2 = 4,8(gam) => n_2 = 0,3(mol) => n^(^ho) = 0.3-2 = 0 , 6 ( m o l ) Hu&ng ddn gidi
o o
Theobai ra: np^ô^; =^,4 (mol); n^^ =1,2 ( m o l ) .
Theo nguy^n tac bao toan electron:
S o do phan ihig:
=>"e({;Jnhan) = 0-6 (mol) ^ :
, +."> +2 C-^22L_C0,C02 ^ ^ C 0 2 ^ ? ^ i ^ B a C 0 3 ^
• N +3e ^ N(NO) ' |i 0,4 (mol) <-0,4 mol
0,6-> 0,2(mol) |:> m = mc = 0,4.12 = 4,8 (gam)
vay V N O = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 ( l i t ) N , (80%), O, (20%) N , (Y) N,t
Dap an diing la C . 1,2 (mol) <-1,2 (mol)
C A u 5: Cho hoi nu6c (du) di qua m gam cacbon, nung 6 nhidt d6 cao thu duoc ho'' ., 1,2.100.22,4
hop khi va hoi X g6m CO, CO,, H,, H.O. Cho X tac dung vdd CuO du, nun? =^ V = V khangkhf = — = 33,6 (lit)
80
nong thu duoc h6n hgfp chat rdn Y. Hoa tan het Y trong dung dich H N O 3 tha)
thoat ra 6,72 lit N O la san ph^m k h u duy nha't ( 0 dktc). Gia six cac phan iJng
iVay m = 4,8 gam; V = 33,6 (lit)
ra hoan toan. Gia tri m la |EAUJ: Khf X kh6ng the la CO,, O, va N,. V i ne'u nhu the' thi X + CuO/t" kh6ng
A. 2,4 B. 3,6 J C. 2,7 D. 2,526 ' ''ay ra phan ung nao ca => Khf X trung v6i khi Y (v6 IQ
285
Cau 7: Trong binh kin chura 1,5 mol CO va m gam h6n hop FeÔj Fe304 (c6 ti |^ ChuJ;. A U O , + 2NaOH + SHjO-^ 2NaA] (OH)^
mol 1: 2). Dun nong binh tori khi cac phan timg xay ra hoan to^n thi khi trong
SiOj +4HF-»SiF4 +2H2O
binh CO ti khd'i so vdri khi CO luc ban dSu la 149/105. Vay m bang
A. 48,0 B.46,2 C. 62,4 D. 55,2 2: Cho cac thi nghifem sau:
Hu&ng ddn gidi (a) khi HjS trong O2 du;
V i khi sau phan umg c6 M 5^ 44 (CO,) => Khi CO dir. (b) Nhiet phan KCIO3 (xiic tac Mn02);
PTPir: 3CO + F e A ^ 2Fe + SCOz (c) 03n khi Fj vao nirdic nong;
3x <- X ^ 3x <<- P^'
(d) D6't P trong O2 dir;
' 4CO + Fe,04 3Fe + 4 C O , - Sarp
(e) Khi NH3 chay trong O 2 ;
8x <- 2x -> 8x
(g) DSn khi CO2 vao dung djch Na2Si03.
Theo bai ra, ta c6:
S6' thi nghifim tao ra cMt khi 1^ ^''
(3x+ 8x).44 + ( 1 , 5 - 3 x - 8 x ) . 2 8 _ 149.28
1,5 " 105 A. 5. B.4. C.2. D. 3. '
16.1 lx +1,5.28 149.28 _ (Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khoi B)

Hu&ng ddn gidi
^ 1,5 105
PTHH cac thi nghifim tao ra chat khi:
vay m = 0,1. 160 + 0,1. 2.232 = 62,4 (gam)
Dap an diing la C. 1) H2S + | o 2 SO2 ( k ) + H2O
C . BAI T A P TONG HOP

2) KC103->KCI + | 0 2 ( k )
C a u 1: Cho cac phan ting sau:
(a) H2S + SO2 -> (b) Na2S203 + dd H2SO4 loang 3) F2 + H 2 0 ^ 2 H F ( k ) + l 0 2 ( k )
(c) Si02 + Mg ,;,.'°„„.2 > ('^) ^ ' 2 0 3 + dung djch NaOH ->
4) 2 N H 3 + | o 2 ^ N 2 ( k ) + 3H20
(e) Ag + O3 - > (g) Si02 + dung djch HP
Co 4 thi nghidm.
S6' phan ung tao ra dom chat la an diing la B
A. 4. B. 3. C. 6. D.5.
Q&ii: PTHH: 4P + 5O2 -> 2P2O, ( r )
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khd'i A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi CO2 + H2O + Na2Si03 -> H2Si03 + Na2C03
Cac phan ihig tao ra don chat: 3: Phat hiiu nao sau day la dung:
1) 2H2S + S 0 2 - » 3 S + 2 H 2 0 * A. Photpho trang c6 ca'u tnic mang tinh thd' nguydn tijf, photpho do c6 ca'u triic
poll me
2) Na2S203 + H2SO4 -> Na2S04 + SO2 + S + H j O
B. Nitrophotka la h6n hop cua NH4H2PO4 va KNO3
3) Si02 + 2 M g — ^ S i + 2MgO C. Thuy tinh long la dung djch dam dac cua NajSiOj va K.SiOa
4) Ag + 0 3 ^ 0 2 + A g 2 0 ^- Cacbon monooxit va silic dioxit la oxit axit
I (Trich de thi du bi dqi hoc)
=> Co 4 phan umg tao ra don cha't.
% H u&ng ddn gidi
'f^t cac phuong an:
286 287
A. Photpho trang (P4) c6 ca'u triic mang tinh the' phan tu;
Photpho do (P„) C O ca'u true polime .y 5: Nhifet phan hoan toan 40 gam m6t loai quang dolomit c6 l l n tap chat tro
B. Nitrophotka la h6n hop (NH4)2 H P O 4 va K N O 3 sinh ra 8,96 lit khi CO, (or dktc). Thanh pMn phdn tram v^ kh6'i luong CaCOj.
j^gCO, trong loai quang n6u trdn la .
C. Thuy tinh long la dung djch dam dac Na2Si03 va KjSiO,
40%. B. 50%. C. 84%. D.92%.
D. Cacbon monooxit (CO) la oxit trung tinh; silic dioxit (SiOj) la oxit axit. (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B)
=> Phat biû diing la C. Hu&ng ddn gidi
8 96
Dap an dung la C. " nieobaira: ncoj = = 0'4 (mol)
Cau 4: Thuc hidn cac thi nghiem sau: ;
(a) Nung N H 4 N O 3 ran. ;;t : pTPlT: CaCOvMgCOj — ^ CaO + MgO + 2 0 0 ,
(b) Dun nong NaQ tinh the' voi dung djch H2SO4 (dac). 0,2 (mol) 0,4 (mol)
(c) Sue khi CU vao dung djch NaHCOj. nicaC03.MgC03 = 0-2. (100 + 84) = 36,8 (gam)
(d) Sue khi CO, vao dung djch Ca(0H)2 (dir). 36,8.100%
(e) Sue khi SO, vao dung djch KMn04. Vay %m = — = 92%.
40
(g) Cho dung djch K H S O 4 vao dung djch NaHCO,. Dap an diing la D.
(h) Cho PbS vao dung djch HCl (loang).
C4u 6: Tir hai mu6'i X va Y thuc hi^n eac phan ting sau: '
(i) Cho Na,SO, vao dung djch H 2 S O 4 (du), dun nong.
S6 thf nghiem sinh ra chat khi la X — ^ X, + CO, X, + H , 0 > X,
A. 5. B.4. C.2. D.6. X, + Y > X + Y, + H , 0 X, + 2Y > X + Y j + 2H2O
Hai mu6'i X, Y tuong ung la
A. BaCOj, Na,C03. B. MgCOj, NaHCOj.
Hu&ng dan gidi
C. CaCO,, NaHCOj. D. CaCOj, NaHS04.
PTHHxayra:
1) NH4NO,—!%-N20t+2H20 Hu&ng ddn gidi
XlaCaCOj, YlaNaHCOj:
2) NaCI ( r ) + H 2 S O 4 (d) — ^ HCl T +NaHS04
3) Cl2 + H20?z>HCl + HC10 CaCO, — ^ CaO + CO,
(X) (X,) .rh
HCl + NaHCO, -> NaCl + C O 2 T +H2O CaO + H2O > Ca(OH),
4) 2 K H S O 4 + 2NaHC03 K 2 S O 4 + Na2S04 + 2 C O 2 T +2H2O (X,) • (X,)
i, Ca(OH), + NaHCOj > CaCOj + NaOH + H , 0
5) Na2S03 + H 2 S O 4 — ^ N a 2 S 0 4 + SO2 t + H 2 O (X,) (Y) (X) (Y,)
Dap an diing la A.
^ Ca(OH), + 2 N a H C 0 , > CaCOj + Na,C03 + 2 H 2 O
Chii v.- (d) C O 2 + Ca(OH)2 (du) CaC03 i + H 2 O (X,)" (Y) (X) (Y,)
(e) 5SO2 + 2KMn04 + 2 H 2 O K 2 S O 4 + 2MnS04 + 2 H 2 S O 4 an diing la C.
(h) PbS + HCl -> Kh6ng xay ra. 7: Dot chay hoan toan 20,0 ml h6n hop X g6m CjHs, CH4, CO (th^ tich CO
tffp hai \An thi tich CH4), thu ducrc 24,0 ml CO, (cac the' tich khi do or cung diau
l ^ n nhiet d6 va dp sua't). Ti kh6'i ciia X so v6i khi hidro la
1^-22,2. B.25,8. C. 12,9. D. 11,1.^
288 I (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
Hadng ddn gidi 2NO2 + 2 N a O H ^ N a N 0 3 + NaN02 + H2O
Sod6 phan limg: CjH^ > SCO, O2 + K I > KhOng xay ra
CH4 > CO,
CO2 + Na [ A l (OH)^ ] ^ Al (OH)3 i +NaHC03 -
CO > CO,
p^p an diing la C. ? 1
The' tich khi CO, tang so vdi th^ tich khi X bang ga'p d6i khi CjHs-
0^: 2 K I + O3 + H j O -> I2 + 2KOH + O j
Suyra V ( Q H , ) = ^ ? i ^ = 2(ml) Qjfi 10: M6t loai hop kim c6 chita Fe va Si (cho rang phdn con lai la nhiing chflit
tro). Khi cho 2,68 gam hop kim 66 tdc dung vdi dung dich HCl du thu duoc
V(CH4 + CO) = 20 - 2 = 18 (ml)
0,448 lit H , (dktc). Cung kh6i luong hop kim do tac dung vdi dung dich KOH
Vi Vco = 2Vc„^=^ V ( „ = 1 2 m l ; VcH4 = 6 m l
du, dun ndng thu duoc 0,896 lit H2(dktc). Tdng % khefi luong Fe v^ Si trong hop
2.42 + 12.28 + 6.16 ,^ „ Ifjin do la
Suy ra: dx/H2 = = ^2,9 ;o A. 83,60 B. 94,80 C. 62,69 D. 78,66
Dap an diing la C. Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cau 8: Cho h6n hop X g6m K , 0 , NH4CI, KHCO3 va CaQ, (s6 mol m6i chat d6u
Theo bai ra: n H ^ -0,02 (mol); nH2 =0,04 (mol)
bang nhau) vao nuoc du, dun nong, thu duoc dung dich chiJa 22,4 22,4
A. KCl, K,CO„ N H 4 a B. KCl, KOH * Hop kim + dung djch HCl du:
C. K Q D KHCO3, KOH, CaCl2, NH4CI
Fe + 2HC1 ->• FeCl, +11^"^
Huong ddn gidi
0,02 <- 0,02 (mol) ' '
PTHH cac phan umg xay ra:
Phi kim Si kh6ng tac dung vdi axit HO.
K 2 O + H2O -)> 2KOH * Hop kim + dung djch KOH du.
X ^ 2x (mol) Si + 2KOH + H , 0 - > K,Si03 + 2H2t
NH4CI + KOH ^ NH3 T + K Q + H2O 0,02 <- 0,04 (mol)
X -> X Sat kh6rtg tac dung vdi dung dich KOH
KHCO3 + KOH -> K2CO3 + H2O * Vay t6ng % msi trong hop 'dm:
X -> X -> X
2,68
C a a 2 + K2CO3 - > CaC03 i + 2Ka
D^p an diing la C.
X X
11: Hidn tuong trai d^t ndng len do hieu ling nha kinh c h i y€u \k do cha't nô
=> Dung dich thu diroc chiia K Q . sau day?
Dap an dung la C. A. Khi ozon B. Khi cacbonic C. Khi sunfuro D. Khi hidrosunfua
cau 9: Trucmg hop khong xay ra phan iJng hoa hoc la: Hu&ng ddn gidi
A. Sue khi SO, vao dung djch KMn04 %uyen nhan chu yfi'u gay ra hifiu ling nha kinh m do COj (khi cacbonic)
B. Sue khi NO, vao dung dich NaOH ^ p an dung la B.
C. Sue khi O, vao dung dich K I " 12: Khi nhidt phan ho^n lO^n m gam m6i chat sau: K Q O j , NaN03, CaCOj,
D. Sue khi CO, vao dung djch Na[Al(0H)4] (hay NaA10,.2H,0).
AgN03. Chaft nao c6 kh6'i luong khi thoat ra la \6n nha't?
Hu&ng ddn gidi
A.NaN03 B.Ka03 C. AgNOj D. CaCOj
PTHH cac phan umg:
Hu&ng ddn gidi
5SO2 + 2KMn04 + 2H20->K2S04 + 2MnS04 + 2H2SO4
îrong trinh nhiet phan cac chat:
290 291
Hudmg ddn gidi
K a o j — ^ K a + i,5021
C + O2 >C02
NaNOj — ^ N a N 0 2 + 0, SOj t I mol 1 mol ,. ; n
CaCOj '° >CaO + C O 2 t 47,3 mol <- = 47,3 (mol)

22,4 ^
AgNOj — ^ Ag + NO2 t + 0,5O2 T
ph^n trSm kh6'i lirong cua C trong mSu than: = ^^'^'^^'^^^ = 94,6%
^> M c o 2 > M 0 2 ; M c o 2 » M N 0 2 ; ^ C a O < ^ K Q ' ^fiaNOj ' Âg 600
Nhiet phan CaCO, sinh ra kh6i luong khi Ion nh^t. Q^n 16: Cho h6n hop silic than c6 kh6'i luong 20,0 g tac dung vdd luong du dung
djch NaOH dac, dun nong. Phan ihig giai phong ra 13,44 1ft khf hidro (dktc).
Dap an dung la D.
Xac djnh thanh phSn ph^n tram kh6'i lugmg cua silic trong h6n hop ban dSu, bid't
Cku 13: Tfnh khtr cua cacbon th6' hitn d phan ting nao trong cac phan ling sau? ring phan ling xay ra vdi hidu sua'l 100%.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
A. 2C + Ca > CaCj B. C + 2 H 2 > CH4
13 44
C. C + C O 2 > 2CO D. 3C + 4A1 > AI4C3 Theo bai ra: n^^^ - ^ = 0,6(mol)
(Trich de tuyen sinh Dai hoc nam 2013 - Khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi PTHH: Si + 2NaOH + HjO -> NajSiOj + 2 H 2 t
0 +2 0,3 <- 0,6 mol
PTHH: C + CO2 > 2CO
=>msi =0,3.28-8,4(gam)
Tfnh khu
Thanh ph^n phSn tram kh6'i luong cua Si trong h6n hop: '
Ddp an dung la C .
8,4.100%
Cû 14: Lap phucng trinh hoa hoc cua cac phan img say day: %mci = = 42%.
^' 20
a) H 2 S O 4 (dac) + C — ^ SO2 + C O 2 + ? Cftu 17: M6t loai thuy tinh thudng chiia 13,0% natri oxit: 11,7% canxi oxit va
75,3% silic dioxit v^ kh6'i luomg.
b) H N O 3 (dac) + C — ^ NO2 + CO2 + ? Thanh phSn cua thuy tinh nay duoc bifi'u di6n duoi dang cac oxit \k
A. 2 N a , O . C a 0 . 6 S i 0 2 B. NaÔ.CaO.eSiOj
c) CaO + C ——> C a C 2 + CO
C. 2 N a . 0 . 6 C a O . S i 0 2 D. Na2O.6CaO.SiO2
d) Si02 + C ——> Si + CO Hu&ng ddn gidi
Hu&ng ddn gidi C6ng thiic hoa hoc cua thuy tinh c6 dang: xNa20.yCaO. zSiOj
Lap phirong trinh hoa hoc: Ta CO tile:
%Na20 %CaO %Si02
a) 2 H 2 S O 4 (d) + C > 2SO2 + C O 2 + 2 H 2 O x:y:z =
MNa20 ' McaO ' Msi02 '^'^
b) 4 H N O 3 (d) + C > 4NO2 + C O 2 + 2H2O
J_}^.]VL.11A=\. 1.6
c) CaO + 3C ——> CaCj + CO 62 • 56 • 60
Thanh ph^n cua thuy tinh duoc bid'u didn dudi dang cac oxit: N a 2 0 . C a 0 . 6 S i 0 2 .
d) S i 0 2 + 2C — ^ Si + 2CO
£)ap an diing la B.
Cau 15: D6't m6t miu than da (chira tap chat kh6ng chay) c6 kh6'i liromg 0,600 Iwi 18: Cac hop chaft canxi silicat la hop phdn chfnh ciia xi mang. Chung c6 thanh
trong oxi du, thu duoc 1,06 (dktc) khi cacbonic. Tfnh thanh ph^n pMn tram I phSn nhu sau: CaO - 73,7%, Si02 - 26,3% va CaO - 65,1%, SiO, - 34,9%. Hoi trong
kh6'i luong cua cacbon trong mSu than da trtn. ' 0161 hop chait canxi silicat trdn c6 bao nhifiu mol CaO ke't hop vdi 1 mol SiOj.
293
Hudng ddn gidi
K2CO3 + P b C 0 3 + 6 S i 0 2 K20.Pb0.6Si02 + 2CO2 1"
C6ng thiic cua x i mSng c6 t h ^ biû diin dirdri dang cdc oxit xCaO . ySiOj
138g 267g 0,60g 677g
* Loai x i mang c6 CaO (73,77o); SiO, (26,3%):
• , %CaO %Si02 73,7 26,3 _ , pe' san xua't diroc 6,77 ta'n thuy tinh trfin c5n (coi hifiu su^t dat 1(X)%):
Tacouie: x :y = — : = — : — = 3:1 , .^ 6,77.138
'"K2CO3 = 1,38 (ta'n)
677
C6ng thiic cua x i mang 3CaO. SiOz
Hay 3 mol CaO ke't hop vdri 1 mol SiO, .:,: • 6,77.267
m PbC03 - = 2,67 (ta'n)
* Loai x i mang c6 CaO (65,1 % ) ; SiO, (34,9%). 677
6,77.60.6
Tacotile: x : y = % ^ : ^ - 2 : l J m« = 3,6 (ta'n).
56 6U 677
=> C6ng thiic ciia x i mang 2CaO. SiOi- Cau 2 1 : d nhiet d6 cao, cacbon c6 t h ^ phan iJng vdi nhiû don cha't va hop chat.
Hay 2 mol CaO k6't hop vod 1 mol SiOj. Hay lap cac phuong trinh hoa hoc sau day va cho bid't a phan iJng nao cacbon
C a u 19: Phan utig hoa hc?c kh6ng xay ra 6 nhOng cap cha't nao sau day? th^ hifin tinh khiir. Ghi ro s6'oxi hoa cua cacbon trong tiTng phan irng .
a) C va CO b) CO, va N a O H c) K^CO, va SiO, 1. C + S 6. C + H N O „ ^ ,
d) H 2 C O 3 va Na^SiOj e) CO va CaO g) CO, va M g 2. C + A I - 7. C + H,SO^<^)
h) SiO, va H C l i) Si va N a O H 3. C + Ca - 8. C + K Q O j - >
Hu&ng ddn gidi 4. C+H,0 9. C + CO2 ^
Xet kha nang phan ung ciia cac cap chS^t: 5. C + CuO
a) C + CO: Kh6ng xay ra Hu&ng ddn gidi
0 ,0 +4
b) CO2 + N a O H > NaHCOj 1. C + 2S- ^ C S .
CO2 + 2NaOH > NajCOj + H2O 0 ,0 .
2. 3C + 4A1 -Âl4 C3
c) K2CO3 + Si02 > KzSiOj + CO2 0 -I

3. ->CaC2
(Xay ra trong qua trinh na'u thuy tinh kali) 2C + C a -
0 +2
d) H2CO3 + Na2Si03 > H2Si03 i + ^&2^0^ 4. C+H2O < > C O + H'2
e) CO + C a O : Kh6ng xay ra 5.
+4
C+2CuO ->2Cu + CO.
+4
g) CO2 + 2 M g 2MgO + C 6. C + 4HNO3 — ^ c O2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O
h) Si02 + H C l : Kh6ng xay ra +4
7. C+2H2S04 - ) . C 0 2 + 2S02+2H20
i) Si + 2 N a O H + H2O > ^&2^\0^ + 2H2 t
0 , 0 + 4
=> Khdng CO phan umg hoa hoc xay ra a cac cap cha't a, e, h. 3 C + 2 K C 1 0 , —!—>2Ka + 3COo
Cû 20: M 6 t loai thuy tinh c6 thanh phSn hoa hoc duoc bieu didn bang c6ng 0 +4 +2
K2O.PbO.6SiO,. tinh kh6'i lurnig K,C03,PbC03 va SiO,. cin dung d ^ c6 the' ^ c+co. ->2CO
xua't duoc 6,77 ta'n thuy tinh tren. Coi hieu su^t ciia qua trinh la 1(X)%. Cacbon t h ^ hidn tinh k h u a cac phan ihig: 1,4, 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 .
Hu&ng ddn gidi ^ 22: Di xac djnh ham luong phin tram cacbon trong m6t mSu gang trang.
I Ngircfi ta d6't m5u gang trong oxi du. Sau do, xac djnh luong k h i CO, tao thanh
MK20.Pb0.6Si02 = 677 (g / mol)
b^ng each d i n k h i qua nude v6i trong d u ; loc lay ke't tiia , riifa sach, sa'y kh6 r6i
So d6 chuyS'n hoa:
dem can. Vdi m6t mSu gang kh6'i lircmg 1^ 5,00 g khtfi luomg k^t tua thu duo^ 5U 24: Hoan thanh cac phiromg trinh hoa hoc sau day (ghi ro oxi h6a cua cacbon).
la 1,00 g thi ham luong (%) cacbon trong mSu gang la bao nhifiu ?
Hu&ng ddn gidi ( l ) C 0 + 0, ^? (2)CO + a , > ?
Khi d6't mSu gang trong oxi, cacbon chay tao thanh CO,. DSn CO2 qua nu6c voi (3) CO + CuO — ? (4) CO + Fe304 — ^ ?+ ?
trong du, toan b6 luong CO, chuy^n thanh ke't tua CaCOj.
(5) CO + 1,0, I2 + ? V.
C+ O2—^CO, (1)
Trong cac phan ung nay CO th^ hidn tfnh cha't gi ?
CO, + Ca(OH),-> CaCOji + H,0 (2)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
100 Cic phuong trinh hoa hoc:
Theo cac phan ting (1) (2): nc = nco2 = "caCOj ^'""'^
Kh6'i luong cacbon: mc = 0,01.12 = 0,12 (g). (1) 2 C O + O 2 — ^ 2 C 0 2 (2) C O + C I 2 >COCl2
0 12
Ham luong (%) cacbon trong mliu gang = ——.100% = 2,40% (3) CO + C u O - ^ C u + C 0 2 (4) 4 C O + F e 3 0 4 - ^ 3 F e + 4 C 0 2
•J
(5) 5 C O + l 2 0 5 - ^ l 2 + 5 C 0 2
Cau 23: D6't m6t m l u than chi chiia tap chat luu huynh trong oxi. Cho h6n hop khi
thoat ra tac dung vod luong du dung dich brom, tha'y c6 0,32g brom da phan ung, Trong cac phan ung nay CO thd' hien tfnh khijr.
Cho khi thoat ra khoi dung djch brom tac dung vdi lucmg du nude v6i trong, thu C&li 25: Hoan thanh cac phuong trinh hoa hoc sau :
' '.'V;
duoc 10,00g kfi't tua
1. Vid't phuong trinh hoa hoc cua cac phan ting xay ra. (1) CO, + Mg — ^
2. Xac dinh phSn tram khd'i lucmg ciia cacbon trong m5u than chi . (2) CO, + CaO >
Hu&ng ddn gidi
1. Cac phuong trinh hoa hoc: (3) CO, + Ba(OH), > ;
(4) CO, + H,0 ^
C + O, — ^ C O , (1)
(5) CO, + CaCOj + H , 0 >
S + O, — ^ SO, (2)
(6) CO, + H,0 Jinhsdng , Q H Q 9
Khi di vao dung djch brom chi c6 SO, phan ung
SO, + Br, + 2H,0 ^ H,S04 + 2HBr (3) Hu&ng ddn gidi
Khi CO, thoat ra khoi dung djch brom tac dung vdi nudc v6i trong: Cac phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia phan ung:
CO, + Ca(OH), ^ CaCOji + H,0 (4)
p) CO, + 2Mg — ^ 2MgO + C
2. Theo cac phan ihig (2) va (3):
% ) CO, + CaO > CaC03
n s = n s o 2 = n B ^ = - ^ = 2,00.10-^(mol).
(3) 2CO,(du) + Ba(OH), >. BaCHCOj),
Khoi luong liru huynh trong mSu than chi:
(4) C0, + H , 0 < > H,C03
ms = 2,00.10-\32,0 = 6,40.lO" (g).
(5) CO, + CaCOj + H , 0 ^ CaCHCO,),
Theo cac phan ung (1) va (4):
(6) 6CO, + 6 H : 0 " " f > Q H „ 0 , + 60, ' -
"c = nco2 =ncaC03 ^""^'^
26: Hoan thanh cac phuomg trinh hoa hoc sau (ghi ro d'liu ki&n phan ung, nd'u
Kh6'i lucmg cacbon trong mSu than chi: m,= 0,10.12,0 = 1,20 (g).
J-Si + X, -> 3. Si + Mg ^
%C = 100% = 94,9%
1,20+6,40.10"^ ^2 la F,, CI2, Br,. 4. Si + KOH + ? K.SiO, + ? '' ^
296
2. Si + O, ^ 5. SiO, + NaOH -> ' " KbSi luong Si trong X la: m^ = 0,025.28 = 0,70 (gam)
Trong cac phan ling nay s6 oxi hoa ciia silic thay ddi nhir the' nao ? a = m A , + msi = 0,54 + 0,70 = 1,24 (gam)
Hu&ng ddn gidi Q^jl 28: Cacbon phan ihig vori tat ca cac chSft trong day nao sau day ?
Cac phuomg trinh hoa hoc: A. NaÔ, NaOH, HCl B. A l , HNO, dac , K Q O j
0 44 C. Ba(OH)2, NajCOj, CaCOj D. NH4CI, KOH, AgNOj
1. Si+2F2 >SiF4 Hu&ng ddn gidi
0 0 +4
Cacbon phan ihig vofi t& ca cac chat trong day A l , HNO3 dac , K Q O j
Si+2Cl2—^—>SiCl4
3 C + 4AI — ^ AI4C3
Si+2Br,—!—^SiBn
C + 4HNO„^ > CO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O ., ,,^5,
0 0+4 *
3C + 2 K a 0 3 '° >2KC1 + 3C02
2. Si+Oj—^—•SiOj Dap an: B.
cau 29: Silic phan ling vdi tat ca cac chat trong day nao sau day ?
3. Si+2Mg—•Mg2Si
A. CUSO4, SiOj, H2SO4 loang B. F,, Mg, NaOH
4. Si+2KOH + H 2 0 ^ K 2 S i 0 3 + 2 H 2 1 C. HCl, Fe(N03)3, CH3COOH D. NajSiOj, Na3P04, NaQ
5. Si02 + 2 N a O H — ^ N a 2 S o 3 + H20 Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cau 27: Cho a gam h6n hop X g6m Si va Al tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH du, thu Si + 2F2 > SiF4
duoc 1,792 lit hidro. Mat khac, cung luong h6n hop X nhu trtn khi tac dung vai
dung dich H Q dir, thu duoc 0,672 lit hidro. Si + Mg — ^ MgjSi
Tinh a, bid't ring cac the tich khi dû duoc do d dktc va A l tac dung v6i dung \i + 2NaOH + H2O > Na^SiOj + H , t
djch NaOH theo phan umg : • Dap an: B.
2A1 + 2NaOH + 2H2O ->• 2NaA103 + SH, t Cû 30: Viet cac phuong trinh hoa hoc thuc hidn day chuyin hoa sau:
A Hu&ng ddn gidi
Si02 — ^ S i—^NajSiO, <=±H2Si03 — ^ S i 0 2 —^CaSiOj
H6n hop X phan ting vdi NaOH: (4)
Si + 2NaOH + H , 0 > Na^SiOj + 2H21 (1) Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cac phan utig hoa hoc
2A1 + 2NaOH + 2H2O • 2NaA102 + SH, t (2)
H6n hop X tac dung voi HCl, chi c6 A l phan ling: (1) SiO, + 2Mg — ^ Si + 2MgO
2A1 + 6 H a > 2AICI3 + 3H2T (3) (2) Si + 2NaOH + H2O -+ NajSiOj + 2H2T
(3) NajSiOj + CO2 + H2O ^Na2C03 + H2Si03i
Theo (3): n , , = ^ . H H ^ = ^ . ^ = 0,02 (mol) (4) H2Si03 + 2NaOH ^ NajSiOj + 2H2O
3-^3 22,4
m;„= 0,02.27 = 0,54 (g) (5) H2Si03 — ^ SiO, + H2O
Theo(2) nH2 = | - " A I = | O , 0 2 = 0 , 0 3 (mol) (6) SiOj + CaO — ^ C a S i 0 3
1 792
^ S6 mol H , tao ra 6 (1) Ik - 0,03 = 0,05 (mol)
• • 22,4
Theo (I) ns, = - . n H ^ =-.0,05 = 0,025 (mol)
2 M2 2
CHUYlN o f 5: KTTHUAT GIAI N H A N H CAC DANG Tinh khirciia cac k i m loai k i ^ m th6 tSng din tii Be de'n Ba.
Tac dung vdi nirdc c6 sir khac nhau:
BAI TAP V I K I M LOAI K'gM, K I I M TH6, NH6M + Ca, Sr, Ba tac dung a nhiet d6 thudng: ' ' ' '
M (Ca, Sr, Ba) + ZHÔ > M(OH), + H , ! ,

A. L I T H U Y E T + M g tac dung cham vdi H2O d diû kien thuomg:
I. K I M L O A I K I ^ M V A K I M L O A I K I £ M T H 6
M g + 2H30 )> M g ( O H ) 2 i + H . t ' '
1. K i m loai kiem ' Tac dung nhanh vdi hoi HjO d nhiet dd cao: '/
a. Ti'nh chat vat If
- Tat ca cac k i m loai k i ^ m diu c6 mang tinh th^ lap pliiromg tarn khdi. Mg(w.) + > M g O + H3
- K i m loai kifim c6: + Be khong tac dung vdi H j O du d nhiet d6 cao.
+ Kh6'i luong rifing nho. Chu v: Cac k i m loai k i ^ m th6 chay duoc trong khi CO,; SO,;...:
+ Nhiet do nong chay (< 200°C), nhiet d6 s6i tha'p.
CO, + 2Mg — ^ 2MgO + C
+ D6 cdng tha'p.
Do do khong diroc dung CO, de' dap tat dam chay k i m loai manh.
b. Tinh chat hoa hoc
II. NUt»C C l i N G
- Cac k i m loai k i ^ m c6 tinh khijt manh, tinh khix tang din tir L i de'n Cs.
1. K h a i niem
- Cac k i m loai k i ^ m chay cho ngon liia c6 mau dSc trimg:
+ L i t i cho ngon lira do son. Nude cumg la nude chiia nhiû cation Ca-^ M g - ^ Nude chiia it hoSc khdng chiia
cac ion tren duoc goi la nude m ^ m .
+ Natri cho ngon lira mau vang.
2. Phan loai
+ K a l i cho ngon lira mau tim nliat.
- Nude cumg CO tfnh cumg tarn thdi: Chiia CaCHCOj), va MgCHCOj)^.
- Phan umg vdi nu6c: cac k i m loai k i ^ m tac dung manh vdi nu6c or nhiet d6 thu6ng:
- Nude cumg ed tfnh eiimg vTnh ciJru: chiJa cac mud'i clorua va sunfat ciia canxi va
+ L i phan ung dm dju nha't vdri nir6c, kh6ng chay, n6.
magie: C a Q , , M g Q , , CaS04, MgS04.
+ Na bi nong chay thanh hat tron n6i va chay tren mat nir6c, hat Idm g&y chay
- Nude Cling ed tfnh cumg loan ph^n: ed ca tfnh eiimg tarn thdi va tfnh cirng vTnh
n6 manh.
cihi.
+ K gay chay ngay.
3. Tac hai cua nurdc cumg ^,
+ Con Rb va Cs gay phan ling n6 r^t manh.
- Tac dung vdi axit: cac k i m loai phan ung manh liet vdi axit: • Xa phong khong giat giQ duoc trong nude cumg.
+ Chi nen lam thi nghiem vdi axit H C l dac (C% > 20%), ne'u axit c6 n6ng do Diing nude cumg de na'u thiic an, se lam cho thirc p h ^ lau ehfn va giam mui v j .
nho hem, phan umg qua manh liet, gay n6 rat nguy hie'm. - Tao ra can trong ndi hoi, gay lang phf nhien lieu khdng an toan.
+ Khong nen lam thi nghiem cho k i m loai k i ^ m tac dung vdi H N O 3 hay H.SO. Gay ra hien tuong lam tac dng dSn nude nong trong san xua't v^ trong ddi sd'ng.
V I rat nguy h i ^ m . Lam hong nhiû dung dieh c^n pha ehe'.
2. K i m loai kiem thd **• Cach lam mem nude cumg
a. Tfnh chat vat If t^guyen tac: La giam ndng dd eae cation Ca-\ trong nude cdmg.
- Kha'i lircmg ridng tuong d6'i nho, nhe hem nh6m (trir Ba). Thuc hien:
- Nhiet do nong chay, nhiet d6 tuong d6'i tha'p (nhimg vSn cao hom k i m loai kiem) Chuyen nhCrng cation nay thanh hop chat khdng tan (phuong phap ke't tiia).
- D6 cumg tuy cao hem k i m loai kiem, nhimg vSn tuomg d6'i tha'p (trir Be). Thay the nhOmg cation nay bang nhOng cation khac (phuong phap trao ddi ion).
- Cac k i m loai kiem th6 c6 kieu mang tinh t h ^ khac nhau nen cac dai lugmg vat
^NHOM
bien doi khong deu dan (theo m6t quy luat) nhu cac loai k i m loai k\6m.
^'^Tinh chat vat li
b. Tfnh chaft hoa hoc
- Cac k i m loai k i ^ m th6 dû c6 tfnh khir manh, nhimg ye'u hom so vdi cdc k i m lo;" Nhdm la k i m loai mû trang bac, nhe (d = 2,7g/em'). Nhdm dSn dien td't, m^m
kiem. deo (de keo sgi va dat mong).
2. T i n h chat hoa hoc ac dung vdi oxit k i m loai (phan ung nhidt nhdm)
- Nh6m la k i m loai c6 tinh khijf manh (tuy nhidn tinh khi^ ciia A l yfi'u hcfn cAc kim 2A1 + FeÔj '° ) 2Fe + A l j O ,
loai ki^m va kifim th6).
- Cac d6 vat bang nh6m b^n a 6'\iu kifin thuomg v i nh6m c6 Idp mang oxit rfe't 2A1 + 0-203 — ^ 2Cr + AI2O3 ' " • '
mong, b^n bao v6 (khi nh6m tao h6n hS'ng vdi thiiy ngan, tinh lifin tuc cua l6p
pTTQ: 2yAl,„ + 3 M , 0 , „ , >^ 3xM(,, + y A ^ O , , , ,
oxit bj pha v6, nh6m tac dung manh vdi oxi).
a. Tac dung vdi phi k i m t Trong phan litig nhidt nhdm, cac chSt tnrdc va sau phan ling dû la cac ch^t ran
(cac k i m loai va oxit k i m loai). Do dd: m^^,^^^^ = m^^^^„.
2A1 +301, > 2AICI3 3 San xuat nhom
4Al(b^,) + 3O2 > 2AI2O3 Quang boxit sach -sOz-FezOg ^ (nguyfin chat)
2A1 + 3S — ^ A1,S3 2AI2O3 '»P"c.960«c ^ 4 A U 3 o ^ t

b. Tac dung vdri axit cnolit
* Dung djch axit H C l , H2SO4 loang: Khi O2 sinh ra ddt chay cue duong (lam bang than chi):
C + O2 > CO2
2A1 + 6H* > + 3H2T * Vai trd ciia criolit (Na3AlF5): ,
* Dung dich H2SO4 dac, nong: * + Tia't kiem nang luong (lam giam nhifet dd ndng chay ciia nhdm oxit tic
2050''C xudng khoang 960°C).
2A1 + H2SC4 — ^ A1:(S04)3 + SOjT + 6H2O
+ Tao ra chat long cd tinh dSn didn tot hon AI2O3 nguydn chat ndng chay.
Chu y; N h 6 m bj thu d6ng hoa trong H2SO4 dac, ngu6i.
+ Tao ra chat long nhe hon nhdm long, n6i I6n tr6n va ngan can A l ndng chay
* Dung djch HNO3: khdng bj oxi hoa trong khdng k h i .
Al + HN03„„a„gho^d,c.„6„g) > A1(N03)3 + N , 0 , + H2O Chu v: Sir khir A P * trong A U O , rat khd khan, khdng the khiJf dupe b^ng cac
A l + HNO3 (1) > A K N O j ) , + NH4NO3 + H2O chat khu thdng thudng nhu C, CO, H2,...
San phdm tao thanh c6 th^ c6 m6t h6n hop san ph^m khiif, k h i do ling vdi m6i 4. Mot so hop chat quan trong cua nhom
a. Nhdm oxit, AI2O3
san p h i m khix, ta vifi't mdt phuong trinh hoa hoc.
• Rft b^n n h i a va khd bj khir thanh k i m loai A l . ,
Thi' du, nhdm tac dung vdi axit nitric thu diroc hdn hop san phim khix chda NÔ
- C6 tinh chat ludng tfnh:
va N O , thi ta vie't thanh hai P T H H nhu sau:
8A1 + 3OHNO3
A l + 4HNO3
> 8AI(N03)3 + 3N20t + ISHÔ
> A1(N03)3 + N O t + 2H2O

# Al203 + 6Ua
AI2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O

> 2AICI3 + 3H2O.
> 2Na[Al(OH)4]
Chu y; K i m loai A l khong tan trong HNO3 dac, ngu6i (do hifin tuong thu ddng •^
' Nhdm hidroxit, Al(OH)3
hoa). K^mben vdi nhiat:
c. Tac dung vdi HiO 2Al(OH)3 — ^ AI2O3 + 3H3O

2AI + 6H2O >. 2 A I ( O H ) 3 i +3H2 Co tfnh chat ludng tfnh:
Phan ling nay chi xay ra d b^ mat ciia kim loai nhdm do A1(0H)3 ^ ^ barn chic, bao Al(OH)3+3HCl )-AlCl3 + 3H20
\t kim loai nhdm ban trong. Thuc td'coi nhdm khdng tac dung vdi HjO!
Al(OH)3 + NaOH > Na[Al(OH)4] ='
d. Tac dung vdi dung djch ki6m
natri aluminat
2A1 + 2NaOH + 6H2O > 2 N a [ A l ( O H ) 4 ] + 3H2t
' Nhdmsunfat ' •
2A1 + Ca(OH)2 + 6H2O > Ca[Al(OH)4]2 + SH, ^ e n chua: K2SO4. Al2(S04)3. 24H2O.
302
Chu v: A l khdng tan trong dung djch NH4OH (dung djch NH3, k i ^ m ydu).
f n nhdm: M2SO4. Al2(S04)3. 24H2O ( M la Na*, L i * , N H 4 ) .
303
Viet cac qua trinh oxi hod, qua trinh khiJr (khdng cin vie't phuong trinh phan
C/lM v.- oxi hoa - khu).
+ Cach nhan biet ion A l ' * trong dung dich: Cho tir tir dung dich NaOH dd'n du + Dat in, dua vao djnh luat bao toan electron lap duoc phuong trinh dai s6.
vao dung dich thi nghiem, n6'u tha'y c6 kd't tiia keo xua't hidn r6i tan trong NaOj^ + Giai he phuong trinh, xac djnh duoc nguyen t u khd'i M => K i m loai c5n t i m .
du dung djch c6 ion A l ' * : phuofng phap bao toan khoi luong: Trong m6t phan ling hoa hoc, t6ng khd'i luong
A l ' * + 30H- > Al(OH)3 i (keo, trang) cua cac chSit san p h ^ bang t6ng kh6'i luong ctia cac chait tham gia phan ling.
yVp dung: Trong m6t phan limg, c6 n chat (ke' ca chalt phan ling va san p h ^ ) , neii
Al(OH)3 + NaOH,<i„) > Na[Al(OH)4] (tan)
biet kh6i luong cua (n - 1) chat thi tinh ducjc kh6'i luong cua chat con lai.
+ Cho N a j C O j , NajS, ... vao dung djch mu6'i nh6ni c6 k^t tiia va c6 k h i bay le^:
Phiromg phap hoa trj trung binh: Trong nhOng tru6ng hop h6n hop c6 hai gia
2A1'* + SNa^COj + S H P > 2 A l ( O H ) 3 i + SCO^T + 6Na* trj hoa trj (hoac trang thai s6' oxi hoa) trd Idn ta c6 the' sir dung phuong phdp hod
2A1'* + 3Na,S + 6H3O > 2Al(OH)3 i + 3^81 + 6Na* trj trung binh d^ giai quye't cac yeu c5u ciia bai toan.
+ Cho dung dich N H , tac dung vdi dung dich mu6'i nh6m A l ' * , chi thu duoc ket Thi du: K h i h6n hap M g , A l tac dung vdfi axit H Q thi ta cQng c6 2 < hoa trj trung
t i a Al(OH)3 (ket tiia khong bj tan trong N H 3 du): binh < 3.
3NH3 + 3 H P + Al'* > Al(OH)3 i + 3 N H ; 2. Cac thi du minh hoa:
Thidu 1: Hoa tan hoan toan 1,805 gam h6n hop gdm Fe va k i m loai X bang
B. C A C D A N G B A I T A P T R O N G THI T U Y ^ N SINK DH-CD dung djch H C l , thu duoc 1,064 1ft khi H^. Mat khac, hoa tan hoan to^n 1,805
gam h6n hop tren bang dung djch HNO3 loang (du), thu duoc 0,896 lit khi
Dang 1: Bdi tap xdc dinh kim loai (lA, IIA, Al) N O (san ph^m khiJr duy nha't). Biet cac the' tich khi dû do d diiu kien tieu
chu^n. K i m loai X la
1. L i thuyet van dung va phuong phap giai:
A.Zn B.Cr C. A l D . Mg
* Di giai cac bai tap dang nay c6 th^ sir dung cac phuong phap giai nhanh:
(Trich dethi tuyen sink Dai hoc nam 2013 - Khd'i A)
- Phuong phap xac dinh chat dua vao cong thurc tinh phan tu khoi: Gia sir c6
Hu&ng ddn giai
chat cho electron la A . Ta c6:
A > A"* + ke S6 mol cac k h i : n H 2 = 0,0475 (mol); = 0,04 (mol)
•"A 1 »* rn^k Ap dung c6ng thiic tinh nguyen tir kh6'i ta c6:
Vay:
MA ^ ' ^c(cho)
_ m^ J, _ 1.805-(0,04.3-0,0475.2).56 ^
"e(cho) 0-04-3 - (0,04.3 - 0,0475.2).3 "
+ Dua vao cac dO ki^n bai ra cho, xac djnh duoc cac dai luong m^, k, n^^M•
+ Ti'nh gia trj nguydn tir khd'i M A . N 1 2 3
+ Tir nguydn tir kh6'i xac djnh duoc k i m loai cSn t i m . M 9 18 27
Phuong phap trung binh: C6ng thuc tinh nguySn t u kh6'i trung binh cua hai Ket luan Loai Loai Al
— mhh Cap nghiem hop l i 1^ k = 3, M M = 27 ( A l )
k i m loai li6n tid'p trong ciing m6t nhom A : M =
"hh p ^ p an diing la C.
+ T i n h cac luong chat da cho trong bai ra. % du 2: Hoa tan hoan toan 24 gam h6n hop X gdm M O , M(OH)2 va M C O 3 ( M
+ Viet phuong trinh hoa hoc (so 66 hoa hoc) sir dung k i hidu trung binh. f 14 k i m loai c6 hoa trj kh6ng d6i) trong 100 gam dung djch H2SO4 39,2%, thu
+ Tinh nguyen tir khoi trung binh, suy ra hai k i m loai cin t i m . duoc 1,12 lit khi (dktc) va dung djch Y chi chira m6t cha't tan duy nha't c6
Phuong phap bao toan electron: Trong phan ihig oxi hoa khu, t6ng s6'm"^' n6ng d6 39,41 %. K i m loai M la
electron do chat khif cho phai dung bang t6ng s6' mol electron do chat oxi hf-' A.Zn B. Ca C. M g D. Cu
nhan: I e (cho) = E e (nhan) => n,h„. Necho = n„h>n- ^|^__ (Trich de thi tuyen sink Dai hoc nam 2013 - Khdi B)
305
Hu&ngddngidi Hu&ng ddn gidi
100 39 2 Xac djnh khi N , 0 , : dNÔy/H2 =
S6 mol axit sunfuric: nH2S04 = j ^ q ^ g = 0.4(niol) I (j.M • Ot/
. ^ =22 MN.Oy =44(N30)

Khi sinh ra Ih. CO^: n r o , = = 0.05 (mol)
^"2 22,4
VaykhiN,OylakhiN,0.
V i dung djch Y chi chira m6t chat tan => H2SO4 phan ling viira du, ch& tan
940 8
MSO4. ^ StfmolNÔ: n^ô^ = ^ = 0,042 (mol)
So d6 phan ung: X + H2SO4 (dung dich) Y (dung dich) + COzt
Theo dinh luat bao toan khd'i luong ta c6 (tinh khd'i luong dung dich sau phat, Taco: 2N^' + 2.4e 2N*'
iing(m<H„„)): 0,336 <- 0,042. 2 (mol)
mx + i " d d axil = m dd Mu + ^co2 =>Ine,„hi„, =0,336 (mol) = T,n^^^^^^
mdd„„ = 24 + 100 - 0,05 . 44 = 121,8 (gam) Ap dung c6ng thiJc tinh nguyfin tiJr kh6'i ta c6:
V i bao toan s6' mol ion 804" ntn: nj^^^ = 0^2804 = 0,4(mol) M , = ^ . k = ^ . k = 9 k
"e(cho) 0,336
0,4(M + 96).100
Theo bai ra: — ^ ^ = 39,41 => M = 24 ( M la kim loai Mg) Do do, gia trj thoa man la k = 3 => M = 27 (Al)
121,8 Dap an dung la B.
Dap an dung la C.
Thi du 3: Cho 1,67 gam h6n hop hai kim loai 6 hai chu ki lifin tifi'p thu6c nhom Thi du 5: Hoa tan hoan toan 2,9 gam h6n hop kim loai M va oxit cua no \ho
IIA (phan nhom chinh nhom II) tac dung hd't vdi dung djch H Q (du), thoat ra nude, thu duoc 500 ml dung dich chiJa m6t chat tan c6 ndng d6 0,04M va
0,224 lit khf H , ( 0 dktc). Kim loai M la
0,672 lit khi H , (6 dktc). Hai kim loai do la
A. MgvaCa. B. Cava Sr. C. B e v a M g . D. SrvaBa. A.Ba. B. K. CCa. D. Na.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B) (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B)
0,672 Theo bai ra: n„ = = 0,01 (mol); n,^^ = 0,5. 0,04 = 0.02(mol).
S6 mol khi H,: = = 0,03(mol) 22,4
22,4
Tru&ng hap 1: Kim loai M la kim loai k i l m => oxit li MjO. "
Dat c6ng thiic chung ciia hai kim loai lien tid'p nhom IIA la M .
FIPU: M + 2HC1 > MClj + H^t M + H,0 -» M O H + ^ H ^ t
0,03 (mol) 0,03 (mol) X 0,5 x (mol)
w 1:67
Suyra: M j ^= ^ = 55,67 M , 0 + H3O —>2MOH
0,03
y 2y (mol)
Suy ra, hai kim loai ki^m th6 do la Ca (40 < 55,67) va Sr (88 > 55,67).
0,5.x =0,01
Dap an diing la B. .
Thi du 4: Cho 3,024 gam m6t kim loai M tan he't trong dung dich HNO3 loang Theo bai ra ta c6: x + 2y = 0,02
thu duoc 940,8 ml khf N,Oy (san p h i n khir duy nha't, 0 dktc) c6 ti kh6'i doi M.x + (2M + 16).y = 2,9
vdi H , bang 22. Khi N,Oy va kim loai M la
Giai ra ta duoc: x = 0,02; y = 0 => loai.
A.NOvaMg. B.NÔvaAl. C. NjOvaFe. D. N O . v a A l .
Tru&ng hap 2: M la kim loai ki^m th6 => oxit la MO.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoiAl
307
M + IH.O M(OH)2 + H , t
X
X X vay M x = 23 (natri); My = 24 ( magie).
M(OH), £)ap an dung la A .
M O + HjO
y y Jhi du 8: Hok tan hoan toan 2,45 gam h6n hop g6m hai k i m loai ki^m thd vao
x=0,01 x=0,01 200 m l dung djch H C l 1,25M, thu duoc dung dich Y chiia cac chat tan c6
n6ng d6 mol bang nhau. Hai k i m loai trong X la
Theo bai ra ta c6: - x + y = 0,02 y-0,01
A. M g va Ca B. Be va Ca C. Be va M g D . M g va Sr.
M x + ( M + 16).y = 2,9 M = 137 (Ba)
(Trich dethi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B)
Vay k i m loai M la Ba. Hu&ng ddn gidi
Ddp an dung la A . Cin chu y voi bai nay cac chat tan trong dung djch Y, ngoai mu6'i clorua ciia hai
Thi du 6: X la k i m loai thuoc phan nhom chfnh nhom I I (hay nhom I I A ) . Cho kim loai kiem tho con c6 axit HCl con du.
1,7 gam h6n hcfp g6m k i m loai X va Zn tac dung vdi luong d u dung dich HCl, TCr cac dO kien bai ra ta xac djnh duoc t6ng nguydn tir khd'i ciia hai k i m loai
sinh ra 0,672 lit khi H . ( d dktc). Mat khac, khi cho 1,9 gam X tac dung vai 2 45
luong du dung djch H2SO4 loang, thi th^ ti'ch khi hidro sinh ra chua de'n 1,12 kiem th6: M ^ L K T 1 + MKLK-P. = 25 Q 2 ) / 5 '^^
lit (a dktc). K i m loai X la vay hai k i m loai kiem tho la Be ( M = 9) va Ca ( M = 40). ulf.
A. M g . B. Sr. C.Ba. D . Ca. Dap an diing la B .
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi Aj
3, Cac bai tap tir luyen: ,
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cau I : Nhiing mot thanh k i m loai M (hoa trj I I ) c6 kh6'i luong 9,6g vao dung djch
Sir dung phuong phap khoang gia tri de' giai bai tap nay. Theo cac dff kifen bai
chu-a 0,24 mol Fe(N03)3. Sau m6t thoi gian, dung djch thu duoc c6 kh6'i luong
ta xac dinh duoc: 38 < Mx < 56,7. Trong cac k i m loai hoa trj I I , chi c6 k i m loai
bang khoi luong dung djch ban dSu. Dong thcfi thanh k i m loai duoc la'y ra dem
Ca (M = 40) thoa man.
hoa tan hoan toan bang dung dich HCl du thi thu duoc 6,272 lit H , (dktc) K i m
Dap an diing la D . loai M la • •
Thidu 7: Cho 7,1 gam h6n hop gom m6t k i m loai kidm X va m6t k i m loai ki^m ANi B.Cd C.Mg D.Zn
th6 Y tac dung he't vdri luong du dung dich HCl loang, thu duoc 5,6 lit khi
(Trich de thi thu Dai hoc khoi A, B nam 2013)
(dktc). K i m loai X, Y la Hu&ng ddn gidi
A. natri va magie B. kali va canxi C. liti va beri D . kali v^ bari S6 mol electron k i m loai M cho:
(Trich dethi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
2
ne(cho)= "p^3+-l + nH2-2 = 0 , 2 4 . 1 + 6 , 2 7 2 . = 0,8 (mol)
Hu&ng ddn gidi 22,4
Co nhieu each de gidi hdi nay, sau day ta si'rdung cdng thi'tc tinh nguyen tu^khd
Ap dung c6ng thiJc xac djnh chat dua vao cong thiic tinh nguyen tiJr kh6'i ta c6:
de gidi.
Theo bai ra: nH2 = 0 , 2 5 ( m o l ) => n,„ho) = 0,25.2 = 0,5 (mol) M , . ^ . k = M 2 = 2 4 ( M g )
"e(cho) "'^^
m M -.k E>ap an dung la C.

C6ng thiJc tinh nguydn tir kh6'i: M^^ =
e(cho) 2: Cho h6n hop Y gom Fe va k i m loai M c6 hoa trj k duy nha't. Hoa tan hoan
toan 3,61 gam h6n hop Y bang dung djch H Q thu duoc 2,128 lit H . , con khi hoa
+ N e ' u k = 1: M M = — . 1 = 14,2 tan 3,61 gam h6n hop Y bang dung djch HNO3 loang, d u thi thu duoc 1,792 lit
0,5 khi N O duy nha't. Biet cac the ti'ch khi do 6 dktc va hidu sua't cac phan ihig la
+ Ne'uk = 2: M M = 14,2 . 2 = 28,4 100%. K i m loai M la
A-Mg. B. Ca. C. A l . D.Zn.
1 4 , 2 < M x , Y < 28,4
(Trich dethi thUDai hoc khoi A)
308
Hudng ddn gidi rx + y = 0,4 x=0,2
S6mo\c chart: =0,095(mol); 11^,0 =0,08(mol) ^ 117x + 2y = 0,4.2,4,75 y = 0,2 =•
S6 mol sit CO trong 3,61 gam h6n hop Y: Sis dung c6ng thirc ti'nh nguyfin tix kh6'i ta c6:
"Fe2+ " "NO-3 - -2 = 0,05 (mol) = n,^ mp . 20 k =2
MP = -.k = -.k = 20k
Khdi lupng kim loai M c6 trong 3,61 gam h6n hop: ^ , "e(cho) "NH3-3 + nH2-2 M R =40:Ca
mM = my - mp,= 3,61- 0,05. 56 = 0,81(gam) pap an diing la B.
I m
A p dung c6ng thiic tmh nguyfin tijf kh6i ta c6: C&a 5' Hoa tan 1,44 gam m6t kim loai hoa tri I I trong 150 ml dung dich H2SO4
0,81 0,5M. De' trung hoa axit du trong dung dich thu duoc, phai diing he't 30 ml dung
m M .k = mM -.k = = 9k: djch NaOH IM. Kim loai do la
"e(cho)
nH2-2-nFe-2 0,095.2 - 0,05.2
A.Ba B.Ca C. Mg D. Be
C&u 3: Co 2 binh A, B dung tich nhir nhau diu d 0°C. Binh A chiJa 1 mol O.,
M + H2SO4 ).MS04+H2t (1) ^;
binh B chiia 1 mol Qj, trong m6i binh diu cMa 10,8 gam kim loai M hoa tri k
duy nh&. H2S04 + 2NaOH >Na2S04 + 2H2O . (2)
Nung nong cac bmh cho tdi phan ung hoan toan, sau do lam lanh binh tdi 0°C.
HNaOH =0,03.1=0,03(mol); nH2S04 =0,15.0,5 = 0,075(mol)
Ngircri ta nhan thaiy ti 16 ap suit trong hai binh bay gi5 la 7/4. Th^ tich cac chat
ran khOng dang k^.
Kim loai M la nH2SO4(0=0'075-^^0,06(mol)
A.Zn. B.Mg. C.A1. D.Cu
Theo (1) CO n^ =nH2S04 =0,06(mol)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Xac djnh sd' mol m6i khi phan thig vdi kim loai M: 1,44
- = 24 • Mg
1-x 7 0,06
Goi no2,p„, = x = > nc,2(p«) = 2x=> Y - ^ = - = > x = 0,3
Dap an diing la C.
Xac dinh nguydn tijf khSi cua kim loai M: Cftu 6: Hoa tan hoan toan 0,5 gam h6n hop g6m Fe va m6t kim loai hoa tri I I trong
dung dich HCl thu duoc 1,121ft H, a dktc. Kim loai hoa tri n do la
MM-
"e(cho)
0,3.4 1 M = 27:A1 A.Mg B.Ca C.Zn D. Be.
Hudng ddn gidi
Dap an diing la C.
Vi cac kim loai d6u hod tri I I n6n dat c6ng thiJc chung ciia Fe va kim loai cin
Cû 4: Cho 20 gam kim loai R (cr nhom A) tac dung vdi N, dun nong thu duoc chfl'
tim la M.
ran X. Cho X vao nurdc du thu duoc 8,96 lit (dktc) h6n hop khi kh6 c6 ti khd'i so
v6i vdi Hj bang 4,75. Kim loai R la PTHH: M
M + 2HC1-
2HC1 >MCl2 + t
A.Na B.Ca C. Ba D. K 1,12
Hudng ddn gidi 0,05 mol = 0,05(mol) ".1
22,4
Theo bai ra, chat ran X tac dung vdi nirdc sinh ra h6n hop khi => trong X co
con du kim loai R va R tac dung dugc vdi nude sinh ra H,. NguySn tijr khd'i trung binh ciia hai kim loai: M = = 10
So 66 cac phan ihig xay ra: 0(05
Vi Mp, = 56 > 10 => Kim loai con lai c6 NTK < 10 kim loai hod tri I I la Be
R ( O H ) , (M = 9 < 10)
I R •
Dap an diing la D. <
H2 (ymol)
C a.u„ 7:
. . Cho 16,2 gam . M c6 hoa tri n tac dung vdri 0,15 mol O2. Ch^t ra^
„ - kim loai ^jich 2: Dira vao cac dap an da cho thi cac k i m loai dû c6 hoa trj I I
thu duac sau phan umg dem hoa tan \ko dung dich H Q dir tMy thoat ra 13,44 1(( M + 2HC1 > MCI2 + H2 • ' ''
6 H 2 cJ dktc. K i m loai M la
B. A l C. Ca D. M g HM = " H 2 = ^ ^ = 0,24(mol)
A . Fe
Hu&ng ddn gidi
C a c h 1: Sir dung c6ng thiic tinh nguyfen tif kh6'i de' xac djnh k i m loai V a y M M = - = - ^ = 40 ^MlaCa
n 0,24
16,2 .n=9n
Dap an dung la B.
C&o 9: Dien phan nong chay mu6'i clorua ciia k i m loai M . d catot thu duoc 6 gam
cap nghiem thoa man la n = 3, M M = 27 ( M la k i m loai A l ) . kim loai va a anot c6 3,36 lit khi (dktc) thoat ra. Mu6'i clorua do la
Dap an dung la B. A.NaCl B. K C l C. BaCl, D . CaCl2
C a c h 2: Phuofng phap th6ng thudng Hu&ng ddn gidi
" 4M + n02 2MC1„ > 2 M + n C '2

l. (I)
0,3
— 4 - 0 , 1 5 (mol) -0,15 (mol)
n
M j O n +2nHCl 2MC1„ + n H j O
n c . 2 = | ^ = 0,15(mol) =^ n ^ = ^ = ^(mol) B.'
^•^y'* n n
M + nHCl • M C L + - H , t
" 2
Taco: ^^^=.6 =>M-20n
13,44 n
-(mol) = 0,6(mol)
22,4 Cap gia t r i thoa man la n = 2 M = 40 (Ca)
n
0,6^1,2 1,8, ,x Vay mu6'i clorua do la CaCl. ' '
— + — = —\mo\) Dap an diing la D .
n n n
Cau 10: Dien phan mu6'i clorua ciia m6t k i m loai ki^m nong chay, thu diroc 0,896
16,2
S u y r a M , = ^ = 9„ lit khi (dktc) a anot va 3,12 gam k i m loai 0 catot. Hay xac dinh c6ng thiic phan
tir ciia mu6'i k i m loai kiem do.
+ n= 1 M = 9 (loai v i khfing c6 k i m loai nao)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
+ n= 2 ^ M = 18(loai)
2MC1 ^P2L-> 2M + CI2
+ n = 3ii>M = 2 7 ( A l )
Dap an diing la B. 0,08 (mol) <r- ^ ^ = 0,04(mol)
C a u 8: Cho 9,6 gam b6t k i m loai M vao 500 m l dung dich H C l I M , khi phan tmg 22,4
k^'t thijc thu duoc 5,376 lit H , (dktc). K i m loai M la
Mw = — 39 ^ M la k i m loai K .
A. M g B. Ca C. Fe D.Ba. M 0,08 •
Hu&ng ddn gidi 11: Cho 3,1 gam h6n hop g6m hai k i m loai ki^m 6 hai chu ky ke' tidp nhau
C a c h 1: Sir dung c6ng thiic tinh nguyen tir kh6'i: ^rong bang tuSn hoan tac dung het vdi nude thu dugc 1,12 li't H j or dktc va dung
9,6 k = 2 djchki^m.
M = -.k = 20k: djnh tdn hai k i m loai do va tinh thanh phin phin tram khd'i luong mdi kim loai.
5,376 M = 40 (Ca)
.2 "^'nh th^ tich dung djch H C l 2 M cSn dung di trung hoa dung dich kiem va kh6'i
22,4
lirong h6n hop mu6'i clorua thu diroc. ,
Dap an dung la B.
Goi s5 mol ciia muî MQj la X, ta c6:
a) Dat c6ng thirc chung cua 2 kim loai ki^m \k M .
(M + 124).x - (M +7l).x = 7,95 ^ X =0,15(mol)
M + HjO •MOH+-H2t
Suyra: MMa2 = ^ J ^ = 95 : ^ M = 95-71 = 24
! 0,1 < 0,1 < - ^ ^ = 0,05 (mol)
22,4 ^ M la kim loai Mg.
£i» 14: D6't chay hd't 1,08 g kim loai hoa trj III trong khi thu diroc 5,34 g mu6'i
0,1 clorua cua kim loai do. Xac djnh kim loai.
< Suyra2kimloaiki^mmNa(M = 2 3 < 3 1 ) v a K ( M = 39>31) Hu&ng ddn gidi f:•<::• \.>:\,YS..-- •'
Goi X la s6' mol kim loai Na, ta c6: Goi M la kim loai c5n tim.
23x + 39. (0,1 - x) = 3,1 =:> X = 0,05 (mol) • PTHH: 2M+3 0 , > 2Ma3 (1) '' ^ ^ ..
Vay thanh ph5n % kh6'i luong m6i kim loai:
mol da phan umg la = ^ ' ^ ^ j ^ ' " ^ = 0,06 (mol) Y u^c
23.0,05.100%
%niNa= =37,1%
0 06 2'
% m K =100-37,1 =62,9% aplieo (1) s6' mol kim loai phan ung la: nw = ' ^ " = 0,04 (mol)
b) HCl + MOH > MCI + H2O HEh<$i liromg mol cua kim loai la : MM = = 27 (g/mol) i
w 0,04
"HCi=ni^H="M=0'l('"o') Kim loai la Al.
Ckn 15: Cho 3 g h6n hop g6m Na va kim loai kilm M tac dung vdi nude. Di. trung
Vay: The ti'ch dung dich HCl cin dung: V^JHCI " Y " ^'^^ ^''^^ " ^""'^
h6a dung djch thu duoc cin 800 ml dung dich HQ 0 , 2 5 M . Kim loai M la
Kh6'i lupng h6n hop mu6'i clorua thu duoc: A. Li B.Cs. C.K. D.Rb
m H , ™ 5 i = (31+35',5). 0,1 =6,65 (gam)" Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cau 12: Cho 2 gam m6t kim loai thu6c nhom IIA tac dung het vdi dung dich HQ ''oi M la c6ng thiic chung ciia hai kim loai kilm, ta c6:
tao ra 5,55 gam mud'i clorua. Kim loai do la kim loai nao sau day? nHa = 0,8.0,25 = 0,2 (mol)
A. Be; B. Mg; C. Ca; D. Ba
Hu&ng ddn gidi M + H 2 O M O H + I H J T (1)
Dat c6ng thu-c kim loai hoa tri II la M.
MOH + HQ - > M Q + HÔ (2)
M + 2HC1 > MCI2 + H2 t Tir(l)va(2):n,H = n„a = 0,2(mol)
5,55-2
"MCIZ ="02 = - r ^ = 0,05{mol) M = — = 15
0,2
Nguyen tijr khdi trung binh la 15 thi phai c6 m6t kim loai c6 nguyen tii kh6"i < 15
z:>M = — = 40(Ca)
0,05 ^ ' m6t kim loai c6 nguydn tir khfTi > 15. Vay chi c6 Li ( M = 7 ) va Na ( M = 23)
phu hop. vay kim loai ki^m M \l Li.
Dap an dung la C.
^ p a n d i i n g i a A.
c a u 13: Khi la'y 14,25 gam mu6'i clorua ciia m6t kim loai chl c6 hod tri I I va m^t
lugmg mu6'i nitrat ciia kim loai do c6 s6' mol bang so mol mu6'i clorua thi th^y 16: Cho 17 g hdn hop X g6m hai kim loai kiem dutig ke' tie'p nhau trong nhom
^ tac dung vdri nu6c thu duoc 6,72 lit H , (dktc) va dung djch Y.
khac nhau 7,95 gam.
H6n hop X g6m
Xac dinh ten kim loai.
, ^LivaNa B.NavSK C. KvaRb D.RbvaCs
1 1A
K T thuat mai giai nhanh BT Hod hpc, tap 2 - C » Thanh Toan yU l 19:
9 N u n g h6n hop mu6'i cacbonat ciia hai k i m loai ke' tifi'p nhau trong n h 6 m
II IIAA l tori kh6'i luong k h 6 n g d6i thu duoc 2,24 lit C O ^ (dktc) va 4,64 g h6n hop hai
b) The' tich dung dich H C l 2 M cin 6i trung hoa dung djch Y la oxit. H a i k i m loai do la
* A . 200 m l B. 250 m l C. 300 m l D . 350 m l A. M g v a C a B. Be va M g C . C a va Sr D . S r v a Ba
Hu&ng dan gidi Hu&ng ddn gidi j ; • vm ,
a) Goi M la c6ng thiic chung cua hai k i m loai kiem: ^^^^ ^jt,,j ,
nco2 = ^ = 0'' ("loO
2M+2H,0 >2MOH + H,t
Qo'\g thurc chung ciia hai mu6'i cacbonat do la M CO,:
0,6mol < ^ i ^ = 0,3(mol)
22,4 M CO, — ! ^ M O + CO,
M = = 28,33 => 2 k i m loai k i l m dung k€ nhau trong nhom l A thoa man l-^ 0,1 0,1 0,1 (mol)
0,6 4 64
Na(23) va K(39) = -j— = 46,4 (g/mol) =^ M r : = 46,4 - 16 = 30,4 (g/mol)
Dap an diing la B. MO 0,1
Ml < 30,4 => M , la M g ( M = 24 g/mol)
b) Trung hoa Y
M , > 30,4 => M , la Ca ( M = 40 g/mol)
M O H + HCl > M C I + H.O
Dap an dung la A .
0,6mol 0,6moi
Ciu 20: Cho 8 gam h6n hop g6m m6t k i m loai ki^m th6 v^ oxit ciia n6 tac dung
VHC, = ^ =0,3(lit) = 300(ml) vifa dii vdi 1 lit dung dich HCl 0,5M. Xac djnh k i m loai kidm th6.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dap an dung la C. Goi kim loai kikm tho la X (c6 khoi luong mol va M ) , oxit ciia n6 la X O .
C a u 17: Dien phSn nong chay mu6'i clorua ciia m6t k i m loai kiem thu diroc 0,896 X + 2HCI XCU + H , (1)
lit k h i (dktc) a anot va 1,84 g k i m loai a catot. C6ng thiic hoa hoc ciia mu6'i la X O + 2HC1 - » X C l , + H , 0 (2)
A.Lia B.NaQ C. K C l D. R b Q Goi X , y la s6' mol ciia k i m loai ki^m th6 va oxit ciia no.
Hu&ng ddn gidi S6' mol HCl tham gia phan irng (1) va (2) ^ 0,5 mol.
Dat k i m loai kiem la M ' M x + ( M + 16)y = 8
Ta CO he phuong trinh:
2MC1 ^ E D £ _ ^ 2M + CKT
" 2 x + 2y = 0,5 ... '••
0 , 0 8 ^ ^ = 0.04 M-16
22,4 Giai ht phirong trinh ta ducKc: x=
64
MM = —
0,08
= 23 M i a Na
9k 0 < X < 0,25, ta c6: 0 < ^ < 0,25
Dap an diing la B HI" ^
^ b < M - 1 6 < 1 6 = > 16<M<32
Cau 18: De oxi hoa h o i n to^n m6t k i m loai M hoa trj I I thanh oxit phai diing mo'
^^y k i m loai kdm th6 c6 nguyfin tif kh6'i bang 24, do la M g .
luong oxi bang 4 0 % luong k i m loai da dung. K i m loai M la
'^W 2 1 : K h i la'y 11,1 g mu6'i clorua cua m6t k i m loai chi c6 hoa tri 11 va m6t luong
A. Zn B. M g C. Ca D. Ba.
"lufii sunfat ciia k i m loai do c6 cung s6' mol, tha'y khac nhau 2,5g. Xac djnh
Hu&ng ddn gidi ^^ng thiic hoa hoc ciia hai mu6'i.
Goi oxit k i m loai hoa tri I I do la M O Hu&ng ddn gidi ^
ôi c6ng thurc ciia cac mu6'i la M C I , , MSO4, va x la s6' mol ciia m6i mu6i.
K h 6 i luong oxi bang 4 0 % kh6'i luong ciia M ndn — . 100 = 40
M J l £ p bai ra ta c6: ( M + 96)x - ( M + 71 )x = 2,5 x = 0.1 (mol) •'
= > M = 40 (Ca). K i m loai la Ca.
Dap an dung I ^ C.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Kh6'i luong mol cua M Q , = — =111 (g/mol)
Cach 1: Sir dung c6ng thiic tinh nguyfin tix khdfi
Nguyen tiJr kh6'i cua M la: 111 - 71 = 40 => M la Ca 21.6 ^ „^ rk = 3
M = —.k = 9k=>^
C6ng thurc cac nu6\a CaQ, va CaS04 6,72 8 [ M = 27(A1) •1.
Cau 22: Cho 16,2 g kim loai X (c6 hoa trj n duy nha't) tac dung vdri 3,36 Ift Q 22,4
(dktc), phan utig xong thu duoic chat ran A. Cho A tic dung het vdri dung (i\J Pap i n diing 1^ D.
H Q tha'y C O 1,2 g khi thoat ra. Kim loai X la Cach 2:
A.Mg BZn C.A1 D. Ca.
Hit&itg dan gidi S6 mol NjO = = 0,3 (mol)
22,4
" 4X + nO. >2X,0„ Qua trinh thu electron: Qua trinh cho electron:
+5 +1
;: (kit .
' 3^.0,15 2N+8e • N2O X > X " * + ne
n 22,4
2,4 <- 0,3 2,4
A tac dung hS't vdri dung djch HCl tha'y c6 khi thoat ra => Kim loa X du: 2,4
2X + 2 n H a > 2XC1„ + nH,

1.2 ,
1,2' • •
Mx=||f-n=9n n = 3; Mx = 27. Vay X la A l
= 0,6
n 2 Dap an diing la D. ^
1,2 0,6 1,8 Cau 25: M6t binh kin c6 dung tich 5 lit chiJa khi O, d ap sua't 1,4 atm va 27°C. D6't
T6ng s6 mol X la: — + — = —
n chay 12 g kim loai kiim th6 trong binh km trdn. Sau phan ling, nhiet d6 va dp
sua't trong binh la 136,5''C va 0,903 atm. Bie't the' tfch bmh kh6ng d6i, the' tich
Mx = — . n = 9n => n = 3; Mx = 27 thoa man. Vay X la A l
1,8 chat ran kh6ng dang k^.
Xac djnh kim loai ki^m th6 dem dd't.
Dap an dung la C .
c a u 23: DiSn phan nong chay 4,25 g mudi clorua cua m6t kim loai k i l m thu duac Hu&ng ddn gidi
Gci kim loai ki6m th6 c&n tim 1^ M .
1,568 lit khi tai anot (do or 109,2°C va 1 atm). Kim loai kiem do \h
A. L i B.Na C. K D. Rb 2M + O 2 > 2MO , t inti;^ ; ,:
Huong dan gidi ^tjSH mol khi O 2 c6 trong binh tnr6c phan ihig:
Mu6'i clorua c6 dang X Q PV 273.1,4.5
= 0,284 (mol).
2Xa )2X + Cl,t ' Po.22,4' T 1.22,4.(273 + 27)
Khi thu due a anot la khi CU > ». S6' mol khi con lai trong binh sau phan umg:
nn, = —= Lil^^? =0,05(mol); Uxa = 2.0,05 = 0,1 (mol) 273.0,903.5 . . . ^ ^ ,^

nn^rftniai = = 0,134 (mol)
^'2 RT 0,082.(273+109,2) 02c6nla, 1.22,4.(273+136,5)
mol khi O, tham gia phan iJng:
Mxa = ^ = 42,5 => Mx + 35,5 = 42,5 =:> Mx = 7. Vay X 1 ^ L i
"orphan ^ g = 0 , 2 8 4 - 0 , 1 3 4 = 0,15(mol)
Dap an dung 1^ A. => S6' mol kim loai M tham gia phan ung la 0,3 mol.
Ciku 24: Cho 21,6 g kim loai chua biS't hoa trj tac dung het vdri dung djch H N ^ '
= 40 (g/mol) => M la canxi (Ca).
loang thu duoc 6,72 lit NÔ duy nha't (dktc). Kim loai do la 0,3
A. Na B.Zn . . . C. Mg D. A l
318 -IIQ
Cau 26: Hoa tan 1,04 g mu6'i clorua cua k i m loai k i ^ m th6 trong n\xdc thu 01^,^,
dung djch A . Them Na^CO, du vao dung dich A duoc mdt ke't tua. Hoa tan k^'t
tiia nay trong dung djch H N O 3 duoc dung dich B. Thfim H2SO4 d u vao dung djcf,
B duoc ket tiia mdfi c6 khoi luong 1,165 g. Xac dinh cOng thiic hoa hoc cua m\xQ[ v a y M la k i m loai M g .
clorua k i m loai k i ^ m th6. ph^n tram kheii luong cac k i m loai trong h6n hop: î A :
Hu&ng ddn gidi 2,4.100% ,^
Gpi k i m loai k i ^ m thd cSn t i m la M va khO'i lugng m o l nguyfin tir ciia no Va. X,
^^""^^ ^ 16,8 + 2,4 ^ ' ' ^""'''^ "^"^'^^^ > Ai,
Ta CO so do sau:
Qâ 28: H6n hop A g6m Fe va k i m loai M c6 hoa t r i khOng d6i trong moi hop
chat, M diing trudc hidro trong day di6n hoa. T i 16 s6' mol ciia M va Fe trong
Theo so d6 phan ung: h6n hop A la 1: 2. Cho 13,9 h6n hop A tac dung vdd k h i 0 2 thi c^n dimg 10,08
1 mol M C I : > ' mol MSO4 'f'-" 1ft O j . Cho 13,9 g hOn hop A tac dung vdi dung dich H C l thi thu duoc 7,84 lit
Hj. Cac thi tich khi dû do d (dktc). Xac djnh k i m loai M va % khO'i luong cua
( X + 71) g M C I , > ( X + 96) g MSO4
tndi k i m loai trong h6n hop A .
1,04 g M Q , > 1,165 g M S 0 4 Hu&ng ddn gidi
1.165.(X + 7 1 ) = l,04.(X + 96) Goi s6 mol M la x => s6' mol Fe la 2x.
Giai ra duoc X = 137. Vay M la Ba, mu6'i la BaCU. 2 M + 2nHa ^ 2Ma„ + nH^ ' >
Cau 27: H6n hop A chiia Fe va k i m loai M c6 hoa trj kh6ng d6i trong mot ho|i X 0,5nx(mol)
chat. T i le s6' m o l ciia M va Fe trong h6n hop A la 1 : 3. Cho 19,2 gam h6n hcyp
Fe + 2 H C l ^ F e a , + H2
A tan he't vao dung djch HCl thu duoc 8,96 lit khi H , . Cho 19,2 gam h6n hop A
2x 2x (mol)
tac dung het vdri khi CL thi cin dung 12,32 h't khi Q , .
7 84
Xac dinh k i m loai M va phSn tram kh6'i luong cac k i m loai trong h6n hop A 0,5nx + 2 x = - 1 : ^ - 0 , 3 5 (1)
Cacthetichkhidoodktc. 22,4 \
Hu&ng ddn gidi 2 M + n a , -> 2Ma„
Dat so mol ciia M la x => So mol cua Fe la 3x. X 0,5nx (mol)
2 M + 2nHCl > 2MC1„ + n H j T 2Fe + 3 a , ^ 2FeCl3

2x 3x (mol)
x(mol) > 0,5nx(mol)
0,5nx-H3x=-|^ = 0,45 (2)
Fe + 2HC1 > FeClz + H2 t
Giai he g6m phuong trinh (1) va (2) duoc n = 3 ; x = 0,1 <|
3x(mol) > 3x(mol)
mp. = 2.0,1.56 = 11,2 (g); mM = 13,9 - 11,2 = 2,7 (g)
8 96
Khefi luong mol ciia M la = — = 27 ig/mo])=> M la A l
T h e o s d m o l H ^ t a c o : 0,5nx + 3x = = 0,4 (l)
0,1
2 M + nCl2 > 2MC1„ 2Fe + 302 ^ 2Fea3 % m A , = - Y ^ . 100% = 19,42%;

X -> 0,5nx ( m o l ) 3x -> 4,5x (mol)
%mp, 100% - 19,42% = 80,58% ^4
12 32
Theo s6' mol C I , ta c6:0,5nx + 4,5x = — r — = 0,55 (2)
Giai (1) va (2) duoc: X = 0,1; n = 2
Suyra: mp^ = 3.0,1.56 = 16,8(g); m ^ = 1 9 , 2 - 1 6 , 8 = 2 , 4 ( g )

320
Dang 2: Bdi tap ve phan Ang nhiei iiiioin 1: A l ; AI2O3; Fe + H2SO4 (loang, dir):
1. L i thuyet van dung va phuong phap giai: Fe+-T.S04 ^ F e S 0 4 + H2
* Phan umg nhiet nh6m (tac dung vdi oxit kim loai): 0,27 -» 0,27 :!
2A1 +3H2SO4 -> Al2(S04)3 + 3H2 i - ./»<:..: , -
2A1 + F e A '° > 2Fe + AUO,
(m/27-0,2) ^ l,5(m/27-0,2) .,
,0 -i'
,, . 2A1 + C r A — 2 C r + AUOj Xacd: 0,27 + l,5(m/27-0,2) = 4a. 2 (1)
, phan 2: A l , AI2O3, Fe + NaOH (dung djch, du):
PTTQ: 2yAl,,) + 3M,Oy,„ — ^ 3xM,„ + yAUO.,,,,
2A1 + 2NaOH + 6H2O ->• 2NaAl(OH)4 + SH^ ''' ' '
- Trong phan ling nhiet nh6m, cac chat tru6c va sau phan ling dû la ckc chft ran
(m/27-0,2) -). l,5(m/27-0,2) ' '
(cac kim loai va oxit kim loai). Do do: m^hj„j„ p/^ =
^cha't ran sau p/u 1^ cd: l,5(m/27 - 0,2) = a. 2 (2) , V
- Cho san ph^m cua phan ling nhiet nh6m, tac dung vdi dung dich kidm ma cd khf Ti» (1, 2) => a = 0,27/6 = 0,045 (mol)
H, bay ra => trong san ph^m cd Al: Vay m = [2. 0,045/1,5 + 0,2]. 27 = 7,02 (gam) •'
2A1 + 2NaOH + 6 H 3 O > 2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3H2T
£)ap an diing la D.
=> Al du hoac phan ung xay ra cd H % <1(X)%.
Cach 2: Cach giai nhanh bai nay:
- Khi chia chat ran sau phan ung nhifit nhdm thanh hai phSn khac nhau thi
+ PhSn I : dat ^n s6' mol cac chat A, B, C, D Mn lirot la x, y, z, t. Trong phan ung nhiet nh6m, vi A l dir ndn n^, > 2np^203 = 2.0,1 = 0,2 (mol)
+ PhSn I I : dat ^n s6' mol cac chat A, B, C, D \in lucrt la kx, ky, kz, kt. = > m A , > 0 , 2 . 2 7 = 5,4(g)
Trong 4 phircmg an, chi c6 phuong an D (7,02 g) cd m > 5,4 (g).
Thidu 2: Nung h6n hop b6t g6m A l va FcjOj (trong diiu kifin khdng cd oxi),
Thi du I: H6n hop X g6m 3,92 gam Fe, 16 gam FeÔ, va m gam A l . Nung X 0 thu duoc hdn hop chat ran X. Chia X thanh 2 phSn bang nhau:
nhiet d6 cao trong didu kifin khdng cd khdng khi, thu duoc h6n hop chSt ran Y. - Cho pMn 1 vao dung djch HCl (du) thu duoc 7,84 lit khf (dktc);
Chia Y thanh hai ph^n bang nhau. PhSn m6t tac dung vdi dung djch H2SO4
- Cho phdn 2 vao dung djch NaOH (du) thu duoc 3,361ft khf H , (dktc).
loang (du), thu duoc 4a mol khf H,. PhSn hai phan ling vdi dung dich NaOH,
Biet rang cac phan ung deu xay ra hoan toan. Ph^n tram khd'i luong ciia Fe
thu diroc a mol khf Hj. Bid't cac phan ung deu xay ra hoan toan. Gia tri cua m la trong X la
A. 3,51 B.4,05 C.5,40 D. 7,02
A. 66,39%. B. 42,32%. C. 46,47%. D. 33,61%.
(Trich dethi tuyen sink DH khoi A nam 2013)^
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cach 1: Phuong phap thong thudng:
Theobaira: (P,) = 0,35 (mol);nH2 (P2) = 0,15 (mol)
3 92
Ban Aiu cd: n^, = ^ — = 0,07 (mol);
56 ^> X + NaOH(dd) tao ra khf H2 =:> A l c6n du (FcoOj he't; X gdm Fe, AI2O3 va
Al du).
npeô, = 7 ^ = (mol); H A , = m/27 (mol)
^ ' 160 2A1 + FejOj - > AI2O3 + 2Fe '
Vi ph5n 2 phan ung vdi NaOH tao ra khi H , Sau phan ling nhiet nh6m con A' 2x < - X - > X -> 2x
=>Fe203hd't.
^ m o l A l du (trong X) la y s6' mol Al ban dû 1^ (2x + y)mol.
2A1 + FcjOa AUOj + 2Fe
BandSu: m/27 0,1 0 0,07 (mol) ^ ^ I : Fe + 2 H C l - > F e C l 2 + H . t
Phan ling: 0,2 < - 0,1 -)• 0,1 0,2 2x 2x

Saupu: (m/27-0,2) 0 0,1 0,27 (mol)
322 323
A l + 3HCI Aia3+1,5H2 t Al, A I 2 O 3 - ^ ^ A i a 3 -^"3^"2" >Al(OH)3 ^ AI2O3
2A1 >Al203 AI2O3 > AI2O3

=>2x+ l,5y = 0,35.2 i:>2x + l , 5 y - 0 , 7 (l)
X —> X / 2 (mol) y -> y (mol)
* PhSnll: A l + NaOH + 3 H 2 0 - * N a A l ( O H ) 4 + l , 5 H 2 i
'27x + 102y = l,56 _
Taco: X = 0,02; y =0,01
y l,5y x / 2 + y = 0,02 ^
=>l,5y = 0,15.2 =0,3 (2)
2A1 + 6HC1 > 2Aia3 + 3H2 t
T i r ( l , 2 ) =>x=0,2; y = 0,2
0,02 -> 0,03
V = 0,03.22,4 = 0,672 (lit)
pap an dung la D.
Kh6'i lucmg h6n hop X: nix =2.0,2.56+ 0,2.27+ 0,2.102 = 48,2(g)
Thidu 5: Nung h6n hop g6m 10,8 gam A l va 16,0 gam FejOa (trong diû kidn
khong C O khdng khQ, sau khi phan ting xay ra hoan toan thu duoc chat rSn Y.
Kh6'i luong kim loai trong Y la
Thi du 3: H6n hop X gdm Fe304 va A l c6 ti 16 mol tuong ling 1: 3. Thuc hien
Dap an ting
diing la C.nh6m X (khdng c6 kh6ng khO d6^n khi phan umg xay ra hoan A. 16,6 gam. B. 11,2 gam. C. 22,4 gam. D. 5,6 gam.
phan nhifet
toan thu duoc h6n hop gdm
Hu&ng ddn gidi
A. A l , Fe, Fe304 va A I 2 O 3 B. A I 2 O 3 va Fe.
Theo bai ra: n^, =0,4(mol); np^Ôj =0,l(mol)
C. A l , Fe va A l j O j . D. A I 2 O 3 , Fe va Fe304.
(Trich dethi tuyen sink DHkhoiA) 2 Al + FejOj — ^ 2Fe + A I 2 O 3
Hu&ngddngidi PhaniJng: 0,2<e-0,l -> 0,2(mol)
PTHH: Sau p/u: 0,2 (mol) 0,2 (mol)
3Fe304 + 8A1 -> Fe + 4AI2O3
vay m^™ = mî + mp. = 0,2.27 + 0,2 + 56 = 16,6(g)
3 ->• 8
Dap an dung la A.
Gia sir C O 3 mol Fe304 => nAi diu) = 9 mol ma nî ang) = 8 mol => A l du
Thidu 6: Day gdm cac oxit deu bi A l khir o nhiet d6 cao la
Vay sau phan ling c6: Fe, AI2O3 va A l du.
A. FeO, MgO, CuO B. FeO, CuO, C r A -
Dap an dung la C.
C. Fe304, SnO, BaO D. PbO, K 2 O , SnO.
Thi du 4: Cho 1,56 gam h6n hop gdm A l v^ AI2O3 phan ling he't v6i dung dich (Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang khd'i A)
HCl (du), thu duoc V lit khi H . (dktc) va dung djch X. Nho tir tir dung dich Hu&ng ddn gidi
NH3 den du vao dung djch X thu duoc ke't tiia, loc he't luong ke't tiia, nung den oxit bj A l khir o nhidt d6 cao la cac oxit ciia cac kim loai c6 ti'nh khuf trung
kh<5i luong kh6ng d6i thu duoc 2,04 gam ch^ft rdn. Gia trj ciia V la |nh va ye'u, nhu FeO, CuO, CrÔj:
A. 0,448 B. 0,224 C. 1,344 D. 0,672 .0
(Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dangkhoiAl 3FeO + 2Al- ' ->3Fe + Al203
Hu&ng ddn gidi 3CuO + 2Al- ^ 3 C U + Al203 „ „,,ff|,,

2 04 Cr203 + 2A1 ^ 2Cr + A I 2 O 3 " ; "ifc*'';;
Theo bai ra: n . 1 , 0 . = = 0'02 (mol) 5dp an diing la B. ' ^
Qhu v.- Cac oxit MgO, BaO, KjO kh6ng bi khiJr bcri A l b nhiet d6 cao
So d6 phan ung:
325
Thi du 7: Thuc hidn phan u«g nhifet nhdm h6n hop g6m m gam A l 4,56 g-,^ Hu&ng ddn gidi
C F J O J (trong difiu kidn khOng c6 O2), sau khi phan ling ke't thiic, thu dugc hft,,
hop X. Cho toan b6 X vao m6t luong du dung dich HCl (loang, nong), Xheobaira: nH2(,) = ^ ^ = 0,1375(mol);
22,4
nH2(2) =5^
22,4
= 0,0375(mol)
khi cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc 2,016 lit H2 (dktc). Con neu ci^j
toan bo X vao mOt luong du dung djch NaOH (die, nong), sau khi cac ph^^ pTPLT nhiet nhom: 2Al,d„) + FejOj 2Fe + A l A
ihig V.6\. thiic thi s6' mol NaOH da phan iJng la Trong hop sau phan ihig c6: Fe, Al.Oj, A l du (vi hOn hop sau phan ung tac dung
vdi NaOH tao ra khf H^), (FcjOj phan ihig he't vi phan ihig xay ra hoan toan).
A. 0,16mol. B. 0,06 mol. C. 0,14 mol. D. 0,08 mol.
(Trich detuyen sink Dai hoc khojH) phan I : Fe + H , S 0 4 (1) — ^ FeSO. + H , t
X
Hu&ng ddn gidi
2A1 + 3 H , S 0 4 ( ] ) Al2(S04)3 + 3H2T
Theo bai ra: n ^ ' ^ ^ = 0,03 (mol); nH2 = = 0,09(mol)
22,4 y l,5y
Taco: x + l,5y =0,1375 (1)
Vi nH2 > 2.ncô3 Trong X con c6 Al du.
Phan I I : 2A1 + 2NaOH + 6H2O 2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3H2T
2A1 + CrjOj AI2O3 + 2Cr
y l,5y
0,06 <- 0,03 0,03 0,06 Taco: l,5y =0,0375 (2)
T i r ( l , 2 ) t a c 6 : x = 0 , l ; y = 0,25.
Cr + 2HC1 CrCl2 + H 2
Theo PTPLT nhiet nhOm:
0,06 0,06
2A1 + 6HC1 2AICI3 + 3H2
0,02 (0,09 - 0,06) ^ m Fe203 = 0.05 . 160 = 8(gam) ''

X + dd NaOH (dac, nong, du): " A I (p/u) = "FC = 0,1 (mol)
Al + NaOH + 3H2O -> Na Al(OH)^ " I A I (ban d i u ) = niAi + mî ,p/„ = (0,025 + 0,1). 27 = 3,375 (gam)
Vay m = 2. (m p,203 + HIA,) = 2. (8 + 3,375) = 22,75g. • W-
0,02->0,02
Dap an diing la B.
AI2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O 2Na A l ( O H ) , Thidu 9: Nung h6n hop b6t gom 15,2 gam CrjOj vdi m gam A l 0 nhiet d6 cao.
0,03 -> 0,06 Sau khi phan ihig hoan toan, thu dugc 23,3 gam h6n hop ran X. Cho toan b6
h6n hop X phan ihig vdri axit HCl (du) thoat ra V lit khi H , ( 0 dktc). Gia tri
Vay nNaOH =0,02 +0,06 = 0 , 0 8 ( m o l ) ctia V la
Dap an d i i n g la D. A. 3,36. B. 4,48. C. 7,84. D. 10,08.
Thi du 8: Nung nong m gam h6n hop A l va FcjOj (trong m6i truomg kh6ng co (Trich Delhi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B)
kh6ng khi) de'n khi phan umg xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc h6n hop ran Y. Chu> Hu&ng ddn gidi
Y thanh hai phSn bang nhau:
£>e }>iai hai nay can si( dung dinh luat hdo toan khd'i lucfng vd chu y kirn loai Cr
- Phdn 1 tac dung v6i dung djch H3SO4 loang (du), sinh ra 3,08 lit khi H, (6 dktc).
phan Ung vdi dung dich HCl tao ra muoi crom (II) clorua.
- Phdn 2 tac dung v&i dung djch NaOH (du), sinh ra 0,84 lit khi H , (6t dktc).
Gia tri cia m la SdmolCrAv nc,203 = ^ = 0,l(mol)
A. 29,40. B. 22,75. C. 29,43. D. 21,40.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoij^ Trong phan ung nhidt nh6m: m^, + m m c ^ 0 3 = '"h«nh«,ri„«upw„a„g
^ m ^ , = 23,3 - 15,2 = 8,l(gam) = 0,3 (mol)

I'M:
PTPLT: 2A1 + CrjOj ——> 2Cr + AUOj 8A1 + 3 F e 3 0 4 — ^ 9 F e + 4Al203
Saupu: 0,1 (mol) 0,2 (mol) t y 3y/8 >9y/8
Al + 3 H a > Aia, + USH^t
Fe + H2S04(1) ).FeS04+H2
0,1 (mol) 0,15 (mol)
9y/8 > 9y/8
Cr + 2Ha > CrQj + H^t
0,2 (mol) 0,2 (mol) 2A1 + 3H2S04(1) >Al2(S04)3+3H
=> I n =0,15 + 0,2 = 0,35 (mol) (0,4-x-y) 1,5(0,4
=> = 0,35. 22,4 = 7,84 (lit).
Taco: ^ + 1 , 5 . ( 0 , 4 - x - y ) = 0,48
Dap an dung la C. o
Thidu 10: D6't nong h6n hop g6m A l va 16 gam FcjO, (trong diû kifin kh6ng =>9y + 1 2 . ( 0 , 4 - x - y ) = 3,84 =^ 12x + 3 y = 0,96
CO khdng khi) dd'n khi phan ling xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc h6n hop ran X. Hidu sua't phan ihig nhidt nh6m (tinh theo Fe304):
Cho X tac dung vCfa du vdi V ml dung djch NaOH I M sinh ra 3,36 lit (6
^ _ ( l . 5 x + 3y/8).100%
dktc). Gia tri ciia V la
A. 300. B. 100. C.200. D. 150. 0,15
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao dangkhdlA) _ ^ _ ( l 2 x + 3y).100% 0,96.100%
Hu&ng ddn gidi 8A15 - — - j ^ - 8 0 %
3,36 Dap an dung la A.

Theobaira: iii^^ =0,15 (mol)
22,4 Cdch 2:
Trong X (g6m AUO,, Fe va A l du) chi c6 A l tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH: Coi phan ung xay ra:
Al + NaOH + 3 H , 0 > NaAl(OH)4 + ^SH^T 8A1 + 3Fe304 >9Fe + 4AI2O3

BandSu: 0,4 0,15
0,1 (mol) 0,15 (mol)
IVu: X ^ 3x/8 ^ 9x/8
Suyra:V= ^^1^1^ = 100 (ml) Con: 0,4 - x 9x/ 8
Dap an dung la B. 2AI + 3H2SO4 >Al2 ( 8 0 4 ) 3 + 3H2

Thidu 11: Tr6n 10,8 gam b6t A l vdi 34,8 gam b6t Fe304 rdi tid'n hanh phan ihig
nhiet nhom trong didu kidn khdng c6 kh6ng khi. Hoa tan hoan toan h6n hap 0.4-X 1,5(0,4-x)
ran sau phan ihig bang dung dich H2SO4 loang (du), thu duoc 10,752 lit khi Fe + H2SO4 > FeS04 + H j
H2 (dktc). Hieu sua't ciia phan ling nhiet nh6m la
9x/8 9x/8
A. 80% B. 70% C.60% D. 90%
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khdlB)^
Taco: 1,5.(0,4-x) + — = 0,48
Hu&ng ddn gidi 8
Cdch 1:
=^ 1 2 ( 0 , 4 - x ) + 9x = 3,84 i:>3x = 0,96 = > x = 0 , 3 2
Theobaira: nî =0,4(mol);npgp^ =0,15(mol); n ^ ^ =0,48(mol)
ây hieu sua't phan ung nhiet nh6m:
H = ^ ^ = 2 : ^ . 8 0 %
PTHH: 2Al + 3 F e 3 0 4 — ^ 9 F e O + Al203 0,4 0,4
X -> l,5x
328
Cty TNHH MTV DVVHjn^n^^^
3. Cac bai tap tir luyen: Hudfng ddn gidi

PTHH xay ra: 2A1 + FejOj ->
Cau 1: Thirc hien phan umg nhiet nh6m giOa A l va CrjOj trong di6u kidn kh6ng ^ 2Fe +AI2O3
kh6ng khi, sau phan umg hoan toan thu duoc h6n hop X c6 kh6'i luong 43,9 gy^ Ban ddu: 0,25 0,15 0 0
Chia X lam 2 ph^n bang nhau. Cho phdn 1 tac dung vol dung dich NaOH (H Phan umg: 2x X 2x: X
thu duoc 1,68 lit khi (dktc). PhSn 2 phan ung vira du vdri V lit dung dich HCj Con: ((/,25-2x) (0,15-X) 2x! X
(loang, nong). Gia tri ciia V la
2A1 + 2NaOH + 6H2O 2 N a [ A l ( O H ) ^ ] + 3H2 t
A. 0,65 . B. 1,05 C. 1,15 D. 1,00
K • (0,25-2x) -). 1,5(0,25-2x)
Khi thoat ra la H,: n^^ = - O,075(mol) AI2O3 + 2NaOH + 3 H 2 0 - > - 2 N a [ A l ( O H ) ^ "

22,4
=> Chat ran Z g6m: FeÔ, va Fe
Trong X con c6 A l dir:
Theo bai ra, ta c6: 1,5.(0,25-2x)=0,15 =:> x =0,075
2Al + 2NaOH + 6H20 •2Na Al(OH)^ + 3H2 T
Vay:
0,05 <- 0,075(mol)
=> Trong X (ca 2 phdn) c6 0,05. 2 = 0,1 mol A l du

+ Hieu suat
O..A cua phan iJng nhiet
• - nh6m (^<2lH tinhtheoAl):
1
2A1 + C r 2 0 3 A I 2 O 3 + 2 C r „^ 0,075.2.100%
2x < - X -> X ^ 2x (mol) H% = 0,25 = 60%
Taco: (2x + 0,l).27 + 152x-43,9 Kh6'i luong ch^t ran Z:
=>206x = 43,9-2,7 = 41,2 = > x = 0 , 2 • m - m F e 2 0 3 +r"Fe = (0,15 - 0,075). 160 + 2.0,075.56 = 20,40(gam)
Do do trong m6i phdn c6: 0,05 mol A l du Dap an diing la A.

0,2 mol Cr sinh ra (x mol Cr) Cau 3: Tr6n 5,4 gam b6t A l vdi 14 gam FeÔj r6i tid'n hanh phan ung nhidt nh6m
(kh6ng CO oxi, FcjOj, bi khir ve Fe). Sau khi kd't thiic phan umg, lam ngu6i h6n
0,1 mol AKOj (x/2 mol AUOj)
Cr + 2HC1 -> 2CrCl2 + H . hop va hoa tan h6n hop nay bang luong dung dich NaOH (du), cho den phan
'k^': A l + 3HC1->A1C13 + 1,5H2 ling hoan toan thu duoc 1,68 lit khi (dktc). Hieu sua't phan umg nhiet nh6m la
0,2 -> 0,4(mol) A. 66/S7<K, D -..^
0 , 0 5 ^ 0,15(mol) A. 66,67% B. 85,71% C. 92,68% D. 75%
A I 2 O 3 + 6HC1 ^ 2AICI3 + 3 H 2 O Hudfng ddn gidi
0,1 -> 0,6(mol) Theo bai ra: n^, =0,2 (mol); np^^^^ =0.0875 (mol)
0,15 1,68
=>nHCi = = 1,15(1) nH2 = ^ = 0 , 0 7 5 (mol)
1
Dap an diing la D. PTPLT:
2A1 +Fe203 -Âl203 +2Fe
Cau 2: Tron 0,25 mol b6t A l voi 0,15 mol b6t Fe.Oj r6i ti^'n hanh phan ling nh'^'
nhom trong diû ki^n khong c6 khdng khi (gia sir chi c6 phan umg khir Fe.Oi ^ Al + NaOH + 3 H 2 0 ^ N a [ A l ( O H ) 4 ] + | H 2 t
Fe) thu duoc h6n hop rSn X. Cho X tac dung voi dung dich NaOH (du) thu
dung dich Y , m gam chat ran khan Z va 0,15 mol Hj. Hi6u suS't phan ling 'i'^'- 0,05 0,075
nh6m va gia trj ciia m I5n luot la
^nAi(PU)=0,2 -0,05=0,15(mol)
A. 60% va 20,40 B. 60% va 30,75.
C. 50% va 30,75. D. 50% va 40,80.
"^"Fejoacpu) =~- =0,075(mol).
0,075.100%
Vay hieu sua't phan umg nhidt nh6m: H % = =85,71' Hu&ng ddn gidi
0,0875
Dap an dung la B. TTieobai ra: =0,1125(mol); nN02 = ^ ^ = 0,525(mo!)
Cû 4: Nung m gam h6n hop X g6m A l va Fe304 trong binh kin kh6ng c6 kh6n '
khi dfi'n phan ung hoan toan thu duoc h6n hop ran Y. Chia Y thanh hai p^^ Tir ke't qua thi nghidm ta tha'y sau phan umg nhifit nhOm thu duoc h6n hop g6m:
AI2O3; Fe (X mol) va A l du (y mol)
bang nhau. PhSn 1 cho tac dung vdi dung djch H N O 3 loang, du thu duoc 0 1 ]
^ Ph^n I + NaOH (dd, du):
mol NO (san ph^m khu duy nha't). Cho ph^n 2 tac dung vdi dung djch NaOH du
thu duoc 0,03 mol H,. Gia trj cOa m la A l + NaOH + 3 H 2 O ^ N a [ A l ( O H ) J + ^H2 t
A. 19,59 B. 19,32 C. 9,93 D. 9,66
Hu&ng ddn gidi 0,5y 0,75y(mol)
Vi Y + NaOH (dd) ^ khi => Al con du, Fe304 he't. + ph^n I I + H N O 3 (dac, nong, du):
Trong Y c6 Fe, AKO, va Al du. Al + 6 H N O 3 - ) . A1(N03)3 + 3 N O 2 t + 3 H 2 O
* 1/2 Y + ddNaOH (du):
0,5x -> l,5x
A l + NaOH + 3H20 •Na Al(OH)J + - H , T fO,75y = 0,1125
'J 2 Taco:^ => x = 0,2; y = 0,15
0,02 (mol) <- 0,03 . [l,5x + l,5y =0,525 ^
AI2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H20 • 2Na Al(OH)^ v a y mpe =0,2.56 = 1 l,2(gam)
1/2 Y + ddHNO, loang, du: Dip an dung la C.
Al + 4 H N O 3 - > A l ( N O 3 )3 + NO + 2 H 2 O cau 6: Tr6n 24 g Fe203 vdi 10,8 g A l r6i nung 6 nhifit d6 cao (khdng c6 khdng
khO. H6n hop thu duoc sau phan umg dem hoa tan vao dung djch NaOH du thu
0,02 0,02 (mol)
duoc 5,376 lit khf (dktc). Hieu sua't ciia phan umg nhiet nh6m \k
Fe + 4 H N 0 3 - > F e ( N 0 3 ) 3 + NO + 2H20 A. 12,5% B.60% C. 80% D. 90%
0,09 (mol) < - (0,11 -0,02) 1): Hu&ng ddn gidi
A I 2 O 3 + 6HN03->2A1(N03)3 + 3 H 2 O 24 10 8
Stfmol FejOj = — = 0,15 (mol); s6'mol A l = — = 0,4 (mol)
PTPU' nhidt nh6m: tlii^ 160 27
2A1 + FcjOj > AI2O3 + 2Fe
8A1 + 3Fe304 — ^ 9Fe + 4AI2O3
2A1 + 2 N a O H + 2 H 2 O > 2NaA102 + SHjt
0,08 < - 0,03 < - 0,09 (mol)
0,16 mol < 0,24 mol
v a y m = mA, + mFe304
«
"Aidu = 0,16 (mol) =>nA,phi„tag = 0,4 - 0,16 = 0,24 (mol)
•m = 2. (0,02 + 0,08).27 + 0,03.232] ii> m = 19,32(gam) 0,24
Dap an dung la B. 203 phan ling = = 0,12 (mol)
Cau 5: Tien hanh phan ling nhiat nh6m vori Fe304 trong dilu kifin kh6ng c6 kh6ng
khi, cho bie't phan ihig xay ra hoan toan va Fe304 chi bi khiJ thanh Fe. Chia h^"
hop thu duoc sau phan ung thanh hai phSn bang nhau. .u suaft phan umg: H = — . 1 0 0 % = 80%
Cho 1 phSn tac dung hS't vdi dung djch NaOH (du) thu duoc 2,52 lit H , (dk"^';
h ^ 0,15 u:
Hoa tan he't phSn 2 bang dung djch H N O 3 dac, nong (du) tha'y c6 11,76 lit k^^'
bay ra (dktc). Kh6'i luong Fe sinh ra sau phan umg nhifit nh6m la ^pandiinglaC.
A. 5,6 gam B. 8,4 gam C. 11.2 gam D. 16,8 gam
Dang 3: Nhom phdn itng v&i dung dich kiem, tinh lUffng tinh cua hap c thi du minh hoar
chat nhom
'ifiTdu 1: H6n hop X g6m Ba va A l . Cho m gam X vao nu6c du, sau khi cac
1, L i thuyet van dung va phirong phap giai: phan irng xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc 8,96 lit khi H , (dktc). Mat khac, hoa tan
* K i m loai nlidm tac dung v6i dung dicli kiem: hoan toan m gam X bang dung djch NaOH, thu duoc 15,68 lit khi H , (dktc).
Giatricuamla
2A1 + 2NaOH + 6 H 2 O -> 2Na[Al(OH)4] + m^
2A1 + Ca(OH)2 + 6H3O -> Ca[Al(OH)4]2 + 3H, ^. 16!4 B.29,9 C.24,5 D. 19,1
Do do khi cho h6n hop kim loai manh (Na, K, Ca, Ba, ...) nh6m vô niroc thi (Trich dethi tuyen sink DH khoi A nam 2013)
nh6m cung bj tan mot phdn hoac tan hoan toan: Hu&ng ddn giai
2Na + 2H,0 2NaOH + H , 8 96 15 68
2A1 + 2NaOH + 6 H 2 O -> 2Na[Al(OH)4] + BH^t Theo bai ra: n^^^^^^ = ^ =0,4 (mol); n^^^j) = = (mol)
* Nhom oxit AI2O3 va nhom hidroxit AI(OH)3 la cac chat lurong tinh: Vi thi nghiem (2) thu duoc lucmg H , nhifeu hom thi nghidm (1) => thi nghidm (1)
,, AlA + 6HC1 > 2AICI3 + 3H,0
Al con du.
TNI: Ba + 2A1 + 4 H , 0 ^ Ba(AI02)2 + 4H2 ,. .
A l , 0 3 + 2NaOH + SHÔ — ) > 2Na[Al(OH)4]
Ai(OH)3+3HCI 0,1 <- 0,2 <- 0,4
AICI3 + 3ao
TN2: 2A1 + 2NaOH + 2H2O -» 2NaA102 + 3H,
Al(OH)3 + NaOH Na[Al(OH)4]
0,2 <- (0,7 - 0,4)
natri aluminat
Vay m = 0,1. 137 + (0,2 + 0,2). 27 = 24,5 (gam) .
* Mot so P T H H can chu y: Dap an diing la C.
NaAl(OH)^ + HCl AÔH)^ i +NaCl + H2O
Thi du 2: The' tich dung dich NaOH 0,25M cin cho vao 15 ml dung dich
NaAl(OH)^ + 4HC1 ->• NaCl + AICI3 + 4H2O A1,(S04)3 0,5M de thu duoc lucmg ke't tiia Idn nha't la
A. 210 ml B. 60 ml C. 90 ml D. 180 ml
AI2 (504)3 +3Ba(OH)2 ^ 3BaS04 i + 2 A 1 ( 0 H ) 3 4.
(Trich dethi tuyen sink DH khoi B nam 2013)
Al2(S04)3+4Ba(OH)2->-3BaS04 i + B a [ A l ( O H ) ^ ] ^
Hu&ng
t,
ddn giai
a
Na [ A l (OH)^ ] + CO2 ^ A l (OH)3 i + NaHCOj Sd'mol A1,(S04)3: 11^,2(504)^ =0,015.0,5 = 0,0075(mol)
KAl (SO4 )^ + 2Ba(OH)^ -> 2BaS04 i +A1 ( 0 H ) 3 i +KOH Khi chi xay ra phan iitig tao kd't tiia thi thu duoc luong kd't tiia 1dm nha't:
A1,(S04)3 + 6NaOH-> 2A1(0H)3>1 + 3Na,S04
KA1(S04)2 + 2Ba(OH)2 ^2BaS04 i + K r A l ( O H ) ^ ]
0,0075 -> 0,045 (mol)
* C a c cong thurc giai nhanh bai tap dang nay:
- C6ng thiic tinh s6' mol NaOH cho vao dung djch A l ' * d^ xuaft hifin ni6t % V , , ^ , O H 0.25M = ^ . 1 0 0 0 = 180(ml)
n =3.ni ''•'
OH
^ p an dung la D
lirong kfe't tua theo ydu ciu:
n =4.n -,, - H I
OH~ Ar+ </« 3; H6n hop X g6m Na, A l va Fe (vdi ti Id s6' mol giOa Na va A l tuong
- C6ng thiic tinh s6' mcl H Q cin cho vao dung dich Na(Al(OH)^) (hoac •^g la 2 : 1). Cho X tac dung vdi H,© (du) thu duoc chat ran Y va V lit khi.
Cho toan b6 Y tac dung voi dung djch H2SO4 loang (du) thu duoc 0,25V lit
NaAlOj) de xua't hiSn m6t lugng ke't t i a theo yfiu cdu: Khi. Biet cac khi do a ciing didu kidn, cac phan litig dû xay ra hoan toan. Ti
H s6 mol cua Fe va A l trong X tuong ihig la
n . =4.n, .--3.nj '•5:16. B. 1:2. C. 16:5. ^ D. 5 :8.

Al{OH)4
(Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang khd'i A)
334
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Al2{S04)^ • 4Ba(OH)2 ^3BaS04 i + B a [ A l ( O H ) /
Goi s6 mol Na, Al va Fe trong X Mn luot la 2x, x y.
y 4y —»• 3y
Na + HjO NaOH + O.SHj t
fheo bai a, ta c6: 3x + 4y = 0,05 ;j
2x -> 2x -> X
(3x + 3y).233 + 2x.78 = 12,045 t.
A l + NaOH + 3 H 2 O - » NaAl(OH)4 + l.SHj t
x ^ x -> l,5x -:i> X = 0,0 l;y-0,005
V ^S6'mol Al2(S04)3 =x + y = 0,015 (mol)

=>x + l,5x = 2,5x = V=:>x = —
n.1000 0,015.1000
2,5 vay V=• • = 150(ml)
-M 0,1
Chat ran Y la y mol Fe.
* Y + H2SO4 (loang, dir) Dap an diing la B .
Fe + H2SO4 (1) ^ FeS04 + H2 t Chu y: - Ket tua gom AKOH), va BaS04.
y ^ y - B a ( O H ) 2 + 2 A l ( O H ) 3 ^ B a r A l ( O H )'4J2
=>y = 0,25V
Thi du 5: Hoa tan ho^n to^n m gam h6n hop g6m NajO va AUOj vô nudc thu
Vay n p , : n A , = y : x = 0 , 2 5 V : ^ = 5:8 dirge dung djch X trong su6't. Thdm i\x tit dung djch HCl IM vao X , khi hd't
100 ml thi bat ddu xufl't hidn kd't tiia; khi hd't 300 ml hoac 700 ml thi dû thu
Dap an dung la D. dugc a gam ket tua. Gia trj cua a va m \in lugt la
Thidu 4: Cho 500 ml dung djch Ba(0H)2 0,1M vao V ml dung djch AI2 (804)^ A. 23,4 va 56,3. B. 23,4 va 35,9. C. 15,6 va 27,7. D. 15,6 va 55,4.
0,1M; sau khi cac phan umg k6't thiic thu duoc 12,045 gam kd't tua. Gia trj cua (Trich dethi tuyen sink DH khoi A)
Vlk Ilit&ng ddn gidi
A . 75. B. 150. C.200. D. 300.
Theo bai ra: n^^Q^ =0,1 (mol);nHci -0,3 (mol); n^ci =0.7 (mol).
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khoi A)
Dat s6' mol Na,0; AUOj Ian lugt la x, y (mol). '
Hudng ddn gidi
Na20 + H2O > 2NaOH
TheobMra: n^^Q^^) ==0,5.0,1
0,5.0, = 0,05 (mol)
'2 X > 2x
* Tru&ng hap 1: Chi xay ra phan irng:
3Ba(OH)2 + A I 2 (504)3 -*3BaS04 ^ +2A1(0H)3 i 2NaOH + AI2O3 + 3H2O 2Na[Al(OH)J
0,05 0,05 ^ 0,1/3 =:> Dung djch X chi c6 NarAl(OH)^] hoac c6 d6ng then NarAl(OH)4 va
(Di chi xay ra phan ling trdn, tiic la chua c6 phan utig ho^ tan hot kd't tiia NaOH du.
A1(0H)3 thi B a ( O H ) 2 phai he't).
Theo bai ra, khi cho HCl vao X chua tao ra kd't tiia ngay => X c6 NaOH
1 N
• m(ke'ttiia) =0,05.233 + 2ll .78 = 14,25(g) Na[Al(OH)^]).
. 3,
Trong X CO 2y mol Na[Al(OH)^] va (2x - 2y) mol Na.
(;^12,045g => loai). j
* Tru&ng hffp 2: Xay ra 2 phan ting: ^ thu dugc kd't tua cin trung hoa hd't NaOH trong Y:
AI2 (SO4 )3 + 3Ba(OH)2 -> 3BaS04 i +2Al(OH)3 i NaOH (du) + H C l - > NaCl + H2O
X -> 3x ^ 3x 2x : 0,1 « - 0,1 ....
=> 2 x - 2 y = 0,1 ==>x-y =0,05 (l) ^ f h i nghiem 2:nNaOH =0,4.1 =0,4(mol)
(S6' mol NaOH trong X bSng 0,1 mol) Trong thi nghiem nay: NaOH, AI2 (SO4 ) deu he't;
* thu duoc a (gam) ke't tua vdd luong H Q it nhtft;
A l (0H)3 bi hoa tan m6t phSn.
NaOH + H C l - ) • NaQ + H2O
6NaOH + AI2 (SO4 )3 ^ 2Al(OH)3 i +3Na2S04
0,1 ^ 0,1
HQ + NaAl(OH)^ -)• Al(OH)3 i +Naa + H2O 6x <- X - » 2x(mol) '
(0,3-0,1) > 0,2 Al(OH)3 + N a O H ^ N a [ A l ( O H ) ^ ]
=â = 0,2 (mol) Al(OH)3 i y y(mol)
* De'thu duoc a(g) ke't tua vdi luong H Q lorn nh^t: '6x + y = 0,4
Ta c6: ^ ^ ^ . Giai ra duoc: x = 0,0625 (y = 0,025)
NaOH + HCl ^ N a C l + H j O 2x-y=0,l '
0,1 ^ 0,1 vay m = 0,0625. 342 = 21,375(g)
NaAl(OH)^ + HCl -> A1(0H)3 i + N a Q + H j O Dap an diing la A.
0,2 <r- 0,2 <- 0,2 Thidu 7: Nho i\x tir 0,25 lit dung djch NaOH 1,04M vao dung djch g6m 0,024
NaAl(OH)^ + 4Ha ^ NaCl + AICI3 + 4H2O mol FeClj; 0,016 mol Al2(S04)3 va 0,04 mol H2SO4 thu duoc m gam ke't tua.
Gia trj cua m la
0.1 <- (0,7-0,1-0,2)
A. 4,128 B. 1,560 C. 5,064 D. 2,568
=>2y = 0,2 + 0 , l = 0 , 3 = > y = 0,15 (2) (Trich detuyen sinh Cap dang - Khoi A)
T i r ( l , 2 ) =>x=0,2;y=0,05 Hu&ng ddn gidi
Vay a = 0,2.78 = 15,6(g) Theobaira: nNaOH =0.25.1,04 = 0,26(mol)
m =0,2.62 + 0,15.102 = 27,7(g) H2SO4 + 2NaOH ->• Na2S04 + 2H2O /;

0,04 - > 0,08
Dap d n dung la C
Thi du 6: Hoa tan he't m gam Al2(S04)3 vao nu6c duoc dung dich A. Cho 300 ml • ^ i F e C l , + 3NaOH -> Fe(OH)3 i + 3NaCl
dung dich NaOH I M vao A, thu duoc a gam ke't tiia. Mat khac, ne'u cho 400 ml B 0 , 0 2 4 ^ 0,072 0,024
dung djch NaOH I M vko A, cung thu duoc a gam ke't tua. Gia trj ciia m la
• A I 2 (504)3 + 6NaOH -> 2 A l ( O H ) 3 i + 3Na2S04
A. 21,375 B. 42,75 C. 17,1 D. 22,8
(Trich de thi du bi daihp^
^Po,016 0,096 -> 0,032
Hu&ng ddn gidi K A1(0H)3 + NaOH -> N a [ A l ( O H ) /
* Thi nghiem 1: nNaOH =0,3.1 =0,3(mol) B 0,012 <- [0,26 - (0,06 + 0,072 + 0,096)]
Trong thi nghiem nay: NaOH he't, A l j (804)3 = '"Fe(OH)34 + ">A.(OH)34 (sau) =0,024.107 + (0,032 - 0,012).78 = 4,128(g)
6NaOH + AI2 (SO4 )3 ^ 2Al (OH)3 i +3Na2S04 ^ a p an dung la A. ,
0,3 -> 0,1 (mol) îdu 8: Hoa tan hoan toan m gam h6n hop X g6m NajO va AUOj vao H2O thu
duoc 200 ml dung dich Y chi chiia chat tan duy nha't c6 n6ng d6 0,5M. Thdi
=>a = 0,1.78 = 7,8(g)
^ J ^ C O , (du) vao Y thu duoc a gam ke't tiia.
Ki thuat tn&i gidi nhanh BT Hod h<fc, t^p 2 - C M Thanh Toan
j ^ , ' du 10: Nho tir tir dung dich NaOH den du vao dung dich X. Sau khi cac
Gia tri cua m va a Idn lircrt la phan iJng xay ra hoan toan chi thu dugc dung dich trong sudt. Chat tan trong
A . 8,3 va 7,2 B. 8,2 va 7,8 C, 11,3 va 7,8 D, 13,3 va 3,9 dung dich X la
(Trich de tuyen sink Cao dang - Khoi 4 j A. AICI3 B. CUSO4 Fe(N03)3 ^ ' D. CaCHCO,),
^ (Trich de tuyen sink Cao dang khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Theo bai ra: n n =0,2. 0,5 = 0,1 (mol)
Na Al(OH)4 Chat tan trong dung dich X la AlCl,:
A l C l , +3NaOH > A 1 ( 0 H ) 3 i +3NaCl
Na20 + 4 H 2 0 + A I 2 O 3 2Na Al(OH)^
0,05 < - 0,05 <- 0,1 (mol) A 1 ( 0 H ) 3 +NaOH ->Na Al(OH)^

> m = 0,05.62 + 0,05.102 = 8,2(g) tan, trong sudt
Pap an dung la A .
N a [ A l ( 0 H ) ^ ] + C02-> Al(OH)3 l + NaHCO,
Thidu 11: Chia hdn hgp X gom K, A l va Fe thanh hai phfin bang nhau.
0,1 -> 0,1
. Cho phdn 1 vao dung djch KOH (du) thu dugc 0,784 lit khi H, (dktc).
a = 0,1.78 = 7,8(g) . Cho phdn 2 vao mdt lugng du H 2 O , thu dugc 0,448 lit khi H. (dktc) va m gam
Dap an diing la B. hdn hgp kim loai Y. Hoa tan hoan toan Y vao dung dich HCl (du) thu duoc
Thidu 9. Hoa tan hoan toan 47,4 gam phen chua KAl(S04)2.12H2O vao nuoc, 0,56 lit khi H . (dktc).
thu dirge dung dich X. Cho toan bo X tac dung vdri 200 ml dung dich Khoi lugng (tinh theo gam) cua K, Al, Fe trong mdi phdn hdn hgp X Idn lugt la
Ba(OH)2 I M , sau phan ting thu dugc m gam kd't tua. Gia tri c i a m la A. 0,39; 0,54; 1,40. B. 0,78; 0,54; 1,12.
C 0,39; 0,54; 0,56. D. 0,78; 1,08; 0,56.
A. 54,4 B.62,2 C. 46,6 ^ D. 7,8
(Trich de tuyen sink Cao dang - Khoi A) (Trich de tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Hu&ng ddn gidi
47 A Phdn I : n'H2
„ , = ^ ^ = 0,035(mol)
Theo bai ra: n,
^KAl(SO4)2.12H2O=^ = 0-l(niol) 22,4
nBa{OH)2=0'21=0'2(mol) K + H20-^KOH +-H2 t

KA1(S04)2 +2Ba(OH)2 ->2BaS04 i +A1(0H)3 i + K O H X 0,5x
0,l(mol)«-> 0,2 ->-0,2 ^ 0,1 -> 0,1
A l + KOH + 3H2O KAl (OH)^ +1H2
AI(OH)3 + K O H - > K [ A I ( O H ) 4
y -> l,5y •0-
0,1 <^ 0,1
0,5x + l,5y = 0,035 (0
Vay chi thu dugc 0,2 mol BaS04 ket tua: m =0,2.197 = 46,6(g)
0,448
Dap an dung la C. in II: nH2 = = 0,02 (mol)
22,4
ChuJ: K A l (SO4 )2 + 2Ba (OH)^ -> 2BaS04 i +K [ A l (OH)^ j
"H2(P2) < " H 2 ( P I ) = > ' ^ ' du (Fe khdng xay ra phan ling)
SO^" + Ba^"" BaS04 i
K + H 2 0 ^ K 0 H +- H , T
Al'^+30H"-)-Al(OH)3i ^ 2 ^
X ^ X ->0,5x •'
AI(OH)3 + OH"->[AI(OH)^ ~ 341
A l + KOH + 3 H 2 O KAI (OH)^ + - T AICI3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 4- +3Naa
\\ 0,4x l,2x ->0,4x
; X <— X -> l,5x
AI2 (SO4 )3 + 6NaOH -+ 2Al(OH)3 i +3Na2S04
y-ii =>0,5x + l , 5 x - 0 , 0 2
0,048 0 , 2 8 8 ^ 0,096
=> 2x =0,02 ^ x = 0,01 (2)
Al (OH)3 + NaOH ^ N a [ A l ( O H ) ^ "
Tiif(l,2) => X =0,01; y = 0,02
a -> a (mol)
* Y + HCl (du): = 0,56
^ ^ = 0,025(mol)
22,4 ' " ' ' , l4r;,M. '/i-a X + 0,096-a = 0,108 J 0 , 4 x - a = 0,012
S6' mol A l phan ting vdi axit HCl: 0,02 - x = 0,02-0,01 = 0,01 (mol) [l,2x + 0,288 + a = 0,612 l,2x + a = 0,324
r i . l , 6 x = 0,336 => x = 0 , 2 1
A1 + 3 H C 1 ^ A 1 C U + - H 2 t
Vay x : y = 0,21:0,012 = 7 : 4
0,01 ^ 0,015(mol) Dap an dung la D.
' Fe + 2 H C l - > F e C l 2 + H2 t Thi du 13: Hoa tan hoan toan 0,3 mol h6n hc»p g6m' A l va AI4C3 vô dung djch
0,01 <- (0,025-0,015) KOH (du), thu duoc a mol h6n hop khi va dung djch X. Sue khi CO2 (du) vao
dung dich X, luong ke't tua thu duoc la 46,8 gam.
Vay: m ^ =0,01.39 = 0,39(g); m^, =0,02.27 = 0,54(g); Gia trj cua a la
mp,=0,01.56 = 0,56(g) A. 0,40. B.0,45. C.0,55. D. 0,60.
(Trich Be thi tuyen sinh DH - CD kho'i A)
Dap an diing la C.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Thi du 12: Cho 400 ml dung dich E g6m AICI3 x mol/lit va Al2(S04)3 y mol/lit
tac dung vdi 612 ml dung dich NaOH 1M, sau khi cac phan ling k6't thiic thu Ke't tlia thu duoc la Al(OH)3: nAi(OH)3 ^ ~ ^ ' ^ ^""^'^
duoc 8,424 gam ke't tiJa. Mat khac, khi cho 400 ml E tac dung vdi dung djch 78
BaCU (du) thi thu duoc 33,552 gam ke't tua. Goi X, y \in luot la s6' mol A l va AI4C3.
Ti Id X : y la Taco: x + y = 0,3 (1)
PTPLT: 2A1 + 6H2O + 2 K 0 H > 2K[Al(OH)4] + 3 H 2 t
A. 4 : 3. B.3:4. C . 3 : 2. D. 7 : 4.
X X l,5x(mol)
(Trichdetuyen sink Dai hoc khdiB)
AI4C3 + I 2 H 2 O > 4Al(OH)3 i + 3CH4T
Hu&ng dan gidi
4y 4y 3y (mol)
S6'mol cac chat: nîQ^ =0,4x(mol)
Al(OH)3+ KOH > K[A1(0H)4]
nAi2(so4)3 =0,4y(mol); nN,oH =0,612(mol) 4y 4y
K[Al(OH)4] + CD2 • -> A1(0H)3>1' + K H C O 3
nAi(OH)3 = ^ = 0-108('"ol);"BaSO4 =0,144(mol) (4y + x) (4x + y)
Bao to^n s6' mol SO4-" ta c6: => 4y + x = 0,6 (2)
Tir(l,2)tac6: x = 0,2; y = 0,l.
0,4y.3 = 0,144=>y = 0,12 (nA,2(s04)3 =0,4.0,12 = 0,048 (mol) Ma a=l,5x + 3 y = l , 5 . 0 , 2 + 3 . 0 , l = 0,60(mol)
£iap an dung la D.
^ * "NaOH > 3 " A I ( O H ) , ^ A ^ O H ) ^ bj hoa tan bdt:
342
Thidu 14: Cho V lit dung dich NaOH 2M vao dung dich chiJa 0,1 mol A K ( S O ^ jfii du 16: Tr6n dung dich chUa a mol A I Q , voi dung djch chua b mol NaOH.
va 0,1 mol H,S04 de'n khi phan umg hoan loan, thu diroc 7,8 gam kfi't tua. Gjj De thu duoc ket tiia thi cdn c6 ti le
tri \6n nha't cua V d^ thu diroc lirong ke't tua o trfin la A. a : b < l : 4 . B. a : b = 1 : 5. C. a : b = 1 : 4. D. a : b > 1 : 4.
A. 0,05. B.0,45. C.0,25. D. 0,35.
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khojj^^
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Hu&ng ddn gidi
QdchJl
78
PTHH: AICI3 + 4NaOH ^ Na[Al(OH)4] + 3 N a a
Ke't tua thu duoc la AKOH),: nM,m,!,. = "AKOH), ^g" ^ ^"^"^^ a 4a
{)e'thu duoc ket tiia thi b < 4a hay a : b > 1 : 4.
» Thii tu cac phan ling xay ra nhu sau:
Dap an diing la D.
2NaOH + H2SO4 ). Na,S04 + 2H.O (1)
CdchJi
0,2 (mol) <- 0,1 (mol)
CAc PTPLT xay ra: AICI3 + 3NaOH > A l ( O H ) 3 i + 3NaCl (1)
6NaOH + A1,(S04)3 > 2Al(OH)3 + 3Na.S04 (2)
a 3a a (mol)
0,6 (mol) 4 - 0,1 (mol) ^ 0,2 (mol)
Al(OH)3 + NaOH > Na[Al(OH)4] (2)
Vi nA,(OH)3(thud.oc) = 0,1< 0,2 (mol) nen:
a (b - 3a)
j f' Al(OH)3 + NaOH > Na[Al(OH)4] (3) De thu duoc ket tiia thi 0 PTPLT (2) phai con du Al(OH)3, tiic la
(0,2-0,1) ^ 0,1 (mol) a 1
Suy ra, t6ng s6 mol NaOH cdn dung: HNaOH = 0-2 + 0,6 + 0,1 = 0,9 (mol) a > ( b - 3 a ) => 4 a > b = > - > - = > a : b > l : 4 .
0 9 b 4
Dap an diing la D.
Vay gia trj 16n nha't cua V: V „ „ = ^ = 0,45 (lit). Thi du 17: H6n hop X g6m Na va A l . Cho m gam X vao m6t luong du nuoc thi
Thi du 15: Cho h6n hop gdm Na va A l c6 ti le s6' mol tuong ung la 1 : 2 vao thoat ra V lit khi. Neu cung cho m gam X vao dung dich NaOH (du) thi thu
Dap an dung la B.
nu6c (du). Sau khi cac phan img xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc 8,96 lit khi H, (6 duoc 1,75V lit khi. Thanh phSn ph^n tram theo khoi luong ciia Na trong X la
dktc) va m gam chat ran khdng tan. Gia trj cua m la (biet cac the' ti'ch khi do 0 cung dieu kien)
A. 5,4. B. 7,8. C. 10,8. D. 43,2. A. 29,87%. B. 39,87%. C. 49,87%. D. 77,31%.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi Aj (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B)
Goi X la s6' mol Na => s6' mol A l la 2x. Goi X , y lin luot la so mol Na, A l trong m gam X.
* X + H20(du): j^v;;
Na + H , 0 > NaOH + -H, T '

PTPlT: Na + H,0 > NaOH + I/2H3T 2 ^
X X 0,5x(mol) X X 0,5x (mol)
2A1 + 2NaOH + 6H2O > 2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3H,t Al + NaOH +3H2O > Na[Al(OH)4] + 1,5H2T
Ban dSu: 2x x X X l,5x(mol)
Phan ling: x x l,5x(mol) (Dira vao thi nghiem sau, ta bie't duoc rang trong thi nghiem nay A l du, NaOH
Conlai x 0 l,5x(mol) he't).
Theo bai ra, ta c6: 0,5x + 1,5x = 0,4=> 2x = 0,4 => x = 0,2. X + NaOH (du): v'
v a y m = m^, = 0,2. 27 = 5,4 (g). Na + H , 0 ).NaOH + 0,5H,t
Dap an diing la A. X 0,5x (mol)
344 345
A l + NaOH,au, + HÔ > Na[Al(OH)4] + 1,5H.T " O H - = 2 § = 0,09 + ^ (mol)
y l,5y
n = 0,02. 2 = 0,04 (mol).
, 0,5x + l,5x V 1
Theo bai ra ta c6: — r T " = 7^;7r7 = 7 ^
0,5x + l,5y 1,75V 1,75 Al'* + 30H' > Al(OH)3 i
0,5x + 1,5y = 3,5x 1,5y = 3x ^ y = 2x.
0,04 > 0,12 (mol) • •
= i!^.,00% = - ^ . . 0 0 % = : ^ ^ = 29.87%. f)i thu diroc lugmg kd't tiia 1dm nha't thi A l ' * phai tao ke't tua h^t va khdng bj hoa
mX 23x + 2 7 y ' 23x + 27.2x
tan. Do do: 0,09 + ^ = 0,12 ^ — = 0,03 ^ m = 1,17 (gam).
Dap an dung A .
Thi du 18: Cho 200 m l dung dich A l C l , 1,5M tac dung v6i V l i t dung djch Dap an diing la D . ' • : ,,. ;r . s
NaOH 0 , 5 M , lirong ke't tua thu duoc la 15,6 gam. Gia trj 1dm nha't cua V la fhidu 20: Chia m gam A l thanh hai phSn b l n g nhau:
A . 2. B.2,4. C. 1,2. D . 1,8. . Phin m6t tac dung vdi lugmg du dung djch N a O H , sinh ra x m o l khi H j ;
(Trich Delhituyen sinh DH - CDkhoiB) . PhSn hai tac dung vdi lugmg du dung djch H N O 3 loang, sinh ra y mol k h i N j O
Hu&ng ddn gidi (san ph^m khiJr duy nha't). Quan he giua x va y la
S6' mol cac cha't: A. x = y . B. y = 2x. C. x = 2y. D . x = 4y.
(Trich De Ihi luyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
nA,c,3 - 0 , 2 . 1 , 5 - 0 , 3 ( m o l ) ; DAUOH), =^-0,2(mol)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
V C O gia trj 1dm nha't khi xay ra cac phan limg: Sad6 cac qua trinh:
Do do cac PTPLT: 2 H * + 2e > H2
AICI3 + 3NaOH > A l ( 0 H ) 3 i + 3NaCl

'f: 2x < X (mol)
0,3 0,9 0,3 (mol) +5 +1
2 N +8e > 2N
Al(OH)3 + NaOH > Na[Al(OH)4]
(0,3-0,2) 0,1 (mol) 8y < y (mol)
=> I n NaOH = 0,9 + 0,1 = 1,0 (mol) Tieo nguydn tac bao toan electron, ta c6: 2x = 8y =>x = 4y.
Dap an dung la D .
Thi du 21: Cho 150 m l dung djch K O H 1,2M tac dung vdi 100 m l dung djch
AICI3 n6ng d6 x mol/1, thu dugrc dung djch Y va 4,68 gam ke't tiia. Loai bo ke't
Dap an diing la A . tOa, them tie'p 175 m l dung djch K O H 1,2M vao Y, thu duoc 2,34 gam ke't
Thi du 19: Thfem m gam kali vao 300 m l dung djch chura Ba(OH)2 0,1M va tiia. Gia trj ciia x la
N a O H 0,1M thu duoc dung djch X. Cho tCr tit dung djch X \ho 200 m l dung A . 0,9 B.0,8 C. 1,0 D . 1,2
djch A1.(S04)3 0,1M thu duoc ke't tua Y . Di thu duoc luong kfe't tiia Y 1dm nhat
(Trich delhi luyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B)
thi gia trj cua m la
Hu&ng ddn gidi
A . 1,59. B. 1,95. C. 1,71. D. 1,17.
(Trich Delhi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi Al S6'moI cac cha't: n A i d , = 0,1.x ( m o l )
Huong ddn gidi

T N 1 c6: nôH = 0 , 1 8 ( m o l ) , n^.ô^)^ = ^ = 0,06(mol) '
),1 = 00,03
Theo bai la: nBa(OH)2 = 0.3- 0,1 , 0 3 (mol); n
n^ôH = 0,3. 0,1 = 0,03 (mol)
T N 2 c6: nôH = 0,21 (mol); n^,(o„)^ = 0,03 (mol)
nAi2(SO4)3 = 0'2-0.1 = 0 . 0 2 (mol)
Cty TMHHM'^ '• -X •• l' I. ;,„,•..,. \
Ta tha'y TN 2 s6' mol KOH da dung lorn ban TN 1, nhung thu duoc kd't tua ft
=> Co phan umg hoa tan kS't tua: Hu&ng ddn gidi ^
12 32 '
AICI3+3KOH ).Al(OH)3i + 3KC1 fheo bai ra: n^^^ = ^ ^ ' ^ =0,55 (mol)
' 0,09 < - 0,27 < (0,06 + 0,03) pTPU": X + dung djch NaOH du:
AlCl, + 4KOH >KAl(OH)^ + 3KC1 Ba + 2H20 - » Ba(OH); + H ^ f

62,844. m 62,844.m
» 0,03 <- (0,18 + 0,21-0,27) ,t
100.137 100.27
zi^n Aid;, =0,09 + 0,03 = 0,12 V .
'/ =>0,l.x = 0.12=>x = l , 2 . A l + NaOH + 3 H : 0 ^ NaAl(0H)4 +
Dap an diing la D. 37,156.m 1,5.37,156m

3. Cac bai tap tu luyen: 100.27 100.27
Cau 1: Tron m gam Ba va 8,1 gam b6t kim loai A l , r6i cho vao lirang HÔ (du), sau , 62,844m 1,5.37,156m ^ „
Tacd: +- =0,55 = > m = 21,8
phan ung hoan toan c6 2,7 gam chat ran kh6ng tan. Khi tr6n 2m gam Ba va 8,1 13700 2700
' gam A l rdi cho vao HjO (du), sau phan ling hoan toan thu duoc V lit khi H, 13 7 218 37 156
(dktc). Gia tri cua V la Suy ra: no. , = — ^ = 0 , l ( m o l ) ; n . , = — — — =0,3 (mol)
A. 11,20 B. 14,56 C. 17,92 D. 15,68 ^ 137 ^' 100.27 , ,
Hu&ng ddn gidi * PTPU: X + H 2 O du:
Ba + 2A1 + 8 H 3 O ^ Ba[AI(OH)4)2 + 4H, t
Chat ran kh6ng tan la Al => Khdi lugng Al phan ihig la 8,1 - 2,7 = 5,4(g)
0,1 0,3
. 5,4 0,1 0,2 -> 0,4 (mol)
• So mol Alphan ung la ^ = 0,2(mol).
27 Vay V = 0,4 . 22,4 = 8,96 (lit)
Ba + 2A1 + 8H20 -Ba Al(OH) Dap an diing la B.
Cau 3: Cho 0,5 gam hdn hop X gdm Li, Na, K vao nude thu duoc 2 lit dung djch
0,1^0,2(mol) 'J
CO p H = 12. Tr6n 8 gam hdn hop X va 5,4 gam b6t Al rdi tha vao nude d6'n phan
Vdri m (g) Ba c6 0,1 mol Ba => vdfi 2m (g) Ba c6 0,2 mol Ba. ung hoan toan cd V lit khi' thoat ra (dktc). Gia trj ciia V la
Ba + 2 H 2 O ^
0,2
2A1 +
^
8,1/27->0,15<0,2
Ba(OH)2 + H 2 t
0,2 ^
Vay V = (0,2 +0,45).22,4 = 14,56(1)

0,2(mol)
Ba(OH)2+6H20->BarAl(OH)
0,45(mol)
|
t 8,160.
m.
B. 11,648
Theo bai ra: pH = 12 ^ [ H ^
Vi V = 2Mlit(Li,^ Na,
n K )_+=2.10"^
OH
C. 8,064
=Hu&ng
lO'-M ddn
HoO - >= 0,02

=> gidi
+ (mol)
[OH ] = l O ' M
OH" + ^ H , t
D. 10,304
(U
Dap an diing la B.
=^ V H 2 ( 1 ) =0,02. ^ = 0 , 0 1 (mol)
Cau 2: Cho m gam h6n hop X gom Ba va A l (trong do A l chie'm 37,156% v^ kh^'
luong) tac dung vori HjO du thu duoc V lit khi (d dktc). Mat khac, nd'u cho a cd: 0,5 gam X -> 0,02 mol O H ' va 0,01 mol H ,
gam h6n hop X tren tac dung voi dung djch NaOH du thi thu duoc 12,32 li<
8 gam X ^ a mol OH" va b mol H ,
(d dktc). Gia tri cua m va V \in luot la
A. 19,1 va 10,08 B.21,8va8,96 C. 19,1 va 9,408 D. 21,8 va 10,08-
P a=8 . ^ =0,32 m o l ; b = 8 . ^ =0,16 mol
348,, „„.„,„
NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H j O
Al + OH" + 3 H 2 O [Al(OH)4]- + 3/2H2
X ^ X
0,2 0,32
NaAl(OH)^ + H Q Al (OH)^ + NaCl + H 2 O
0,2 ^ 0 , 2 0,3 (mol)
0,2 < - 0,2 <r- 0,2 ,
Vay = (0,16 + 0,3). 22,4 = 10,304 (lit)
=>x+0,2=0,9 =>x=0,7 :
Dap an diing la D. vay = (x + 0,7).40 = (0,3 + 0,7).40 = 40(g)
C a u 4: Cho dung dich h6n horp X g6m HCl I M va A l Q j 1,5M. Thi tfch dung die},
Dap an dung la C. ^ v •
h6n hop NaOH I M va KOH 2M nhilu nha't c ^ dung d^ khi cho vao 100 ,^1
dung
A.400djch
ml X thl thu duoc ml ke't tua Ik
7,8 gam
B. 150 C. 200 ml D.300 ml Chit y: Gia tri nho nha't cua m khi:
Hu&ng ddn gidi NaOH + HCl NaQ + H 2 O
Theobaira: nHci =0,1.1 =0,l(mol) = n^+ X ^ X
78 NaAl(OH)^ + H Q ->• A 1 ( 0 H ) 3 i +NaC[ + H j O

=nAia3 = 0,1.1,5-0,15(mol); n^j^QH)^ - ^ = 0,l(mol) 0,3 -> 0,3 ^ 0,3(>0,2)
^ ' "Al(Aia3) > "AI(AI(OH)3) ^ K ^ ^ ) 3 ^'"'^ ""^ ^'i f"^' P^^" tl'nh A l ( O H ) j + 3 H C l ^ A i a 3 + 3H20 ^
luong OH" lom nha't). (0,3-0,2)-^0,3
A l ' * + 30H" Al(OH)3
PTPlT: H" + OH" -> H , 0
0,15-). 0,45-^0,15 (mol) X + 0,3 + 0,3 = 0,9 X = 0,3
0,1 0,1 (mol)
9=^ mî„ = (x + 0,3).40 = (0,3 + 0,3).40 = 24(g)
Al(OH)3 + O H - >[A1(OH)^
Cau 6: H6n hop X g6m hai kim loai K va A l c6 khd'i luomg 10,5 gam. Hoa tan hoan
(0,15-0,1)^0,05 toan h6n hop X trong nu6c duoc dung djch A. ThSm tir tir dung djch H Q I M
Vav n = 0,1 + 0,45 + 0,05 = 0,6(mol) vao dung djch A: liic d5u khong c6 ket tiJa, khi them lOOmI dung djch HCl I M
OH (max) thl bat dSu CO ke't tua. Ti'nh thanh phSn % s6' mol ciaa cac kim loai trong X.
0,6 = 0,2 (lit) = 200 ml Hu&ng ddn gidi
>V =
1 +2 Dat X, y ISn luot la .s6' mol K, Al trong h6n hop.
Dap an diing la C 2K+2H2O ).2KOH + H 2 t (1)
cau 5: Hoa tan hoan toan 8,1 gam Al bang dung dich chiia m gam NaOH thu duett
dung djch X. Cho 900 ml dung djch HCl I M vao X thu duoc 15,6 gam ke't tua. X > X
Gia trj lorn nha't ciia m la 2AI + 2 K 0 H + 2H2O > 2 K A I O 2 + 3H2 t (2)
A. 32 B.60 C.40 D. 24
Hu&ng ddn gidi y y
Do X tan het => A l he't, KOH du sau (2)
Theo bai ra: " A I = = (mol); nHci =^ 0-9.1 = 0,9(mol)
Khi them HCl, ban dSu chua c6 ket tiia vi:
15,6
HCl + KOH(du) > KCI + H 2 O (3)
Ke't tua thu duoc la AROH),: n^,(oH)3 = ^ = ^"""'^
(x - y) <- (x - y) mol ••
2A1 + 2 N a O H + 6 H 2 O 2Na[Al(OH)4 + 3H,
Khi HCl trung hoa he't KOH thi bat dSu c6 ke't tua tao ra.
0,3 0,3 -> 0,3 (mol) I K A I O 2 + HCl + H 2 O > Al(OH)3 i + KCI (4)
X chira N a [ A l ( O H ) J(0,3 mol) va NaOH du (x mol) vay de trung hoa KOH du cdn 100ml dung djch HCl I M
=^nH2(2) = 0 , 4 - 0 , 3 = 0 , l ( m o l ) = nMg
Ta c6: nHci = " K O H C ? ) = X - y = 0,1.1 = 0,1 ( m o l ) (a) jCh6'i luomg ciia m 6 i k i m loai trong h6n hop:
Mat khac: 39x + 27y = 10,5 (b) mMg=0,1.24 = 2,4(gam)
Tir (a, b) giai ra: X = 0,2; y = 0,1
mî =0,2.27=5,4(gam)
Vay % so mol cac kirn loai trong h6n hop X :
9: CTio 13,5 g A l tan trong dung djch N a O H nong, du.
0,2.100% ...nc!
%x\y: =— = 66,67% g) Vifi't phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia phan ihig dudri dang phan tir va ion thu gon.
^ 0,2 + 0,1 (,) Tinh the tich khi H , bay ra b 735 m m H g va 22,5''C.
% n A, = 1 0 0 - 6 6 , 6 7 = 33,33%.
Huong ddn gidi ;
Cau 7: Cho 31,2 gam h6n hop b6t A l va A l A tac dung voi dung dich NaOH du thu
3) 2A1 + 2NaOH + 2H2O >• 2NaA102 + 3H2t
duoc 13,44 lit H , a dktc. Khd'i luong tCmg chat trong h6n hop ban ddu ISn luot la:
A . 16,2 gam va 15 gam B. 10.8 gam va 20,4 gam s natri aluminat
C. 6,4 gam va 24,8 gam D . 11,2 gam va 20 gam 2A1 + 20H- + 2H2O > 2AIO2 + 3H2t
Hudng ddn gidi ion aluminat
2A1 + 2 N a O H + 2H2O ^ 2NaA102 + 3H2 T b) Ta CO HAI = 0,5 (mol)
2A1 + 2 0 H - + 2 H . O > 2AIO2 + 3 H , t

Al.O, + 2NaOH 2NaA102 + * 0.5 mol 0,75mol
Suy ra, kh6'i luong m 6 i chat trong h6n hop ban
Ap dung c6ng thUc: ^ . ^ ^ V = M ^ 1 = Po"-22.4 T
m ^ i = 2 7 . 0 , 4 = 10,8(gam)
mA,203 = 3 1 , 2 - 1 0 , 8 = 20,4(gam) 760^751^^3^

Cau 8: Cho mot luong h6n hop M g - A l tac dung vdri dung djch H C I d u thu dudc
8,96 lit Ho. Mat khac, cho luong h6n hop nhu tren tac dung vdri dung dich NaOH Clu 10: Cho 4,005 g AICI3 vô 1000 m l dung dich N a O H 0 , 1 M . Sau khi phan ihig
du thi thu duoc 6,72 lit H . . Cac the tich khi dû do 0 dktc. xong thu duoc bao nhieu gam kfi't tiia?
Ti'nh khdi luong ciia m6i k i m loai c6 trong luong h6n hop da dung. A-1.56g B.2,24g C.2,60g D. l , 6 5 g
Hudng ddn gidi Hudng ddn gidi

8 96
"AICI3 = 7 ^ = ( m o l ) ; nâOH = 1 0,1 = 0,1 (mol)
So mol khi hidro: n H j = T r — = 0 , 4 ( m o l ) K
2A1 + 6HC1 > 2A1C1, + 3H2 (D AlQj + 3NaOH > Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl . (1)
0,03 0,09 0,03 (mol)
M g + 2HC1 > M g C l 2 + H2 (2)
Sau phan ting (1), n^^^, <,„ = 0,1 - 0,09 = 0,01 (mol) ' i ,
2Al + 2 N a O H + 2 H 2 0 > 2NaA102 + S H j t (3)
A1(0H)3 + N a O H > N a A l O , + 2H2O (2) '
6,72 0,01 0,01 (mol) •••:r
0,2 (mol) <- T T T = 0.3
22,4
" A I ( O H ) 3 c6n = - 0,01 = 0,02 (mol)
2 2.0,3 . . . ,^
" A I = 3"H20) = — = 0,2(mol) •ÂKOHh = 7 8 . 0 , 0 2 = 1,56 (g) '
Oap an dung la A .
^"H2(i)""H2(3)=0,3(mol)
• 353
C a u 11: C3io 5,4 g A l vao 100 ml dung djch K O H 0,2M. Sau khi phan ihig xay ^
iu 2: Chi dung dung djch K O H d^ phan biet duoc cdc ch&t ridng biet trong
hoan toan, th^ tich khi H , (dktc) thu duoc la ^ nhdm nao sau day?
A. 4,48 lit B. 0,448 lit C. 0,672 lit D. 0,224 lit '
A. Fe,Al203,Mg B. Mg,Al203,Al C. Zn,Al203,Al D. M g , K , N a
Hu&ng ddn gidi
5 4 (Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang • Kk&i A)
Theo bai ra: nôH = 0,1. 0,2 = 0,02 (mol); n^, = = 0,2 mol ^ Hu&ng ddn gidi
2A1 + 2KOH + in.O ^ 2KAIO2 + SH, ,, Chi dung dung djch K O H cd th^ phan biet duoc cdc chat: Mg, AI2O3, A l .
0,02 0,02 0,03 (mol) , Mg + K O H > khdng xay ra , ^. . -
= 22,4.0,03 = 0,672 (lit)
AI2O3 + 2 K O H + 3H2O 2 K [ A 1 ( O H ) J (tan)
Dap an diing la C .
2 A I + 2 K O H + 3H2O 2K[A1(OH)J+3H2 t
Dang 4: Bdi tap ve nhqn Met, tdch chat vd nude citng Dap an diing la B.
Jhidu 3: Mdt cdc nude cd chiia cac ion: Na* (0,02 mol), Mg-* ( 0 , 0 2 mol), Ca-*
1. L i thuyet van dung va phuotig phap giai:
* Nam viJng tinh chat ciia cac chat (xem phan li thuyd't) (0,04 mol), Q " ( 0 , 0 2 mol), HCO3 ( 0 , 1 0 mol) va SO^" (0,01 mol). Dun sdi
* Nude Cling la nu6c chiia nhiû cation Ca'*, Mg"*. Nir6c chiia it hoac khong chira c6c nude trtn cho ddn khi cac phan ling xay ra hoan to^n thi nude con lai
trong ed'e:
cac ion tren diroc goi la nuoc m^m.
- Nude Cling c6 tinh cihig tarn thdi: Chiia C:a(HC03)2 va Mg(HC03),. A. Cd tinh Cling tam thdi. B. L ^ nude m^m
- Ntrdc Cling cd tinh ciing vTnh cijfu: chiia cac mud'i clorua va sunfat ciia canxi va C. Cd tinh Cling toan phdn D. Cd tinh ciing vinh ciru
magie: CaCK, M g Q , , CaS04, MgS04. (Trich detuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
- Nirdc Cling cd tinh ciing toan phin: cd ca tinh ciing tam thdi va tinh ciing vTnh cihi. Hu&ng ddn gidi
- Cach lam mtm nude: La giam ndng do cac cation Ca"*, Mg^"^ trong nude ciing.
Khi dun ndng: 2HCOJ — ^ C O | " + CO2 t +H2O
+ Chuyen nhiing cation nay thanh hcrp chat khdng tan (phirong phap kd't tiia).
+ Thay the nhung cation nay bang nhCtng cation khac (phuong phap trao d6i ion). 0,1 ^ 0,05(mol)
2. C a c thi du minh hoa: M2^(Mg2*,Ca2*) + C02-^MC03i
Thi du 1: M6t loai nude ciing khi dun s6i thi mat tinh ciing. Trong loai nirdc 0,05 <- 0,05(mol)
Cling nay cd hoa tan nhOng hop chat nao sau day? Vi n 2+ (phan ling) < m 2+ (ban dû) = 0,02 + 0,04 = 0,06 mol
A. Ca(HC03)., Mg(HC03)2 B. Ca(HC03)2, MgCL M M
C. CaS04, MgCl, D. Mg(HC03)2, CaCl,. Trong nude vSn con Mg^^.Ca^"^ (cung vdi cac anion Cr,S04~) ndn nude
(Trich detuyen sinh Dai hoc nam 2013 - Khoijt con lai la nude cd tmh eiing vTnh cixu.
Hu&ng ddn gidi Dap an dUng la D.
Loai nude cutig do nude ciing tam thdi f^du 4: Day gdm cac chat dû cd the' lam mat tinh ciing tam thdi ciia nude la
=> ehiia cac mud'i Ca(HC03)2, Mg(HC03)2: A . HCI, NaOH, Na2C03. B. NaOH, Na3P04, Na2C03.
C. KCl, Ca(OH)2, Na2C03. D. HCI, Ca(0H)2, Na2C03
Ca(HC03), — ^ CaCOji + CO, + H2O
Mg(HC03)2 — ^ M g C O j i + CO2 + H2O Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dap an diing la A. fîrdc cd tinh Cling tam thdi chi chiia Ca(HC03)2 .Mg(HC03)2 '^"^ "^^'^
t'nh Cling cd thd' diing:
NaOH + C a ( H C 0 3 ) 2 - ^ C a C O j I +NaHC03 + H2O Cac P T P l / xay ra:
2NaOH + M g ( H C 0 3 ) 2 - ^ M g ( O H ) 2 i+2NaHC03 AI2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O > 2Na[Al(OH)4]
2Na3P04 + 3 C a ( H C 0 3 ) 2 ^ C a j ( P 0 4 ) 2 >!- +6NaHC03 Na[Al(OH)4] + C O , > Al(OH)3>|. +NaHC03 ' ' "
2Na3P04 + 3Mg (HCO3 \ Mg3 (PO4 )2 i +6NaHC03 2Al(OH)3 — ^ AI2O3 + SHjOt -ni'-Ât-,^^.^.-^
NajCOg + C a ( H C 0 3 ) 2 - > C a C 0 3 i +2NaHC03 vay de thu dupe AI2O3 tir hOn hop AI2O3 va FcjOj c&i dung Mn luot eac dung
djch NaOH (du), khi CO2 (du), r6i nung nong.
N a j C O , + M g ( H C 0 3 ) 2 - > MgCOj i+2NaHC03
£)ap an diing la A .
Dap an dung la B. ' Thidu 7: Hai chat dupe diing de lam m^m nude ciJng vTnh cihi 1^
Thi du 5: M6t mSu niroc ciJng chiia cac ion: Ca^^ Mg^*, H C O 3 , CI", SO 4" . Chat A. Na2C03 va Na3P04. B. Na2C03 va Ca(OH)2.
dupe diing d^ lam mim mSu nu6c ciimg trfin la v C. N a Q va Ca(OH)2. D. Na2C03 va HCl.
A.Na.CO,. B.HCl. C . H2SO4. D . NaHC03. (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khd'i A)
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH • CD khoi B) Hu&ng ddn gidi
Hu&ng ddn gidi Hai chat dupe diing di lam m^m nu6c ciing vTnh eiitu la Na2C03 va Na3P04:
Ca-^ + C O ^ - > CaC03 i
MSu nu6c cumg chiia: Cs?\, CI", SO 4" => mSu nu6c ciing c6 tinli
cumg toan phan. 3Ca-^ + 2 P O ^ - > Ca3(P04)2 4,

Di. lam mem (loai ion Ca"*, Mg"*) c6 the dung N a j C O j :
Mg-^ + CO|- > MgC03 i
(Na2C03 > 2Na" + CO^-)
3Mg-^ + 2 P O ^ - >Mg3(P04)2i /:
Ca^* + C O f CaC03i
Dap an diing la A .
Mg-" + CO^" MgC03>l
3. Cac bal tap tu luyen:
Dap an diing 1& A . Cau 1: D ^ phan biet b^n dung dich ridng biet: NH3, NaOH, BaCl2, NaQ bang
Thidu 6: Di thu dupe AUO, tir h6n hop AI2O3 va Fe203, ngucri ta Un lupt phuong phap hoa hpc, eo the' dung dung dich
f
A. dung dung dieh NaOH (du), khi CO2 (du), r6i nung nong. .CuS04 B.FeClj C . H2SO4 D. AgNOj
B. dimg dung djch NaOH (du), dung dich H Q (du), rdi nung nong.
C. diing khi CO b nhiet dp cao, dung djch HCl (du).
Hu&ng ddn gidi
D. dung H2 o nhiet d6 cao, dung djch NaOH (du).
Chpn thu6c thiJ la dung dich CUSO4.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khdijl
Cho mOt It cac mSu thijr vao dung djch CUSO4 rieng biet:
Hu&ng ddn gidi
+ M5u tao ket tua, sau do ke't tiia tan => mSu thijf chiia NH3:
So d6 phan utig:
2NH3 + 2H2O + CUSO4 -> Cu(OH)2 i + (NH4)2S04
Na A l ( O H ) J ( t a n ) Fe203 (r)
+NaOH Cu(OH)2 + 4 N H 3 - > [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2
Fe203 Fe203 i • Na A l ( O H ) , l ( d d ) + MSu tao ra ke't tua mau xanh => mSu thi^ chiia NaOH:
2NaOH + CuS04 -> Cu(OH)2 4 +Na2S04
Xanh
Al,03 Al(OH)3i ^ - ^ ^
+ M5u tao ra ke't tiia mau trSng => m5uthiJfchi}aBaa2.
BaCl2 + CuS04 BaS04i+2Naa ^ '
356 TVang
+ MSu khdng c6 hifin tircmg gl => mliu chiia N a Q Cî 4: Chi dung them quy t i m , bang phuomg phap hoa hoc c6 thi phan biet duoc
Dap an dung \h A . cac dung djch rieng biet trong day nao sau day?
C a u 2: M 6 t loai nude ciing chiia cac ion: Ca'*, Mg""^, HCO3", CF. lam giam tf,^|^ A. A l C l , , N a N O , , N a O H , BaCl, B. CaCl,, NajCO,, NH4CI, N a O H
Cling cua loai nude ciing nay t6't nha't ta ddng C. NaCl, BaCNO,):. N a O H , HCl D. N a O H , N a N O , , Na2S04, NH4CI
A . dung dich NaOH B. dung dich NajCO, Hu&ng ddn gidi
C . each dun s6i D. dung dich H Q , Chi dung quy ti'm cd the' nhan biet duoc cac dung dich trong d a y C a Q
NajCOj, NH4Cl/NaOH. "
Hu&ngddngidi
+ NH4CI (dd): Lam quy tim hoa do *
lam m^m nu6c ciing nay ta dung NajCOj:
NH4CI^NH;+Cr iJ.
f Ca-^ + C O ^ - ^ CaCOj i
NH;<ziNH3+H+
Mg'* + C0|--> MgCO,;
CaCKCdd): khdng d6i mau quy tim (cac ion Ca^^ CI" la ion trung tinh).
Dap an diing la B . N a O H ; Na^CO,: lam quy t i m hoa xanh
Ckn 3: Co 4 c6'c dung iSn luot: nu6c ca't, nude ciing tarn thcfi, nude ciing vinh cihi
va nu6c ciing toan ph^n. Ne'u chi dung them dung dich NajCOj thi c6 t h i nhan NaOH->Na^+OH"
ra t6i da bao nhieu c6'e trong s6' 4 c6'e trSn? Na2C03^2Na^+CO^"
A. 2 B. 1 C. 3 D. 4
Hu&ng ddn giai CO^~+ H20?riHC0J+OH"
Diing dung dich Na.COj c6 phan biet duoc 4 loai nu6c tren: + Cho CaCK vao 2 mSu lam quy tim hoa xanh (NaOH, Na2C03):
- Trich cac mhx thit. * M5u cho ke't tiia => NajCOj
- Cho dung djch Na.COj vko cac m5u thii: Na2C03+CaCl2->CaC03 i + 2 N a a
+ MSu kh6ng cho ket tiia => mSu nude cat * MSu con lai la N a O H
+ Cac mSu eon lai dû cho ket tiia: Dap an diing la B .
Ca-* + CO^- ^ C a C O j i CMJi A . Khdng phan biet duoc NaN03 va BaClz
C. Khdng phan biet N a Q va Ba(N03)2
Mg-^ + COf - ^ M g C O j i
D . Khdng phan biet NaN03 va Na2S04.
- Dun nong nhe 3 mSu nude ciing eon lai:
cau 5: De' tach A U O j ra khoi h6n hop g6m Cu(0H)2, AI2O3 ma khdng l^m thay d6i
+ MSu kh6ng cho ket tiia => mSu nude ciing vTnh cihi. khdi luofng cua no, ngudi ta chi cin dung
+ Hai m l u con lai d6u cho ket tiia: A. dung djch N a O H B. dung djch H Q
f Mg(HC03)2 MgCOji +C02t + H2O C. dung djch NH3 D. dung djch N a O H va dd H C l .
Hu&ng ddn gidi
* Ca(HC03)2 CaCOjl + C O , t + HÔ £)e tach AI2O3 ra khoi hdn hop vdi Cu(0H)2, chi dn diing dung djch NH3:
- Loc bo ket tiia trong hai mSu con lai, cho dung dich Na2C03 vao:
C u ( 0 H ) 2 + 4 N H 3 - ^ [ C u ( N H 3 ) J ( 0 H ) 2 (Tan)
+ M 5 u cho ke't tiia => mSu nude ciing to^n phSn:
AI2O3 + NH3 ( d d ) - » Khdng xay ra
CaCl, + Na^COj - > CaCOj i + 2NaCl
E>ap an diing la C .
CaS04 + Na,C03 - > CaC031 + Na2S04
^ " 6 : Trong cac dung djch: H Q . Na2C03, NaHS04, N a O H , B a a 2 , s6' dung djch
M g C l , + Na2C03 - > M g C 0 3 ; + 2Naa tac dung duoc vdi nude ed tinh ciing tam thdi la
MgS04 + Na2C03 - > M g C O j i + Na2S04 ^•3 B.4 C.5 D.2
M g - * + 2CO^- + 2H2O - > M g ( O H ) 2 i + 2HCOJ Hu&ng ddn gidi
+ M l u kh6ng cho ke't tiia => m l u nude ciing tarn thoi. ^wdc Cling tam thdi cd chiia Ca(HC03)2 va MgCHCOj).: Ca"", M g ^ ^ H C O J .
PTPLT: HCl +HCO3 - > C 0 2 t + H 2 0 + C r Q^M 9: Trong m6t c6c nude c6 chiia 0,01 mol Na* 0,02 mo Ca"*, 0,01 m o l M g - * ,
0,05 mol H C O , " , 0,02 mol C I . Nude trong c6'c thu6c loai nao? ;
N a j C O , + Ca^"" ^ CaCOj i + 2Na^ Nude cirng c6 ti'nh eutig tarn thcfi ;
NajCOj+Mg2+->MgC03 4+2Na+ g. Nudrc cutig C O tinh cihig vTnh cihi j
C Nuoc cirng c6 tinh cihig toan ph^n ,| >,
N a H S 0 4 + H C O 3 - > N a * + C O 2 + H 2 0 + SO^" p . Nuoc mem
NaOH+HCOJ-^Na^+CO|"+H20 V Hu&ng ddn gidi
V i nude trong c6'c chiia Ca"*, M g " * => Nuoc ciing.
2NaOH + M g ^ ^ - ^ M g ( O H ) 2 4 + 2Na*
Miroc Cling vira chira Q , vira chiia H C O 3 => Nu6c ciing toan phdn.
BaCl 2 : kh6ng phan ling
Pap an diing la C.
Dap an dung la B.
Cû 10: Viet phuorng trinh hoa hoc cua phan ling d^ giai thi'ch viec dung Na3P04
Cau 7: Co 3 goi b6t t r l n g kh6ng ghi nhan: (1) N a Q va K C l ; (2) Na2C03
lam m^m nude ciing c6 tinh ciing toan phSn.
K2CO3, (3) MgS04 va BaQ.. K h i chi dung them 1 chat nho trong s6' cac chat sau
Hu&ng ddn gidi
day thi khong phan biet duoc 3 goi bot trang tren bang phuong phap hoa hoc?
Lam m^m nude ciing toan phdn bang Na3P04
A . dung dich H C l B. HÔ
C. dung dich Ba(OH), D . dung djch H2SO4 3 C a ( H C 0 3 ) 2 + 2Na3P04 > Ca, ( P 0 4 ) 2 i + 6 N a H C 0 3
Hu&ng ddn gidi
I 3 M g ( H C 0 3 ) 2 + 2Na3P04 > Ug^ { ^ ^ \ +6NaHC03
K h i sir dung m6t trong cac thu6'c thir la dung dich H C l , H2O hoSc dung dich
H2SO4 deu C O the' phan biet duoc 3 goi b6t trang tren. I 3 C a C l 2 + 2Na3P04 > C a , ( P 0 4 ) 2 i +6NaCl
- Chi dung dung djch Ba(OH)2:
* 3 M g C l 2 + 2Na3P04 — ^ M g 3 ( P 0 4 ) 2 i + 6 N a C I '
Ba^* + SO4' > BaS04 i (trSng)
3CaS04 + 2Na3P04 > Ca^ ( P O 4 )^ i +3Na2S04
Ba^^ +CO3" >BaC03 i (trang)
Kh6ng the phan biet duoc 2 ke't tua trang nay nen kh6ng phan biet duoc hai goi 3MgS04 + 2Na3P04 > M g 3 ( P 0 4 ) 2 i +3Na2S04
b6t tan d i u la (Na2CO., va K2CO3) va (MgS04 va B a Q , ) . C4u U : Co 2 lo kh6ng ghi nhan dung dung dich AICI3 va dung djch N a O H . Kh6ng
Dap an diing la C . dung them chat nao khac, lam the nao de' nhan biet m6i cha't.
CM v: K h i hoa tan h6n hop bot MgS04 va BaCU. vao nu6c hoac dung djch cac Hu&ng ddn gidi
chat thi xay ra phan limg trao doi ion trong dung djch tao ra ke't tiia trang: Cho ra't tir tir dung djch nay vao dung djch kia:
BaClj + M g S 0 4 >BaS04 i + M g C l j + Ne'u la dung djch A l C l , vao dung djch N a O H thi luc dSu chua c6 ke't tua, sau
"161 luc mdi c6 ke't tiia xua't hien.
cau 8: M 6 t loai nu6c ciimg chila d6ng then Ca(HC03)2, CaCL, MgS04. De lam
+ Ne'u la dung djch NaOH vao dung djch A I Q , thi c6 ke't tiia ngay, sau d6 ke't
giam tinh cumg ciia loai nuoc ciing nay ta cin diing them hoa chat la tua bj tan.
A . dung djch H C l . B. dung djch BaCl,.
PTHH: AICI3 + 3NaOH > A\{OH)^ i + 3NaCl
C. Na3P04. D . CHjCOONa.
Hucmg ddn gidi A l ( O H ) 3 + NaOH > NaA102 + 2H2O
D ^ lam m i m nu6c Cling (loai bo ion Ca^^, M g ^ ^ ) c6 t h ^ dung N a 3 P 0 4 : 12: Co 4 mau bot k i m loai Na, A I , Ca, Fe. Chi dung nude lam thud'c thijr thi s6
'îrn loai c6 the' phan biet duoc td'i da la bao nhieu?
3 C a 2 * + 2P0^- > Ca3 {^^î
I B.2 C.3 D.4
3 M g ' * +2P0^- > Mg3(P04)2 i Hu&ng ddn gidi
^ h i dijng nude c6 the' nhan biet duoc 4 k i m loai. Cho cdc k i m loai vô nudc:
Dap an dung la C .
- Phan ung manh, c6 khi thoat ra nhanh, dung djch trong su6't => kirn loai Na - Dung them nude.
- Phan ihig manh, c6 khi thoat ra nhanh, dung djch trSng due => Kim loai Ca Cho H2O vao cac bdt:
- Dung dung djch NaOH cho tac dung vdti 2 kim loai con lai. + B6t bj tan CaO: CaO + H 2 O > Ca(OH)2
+ Kim loai bj tan, c6 khi => Kim loai Al.
+ Kh6ng tan => MgO, AI2O3 ; / . .
+ Kim loai kh6ng phan ung => Kim loai Fe.
Cho dung djch CaCOH), vô 2 b6t con lai:
PTHH: 2Na + 2H20 > 2NaOH + H2 T
+ B6t bj tan => A I 2 O 3 , V J T ' i , ; i-l r
Ca + 2H20 > Ca(OH)2 i + H 2 t
AI2O3 + Ca(OH)2 > Ca(A102)2 +
2A1 + 2 N a O H + 2 H 2 O > 2NaA102 + 3H2 t + B6t kh6ng tan => MgO.
Dap an dung la D. 14: Chi dung them thudc thir nao cho dirori day c6 th^ nhan bie't dugc 3 lo m&
Cau 13: Chi dung them m6t hoa chat, hay phan biet cac chat trong nhGng day sau nhan chiia cac dung djch: H2SO4, BaCU, Na2S04?
va vi6't phiromg trinh hoa hoc de giai thich. A.Quytim B. B6t kern.
a) Cac kim loai: A l , Mg, Ca, Na C. Na2C03 D. Quy tim hoac bdt kern hoac Na^CO,
b) Cac dung djch: NaQ, CaQ., AICI3 t Hu&ng ddn gidi
c) Cac chat bot: CaO, MgO, A K O j Dung quy tim, I^n luot cho quy tim vao 3 lo bj ma't nhan trdn, lo nao lam quy
Hu&ng dan gidi tim hoa do thi do la H2SO4; 2 lo con lai la B a a 2 , Na2S04.
Nhan biet cac chat: Tie'p tuc cho H2SO4 vira nhan ra phan umg vdi cac cha't vdri 2 lo trdn, ta nhan ra lo
a) Dung them hoa chat la H2O: ^ dimg dung djch B a a 2 do xua't hi6n ke't tiia trSng, I 9 con lai la Na2S04 do khdng
- Cho H2O vao cac kim loai thiy da'u hidu phan iJng
+ Kim loai tan nhanh, khi thoat ra manh, dung djch trong su6't => Kim loai Na. BaCl, + H2SO4 > BaS04 i + 2HC1
2Na + 2 H 2 O > 2NaOH + H 2 t Ddp an diing la A. ,
+ Kim loai tan nhanh, c6 khi, dung djch trSng due => Kim loai Ca Cto 15: Anion g6c axit nao sau day c6 th^ I^m m^m nir6c ciJng?
> ^ Ca + 2 H 2 O > Ca(OH)2 I + T
A. NOJ B. SO^- C. C I O 4 D. PO^-
TrSng Hu&ng ddn gidi
+ Hai kim loai kh6ng tan la A l , Mg.
Anion PO4" kd't tiia duo«c cac ion Ca"* va Mg"* ndn lam mim duoc nude c6 tinh
- Cho dung djch NaOH vô 2 kim loai con lai: Cling:
+ Kim loai tan, c6 khi => kim loai A l
3Ca-* +2 PO^- > Ca3(P04), i
2A1 + 2 N a O H + 2 H 2 O > 2NaA102 + 3H2 t
+ Kim loai khdng tan la Mg ,. , . I 3Mg-* + 2 PO^- > Mg3(P04)2 i

b) - Dung them N a X O , an dung ^ D.
- Cho Na^COj vao cac dung djch:
^*«» 16: Trong m6t dung djch c6 a mol Ca^*, b mol Mg-*, c mol CI", d mol H C O 3 .
+ Dung djch c6 kd't tija trang xua't hiSn => CaCU: 8iû thu-c lien hd giOa a, b, c, d la:
Na2C03 + CaCl2 > CaCOj i + 2NaCl A.a + b = c + d B. 2a + 2b = c + d
Trang C. 3a + 3b = c + d D. 2a + c = b + d
+ Dung djch c6 khi thoat ra, c6 kd't tiia trang :=> A l Q j : Huang ddn gidi
3Na2C03 +2AICI3 + 3 H 2 0 ^ 2 A 1 ( 0 H ) 3 i + 3 C O 2 t + 6 N a C l jrong m6t dung djch trung hoa v6 didn, t6ng s6' mol di^n tich duong bing tdng
^ mol dien tich am, nfin ta c6: 2a + 2b = c + d
+ Dung djch con lai la NaQ. T^P an dung la B.
Huong ddn gidi
C a u 1 7 : Trong nude t u nhiSn thiromg c6 13n m6t luong nho cac mu6'i CaCNOj)
Tn'ch 3 mSu thijr t£f ba chat ran, Idn luot cho K O H phan utig vdi 3 m i u cha't rSn trSn:
Mg(NO,)2, Ca(HCOi):, Mg(HCO,,),. Co th^ dung dung djch nô sau day di IQ^
jslhan ra M g VI khdng tha'y phan utig
d6ng thcfi cac cation trong cac mu6'i trdn ra khoi nude?
, A . Dung dich N a O H B. Dung djch K , S 0 4 jslhan ra A l v i tha'y chat rSn tan ddn d6ng thdi c6 khi thoat ra:
•
C. Dung djch N a j C O , D . Dung djch N a N O j . 2 K O H + 2A1 + 2 H , 0 > 2KAIO2 + 3 H , t
Hu&ngddngidi Chat ran con lai la A U O j , tan trong K O H nhung khong tha'y siii bot k h i :
Dung dung djch NajCO,: 2 K O H + AI2O3 >2KA10, + H,0 ^ -^^^^^^^^^
£)ap an dung la B. tiiin'i'
Na.CO, >2Na*+CO^"
cau 21: Cac dung djch ZnS04 va A I C I , dû kh6ng mau. Da' phan biat 2 dung djch
K Ca-*+ CO\ C a C O j i ij^y CO tha' dung dung djch ciia chat nao sau day?
^ Mg-*+CO^- > MgCOji A. N a O H B. HNO3 C. H Q D. N H , .

Hu&ngddngidi
Dap an diing la C.
Dung dung djch NH3:
Cau 18: Co the' bo ti'nh ciing tam thoi cua nu6c bang each dun s6i v i If do nô sau day?
A . Nudfc s6i a nhidt d6 cao (a 100°C, ap sua't khi quyd'n). AICI3 + 3NH3 + 3 H , 0 - — > A l ( O H ) 3 i + 3NH4CI
B. K h i dun soi da lam tang d6 tan cua cac chat kd't tua. (kh6ng tan trong N H , du)
C. K h i dun s6i cac chat khi hoa tan trong nu6c thoat ra.
ZnS04 + 2NH3 + 2H2O — > Z n ( O H ) , 4- + (NH4),S04 '
D. Cac mu6'i hidrocacbonat ciia canxi va magie bj phan hiiy boi nhift de tao k^t tiia.
Z n ( O H ) , + 4NH3 [Zn(NH3)4](OH),
Hu&ng ddn gidi
(tan)
K h i dun s6i nu6c c6 tinh cutig tam thcfi thi cac mu6'i hidrocacbonat ciia canxi va
Ddp an diing la D .
magie bj phan hiiy bcri nhi6t de tao kd't tua:
Cku 22: Co 4 kirn loai rieng biet la Na, Ca, Cu, A l . Hay nhan biat m 6 i k i m loai
Ca(HC03)3—^ CaCOji+C02t + H20 ^ bang phuong phap hoa hoc va vie't cac phucfng trinh hoa hoc.
Hu&ngddngidi
MgCHCO,).—^ M g C O j i H-CO^t + HP
- Dung H2O chia thanh 2 nhom k i m l o a i :
Cac cation Ca"*, M g - * ke't tiia he't ndn nu6c mat tinh cihig. I
+ Nhom (1) tan trong nude g6m Na va Ca, san ph^m la cac dung djch N a O H
Dap an diing la D . va Ca(OH)2:
Cau 19: Chi dung nuorc va dung djch HCl hay trinh bay each nhan bie't 4 chat rSn
2Na + 2H2O ——> 2NaOH + H,t
(dung trong 4 lo ridng biet): NazCO,, CaCO,, N a , S 0 4 , CaS04.2H20
Hu&ng ddn gidi Hi Ca + 2H2O > Ca(OH)2 + H2t
Cho vao nude ta duoc hai nhom c h a t : H & n g CO, nhan biet dung djch Ca(OH),, suy ra cha't ban ddu la Ca. K i m loai
Nhom 1: Tan trong nu6c la NaoCO, va Na2S04. Phan bidt 2 cha't n^y 1^ bang Bn lai la Na.
dung dich H C l . Tac dung vdri dung djch HCl la Na.COj (sui bot khO ; kh6ng tac B CO, + Ca(OH), > CaC03i+H,0
dung voi dung djch H C l la Na2S04.
K Nhom (2) kh6ng tan trong nude gom Cu va A l .
N a , C 0 3 + 2Ha > 2NaCl + CO, t + H20
Tpm loai nao a nhom (2) tac dung vdi dung djch N a O H tao bot k h i , k i m loai do
Nhom 2: K h 6 n g tan trong nudrc la CaCO, va CaS04.2H20. Diing dung dich A l . K i m loai con lai la Cu.
da' nhan ra CaCO, (c6 siii bot khi) con lai la CaS04.2H26.
2A1 + 2NaOH + 2H2O >2NaA102 + 3H,t
CaCOj + 2Ha > CaCl, + CO, t + HÔ
^'•23: Co 3 I9, mdi lo dung mot dung djch sau: BaOn, BaCNOj),, Ba(HC03)2. Chi
Cau 20: Chi dung hoa chat nao sau day c6 th^ phan biat 3 chSft ran \k M g , A l v^ Al:^?-
^ " n g thud'c thijf nao sau day cd the' nhan biat duoc cac dung djch tren?
A . Dung djch H C l B. Dung djch K O H
Quy t i m B. Phenolphtalein C. NajCOj D. AgNOj.
C. Dung djch N a Q D . Dung djch CuClj.
365
Hu&ng ddn gidi 1 jslhan ra Ca(N03)2 dung djch xua't hitn vin due:
Dung dung djch AgNOj: Ca(N03)2 + NaOH > CaCOH), + NaNO, '
- Trir6c hd't, dun nong cac dung dich, nhan ra Ba(HC03)3do c6 kd't tua xu^t hi^n- Chat con lai la NaN03 do kh6ng tha'y hifin tuong gi.
BaCHCOj), — ^ BaC03>l +CO,T + HÔ C&a 25: Trinh bay phuomg phap dieu che timg kim loai ri^ng bidt tir h6n hop nhOng
- Cho AgNO, vao 2 dung dich con lai , nhan ra BaCl, do xua't hidn kd't tiia, dun chat NaCl, AI2O3, MgC03.Vi6't cac phuong trinh hoa hoc.
djchconlailaBaCNO,),. ^ Hu&ng ddn gidi "
Diing nude tach duoc NaCl. C6 can dung djch duoc NaCl ran. Didn phan NaQ
2AgN03 + Baa, -> 2AgCU + BaCNOa)^
Jjytdng chay, diroc kim loai Na.
Dap an dung la D. .fe^t ^,
Cau 24: Bang nhirng phan iJng hoa hoc nao c6 phan bifit diroc cdc chSt trong B 2NaCI —Ê2L_> 2Na + CK t
m6i day sau: ^R>ung dung djch NaOH du, tach duoc chat r l n MgC03 va dung djch NaAlO,.
a) Cac kim loai: A l , Mg, Ba, Na. H i . Til MgCOj diû chS' duoc kim loai Mg theo so 66 chuyd'n hoa :
b) Cac dung djch mu6'i: NaCl, BaCNO,),, AUCSOJ,
c) Cac oxit: CaO, Feo, AUO,. H< MgCO, — M g O > MgCK 'P"^ > Mg
d) Cac dung djch: NaNO,, CaCNO,),, AKNO,),. MgCO, MgO+ C02t
Hu&ng ddn gidi
• | M g O + 2HCI > MgCK + H2O
a) Dung H2O chia diroc 2 nhom kim loai:
- Nhom I gom Na va Ba, do tan trong HjO: H MgCl. >Mg + CUT V
Tir natri aluminat dieu che kim loai A l theo so d6 chuyfin h6a :
2Na + IH.O > 2NaOH + H^T
Ba + 2H2O > Ba(OH)2 + H ^ t • | NaAlO, > A l ( O H ) 3 ^ ^ AUO, '^P"" > A l
Nhan biet diroc Ba do dung dich khi hoa tan n6 vao nuofc tao kfit tiia vdri ion
H NaA102 + CO2 + 2H2O — ^ AKOH)3 i + NaHC03 w
' coj-
2Al(OH)3 AI2O3 + 3H2O
Ba(0H)2 + Na^CO, > BaCOj i + 2NaOH
- Nhom 2 kh6ng tan trong nude g6m A l va Mg, nhan bid't kim loai A l trong nhom (Hp AI2O3 ^""^ > 2Al + 3 0 2 t
2 bang dung dich NaOH.
2A1 + 2NaOH + 2H2O > 2NaA102 + SH.T Hr Dang 5: Bdi tap ve PTHH vd cau hoi li thuyet
b) Nhan bia't Al2(S04)3 bang dung dich NH3, sau do nhan bid't Ba(N03)2 bang dung
thuyet van dung va phuong phap giai: >
dich mu6'i cacbonat, con lai la dung djch chiia NaCl.
Nam vUng tinh chat ciia cac chat.
Al2(S04)3 + 6NH3 + 6H2O > 2A1(0H)3 i + 3(NH4),S04 Bid't phuong phap didu che cac chat.
Ba(N03)2 +Na2C03 > BaCOii + 2NaN03. Nh6 tinh chat vat l i , ung dung ciia cac chat.
c) Dung H2O nhan biet CaO, dung djch NaOH nhan bid't AKOj. cha't con lai la FeO.
^' Cac thi du minh hoa;
CaO + H20 ).Ca(OH)2
^ftidu 1: Day cac chat ddu tac dung duoc vori dung djch BaCHCOj), la
AI2O3 + 2NaOH > 2NaA102 + H , 0 A. HNO3, NaCl va Na2S04 B. HNO3, Ca(OH): va KNO3
d) Dung dung djch NaOH Idn luot thCr vd'i cac dung djch trtn: C. NaCl, Na2S04 va Ca(OH)2 D. HNO3, Ca(OH): va Na2S04.
- Nhan ra diroc A1(N03)3 do tao k^'t tua, sau do kd't tiia tan trong dung djch
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khoi A nam 2013)
du:' ' •
Jk Hu&ng ddn gidi
A!(N03)3 + 3NaOH > Al(OH)3 i + 3NaN03
• 5 t cac phucfng An:
Al(OH)3 + NaOHd„ > NaAlO, + 2H2O
•I 367
A. Loai VI NaQ (kh6ng phan utig)
fhi ^' diing?
B. Loai VI KNO, (kh6ng phan u-ng)
^ , Tat ca cac hidroxit ciia kim loai nhom IIA dû d l tan trong nu6c. ?
C. Loai VI NaCl.
B. Trong nhom l A , tinh khir ciia cac kim loai giam din tir L i ddn Cs.
D. Thoa man. PTHH:
C. Trong hop chat, tat ca cac kim loai ki^m dû c6 s6' oxi h6a +1.
2HNO3 + Ba(HC03)2 -> Ba(N03)2 + ICO. + 2H.O
p . Tat ca cac kim loai nhom IIA diu c6 mang tinh th^ lap phuong tam kh6i.
Ca(OH)2 + BaCHCOj). BaCO, + CaCOj + 2H,0
(Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang Khd'i A)
Na,S04 + Ba(HCO,), - » BaS04 + ZNaHCOj Hu&ng ddn gidi
Ddp an diing la D.
W^6m IIA c6: Mg(OH)2 , Be(OH)2 kh6ng tan. •
Thi du 2: Cho so d6 phan ting: AK(S04), X -> Y -> A l Nhom l A , tinh khir tang ddn ti^ Li dfi'n Cs.
Trong so do trdn, m6i mui ten la m6t phan ling, cac chat X, Y 15n luot |^ Trong hop chat, cac kim loai kiSm diu c6 s6'oxi h6a +1.
nhihig chat nao sau day? Cac kim loai nhom IIA c6 kiû mang luc phuong; Ca va Sr mang lap phuong
; A. NaAlO, va Al(OH)3 B. A1(0H)3 va NaAlOz tam diSn,...
C. A l , 0 3 va Al(OH)3 D. Al(OH)3 va AUO,
Phat biû diing la C. i.
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khd'i B nam 2013)
Pap an diing Ik C. f • 1
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Thi du 5: Cho day cac chat: A1,A1(0H)3, Zn(0H)2, NaHCOj, Na2S04. S6'
So do phan umg: Al2(S04)3 -> AKOH), -> A I 2 O 3 Al
chat trong day vira phan ling duoc vdi dung djch HCl, viTa phan ling duoc vod
PTHH: A1,(S04)3 + 6NaOH -> 2Al(OH)3i + 3Na,S04
dung dich NaOH la
2AI(OH)3 AlA + 3H,0 A . 3. B.5. C.2. D.4.
2AI2O3 -> 4A1 + 3O2 (dian phan nong chay) (Trich dethi tuyen sinh DH khd'i A)
Vay X, Y l^n luot la Al(OH)3; AI.Oj. Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dap an diing la D. Cac chat vira tac dung vdi dung djch H Q , vira tac dung vdfi dung djch NaOH Ik:
Thi du 3: Thuc h\tn cac thi nghidm sau: - Cac chat CO tinh lu5ng tinh (A1(0H)3 ;Zn(0H)2 .NaHCOj)
(a) Cho A l vao dung dich HCl
- M6t s6' kim loai nhu nh6m (Al)
(b) Cho Al vao dung djch AgNOj
=i> CO 4 cha't.
(c) Cho Na vao H.O Dap an diing la D. ;
(d) Cho Ag vao dung dich H2SO4 loang
Trong cac thi nghiem tren, so thi nghifim xay ra phan ling 1^ Chu v: A l + NaOH + 3 H 2 0 ^ N a A l ( O H ) ^ + | H 2
A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 3
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoi B nam 20j]l NaHCOj + NaOH->Na2C03 + H2O
Hu&ng ddn gidi Z n ( 0 H ) 2 + 2 N a O H - > Na2Zn(0H)^
PTHH: (a) 2A1 + 6HC1 -> 2AICI3 + 3H3 A l ( O H ) 3 + N a O H - > NaAl(OH)^

(b) Al + 3AgN03 -> 3Ag + A1(N03)3 ^hidu 6: Cho so d6 chuyen hod sau:
(c) 2Na + 2H2O ^ 2NaOH + H ,
CaO—^CaCl2 >Ca(N03)^ )CaC03
=> Co 3 thi nghiam xay ra. ^
C6ng thiic ciia X, Y, Z \in luot Ik:
I
Dap an diing la D ^
A. HCl, HNO3, Na^COj B. CAj, AgN03. MgCOj
368 It. HCl, AgNOj, (NH4)2C03 (Trich

D. C^^,
de tuyen
HNO3, Cao dang khdJ369
sinhCO^. A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi •j^du 9: Hgrp chat nao cua canxi dupe dung M due tirgng, bo b6t khi gay
PTHH: CaO + 2 H C l ^ C a C l 2 + H 2 0 xircmg'
(X) V6i s6rig (CaO). B. Thach cao s6'ng ( C a S 0 2 . 2 H 2 0 ) .
C. Da v6i (CaCO,). D. Thach cao nung (CaS04.H20).
CaCl2 + 2AgN03 ^ C a ( N 0 3 ) 2 + 2AgCl 4^ '
(Trich de tuyen sinh Dai hoc khd'i A)
(V) Hu&ng ddn gidi
Ca(N03)2 + ( N H 4 ) 2 C 0 3 -> CaCOj + 2 N H 4 N O 3 Thach cao nung (CaS04.H20) dupe diing d^ due tupng, bo b6t khi gay xuong.
(Z) pdpdn dung la D.
Dap an dung la C.
Thidu 10: Tie'n hanh eac thi nghiem sau:
Thidu 7: Tie'n hknh cdc thi nghidm sau:
(1) Sue khi HjS vao dung djch FeS04 (1) Cho dung dieh NaOH vao dung djch Ca(HC03)2.
(2) Sue khi H 2 S vao dung dieh C U S O 4 (2) Cho dung dieh HCl tdi du vao dung dieh NaA102(hoac Na[Al(0H)4]).
(3) Sue khi C O 2 (du) vao dung dieh NajSiO,; (3) Sue khf HjS vao dung djch FeCU.
(4) Sue khi CO^ (du) vao dung dieh Ca(OH)2;
(4) Sue khi NH3 tdi du vao dung djch A l Q j .
(5) Nho tit tiir dung dieh NH3 de'n du vao dung dieh Al2(S04)3;
(6) Nho tir tif dung dieh Ba(OH)2 de'n du vao dung dieh Al2(S04)3. (5) Sue khi CO2 tori du vao dung djch NaA102(hoaeNa[Al(OH)4]). I
Sau khi eac phan ling xay ra hoan toan, s6' thi nghifem thu dirae ke't tua la: (6) 5uc khi etilen vao dung djch KMn04.
A. 3. B.5. C.4. D.6. Sau khi eac phan ixng ke't thiic, eo bao nhieu thi nghiem thu dupe ke't tua?
(Trich detuyen sink Cao dang khoi A) A. 3. B.4. C.6. D.5.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cae thi nghifim: H2S + FeS04-> khdng xay ra
Hu&ng ddn gidi
1) H2S + CUSO4 + H2O CuS i +H2SO4
PTHH:
2) CO2 + Na2Si03 + H2O -> H2Si03 i +Na2C03
1) NaOH + Ca ( H C O 3 \j i +NaHC03 + H.O
2CO2 +Ca(OH)2 ->Ca(HC03)2
0 4HC1 + NaA102-> NaCl + AICI3 + 2 H 2 O
3) 6 N H 3 + 6H2O + AI2 ( 5 0 4 ) 3 2A1(0H)3 i + 3 ( N H 4 ) 2 SO4
H2S + F e C l 2 -> Kh6ng xay ra (vi FeS tan trong HCl) t:'
4) 4Ba(OH)2 +AI2 ( 5 0 4 ) 3 - ^ . B a [ A l ( 0 H ) 4 ] ^ +3BaS04 ^
2) 3NH3 + 3 H 2 O + A I C I 3 - ^ A 1 ( 0 H ) 3 i +3NH4CI
Dap an dung la C .
3) C O 2 + 2 H 2 O + NaA102 A l ( 0 H ) 3 i +NaHC03
Thi du 8: Phen chua duoe dung trong nganh e6ng nghidp thu6c da, e6ng ngh'^r
gia'y, chat cim mhu trong ngknh nhu6m vai, cMt lam trong nude. C6ng th'.f' 4) 3CH2 = C H 2 + 2 K M n 0 4 + 4 H 2 0 - > 3 C H 2 ( O H ) - C H 2 ( O H ) +
hod hoc cua phen chua la
+2Mn02 4 + 2 K O H
A. Li2S04.Al2 (504)3.24H2O K 2 5 O 4 . A I 2 (504)3.24H2O
^.âpan dung la B. ^
C. (NH4)2S04.Al2 (504)3.24H2O ° - Na2S04.Al2 (504)3.24H2O
/ / ; Khi dien phan dung djch NaCl (cue am bang sat, cue duong bang
(Trich detuyen sink Dai hoc khajjl ^Pan chi, CO mang ngan x6'p) thi
Hu&ng ddn gidi
^- or circ duong xay ra qua trinh oxi hoa ion Na* va b cue am xay ra qua trinh
Phen chua la K 2 S O 4 . A I 2 ( 5 0 4 ) 3 •24H20 khiriona.
Dap an dung la B. ^ ^- or cue am xay ra qua trinh khir H2O va b cue duomg xay ra qua trinh oxi hoi
Chu v: Phen chua la mudl kep ngam nudc, d6i khi con duoc vi6i KAl (5O4 )2-^'^^' ion CI.
370
C. or cue am x^y ra qua trinh oxi hoa HÔ or circ diromg xay ra qui trinh khjjl 4) Zn(OH)2+2NaOH^Na2[Zn(OH)^
ion CI.
+ 5) NaHCOj + NaOH-»Na2C03 + H2O
D. a cue am xay ra qua trinh khir ion Na va 6 cue duong xay ra qua trinh oxj
6) A l 2 0 , + 2NaOH + 3 H 2 0 - > 2 N a [ A l ( O H ) /
hoa ion CI.
pap an dung la A.
(Trich detuyen sink Dai hoc khoj ^ -j^du 14: Cho cac chat: AI, AUO,, Al2(S04)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHS, K2SO3, (NH4)2C03.
Hu&ng ddn gidi S6 chat Aiu phan ung duoc vdri dung djch HCl, dung djch NaOH la
A. 5. B. 6. C.4. D. 7.
Cac qua trinh xay ra b cac didn cue khi difen phan dung djch NaCl:
Cue am: 2H2O + 2e -> 20H" + Hj (khir nudre)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
I Cue duong: 2Cr -> Clj + 2e (oxi hoa ion Q") pTPl/ ciia cac cha't vdri dung djch NaOH, dung dich HQ (nd'u eo):
Dap an dung la B. 2A1 + 2NaOH + 6H2O > 2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3H2t
Thldu 12: Phat biû nao sau day la sai? ~~~~ 2A1 + 6HC1 >2AlCl3 + 3H2
A. NajCOj la nguydn lidu quan trong trong e6ng nghiSp san xua't thuy tinh. AKO3 + 2NaOH + 3H,0 > 2Na[Al(OH)4]
B. Theo chieu tSng d^n eua diSn tich hat nhan, nhiat d6 nong chay eiia kim AK03 + 6HC1 > 2AICI3 + 3H3O
loai ki^m giam d^n.
A1,(S04)3 khong tac dung vdri HCl (chi tac dung vdri NaOH). >
C. d nhidt d6 thudng, tat ca cac kim loai ki^m th6 dû tac dung duoc vdi nude.
D. Nh6m b^n trong moi trucmg kh6ng khi va nude la do c6 mang oxit AlÔ, Zn(OH), + 2NaOH > Na,[Zn(OH)4] •.
b^n v&ng bao v6. Zn(OH)3 + 2 H a > ZnCU + 2H2O
(Trich de tuyen sink Dai hoc khoi B) NaHS + NaOH > Na.S + W.O
NaHS + HCl > NaCl + H,S
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cac kim loai kiam th6 (Be, Mg, Ca, ...) tac dung vdi nude trong nhung di6u kien kh6ng tac dung vdri NaOH (chi tac dung vdri HCl).
K2SO3
khae nhau: (NH4),CO, + 2NaOH > 2NH3T + Na^COj + 2H3O

+ Be: Kh6ng tdc dung (NH4).C03 + 2HC1 > 2NH4CI + CO, + H , 0
+ Mg: Chi tac dung khi a dang b6t vdfi hai nu6c. Vay cac chat vira tac dung vdi dung djch HQ, vira tdc dung vdri dung djch
+ Ca, Sr, Ba: Tac dung vdi nude a didu kidn thucmg. NaOH: Al, A! A-Zn(OH):, NaHS, (NH4)2C03 (5 chat).
=:> Phat biû C sai ^Dap an dung la A.
Dap an diing la C. du 15: Trong cac dung djch HNO3, NaQ, Na,S04, Ca(0H)2, KHSO4,
Thi du 13: Cho day cac chat: SiO,, Cr(0H)3, CrOj, Zn(0H)2, NaHCO,, AKO, Mg(N03)2, day g6m cac chat deu tac dung duoc vdi dung dich Ba(HC03)2 la
S6' chat trong d3y tdc dung duoc vdri dung dich NaOH (dac, nong) la A. HNO3, NaQ, H2SO4. V
A. 6. B.4. C. 5. D. 3. B. HNO3, Ca(0H)2, KHSO4, Na2S04. itv)
(Trich detuyen sinh Dai hoc khojjl C. NaCl, Na,S04, Ca(OH)2.
Hu&ng ddn gidi t>. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Hu&ng
Mg(N03)2.
ddn gidi
^ (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B)
Cdc chat tac dung duoc vdri NaOH (dac, nong): cac phuomg an:
2)
3)
1) Cr(OH)3
SCrOj
i O j ++22NaOH
Nâ O^^'^^
H -->> NNa2Cr04
- a> 2NSair0C3 r++(HOHjO
2H0 ) /
A . L o a i vi NaQ. + Ba(OH)2 + F e C l j > F e C O H ) , ! + BaCl2
B. T h o a man:
+ 3Ba(OH)2 + 2Cr(N03)3 > 2Cr(OH)3 + 3Ba(N03)2 /
2HNO3 + BaCHCOj), > BaCNOj), + 2CO,T + IHÔ 2Cr(OH)3 + Ba(OH)2 > Ba[Cr(OH)4]2 (tan)
Ca(OH)2 + Ba(HC03)2 B a C O j J . + C a C 0 3 i + 2H2O
+ Ba(OH)2 + K2CO3 >BaC03i + 2KOH . , ,
2 K H S O 4 + Ba(HC03)2 > BaS04i + K2SO4 + ICO.'l + 2H,o
+ 3Ba(OH)2 + 2A1(N03)3 > 2Al(OH)3 + 3Ba(N03)2 , •,
Na2S04 + Ba(HC03)2 > BaS04i + 2NaHC03
2 A l ( O H ) 3 + Ba(OH)2 > Ba[Al(OH)4]2 (tan)
C. Loai v i N a Q .
Co 3 ong nghiem c6 ke't tiia. ?:
D. Loai VI Mg(N03)2. ' -
Pap an dung la D .
Dap an diing la B .
fhidu 18: Thi nghidm nao sau day c6 kd't tiia sau phan ling?
Thi du 16: H6n hop X chu-a Na20, NH4CI, NaHC03 va BaCl2 c6 s6' m d ^
A. Cho dung dich N a O H de'n d u vao dung dich Cr(N03)3. < ^
chat dû bang nhau. Cho h6n hop X vao H2O (du), dun nong, dung djch thu
B. Th6i CO, den d u vao dung dich Ca(OH)2.
duoc chiia
C. Cho dung dich H Q den d u vao dung dich NaA102 (hoac N a [ A l ( O H ) 4 ] ) .
A . NaCl, N a O H , BaC^. B. N a Q .
D. Cho dung djch NH3 d6'n d u vao dung djch A l Q j .
C. N a O H , N a O H . D . N a Q , N a H C O j , NH4CI, BaCU.
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi B) (Tnch Delhi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B)
Hu&ng dan gidi Hudng ddn gidi
Goi s6' mol m 6 i cha't Ik x. + 3 N a O H + Cr(N03)3 > Cr(OH)3 + SNaNO,

Cac P T P L T xay ra:
NaOH(d„) + C r ( O H ) 3 > Na[Cr(OH)4] (tan)
NajO + H2O > 2NaOH
+ CO2 + Ca(OH)2 > CaCOj + H2O
X 2x
CO2 ,d„, + CaC03 + H2O > Ca(HC03)2 (tan)
NaHC03 + N a O H > NajCOj + H2O
+ HCl + Na[Al(0H)4] > A l ( O H ) 3 + NaCl + H j O
X X X
Na2C03 +Baa2 > BaCOji + 2 N a a 3HCl(d„) + A1(0H)3 % AICI3 + 3H2O (tan)
•! X X 2x + 3NH3,,,) + 3H2O + Aia3 — > Ai(OH)3 4 + 3NH4a ,,: J ),

__Dap an diing la D .
NaOH + NH4CI > N H 3 t + NaCl + H . O
Thidu 19: Thuc hi6n cac thi nghifem sau:
(2x-x) X X
(I) Cho dung djch NaCI vao dung djch K O H . ;
Vay dung dich thu duoc chi chiia N a Q .
(II) Cho dung djch Na2C03 vao dung djch Ca(0H)2.
Dap an dung la B.
(III) Dien phan dung djch N a Q vdi dien cue tro, c6 mang ngan.
Thi du 17: Co nam dung dich dung rieng bidt trong nam 6'ng nghiem:
(IV) Cho Cu(OH)2 vao dung djch NaN03.
.(NH4)2S04, FeCU, Cr(N03)3,'K2CO3, A1(N03)3. Cho dung dich Ba(0H)2
(V) Sue k h i NH3 vao dung djch N a N O j .
du vao nam dung dich trdn. Sau k h i phan ling k6t thiic, s6' 6'ng n g h i f m c6 k^'
I ( V I ) Cho dung djch Na2S04 vao dung djch Ba(0H)2
tiia la
I
I Cac thi nghidm diû che' duoc N a O H la:
A . 5. ' ' ^ B.2. C.4. D.3.
A . I I , I I I va V I . B. I I , V va V I . C. I , I V va V . D . I , I I va H I .
' ^- ^ ' (Trich De thi tuyen sink Dai hoc kho]^
.^^ (Trich Di thi tuyin sink Dai hoc khoi B)
Hudng ddn gidi
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Phan utig hoa hoc xay ra khi cho Ba(OH)2 tdi du vko cac dung dich trfin:
+ NaCl + K O H > khdng xay ra.
+ Ba(OH)2 + (NH4)2S04 > BaSOî + 2 N H 3 t + 2H2O
Hudrng ddn gidi
+ Na.COj + Ca(OH)2 > 2NaOH + CaCO, i
Co 3 chat do la:
+ 2Naa + 2H,0 > 2NaOH + Cl^T + H , t i M'I
SO3 + H2O + BaCl 2 > BaS04 i + 2HC1
+ Cu(OH)2 + NaNOj >• kh6ng xay ra.
Na2S03 + BaCl2 > BaS04 i + 2KC1 ^ .
r + NH3 + Na2C03 >• kh6ng xay ra.
K,S04 + BaCl, ). BaS04 i + 2KC1
+ Na2S04 + Ba(OH)2 > BaS04 i + 2NaOH ' « pap an dung la D.
i=> Cac thi nghiem diû che' duoc NaOH la I I , I I I , V I . j-ltidu 23: Cho day cac chat: NH4CI, (NH4)2S04, NaQ, MgCl,, FeCU, A I C I 3 . So
Dap an dung la A. ^ chat trong day tac dung vdi lirong du dung djch Ba(OH), tao thanh ket tua la
Thi du 20: Co th^ dung NaOH (or th^ rSn) d^ lam kh6 cac chat khi A. 4. B. 1. C.3. D.5.
A. N2, NO2, CO2, CH4, Hj. B. NH3, SO2, CO, CU. (Trich Delhi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
C.NH3,02,N2,CH4,H2. D. N , , a , , O2, CO., H , . Hu&ng ddn gidi
(Trich De thi tuyen sink Cao dang khoi A,
Cac chat do la:
Hu&ng ddn gidi
(NH4),S04 + Ba(OH)2 > BaS04 i + 2NH3 + 2H2O
' NaOH khan CO th^ lam kh6 cac khi NH3, O2, N2, CH4, H , .
MgCI, + Ba(OH), > Mg(OH)2 i + BaCU
Dap an dung la C.
Thi du 21: Cho so 66 phan ihig: FeCK + Ba(OH), > Fe(OH), i + BaCl,
Dap an dung la C.
NaCl ^ (X) ^ NaHC03 - > (Y) - > NaNOj.
C4u 24: Phat bie'u nao sau day diing?
XvaYcoth^la
A. Cac kim loai: natri, bari, beri deu tac dung vdi nu6c a nhidt d6 thucmg
A. NaOH va NaQO. B. NaOH va Na2C03.
I B . Kim loai magie c6 kieu mang tinh the lap phuwng tam dien
C. NaQOj va NajCOj. D. Na2C03 va NaClO.
f C. Theo chieu tang d^n ciia dien ti'ch hat nhan, cac kim loai kiem th6 (tir beri
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi 1)
den bari) c6 nhiet d6 nong chay giam d^n.
Hu&ng ddn gidi D. Kim loai xesi duoc diing de che tao te bao quang dien.
X va Y CO th^ la NaOH va Na2C03: (Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
NaCl > NaOH ^NaHCOj >Na2C03 ^NaNOj Hu&ng ddn gidi

NaCl + 2H,0 ' P ^ ' > 2NaOH + CI, + H^ Nhan xet:
m.n
Kim loai Be (nhom IIA) kh6ng tac dung vdi H , 0 0 bat ki diû kien nao.
NaOH + CO2 > NaHC03 Kim loai Mg (nhom IIA) c6 kiû mang luc phuong.
2NaHC03 '° > Na2C03 + CO, + H.O Cac kim loai kiem th6, do c6 kieu mang tinh the' kh6ng gi<5ng nhau nen cac tinh
chat vat li (nhu nhiet d6 nong chay, ...) bien d6i khdng c6 quy luat (kh6ng phai
hoac NaHC03 + NaOH > Na,C03 + H , 0 8'am ddn).
Na^COj + CaCNOj), > CaC03 + 2NaN03 Kim loai Cs (nhom l A ) c6 nang lirong ion hod nho nha't (trong s6' tat ca cac kim
^ i tir nhien) nen duoc dung de' che tao te'bao quang dien.
Dap an diing la B. ^ ^
. ^ ^ a n diing la D.
Thidu 22: Cho day cac chat: KOH, Ca(N03)2, SO3, NaHS04, Na2S03, K,S04. ^
chat trong day tao thanh ket tua khi phan ixng vdd dung dich BaCl, la du 25: Cho cac chat: NaHCOj, CO, AKOH),, Fe(OH)3, HF, CU, NH4CI. S6'
A. 4. B.6. C.2. D.3. at tac dung duoc vai dung djch NaOH loang 6 nhiet d6 thiromg la
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoij^ •6 B.4 C.5 D.3
Hu&ng din gidi Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cac chat tac dung vdi dung djch N a O H loang : Pay g6m cac chaft: , ,
NaHC03 + N a O H >Na2C03 +H2C H2 t + B a [ A l ( O H ) ( A\-^^^2Âl, {SO,)^ + H2 t
f Al(OH)3 + NaOH ).Na[Al(OH)4

BaZn02^-^^î^^Na-^M^ZnS04+H20 I
t HF+NaOH ^NaF+HjO
H2 t +NaOH< '^"'^^""^^ N a - ^ i - ^ N a 2 S 0 4 + H2 t
CI 2 + 2 N a O H ->NaCl + N a a O + H 2 0
ddBa(OH)2 +H9S0,
).NaCl+NH3 + H20 KOH<- -KOH ^^^K,SO. +H.O
NH4CI + N a O H
Co 5 ch^t.
H2O + NH3 + BaCl2 < "^^""^2 NH4CI ""2^4 , NH4CI
Dap an diing la C .
Thi du 26: Cho dung dich BaCHCOj), Mn luot vao cac dung djch: CaQ,, Dap an diing la D .
CaCNO,):, N a O H , Na^CO,, K H S O 4 , Na2S04, Ca(0H)2, H2SO4, H C l . S6' truong C4u 2: Phat bie'u nao sau day diing?
hc^p tao ra ke't tua la A. Nh6m bj thu d6ng c6 the' hoa tan trong dung djch H2SO4 loang.
A . 5. B.6. C4. D.7. B. Nh6m tan duoc trong dung djch NaOH la do nh6m phan ihig true tia'p v6i NaOH.
(Trich de thi tuyen sink Dai hockhoi B) C. Crom la k i m loai cihig nha't trong so cac kirn loai.
Hu&ng ddn gidi D. Cho nh6m vao dung djch chira N a N O , va N a O H , dun nong nhe tha'y c6 khi
kh6ng mau hoa nau trong khdng khi thodt ra.
P T H H phan ling tao ke't tua:
Hu&ng ddn gidi
1) Ba(HC03)2+NaOH ^ B a C O , i + N a H C 0 3 + H2O
- Nh6m bi thu d6ng (c6 mang oxit b^n bao vt) kh6ng con phan ihie duoc vdi axit
HC1,H2S04.
2) B a ( H C 0 3 ) 2 + N a 2 C 0 3 -—>BaC03>l+2NaHC03
- Khi phan dug v6i dung dich k i ^ m :
3) Ba(HC03)2+2KHS04- >BaS04 i +2CO2 + 2H2O + K2SO4 2A1 + 6H2O - > 2 A 1 ( 0 H ) 3

•T • ••
4) B a ( H C 0 3 ) 2 + N a 2 S 0 4 -—>BaS04 i +2NaHC03 Al(OH)3 +NaOH->Na[Al(OH)/
>BaC03 i +CaC03 i +2H2O => Nhom kh6ng tac dung true tia'p vcA N a O H .
5) Ba(HC03)2+Ca(0H)2-
• Crom la k i m loai ciJng nha't trong cac k i m loai.
6) B a ( H C 0 3 ) 2 + H2S04 —- > B a S 0 4 i + 2 C 0 2 + 2 H 2 0
8AI + 5NaOH + SNaNOj + I 8 H 2 O — ^ 8 N a A l ( O H ) J + 3NH3 t
=> Co 6 trucmg hop c6 kfe't tua. .. ^ ^.. .
khong mau
Dap an dung la B. Phat bid'u dung la C
3, C a c bai tap tir l u y e n : E>ap an dung la C.
^û 3: Co cac phat bie'u sau:
C a u 1 : Day g6m cac chat d6u tan trong dung dich H2SO4 loang, d u dung ^
' ^^
Ba(OH)2 du, sau phan ling hoan toan deu kh6ng c6 kd't tiia tao ra la (1) A g Q , AgBr, A g l dû tan trong dung djch NH3 do tao cation phufc [AgCNHj),]*
(2) Nhung la nh6m vao dung djch H2SO4 dac, ngu6i thi la nhdm tan d^n.
A . A l ( O H ) 3 , Z n , K , FeCl2, ZnO
(3) Thach cao s6'ng c6 c6ng tMc hoa hoc 1^ CaS04.2H20
B. NaCl, ( N H 4 ) 2 CO3, Cr203, Z n , M g C l j (4) Cac k i m loai kiim th6 ddu c6 ca'u true mang tinh the' lap phuong tarn dien.
S6'phat bid'u diing la
C. AI2O3, BaO, K , Cr203, (NH4)2 S
^•4 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1
D. A l , Z n O , Na, K O H , NH4CI
Hud/ng ddn gidi Chuj: 5H2S + 8 K M n 0 4 + 7H2SO4 > AK^SO^ + 8 M n S 0 4 + 1 2 H 2 O
- Phat biû (1) sai vi Agl kh6ng tan trong dung dich NH,.
- Phat bieu (2) sai vi A l bi thu d6ng trong H 2 S O 4 dac, ngu6i. ^ , San pham oxi hoa H^S c6 thd la S; S; S . '
- Thach cao s6'ng C O thanh phSn CaS04. ZH.O. Qû 6: Khi nghiln clanhke, ngucri ta tr6n tham 5 - 10% chat X d^ diû chinh toe
- Phat h'liu (4) sai vi cac kim loai k\tm th6 (IIA) c6 kieu mang tinh thi khac nhau, d6 d6ng eiitig cija xi mang. Chat X la
=> Co 1 phat bie'u dung. A. thach cao. B. v6i b6t. C. v6i t6i. D. xi silicat.
Dap an dung la D. Hu&ng ddn gidi
C a u 4: Phat h\iu d i i n g la:
Trong xi mang chiia 5-10% thach cao (CaS04) da' dieu chinh toe do d6ng cirng
ciia xi mang.
A. Dien phan NaCl nong chay sinh ra NaOH
B. SiO, d l dang hoa tan trong Na.CO, nong chay '
cau 7: Cho cac khoang chat: Da't set, mica, boxit, criolit, xiderit, corindon, phen
C. Dung dich NaHCO, 0,1M c6 pH < 7
chua. So khoang chat c6 thanh phdn chinh chua hop chat ciia nhom la
D. Kim loai Na chay trong m6i truomg khi oxi kh6 va du, tao ra NajO.
A. 6. B.5. C.4. D. 3.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
' Hu&ng ddn gidi
Xet cac phucfng an:
Cac khoang cha't chiia horp chat ciia nh6m la:
,2NaCl > 2Na + CI2 (khong sinh ra NaOH)
1) Da't set: Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O
.0
Si02 + Na2C03 — ^ NajSiO, + COj 2) Mica: K20.Al203.6Si02
NaHCO, + H20< »NaOH + H 2 C O 3 (=> pH > 7) 3) Criolit: Na3AlF6 (3NaF.AlF3) :;i!.
0 4) Corin don: AI2O3

2Na + O2 — - — > Na202 (natri peoxit) 5) Phen chua: K 2 S O 4 . A I 2 ( S O 4 ) , .24H2O
=> Phat bie'u B dung.
6) Boxit: Al203.nH20
Dap an diing la B.
C a u 5: Thirc hien cac thi nghidm sau: Dap an dung la A.
(I) Nho dung djch Na.CO, tori du vao dung dich Al(NO,),i. CAu 8: Cac kim loai ki^m, kim loai kiem th6 k h o n g gap a dang don cha't trong tir
nhian vi
(II) Nho dung dich NH3 tir tir tori du vao dung djch C U S O 4 .
(III) Cho KOH vao dung dich Ca(HCO,)2. A. day la chat hut ^m dac biat. ;U ,
(IV) Sue khi H.S vao dung dich KMn04 trong m6i trUcmg H 2 S O 4 loang. B. day la nhirng loai duoc diû che bang phuomg phap dien phan
S6' thi nghiem khi ket thiic cac phan umg c6 ket t u a xuS't hien la C. thanh ph^n cua chiing trong tir nhian rat nho.
A. 1 B. 4 C. 2 D. 3 D. day la nhirng kim loai hoat ddng hoa hoc rat manh.
Hu&ng ddn gidi Hu&ng ddn gidi j ?

PTHH xay ra: Kim loai ki^m (nhom lA: L i , Na, K, Rb, Cs)
Kim loai kiem th6 (nhom IIA: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba)
(1) SNajCO, +2A1(N03)3 + 3 H 2 0 ^ 2 A 1 ( 0 H ) 3 i +6NaN03 +3CO2
Oiling la cac kim loai hoat dong hoa hoc rat manh (dimg diu m6i chu ki),
Chung da dang tac dung vdri cac chat trong m6i tnromg (HjO, CO^.L 1) nan trong
6NH3 + C U S O 4 + 2 H 2 0 - > [ C u ( N H 3 ) J(0H)2 + {nW^\4
tir nhian khong gap chiing a dang don chat.
(2) KOH + Ca(HC03)2 ->CaC03 i +KHCO3 + H j O
E>ap an diing la D. '
(3) 5H^S + 2KMn04 + 3H2SO4 -> 55 i + K 2 S O 4 + 2MnS04 + SHjO 9: Chat nao sau day phan ling dugc vdri Al? HI ;i
Dap an diing la D. A. Dung dich Na,S04 B. KhiCOj '
C. Dung dich HNO, dSc, ngu6i D. Dung djch MgCl,
Hu&ng ddn gidi 2NaN03 '° >2NaN02+02
1%.2A1203+3C {X3) (X,) , N - , : . •
PTPlJ: 4A1 + 3CO2
Vay X „ X,, X 3 ISn luot la O2, NaOH, NaNOj ^ ,„ , ,
Dap an dung la B.
Chu V. Kh6ng t h ^ dung CO,; H , 0 ; . . d^ dap tat dam chay k i m loai manh (M„ p^p an dung la B.
12: Trong cac phat biû sau:
- A l (Cr, Fe,...) bj thu d6ng hoa trong H N O 3 dac, ngu6i. ' (1) Theo chiû tang din didn tich hat nhan, cac k i m loai k i ^ m th6 (tir Be ddn Ba)
Cau 10: Cho cac dung djch: Na^COj, NaOH, A l Q j , H C l , NaHS04. Nd'u tr6n cac c6 nhi6t d6 nong chay giam din.
(2) K i m loai Cs duoc dung d^ chfi' tao td' bao quang didn.
dung dich vdfi nhau tijfng d6i m6t thi c6 nhidu nha't bao nhidu phan ting c6 san
(3) K i m loai M g c6 kid'm manh tinh thd' lap phirong tam didn.
ph^m la chat khi?
(4) Cac k i m loai Na, Ba, Be d i u tac dung vdi nuoc b nhidt d6 thuomg.
A. 4 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
(5) K i m loai M g tac dung vdi hoi nude 6 nhidt d6 thu6ng. .
»' Hu&ng ddn gidi Cac phat bieu d u n g la
Cac phan ung hoa hoc sinh ra chat k h i : A (2), (4) B.(l),(2),(3),(4),(5) !/.
Na2C03+2HCl > 2NaCl + CO2 t + H 2 O C. (2), (3), (4) D. (2), (5)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Na2C03 + 2NaHS04 ).2Na2S04 + CO2 t + H 2 O
Cac phat bid'u diing:
3Na2C03 + 2AICI3 + 3H2O >2A\{OH\ +3CO2 t +6NaCl (2) K i m loai Cs duoc dung dd' chd' tao td' bao quang didn (do Cs c6 nSng lucmg
Dap an diing la D ion hoa rat nho).
(5) K i m loai M g tac dung v6i hoi nir6c b nhidt d6 cao:
Cû 1 1 : X la m6t peoxit k i m loai k i ^ m c6 mau da cam, trong d6 o x i chi6'm 4 1 % ve
kh6'i lugfng. Trong so d6 phan ung: M g + H 2 0 ( h ) — ^ M g O + H2
X, >X ^ " 2 " )X2 >X3 ^X,. Dap an diing la D.

T h i X „ X 2 , X, iSnlirotla: Cau 13: Viet phucmg trinh hoa hoc dd' giai thich cac hidn tuong xay ra k h i
B. O2, N a O H , N a N 0 3 a) Cho dung dich N H 3 d u vao dung djch AICI3 ^;
A. N a 2 0 2 , N a O H , 0 2
D. 0 2 , N a O H , N a 2 C 0 3 b) Cho tir t u dung djch N a O H ddn du vao dung djch A I Q ,
C. 0 2 , K 0 H , K N O 3
Hu&ng ddn gidi c) Cho tir tir dung dich Al2(S04)3 vao dung djch N a O H va ngiroc lai.
d) Sue t& tir dd'n d u khi CO, vao dung djch N a A l O ,
X dang: MÔ, (hop chat peoxit). Theo bai ra:
e) Cho tif tir ddn d u dung djch HCl vao dung dich NaAlO,.
16.2.10 = 41 ^ 2 M + 32 = 78 = > M = 2 3 ( N a ) Hu&ng ddn gidi
S 2 M + 16.2 PTHH:
=> X la N a i O , (natri peoxit) a) 3NH3 + 3H2O + A l Q j )• A l (OH)^ i + 3 N H 4 a ,
PTHH:
^) SNaOH+AlQj > Al(OH)3 i+3NaCl
2Na + 0 2 — ^ N a 2 0 2
N a O H (du) +Al(OH)3 > NaA102 +2H2O . j) i
(X.) (X)
N a z O j + 2 H 2 0 - > 2 N a O H + H2O2 ^) AI2 ( S O 4 \ 8NaOH -> 2NaA102 + 3Na2S04 + 4H2O 2f'
(X) (X2) 6 N a O H + AI2 (SO4 \ 2 A l (OH)^ i +3Na2S04

N a O H + HNO3 N a N O j + H2O
§L N a O H + A1(0H)3 > NaA102 + 2H2O
(X2) .(X3)
-JO
fChacnhau:
d) CO2 + 2H2O + NaA102 Al(OH)3 i + N a H C O , jê't tiia xuS^t hidn, khdng tan trong CO, dir :
e) HCl + NaAlO^ + > Al(OH)3 i +NaCl NaAlOj + C O 2 + 2H,0 > Al(OH)3i + NaHCOj
Iê't tiia xua't hien r6i tan trong dung dich H Q du :
3HC1 + Al(OH)3 > AICI3 + 3H2O
NaAlO, + HCl + H , 0 > AKOH), i + NaQ
Cau 14: Vid't phircmg trinh hoa hoc cua cac phan img thirc hi€n day chuyd'n doi sm,.
Al(OH)3 + 3HC1 > AICI3 + 3H2O
Al-ilUAia,-Âl(OH),-H^>M102-Â1(CH^^ Ciiu 18: Tuy thu6c vao n6ng d6 ciia dung djch HNO3, A l c6 th^ khir HNO3 thanh
Hu&ng ddn gidi MO2, N 2 O , NO, N , , NH4NO3. Vid't phuong trinh hoa hoc cua cac phan ihig.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
PTHH xay ra trong so d6:
Cic phuong trinh hoa hoc :
(1) 2A1 + 3CI2 > 2AICI3
Al + 6HNO3 A1(N03)3 + 3 N 0 2 t + 3H2O
(2) AICI3 + 3NaOH > A 1 ( 0 H ) 3 i + 3NaCl
A l + 4HNO3 -> AI(N03)3 + N O t +2H2O
(3) A l ( O H ) , + NaOH > NaA102 + 2H2O
8A1 + 3OHNO3 — > 8A1(N03)3 + 3 N 2 0 t + I5H2O
(4) NaAlOj + CO2 + 2H2O — ^ Al(OH)3 i + NaHC03 lOAl + 36HNO3 > 10Al(NO3)3 + 3 N j t + 18HjO
8A1 + 3OHNO3 - -> 8A1(N03)3 + 3NH4NO3 + 9H2O
(5) 2 A l ( O H ) 3 — ^ A I 2 O 3 + 3H2O
cSu 19: Co gi gi6'ng nhau va khac nhau khi nho tir tiJr cho ddn dir
i (6) 2AI2O3 > 4AI + 3O2 t (dien phan nong chay) a) Dung djch NHj vao dung dich AIQ3?
Cau 15: Cho dung djch Ca(OH), vao dung dich Ca(HCO,)2 se: b) Dung djch Ba(OH)2 vao dung dich AlQj?
A. Co ket tua trdng B. Co hot khi thoat ra Hu&ng ddn gidi
C. Co kd't tiia trSng va hot khi D. Kh6ng c6 hidn tuong gi a) Kd't tiia tao ra kh6ng tan trong dung djch NH3 dir:
Hu&ng ddn gidi AICI3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O > A1(0H)3 4- + 3 N H 4 a
b) Kd't tiia tao ra tan trong dung djch Ba(0H)2 dir:
Ca(OH)2 + Ca(HC03)2 > 2CaC03 i + H2O
Trang 2AICI3 + 3Ba(OH)2 > 2Al(OH)3i + 3Baa2
Dap an dung la A. 2AI(OH), + Ba(OH)2 — > Ba(A102)2 + 4H2O

Cau 16: X6'p cac kim loai kiem th6 theo chidu tang cua diSn tich hat nhSn, thi CJu 20: Nh6m hidroxit thu duoc tir each lam nao sau day?
A. ban kinh nguyen tir giam d^n. A. Cho du dung djch HCl vao dung dich natri aluminat.
B. nang lucmg ion hoa giam dSn. B. Th6i du khi COi vao dung djch natri aluminat.
C. tinh khir giam ddn. C. Cho du dung djch NaOH vao dung djch A l Q j .
D. kha nang tac dung vcfi nude giam ddn. D. Cho AI2O3 tac dung vdi nirdc.
Trong Cling 1 nhom A, theo chiû tang ciia Z (tir trfin xu6'ng dudi) thi "a"^ Cho du dung djch H Q vao dung djch natri aluminat kh6ng thu duoc k6t tiia, vi
lugrng ion hoa giam din. •fft tua Al(OH)j vira tao th^nh tan trong HCl du:
Dap an diing la B. HCl + NaAlOj + H2O >-Naa + AI(OH)3 4'
Cau 17: Co gi gidng va khac nhau khi cho khi C O 2 va dung dich H Q loang tac ^^^^
3 H C U + Al(OH)3 ->A1C13 + 3H20
vdri dung djch NaAlOi ? Vid't phuong trinh h6a hoc ciia cic phan iJng xay ra.
lTi6i du khi CO, vao dung djch natri aluminat tao duoc ke't tiia Al(OH)3, ket tiia
Hu&ng ddn gidi
•^^y khdng tan trong CO, du
Gi6'ng nhau: dau xua't hidn ket tiia.
COj + NaAlOj + 2H,0 > NaHCO, + AKOH),^ Trong Y c6: nN,oH = nN, = x = 0,14 (mol); ng^^Q^j^ =0,12 (mol)
- Cho dir dung dich NaOH vao dung djch AlQj liic dSu cung c6 k€t tiia xua't hi^n => n =0,14+ 0,12. 2 = 0,38 (mol); n 2+ =0,12 (mol)
nhung kS't tiia lai tan trong NaOH du:
3NaOH + AlCl3 •> Al(OH)3 i + SNaQ *' C02+0H-->HC0J r .
NaOH + Al(OH)3 > NaAlO, + 2H2O

0,3 ^ 0,3 0,3 f
- AI2O3 kh6ng tac dung v6i nude. '' ' '' Hcoj+oH- ^ C02-+H2O
Dap dn dung la B.
C. B A I T A P T 6 N G H O P
(0.38-0,3)^0,08 _ ^••^''-^•'•"S^f..;,
COf" + Ba^^ -> BaCOj i
Cû 1: Cho 1,37 gam Ba vao 1 lit dung dich CUSO4 0,0IM. Sau khi cac phan ihig 0,08 -> 0,08
xay ra hoan toan, khd'i luong kfi't ttia thu duoc la vay m = 0,08 . 197 = 15,76 (gam)
A. 2,33 gam B. 0,98 gam C. 3,31 gam D. 1,71 gam
Dap an diing la A.
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khd'i A nam 201?,,
Cau 3: Didn phan nong chay AUOj vdi cac didn cue bang than chi, thu dur«c m
Hu&ng ddn gidi
kilogam Al or catot va 89,6 m' (dktc) h6n hop X d anot. Ti khd'i ciia X so vdi H
Kd't tiia thu duoc g6m: bang 16,7. Cho 1,12 lit X (dktc) phan ihig vdi dung dich Ca(OH)2 du, thu duoc
BaS04 0,01 mol (bao toan nguydn t6' bari hoac g6c sunfat) 1,5 gam ke't tiia. Bid't cac phan umg xay ra hoan toan. Gia tri ciia m 1^
Cu(OH)2 0,01 mol (bao toan nguydn t6' d6ng) A. 144,0 B. 104,4 C. 82,8 D. 115,2
Vay khd'i luong ke't tiia bang 0,01. 233 + 0,01. 98 = 3,31 gam
(Trich dS thi tuyen sink DH khoi B nam 2013)
Dap an diing la C.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cau 2: H6n hop X g6m Na, Ba, Na20 va BaO. H6a tan ho^n toan 21,9 gam X vao
Khi gidi hdi nay can chu y trong hSn hop khi sinh ra do khi oxi ddt chay dien
nu6c, thu duoc 1,12 lit khi Hj (dktc) va dung dich Y, trong do c6 20,52 gam cue than chi la CO, CO2 va Oj.
Ba(0H)2. Ha'p thu hoan toan 6,72 lit khi CO, (dktc) vao Y, thu duoc m gam ket
89 6
tiia. Gia tri ciia m 1^ Theo bai ra: nx,,, = — — = 4 (Kmol)
A. 15,76 B. 39,40 C. 21,92 D. 23,64 22,4
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khoi A nam 201J)
"cacoa = 0,015(mol); 0^(3) = ^ = 0,05(mol)
' Hu&ng ddn gidi
De gidi nhanh hdi nay can AT? dung phucfng phdp quy dSi nguyen tvC, van dun^ Goi X, y, z Idn luot 1^ sd' mol CO, CO, va O2 trong 1,12 lit X.
cac dinh lugt hdo toan nguyen to, hdo toan electron de'lap cdc phifong trinh da Theo bM ra ta cd: x + y + z = 0,05 (1)
sd'vd viet phUcfng trinh phan img dang ion rut gon.
S6mol cdc chat: n^^^ = 0,05(mol);nco2 = 0,3(mol);
=>28x + 44y + 32z= 1,67 (2)
n M o H ) 2 = ^ = 0.l2(mol)
PTHH: CO, + Ca(OH)2 ^ CaC03>t + H2O
". I,
Quy d6i h6n hop X thanh: Na (x mol); Ba (y mol) va O^" (z mol). y ^ y
Taco: 23x + 137y + 16z = 21,9 =>y = 0,015 (3)
y = Hg^ôH^^ = 0,12 (mol) (Bao toan bari) Tir (1, 2, 3) zz> x = 0,0275; y = 0,015; z = 0,0075 <J
Vi electron duoc bao toan ndn: x. 1 + y.2 = z. 2 + 0,05. 2 => x + 2y - 2z = 0,1 Suy ra trong 1,12 lit X cd sd mol nguyfin tijf oxi \h: '
Giai ra ta duoc: x = 0,14; y = 0,12; z = 0,14 0,0275 + 0,015.2 + 0.0075.2 = 0,0725 (mol)
387
Trong 89,6 k h i X c6 s6 mol nguyfin tit o x i Ilk:
N H ; + O H " - > N H 3 t +H2O
1,12 ^ ^ Ban dû: 0,05 0,06 •- t,
Phucfng trinh diSn phan: 2 A I 2 O 3 - > 4A1 + 3O2 phan ling: 0,05-> 0,05 (mol)
11600/3 < - 5800/2 (mol) Con: 0 0,01
11600.27 X Chat ran tan trong Y c6 Na* (0,12 mol); Q " (0,12 mol); Ba^^ (0,005 mol) va O H
Vay m = = 104,4(kg) (0,01 mol)
3.1000 ^ ' v a y m = 0,12.23 + 0,12.35,5 + 0,005.137 + 0,01.17 = 7,875 (gam)
Dap an diing la B ,
Dap an diing la C.
Cau 4: K h i hoa tan hoan toan m gam m6i k i m loai vao nuoc dir, tit k i m loai nao sau
dSy thu dupe thi tich k h i H , (cung dieu kidn nhiet d6 va ap su^t) la nho nha't? cau 6: Dung djch E g6m x m o l Ca^\ mol Ba^*, z m o l H C O j ' . Cho tir tir dung dich
A.K B.Na C. L i D . Ca Ca(OH)2 n6ng d6 a mol/l vao dung djch E de'n khi thu dupe lupng Mt tua \dn
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khoi B nam 2013) nha't thi vita h6t V l i t dung djch Ca(OH)2. Bie'u thiJe lien hd giiJa cac gia t r i V , a,
' ' Hu&ngddngidi X, y la
i Trong s6' cac k i m loai nhom l A da cho thi K la k i m loai c6 nguy6n t i i kh6'i 16n
A . V . ^ . B . V = a(2x + y )
nha't nfen c6 s6' m o l nho nha't => th^ tich tao ra nho nha't. a
-' K i m loai Ca (nhom I I A ) c6 nguyen tir kh6'i xa'p x i vdd k i m loai K nhung do c6 _ x + 2y
C. V = 2a(x + y ) . D. V
hoa t r i I I ndn se tao ra th^ tich H , 16m hon. a
v a y k i m loai K tao ra th^ tich H j be nha't.
Dap an dung la A . Hu&ng ddn gidi
C a u 5: Dung dich X chiia 0,12 m o l Na"; x mol S O 4 " ; 0,12 mol C[ va 0,05 mol S6 mol OH-: n ^ ^ _ = 2nca(OH)2 = ^ - V . a (mol)
N H 4 . Cho 300 m l dung dich Ba(OH), 0 , 1 M vao X dfe'n khi cac phan ling xay ra
Lupng ket tiia thu dupe Idti nha't khi toan b6 lupng HCOj- phan umg he't v6i OH":
loan toan, Ipc bo kd't tiia, thu dupe dung djch Y . C6 can Y , thu dupe m gam chat
HCOJ + O H " - > CO^- + H2O
i ^ , khan. Gia trj c i i a m l a
z -> z
A . 7,190 B. 7,705 C. 7,875 D . 7,020
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoi B ndm 2013) =>z = 2.V.a (1)
Hu&ng dan gidi Theo djnh luat bao toan dien tich ta eo: z = 2x + 2y (2)
Phuang phdp dqc thii de gidi hdi nay Id silr dung dinh ludt hdo toan dien tich vc)
viei phumg trinh dang ion thu gon de gidi. Khoi lifcmg chat ran thu duac chid T i r ( l , 2 ) r ^ 2 x + 2y = 2 . V a = ^ x + y = V.a = > V = ^
a
hang tSng khdl litang cac ion.
Dap an dung la A .
S6'molBa(OH)2: nB^(oH)2 =0,3.0,1 = 0 , 0 3 ( m o l )
Cû 7: Cho h6n hpp K2CO3 va NaHCOj (ti le mol 1: 1) vô binh dung dich
Theo dinh luat bao toan didn tich, ta c6:
Ba(HC03)2 thu dupe ket tiia X va dung djch Y . Them tit tit dung dich H C l 0,5M
0,12.1 + 0 , 0 5 . 1 = 0 , 1 2 . 1 + x . 2 = > x = 0,025
vao binh den k h i khdng con khi thoat ra thi he't 560 m l . Bie't toan b6 Y phan vtng
PTHH: Ba^^+S04'^BaS04i
vita du vdi 200 m l dung djch N a O H I M . Kh6'i lupng ket tua X la
Bandû: 0,03 0,025 A . 3,94 gam. B. 11,28 gam. C. 7,88 gam. D . 9,85 gam.
Phan ling: 0,025 < - 0 , 0 2 5 (mol) (Trich dethi tuyen sinh DH khdfi A)
C6n: 0,005 0 Hu&ng ddn gidi
Can chit v: Khi cho HCl vao hinh thi HCl phdn ling cd vdi ket tiia X(BaC03)
388 dungdichY(NaHC0„KHC0j,Ba(HC0j)2). iy, . x ,
S6 mol cac chat: n„ci = 0,5.0,56=0,28(mol); iiNaOH = 0,2.1 = 0,2(mol) K (Na) + H2O ^ KOH(NaOH) + ^ H 2
Dat s6 mol K 2 C 0 3 , N a H C 0 3 vh Ba(HC03)2 ISn luot Ik x, x y (mol)
1,8 l,8(mol)
=> S6 mol cac ion C03~,HC0J Ik x (x + 2 y ) m o l . ' 'n^„-=l,8(mol)
* PTHH xay ra khi dung dich H Q + X + Y:
Z + CrCl,:
COJ- + 2H+ - > CO2 + H 2 O HCO; + ^ CO2 + H 2 O
3 0 H - + C1CI3 Cr(OH)3 i +3Cr
X - > 2x » * • (x + 2y) (x + 2y)
1,5 < - 0,5 ->• 0,5 (mol)
=>2x + (x + 2y) = 0,28 =:>3x + 2y = 0,28 (l) '
* PTHH xay ra khi NaOH + dung dich Y: OH- + Cr(OH)3-»[Cr(OH)/"
,j HCO3 + O H " - > CO^- + H2O H (1,8-1,5)^0,3 (mol)
(x + 2 y ) ( x + 2y) Bpfty mk, =(0,5-0,3).103 = 20,6(gam) 't r

=:>x + 2y = 0,2(2) Dap an diing la B. '
Tiif(l,2) x = 0 , 0 4 ; y - 0 , 0 8 Cau 9: Ha'p thu hoan toan 4,48 lit khi CO, (6 dktc) vko 500 ml dung dich h6n hop
g6m NaOH 0,1M va Ba(OH)2 0,2M, sinh ra m gam ke't tiia.
K2CO3 + Ba(HC03)2 ^ BaC03 i +2KHCO3
Gia trj ciia m la
i Banddu: 0,04 0,08 A. 19,70. B. 9,85. * C. 17,73. D. 11,82.
PI/: 0,04-^ 0,04 -> 0,04 (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
=>^s.co,i =^xi =0,04.197 = 7,88(g)
Dang hat tap CO2 tdc dung vcfi hSn hcfp dung dich kiem can sif dung phifffng
^ Dap an dung Ih C. trinh ion thu ggn de gidi.
Cû 8: Hoa tan hoan toan m gam h6n hop X g6m Na K vô dung djch HCl du 4 48
thu duoc dung dich Y. C6 can dung dich Y thu dugc (m + 31,95) gam h6n horp S6' mol cac cha't: n
^' = 0,2 (mol); n,.,oH = 0,5.0,1 = 0,05 (mol);
22,4 -—1—
cha't ran khan. Hok tan h o ^ toan 2m gam h6n hop X vao nu6c thu duofc dung
djch Z. Cho tir tiir ddn hd't dung djch Z vko 0,5 lit dung dich CrCl, I M dfi'n phan "Ba(OH)2 =0,5.0,2 = 0,1 (mol)
ling hokn toan thu duoc kd't tiia c6 kh6'i luong 1^ Suy ra s6' mol cac ion trong dung djch:
noH- = 0,05.1 + 0,1.2 = 0,25 (mol); n^2+ = 0,1 (mol)
Hu&ng ddn gidi ion rut gon cac phan ihig xay ra:
Theobîra: n ^ ^ l ^ =0,5.1 =0,5(mol) P CO, + OH" > HCOJ

* X (m gam) + HQ (du): ., / BandSu: 0,2 0,25 (mol)
2Na + 2 H C l - > 2 N a a + H2 t PhaniJng: 0,2 0,2 0,2 (mol)
2K + 2 H a ^ 2KC1 + H2 t i ^ • HCOJ + OH" > CO I" + H2O
=>m + 31,95 = m + m =>m _ =31,95(g) I 0,05 <- 0,05 • 0,05

CO»2-
3 + Ba 2+ BaCOji
"^1 95
, = > V = " h h ( N a . K ) ~ = 0,9(mol) fiandSu: 0,05 0,1 (mol)
> Do do khi 2m (gam) X thi c6 0,9. 2 = 1,8 mol (K, Na) ^hanung: 0,05 0,05 — 0,05 (mol)
t
vay m = mg^cosi = '^'^ = ^-^^ (sam) CO, + NaOH > NaHCOs
Dap an diing \k B.
0,075 (mol) > 0,075 (mol)
Cku 10: K h i dien phan N a Q n6ng chay (didn cue t m ) , tai eatot xay ra
=:Mn.„,i = m N a H C 0 3 = 0,075.84 = 6.3 (gam). ^^f''' / "
A. sir k h u ion Na"^. B. su oxi hod ion G'.
C. su oxi hoa ion Na*. D. su khiJ ion Q". Dap an dung la C.
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi CiU 13: Dien phan nong chay A U O j vdi anot than chi (hidu sua't dien phan 100%)
Hu&ng ddn gidi thu duoc m kg A l d catot va 67,2 m ' (6 dkte) h6n hofp k h i X c6 ti kh6'i so vdi
Catot (cue am): Na* + le - > Na (su khir ion Na*) hidro bang 16. La'y 2,24 lit (6 dkte) h6n hop khi X sue vao dung djch nu6c v6i
Ddp an diing \h A. trong (du) thu duoc 2 gam ke't tiia. Gia trj cua m 1^
A. 108,0. B. 67,5. C. 54,0. D. 75,6.
Ciku 11: Nho tir tir cho ddn du dung djch N a O H vao dung dich A l Q j . Hidn tuong
xay ra la j (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B)
A. C O kd't tija keo trSng eo k h i bay Iftn. Hu&ng ddn gidi
B. C O kd't tua keo trSng, sau do kd't tiia tan. 67 2 10"^
C. kh6ng C O kS't tiia, eo khi bay len. Theo bai ra: nx = — — =3.10^ (mol);
22,4
D. ehi C O kfi't tOa keo trSng.
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH • CD khoi A) "x= ^ =0,1 (mol); n c , c » 3 i = = 0,02 (mol).
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cac phuong trinh h6a hoc xay ra:
P T P i ; xay ra: 3NaOH + A i C l , > A l ( O H ) 3 i + SNaQ
kd't tiia keo trang AlA >2Al+|o,t (*)
A1(0H)3 + NaOH,d„, > NaLAKOH)*]
tan C + O, > CO,
vay, hidn tuong xay ra la eo k6t tua keo trSng, sau do kd't tua tan. 2C + O, > 2CO
Dap an dung la B.
CO, + Ca(OH), (du) > CaCOj i + H , 0
CSu 12: Nung 13,4 gam hdn hop hai mu6'i cacbonat cija hai k i m loai hoa tri 2, thu
=> Trong h6n hop k h i c6 the eo cac khi sau:
duoc 6,8 gam chat rdn va khi X. Luong khi X sinh ra cho ha'p thu vko 75 ml
dung dich N a O H I M , kh6'i luong mu6'i khan thu duoe sau phan ihig \k CO, (X mol); CO (y mol) va O, (z mol). ,, , , ^
A. 4,2 gam. B. 5,8 gam. C. 6,3 gam. D. 6,5 gam. Theo bai ra, ta c6: x + y + z = 3000 (1) 1'
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B) 44x + 28y + 32z ,^ ^
= 16. 2
Hu&ng ddn gidi x+ y+ z
Theo bai ra: nN,oH = 0,075. 1 = 0,075 (mol). 44x + 28y + 32z = 96000 (2)
Mu6'i cacbonat(rt„, —"""^ > oxit k i m loai(,j„, +00,1
Khi 0,1 mol X + Ca(OH), du > 0,02 mol CaCOj (0,02 mol CO,)
^ 0 0 0 mol X z mol CO,
=> mco2 =13,4 - 6,8 = 6,6 (gam) §> z = 600 (3) ^ .,Z
Tir ( 1 , 2, 3) ta giai ra duoc: X = 600; y = 1800; z = 600.
=>nco2 = ^ = 0,15(mol) Suy ra, long s6' mol khi O, sinh ra theo phuong trinh (*) (ap dung hko tohn
"guydn t6' oxi):
^' nco2 ^ -^"NaOH CO, du.
^no2 = X + ^ + z = 600 + — + 600 = 2100 (mol) ,v
91 no 9 97
= 7,74 + 0,5. 36,5 + 0,5. 0,28. 9 8 - 0 , 3 9 . 2 : "->i
V i H = 100% => niA, = 7. = 75600 (g) = 75,6 (kg).
= 38,93 (gam).
Dap an diing la D . p^p an diing la D .

17: Cho m gam N a O H vao 2 lit dung dich NaHCOj ndng d6 a mol/1, thu duoc
C a u 14: Trong cong nghidp, natri hidroxit difqic san xua't bang phuong phap
2 lit dung djch X. La'y 1 lit dung dich X tac dung vdd dung dich BaClj (du) thu
A . difin phan dung dich NaNOj, kh6ng c6 mang ngan difin cue.
(Jirgrc 11,82 gam ke't tiia. Mat khac, cho 1 lit dung dich X vao dung djch CaQz
B. didn phan NaCl nong chay.
(dir) r6i dun nong, sau k h i ke't thiic eac phan ung thu duoc 7,0 gam k€t tua. Gia
C. dien phan dung dich NaCl, khdng C O mang ngan didn cue.
tri ciia a, m tuong ung la
D . didn phan dung dich NaCl, c6 mang ngan ditn cue.
A. 0,04 va 4,8 B. 0,14 va 2,4 C. 0,07 va 3,2 D . 0,08 va 4,8
J (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
• * Hu&ngddngidi ,i v ;
Trong c6ng nghiep, N a O H san xu^t bang each didn phan dung djch NaQ, c6 Hu&ng dan gidi
mang ngan didn cue: Theo bai ra: UNaHcOa = 2a(mol)

2Naa + 2H,0 - ^ 2 ^ 2NaOH + Cl^ +
118 7
Dap an dung la D . "Bacoji = 7 ^ - 0 , 0 6 ( m o l ) ; n^^coji = — = 0,07(mol). P ,
cau 15: Phan ting hoa hoc xay ra trong trucmg hop nao dudi day khong thu6c loai I'
phan dug nhiet nh6m? PTPir: NaOH + NaHCOj > N a j C O j + H2O (l)
A . A l tac dung vdd Fe304 nung nong.
Na2C03 + BaClj > BaCOj i +2NaCl
B. A l tac dung vdi CuO nung nong.
C. A l tac dung vdd Fe203 nung nong. 0,06 < 0,06(mol)
D . A l tac dung vdfi H2SO4 dac nong.
Na2C03+CaCl2 -> CaCOj i + 2 N a a
Hu&ng dan gidi 0,06 ^ 0,06(mol)
Phan img nhiat nh6m la phan ling giSa b6t nh6m vdri oxit k i m loai.
Do do, A l tac dung vdti H2SO4 dac, nong kh6ng thu6c loai phan ting nhidt nhom 2NaHC03 + CaClj —^CaCO-^ i +CO2 + 2NaCl + H2O
Dap an dung la D .
0,02 < (0,07 - 0,06)
C a u 16: Hoa tan hd't 7,74 gam h6n hop b6t M g , A l bang 500 m l dung dich h6n hcf
H C l I M va H,S04 0,28M thu duoc dung dich X va 8,736 lit khi H , (d dktc). C6 Theo (1): nNaOH =nNa2C03 = 0 . 0 6 ( m o l ) = > m = 2.0,06.40 = 4,8(gam)
can dung djch X thu duoc luong mud'i khan la
"NaHCOs = 0.06 + 0,02 - 0 , 0 8 ( m o l ) => 2a = 0,08.2=>a = 0,08 ( m o l / l i t ) .
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A) fay a = 0,08 m o l / lit; m = 4,8 gam. . „,
Hu&ng dan gidi J>ip an diing la D .
8 736 18: Hoa tan he't m gam h6n hop hai oxit ciia k i m loai k i l m va k i l m th6 vao
Theo bai ra: n^^ = = 0,39 (mol). ''ung dich H a ( d u ) . C6 can dung djch thu duoc, r6i tie'n hanh dien phan nong
"2 22,4 chay he't cha't ran thu duoc (vdri dien cue tro) thi or catot sinh ra 11 gam k i m loai
a anot c6 2,24 lit k h i thoat ra (dktc). Gia t r i ciia m la
= HHC. + 2 nH2S04 = 0,5.1 + 2.0,5.0,28 = 0,39 (mol)
^- 12,6 , B.15 C. 15,8 D . 18,1
=> n ^ = 2n + => axit phan ung vijfa dii vdd k i m loai. Hu&ngddngidi ,
2 H
So 66 phan ung: K i m loai + A x i t > Mu6'i + Hj , Theo bai ra: n r . , = — (mol) >" * ^;
Theo djnh luat bao toan kh6'i luong:
^ 22,4 +-Y iS:J')iiT
eo bai ra, c6 hai khf c6 s6 mol bang nhau => 2 khi do la C H 4 va H2 (y = z)
Dat oxi kim loai ki^m va ki^m th6 Idn lucrt la MjO (xmol) va EO (y mol)
fir (3) =^ y = z = 0,05.
Sor d6 phan umg:
SO 66: X >Y
MÔ >2MC1 ).2M + C l 2
X -> 2x -> 2x X . dung dinh luat bao toan nguydn t6' => luomg O. cSn d^ d6t chiy Y bang
jiTcmg O2 c^n d i d6't chay X.
EO >ECl2 >F + C\2 / U
pXPlT: C2H2 + | o 2 -> 2CO2 + H2O ] 1 * :
y y ^ y y
Taco: x + y = 0,1 (mol) M' ; 0,1 ^ 0,25
2xM + E y = 11 (gam)
CH4+202-*C02+2H20 ,^
Ma:m = ( 2 M + 1 6 ) . x + ( E + 1 6 ) . y
0,05^0,1
^ m=(2Mx +Ey)+16(x + y) ,
1 •
=^ m = 11 +16.0,1 = 12,6(gam) \ H2+-02->H20
Dap an diing la A.
0,05-> 0,025
Cau 19: Cho h6n hop chat ran g6m CaC., A I 4 C 3 va Ca vao nude thu duoc h6n hop
=:.no2=0,25+0,l+0,025=0,375(mol)
X g6m 3 khi, trong d6 c6 hai khf cung s6' mol. La'y 8,96 lit h 6 n hop X (dktc)
chia lam hai ph^n bang nhau. =>Vo2 =0,375.22,4-8,4 (lit)
- Phdn 1 cho vao dung dich AgNOj trong NH3(du), sau phan ting ho^n toan, thay
Dap an diing la B.
tach ra 24 gam k^'t tOa.
- Ph^n 2 cho qua Ni, dun nong thu duoc h6n hop Y. Th^ tfch O^vira dii (dktc) can Cau 20: Hoa tan hoan toan m gam Na va 1 lit dung dich HCl aM, thu duoc dung
dung d^ d6't chay hoan toan Y 1^ dich G va a mol khf thoat ra. Day g6m cac chat dû tac dung duoc v6i dung dich
A. 5,6 lit B. 8,4 lit C. 8,96 lit D. 16,8 lit
Hu&ng dan gidi A. Ni, Na^SOj, Ca(HC03)2 B. Zn, AUOj, NaHSOj c
8 96 C. Al, NH4NO3, NajSOj D. Sn, Na2C03, NH4H2PO4
S6' mol khi X trong m6i phSn: n ^ , , = — =^0,2(mol)
A/^ (22,4.2) Hu&ngddngidi
24 Theo bai ra: n^ci =a (mol)
Theobkira: nAg2C2
PTPU: Na+HCl ^NaCl+i-H,
Goi X , y, z Mn luot la s6' mol m6i khf trong m6i phSn: 2 ^
C a C 2 + 2 H 2 0 - > C 2 H 2 t + Ca(0H)2 a a/2 (mol)
X (mol) Na + H20 >NaOH + - H ,
Al4C3 + 12H20->3CH4 t +4A1(0H)3 i 2 ^
y (mol) a/2â/2(mol)
Ca + 2H20->Ca(OH)2 + H 2 t dung djch G c6 chiia NaOH, NaCl.
z (mol) chat tac dung duoc voi dung dich G: Zn, AI2O3, NaHS03.
Taco: x + y + z = 0,2 (1) '^l/: Zn + 2NaOH + 2 H 2 O > Na2 [Zn(OH)4 ] + H 2
PTPU: C2H2 + AgjO > Ag2C2 i + H2O Al203+2NaOH + 3H20 >2Na[Al(OH)4]

X -> X
NaHSOj + NaOH > â^SO^ + WJQ , , '
Tac6:x = 0,l (2)
^^P an diing la B.
Tir(l,2) => y + z = 0,l (3)
397
(
C ^ u 21: Cation M ' * c6 ca'u hinh electron ngoai ciing 1^ 2p'. Khi cho dung (j. 23.0,1.100%
M Q j \ko cac 6ng nghifem dung lucmg du cac dung djch: NazCOj, NaOH " ay%'"Na=—\^— = 11,56%
Na2S04. S6 6'ng nghifem sau phan dug c6 k€i tua hidroxit 1^ i p an diing la B.
A. 3 B. 2 C. 4 D. 1
' • Hu&ng ddn gidi ^ ^ U 23: Cho 27,4 gam Ba vao 200 gam dung djch CUSO4 16%, sau cac phan iJng
jioan loan thu duoc dung djch X. Dung djch X c6 kh6'i luong thay d6i so v6i
Ion M ' * C O ca'u hinh electron ngoai cung \h. 2p* => ca'u hinh electron diy (jj^
|ji6'i Iifong dung djch CUSO4 ban dû la
M ^ * la [ N e ] . ( l s 2 2 s 2 2 p ^ ) . ^ . giam 39,2 gam B. giam 38,8 gam ,
•3+ •
Vi M - 3e C . giam 38,4 gam D. tang 27,0 gam '
NelSs^Sp' <t-[Ne Hu&ng ddn gidi
200 16
= > Z M =13(A1);M''^ l a A l ' * Theobaira: =0,2 (mol); ncuso4 = i ^ ^ ^ - j ^ = 0.2 (mol)
PTPU": 2 A I C I 3 + 3Na2C03 + H 2 O ^ 2A1 (OH)^ i +3CO2 + 6 N a C l Ba + 2 H 2 O + CUSO4 -> BaS04 i + C U ( 0 H ) 2 i +H2 t
A I C I 3 + 4 N a O H ( d u ) - > N a [ A l ( O H ) ^ ] + 3NaCl 0,2 ^ 0,2 0,2 -> 0,2 0,2(mol)

Ta c6: mft, + mddCuS04 = m^dx + m i + m |
A I C I 3 + 3NH3 + 3 H 2 O A l ( O H ) j 4 + 3 N H 4 C I
=>mddx =27,4 + 200-(0,2.233 + 0,2.98 + 0,2.2) = !60,8(g) "
A I C I 3 + Na2S04 -> khdng xay ra KhO'i luong dung djch X giam so vdi kh6'i luong dung djch CUSO4 ban din
Dap an dung la B. bang: 200-160,8 = 39,2(g)
c a u 22: Hoa tan hat 19,9 gam h6n hop gdm Na, K, Ba vao nu6c thu duoc 4 lit dunj Dip an diing la A. ^
djch X C O pH = 13. Trung hoa dung djch X bang axit H2SO4 viira dii sau p h a n linj
Q u 24: Cho AlCl., l^n luot tac dung vdri cac dung djch: NH3,Na2C03,Ba(OH)2.
thu duoc 23,3 gam kS't tua. Phdn tram khd'i luong cua Na trong h6n hop trdn la
A. 62,55% B. 11,56% C. 16% D. 17.8% Viet cic phuong trinh phan utig c6 thd' xay ra. ^
pH = 13 => pOH = I => [ 0 H - ] = O.IM => = 4.0,1 = 0,4 (mol) A I C I 3 + 3NH3 + 3 H 2 O - ) • A 1 ( 0 H ) 3 4. + 3 N H 4 C I
23,3 2AICI3 + 3Na2C03 + 3 H 2 O -> 2AI ( O H ) ^ 4- + 6 N a C l + 3CO2 t

K6't tiia thu duoc la BaS04 :"1^"^'^ 2 A I C I 3 + 3 B a ( O H ) 2 ^ 2A1(0H)31+3BaCl2
Na + H 2 O ^ NaOH + I / 2 H 2 K + H2O KOH + I/2H2
2 A l ( O H ) 3 + B a ( 0 H ) 2 ->Ba(A102)2 + 4 H 2 O
X -> X J y
CÛ 25: Tr6n 300 gam dung djch Ba(OH)2 1,254% v6i 500 ml dung djch chiia axit
Ba + 2 H 2 O -> Ba(OH)2 + H2 H3PO40,O4Mva H 2 S O 4 0 , 0 2 M . Tinh khd'i luong cac mu6l thu duoc sau phan ling.
z -> z Hu&ng ddn gidi
=>x + y + 2z = 0,4 (1) v . ; 300 1 954
• ^(°")2 ^ ^ ^'^^^ " " 3 ' ^ 4 = 0.5.0,04 = 0.02 (mol);
23x + 39y + 137z = 19,9 (2) -'-V
"H2SO4 =0,5.0,02 = 0,01 (mol)
H2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 -> BaS04 i + 2 H 2 O
• '••^ z -> z ^Sutien: Ba(OH)2+H2S04->BaS04+2H20 -
=^z = 0,l ' (3) ^ 0,022 0,01 mol
B 0,01 0,01 0,01 mol
T i r ( l , 2 , 3 ) = > x = 0 , l ; y = 0,l; z = 0,l
B" 0.012 mol '
- Saudo Ba(OH)2+2H3P04-).Ba(H2P04)2+2H20
Q^M 27: Cho h6n hop Y g6m ba kim loai K, Zn, Fe vao nirdc du thu diroc 6,72 lit
0,012 0,02 mol jchi (dktc) va con lai chat ran B khdng tan c6 kh<5i lirgng 14,45 gam. Cho B vao
0,01 0,02 0,01 mol 5 100 ml dung djch CUSO4 3M, thu dirge chat ran C c6 khd'i lugmg 16,00 gam. Xac
C6n 0,002 djnh kh6'i lugng m6i kim loai trong Y?
- Sau do Ba(OH)2 + Ba(H2P04)2 -> 2BaHP04 + 2H2O f Hu&ng ddn gidi
Ggi a, b, c la s6' mol cua K, Zn, Fe c6 trong h6n hgp Y.
_ 0,002 0,01 mol 1
Co hai trucmg hgp:
0,002 0,002 0,004 mol ; h
^) TrU&ng hop 1: a > 2b: du KOH -> B chi c6 Fe.
C6n 0,008 ''u ' * )
Phuong trinh phan irng: Fe + Cu"* Fe^* + Cu
=> Kh6'i lucmg cua BaS04 :0,01.233 = 2,33 gam
S6 mol Cu-' = 0,1 . 3 = 0,3 mol.
c o K h 6 i lucmg cua Ba(H2P04)2 :331.0,008 = 2,648 gam
Nau Cu-^ k6t tua hdt thi du Fe mc, = 0,3. 64 = 19,2 (gam) > 16 (gam) -> loai.
Kh6'i luong cua BaHP04 :0,004.233 = 0,932 gam
Vay Cu-" chua kd't tua hdt, Fe tan hdt ^ np, = = — = 0,25(mol)
Cau 26: Hoa tan hoan toan 12,42 gam A l blng m6t lirong vira du dung dich 64 .
, ;
HNO3 loang, thu dixgc dung djch X va 1,344 lit (d dktc) h6n hop khf Y g&m me = 0,25 . 56 = 14 (gam) < 14,45 (gam) -> loai.
hai khi la N3O va N . . Ti kh6'i cua h6n hop khi Y so vdri khi H , la 18. Tinh so
+) Tru&ng hop 2: a < 2b: KOH hdt, Zn du, B chi c6 Zn, Fe.
mol H N O 3 da dung. 2K + 2 H 2 0 - * 2 K O H + H2 2KOH + Zn ^ K2Zn02 + H ,
Hu&ng ddn gidi
a a/2 a/2 a/2
M2khf = 18.2 = 36
Goi a, b \in luot la s6' mol cua NjO va S6-mol H . = - + - = ^ = 0,3(mol)->a = 0,3
2 2 22,4
a + b = 0,06 u
z:>a = b = 0,03 mg =65 b - ^ + 56c = 14,45 (1)
44a + 28b = 2,16 2j
Al Al^+ + 3e (+3NO3) (1) Fe, Zn phan ung vdri Cu"" c6 du Cu"" ndn Fe, Zn hd't:
Zn + Cu-* -> Zn-" + Cu
0,46 mol 1,38 1,38
Fe + Cu-" ->. Fe-" + Cu
2NO3+8e N2O (2)
S6 mol Cu tao ra = — = 0,25 (mol)
0,06 0,24 0,03 64
2NO3 + lOe ^ Nj (3) b - - + c = 0,25 (2)

0,06 0,3 0,03
Giai hd phuong trinh (1) va (2) ta c6 b = c = 0,2
Do s6' mol electron A l nhucmg > t6ng s6' mol electron HNOj nhSn dd' tao N;0
m^ =39.0,3 = 11,7(gam)
N : nen s6' mol electron dir nay HNO3 se nhan de' tao NH4
H6n hgi) Y: | m^„ = 65.0,2 = 13,0(gam)
S6' mol electron do HNO3 nhan tao NH4 = 1,38 - ( 0 , 2 4 + 0,3) = 0.84 mol
mpe =56.0,2 = ll,2(gam)
NO3 + 8c-^.NH; (4)
0,105 0,84 0,105 '
^ "HN03cin ~ "NOJ(mu6i) ^ "NOj(oxi hoa)
= 1,38 + 0,105 + 0,06 + 0,06 + 0,105 = 1,71 mol

Vaydadung 1,71 mol HNO3.
400 Ant
CHUYiN o f 6 : KT THU^T G I A I N H A N H CAC D i ^ N G I Cr(OH)2 + H2SO4 (I) > CrS04 + HÔ
BAI TJSlP yg C R O M - skr - O6NG \ 4Cr(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O > 4Cr(OH)3
4Cr(OH)2 + O2 — ^ 2Cr203 + 4H2O

A. L I THUY^T
1. CROM piûche': CrCl2 + 2NaOH "h^Tngkhi ' Cr(OH)2i +2Naa
1. Cd'u tao cua crom . -u , , ^ Mu6'i crom (II) clorua, C r a 2
- Cr (Z = 24): [Ar] 3d'4s' (ca'u hinh bin bao hoa ga'p phan 16p d). ' CrCl2 ''han la cha't b6t mau trang, tan trong nu6c cho dung djch mau xanh lam.
- Trong hop cha't, crom c6 s6' oxi hoa hi^n d6i tCf + 1 d^n + 6. Ph6 bid'n hon ca Co tinh khijf manh:
cdc s6' oxi hoa +2, + 3 va + 6.
2CrCl2 + Cl2 > 2Cra3 fa K
2. Tinh chat vat li
Crom la kirn loai nang (d = 7,2 g/cm'), c6 mau trdng bac, kho n6ng chay, kho 4Cra2 + O2 + 4HC1 > 4Cra3 + 2H2O
> bay hoi, cumg nh^'t trong s6' cac kim loai. . Diû ch6: Cr + 2HC1 — ^ CrQj + H2
3. Tinh chat hoa hoc
2CrCl3 + H2 — ^ CrCl2 + 2 H a i:
4Cr + 3O2 — ^ 2Cr203
Cra3 + [H] Zn(Hg)/HCI ^ ^^^^ ^ ir<Y
2Cr + 3 0 , — ^ 2Cra3 2. Hop cha't crom (III)

Cr + 2HC1 • CrQz + H^t a. Cr203, crom(III) oxit
- La chat b6t mau luc thSm (dang v6 djnh hinh, khi d dang tinh th6' c6 mau den
Cr + H2SO4 (1) — ^ CrS04 + H^t anh kim), kh6ng tan trong nu6c.
Chii \: Kim loai crom b^n v6i kh6ng khi, nude, dung dich HNO3 dac, ngu6i, - CriOj la m6t oxit ludng tinh: fj
H2SO4 dac, ngu6i la nhcf c6 16p ming oxit bin bao vt (gi6'ng nh6m).
4. Sanxuat ' Cr203 + 2K0H — ^ 2KCr02 + H2O
- Hop cha't ph6 bid'n ciia crom la quang cromit FeO. Cr203 (thuomg c6 13n AI2O3 kali cromit
va"si02). Cr.O, + 6KHSO4 — ^ Cr2(S04)3 + 3K2SO4 + 3H2O
•m' Til quang tach ra ducte Cr203, sau d6 diû chfi'crom bing phuong phap nhiet nh6m: Chu v: Cr203 kh6ng tan trong nu6c, dung dich axit va dung djch ki^m loang.
- Diû che': K2Cr207 + S > Cr203 + K2SO4
CrjOj + 2A1 — ^ 2Cr + AI2O3
n . MOT S 6 HOP CHAT CUA C R O M (NH4)2Cr207 — ^ Cr.Oj + N2 + 4H2O
1. Hop chat crom (H) ^- Cr(0H)3, crom(III) hidroxit
a. CrO, crom (II) oxit La ket tua nhSy, mau luc nhat, kh6ng tan trong nude \h c6 thanh phin bid'n ddi
- CrO la cha't b6t, mau den, khdng tan va khdng tac dung vdi H2O. (Cr203. XH2O).
- Lh. oxit baza va c6 tinh khijf: C6 tinh chat lu5ng tinh:
CrO + 2 H a > C r a , + H2O Cr(OH)3 + 3Ha<j<„ > Cra3 + SHjO

4CrO + O2 — ^ 2Cr203 1^ Cr(0H)3 + NaOH(dd) > Na[0(OH)4] ""^
- Diûchfi': 2Cr(Hg) + 02(kk) > 2CrO + Hg (1)
Kern ben nhiet: 2a(OH)3 — ^ C r A + 3H2O
b. Cr(OH)2, crom(ll) hidroxit
- Cr(OH)2 la cha't ran, mau vang, kh6ng tan trong nude. Jiiûche': Cr'* + 30H- > Cr(OH)3i
- La m6t bazo va c6 tinh khCr:
c. Mu6'i crom (III)
KSAT i
- Viifa c6 ti'nh oxi hoa, vira c6 tinh khis: Hr:a'u tao °^
(Z = 26): [Ar] 3dMs- hay [Ar]
2CrCl3 + Zn > ICrCh + ZnCl^
^ • r r o n g hop chat sat c6 s6' oxi hoa + 2 hoac + 3: Itil t i t I t i t
2CrCl3 + 3C1, + 16NaOH > 2Na,Cr04 + 12Naa + SHÔ Hpe-' : [Ar] 3d* hay [Ar]
J 2CrCl3 + 3H.O2 + lOKOH > 2K3Cr04 + 6KC1 + m.O ^fipc^* : [Ar] 3d' hay [Ar] T 1
- Phen crom - kali: K,S04.Cr2(S04)3.24H,0 2 Tinh chat vat li Tit t t t
C6 mû xanh tfm, dung di thu6c da, lam chat cdm mû trong nganh nhu6m vai sat la kim loai nang, mau trlng xam, deo, nhifit d6 n6ng chay, nhifit d6 s6i cao
3. Hop cha't crom (VI) d5n difin, din nhiat t6't, dac biet c6 tfnh nhilm tir.
a. Cr03, crom (VI) oxit 3 Tinh chat hoa hoc
" LJk chat ran, mau do thSm, tan va tac dung vdi nu6c. sat CO tinh khir trung binh, bi oxi hoa thanh ion Fe"* hoac Fe'*.
- La oxit axit: fi
Fe + S — — > FeS (sat (II) sunfua) i
CrOj + H2O > U.CrO^ axit cromic ,0 .'5
3Fe + 2O2 >^ Fe304 (FcjOj.FeO, oxit sat tir) j
2Cr03 + H.O > HjCrjO, axit dicromic
- Co tinh oxi hoa rat manh: 2Fe + 3 0 2 2FeCl3 (sat (III) clorua)
2Cr03 + 2NH3 > CrjOj + + SHÔ Fe + 2HC1 ->Fea, + H,t
4Cr03 + 3C > 2Cr,03 + 3CO2 Fe + H2SO4 (1) > FeS04 + H 2 t
- D\6u ch6': K A : © ; + H2SO4 ^^^^ ——> ICrO^ i + K 2 S O 4 + H.O 2Fe + 6H2SO4 (dac) — ^ Fe2(S04)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
b. Mu6'i cromat va dicromat Fe + 4HNO3 (1) > Fe(N03)3 + N O t + 2H2O
- Diu C O tinh oxi hoa manh:
Fe + CuS04,dd, > Cu i + FeS04
K^CroO, + S — ^ CT.O, + K,S04
Fe + 3 AgN03 (du) > Fe(NO,), + 3 Ag i
KjCr,©; + 6FeS04 + 7H2SO4 Cr2(S04)3 + 3Fe,(S04)3 + K,S04 + TH.O
3Fe + 4H20 '"^"""'^ > Fe304 + 4H2t
KjCr.O, + 6KI + 7H2SO4 > Cr2(S04)3 + 4K2SO4 + 31, + IH.O
Fe-HH20 '""^^""^ ) FeO-HH2t
KjCrjO, + 14HC1 > iOit + 2KC1 + 2Cra3 + THjO
- Sir chuyd'n hoa I5n nhau gii?a mu6'i cromat va mu6'i dicromat: 4Fe + 302(kk, + 6H20(kk) > 4Fe(OH)3 (gi sat)
2CrO^" + 2 H " ?=i 2HCr04 ?=> Cr20/- + HjO Chu v:
mku vang mû da cam Axit H N O 3 dac, ngu6i; H 2 S O 4 dac, nguoi khong tdc dung vdi Fe ma con lam
Can bang nay ra't nhay cam v<5ri sir bie'n ddi pH ciia dung dich: khi pH giam (m'^' kcho sat tro nen thu d6ng.
truomg c^ng axit) can bang chuyd'n dich v^ b6n phai (tao ra dung djch mau da I Fe + 2AgN03 > Fe(N03)2 + 2Ag i ' \'
cam), khi pH tang (m6i truomg cang kiem) can bang chuyd'n dich v^ bfen trai (t?"
ra dung djch mau vang). t Fe(N03)2 + AgN03 (du) > Fe(N03)3 + Ag4'
- Phan utig tao thanh k6't tua: Fe + 3AgN03 (du) — Fe(N03)3 + 3Ag>l' • 1•
Trang thai tir nhien
K2Cr04 + BaCU > BaCr04i +2Ka
Sat la nguyen t6' c6 d6 ph6 bie'n dung hang thii tir trong cac nguySn t6 (sau oxi,
K2Cr207 + AgNOj > hg^Cv.O, i + 2KNO3 silic, nh6m), dixng hang thii hai trong cac kim loai (sau nh6m).
K2C1O4 + AgN03 > Ag2Cr04 i + 2KNO3 Mot s6' quang sat quan trong:
405
+ QuSng hematit do: FcjOj khan.
CO + SFcjOj "^"""^ > 2Fe304 + C O j t (pMn trdn ciia than 16).
+ QuSng hematit nftu: Fe203.nH20.
+ Quang manhetit: Fe304. * i CO + Fe304 5(X)-60o"c ^ 3FeO + C O i t (phfin giOa ciia than 16).
+ QuSng xiderit: FeCO,.
CO + FeO 700-80o"c ^ _^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^
+ QuSng pirit sit: FeSj.
Chu v; - Hop chtft sat con c6 mat trong h6ng c5u cua mau. 1500^ C
Fe(„i„gehiy) + C„h,„,&) > gang (phan bung 16).
- sat tu do CO trong cac manh thi6n thach.
5. Gang CaCO, ) CaO + CO^T
Gang la hop kim cua sat voi cacbon ( 2 - 5 % ) , ngoai ra con c6 m6t luong nho Si
CaO + SiOj ' " ^ " ' ^ > CaSiOj (phdn bung 16) , ;
M n , S,... ' " '
a. Phan loai gang: CO 2 loai: canxi silicat (xi) ji®! : i •
* Gangtrang: Thep
- Chiia nhiû xementit FcjC (mau trang), chiia it C. ^ Thep la hop k i m ciia Fe v6i C (< 2%), ngoai ra c6n c6 m6t s6 nguyfin t6' khac
- Ra't ciJng va gion. (Si, M n , Cr, N i , . . . ) .
- Duoc dung de luydn thep. San xua't thep:
* Gang xam: NguySn tac:
- Quia nhi£u C 6 dang than chi (mau den) va Si. Giam ham lirong cac tap cha't C, Si, S, M n , ... c6 trong gang bang cdch oxi hoa
- K e m Cling va kem gion hon gang trang. Gang xam nong chay la cha't long linh cac tap cha't do thanh oxit r6i bife'n thanh x i va tach ra khoi th6p.
d6ng va khi hoa ran thi tang th^ ti'ch. Nguydn lidu san xua't thep.
- Duoc dung d^ due cac b6 phan cua may moc, 6ng d3n nuoc,... Gang trang hoac gang xam, sat thep phd' lidu.
b. San xu^t gang: K h i oxi (phSn Idn khi O2 do con ngu6i san xua't ra dung d^ luyfin kim). ' ''
* Nguydn tac: khil quang sat oxit bang chat khtr C O or nhidt d6 cao (phirong phap Chat chay: CaO. > -Sift
nhifet luydn) Nhien lidu: dSu maziit hoac khf d6't. ;?<.•;.(]/:
NhOng phan ling xay ra trong qua trinh luydn gang thanh thep. FcjO^ > FeO > Fe '^^ > gang.
C + O2 >CO,t ?fei^Wi,r^-.:0
* Nguyen li6u: '.•IF ;.rv*i
- Quang sat: Q u i a FejOj hoac Fe304.
S + O2 >S02T • . ..H^
- Than c6'c: Co 3 vai tro:
+ Cung ca'p nhiet cho phan ling khi chay. Si + O2 > SiOj
+ Tao chat khir CO. 4 P + 5O2 )• 2P2O5
+ Hoa tan vao sat nong chay -> tao gang.
CaO + SiO, >CaSi03(xi) '
- Chat chay: C a C O j (da v6i) hoac SiO, (cat).
3CaO + P205 > Ca3(P04)2(xi)
Diing cha't chay de loai bo tap chat kho nong chay trong quang sit thanh xi (1^
mu6'i silicat, d l nong chay, ndi trdn gang). . M O TSd HOP CHAT C U A SAT
- Kh6ng khi: Di d6t chay than c6c, tao cha't khir CO va tao ra nhiet d6 cao c^n Hop chat sat (II)
thie't de cac phan ling hoa hoc c6 the xay ra. Tinh ch& hoa hoc dac t n m g ciia hop cha't sat (II) la tinh khiSf: <v' s^-fvi
Khdng khi dua vao 16 cang giau O,, cang nong cang t6't. Fe-" > F e ' " + le • "'^•|€)'
c. Cac phan ling xay ra trong qua trinh luydn quang sat thanh gang. FeO, sat (II) oxit.
C + O, > C O , (tao ra t° = 1800°C). FeO la chat ran, rriau den.
La oxit baza: FeO + 2Ha • F e Q z + HzO
CO, + C '•^"""'^ > 2CO (phan trdn cua bung 16).
407
- ViJra C O tinh khu, viTa c6 tinh oxi hod:
^ 4Fe(N03)2 '° > 2Fe203 + SNO, + Oj ^ '
3FeO+10HNO3 )• 3Fe(N03)3 + N O + SH.O
4FeC03 + 02 '° ) 2Fe203 + 4C02 .
4FeO + O, '° > 2Fe203 '
' ,0 I 4FeS2 +110, — ^ 2Fe203 + 8SO2 *' '
FeO + CO —!—> Fe + CO, piû ch6': Bang each cho Fe, FeO hoac Fe(OH)2, ... tAc dung vdi axit HQ hoac
H,S04 loang:
* Diû che': FeÔj + C O > 2FeO + CO^ ' ' "
Fe + 2Ha > FeCU + H,
Fe + HjO —5-^^^2_£_> FeO + H2
FeO + H2SO4 > FeSO, + H.O
b. Fe(OH)2, sat (H) hidroxit '
Hoac cho sat kim loai tac dung vod dung djch mu6'i sat (III):
- La chat ran, mau trlng xanh, kh6ng tan trong nu6c.
Fe + 2Fea3 > 3FeCl2
-î K6m bin: Fe(OH)^ — ^ FeO + aO (khdng c6 khdng khiO.
" Fe + 2Fe'* > 3Fe-*
- Co tinh khir: 4Fe(OH)2 + O^ + 2H,0 > 4Fe(OH)3 i
hoac Cu + Fe2(S04)3 > CUSO4 + 2FeS04
Trang xanh Do nau
Cu + 2Fe^* > Cu-* + 2Fe^*
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 — ^ 2Fe203 + 4H2O
Hop chat sat (III)
3Fe(OH)2 + IOHNO3 > 3Fe(N03)3 + NO + 8H2O , Tinh chat hoa hoc dac trung cua hop chat sat (III) la tinh oxi hoa:
2Fe(OH)2 + 4H2SO4 (dac) > Fe2(S04)3 + SO2 + 6H2O ^ Fe^*+le > Fe-*
- Co tinh bazo: Fe(OH)2 + H2S04(1) > FeSO, + 2H2O. Wr'' Fe'* + 3e > Fe°
- Diû che': Fe'* + 20H" > FeCOH),^ (tie'n hanh thi nghidm trong di6u kian sat (III) oxit, Fe203
khdng c6 kh6ng khQ. Fe203 la chat ran, mau do nau, kh6ng tan trong nu6c.
c. Mu6'isat(II) U oxit bazo: Fe203 + 6HC1 > 2FeC\y + 3H2O

- Da s6' mu6'i sat (II) khi ke't tinh tir dung dich thucmg d dang ngam nude. Thi du:
Fe203 + 6HNO3 > 2Fe(N03)3 + 3H2O
FeS04. 7H2O; F e a 2 . 6H2O;
- Mu6'i sat (II) dd bi oxi hoa boi cac cha't oxi hoa manh: Fe203 + 3H2SO4 (dac) — ^ Fe2(S04)3 + 3H2O
2FeCl2 + Qz > SFeClj C6tinh oxi hoa:
(luc nhat) (vang nau)

Fe203 + 3C0 — ^ 2Fe + 3CO,t
f
10FeSO4 + 2KMn04 + 8H2S04-> 5Fe2(S04)3 + 2MnS04 + K2SO4 + 8H2O
Fe203 + 2A1 — ! ^ 2Fe + AUO,
Fe(N03)2 + AgNOj > Fe{NOj)j + Agi
3FeC03 + IOHNO3 > 3Fe(N03)3 + 3CO2 + NO + SHjO
9Fe(N03)2 + 12Ha > 5Fe(N03)3 + 4Fea3 + 3NO + 6H2O che': 2Fe(OH)3 — ^ Fe203 + 3H2O
9Fe(N03)2 + 6H2SO4 > 5Fe(N03)3 + 2Fe2(S04)3 + 3NO + 6H2O 4Fe(OH), + 0,„t) > 2Fe,03 + 4 H , 0
(3Fe-* + N O ; + 4H* > 3Fe^* + NO + 2H2O) 4FeO + O2 2Fe203
6FeS04 + 3 0 2 > 2Fe2(S04)3 + 2Fea3 4Fe(N03)2 — ^ 2Fe203 + SNO, + O2

- Khi nung m0t s6' mu6'i sat (II) tao thanh oxit sdt (III):
g 4Fe(N03)3 — ^ 2Fe203 + I 2 N O 2 + 3O2
408 4FeS2 + 1IO2 > IFcÔj + SSOj v.
b. sat (III) hidroxit, Fe(OH)3
- Fe(OH)3 la chat ran, mau ndu do, kh6ng tan trong nude. , Ca'utao
- Cotinh baza: . -. Cu (Z = 29): [Ar] 3d'°4s' (ca'u hinh bao hoa ga'p phan Idp d).
Fe(OH)3 + 3Ha > FeOj + SHÔ Trong hop chat, d6ng C O s6'oxi hoa ph6 bie'n la + 1 va + 2.
ca'u hinh electron cua cac ion dong:
>i;y<' DH n Fe(OH)3 + SHNO, > Fe(NO,h + 3H2O Cu*: [ A r ] 3 d " '
2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 (d) > Fe2(S04)3 + 6H2O Cu-*: [Ar] 3d'
p^ng la kim loai chuyen tid'p, d nhom IB, so vdi kim loai of nhom l A :
- Diûche': Fe^^ + 30H- > Fe(OH)3i "
+ Kim loai Cu c6 ban kinh nguydn tu nho hon.
c. Mu6'i sat (III)
+ Ion d6ng c6 didn tich Idn hem.
- Mu6'i sat (III) khi ke't tinh tir dung djch thucmg or dang ngam nu6c:
+ Kim loai d6ng c6 kis'u mang tinh thi dac chac hon (Cu c6 kiû mang lap
FeCl3. 6H,0; Fe,(S04)3. 9 H , 0 , . . . phuomg tam didn, kim loai nhom l A c6 kiû mang lap phuong tarn kh6'i).
- Mu6'i sat (III) th^ hidn tinh oxi hoa: =i> lien kd't trong don chat d6ng b^n vOng hon.
2FeCl3 + Fe > SFeQj 2, Tinh chat vat If
D6ng la kim loai nang, mû do, deo, dSn di6n va dSn nhidt rat t6't (chi thua bac).
2FeCl3 + Cu > 2Fe02 + CuQ,
3. Tinh chat hoa hoc . .. u . ...
2FeCl3 + 2KI > 2FeCl2 + 1 . + 2KC1
£)6ng 1^ kim loai kem hoat d6ng, c6 tinh khi^ yfiu.
2FeCl3 + H2S > 2FeCl2 + S + H Q
.0
2Cu,b«,) + 0 2 „ k ) — ^ 2CuO
2FeCl3 + Zn > 2Fea2 + Z n Q ,
- Tham gia phan utig trao d6i: Cu + CI2 -> CuQ,
2FeCl3 + SNa.COa + SHjO -> 2Fe(OH)3 + SCOat + 6Naa Cu + S ' ) CuS

- Diû che':
2Cu + 4HC1 + 02(kk, ). 2CUCI2 + 2H2O
Cdch 7: TCr Fe hoac hop chat sat (II) vdri cac cha't oxi hoa manh nhir Clj, HNO3
2Cu + 2H2SO4 + 02(kk, > 2CUSO4 + 2H2O
H2SO4 dac, nong,...
Cu + 2H2SO'4(dlc) -> CUSO4 + SO2 + 2 H , 0
ji ;,j , Fe + a , ——> FeClj
3Cu + 8HNO3 > 3Cu(N03)2 + 2NOt + 4H2O
Fe + 4HNO3 — ^ Fe(N03)3 + NO + 2H2O
C u + 4HNO3 > Cu(N03)2 + 2N02t + 2H2O
Cdch 2: Tit hop chat sat (III) vdi axit:
Cu + 2AgN03 Cu(N03)2 +2Ag>l
FeÔj + 3H2SO4 > Fe2(S04)3 + 3H2O
Fe(OH)3 + 3HC1 > FeC^ + 3H2O Cu + 2Fea3 2Fea, + CuCl,
QhuJi Cu kh6ng tac dung vdi H2, N2, C,...
3. Oxit sat tir, Fe304
' tiiû che dong
Fe304 C O the coi la Fe203. FeO.
3Fe304 + 8A1 — 9 F e + 4AI2O3 CuO + CO Cu + CO,!
Fe304 + 4 C O — ^ 3Fe + 4CO2 3CuO + 2NH3 3Cu + N , + 3H.O

dpdd
Fe304 + ma > IFeCh + F e a 2 + 4H2O CUSO4 + H2O > CU + H2SO4+ - O 2 T
3Fe304 + 28HNO3 > 9Fe(N03)3 + NO + HH.O

2Cu,0 + Cu.S -> 6Cu + SO,
IFeÔ, + IOH2SO4 > 3Fe2(S04)3 + SO2 + IOH2O
41 1
V I . M O T SO HOP C H A T CUA D 6 N G 2 Au, vang
1. D6ng (II) oxit, CuO ' A u ( Z =79): [Xe] 4f"'5d"'6s'
- CuO la chat ran, mau den, khong tan trong nude. Trong hop cha't, vang c6 s6' oxi hoa pho bien la + 3 va + 1.
- La oxit bazor: CuO + 2HC1 > CuCl, + H.O Vang la kim loai deo nha't trong tat ca cac kim loai, tao duoc h6n h6'ng vdi
0 thiJy ngan.
. Cotinhoxihoa: CuO + CO > Cu + CO, J ; , Vang CO ti'nh khu ra't yd'u, tan duoc trong nude cuomg toan ( I V HNO3 dac + 3V
3CuO + 2NH3 '° > 3Cu + N , + 3H2O gCl dac), tao phiJc tan voi mu6'i xianua: ',
Au + HNO3 + 3Ha > A u Q , + NO + 2H,0

CuO + Cu — ^ CU2O
v.':,i ,0 2Au + 4NaCN + O, + H , 0 > 2Na[Au(CN),] + 2NaOH
3 jvfi, niken
- DifiuchS': CuCOH), _J—>. CuO + HjO
Ni (Z = 28): [Ar]3d'4s-.
2Cu(N03), — ^ 2CuO + 4NO2 + O, . Trong hop cha't, niken c6 s6' oxi hoa ph6 bie'n la + 2 va + 3.
. Niken la kim loai nang, mau trang bac, ra't cihig.
CuCOj.CuCOH): — ^ 2CuO + CO.T + H.O . Niken c6 tfnh khif yeu hon sat:
2. D6ng (II) hidroxit, Cu(OH)2
- Cu(OH)2 la chat ran, mau xanh lam, khdng tan trong nirdc. Ni + CU Nia,
,0
2Ni + O, — ^ 2NiO
- Kern ben: Cu(OH), CuO + H.O
Ni + 2HC1 > N i a , + H,t
- Co ti'nh bazo: Cu(OH), + 2HCI > CuCU + 2H,0
- Tao phiic: Cu(OH), + 4NH3 > [Cu(NH3)4]'-" + 20H- 3Ni + 8HNO3 (loang) > 3Ni(N03)2 + 2 N 0 t + 4 H , 0 :,
xanh lam (dd) ChuJ^ + Kim loai Ni ban voi kh6ng khi, nu6c la do c6 16p oxit b^n bao v6.
Chii y; Cu(OH)2 c6 kha nang tao phiic vdi cac cha't nhir ancol da chiic, peptit, + CQng nhu Fe, Ni cung bi thu d6ng hoa bdi HNO3 dac, ngu6i; H2SO4 dac,
- Diûche': Cu-^ + 2 0 H - > Cu(OH)2i ngu6i.
3. Dong (II) sunfat, CUSO4
+ Khac voi sat, d6'i voi niken trang thai oxi hoa + 2 dac trung hon + 3.
- CUSO4 khan la chat ran, mau trang, hao nu6c (ha'p thu nu6c thanh CuSO4.5H;0
^ Zn, kem
CO mau xanh). Tan tot trong nudrc tao thanh dung djch c6 mau xanh lam (man
- Zn(Z = 30): [Ar]3d'°4s-
cua dung dich chura ion Cu"*).
Trong hop chat, kem c6 s6' oxi hoa + 2.
- Di6u che': 2Cu + 2H2SO4 (1) + O, > 2CUSO4 + 2 H 2 O
Kem la kim loai hoat d6ng, c6 tfnh khir manh.
Cu + 2H,S04 ,dac) — ^ CUSO4 + SO2T + 2H,0
2Zn + O, — 2 Z n O
V I I . SO LUOC V ^ M O T SO K I M L O A I K H A C
Zn + S — ^ ZnS
1. Ag,bac
- A g ( Z = 47):[Ar]4d'°5s'. Zn + 2HC1 > ZnCU + H.
- Trong hcfp cha't, bac c6 s6 oxi hoa ph6 bien la +1. 4Zn + 5H,S04 (dac) > 4ZnS04 + H2S + 4H2O
- Bac CO tinh khif yd'u:
4Zn + IOHNO3 (1) > 4Zn(N03)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O
Ag + HNO3 (d^) > AgN03 + NO2T + H2O
Zn + CUSO4 > Cu + ZnS04
4Ag + 0 , + 2H,S > A g , S i + 2H,0
Zn + 2FeCl3 > ZnCU + 2Fea, :' ,
den
Zn + 2NaOH + 2H2O > Na2[Zn(OH)4] + p CAC DANG BAI TAP T R O N G D£ THI TUY^N SINH DH-CD
Zn + 4NH3 + 2H2O > [Zn(NH3)4](OH), + H^T Dang I: Bdi tap ve crom vd harp chat '
4Zn + NaNOj + 7NaOH > 4Na2Zn02 + NH3 + H2O J \j\t v a n d u n g v a phurcmg p h a p giai: •< ' 1
5. Sn.thie'c if fjam vihig cac tinh cha't c i a crom va hcKp cha't c i a crom (xem 0 phSn li thuyfi't v^
crom va cac hop chat ctia crom):
S n ( Z = 50):[Kr]4d'°5sV-
- Trong hop ch^t, thiec c6 s6' oxi hoa la + 2 va + 4. Kim loai crom tao thanh cac san ph^m c6 s6' oxi hoa khac nhau khi tac dung vdi
- Thiec la kim loai nang, mau trSng bac, deo, de nong chay (t"^ = 232°C). cic chat khac nhau:
- Thie'c la kim loai c6 tinh khir yeu hon kem va niken. Cr + 2HC1 (dung djch) ^ C r O j + H2
2Cr + 3 0 2 ^ 2CK:13 y ^
Sn + O , > SnO,
4Cr + 3O2 — ^ 2Cr203 jir
Sn + H C l > SnCl, +
Sn + H2SO4 (loang) > SnS04 + H2 Cr + H2SO4 (1) — ^ CrS04 + H2T

. Cac hop cha't crom (II) c6 tinh khijf, hop cha't crom (III) viifa c6 tinh oxi hoa viTa
3Sn + 8 H N O 3 (loang) > 3Sn(N03)2 + 2NO + 4H2O c6 tinh khu, hop chat crom ( V I ) c6 tinh oxi hoa:
i Sn + 4 H N O 3 (dac) > H2Sn03i + 4NO2T + H j O
4CrO + O2 2Cr203
Sn + 4H2SO4 (dac) > Sn(S04)2 + 2SO2 + 4H2O •
4Cr(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O > 4Cr(OH)3
Sn + 2 N a O H + 2H2O > Na2[Sn(OH)4] + H2 .0
4Cr(OH)2 + O2 — > 2Cr203 + 4H2O
6. Pb.chi
- Pb (Z = 82): [Xe] 4f''Sd'êsV- 2CrCl3 + Zn > 2CrCl2 + ZnClj
- Trong cac hop chat, chi c6 s6' oxi hoa + 2 v^ + 4. Hop cha't c6 s6' oxi hoa +2 la 2CrCl3 + 3CI2 + 16NaOH > 2Na2Cr04 + 12Naa + 8H2O
ph6 bien va b^n hon.
2Cr03 + 2NH3 > Cr203 + N2 + 3H2O
- Chi la kim loai nang, mau trSng xanh, mem, deo, nong chay.
- Chi C O tinh khir ye'u: 4Cr03+ 3C >2Cr203 + 3C02
• Cac hop chat crom (II) c6 tinh bazo, hop chat crom (III) c6 tinh lir5ng tinh, hop
Pb + 3H2S04(dac) — ^ Pb(HS04)2 + SOj + 2H2O chat crom ( V I ) c6 ti'nh axit:
3Pb + 8 H N O 3 (loang) > 3Pb(N03)2 + 2NO + 4H2O CrO + 2 H a > CrCU + H2O
2Pb + O2 — ^ 2PbO Cr(OH)2 + H2SO4 (1) > CrS04 + H2O
Pb + CI2 — ^ Pba, Cr203 + 2KOH — ^ 2KCr02 + HjO S1
Pb + S — ^ PbS (den) Cr203 + 6KHSO4 — ^ Cr2(S04)3 + 3K2SO4 + 3H2O.
2Pb + 2H2O + O2 > 2Pb(OH)2 Cr(OH)3 + 3Ha(dd) > CrCl3 + 3H2O.
Pb + 2 K O H + 2H2O > K2[Pb(OH)4] + H2T Cr(OH)3 + NaOH > Na[Cr(OH)4] ^
CrOj + H2O > U^CTO^ axit cromic "
2Cr03 + H2O > HjCrjO, axit dicromic

mu6'i cromat va dicromat dû c6 tinh oxi hoa manh va c6 sir chuyd'n hoa \kn
'''lau phu thu6c vao pH ciia m6i trucmg:
K.Crfi, + 6FeS04 + 7H,S04 ^ Cr2(S04)3 + 3Fe2(S04)3 + K,S04 + THÔ CrCl3 + 3NaOH -> Cr(OH)3 + 3 N a a
K j C r . O , + 6 K I + 7H2SO4 ). Cr2(S04)3 + 4K2SO4 + 31, + VHÔ Cr(OH)3 + N a O H -> Na[Cr(OH)4]
£)dp an diing la A.
K.CuO, + 14HC1 > 3Ch1- + 2KC1 + 2CrCl3 + 7 H , 0 , ^
2CrO^- <i± 2 H C r 0 4 <=> C r A ' + HÔ , j-Hidu 3: Cho s o d 6 phan irng: C r — ^ g | § i ^ X "'^""("^"2
mau vkng maudacam BiA Y la hop chat ciia crom. Hai chat X Y lin luot 1^ ' ;
•= Phucmg phap giai cac bai tap dang nay:
A. CrCl3 va K.Crfi^. B. CrCl3 va K2Cr04.
Phucmg phap bao toan electron.
C. C r C l , va Cr(OH)3. D. C r C l , va K,Cr04.
- Phirong phap bao toan khoi lucmg.
• Phucmg phap bao toan nguydn t6'. (Trich de tuyen sink Cao dang khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
I. Cac t h i du m i n h hoa:
PTHH: 2Cr + 3 C l 2 - > 2 C r C l 3 (X) .
Thidu 1: Cho cac phat h'liu sau:
(a) Trong bang tuSn hoan cac nguyfin t6' hoa hoc, crom thu6c chu k i 4, nhom 2C1CI3 + 16KOH + 3CI2 2K2Cr04 + 1 2 K a + S H j O
VIB (X) (Y)

(b) Cac oxit cua crom deu la oxit baza. p dn diing la B.
(c) Trong cac hgrp chat, s6' oxi hoa cao nha't cua crom la +6
Thidu 4: Nhan xet nao sau day k h d n g diing?
(d) Trong cac phan img hoa hoc, hofp chat crom (III) chi dong vai tro chat oxi
hoa A. SO3 va Cr03 dû la oxit axit.
(e) K h i phan ling v6i khi du, crom tao ra hop ch^t crom ( I I I ) . B. BaS04 va BaCr04 hû nhu khdng tan trong nude.
Trong cac phat b'liu trdn, nhOng phat biû diing la:
C. F e ( O H ) 2 va C r ( O H ) 2 bazo va c6 tinh khij.
A. (b), (c) va (e) B. (a), (c) va (e).
C. (b), (d) va (e). D. (a), (b) va (e). A 1 ( 0 H ) _ , va C r ( O H ) 3 d l u la hidroxit ludng tinh va c6 tinh khir.
(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khoi A nam 201^
(Trich dethi tuyen sink DH khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Hu&ng ddn gidi
- Cac phat biû diing: (a); (c); (e)
• SO3 va CrOj dau la oxit axit:
- Cac phat bieu sai:
SO3 + H 2 O ^ H2SO4 (axit sunfuric)
+ (b) VI Cr03 la oxit a x i t , . . .
+ (d) VI crom ( I I I ) c6 ihi la chat khir: Cr03 + H 2 O -> H2Cr04 (axitcromic)
2CrCl3 + 3CU + 16KOH 2K:Cr04 + 12KC1 + 8 H , 0
Mud'i BaS04, BaCr04 tan rat it trong nuoc.
Dap an diing la B.
„ + C h dir V +dungdichNaOH,dir w Fe(OH)2 va C r ( 0 H ) 2 d i u la baza v a c 6 tinh khir: /
Thi du 2: Cho so 66 phan ihig: Cr ^ >X ^ >Y
M(OH)2+2HCl->.MCl2+2H20 ' '
Chat Y trong so d6 trtn la
A. Na[Cr(OH)4] B. N a A : © , C. Cr(0H)3 D. Cr(0H)3 4 M (OH)^ + O2 + 2 H 2 O -> 4 M (OH)3
(Trich dethi tuyen sink DH khoi A nam 20}:^ Al(OH)3 kh6ng CO tinh khu. ' 1 • . ' <•
Hu&ng ddn gidi =^ Phat bieu khdng dung la D.
Sa d6: Cr -> CrClj Na[Cr(0H)4] £>ip an dung la D. y
PTHH: 2Cr + 3CU 2Cra3

Thi du 5: Nhan xet nao sau day k h o n g diing? CrOg + H2O H2Cr04 (axit cromic)
A . Crom la k i m loai cihig nha't trong tit ca cac kirn loai. 2Cr03 + H 2 0 - > H 2 C r 2 0 7 (axit dicromic)
B. vat dung lam bang nhom va crom dû bin trong khdng k h i va nuoc vi c6 ^ Phat bie'u kh6ng dung la D .
mang oxit bao vd. p d p an diing la D .
C. Nh6m va crom dû phan ufng vdi dung dich H C l theo cung ti 16 s6' m o l .
D . Nh6m v^ crom d i u bi thu d6ng hoa bcfi H N O , dac, ngu6i. ! +2 +3 +6
CrO Cr203 C1O3
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoi A]
Tinh axit-bazo Bazo LuSng tinh Axit
Hu&ng dan gidi .^xkiuru-
Tinh oxi hoa - KhiJr manh Viifa khiif
khtf O x i hoa manh
I y PTHH: A l + 3HC1 - > AICI3 H.
+1H2 - — oxi hoa yd'u Viifa oxi hoa
2
1 -> 3 Thi du 8: Cho m gam b6t crom phan ling hoan loan vdi dung dich H C l (du), thiT
dugfc V lit khi H j (dktc). Mat khac, cung m gam b6t crom trdn phan iJng hoan
Cr + 2 H C l - > > C r C l 2 + H 2
toan vdri khi O , (du), thu dugc 15,2 gam oxit duy nhSft. Gia t r i ciia V la
1 2
A . 2,24 B.6,72 C. 4,48 D. 3,36
i=> Phat bieu C kh6ng dung. . (Trich de tuyen sinh Cao ddng - Khoi A)
Thi du 6: Di dieu che duoc 78 gam Cr tir CT.O^ (du) bang phuomg phap nhiei
15,2
nh6m v6i Witu sua't ciia phan ling la 90% thi khoi luong b6t nh6m c^n dung Theo bai ra: nc^Q, = = ^' ^ ^^^^^
t6'i thiS'u la
A . 40,5 gam B. 81,0 gam C. 54,0 gam D . 45,0 gam 2Cr + | o 2 -^CrjOj Cr + 2HC1- • C1CI2 + H2 t
0,2 0,2 ( m o l )
0,2 < - 0,1 ( m o l )
Hu&ng dan gidi
to
78 Vay: V = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48(1)
Theo bai ra: U Q = = l,5(mol) Dap an diing la C.
' y 2A1 + C r 2 0 3 — ^ 2 C r + Al203 Thi du 9: K h i cho luong d u dung djch K O H vao 6'ng n g h i f m dung dung dich
kali dicromat, dung dich trong 6'ng nghidm
1,5 <- 1,5 mol
A . chuyen tiT mau vang sang mau da cam .,
B. chuyen tiir mau vang sang mau do
V i H = 90% n6n: m ^ , = ' ' ^ " ^ ^ ^ ' ^ = 45,0(gam)
C. chuyd'n tiT mau da cam sang mau vang
Dap an diing la D . ^ D. chuyen tir mau da cam sang mau xanh luc.
Thidu 7: Phat bi6'u nao sau day k h o n g diing? (Trich de tuyen sinh Cao ddng khoi A)
A . Ancol etylic boc chay khi tid'p xiic vdi CrOj Hu&ng ddn gidi
B. Crom ( I I I ) oxit va crom ( I I I ) hidroxit d6u la cha't c6 tinh lu5ng tinh. fPTHH xay ra:
C. K h i phan ling vdfi dung dich H C l , k i m loai Cr bi oxi hoa thanh ion Cr^*
K2Cr207 + 2 K O H - > 2K2Cr04 + H2O
D. Crom ( V I ) oxit la oxit baza.
kali dicromat kali crromat
(Trich de tuyen sinh Cao ddng - Khoi^
(da cam) (vang)
Hu&ng dan gidi
E>ap an diing 1^ C.
Crom ( V I ) oxit CrOj la oxit ax it:
41Q
Thi du 10: Hi6n tiromg xay ra khi nho vai giot dung dich H2SO4 vô dung djcj^ K h i them k i ^ m ( O H ) thi + OH" > HÔ
Na2Cr04la ^ [ H * ] giam => can bang trfin chuy^n sang trai, tiJc la mu6i dicromat se chuy^n
A . dung dich chuy^n tif mau vang sang khdng mau. ; thanh muO'i cromat.
B. dung djch chuy^n tCif mû da cam sang mû vang. ipip dn diing la A,
C. dung dich chuy^n tiir mau vang sang mau da cam. ..if > ffti du 12: K h i cho 41,4 gam h6n hop X g6m F c j O j , Cr203 va AI2O3 tac dung
D . dung dich c h u y i n tir kh6ng mau sang mû da cam. vdi dung djch NaOH dac (du), sau phan ihig thu duoc chat rSn c6 khO'i luong
(Trich dituyen sink Dai hoc khoiA\ 16 gam. Di khix hoan toan 41,4 gam X bang phan ufng nhiet nhOm, phai diing
10,8 gam A l . Thanh phSn phin tram theo kh6i luong ciia Cr203 trong h6n hop
Hu&ng ddn gidi
X la (cho hieu sua't ciia cac phan utig la 100%)
PTHH: 2Na2Cr04+H2S04^Na2Cr207+Na2S04 + H20 '
A . 36,71%. B. 50,67%. C. 66,67%. D . 20,33%.
mau v^ng mau da cam (Trich De thi tuyen sink Cao dang khdi A)
Dap an diing la C.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Thi dull: Phat biû khong dung la:
, Goi X, y, z I^n luot la s6' mol Fe203, Cr203, AI2O3 trong h6n hop X .
A . Cac hop chat C f j O j , Cr(OH)3, CrO, Cr(OH)2 dû c6 tfnh chSft lu6ng tinh.
|Theo bai ra ta c6: 160.x + 152.y + 102.z = 41,4 (1)
B. Hop chat C r ( I I ) c6 tfnh khijf dac trung c6n hop chat C r ( V I ) c6 tinh oxi
: + N a O H (dac, du):
hoa manh.
FcjOj + NaOH > Khdng xay ra.
C. Cac hop ch& CrO, Cr(OH)2 tac dung duoc vdi dung dich H Q con CrOj tac
dung duoc vdi dung djch NaOH. C r . O j + 2NaOH + 3H2O > 2Na[Cr(OH)4] |
D . Thfem dung djch k i ^ m vko mu6'i dicromat, mu6'i nay chuy^n th^nh mu6i
_^ AI2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O > 2Na[Al(OH)4]
cromat.
(Trich Be thi tuyen sink DH - CD khdi A) ft:> 160. X = 16 =:> X = 0,1 (2)
* X + Al:
Hu&ng ddn gidi
F c j O j + 2A1 > 2Fe + AI2O3
Ket cac phuong an:
/ Khdng diing, v i chi c6 CrÔj, Cr(OH)3 (crom c6 s6' oxi hoa + 3) c6 tfnh lirong X 2x
tfnh; con CrO, Cr(OH)2 c6 tfnh bazo (kh6ng thi hitn tfnh axit). CrjOj + 2A1 > 2Cr + AI2O3
Thfdu: Cr(OH)3 + 3HC1 > CrClj +3H2O y 2y
Cr(OH)3 + NaOH > Na[Cr(OH)4] Taco: 2 x . 2 y = ^ = 0 , 4 (3)

B. Dung. Doi vdi cac hop cha't cua crom: 27
(2,3) y = 0,l; x = 0,l.
S6' oxi hoi +2 +3 +6
lay vao (1) => z = 0,1.
Tfnh chat KhiJf Khu, oxi hoa Oxi hoa
m(Cr203)= 152. — =36,71%.

Thfdu: 2CrCl2 + CI2 > 2CrCl3
41,1
K2Cr207 + 14Ha > 3CI2 + 2 K a + 2CrCl3 + 7H2O Dap an diing la A.
C. Dung. D6'i vdi cac oxit, hidroxit ciia crom:
fhidu 13: Cac hop chat trong day cha't nao dudi day dû c6 tfnh ludng tfnh?
So' oxi hoa +2 +3 +6 0" C r ( 0 H ) 3 , Zn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2. B. C r ( 0 H ) 3 , Pb(OH)2, Mg(OH)2.
Tfnh chat Bazo Lu6ng tfnh Axit ^ Cr(OH)3, Zn(0H)2, Mg(OH)2. D . Cr(OH)3, Fe(OH)2, Mg(OH)2.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khdi A)
D.Dung: 2CrO^ +2H* ?=± C r j O , ' + H2O
cromat dicromat
421
Hu&ng ddn gidi ^3) B6t A l tir boc chay khi tie'p xiic vdi CU:
Cdc hidroxit c6 tinh lirofng tinh: C K O H ) , , Zn(OH)2, PbCOH),,.... 2A1 + 3C12 >2A1CI3 ^ ,
Dap in dung la Phat bid'u dung la ( 1 , 2, 3) ^
Thi du 14: Cho day cac ch&V. Cr(OH)3, Al2(S04)3, M g ( O H ) 2 , Zn(OH)2, M g o , Dap an diing la D .
Cr03. S6' chat trong day c6 tinh chat lirSng tinh la Chii j : Phen chua: K2S04.AU(S04)3.24H20 • ^ *
A.2. B.4. C.3. D.5.
(Trich De thi tuyen sink Cao dang khoi/i^ fhidu 17: Phat bia'u nao sau day khong dung k h i so sanh tinh cMt hoa hoc ciia
nh6m va crom ?
Hu&ng ddn gidi
A . Nh6m va crom dû bi thu d6ng hoa trong dung djch H 2 S O 4 dac ngu6i.
Cac chat CO tinh chat luomg tinh It. C r ( O H ) 3 ; ZnCOH), (2 cha't).
B. Nh6m va crom dû h6n trong kh6ng khi va trong nude.
Dap an diing 1^ A .
C. N h 6 m va crom dû phan ting vdi dung dich H C l theo cung t i 16 v^ s6' m o l .
Thi du 15: Trong phan img: K2Cr207 + H C l CrClj + C l j + KCl + H j O
D. Nh6m CO tinh khir manh hom crom.
S6' phan tiif H C l dong vai tro ch^t khijf bang k \ki t6ng s6' phan t i l H Q tham
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B)
gia phan ung. Gia t r i ciia k la
A . 3/14 ' B. W C. 3/7 D . 4/7 Hu&ng ddn gidi
(Trich de thi tuyen sink Dai hoc khoi A) Nh6m va crom phan ihig vdi dung dich HCl t h e o t i 16 khac nhau: '
Hu&ng ddn gidi ^ 2A1 + 6HC1->2A1C13+3H2
Trong phan ling H C l c6 2 vai tro: chat khtr va m6i trucmg. Cr + 2HC1 - > C r C l 2 + H 2
Hoan thanh PTPU: K j C r j O , + 14HC1 -> 2CrCl3 + 2KC1 + SClj + V H j O Phat bieu khdng dung la C.
=> S6' phan tir H Q tham gia phan limg = 14. Dap an diing la C . 1
S6' phan tir H C l la cMt khuf = 6
3. Cac bai t^p tu luyen:
u 6 3
=>k= — = -
14 7 Q u 1: Phat bieu dung la: i !
Ddp an dung 1^ C. A. L u u huynh va photpho deu bdc chay ti6'p xiic CrOj
B. Ur6 CO c6ng thiic hoa hoc (NH4)2C03
Thi du 6: Co cac phat biû sau:
(1) Liru huynh, photpho dû b6c chay khi tifi'p xuc vdi CrOj C. Cr chay trong tao ra CrCl,. *
(2) Ion Fe'* c6 ca'u hinh electron vid't gon [Ar]3d' D. Ion Cr'* c6 ca'u hinh electron la [ A r ] 3 d \
(3) B6t nh6m t u bdc chay k h i ti6'p xiic vdd khi clo Hu&ng ddn gidi
' S va P deu boc chay khi tiep xiic vdi CrOj
(4) Phen chua c6 c6ng thiic la Na2S04. Al2(S04)3. 24H2O.
Cac phat bie'u dung 1^ - C T H H cua ure la (NH2)2CO
A . (2), (3), (4). B.(l),(2),(4) C.(l),(3),(4) D . (1). (2), (3) - F T H H : 2Cr + 3 0 2 - > 2CrCl3
(Trich de thi tuy^n sink Dai hoc khoi Aj - Ion Cr'" ( Z = 24) c6 ca'u hinh electron la [ A i ] 3 d '
=> Phat bieu dung la A
Hu&ng ddn gidi
E>ap an diing la A .
Phat hiiu dung:
2: Cho so d6 phan ling:
(1) S, P dû b6c chdy k h i tid'p xuc vdri CTOJI
Cr03—tNggH_^X >Y >Z >X
S + 2Cr03 > SO3 + C r j O j
K Y , Z la cac hop chat chiia crom. X , Y , Z lin lucrt la:
6P + lOCrOj >3P205 + 5Cr203 A . Na2Cr04, Na2Cr207, C r C l j B. Na2Cr04, Na2Cr207, C l j
(2) Ion Fe'* ( Z = 26) c6 ca'u hinh electron: f A r ] 3 d ' C. N a C r 0 2 ' Na2Cr207, C r C l j D . Na2Cr207, N a 2 C r 0 4 , CrCl3
ATI
Ha&ng ddn gidi Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cac PTHH xay ra trong scf d6: pTHH xay ra:
Cr03 + 2NaOH Na2Cr04 + H 2 S + Pb(N03 )^ -> PbS i + 2 H N O 3
(X) Ba (OH)^ + K2Cr04 -> BaCr04 i +2KOH

2Na2Cr04 + H 2 S O 4 Na2Cr207 + Na2S04 + HjO -f
NaOH + K2Cr04 -> Kh6ng xay ra
(X) (Y) K2Cr207 + 14HCI 2KC1 + 3CI2 + 2CrCl3 + 7 H 2 O
Na2Cr207 + 14HC1 -)• 2NaCl + 2CrCl3 + 3CI2 + VHjO pap an diing la C .
(Y) (Z) ChuJ. Ba^* +CrO^- -)• BaCr04 i
2CrCl3 + 3CI2 + 16NaOH -> 2Na2Cr04 + 12NaCl + 8H2O
2Ba^^ +Cr20^" + H 2 O ^ 2BaCr04 i +2H+
(Z) (X)
2 C r 0 4 " + 2 H * ?r±Cr20^ + H 2 O
Dap an diing la A.
CJiu 5: Khi cho hoa chat X vao tac dung vdi NaOH dir c6 sSn Crd^ thi sau phan
CM v: Theo bai ra: X, Y, Z la cac hgrp chat chiia crom ntn Z kh6ng th^ la CU.
utig, dung djch thu dirac c6 mau vang. Trong s6' cac chat Q,, SO3, O 3 , HjO,, Br,,
Cau 3: De' phan biet 4 mSu kim loai la Ba, A l , Cr, Fe ngucri ta diing thu6c thir du\
HCl, K2CO3, s6'hoa chat thoa man vdi dieu kien ciia X la
nhat la
A. 7 B. 6 C. 5 D. 4
A. dung djch H N O 3 loang B. dung djch NaQ
Hu&ng ddn gidi
C. dung djch NaOH D. dung djch H2SO4 loang.
Sad6: X + NaOH + CrCl3 Na2Cr04 + NaCl+...
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Diing dung djch H2SO4 loang: (mau vang)
=> X la chat oxi hoa manh trong m6i trucmg kidm
Ba + H2SO4 -> BaS04 I + H 2 t
X CO the la CI2, O 3 , H2O2, Br, (4 chat)
2A1 + 3H2SO4 - > AI2 (SO4 )^ + 3H2 t
Dap an diing la D.
Cr + H2S04 ->CrS04+H2T Chu y: PTHH xay ra:
Fe + H2SO4 -> FeS04 + H2 t 3Ci2 + 1 6 N a O H + 2CrCl3 ^ 2Na2Cr04 + 12NaCl + 8 H 2 O '
Ba + 2 H 2 O Ba(OH)2 + H2 t 3O3 + lONaOH + 2CrCl3 -> 2Na2Cr04 + 6NaCl + 3O2 + SHjO

3 H 2 O 2 + lONaOH + 2CrCl3 -> 2Na2Cr04 + 6NaCl + 8 H 2 O
2A1 + Ba(0H)2 + 6H2O -> B a [ A l ( O H ) + 3H2
3Br2 + 1 6 N a O H + 2CrCl3 -> 2Na2Cr04 + 6NaCl + 6NaBr + 8 H 2 O
Fe, Cr kh6ng phan ung v6i dung djch Ba(OH)2
6: Cho sa do chuye'n hoa sau:
Ba(OH)2 + CrS04 -> BaS04 i +Cr(OH)2 i K2Cr207 ^'^'^"2^04 ^ ^ .Zn ^ y +NaOH
trang vang
chat X, Y, Z ISn Iirot la
Ba(0H)2 + FeS04 BaS04 i +Fe(OH)2 4-
^- Crij, C r l 2 , N a [ C r ( O H ) J (hay N a C r 0 2 . 2 H 2 0 )
trdng trSng xanh
Dap an dung la D. ^- Crj ( 5 0 4 ) ^ , CrS04, Na[Cr(OH)^ ] (hayNaCr02.2H20)
Cau 4: Cap dung djch khong xay ra phan uTig hoa hoc 1^
^•C,^{S04)3,CrS04,Cr(OH)2
A. H2S + Pb(N03)2 B. Ba(OH)2+K2Cr04
^- Crl3,Crl2,Cr(OH)
C. NaOH + K2Cr04 D. K2Cr207 + HCl dSc
49 S
424
F T H H cac phan umg xay ra: (;i fc^c P T P l / x a y ra:
K 2 C r 2 0 7 + 6 K I + 7H2SO4 -> 4K2SO4 + 3I2 + (SO4 )^ + 7H2O Cr + H 2 S 0 4 ( l ) ^ C r S 0 4 + H2
W (X) •,
6CrS04 + 3CI2 - > 2Cr2 (SO4 )3 + 2CrCl3
Cr2 (SO4 )3 + Z n 2CrS04 + ZnS04 > ' ,1' (X) (Y)
(X) (Y) [ (SO4 )3 + 3Br2 + 1 6 K O H ^ 2 K 2 C r 0 4 + 3K2SO4 + 6 K B r + 8H2O
(Y) (Z)
CrS04 + 2 N a O H - > C r ( O H ) 2 i +Na2S04 • s
2 K 2 C r 0 4 +H2SO4 -).K2Cr207 + K2SO4 + H2O ^ ' \
(Y) (Z) ^ > \
, (Z) (T)
D i p an diing la C. ' ' Vi^CrjO-, +6FeS04 +7H2SO4 ->3Fe2(S04)3 +K2SO4 +02(804)3 +7H2O
C a u 7: Cho so d o chuy^n hoa: ' I (J) (Y)
+HCI,t" +CI2 +NaOH +NaOH ^ Vay T va Y l^n luoft la K,Cr207 0,(804)3 '
Dap an dung la B .
Na[Cr(OH)4]—t^î2l^^^^T-^5££l2_^BaCr04
Cftu 9: Hoa tan he't 20,6 gam Cr(OH)3 trong 500 m l dung dich H Q 2 M dun n6ng,
S6' phan irng o x i hoa - khiJr trong so 6.6 trdn la thu dtfoc dung dich X . Khd'i lucmg Zn phan umg vira hd't cac chaft trong dung dich
A. 3 B.5 C.4 D.2
Hu&ng ddn gidi A. 19,5 gam B. 32,5 gam C. 6,5 gam D . 13 gam
Cac PTPLT xay ra: Hu&ng ddn gidi ^

(1) Cr + 2HC1 ^ CrQ, + H, Theobaira: n^^^^^j^j^ = 0 , 2 ( m o l ) ; n^^Q = l ( m o l )
(X)
PTPU": C r ( O H ) 3 + 3HC1 -)• C r C l j + 3H2O '^^^
(2) 2CrCl2 + CI2 - > 2CrCl3
Banddu: 0,2 1
(X) (Y)
CrClj + 3 N a O H Cr(OH)3 + 3 N a a Phan umg: 0,2 -> 0,6 - » 0,2
Con: 0 0,4 0,2
(Y) (Z)
Cr(OH)3 + N a O H ^ N a [ C r ( 0 H ) 4 ] Zn + 2HC1 ^ ZnClj +
(Z) 0,2 < - 0,4 ( m o l )

(3) 2Na[Cr(OH)4] + SClj + 8NaOH ^ 2Na3Cr04 + 6NaCl + SHjO
Z n + 2CrCl3 - > ZnClj + 2CrC]2 < •
(T)
0,1 < - 0,2 ( m o l )
Na2Cr04 + BaCl, - > B a C r 0 4 i + 2Naa
=5>nz„ - 0 , 2 + 0,1 = 0 , 3 ( m o l )
Dap an diing la A.
C ^ u 8: Cho so do chuyS'n h6a: => =0,3.65=19,5(gam) »
Cr ^ ) (X) " " 2 >(Y) ""•2"'^»" > (Z) ^ " 2 ^ 4 L , (-p) tiap an dung la A ' '
+ FeS04+H2S04 ^^y^ 10: Cho s0 d6 phan umg:
Tva YlSnluotla C1O3 >(X) XX,) XX2)—^^-2gg^(X3)

A. K2Cr04va 0,(504)3 B- K2Cr207V^ Cr2(S04)3 c h a ' t X „ X 3 Idn l i r o t l a
C. KoCr.O, va CrS04 , , D . K,Cr207vk C r O j . ^- Na2Cr04 va NaCrO, B. NaCr02 va Na^CrjO,
^ ^ a C r O j va Na,Cr04 D . Na^CrjO^va N a C r O ,
Huong ddn gidi ChuJ.: Cr20^-+ 20H"?=±2CrO^ + H2O
Cac PTPU" xay ra trong so d6: Mb Da cam Vang
2Cr03 + 2 N H 3 — ^ C r j O j + + SHjO ' iChithemOH: Da cam -> Vang
Khi them H"^: Vang -> Da cam
' " (x) " '
Q%\X 13: Ion M^"^ c6 ca'u hinh electron phan lop ngoai ciing 3d\y chon phat bid'u
Cr203 + 2NaOH(dd) + 3H2O ^ 2Na[Cr(OH)^ khong diing?
(X,) ^ '••'^^- /V. M CO ca'u hinh electron \k 1 s^2s-2p*3s-3p*3d*
B. Hidroxit cia M ' * c6 ti'nh luong ti'nh
2Na^Cr(OH)J + 3Cl2 + SNaOH ^ 2Na2Cr04 + 6 N a a + 8H2O C. Dung djch chura M ' * vira c6 ti'nh oxi hoa, vira c6 ti'nh khit
D. M thu6c chu ki 4, nhom VIB.
(X.) (X2)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Na2Cr04 + H 2 S O 4 ( l ) H2Cr04 + Na2S04 Suy ra: M ' * : 1 s'2s-2p'3s^3p*3d'
=> 1 s'2s-2p*3s-3p*3d' 4s- (Z = 24, Cr)
(X2) {X3)
=> M CO Z = 24, chu ki 4, nhom V I B => do la nguySn t6' crom. 'V •
Vay X „ X , la r N a C r ( O H ) 4 ] (Na2Cr02) va Na2Cr04 . - Cr(OH)3 CO ti'nh lirSng ti'nh:
Dap an diing la C. Cr(OH)3+3HCl^CrCl3+3H2O
Cau 11: Co 150 ml dung dich CrQj I M tac dung vila du m gam i36t kem. Gia Cr(OH)3+NaOH->Na[Cr(OH)4] v,,
cua m la D. 4,875. Ion Cr^* viira CO ti'nh oxi hoa viifa CO ti'nh khu:
A. 14,625 B. 19,500 C. 9,750 2Cr^^+Zn^2Cr2++Zn2+ v .
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Vi E° 2^ = 0,76V; E° 3^ =0,74V 2Cr^^ + 16KOH + 3Br2 ^ 2 C r 0 4 ~ + 6 B r " + 16K^ +8H2O
Dap an diing la A.
E°3^ 2^=-0,41V ndnZnkhuCr'*v6Cr'*
Cau 14: Viet phirong trinh hoa hoc ciia cdc phan ling trong qua trinh chuyd'n hod
PTPLT: Zn + 2CrCl3 -> ZnCU + 2Cra, sau:
0,075 <~ 0,15. l(mol) Cr-(lUcr203 - ^ C r 2 (804)3 - ^ C r ( 0 H ) 3 -i^Cr203

0.15 = 0,75 (mol) => mz„ = 0,075. 65 = 4,875 (g) Hu&ng ddn gidi
PTHH xay ra trong so d6
Dap i n diing la D. ri . i .
(1) 4Cr + 3O2 — ^ 2Cr203 '' !
Cau 12: Khi cho dung djch NaOH vao dung dich KjCr.O, thi dung djch tCf
A. mau da cam chuyen thanh kh6ng mau IP Cr203 + 3H2SO4 ).Cr2 (504)3 + ^ " 2 °
B. mau vang chuyen sang mau da cam.
(3) Cr2 (504)3 + 6NaOH > 2Cr(OH)3 i + 3Na2504
C. khdng mau chuyd'n sang mau vang
D. mau da cam chuyen sang mau vang
2Cr(OH)3 — ^ Cr203 + 3H2O ^
Hu&ng ddn gidi ^"15: Khi cho 100 gam hop kim g6m Fe, Cr A I tac dung vdri luong dir dung
PTPlT: K2Cr207+2Na0H->K2CrO4 + Na2Cr04 + H20 '^jch NaOH thu duoc 6,72 lit khi. La'y phSn rln kh6ng tan cho tac dung vdi
Da cam Vang Vang ''ôtig du dung djch H Q (khi khfing c6 khdng khO thu duoc 38,08 lit khi. Oic
=> Dung dich chuyen tCr mau da cam sang mau vang. '•i^tichkhidûdoodktc.
^^c dinh thanh phSn % kh6'i lirong ciia hop kim.
Dap an diing la D.
/too
Hu&ng ddn gidi
S6' mol K , C r , 0 7 = ^.0,2 = 0,1 (mol)
2A1 + 2 N a O H + 2 H 2 O > 2NaA102 + t
6,72 ^ Khd'i 1 uong K^Cr,©, = 0,1. 294 = 29,4 (gam) '* "
0,2 (mol) -0,3
22,4 p^p an diing la D.
QliO 18: Hoa tan 58,4 g hdn hop mud'i khan AIQ, va CrQj vô nude, them du dung
5,4.100% ^
=> mî -0,2.27 - 5,4(gam) :^%mA, = = 5,4% dich NaOH sau do tie'p tuc cho them nude clo, rdi lai them du dung djch BaCl,
100
thu duoc 50,6 g ket tiia. TTianh pMn phSn trSm khd'i luomg ciia hdn hop mudi
Fe + 2HC1 FeCl2 + H2 t ban dû la
A. 45,7% A l Q j va 54,3% CrCl, B. 46,7% A l Q j v^ 53,3% CrCl,
X (mol)
C. 47,7% AICI3 va 52,3% CrCl, D. 48,7% A I Q , v^ 51,3% CrQ,
Cr + 2HC1 CiClj + H2 t Hu&ng ddn gidi mi,
Goi X , y I5n luot la sd mol cua AICI3 \k CrClj trong 58,4 gam h6n hop A l Q j v^
y (mol) > y
CrClj. Ta cd phuong trinh:
56x + 52y=94,6
133,5x+ 158,5y = 58,4 (1)
Ta CO he phuong trinh: 38,08 Phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia phan umg:
x +y= = 1,7
22,4
AICI3 + 3NaOH > Al(OH)3 i + 3NaCl
Giai raduorc:x= 1,55; y = 0,15
=:>mp^-1,55.56 = 86,8g =>%mp, =86,8%
CrCI, + 3NaOH y Cr(OH)3 i + 3NaCl
mcr =0,15.52 = 7,8g i:i>%mcr =7,8%
y y
Cau 16: Mu6'n dieu che'duac 6,27 lit khi CI, (dktc) thi khd'i luong K , C r A t6'i thieu
Al(OH)3 + NaOH > NaAlO, + 2 H , 0
c^n la'y de' cho tac dung vdi dung djch HCl dac, du 1^
A. 26,4 g. B.27,4g C. 28,4g D. 29,4g
Hu&ng ddn gidi Cr(OH), + NaOH > NaCrO, + 2H,0
y y
K2Cr207 + 14HC1 >2KC1 + 2CrCl3 + SClj t + 7 H 2 O
2NaCrO, + 3C1, + 8NaOH > 2Na,Cr04 + 6NaCl + 4 H , 0
, . 6.72 = 0,3 (mol)
0.1 y y
22,4
mK2C,207 = 294.0,1 = 29.4(g).
Na,Ci04 + BaCl, > BaCr04i + 2Naa
Dap an dung la D.
Cau 17: Khd'i luong K,Cr,0, cSn la'y de tac dung du vdri 0,6 mo! FeS04 trong dung
dich (c6 H,S04 lam mdi trucmg) la Thay gia tri cua y = 0,2 vao (1) => x = 0,2 (mol)
»
A. 26,4 g. B.27,4g C. 28,4g D. 29,4g
Hu&ng ddn gidi % AlCl, = . 100% = 45,7%
Fe-^ >• Fe'*+ le
0,6 -> 0.6
+6 +3
158,4 I
Cr+ 3e- %CrCl, = 100% - 45,7% = 54,3%
0,2 <-0,6 fJapandung la A.
19: Viet phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan ling trong qua trinh chuy^n hoa sau:
Cr-iU Oa, Q(OH)3 NaQ02 Na2Q04 Na2Q207
Ki inuui mui
Dang 2: Bdi tap ve sdt
Hu&ng ddn gidi
J L i thuyet van dung va phuong phap giai:
(1) 2Cr + 3 0 , — ^ 2CrCl3 , ^ , jsjam vumg cac tinh cha't ciia sat (xem phSn If thuyet).
CrClj + 3 N a O H , , , > Cr(OH)3 + S N a Q }J[6i s6 phuong trinh hoa hoc c5n chii y:
(2)
(3) Cr(OH)3 + N a O H > NaCrO, + 2H2O 3Fe + 2O2 — ^ Fe304 (FejOj.FeO, oxit sit til)
(4) 2NaCrO, + 3Br, + 8NaOH > 2Na2Cr04 + 6NaBr + AH.O

2Fe + 302 — ^ 2FeCl3 (sat (HI) clorua)
(5) 2Na2Cr04 + H2SO4 < > Na.CrÔv + Na,S04 + H . O Fe + 2HC1 > FeCl + H.t
Cau 20: Cho tir tiir dung djch NaOH vao dung dich chiia 9,02 g h6n hop muoj
Fe + 3AgN03 (du) •> Fe(N03)3 + 3 A g ^
A1(N03)3 va Cr(N03) cho de'n khi luong ke't tiia thu duoc la 16m nhSt. Tach ket
tiia ra khoi dung djch, rua va nung den kh6'i luomg khong doi thu duoc 2,54 g Fe + H , 0 FeO + H , t
chat ran. Tinh phSn tram kh6i hrong cac muoi trong h6n hop ban diu.
t"<5700c
3Fe + 4 H . O -> Fe304 + 4tn2
H,t
Hu&ng ddn gidi
* Phuong phap giai nhanh cac bai tap vi sat:
Cac phirong trinh hoa hoc ciia phan umg:
. Phuong phap bao toan khdi luong
A1(N03)3 + 3NaOH > Al(OH)3 i + SNaNOj (1) . Phuong phap bao toan electron
Cr(N03)3 + 3NaOH > Cr(OH)3 i + SNaNOa (2) . Phuong phap bao toan nguyen t6'
- Phuong phap bao toan dien tich
2Al(OH)3 > AI2O3 + 3 H , 0 (3)
- Phuong phap qui d6i
2Cr(OH)3 — ^ CuO, + 3H3O (4) • Phuong phap hoa trj trung binh
Goi X la mol A1(N03)3 va y la s6' mol Cr(N03)3 - Phuong phap tu chon luong cha't
Ta CO he phuong trinh : - Phuong phap siJr dung phuong trinh ion thu gon.
'213x + 238y = 9,02 2. Cac thi du minh hoa:

x=0.02
102-+152.^ = 2,54 y = 0,02 Thidu 1: K i m loai sat tac dung voi dung dich nao sau day tao ra mu6'i sat (II)?
2 2 A. HNO3 dac, nong, du B. CUSO4
4,26 i C. H2SO4 dac, nong, du D. MgS04
n,AKN03)3 = 213.0,02 = 4,26 ( g ) ; %mA,(N03)3 = ^ - 1 0 0 % = 47.23%
^— (Trich dethi tuyen sink DH khoi A nam 2013)
%mcr(N03)3 = 100% - 47,23% = 52,77% Hu&ng ddn gidi
C a u 21: Viet phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan umg trong so d6 chuyen hoa s a u ; ^ rît cac phuong an:
Cr - > CrÔj ^ Cr,(S04)3 Cr(OH)3 NaCrO,

A. Fe + 6HNO3 (dac, du) Fe(N03)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
Hu&ng ddn gidi
B. Fe + CUSO4 - > FeS04 + Cu
4Cr + 3O2
C. 2Fe + 6H2SO4 (dac, du) Fe2(S04)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
tr.Oj + 3H2SO4 Cr2(S04)3 + 3H2O t>. Fe + MgS04: Khdng xay ra.
Cr2(S04)3 + 3NaOH >2Cr(OH)3 i +3Na2S04 liap an diing la B. -
Cr(OH)3 + NaOH > NaCr02 + 2H2O.

Tht du 2: Cho h6n hop X g6m 0,01 mol A l a mol Fe vô dung dich AgNo^l f,i
hi du 3: Cho b6t Fe vô dung djch g6m AgNO, va Cu(N03)2. Sau khi cic phan
de'n khi phan umg hoan to^n, thu duoc m gam chat ran Y va dung djch Z chu^ ung \ky ra hokn tohn, thu duoc dung dich X g6m hai mu6i va cMt ran Y g6m
3 cation kim loai. Cho Z phan umg vdd dung djch NaOH dir trong dilu kig
khdng c6 kh6ng khi, thu duoc 1,97 gam kfi't tiia T. Nung T trong kh6ng kh'
f i hai kim loai. Hai niu6'i trong X va hai kim loai trong Y \An luot la
A. Fe(N03),; Fe(N03)3 va Cu; Ag B. Cu(N03)2; AgN03 va Cu; Ag
dfi'n kh6i luong khdng d6i, thu duoc 1,6 gam chSit ran chi chura m6t cha't d Uy C. Cu(N03)2; Fe(N03)2 va Cu; Fe D. Cu(N03)2; Fe(N03)2 va Ag; Cu.
nha't. Gia tri ciia m la (Trich dethi tuyen sink DH khd'i A ndm 2013)
A. 6,48 B. 3,24 C. 8,64 D. 9,72
Hu&ng ddn gidi
(Trich dethi tuyen sink DH khd'i A nam 2013]
phuong trinh hoa hoc (theo thu" tu):
' ' Hu&ngddngidi ^
li Fe + 2AgN03-> Fe(N03)2 + 2Ag4'
Dung dich Z chiia 3 cation kim loai => c6 2 tru5ng hop xay ra:
B Fe + Cu(N03)2 Fe(N03)2 + C u i • '.
Trucmg hop 1: Z chtia A\^\, Ag* (du) ,'
^ > 2 kim loai la Ag, Cu.
Trudng hop 2: Z chiia Al'*, Fe'*, Fe^*
Hai niu6'i trong X la Fe(N03)2 v^ Cu(N03)2 c6n du.
V i nung T chi thu duoc 1 cha't ran duy nh&t => Loai trudng hop 1 (vi tructng hop
Dap an dung la D. ' '
1 tao ra 2 chat ran la FejOj va Ag).
Chit y: Vi AgN03 phan ihig h6't voi Fe ntn khdng c6 phan jJng:
So 66 phan ling:
AgN03 -I- Fe(N03)2 ->• Fe(N03)3 + Ag
YlAgi
Thi du 4: Cho m gam Fe vô binh chira dung dich g6m H2SO4 vk HNO3, thu
A l 3+ duoc dung dich X va 1,12 lit khi NO. Them tie'p dung djch H2SO4 du v i o
JAl_AgN02_^
binh thu duoc 0,448 lit khi NO va dung djch Y. Bie't trong ca hai tnrcmg hop
Fe Fe ->T -^FcjOj
Fe(OH)3>^ °2 NO la san ph^m khif duy nha't, do 6 diû kien tieu chu^n. Dung djch Y hoa
Fe 3+ tan vira het 2,08 gam Cu (khdng tao thanh san phdm khu cua N*'). Bie't cac
phan ihig deu xay ra hoan toan. Gia tri ciia m la j>
Ket tua T g6m FeCOH):; Fe(OH)3 A. 2,40 B.4,06 C. 3,92 D. 4,20
Chat ran duy nha't \k FejOj: nFe203 = 1.6/160 = 0,01 (mol) (Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khdi A ndm 2013)
So d6 phan iJng: ff Hu&ngddngidi
Fe - > Fe^* - > Fe(OH)2 l/2Fe A
S6 mol cac cha't: nNo,,) = = 0,05 (mol)
X -> 0,5x (mol)
22,4
Fe - > Fe'* - » Fe(OH)3 -> l/2Fe203
y -> 0,5y (mol) no, = 0,0325 (mol); nô n = = 0,02 (mo!) '
22,4
90x + I07y = 1,97 x=0,01
Ta CO he: Cac phan ung xay ra trong cac qua trinh tren c6 thi torn tat b^ng so d6:
[0,5x+0,5y = 0,01 y = 0,01
Ch^t rdn Y la Ag. Theo djnh luat hko to^n electron Fe "';;;"3 ) F e ^ ^ F e ^ ^ F e ^ ^ F e 2 - _ ^ c ^ p ^ 2 .
=> n^g = n, = 0,01.3 + 0,01.2 + 0,01.3 = 0,08 (mol)
Qua trinh nhan electron: , , .
=>my = m^g = 0,08.108 = 8,64 (gam) +5 +2
Dap an diing 1^ C. ^ N+3e - > N
Chu v: Fe + 2AgN03 - > Fe(N03)2 + 2Ag W 0,21 <-(0,05 + 0,02)
Fe(N03)2 + AgN03 ^ Fe(N03)3 + Ag qua trinh nhuomg electron:
Fe + 3AgNOj Fe(N03)3 + 3Ag Cu - 2e-).Cu2+ Fe - 2e Fe^^
4Fe(OH)2 + O, 0,0325-^0,065 f. 0,0725 <-(0,21-0,065)
434
Vay m = 0,0725.56 = 4,06 (gam).
Dap an dung la B. Chat ran thu diroc gdm:
Thi du 5: Hoa tan hoan toan x mol Fe vao dung djch chiira y mol FeQ, v^2rno^ peÔj 0,1 mol (bao toan nguy^n t6' sat)
HCl, thu duoc dung dich chi chifa m6t chat tan duy nha't. Biû thiic li^n jVlgO 0,1 mol (bao toan nguydn t6'magie) 'w^-;^ ;i
gi&a X , y va z la Vay m = 0,1.160 + 0,1.40 = 20 (gam)
A. 2x = y + 2z B. 2x = y + z C. x = y - 2z D. y = 2x £)ap an diing la B. *
(Trich dethi tuyen sink DH khoi B nam 2013)
fhi du 8: Dung djch loang (dir) nao sau day tac dung diroc vdi kim loai sat tao
Hu&ng ddn gidi
thanh mu6'i sat(III)?
- Chat tan duy nha't thu duoc la FeQ,
A.FeClj. B.H2SO4. C.HC1. D. HNO3.
- Cdc cha't FeCl,, HCl phan irng vira hdt vdri Fe
PTHH: Fe + 2FeCl3-> 3FeCU
Hu&ng ddn gidi
y/2 < - y
PTHH: Fe + 4HNO, -> Fe (NO3 \ NO + 2H2O
' " J Fe + 2HC1-> FeCK + H ,
Zl2 <r- Z
Dap an diing la D.
Ta c6: x = y/2 + z/2 => 2x = y + z Thi du 9: Cho a gam Fe vao 100 ml dung djch h6n hop gdm HNO3 0,8M va
Dap an diing la B Cu(NO,)2 I M . Sau khi cac phan ting xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc 0,92a gam
+5
Thidu 6: Nhiing m6t thanh sSt vao dung djch h6n hop chua 0,02 mol AgNO, va
hdn hop kim loai va khi NO (san ph^m khir duy nha't ciia N ) . Gia trj ciia a la
0,05 mol Cu(N03)2. Sau khi cac phan ihig xay ra hoan toan, kh6'i lirong thanh
A. 11,0 3.11,2 C. 8,4 D.5,6
sat tang m gam (coi toan b6 kim loai sinh ra bam vao thanh sSt). Gia tri cua
m la
Hu&ng ddn gidi ,, .
A. 2,00 B. 3,60 C. 1,44 D. 5,36
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoi B nam 2013) Sijr dung phuong trinh ion nit gon d^ giai.
Hu&ng ddn gidi Sd mol cac chat: nHôj = 0.08 (mol); ncu(N03)2 ^ ^ ' ' ^'""'^
PTHH: Fe + 2AgN03 -> FeiNO,). + 2 A g i =>n^^ =0,08 (mol); n^^2+ =0,1 (mol);n^^_ =0,18 (mol)
0,01 <-0,02 -> 0,02 (mol) Vi sau phan irng thu duoc hdn hop kim loai (=> hdn hop kim loai Cu, Fe du)
Fe + Cu(NOj)3 -> FeCNOj): + Cui => Fe du => Trong dung djch sau phan ling chiia Fe'* (Cu'* hd't, khdng c6 Fe'*).
0,05-^0,05 0,05 (mol) PTHH: Fe + Cu •Fe^-^+Cui
Ta C6: m = m (Cu + Ag) ~ ^FC (phan iJng)
0,1<-0,1 0,1 (mol)
=^ m = (0,02.108 + 0,05.64) - (0,01 + 0,05).56 = 2,00 (gam). - 1+ . -,»T^- —_2+
Dap an dung la A. 3Fe + 8 H * + 2 N 0 3 - ) . 3 F e ^ * + 2 N O + 4H20
• 0,03 <-0,08
Thi du 7: H6a tan h6n hop X gdm 11,2 gam Fe va 2,4 gam Mg bang dung djch
H2SO4 loang (du), thu duoc dung djch Y. Cho dung djch NaOH vao Y th" Taco: 0,92a = [ a - ( 0 , l + 0,03).56] +0,1.64
duoc kd't tua Z. Nung Z trong khdng khi den khdi luong khdng d6i, thu
=>0,08a = 0,88 =>a = 11,0 J
m gam chat ran. Bid't cac phan ting deu xay ra hoan toan. Gia trj cua m la
^^.âp an diing la A.
A. 36 B. 20 C. 18 D. 24
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoi B nam 200 ^*tidu 10: Hoa tan 5,6 gam Fe bang dung djch H2SO4 loang (du) thu duoc dung
djch X. Dung djch X phan ting vira du vdi V ml dung djch KMn04 0,5M. Gia
Hu&ng ddn gidi trj cua V la
Theo bai ra: np^ = 0,2 (mol); nwg = 0,1 (mol) A. 80. B. 20. C. 40. D. 60.
(Trich Dejhi tuven sinh DH • CD khoi A)
Huong ddn gidi * rhu y: Khi cho b6t A l , Fe vao dung dich AgNOj, xay ra cac phan ling the<
Cach 1: Phiromg phap bao loan electron <j,ing trat tu sau: ,• ,
Theo dinh luat bao toan electron ta c6: A l + 3AgN03 ). 3Ag4 + A1(N03)3 ^ •
5,6
— . 1 = 0,5V.5 => V = 0,04 (lit) = 40 (ml) Fe + 2AgN03 > 2 A g i + Fe(N03)2 '
JO Fe(N03)2 + AgN03 > kgi + ¥c(lÔ,),
Dap an diing la C. 'fiiidu 12: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vao 400 ml dung dich HNO3 I M , dfi'n khi phan ihig
Cach 2: Phuong phap th6ng thucmg " f xay ra hoan toan, thu diroc khi NO (san ph^m khijr duy nh^t) va dung djch X.
I Theo bai ra: np, = M. 0, l(mol); n^MnO^ = T^^'ôD Dung djch X c6 thd' hoa tan t6'i da m gam Cu. Gia tri ciia m la
A. 1,92. B.0,64. C.3,84. D. 3,20.
Cac PTPU: Fe + W^SO, (1) > FeS04 + H^t
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
0,1 (mol) 0,1 (mol)
Hu&ng ddn gidi , +
10FeSO4 + 2KMn04 + 8H2SO4 ->• 5Fe2(S04)3 + 2MnS04 + K2SO4 + 8H,0
Cach 1: Phirang phap sijf dung da'u hi6u dac biSt
O , l ( m o l ) ^ 0,02 (mol)
S6' mol cac chat: np, = = 0,12 (mol); nHNo, = 0,4.1 = 0,4 (mol).
I Suyra: ^ ^ = 0,02=:>V = 40(ml). 56 •'
Trong san phim cu6'i ciing thu duoc thi sat va d6ng dû tao ra mutfi hoa tri (I
Dap an diing la C.
n6n ki hidu chung hai kim loai la M .
Thi du 11: Cho h6n hop b6t g6m 2,7 gam A l 5,6 gam Fe vô 550 ml dung 3M + 8HNO3 3M(N03), + 2NO + 4H2O
dich AgNOj I M . Sau khi cac phan utig xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc m gam
0,15<- 0,4 (mol)
chat ran. Gia trj ciia m la (bie't thir tu trong day didn hoa: Fe^*/Fe-* dihig truoc
Ta c6: np, + ncu = 0,15 => nc„ = 0,15 - 0,12 = 0,03 (mol)
AgVAg)
vay m = 0,03.64 = 1,92 (gam)
A. 59,4. B.54,0. C. 64,8. D. 32,4.
Dap an diing la A.
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi A)
Cach 2: Phuong phap th6ng thucmg ' K-Oi •
Hu&ng ddn gidi
6,72
2 7 ' S6 mol cac chat: np, = =0,12 (mol); n^jô^ = 0,4 . 1 = 0,4 (mol).
Theo bai ra: n^, = ~ = 0,1 (mol); 56
Fe + 4HNO3 > Fe(N03)3 + NO + 2H2O
5,6
= — = 0,1 (mol); n^gNOj = 0,550. 1 = 0,55 (mol) 0,1 < - 0,4 (mol) 0,1 •
a c PTPU CO M xay ra: "Fe(N03)3 = 0,1 (mol); np,(d„, = 0,12 - 0,1 = 0,02 (mol) n
Al + 3AgN03 > A1(N03)3 + 3Ag>l Fe + 2Fe(N03)3 > 3Fe(N03)2 ^,'»

0.1 -> 0,3 0,3 (mol) 0,02 - » 0,04 (mol)
• Fe + 2AgN03 > Vt{^0,). + 2Agi =^ np,(j,o^)^(,„,„o= 0,1 - 0,04 = 0,06 (mol)
^ ' 0,1 -> 0,2 -> 0,1 -> 0,2 (mol)
Cu + 2Fe(N03)3 > Cu(N03)2 + 2Fe(N03)2
Fe(N03), + AgNOj > Fe(N03)3 + Agl
0,03 < - 0,06 (mol) ' '
(0,55 - 0,5) 0,05 (mol)
Vay m = 0,03.64= l,92(gam). ' : • .<cmU.O M* ^
Vay, khd'i luong cha't rdn bang: ^ a/,
Dap an diing la A.
m = m^g = (0,3 + 0,2 + 0,05). 108 = 59,4 (gam). ^ (i;
Dap dn dung la A .
Thi du 13: Cho 2,24 gam b6t sat vao 200 m l dung djch chu-a h6n hop g6m Chat ran sau phan ung c6:
A g N O j 0 , 1 M va Cu(N03)2 0 , 5 M . Sau khi cac phan ling xay ra hoan tokn, thu m
0,16 mol Cu; - ( 0 , 1 + 0 , 0 5 + 0,16) mol Fe
duoc dung dich X v^ m gam chat ran Y . Gia trj cua m la 56
A . 2,16. B.4,08. C.0,64. D . 2,80.
Theo bai ra, ta c6: 0,16.64 + m - (0,1 + 0,05 + 0,16). 56 = 0,6m
(Trich De thi tuyen sink Dai hoc khd'jB)
0,4m = 0,31.56 - 0,16. 64 = 7,12 =^ m = 17,8 (gam)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
V = V N O = 0,1. 22,4 = 2,24 (lit).
2,24 £)ap an diing la C.
TheobJki ra: np^ = = 0,04 (mol);
56 Thidu 15: Nhiing m6t thanh sat nang 100 gam vao 100 m l dung djch h6n hop
nAgN03 = 0'2.0,1 = 0,02 (mol); ncu(N03)2 = 0'2-0.5 = 0.1 ( m o l ) . , g6m Cu(N03)2 0,2M va A g N O j 0,2M. Sau m6t thoi gian la'y thanh k i m loai
ra, rijra sach lam kh6 can duoc 101,72 gam (gia thie't cac k i m loai tao thanh
Cac phuong trinh phan iJng xay ra:
deu bam hfe't vao thanh sat). Kh6'i luong sat da phan ihig la
Fe<d„) + 2AgN03 Fe(N03)2 + 2 A g i A. 1,40 gam. B. 0,84 gam. C. 2,16 gam. D . 1,72 gam.
0,01 0,02 0,02 (mol) (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khdi B)
Fe + Cu(N03)2 Fe(N03)2 + Cu i 5|!l> Hudng ddn gidi
0,03 -> 0,03 0,03 (mol) Theo bai ra: ncu(N03)2 0,1.0,2 = 0,02 (mol);
Cha't ran thu duoc g6m A g (0,02 mol) va Cu (0,03 mol).
nAgN03 = 0,1.0,2 = 0,02 (mol).
my = + mo. = 0,02.108 + 0,03.64 = 4,08 (gam).
Dap an dung la B. Truofctien: Fe + 2AgN03 )• 2 A g i + Fe(N03)2
Thi du 14: Cho m gam b6t Fe vao 800 m l dUng djch h6n hop g6m Cu(NO,); Khi 0,02 mol A g N O j phan u-ng het thi kh6'i luong thanh k i m loai se tang:
0 , 2 M va H2SO4 0,25M. Sau k h i cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc
0,02.108 - 0,01. 56 = 1,6 (gam) < 1,72 (gam).
0,6m gam h6n hop b6t k i m loai va V lit k h i N O (san phdm khir duy nha't, a
=> A g N O j phan ihig het, va m6t ph^n Cu(N03)2 <3a phan ihig:
dktc). Gia trj ciia m va V l & i luot la
A . 10,8 va 2,24. B. 10,8 va 4,48. Fe + Cu(N03)2 > Cui + Fe(NOj).
C. 17,8 va 2,24. D . 17,8 va 4,48. Khi 1 mol Fe > 1 mol Cu => khd'i luong tang 8 gam
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi Bl
Khi khoi luong tang 1,72 - 1,6 = 0,12g
Huong ddn gidi
=> s6'mol Fe da phan ihig ia =0,015 (mol) < 0,02.
Theo bki ra: ncu(N03)2 = ^,8.0,2 = 0,16 (mol); nH2S04 = 0,8.0,25 = 0,2 (mol)
8
Suyra: n _ = 0,16.2 = 0,32 (mol); n 2 + = 0,16 (mol); Vay tdng khd'i luong Fe da phan ung la:
NO3 C:u mpe = ( 0 , 0 ! + 0,015). 56 = 1,40 (gam).
n + = 0,2.2 = 0,4 (mol). Dap an diing la A .
Fe + N03-,a„) + 4 H * > Fe'^ + N O t + 2 H , 0 ^•Cacbaitaptirluyen:
0,1 < - 0 , l <- 0,4 -> 0,1 -> 0,1 (mol) 1: Cho cac cap k i m loai nguydn chat tid'p xuc true tid'p vdi nhau: Fe \k Pb; Fe
Sau phan umg, thu duoc h6n hop b6t kim loai (Fe vk Cu) ntn xay ra cac phan ting Z n ; Fe va Sn; Fe va N i . K h i nhung cac cap k i m loai trfin vao dung djch axit,
Fe + 2Fe'* > 3Fe'" *<J cap k i m loai trong do Fe bj pha huy trudc la
'^•2. B.I. C.4. D . 3.
0,05 < - 0,1 (mol)
Fe,H„> + Cu2+ Fe-" +Cui Hu&ng ddn gidi
<=(da)
0,16 0,16 0,16 (mol) ^ ^ ^ F e dong vai tro cue am (anot) thi Fe bj pha huy truoc.
Cty TNHH MTV r)V\li Khang Vift
Do \k nhutig cap sau: Fe/Pb; Fe/Sn; Fe/Ni (3 cSp). n

Dap an dung la D. fheo bai ra, = 31,25% c6 th6m phan utig:
"HN03(P/U)
Cû 2: Cho h6n hop b6t A l , Fe vô dung djch cMa CuCNOj), vh AgNOj. Sau kj,'
Fe + 2Fe(N03)3 3Fe(N03)2
cac phan irng xay ra hoan loan, thu dupe h6n hop ran g6m ba kim loai la:
Gpi X la sd'mol HNO3 phan ting => so mol Fe la 0,3125x.
A. Al,Fe,Cu. B.Al,Cu,Ag. C. A l , Fe, Ag. D. Fe, Cu, Ag.
pTPU": Fe + 4HNO3 -)• Fe(N03)3 + NO + 2H2O
' (Trich De thi tuyen sink Cao dang khoi
x/4 <— X -> x/4
, Hu&ngddngidi
Fe + 2Fe (N03)3-> 3Fe(N03)2 '
Thu dupe cdc kim loai Ag, Cu (tao ra) va Fe (du).
(0,3125x-0,25x) 0,125x 0.1875x '
Dap an dung la D.
Cau 3: Cho h6n hop b6t gdm A l va Fe vko dung dich h6n hop g6m AgNOj va Ta eo: (0,3125x - 0,25x). 242 + 0,1875x. 180 = 51,2 ^'',
Cu(N03)2 sau khi cac phan ihig xay ra hoan toan thu dupe h6n hop chat rSn g6m 64x =51,2 => x = 0,8
3 kim loai va dung djeh X. Cho X tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH du, Ipe la'y kfe't Vay m = 0,3125 . 0,8 . 56 = 14 (gam) " '* '
tiia nung trong kh6ng khi dd'n kh6'i lupng kh6ng d6i thi thu dupe chat ran la Dap an diing la D.
A. FcjOj, AI2O3 B. FeÔj C. FeÔj, CuO D. CuO C4u 5: Cho m6t ft b6t sat nguySn chat tac dung he't vdi dung djeh H2SO4 loang thu
Hu&ng dan gidi dupe 560 ml m6t chat khi 6 dktc. Ne'u cho m6t lupng ga'p d6i b6t sit ndi trtn tac
dung he't v6i dung djch CUSO4 thi thu dupe m6t chat ran.
Sad6: Al,Fe + AgN03,Cu(N03)2 3 kim loai Ti'nh kh6'i lupng b6t sat da dung trong 2 trucmg hpp tren va khd'i lupng chat ran
thu dupe.
t
Suy ra 3 kim loai la Ag, Cu, Fe
, V i , Fe con du AgNO,, CU(N03)2 phai phan ihig he't. Do do dung djch X Hu&ngddngidi
* sat tac dung v6i H2SO4 loang: ,lJ€wJib«F , '
chiia A1(N03)3 va Fe(N03)2
X + dung dich NaOH du: Fe + H2S04(1) > FeS04 + H2 t (1)
A l (NO3 )^ + 4NaOH - > Na [ A l (OH)^ ] + SNaNOj

0,025 mol < ^1^ = 0,025
Fe(N03)2 + NaOH-> Fe(OH)2 i + 2 N a N 0 3
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 — ^ 2 F e 2 0 3 + 4H2O mp,(,)= 0,025.56 = l,4(gam)
Dap an dung la B. * ^ (0,025 . 2 = 0,05 mol) tac dung vdi CUSO4:

Cau 4: Cho m gam b6t Fe tac dung he't vdd dung dich HNO3 loang, thu dupe dung
B Fe + CUSO4 > FeS04 + Cu i (2)
dich X va khi NO (san phdm khii duy nhat). C6 can dung djeh X thu dupe 51,2
gam mu6'i khan. Bia't rang s6' mol Fe ban dSu bang 31,25% s6' mol HNO3 phan H 0,05 ^ 0,05 (mol)
ling. Gia tri ciia m la •P'"Fe(2) = 0,025.2.56 = 2,8(gam) '^Tt
A. 20,72. B. 28. C. 10,36. D. 14.
Vay tdng kh6'i lupng sat da dung la: 1,4 + 2,8 = 4,2 (gam)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Liru y khi gidi hai ndy la mud! thu duac to the la hSn hep mud'i sat (11) va m'l^' Khoi lupng Cu thu dupe: mcu = 0,05. 64 = 3,2 (gam) , * iu
<
'^1 6: Dien cong thi'rc hoa hoe ciia cha't vô nhutig ch6 trd'ng v^ lap cdc phuong
sat (III) nitrat.
PTPIT: Fe + 4HNO3 ^ Fe(N03)3 + NO + 2H2O nh hoa hoc sau:
Ne'u chi xay ra phan tren thi J l f l _ = i = 0,25 = 25%. ^| Fe

F e+
+HHNO3,,,,,
2 S 0 4 , „—
, , -^^ 5NO2
0 2 ?t +
+ ...
....
"HNO3 ^ J
Fe + HN03(1) >NOt +
Ki thuat mat gidi nhanh BT Hod hgc, tap 2 - CM Thanh Toan
Kh6'i lugmg kim loai giam = ^'^^'^^ = 0,84 (gam)
Huong ddn gidi 100
PTHH: (Chfnh bang kh6'i luong kim loai da phan Ung).
.0 £)at c6ng thirc kim loai la M (hoa trj n).
a) 2Fe + 3SO2 + (804)3 + ^ " 2 ^ ^
M + nHCl > MC1„ + | H 2 t
b) Fe + - ^ 3 N 0 2 + Fe(N03)3 + 3H2O
1 < -(mol)
c) Fe + 4HN03(1) > NO + Fe(N03)3 + 2H2O 2
0,84
Cau 7: Ngam m6t dinh sat nang 4 gam trong dung dich CUSO4, sau m6t thoi gi; 0,015 (mol)
lay dinh sat ra, sa'y kh6, can nang 4,2857 gam. Kh6'i lucmg sat tham gia pha„ M
umg la
Suy ra: = 0,0! 5 M = 28.n
A. 1,9990 gam B. 1,9999 gam C. 0,3999 gam D. 2,1000 gam M.2 <*>': '
Hit&ng ddn gidi Cap gia tri thoa man la n = 2 => M = 56 (Fe) '
Fe + CUSO4 > FeS04 + Cu i Dap an diing la B.
Cjku 10: Cho 2,52 gam m6t kim loai tac dung h€{ \6\g dich H2SO4 loang, thu
56 (g) tan > tang 64 - 56 = 8 (g)
duoc 6,84 gam mu6'i sunfat. Kim loai do la
x(g) < tang 4,285g - 4 = 0,2857 (g) A. Mg B.Zn C. Fe D. A l
Hu&ng ddn gidi
^ x . 5 l ^ ^ = l,9999(gam) Dat cong thirc cua kim loai la M (hoa trj n)
8
Dap an diing la B. 2M + nH2S04(l) >M2(S04)^ + n H 2 T (I)
Cau 8: Cho sat tac dung v6i dung dich H2SO4 loang thu duac V lit khi H . (dktc),
"1M2(SO4)„ ^'^M+rnâ-
dung dich thu diroc cho bay hoi dugc tinh the FeS04.7H30 c6 kh6'i lirong 55,6
gam. The' tfch khi H . (dktc) duoc giai phong la =>m^2- = 6 , 8 4 - 2 , 5 2 - 4 , 3 2 ( g ) : o n 2- =0,045(mol)
A. 8,19 1ft B. 7,33 lit C. 4,48 lit D. 6,23 lit
Hu&ng ddn gidi "H2S04(i)=nso2-=0.045(mol)
4
Fe + H2SO4 (1) > FeS04 + H2 t
Ti,eo(i):^n^.'-""2-^4,10:045^009
npe ="FeS04.7H20 = ^ = 0'2(mol) n n n
Theo PTHH tren c6: np^ = nn^ =0,2(mol) S"yra:MM.-^.28.n ; J^^^^^^

0,09/n 'v,;
Vay th^ tich khi H . thu duoc la: = 22,4.0,2 = 4,48 (lit). Cap nghiem hop l i la n = 2 :i> M = 56 (Fe)
E>ap an diing la C .
Dap dn diing la C .
Sill 11: Tien hanh hai thi nghiem sau:
Cau 9: Ngam m6t la kim loai c6 kh6'i luong 50 gam trong dung djch HCl. Sau kh'
' i T h f nghifem 1: Cho m gam bot Fe (du) vao V, lit dung djch Cu(N03): I M ;
thu duoc 336 ml khi H, (dktc) thi kh6'i luong la kim loai giam 1,68%. Kim I'''-'
" *Thi nghiem 2: Cho m gam bot Fe (du) vao V, lit dung djch AgNO, 0,1M.
do la
Sau khi cac phan u"ng xay ra hoan toan, khd'i luong chat ran thu duoc 6 hai thi
A.Zn B.Fe C. A l D. Ni
nghiem deu bang nhau. Gia trj ciia V, so \6\, la
Hu&ng ddn gidi
A. V, = B. V, = 10V,. C. V , ' = 5 V . . D. V, = 2V,.
S6'mol khi hidro: H H = ^ ^ = 0,015(mol) (Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi B)
"2 22,4 ^ ' ' 445
Hu&ng ddn gidi
2FeCl3 + 2KI > 2Fea2 + I2 + 2Ka
Theo bai ra: ncu(N03) = "î "AgNOj = 0.1^2 (mol)
2FeCl3 + H2S > 2Fea2 + S + HCl
Cac PTPir xay ra:
2 F e a , + Zn > 2 F e a j + ZnQ,
Fe(du) + CuCNOj)^ > Fe(N03)2 + Cu>l' I3 f zîi ^ ^rcvî2 f zîn_i2
V, <- V,(mol) V, '
2FeCl3 + 3Na2C03 + 3H2O > 2Fe(OH)3 + 3 C 0 2 t + 6 N a a
Fe(du) + 2AgN03 > Fe(N03)2 + 2 A g i
Fe304 + ma > 2FeCl3 + FeCl2 + 4H2O
0,05 <- 0,1 Vj 0,lV2(mol)
Khî luong chat ran sau phan ihig b thi nghiSm 1: , , 2Fe304 + IOH2SO4 > 3Fe2(S04)3 + SO2 + IOH2O
m, = mo, + mpeCdu) _ , . 3Fe304 + 28HNO3 > 9Fe(N03)3 + NO + I 4 H 2 O ,h
= 64. V, + (m -- 56.V,) = ni + SV, (gam). * Phirofng phap sur dung de giai bai tskp ve hop chat cua s^t: (' <
Khd'i luong chat ran sau phan ling 6 thi nghiem 2: ^ Phuong phap bao toan kh6'i luong , , |,
ni2 = m^g + nipe (dir)
Phuong phap bao toan electron ),
= 108.0,1.V, + (m - 56.0,05.V2) = m + SV, (gam). Phuong phap bao toan nguydn t6'
Theo bai ra, ta c6: m, = m^ ^ . Phuong phap bao toan difen tich
=>m + 8 V | = m + 8 V 2 = > V, = V2. Phuong phap qui 661
Dap an dung la A. Phuong phap hoa trj trung binh
CM v; V I Fe du nan khi cho Fe vao dung dich AgNOj chi c6 phan ihig xay ra Phuong phap tu chon luong chat
la Fe +2AgN03 Fe(N03)2 + 2 A g i . Phuong phap six dung phuong trinh ion thu gon.
* Cac cong thurc giai n h a n h :
Dang 3: Bai tap ve cac hap chat cua sat - C6ng thu-c tfnh s6' mol H2SO4 dac, nong c^n dung di hoa tan m6t h6n hop kim
loai dua theo san ph^m khir SOj duy nha't: nH2S04 = 2nso2
1 . L f thuyfe't v$n d u n g va phirong phap giai: - C6ng thtic tfnh khd'i luong mu6'i thu duoc khi cho h6n hop sat vk cac oxit sat tac
* Nam vOng tinh chat cac hop cha't ciia sat (xem phdn li thuyd't). dung vdi HNO3 du, giai phong khf NO: ;
* M o t so P T H H can chu y: 242
ZFeCl, + CI2 > 3FeCl3
m„,utfi= — (mhftnhpp+24.nNo) -
10FeSO4 + 2KMn04 + 8H2SO4 - > 5Fe2(S04)3 + 2MnS04 + K2SO4 + SHÔ
C6ng thiic tfnh khd'i luong mud'i thu duorc khi hoa tan hd't hdn hop gdm Fe, FeO,
Fe(N03)2 + AgN03 > Fe(N03)3 + A g i
FeiOj, Fe304 bang HNO3 dac, ndng du giai phdng khf NO2:
9Fe(N03)2 + 12Ha > 5Fe(N03)3 + 4Fea3 + 3 N O + 6H2O _ 242
6FeS04 + 3 0 2 > IFe.iSO^h + 2¥eClj Cdng thiic tfnh khd'i luong mud'i thu duoc khi hok tan he't hdn hop gdm Fe, FeO,
Fe203, Fe304 bang H2SO4 dac, ndng, du giai phdng khf SO2.
4Fe(N03)2 — ^ 2Fe203 + 8NO2 + O2
400
— (m
4FeC03 + O2 — ^ 2Fe203 + 4CO2
m „u«i = h«„ hop + 16.nso2)
FeÔj + 6 H N O 3 > 2Fe(N03)3 + SHjO
Cdng thiic tfnh khd'i luong sat da dung ban dû, bie't oxi hoa luong s^t n^y b^ng
Fe(OH)3 + 3HNO3 > Fe(N03)3 + 3H2O
oxi duoc hdn hop ran X. Hoa tan he't ran X trong HNO3 dac, ndng, du tao san
2Fea3 + Fe • 3FeCl2 Phdm khir NO2 duy nhUt:
2Fea3 + Cu > 2FeCl2 + CuQ, , / "'
447
2. Cac thi du minh hoa: Cty TNHHMIV DWH Khang Viet
Thi du 1: Hoa tan hoan toan FcjO^ trong dung dich H 2 S O 4 loang (dir) thu duoc AgNOj + HCl -> AgCl i +HNO3
dung dich X. Trong cac chat: NaOH, Cu, FeCNOj),, KMn04, BaCl^, Cl^
(0,1.0,8) (0,1.0,8)
A l , s6' chat CO kha nang phan ung duoc voi dung djch X la
A. 4 B. 6 C. 5 D. 7 =^«" = m^gcii = (0,10,8). 143.5 = 1 l,48(g)
^' (Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khd'i B nam 2013) £)ap an diing la A.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
fhidu 3: Quang nao sau day giau sat nha't?
Cac phuong trinh hoa hoc xay ra:
A. Piritsat. B.Manhetit. C.Hematitdo. D. Xiderit.
Fe304 + 4 H . S O 4 (1) -> Fe2(S04)3 + FeS04 + 4H2O
(Trich dethi tuyen sinh DH khd'i A)
=> Dung dich X chiia Fe,(S04)3, FeS04, H,S04 du.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
1) 2NaOH + H3SO4 -> Na,S04 + 2H:0
Quang giû sat nhlft 1^ manhetit (Fe304).
2) Cu + Fe3(S04), CUSO4 + 2FeS04 D^p an diing la B.
3) Fe(NO,): + 5FeS04 + 4H:S04 -> 3Fe,(S04)3 + 2N0 + AW.O
Chd f. Pirit sat (FeSz); Hematit do (FcjOj); Xiderit (FeCOj).
4) 2KMn04 +10FeSO4 + 8 H 3 S O 4 - > 5Fe2(S04)3 + K 2 S O 4 + 2MnS04 + 8H2O
5) BaCl, + H2SO4 -> BaS044 + 2HC1 Thi du 4: Trong cac cha't: FeQ^, FeQj, FeCNOj)^, FeS04, Fe(N03)3. S6 ch&i c6
ca tinh oxi hoa v^ tinh khii 1^
6) 3C1. + 6FeS04 ^ 2FeCl., + 2Fe2(S04).,
A-2 B.4 C.5 D.3
7) 2A1 + Fe,(S04)., 2Fe + AK(S04)3
. (Trich de tuyen sinh Cap ddng - Kh&i A)
Co 7 chat tac dung duoc v6\.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dap an diing la D.
Thi du 2: Cho 100 ml dung dich AgN03 2a mol/1 vao 100 ml dung dich • Ion Fe-* vto c6 tinh oxi hod vte c6 tinh khijr; ion CT c6 tinh khir; ion NOJ vira
FeCNOj), a mol/1. Sau khi phan ung ket thiic thu duoc 8,64 gam chat ran va CO tinh oxi hoa vira c6 tinh khir.
dung dich X. Cho dung dich HCl du vao X thu duoc m gam ket tiia. Gia tri - Cdc chat c6 ca tinh oxi hoa tinh khii la:
ciia m la
A. 11,48. , B. 22,96. C. 17,22. D. 14,35. FeCl2,FeCl3,Fe(N03)2; Fe(N03)3,FeS04 (5 cha't):
^ (Trich dethi tuyen sinh DH khoiA)
That vay: FeCl'j - ^ E ^ Tt + Clj '
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Theobai ra: n^gNO.^ =0,2a{mol); tXp^^fô^)^ =0,la(mol) 2FeCl3 >2Fe + 3Cl2

+2 ( + 5 - 2 ,0 +3 +4 0
4Fe NO,3 — ^ 2 F e 2 0 3 + 8N02 + 02
Chat rdn thu duoc la Ag: n^g = = 0,08(mol) V J
+3 +5-2 +3 +4
AgN03 + F e ( N 0 3 ) 2 - > F e ( N 0 3 ) 3 + A g i 4Fe NO, — ^ 2 Fe203 +12 NO2 + 3O2
Bandû: 0,2a 0,1a
+2 0 - mw0:i
Phan ling: 0,1a <- 0,1a -> 0,1a
Fe SO4 + Zn > Fe+ ZnS04 .^
Con: 0,1a 0 0,1a
Dung dich X chua 0,1a mol AgNOj; Fe(N03)3 6 Fe SO4 + 302 > 2 Fcj (SO4 )3 + 2Fea3
0,1a = 0,08 => a - 0 , 8 ^ i p an dung \k C.
448
Thi du 5: Khu hoan toan m6t oxit sSt X a nhidt d6 cao c5n vura d i V h't khi CO ^hi du 7: Cho 100 ml dung dich FeQ, 1,2M tac dung vdri 200 ml dung djch
(6 dktc), sau phan u-ng thu diroc 0,84 gam Fe va 0,02 mol khi CO,. C6ng thixc " AgNO, 2M, thu duoc m gam ke't tiia. Gid tri cua m la
cua X va gia trj V Idn lirgt la A. 30,18 B. 34,44 C. 12,96 D. 47,4
; A. FcjOj va0,448 B. Fe304va 0,224 (Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang - Khoi A)
C. FeO 0,224 D . . Fe304 va 0,448 Hu&ng ddn gidi
J (Trich de tuyen sink Cao dang - KhotA) Theobaira: np^cij - 0 , l . l , 2 = 0,12(mol); n^gNOj =0,2.2 = 0,4(mol)
Uudng ddn gidi
FeClj + 2AgN03->Fe(N03)2 + 2 A g C U
0,84
Theobaira: =^ = 0,015 (mol) 0,12 -> 0,24 -).0,12 ^ 0,24
56
, Fe(N03)2 + AgN03->Fe(N03)3 + Agi
Sod6phan ung: FeÔy +yCO—^—> xFe + y C 0 2
W 0,12 0,12(<0,4-0,24) ^ 0,12
Tathafy: + nco = ncoj (= y)=>V = 0,02. 22,4 =0,448(1)
m y m = m A g c i + m A g =0,24.143,5 + 0,12.108 = 47,4(g) ;
+ x : y = np^:nco2 =0.015:0,02 = 3:4 Dap an diing la D. .i
=> Oxit sat la Fe,04 Thi du 8: Hoa tan hoan toan h6n hop X g6m 0,2 mol Fe va 0,2 mol FeÔj vao
Vay X va V ISn luot la Fe304 va 0,448. dung djch axit H2SO4 loang (dir), thu duoc 2,24 lit khi (dktc) va dung dich Y.
Cho luong du dung djch NaOH vao dung dich Y, sau khi phan ling xay ra
Dap an dung la D.
hoan toan thu duoc m gam kS't tiia. Gia trj nho nhSft ciia m la
Thidu 6: Cho m gam Mg vao dung dich chufa 0,12 mol FeCl,. Sau khi phan ung
Â.57,4. B. 59,1. C. 60,8. D. 54,0.
xay ra hoan loan thu duoc 3,36 gam cha't ran. Gia tri ciia m la
Wk (Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang ndm 2011 • Khoi A)
A. 2,88 B.4,32 C. 5,04 D.2,16
(Trich de tuyen sink Cao dang - Khoi A) Hu&ng ddn gidi
Chit y trong bdi tap nay xay ra phan ihrg sat khvtmudl sat (III) thanh sat (II).
•'• ' ' Hudng ddn gidi
KhithuduociaH,: =0,l(mol)
Thir tir trong day dien hoa: Mg^''/Mg; Fe^''/Fe; Fe^'^/Fe^'^
Fe203 + 3H2SO4 Fe2 (SO4 )^ + 3H2O
Do do PTHH cac phan ling c6 tha' xay ra:
0,2 0,2(mol)
p.,. J , . Mg + 2Fe-''*->Mg^^+2Fe2* (1)
Fe + H2S04->FeS04+H2
Mg + Fe^^ Fei+Mg^* (2)
0,1 0,1 0,1 (mol)
Vi CO cha't ran sau phan umg nen (1) xay ra hoan toan (tinh theo Fe"^*)
Fe + Fe2 (504)3->3FeS04
mp^(P^.c,3)=0,12.56 = 6,72(g)>3,36(g)z:> phan utig (2) xay ra m6t phdn
(0,2-0,1) ^ 0,1 dir ^> 0,3 (mol)
(Fe^"^ con du => Mg phan iJng hd't, do do cha't ran thu dirgfc la Fe). Sau phan umg c6: np^^Q^ = 0,1 + 0,3 = 0,4(mol)
Theo(l): n^,g(,)=^ = 0,06(mol) "Fe2(S04)3 = 0 , 2 - 0 , 1 =0,l(mol)
Theo (2): np^. = ^ ^ = 0,06(mol) => n^g(2) =0,06(mol) FeS04 + 2NaOH-^Fe(OH)2 i+Na2S04
0.4 -> 0,4(mol) ^ '

Vay m = (0,06 +0,06).24 = 2,88(g)
Dap an diing la A.
4'? I
K T thuat mai gidi nhanh BTHod hgc, t$p 2 - C M Thanh Toin
0,02.88 + 0,056.120
F e j ( S O 4 )3 + 6 N a O H - ) . 2 F e ( O H ) 3 i +3Na2S04
pap an dung la C .
0,1 0,2(mol) ^ fh( du 11: Di luydn duoc 800 tk'n gang c6 hkm luong skt 95%, cSn dung x t&
Ddp an dung Ik A. quang manhetit chiJa 80% Fe304 (con lai Ik tap chat kh6ng chiJa sat). Bie't
Thi du 9: Quing sat manhetit c6 thknh ph^n chinh Ik ring luong sat bi hao hut trong qua tnnh san xuSit la 1%. Gid tri ciia x Ik
A. FeSj. B. Fe304. C . FczOj. D. FeCOj. A. 1394,90. B. 1311,90. C . 1325,16. D . 959,59.
(Trich dituyen sink Dai hoc khoj^) (Trich dituyen sinh Dai hoc khd'i B)
Hu&ng ddn gidi Huong ddn gidi
Quang manhetit chiia Fe304 (oxit sat i\s). Cdchl: I

So d6 qua trinh san xuSt:
Dap an dung Ik B.
Manhetit Fe304 —> 3Fe - » Gang
Thi du 10: Nung m gam hdn hap X g6m FeS va FeSj trong m6t binh kin chiJa
gQQ
khdng khi (g6m 20% Xhi tich O2 va 80% th^ tich N2) de'n khi cac phan ling Kh6'i luong Fe c6 trong gang: mp^ = '•— = 760 (tain)
xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc m6t chaft ran duy nha't vk h6n hop khf Y c6 t h a i ' 100
ph^n the' tich: 84,8% Nj, 14% SO2, con lai Ik O^. P h & trkm khd'i luong cua Vi luong sat bi hao hut 1% n6n kh6'i luong sat thuc td'c&i Ik:
FeS trong h6n hop X la 760.100 , .

' " F e ( . t ) — [ ^ 7 = 767,68 (tan)
A. 42,31%. B. 59,46%. C . 19,64%. D . 26,83%.
(Trich dituyen sink Dai hoc khoiA) P ^ 3 0 4 - z ^ 3 F e
Hu&ng ddn gidi
232 tkn -> 168ta'n
De gidi hai nay c6 the sit dung phuang phdp tUchon lucfng chat thich hop
m, <- 767,68 tin
Gia sijf ban dSu c6 1 mol kh6ng khi => no2 = 0,2 (mol); n^^ = 0,8 (mol)
767,68.232
=>m, =mpe304 = ^TTi = 1060,13 (tain)
'•^ lirong N2 khdng thay d6i (Nj kh6ng phan img) n6n trong Y c6 0,8 mol 168
(64,8%)
Kh6'i luong qukng manhetit: x = mânhetit = ^^^^'^^'^^ = 1325,16 ( t & )
=>nso,
SO2
= ^ ^ = 0,132(mol)
' V 7 80
Dap an diing Ik C .
0,8.(100-84,8-14) , , Cdch 2:
= ^ ^ = 0,0113(mol)
Ta CO thd' ti'nh nhanh nhu sau:
=> (da phan ihig) = 0,2 - 0,0113 = 0,189 (mol) Manhetit (80%) -> Fe304 (232) 3Fe(l68) -> Gang (95%)
^_mFe3O4l00100
2FeS + - O 2 ->Fe203+2S02
^ 80.(100-1)
X -> 7\/4-^ X _mp,.232 800.95 '
2FeS2 + Y O 2 ^ Fe203+4S02
^^^ 800.95.232.100.100
y lly/4-^ 2y 100.168.80.(100-1) V
^ , r 7 x / 4 + l l y / 4 = 0,189 Dap an diing Ik C .

Tac6:^ ' ^' x - 0 , 0 2 ; y = 0,056
[x + 2y = 0,132 ' • 451
TMdu 12: K h i nung h6n hcrp cac cha't F e C N O , ) , , Fe(OH)3 va 1 cCO. tioii- kl. 4FeC03,„ + 0,,k, > 2Fe203(r) + 4C02,„
khi de'n kh6'i lircmg khdng d6i, thu duoc m6t chat ran la
A . Fe304. B. FeO. C. Fe. D. FejOj. a (mol) —> — (mol) a (mol)
4
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH • CD khoi A)
4FeS;„) + l l O , , ^ , — — > 2Fe203„) + 850,(1,
Hu&ng ddn gidi
b (mol) - > — (mol) 2b (mol)
P T H H cua phan ihig xay ra k h i nung FeCNOj),, Fe(OH)3, FeCOj la: 4
2Fe(N03), — ^ FeÔj + 4NO2T + ^ 0 3 ! v V i V , T = const, ma P (trudc) = P (sau) => n,kh,. .^^^ = nj^h,-
a lib
2Fe(OH)3 — ^ FeÔj + SHÔt Do do: - + = a + 2b
4 4
=> a + 1 l b = 4a + 8b => 3a = 3b => a = b.
V 2 F e C 0 3 + — 5 % F e A + 2C02t
Dap an dung la B .
VSy chat ran thu ducfc la FcjOj (nau do). Thidu 5: Cha't phan img vdi dung djch FeCl, cho k6't tiia la
Dap an dung la D . A . CH3NH2. B. CH3COOH.
Thidu 13: Cho tiTng chat: Fe, FeO, Fe(OH),, Fe(OH)3, Fe304, F e A . F e ( N O ^ C. CH3OH. D . CH3COOCH3.
Fe(N03)3, FeS04, Fe2(S04)3, FeCOj lin luot phan ihig v d i HNO3 dac, nong. (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B)
S6' phan umg thu6c loai phan iitig oxi hoa - khir la Hu&ng ddn gidi
A . 5. B. 8. C.6. D.7. I Dung dich F e Q j phan img vdi C H j N H , (metylamin) tao ra kd't tiia Fe(OH)3:
FeClj + 3CH3NH2 + 3H2O Fe(OH)34 + 3CH3NH3a
Hu&ng ddn gidi Dap an diing la A . ivnih'
Sat va hop cha't ciia sat tac dung v6i HNO3, xay ra phan ihig o x i hod - khif khi Chu v. Cac ankylamin bac I ( R N H , , R la g6c ankyl) c6 ti'nh baza manh hon
sat CO s6' o x i hoa bang 0 hoac +2, +8/3 (tha'p hon +3). D o do cac cha't Fe (0), amoniac (NH3):
FeO (+2), Fe(OH)2 (+2), Fe304 (+8/3), Fe(N03)2 (+2), FeS04 (+2), FeCOj (+2),
RNH, + HOH RNH3* + OH"
(7 cha't) k h i phan vdi HNO3 dû xay ra phan ling o x i hoa - khiir.
Vay s6' phan utig o x i hoa - khix la 7. NH3 +HOH ?r± NH4" + O H "
Dap an dung la D . Thidu 16: Trong cac loai quang sat, quang sat c6 ham luang sat cao nha't la
Thi du 14: Nung h6n hop ran g6m a mol FeC03 va b m o l FeS2 trong binh kin A . xiderit. B. hematit nau C. hematit do. D . manhetit.
chiia kh6ng k h i (dir). Sau k h i cac phan utig xay ra hoan toan dua binh (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi A)
nhi6t do ban dSu, thu duoc ch^t ran duy nh4t la Fe203 va h6n hop k h i . Bi6't ap Hu&ng ddn gidi
sua't k h i trong binh tru6c vk sau phan ling bang nhau, m6'i lien h6 gi&a a va b
Trong tir nhidn c6 cic loai quang sat:
la (bie't sau cac phan iJng, liru huynh 6 mure o x i hoa +4, the ti'ch cac chat ran
- Hematit nau chii-a FeÔj.nHjO
la khdng dang ke')
- Hematit do chiia FeÔj khan.
A . a = 0,5b. B . a = b. C . a = 4b. D . a = 2b.
- Manhetit chiia Fe304.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH • CD khoiW
- Xiderit chiia FeCOj.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
- Pirit sat chiia FeS,.
De gidi hai nay can viei dung PTHH va van dung cac kie'n thvfc gidi todn ve cho' Trong cac loai quang trdn, loai quang giku sat nha't la quang manhetit Fe304
khi. •" . ,„,.,, (72,4% Fe theo khd'i lirang), nhimg hi6'm gap trong t u nhien.
Cac PTPU" xay ra: Dap an diing la D .
454 455
Thi du 17: H6a tan hokn toan 20,88 gam m6t oxit sit bang dung dich H^SO, du 18: Hoa tan hoan tokn 24,4 gam h6n hop g6m FeQj va NaQ (c6 ti \t s6
dac, n6ng thu duoc dung dich X va 3,248 h't khi SO2 (san phdm khu duy nha't, mol tuofng ling la 1 : 2) vko m6t lucmg nude (du), thu ducte dung dich X. Cho
6 dktc). C6 can dung dich X, thu duoc m gam mudi sunfat khan. Gia tri cii-^ dung dich AgNO, (du) vko dung djch X, sau khi phan iJng xay ra hoan toan
mla sinh ra m gam chat rSn. Gia tri ciia m la
A. 54,0. B.52,2. C. 48,4. ^ D. 58,0. A. 10,8. B. 57,4. C. 68,2. D.28,7.
(Trich De thi tuyen sink Dai hoc khoi^ (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khd'i B)
Cdch 1: Goi X la s6'mol FeClj => s6'mol NaQ la 2x.
Theo bai ra, ta c6: 127x + 2x. 58,5 = 24,4 => 244x = 24,4=> x = 0,1.
Theo bai ra: = ^ — - = 0,145 (mol)
Cac phuong trinh phan utig xay ra:
20 88 fk = 1 NaCl + AgNOj > AgCl i + NaNO,
Xac dinh oxit sat: M = ^ ^ . k = 72k ^^^^^
2x 2x
FeCU + 3 AgNOj > 2AgCl i + Fe(N03)3 + Ag >l --A
Suy ra: m„„, = m ^,^^304)3 = ^ ^ O ^ = ^8 (gam).
X 2x X
Ddp dn dung Ik D. Vay cha't ran gdm c6 A g Q (4x mol); Ag (x mol).
Vay m = mAgci + m^g = 4 . 0,1 . 143,5 + 0,1 . 108 = 68,2 (gam) i^;
Cdch 2:
3 248 Dap an diing la C. v/ '
Theo bM ra: = =0,145 (mol)
Chu v: FeCl, + 2AgN03 > Fe(N03), + 2Agai ..^Z
Co qua trinh nhan electron:
Fe(N03), + AgNOj (du) > Fe(N03)3 + Ag I
^ + 2e > S*^
0,29 < - 0,145 (mol) TM. du 19: Hoa tan hoan toan Fe304 trong dung djch H2SO4 loang (du) duoc
dung dich X,. Cho luomg du b6t Fe vao dung djch X, (trong dieu kidn kh6ng
+ Tru&ng hap 1: Gia sijr oxit sat la FeO:
CO khdng khi) d6'n khi phan utig xay ra hokn tokn, thu duoc dung djch X ,
Fe-^ - le > Fe^' chiia cha't tan la
0,29 < - 0,29 -> 0,29 (mol) i- FeS04. B. Fe2(S04)3 va H,S04.
=> mpeo = 0,29 . 72 = 20,88 (gam). FeS04 va H2SO4. D. Fe2(S04)3.
0 99 (Trich Dethi tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)
Suy ra: m.„„ = r^,.,(^,,, = -J-^Ô = 58 (gam).
Hu&ng ddn gidi
+ Tru&ng hcrp 2: Gia sir oxit sat la Fe304:
^ c phuong trinh phan umg xay ra:
3Fe^«'' - 3.1/3e > 3Fe*'
Fe304 + 4H2SO4 (1) > Vt.(SO,), + FeS04 + 4H2O
3.0,29 < - 0,29 (mol)
Fe + H2SO4 (1) > FeS04 + H;•2
t
Suy ra: m^,ô^ = • 232 = 67,28 (gam) ^ 20,88 (gam)
Fe + Fe2(S04)3 > 3FeS04
z:> loai trucmg hcfp nay. phan ung thu duoc FeS04. *
Dap an dung la D. ^^P an dung la A.
417
456
-Yhidu 20: .î^ST^Kin^Ki^l^r^^ 17 92 >'» kh. CO (dk Taco: ^ = 0 , 3 = > m = 0,3.60 =18,0(gam)
thu du«c a gam kirn loai M . Hoa tan hd't a gam M bang d"ng d.ch H SO
n6ng (du), fhu duoc 20,16 1ft khf SO, (san pham khu duy nhat, o dktc). 0,;^ pap an diing la D.
M A la "j^du 22: Cho so d6 chuy^n hoa:
A. FeO B. CrO D. CrÔj D. FcjO^
(Trich de thi tuyen sink Dai hoc khoi^^ Fe.,04 + dung djch H I (du) > X + Y + HÔ.
BiS't X va Y la san ph^m cu6'i ciing ciia qua trinh chuyfi'n hoa. Cac chat X va
'•- - . Hu&ng ddn gidi
Yla
Theo bai ra: nô =0,8 (mol); nô^ = 0,9 (mol). A. Fel, va Fel,. B. Fel, va I , . C. Fel, v i I , . D. Fe vk I , .
Vi n^Q ^ n<jo2 => Kim loai M c6 s6' oxi hoa thay d6i (trong oxit c6 s6' oxi ho^ (Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B)
tha'p, trong mu6'i sunfat c6 s6' oxit hoa cao). < w Hu&ng ddn gidi !
Neu trong oxit, so oxi hoa ciia M la +2, trong mudfi sunfat Ifin +3 thl \\^^ PTPU": Fe,04 + 8HI 3FeI, + 1 , + 4 H : 0 v
vay X , Y laFel,,!,. . : • •
nco = 0,8 mol thi = ^.nQQ = 1,2 (mol).
Dap an diing la C.
Nhimg theo bai ra nso^ =0,9 < 1,2 => Chi m6t phSn kirn loai M thay doi so oxj Chii y: V i Fe^* c6 tfnh oxi hoa, HI lai c6 tinh khir manh ntn kh6ng tao ra Felj
ma tao ra Fel, va I , .
hoa. Vay oxit phu hop la Fe,04.
Dap an diing la D. 3. Cac bai tap tu luyen:
Thidu 21: D6't chay hoan toan m gam FeS, bang m6t lucmg vira du, thu duoc
Ciu 1: Cho h6n hop X g6m 0,09 mol Fe va 0,05 mol Fe(N0,),.7H,0 vao 500 ml
khf X . Ha'p thu het X vao 1 1ft dung djch chiia Ba(OH), 0,15M va KOH 0,1M,
dung djch HCl I M , k6't thiic phan ling thu duoc dung djch Y va khf NO (san
thu duoc dung dich Y va 2! ,7 gam kfe't tua. Cho Y vao dung dich NaOH, thay
xua't hien them k6't tua. Gia tn ciia m la ph^m khir duy nha't). Hoi dung dich Y hoa tan t6'i da bao nhieu gam Cu?
A. 24,0. B. 12,6. C. 23,2 D. 18,0 A. 3,84 B.4,48 C. 4,26 D. 7,04
(Trich de thi tuyen sink Dai hoc khoi B) Hu&ng ddn gidi
*^ Hu&ng ddn gidi De gidi nhanh bai nay can su dung phuang trinh ion thu ggn de gidi. Trong mol
trudng axit, muoi nitrat 10 tinh oxi hod manh nhuaxit HNO,
S6mo] c a c chat: ng^ôH)^ =0,15 (mol); nKOH =0,1 ( m o l ) ;
21 7 Theobaira: nun =0,5.1 =0,5(mo!) =>n + = nuci =0,5(mol) '
Ke't tija thu diroc la BaSOj: n53503 = = 0,1 ( m o l ) . n^^_ =0,05.2 = 0,l(mol),n^^2+ =0,05(mol)
S u y r a s 6 ' m o l c a c i o n : n^^_ =0,15.2+ 0,1 = 0 , 4 ( m o l ) ; n^2+ =0,15(mol) Fe + NO3 + 4 H ^ ^ Fe^*+NO + 2 H 2 0

PTHH: 4FeS2 + 1102 >8S02 t+2Fe203
Phanumg: 0,09 -> 0,09 -> 0,36 -> 0,09 (mol)
m/120 -> 2m/120(mol) Con: 0 0,01 0,14 0,09 (mol)
(Tfnh theo Fe vi Fe c6 kha nang het)
SO2 + OH" >HS03
3Fe^^ + NO3 + 4 H ^ -> 3Fe^* + NO+2H2O
0,3 < - ( 0 . 4 - 0 1 ) , .
Phan iJng: 0,03 <- 0,01 0,04 -> 0,03
HSO3 + OH" >S0]" + H2O
(Tfnh theo NO3 vi NO3 c6 kha nang het).
0,1 < 0,1 ^ Trong dung djch Y c6: 0,03 + 0,09 = 0,12 mol Fe'*
SO^' + Ba^^ > BaS03i
I (0.02 mol Fe^^;0,1 mol H^;0,5 mol C F )
0,1 (0,1<0,15) <- 0,1
459
458
2Fe^'^ + Cu ).2Fe^"'+Cu-
0,12 0,06 (mol) Vay kh6'i lucmg cha^t rln thu duoc: ,..
n Vay =0,06.64 = 3,84(g) m = mBaso4+mp^203 ^î" =0,15.233+0,075.160=46,95(gam)
f Ddp dung la A. p^p an dung Ik A. r
4: Cho h6n hop g6m b6t Fe va 0,03 mol FeS, tan h6t trong dung dich HNO3
cau 2: Cho cdc chat: Fe, FeÔj, FeO, Fe304, FeCOH)^, FeCOH),. S6 ch^t khi bj j, loang, thu duoc dung djch chi chiia m6t chat tan duy nh^t la Fe2(S04)3 va V lit
tan trong axit HI dir, tao ra mu6i Felj la Uif NO (san p h ^ khif duy nha't, dktc). Gia tri ciia V la
I A. 6. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3 A. 2,24 B.3,36 C. 1,6 D. 3,584
Hu&ng ddn gidi
VI CO phan umg sau xay ra: 2Fe^"^ + 21" 2Fe^"^ + Hu&ng ddn gidi
Sidling dinh lugt hdo loan nguyen to (chi can vie't sadSphdn ifng, trdnh phdi
. N6n tat ca cac chat Fe, FejOj, FeO, Fe304, Fe(OH)2, Fe(0H)3 khi bj hok t vie't phumg trinh hod hoc phdc tap) vd dinh ludt hdo todn electron de dcm gidn
trong HI du dû tao Felj. hod hdi todn.
Fe + 2HI->Fel2+H2 Scfd6 phan ling:
2FeS2 > Fe2 (504)3 +
Fe203+6HI->2Fel2+l2+3H20 0,03 -> 0,015 (mol)
FeO + 2HI->Fel2+H20 Fe > Fe'*
' Fe304+8HI->3Fel2+l2+4H20 a ^ a (mol)
Fe(OH)2 + 2HI->Fel2 + 2H2O Vi chi thu duoc duy nha't Fe2(S04)3
Fe(OH)3+ 3HI ^ F e l 2 + ^ I 2 + 3 H 2 O 2Fe^+ + 3S02- > Fe2 (804)3
a 0,015
i::^ Ca 6 chit 3a = 0,015 . 2 = 0,03 => a = 0,01
Dap an diing 1^ A. Sa d6 cho nhan electron:
Cau 3: Cho 27,4 gam Ba tan hdt vao nir6c thu diroc dung djch X. Cho dung djch 0 3+
tac dung X tac dung \(A 150 ml dung djch FeS04 IM, loc la'y ke't tiia, r6i n Fe - 3e > Fe
trong kh6ng khi den khd'i lirong khdng d6i con lai chat ran c6 kh6'i luong la 0,01 ^ 0,03
A. 46,95 gam B. 12 gam C. 62,2 gam D. 45,75 gam
Hu&ng ddn gidi +2 -1 3+ +6
FeS2 - 15e -> Fe + 2S

Theobî ra: =0,2(mol); nFeso4 =0,15(mol)
0,03
+5 -> 0,45 + 2
PTPLf: Ba + 2H20^Ba(OH)2+H2
0.2 0,2 N + 3e N,
, FeS04 + Ba(OH)2 ^ BaS04 i + Fe(OH)2 i 3x <- X
0,15 ^ 0,15 0,15 0,15 Theo nguyen tac bao to^n electron, ta c6: 3x = 0,03 + 0,45 => x = 0,16
% : V N O = 0,16. 22,4 = 3,584 (lit)
, BaS04—^BaS04
0,15^ 0,15 (mol) .ândunglaD.
5: M6t dung djch chiia 0,02 mol Fe(N03)3 vk 0,3 mol HQ. Dung dich nky c6
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 ->2Fe203 +4H2O '^^ nSng hoa tan t6'i da s6' gam Cu \h
0,15 -> 0,075 (mol) 7,84 gam B. 7,2 gam C. 5,76 gam D. 6,4 gam
Hu&ng ddn gidi •j
bii ra: nFe-3, =0,02 (mol); nN O_T =0,06 (mol); H =0,3 (mol).
»-ry i i\HHMTV DWH Khang Vif,
PTPLT: 2Fe-^^ + Cu- >2Fe2^+Cu2* Ba(OH)2 + FeClj -> Fe(OH)2 i +BaCl2
0,02 0,01 (mol) Trang xanh

3Cu + 2NOJ + 8H+ -> 3Cu^^ + 2NO + 4H2O 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2 H 2 O - > 4Fe(OH)3 i
Ban ddu: r 0,06 0,3 Do nau '

Phan ling: 0,09 <- 0,06-^0,24 jJiSn tuong: Co khi, c6 kS't tiia trang xanh, sau do chuyd'n thanh k^'t tiia nau.
pap an diing la C. aii'i ' » u ' t 'î ' •
=>ncu=0,01 + 0,09 = 0,1 (mol) =:>mcu =6,4(gam)
Cîl 8: cau nao sau day phdt bieu dung?
Dap an diing la D. I
FeCl,chi CO tinh oxi hoa.
Cau 6: Cho 10,12 gam FeQ^.THjO vao 120 ml dung djch AgNOa I M . Khua'y B. Fe CO tinh oxi hoa.
cho cac phan ling xay ra hoan loan, sau phan ling thu dugrc kh6'i lugng ket tua 1^ C. FeCl, vita CO tinh oxi hoa, vira CO ti'nh khiJ.
A. 15,96 gam B. 11,64 gam C. 15,80 gam D. 4,32 gam. p. Fe vira c6 tinh oxi hoa, viifa c6 tinh khir.
Khi f>idi hoi nay can chiiy ve mat hod hoc, ket tua gom c6 AgCI vd Ag. Phdt bidu diing la: '
10,12 +.1 - I ,
So mol cac chat: "FeCl2.7H20 " =0,04(mol); FeCl?: muoi sdt (III) clorua vira c6 tinh oxi hod vfira c6 tinh khir (sat +3 c6 tinh
oxi hod, clo -1 CO ti'nh khii):
HAgNO, =0,12.1 =0,12(mol)
Thidu: 2FeCl., — ^ 2FeCl. + CI,
Tatha'y n^gNOj = 0 , 1 2 = 3 n F e c i 2 ( 3 n F e C i 2 . 7 H 2 o ) ? Ddp dn diing la C. « ."^n*-
0 » «f
Do do PTPU' xay ra: Chii y: Fe chi c6 tinh khir (kh6ng c6 tinh oxi hod).
FeCl, + 3AgNO, -> FeCNO.,)., + A g i + 2AgCl i Cau 9: Khu hoan toan 16 gam FeÔ, bang khi CO a nhi€t do cao. Khi di ra sau
0,04 0,12 -> 0,04 0,08 phan ling duoc d i n vao dung dich Ca(0H)2 du. Kh6'i luong k6t tiia thu duoc la
A. 15 gam ^ '
B. 20 gam - 25 gam
C.
K6't tiia thu duoc g6m c6 Ag (0,04 mol) D. 30 gam
. : ;, AgCl (0,08 mol) H u&ng ddn gidi y v
16
Vay, kh6'i lircmg ket tua bang: S6'mol Fe,Ov FC2O3 = 0,1 (mol)
160
m = 0,04.108 + 0,08.(108 + 35,5) = 15,80 (gam)
Dap an diing la C. FejOj + 3 C 0 -> 2Fe + 3COo
Chu v: F e d , + 2AgN03 ^ Fe(NO.,): + 2AgCl i 0,1 (mol) • ' 0,3 mol
Fe(NO.,)2 + AgNO., (du) Fe(N0,)3 + Ag i _
C O 2 + Ca(OH). -> CaCOj i + H j O
Cau 7: Hien tirong xay ra khi cho tir tir kim loai bari de'n du vao dung dich FeCl: 1^ J
W«.3(mol) -> 0,3
A. CO Fe kim loai bam vao mSu bari va khi bay ra
B. CO khi thoat ra tao dung dich trong su6't •^hd'i luong k6{ tua thu duoc: mj^^^QÎ = 0,3 . 100 = 30(gam)
C. CO khi thoat ra va c6 ket tua trang xanh hod nau kh6ng tan J. âp an dung la I).
D. CO khi thoat ra va c6 ket tiia trdng xanh hod ndu sau do tan.
10: Mot loai quang chiia sat trong tu nhidn da duoc loai bo tap chat. Hod tan
Hu&ng ddn gidi ^''^ng nay trong dung dich HNO, tha'y c6 khi mdu nau bay ra, dung djch thu
Khi cho Ba (du) vao dung dich FeCK: cho tac dung voi dung djch BaCl, thdy c6 kd't tua trang (khong tan trong
^'^'t msuih). Loai quang do la
Ba + 2H20->Ba(OH)2 + H2 t A.
îderit B. hematit C. manhetit. D. pirit sat
Ki thuiil nun gidi nhanh BTHod hor, inf 2 ( u Thanh To An
A. FeO B. FeÔj
Hu&ng ddn gidi C. Fe304 D. Kh6ng xac dinh duoc
2FeS2 + 3OHNO3 ^ Fe2 (804)3 + H2SO4 + ^ ^ ^ ° 2 + ^"^^^^ Hu&ng ddn gidi
Piritsat nû \^\\pY TCr so d6 Fe,Oy >• AUOj
SO4" + Ba^^ > BaSOî Ta C O : 0,3 mol Fe,Oy > 0,4 mol A I j O , . '
Trang •: 12
=> Loai quang sat do la pirit sat. &' Theo s(5 nguySn t u oxi thi 0,3y = 0,4.3 z:>y = ^ = 4 > ^1 5
Dap an dung la D . Oxit sat C O 4 nguydn tir oxi trong phan tir la Fe304.
C a u 11: khu hoan toan 17,6 gam h6n hop Fe, FeO, Fe304, Fe203 de'n Fe cSn vug Dap an diing la C .
du 2,24 lit khi CO (dktc). KhO'i luong sat thu duoc Ik Cau 14: Cin bao nhidu ta'n quang manhetit c6 chiJa 80% Fe304 dfi' luydn duoc 100
A. 15 gam B. 16 gam C. 17 gam D . 18 gam ta'n gang c6 5 % la cac nguyfin to kh6ng phai sat? Bifi't trong qua trinh luyfin
V ;' V'^;? w Huong ddn gidi gang, luong sat bj hao hut la 4%.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
PTHH: Fe.Oy + yCO — ^ xFe + yCOj
Kh6'i luong sat c6 trong 100 ta'n gang = 100.95% = 95 (tSh)
V i trong qua trinh luydn gang sat bj hao hut 4 % ndn luong sat cSn la:
"OH.) =nco ~ = 0 , l ( m o l ) ^ m o ( „ , , ) =0,1.16 = 1,6 (gam)
100
m p . = 9 5 . — (ta'n)
Vay khd'i luong sat thu duoc bang: mpe = 17,6-1,6 = 1 6 ( g a m )
Dap an diing la B . Kh6'i luong Fe304 = (ta'n)

96 168
C a u 12: can bao nhieu ta'n quang manhetit 80% Fe304 dfi' c6 th^ san xua't duoc 800
ta'n gang c6 ham luong sat la 95%. Biet r i n g trong qua trinh san xu^ft, luong sJt 95 100 232 100
Kh6'i luong quang manhetit cin = —'• . . » 170,82 (ta'n)
bj bao hut la 1 % . 96 168 80
Hu&ng ddn gidi Cau 15: KhiJr a gam m6t oxit sat bang CO o nhiet d6 cao, thu duoc 0,84g Fe va
800 95 0,88gCO2.
Kh6'i luong sat c6 trong 800 lin gang chiia 95% sat 1^: —T— = 760 (taun)
lUU a) Viet phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia phan irng or dang t6ng quat.
760 100 b) Xac djnh c6ng thiic hoa hoc ciia oxit sat da dung.
Luong sat thuc te cin phai c6 la: ^ = 767,68 (tSn) c) Ti'nh th^ tich dung djch H Q 2 M cin dung d^ h6a tan he't a gam oxit sat n6i tren.
Ta C O so d6 chung cua qua trinh: Hu&ng ddn gidi
a) Fe,Oy + yCO > xFe + yCOj (1) .! >
Fe304 > 3Fe
b) S6' mol cac cha't thu duoc sau phan utig : /
232 ta'n > 3.56 tin
n F c = ^ = 0 , 0 1 5 m o l ; n c o , = ^ = 0,02 m o l ; , 1 .
56 ^ 4 4
Mu6'n CO 767,68 ta'n Fe, cSn = 1060.13 ta'n Fe304
3.56
v a y kh6i luong quang manhetit cin dung 1^:
Tac6tile:^ =Ml£.3
• y 0,020 4
. ,325,163 (ta'n). C6ng thiic hoa hoc cua oxi sat 1^ Fe304.
80 ,
Fe304 + 8HC1 > FeClj + 2Fea3 + 4H2O (2)
C a u 13: Khix ho^n toan 0,3 mol m6t oxit Fe,0y bang A l thu duoc 0,4 mol A h '
Theo d^ bai, trong a gam oxit sat c6 0,84 g sat va 0,02 mol nguydn tijr o x i .
Fe,Oy + A l — ^ Fe + A l j O j Kh6'i luong a = 0,84 + (16.0,02) = 1,16 (g)
C6ng thiic c&w tao cua oxit sat la
Dang 4: Bdi tap ve dong vd hap chat
S6'molFe304= = 0,005 (mol)
\Ji thuyet van dung va phuong phap giai: " '
Theo (2): HHCI = ^-"p^ô^ = 8-0,005 = 0,04 ( m o l )
' jsiam vOng tinh chat ciia d6ng va cac hcrp cha't cua d6ng (xem ph^n l i thuyd't v^
(J6ng va hop chat).
V„,= iHia,1000A04,20(^1) ' " '
j^6t s6' phucmg trinh hoa hoc cdn chii y: i;
C a u 16: Di bao quan dung dich FeS04 trong phong t h i nghifim, ngircfi ta ngSm 2Cu + 4 H a + 2CuCU + 2H,0
I
0,(k,) ^
vô dung djch do m6t dinh sat da lam sach. Cach giai thich dung cho vide lam
2Cu + 2H2SO4 + O2 ,kk) > 2CUSO4 + 2H2O
trdn la:
A . De' Fe tac dung he't vdd H2SO4 d u khi diû ch6' FeS04 bang phan ihig: 3Cu + 8HNO3 „„j„g, > 3Cu(N03)2 + 2NOT + 4H2O
Fe + H2SO4 (loang) FeS04+ T Cu + 2Fea3 > 2FeCl2 + C u Q j . ,, , . ,
B. Di Fe tac dung vdri cac tap chat trong dung dich, chang han vdd tap chat la
3CuO + 2NH3 — 3 C u + N2 + 3H2O ' S ,a •
CUSO4:
Fe + CUSO4 > FeS04 + Cu 4^ CuO + Cu > Cu;0

C. De sat tac dung h6t hoa tan:
2Cu(N03). — ^ 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
2Fe + 02 >2FeO
C u ( O H ) , + 4NH3 > [Cu(NH3)4]'* + 2 0 H -
D . De sat khijf mue>i sat (III) thknh mu6'i sat (II):
Fe + Fe2(S04)3 - > 3FeS04 2CU2O + Cu.S > 6Cu + SO2
Huong ddn gidi Phirong phap giai nhanh cac bai tap v^ d6ng va hop cha't ciia d6ng:
M u t f i sat Fe (II) c6 tinh khil manh, trong kh6ng k h i ion Fe^* d§ b i o x i h6a thanh Phirang phap bao toan khoi luong
Fe'*, do vay d ^ bao quan dung dich FeS04 trong phong thi nghifim, ngucri ta
Phuong phap bao toan electron
ngam vao dung dich do m6t dinh sat da lam sach d ^ sat khir mudi sat (HI) thiinh
Phuong phap bao toan nguyen t6'
mu6'i sat (II):
Phuong phap bao toan dien tich
Fe + Fe2(S04)3 — 3FeS04
Phuorng phap qui doi
Dap an diing la D .
Phuomg phap hoa trj trung binh
C a u 17: Cho hai phuong trinh hda hoc sau:
Phuorng phap tu chon luong chat
Cu + 2Fea3 - » 2Fea2 + C u Q ,
Phuong phap s u dung phuong trinh ion thu gon.
Fe + C u C U F e Q , + Cu
Co t h ^ riit ra kd't luan nao sau day? ^^c thi du minh hoa:
A . Tinh oxi hda: Fe'* > C u ^ ' > F e ^
^fttdu 1: Tid'n hanh didn phan dung djch chita m gam h6n hop CUSO4 va N a Q
B. Tinh oxi hoa: Fe'* > Cu^* > Fe'*
(hieu suat 100%, didn cue tro, mang ngan x6p), de'n khi nudt bat dû bj dien
C. T i n h k h i f : F e > F e - * > C u .
phan a ca hai didn circ thi ngirtig didn phan, thu duoc dung djch X va 6,72 lit
D . Tinh khir: Fe'* > Fe > Cu.
(dktc) or anot. Dung djch X hoa tan td'i da 20,4 gam AI2O3. Gia trj cua m la
Hu&ng ddn gidi
I 1^-25,6 B.51,1 C.50,4 D . 23,5
Phan iJng (1) : tinh o x i hoa Fe'* > Cu"*
^ (Trich de tuyen sink Dai hoc nam 2013-Khoi A)
Phan umg ( 2 ) : tfnh o x i hoa Cu"* > Fe'*
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dap an diing la A .
Hioi hai nay can chii y: Dung dichX hoa tan duac AI2O3 (to tinh h(dng tinh)
' ' ^ W dung dich Xcd the Id dung dich axit (dung dich chda axit H2SO4) hodc dung
tern (dung dich chda NaOH).
S6' mol cac chat: n^hf = 0,3 (mol); nîÔj = 0,2 (mol); Cu 2e Cu +2
0,025 0,05
Phuong trinh difin phan:
^ T6ng s6' mol electron nhucmg = 0,15 + 0,05 = 0,2 (mol)
CUSO4 + 2NaCl Cui + cut + Na2S04 Cac qua trinh nhan electron xay ra: *
a -> 2a a (mol)
N03+4H++3e NO + 2H2O
* Trutmg hgfp 1: Dung djch X chura NaOH
Ban ddu: 0.05 0,25 0,2
2Naa + 2H2O -> 2NaOH + Q ^ t + H j t
Phan irng: 0,05 ^ 0,2 - 0,15
2x ^ 2x ^ X
Sau: 0 0,05 0,05
2NaOH + AI2O3 -> 2NaA102 + H , 0 Sau khi cho AgNOj vao:
2x X
AgNO, + Cr ^ A g a i + NO J
fa + x = 0,3 a = 0,1
Ta c6: \ 0,2 <- 0,20,2 ^0,2
x = 0,2
NOJ + 4H+ + 3e NO + 2H2O
Vay m = (2a + 2x). 58,5 + 160a = 51,1 (gam)
Dap an diing la B. Ban ddu: 0,05 0,05
* Trudng hgrp 2: Dung djch X chiia H2SO4 Phan ihig: 0,05 -> 0,0375 (mol)
CUSO4 + H , 0 Cu + H,S04 + 1/20, C6n: 0 0,0125
y y ->0,5y Ag' + e ->Agi
3H3SO4 + AI2O3 AU(S04)3 + 3H2O

0,0125-» 0,0125 (mol)
Chat ran thu duoc g6m 0,0125 mol Ag va 0,2 mol AgQ
y -> y/3 vay m = 0,0125.108 + 0,2.143,5 = 30,05 (gam)
'a + 0,5y=0,3 [a = -0,6 Dap an diing la B.
Ta c6:
y = 0,6
[y/3 = o,2 Thi du 3: Chat ran X phan ling vdi dung djch HCl duoc dung djch Y. Cho tir tijr
=> Loai trircmg hop nay. dung djch NH3 den du vao dung djch Y, ban diu xua't hidn ke't tua xanh, sau
Thi du 2: Hoa tan hoan loan h6n hop g6m 2,8 gam Fe va 1,6 gam Cu trong 500 do kd't tua tan, thu duoc dung djch mau xanh thkm. Ch& X la
ml'dung djch h6n hop HNO, 0,iM va HCl 0,4M, thu duoc khi NO (khi duy A. Cu B. CuO C. Fe D. FeO
nha't) va dung djch X. Cho X vao dung djch AgNOj du, thu duoc m gam ch^t - (Trich de tuyen sink Cao dang khdi A)
ran. Bi6't cac phan ling dû xay ra ho^n tokn. NO la san ph^m khir duy nh^t
Hu&ng ddn gidi
cua N * ' trong cdc phan irng. Gia trj cua m la
A. 29,24 B. 30,05 C. 34,10 D. 28,70 Chat X la CuO:
(Trich de tuyen sink Dai hoc nam 2013 • Khoj^- CuO + 2HC1 > CuCl 2 + H2O
Hudng ddn gidi
(X) (ddY)
Dd' giai bî n^y c6 thd' sir dung ban phan iJng ion — electron.
S6' mol cac chat: np, = 0,05 (mol); nc„ = 0,025 (mol); 2NH3 + CUCI2 + 2H2O ^ C u ( 0 H ) 2 i +2NH4CI
"HNOa =0,05(mol); nHci =0,2(mol) (ddY) xanh
= > n ^ = 0,05 + 0,2 = 0,25 (mol); n =0,05(mol)

H ^^^3
4NH3 (diJ) +Cu(OH)2 >[Cu(NH3)J(OH)2
Cac qud trinh nhucmg electron xay ra: xanh thSm ,
Fe - 3e Fe*' "^P an dung la B.
0,05 -> 0,15
469
Thidj^4: Cho cac dung djch loang: (1) FeCl,, (2) FeCl^, (3) H.SO^. (4) HN,
ffii du 6: Hoa tan h6n hop b6t g6m m gam Cu 4,64 gam F e 3 0 4 \ko dung djch
(5) h6n hop g6m HCl va NaNO,. Nhiing dung dich phan dng dirac voi L ^ "
loai Cu Ik H2SO4 (loang, rat dir), sau khi cac phan iJng kfe't thiic chi thu dugc dung djch
A . ( l ) , ( 2 ) , (3) X. Dung djch X lam mat mhu vira du 100 ml dung djch KMnO4 0 , l M . Gia tri
B.(l),(3),(5) C.(l),(3),(4) D.(l),(4),(5)
cija m !a
JTHch detuyen sink Cap ddnejrh^^
A-1,24. B. 3,2. C.0,64. . D. 0,96.
Hu&ng dan gidi
(Trich de tuyen sinh Dai hoc khd'i A)
PTHH cac phan ling hoa tan Cu: \
Hu&ng ddn gidi
(1) 2FeCl3 + C u 2 F e C l 2 + CuClj "'"'\
C^ch 1: Phirong phap bao tokn electron
( 4 ) 8 H N O 3 + 3 C u - > 3 C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 + 2NO + 4 H 2 O
4 64
(5) 8HC1 + 2NaN03 + 3 C u ^ 3 C u C l 2 + 2NaCl + 2NO + 4 H 2 O • Theobai ra: np,304 = ^ - 0 . 0 2 ( m o l ) ; nKMn04 -0,1.0,1 =0,01 (mol)
Dap an dung la D. ' ' Theo djnh luat bao toan electron ta c6: ,
Thi du 5: Dun nong m gam h6n hap Cu va Fe c6 ti 16 kh6'i lirgng tucmg vmgl^ 2m/64 + 0,02.1 = 0,01.5 => m = 0,96 '
vdri m6t lugmg dung dich HNO,. Khi cac phan ling ke't thiic, thu dugc 0,75ni DdpandunglaD. .^^^^^
gam chat rSn, dung djch X va 5,6 lit h6n hop khi (dktc) g6m NO va NOj Cach 2: Phuong phap th6ng thudng
(kh6ng CO san ph^m khir khac ciia N*'). Bie't luong HNOjda phan ihig la 44,1
Theobaira: np,30, = - ^ = 0.02(mol); n^^„o, =0,1.0,1 = 0,01 (mol)
gam. Gia trj ciia m la
A. 44,8. B.40,5. C. 33,6. D. 50,4. Fe304 + 4 H 2 S O 4 (l)->Fe2 ( 5 0 4 ) 3 + FeS04 + 4 H 2 O
(Trich de tuyen sink Dai hoc khoi A) 0,02 0,02 ^ 0,02 "
Hu&ng dan gidi
Khi gidi hdi nay can chu y: vi kim loai con du nen trong sdn phdm sau phan I'oi^
1^ Cu + Fe2 ( S O 4 )3 - > CUSO4 + 2FeS04
ch! thu duac mud'i sat (II) nitrat. m/64 -> 2m/64
[! 10FeSO4 + 2KMn04 + 8 H 2 S O 4 - > 5Fe2 (SO4 )3 + K 2 S O 4 + 2MnS04 + 8 H 2 O
Theobai ra: nhhNo.N02 = ^ ^ = 0'25(mol); 1x1^^ =0,7m(g); mp^ =0,3m(g)
(0,02 + 2 m / 6 4 ) - ^ 0 , 0 1 '
Vi con 0,75m (g) =:> Phan ling 0,25m (g)
2.(0,02 + 2 m / 6 4 ) = 0,01.10
Chi CO Fe phan ihig (0,25m gam), con dir 0,05m (g) Fe va 0,7m (g) Cu.
Vi Fe dir n6n trong phan ling tao ra Fe'*: => 0,02 + 2m / 64 = 0,05 => 23 / 64 = 0,03 =>m= 0,96
3Fe + 8HN03 -).3Fe(N03)2 +2NO + 4 H 2 O Dap an diing la D.

Thi du 7: H6n hop rSn X g6m A l , FeÔj vk Cu c6 s6' mol bang nhau. H6n hop X
l,5x<-4x -> X
tan hoan toan trong dung djch
Fe + 4 H N 0 3 - ) . F e { N 0 3 ) 2 + 2 N 0 2 + 2 H 2 0 A.NaOH(du). B. HCl (du). C. AgNOj (du). D. NH3 (dir).
y/2^2y <- y (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khdi B)
x + y = 0,25 Hu&ng ddn gidi
Ta c6: 44,1 „ =0,1; y = 0,15 H6n hop X (gdm A l , FcjOj va Cu c6 s6' mol bang nhau) c6 th^ tan hokn tohn
4x + 2y = — ^ = 0,7 trong dung djch HCl dir. That vay:
63
. ^ 2A1 + 6HC1 > 2AICI3 + 3H2t
Ta lai c6: l,5x + ^ .56 = 0,25m 0,15
1,5.0,1 + .56 = 0,25m
2) FejOj + 6HC1 > 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
Dap an diing la D. a(mol) 2a(mol)
470
471
Cu + 2Fea3 > 2FeCl2 + Cud^ Hu&ng ddn gidi
a(mol) 2a(inol) 0,32
Dap an dung la B. f a c6: Uco, H2 = "o = = 0-02 (mol)
Chu y; Kim loai Cu kh6ng tan trong axit H Q , nhung c6 thi tan trong dung dich vay V = 0,02.22, 4 = 0,448 (1ft) ^ ;
FeCl, (san ph^m ciia phan ling FcjOj vdd HCl). p^p an diing la D, ' Vl ,
TMdu 8: Thi tich dung dich HNO3 I M (loang) ft nha't c^n dung d^ ho^ tan holiT
^fUfdu 11: Cho 3,2 gam bOt Cu tac dung v6i 100 ml dung dich h6n hop g6m
toan mOt h6n hop g6m 0,15 mol Fe va 0,15 mol Cu 1^ (bi6't phan ihig tao cha't
HNO3 0,8M va H2SO4 0,2M. Sau khi cac phan ihig xay ra hoan toan, sinh ra
khijfduy nha't la NO)
V lit khf NO (san phim khir duy nha't, 0 dktc). Gia tn ciia V la
A. 1,0 lit. B. 0,6 1ft. C. 0,81ft. D. 1,21ft.
A. 0,448. B. 1,792. C. 0,672. ' D. 0,746.
(Trick De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi B)^
Hu&ng dan gidi
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Luong HNO3 cdn ft nha't khi tao ra san p h ^ la mu6'i sat (II) nitrat.
S\i dung phuong trinh ion nit gon de giai:
3M + 8HNO3 - ) • 3M(N03)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
0,3 0,8 (mol) 3Cu + 8H* + 2NO3 -> 3Cu^* + 2NO + 4H2O
Vi H* he't ntn tfnh luong NO sinh ra theo H*.
Vay V = ^ = 0,8 (1ft)
VNO = 0 , 1 2 . 2 . ^ =0,672 (1ft)
Dip an dung Ik C. O
Thi du 9: Cho cac dung dich: H Q , NaOH dac, NH3, K Q . S6' dung dich phan Dap an diing la C. >.
ling duoc vdfi Cu(0H)2 la Thi du 12: Thuc hifin hai thf nghiem:
A. 1. B.2. C.3. D.4. 1. Cho 3,84 gam Cu phan ling vdi 80 ml dung djch HNO3 I M thoat ra V, 1ft NO.
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi B)
2. Cho 3,84 gam Cu phan ling voi 80 ml dung dich chiia HNO3 I M va H2SO4
Hu&ng ddn gidi 0,5M thoat ra V , 1ft khf NO.
D6ng (II) hidroxit Cu(OH)2 c6 tfnh ItfSng tfnh i=> Cu(OH)2 tan duoc trong HQ Bie't NO la san phdm khir duy nha't, cac the tfch khf do a cung Aiixx kifin.
NaOH dac; Cu(OH)2 c6 kha nang tao phiic t6t => tan duoc trong dung dich NH3: Quan he giiia V, va la
A.V2=1,5V,. B . V 2 = 2V,. C . V 2 = 2,5V,. D . V 2 = V,.
Cu(OH)2 + 2 H a > CUCI2 + 2H2O
Cu(0H)2 + 2NaOH (dac) Na2[Cu(OH)4] Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cu(0H)2 + 4NH3 > [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 Si dung phuong trinh ion nit gon di giai:
Cu(OH)2 khdng tan, kh6ng tac dung v6i dung djch K Q .
. 3Cu + 8H* + 2NO3 -> 3Cu-^ + 2NO + 4H2O
Vay Cu(0H)2 phan ung duoc vdi 3 dung dich.
' ' ^ ' : n N o , „ = 0,02 (mol)
Ddp an diing la C.
^2:nNo,2)=0,04(mol)
Chu v: Cu(OH)2 chi tan diroc trong dung dich ki^m manh c6 n6ng d6 trdn 40%
^lyV3 = 2v, '
khi dun nong. .
. ^ a n diing la B. '
TM du 10: Cho V 1ft h6n hop khf (6 dktc) g6m CO \k H2 phan ihig v6i m6t
luong du h6n hop ran gdm CuO va Fe304 nung nong. Sau khi cac phan ihig dt^ 13: Cho h6n hop Fe, Cu phan ling v6i dung dich HNO3 loang. Sau khi
xay ra hokn toan, kh6'i lucmg h6n hop ran giam 0,32 gam. Phan ling hoan toan, thu duoc dung dich chi chiia m6t chat tan va kim loai
Gia tri ciia V la <lir. Chat tan do la
A. 0,560. B. 0,224. C. 0,112. D. 0,448. A.HNO3. B.Fe(N03)2. C.Cu(N03)2. D. Fe(N03)3.
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi A)_ (Trich Di thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khd'i B)
Hudmg ddn gidi i BT' Hu&ng ddn gidi
Vi kim loai du nfin c6 Fe(NO,)2. V i chi c6 m6t chat tan ndn cha't tan do i- Goi X, y \in luat la s6' mol CuO, FejO, trong 44 gam X.
Fe(N03)2 (sat phan ihig tru6c d6ng). Taco: 80x + 160y = 44 => x + 2y = 0,55 (1)
Dap an diing la B. PTHH: CuO + 2HCl >CuCl2+H20
Thi du 14: Cho hdn hop g6m 1,12 gam Fe 1,92 gam Cu vô 400 mTduJjr
dich chijfa h6n hop g6m H 2 S O 4 0,5M va NaNOj 0,2M. Sau khi cac phan i},,! X > X ,;
xay ra hoan toan, thu duac dung djch X va khi NO (san ph^m khu duy nha't) Fe203 + 6 H a ).2FeCl3 + 3H2O
Cho V ml dung dich NaOH I M vô dung dich X thi lugng kd't tiia thu duoc 1^
3 'SW V
i Idfn nha't. Gia tri t6'i thie'u cua V la y > 2y _
A. 240. B. 120. C. 360. D. 400. Ta c6: 135x + 162,5.2y = 85,25 (2)
(Trich De thituyen sink DH• CD, khoJA^ Giai he (1, 2) ta duoc: x = 0,15; y = 0,2.
Hu&ng ddn gidi => Trong 22 gam X (1/2) c6 0,075 mol CuO; 0,1 mol FeÔj g ) ,
112 1 92
Theo bai ra: np, = ^ = 0,02 (mol); nc„ = — = 0,03 (mol); HpTHH: CuO + C O — ^ Cu + CO2 t
56 64
0,075 0,075 (mol)
= 2 . nH2S04 =20,4.0,5 = 0,4(mol);
Fe203 + 3CO — ^ 2 F e + 3CO2 t v>j|f
* n^^_ =nNaN03 = 0.4.0,2 = 0,08 (mol)
K 0,1 0,3(mol)
Cac PTPir xay ra:
Fe + 4H* + NO 3 > Fe'" + NO + 2 H , 0 H CO2 + Ba(OH)2 >BaC03i + H20
B (0,3 + 0,075) -> 0,375(mol) *
I
0,02-> 0,08 -> 0,02 0,02 (mol)
^•ây m = 0,375.197 = 73,875 (gam).
3Cu + 8H" + 2NOJ > 3Cu-* + 2 N 0 + 4H2O
^B>dp an dung la C .
' 0,03 -^0,08 ^ 0,02 0,03 (mo!)
Tcac bai tap tu luyen: j.'J'
+ NaOH > Na* + H2O
; (0,4 - 0,08 - 0,08) 0,24 (mol) Cku 1: Hoa tan hoan toan 26,4 gam h6n hop Cu, Fe c6 t i 16 mol tuang ihig \k 1:2
bang dung djch HNO, thi thu duoc 0,3 mol NO (san phdm khir duy nha't) va
; Fe'* + 3NaOH > Fe{OH), i + 3Na*
I
dung dich X. Khd'i luong mu6'i sat c6 trong X la
0,02 0,06 (mol)
A. 54 gam B. 72,6 gam C. 32 gam D. 16 gam
Cu-* + NaOH > Cu(OH), i + 2Na* Hu&ng ddn gidi
0,03 0,06 (mol) S6 mol Cu la x (mol) => s6' mol Fe la 2x 5 •
Suy ra I DNÔH = 0,06 + 0,06 + 0,24 = 0,36 (mol)
Taco: 64x + 56.2x = 26,4 => 176x = 26,4 => x =0,15
= > VadNaOH = ^ = 0,36 (lit) = 360 (ml). I Fe + 4HN03->.Fe(N03)3 + NO + 2H20
Dap an diing la C. I 0,3 <- 0,3 < - 0,3 (mol)

Thi du 15: H6n hap X g6m CuO va Fe.O,. Ho^ tan ho^n to^n 44 gam X bJnf
dung djch HCl (du), sau phan ung thu duoc dung dich chiJa 85,25 gam mu'^|'
Mat khac, ne'u khir hoan toan 22 gam X bang CO (du) cho h6n hap khi th_
duac sau phan \xng I6i tCr tir qua dung dich Ba(OH)2 (du) thi thu duac m
ke't tCia. Gia tri cua m la
• A . 147,750 ' B. 76,755 C. 73,875 D. 78.875 , I 2Fe(N03)3+Cu -> 2 F e ( N 0 3 ) 2 + C U ( N 0 3 ) 2
(Trich dethi tuyen sink Dai hockhoj^
I
p\6i an
Eâp
0,3 - > 0,15 -> 0,3 (mol)
luong
diingmu6'i
la A.sat c6 trong X: mp^^f^Q^j^ =0,3.180 = 54(g) ' '•.
Cau 2: Cho 49,6 gam h 6 n hop X g6m Cu, Fe, FeÔi vao dung dich H 2 S O 4 loang
SM 3: Cho m gam h 6 n hop Cu va FejOj vao dung dich H 2 S O 4 loang (du), kha'y deu
(du), khua'y dû cho cac phan umg xay ra hoan loan tha'y c6 2,4 gam k i m loai cho cac phan ung xay ra hoan toan tha'y c6 3,2 gam k i m loai khdng tan va dung
khdng tan; 1,12 l i t k h i thoat ra (dktc) va thu diroc dung djch Y . Cho dung dich dich X . Cho N H , (tdi du) vao dung dich X , loc la'y ke't tiia, nung trong khong khi
N H , tdi d u vao dung dich Y , loc kfi't tiia r6i nung trong khong khi den khoj de'n khd'i luong k h 6 n g d6i con lai 16 gam c h a t ran. Gia tri cua m la
lugng k h 6 n g d6i con lai 40 gam chat ran khan. Phdn tram kh6'i lucmg cua C u
A . 32 B, 19,2 C. 35,2 D. 25,6
trong h6n hop X la
Hu&ng ddn gidi
A . 4,83% B. 20,64% C. 24,19% D . 17,74%
Goi X, y iSn luot la s6' mol cua Cu, FejOj trong h6n hop.
Huong din gidi
PTFU: Fe203 + 3H2S04(1) - ^ F c j ( 8 0 4 ) 3 +3H2
K i m loai kh6ng tan la Cu du.
y ^ y
K h i thoat ra la H . : = 22,4 = 0,05 (mol) Fe2 (804)3 + Cu 2Fe804 + CUSO4
40
y -> y -> 2y
Chat ran khan la FeÔj: np^ = ^ „ = 0,25 (mol) Fe804 + 2NH3 + 2 H 2 O ^ Fe(OH)2 i + (NH4 )28O4
^ ^ 160
Fe203 + 3H2SO4 ^ Fe2 ( S O 4 \
2y 2y
X 4Fe(OH)2+02 — 5 ^ 2 F e 2 0 3 +4H2O
Fe + H2SO4 FeSO 4 + H 2 2y ^ y
CUSO4 +6NH3 +2H20-)-[Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 +(NH4)2 804
Fe + Fe2 ( 5 0 4 ) 3 ^ 3FeS04 16
Theo bai ra: n Fe203 =0,l(mo!) = y
160
z -> z -> 3z
= > n c u = y = O . K m o l ) z:>mcu=6,4(gam)
Cu + Fe2 ( 8 0 4 ) 3 2FeS04 + CUSO4
vay m = 16 + 6,4 + 3,2 = 25,6 (gam)
t ^ t ^ 2t ^ t Dap an dung la D .
FeS04 + 2NH3 + 2H2O - > Fe(OH)2 i + ( ^ 4 ) ^ 8 0 4 'u 4: Dung dich khong th^ hoa tan Cu la
(y + 3z + 2t) ^ ( y + 3z + 2t) A . dung djch FeCl, c6 hoa tan NaNOj
B. dung djch HCl c6 sue O,
.0
C. dung dich Fe,(804)3
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 ->2Fe203 + 4H2O
D . dung djch HCl c6 hoa tan NaNO,
(y + 3z + 2 t ) (0,5y+l,5z + t) Hu&ng ddn gidi
CUSO4 +6NH3 +2H20^.[Cu(NH3)J(OH)2 +(NH4)2S04 PTPU (hoa tan k i m loai Cu):
2CU + 4HC1 + 0 , • 2CUCI2+2H2O
160x + 5 6 ( y + z ) + 64t = 49,6 - 2,4 = 47,2
Cu + Fe2 (804)3 ~^ ^"^^4 + 2Fe804
y = 0,05
Ta CO h e : 3Cu + 8HC1 + 2NaN03 ->3CuCl2
- ) . 3 C u C l 2++22N a C I + 2 N O + 4 H 2 0
x=z + t
Cu + F e C l j + N a N O j Kh6ng xay ra.
0,5y + l,5z + t = 0 , 2 5
Dap an diing la A .
t = 0 , 1 3 ; z = 0,05; y = 0 , 0 5 ; x = 0,2 u 5: Cho m gam h6n hop Cu va FejO, vô dung dich H:804 loang du, khua'y d6u
(64.0,15) + 2 , 4 ] . 1 0 0 cho cac phan ung xay ra hoan toan tha'y c6 6,4 gam k i m loai kh6ng tan va dung
V a y %mc,/x = = 24,19% djch X . Cho NH3 tori du vao dung djch X , loc la'y ke't tiia, nung trong kh6ng k h i
49,6
de'n khd'i lugmg kh6ng d6i con lai 32 gam c h a t ran. Gia trj ciia m 1^
Dap an diing la C. A . 35,2 ' B.25,6 ' C. 70,4 D.51,2
Alf,
Hu&ng dan gidi 0 04 3
32 =e>ncu (d.) = 0,15 - —0,05 =0,04 (mol)
Theobîra: nFe203 = 0,2(mol)
=i> m = (d„) = 0,04.64 = 2,56 (gam)
Sa d6 phan iJng: p^p an diing 1^ D.
H9SO4I NH3
Cu.FejOj " 2 ^ ^ ' )|_Cu.Fe2 ( 8 0 4 ) 3 J CuS04,FeS04 •Fe{OH) (îch khdc: V i kim loai con du ndn trong dung dich Fe chi tao Fe(N03)2. Goi x Ik
s^mol Cu da phan ung.
kk,t
S<jd6 cho - nhan electron.
Fe,03
Fe - 2e ^Fe^^ '^r Cu-2e >Ca^*
" '"Fe203 (bandiu) = '"Fe203 (sau phin ling) = 32 gam
0,1 0,2 • ' X -> 2x >'f- ' ^
- mcu(da) = M g a m '
+5 +2 •'' I i.
- Luang Cu phan iJng dugc tinh:

Fe203 + 3H2SO4 (,)-> Fej ( 5 0 4 ) 3 + 3 H 2 O 0,14 ^ 0,42
0,2 0,2 (mol) Theo nguyen tic bao tokn electron:

• if
0,2 + 2x =0,42 2 x = 0,22=> x = 0 , l l
Fe2 (SO4 ) 3 + Cu ^ 2FeS04 + CUSO4
vay m (0,15 - 0,11). 64 = 2,56 (gam)
0,2 ^ 0,2 .'4 i V i
Dap an diing la D.
=> mcu (phin ^g) = 0,2.64 = 12,8 (gam)
Cau 7: Khir m gam b6t CuO bang khi H, b nhiet d6 cao thu dugc h6n hgp chat rdn
Vay m = mFe203 + ^cu =32 + 6,4 + 12,8 - 5l,2(gam) |,; X. De' hoa tan he't X cin vCra dii 1 lit dung dich HNO3 I M , thu duoc 4 48 lit khi
Dap an diing la D. NO duy nha't (dktc). Hidu sua't phan irng khu CuO la
A. 70% B.75% C.80% D. 85%
Chu v: M6t s6' PTPU" xay ra trong thi nghiem tr€n:
CUSO4 + 2NH3 + 2H.O ->. Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)2S04 Hu&ngddngidi
Cu(OH). + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4J (OH), (Tan)
CuO + H2 — ^ Cu + H 2 O (1)
FeS04 + 2NH3 + 2H2O Fe(OH)2i + (NH4)2S04
4Fe(OH)2 + O, — ^ 2Fe203 + 4H2O 3Cu + 8 H N O 3 > 3Cu(N03)2 + 2 N O + 4 H 2 O (2)
Cau 6: Cho h6n hop g6m 9,6 gam Cu va 5,6 gam Fe vao dung dich HNO3 loang CuO + 2 H N O 3 > Cu(N03)2 + " 2 O (3)
Khua'y deu de phan ung xay ra hoan toan, tha'y c6 3,136 lit khi NO (1^ san phiini
khu duy nha't thoat ra, a dktc) va con lai m gam chat kh6ng tan. Gia trj cua m la SfimolNO: nô = ^ = 0,2(mol) fe
A. 2,24 B. 1,92 C. 2,8 D. 2,56.
Hudng dan gidi
Tlieo(2): nc„ =^.n^^ =0,3(mol); nHN03 =|-"NO =0,8(mol)
Theobaira: nû =0,15(mol); n^^ =0,l(mol); nô =0,14(mol)
Tru6c tidn: Fe + 4 H N O 3 ^Fe(N03)3 + N O + 2 H 2 O
^"°(3): nc„o =^nHN03 - ^ • ( l - 0 , 8 ) = 0.l(mol)
0,1 0,1 0,1 (mol)
3Cu + 8 H N O 3 ^ 3Cu(N03 )2 + 2 N O + 4 H 2 O "cuo (banddu) = 0,1 + 0,3 = 0,4 (mol)
^ l y hieu sua't cua phan ihig khu CuO:
^ ^(0.14-0,1)
Vi Cu con du nen c6 phan utig:

Cu+2Fe(N03)3 ->Cu(N03)2+2Fe(N03)2
0,05 < - 0,1 .
A19
^^11 11: D6't 12,8 gam Cu trong khdng khi. Hoa tan cha't rSn thu duroc vao dung
Cau 8: H6n hap X g6m Cu va Fe, trong do Cu chie'm 43,24% kh6'i luong. Cho I4
djch H N O 3 0,5M tha'y thoat ra 448 ml khi NO duy nha't (dktc).
gam X tac dung hd't vdi dung dich HCl tha'y c6 V h't khi (dktc) bay ra. Gig '
Vi^'t phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan umg xay ra.
cuaVia ^'
J,) Ti'nh the' ti'ch t6'i thie'u dung djch H N O 3 c&n diing d^ hoa tan chtft r S n .
A. 1,12 h't B. 2,241i't C. 4,48 lit D. 3,38 lit
Hu&ng ddn gidi Hu&ng ddn gidi ' '
12 8
Kh6'i luomg Cu: m^^ = ' = 6,4(g) ^ ^ ' m o l kim loai Cu: ncu = - g ^ = 0 , 2 ( m o l ) ^
• m p e =14,8-6,4 = 8,4g S6'mol khi NO: =^^=0,02(mol) ;

22,4 ^
Fe + 2HC1 > FeCl2 + H2 t
a) 2CU + O 2 — ^ 2 C u O ^ : (1)
" H , - P e = ^ = 0,15(mol) V H , =0,15.22,4 = 3,36 (Ut)
56 CuO + 2 H N O 3 > Cu(N03)2 + H 2 O ' (2)
D^p an dung la D.
3Cu + 8 H N O 3 > 3Cu(N03)2 + 2 N O t + 4 H 2 O (3)
cau 9: Cho 19,2 gam kim loai M tac dung vdi dung djch H N O 3 loang, du thu duqc
4,48 lit khi duy nha't NO (dktc), Kim loai M la 0,03 <- 0,08 < 0,02 (mol)
A. Mg B. Cu C. Fe D. Zn
Hu&ng ddn gidi =*ncu(3)=|nNO=0'03(mol)
M - ne > M"*
=:>nc„(,) =0,2-0,03 = 0,17(mol)
19,2 J9,2.n
-> -(mol)
M • M • ncuO=ncu(i)=0,17(mol)
+5 +2
N + 3e > N(NO) nieo(2): nHf,03(2)=2:ncuO-2.0,17 = 0,34(mol)
4 48
0,6 ^ — = 0,2 (mol) Vay the' ti'ch dung djch H N O 3 cdn diing: Vj^HNOa = "'"^"^'^'^"^ = 0,84 (lit)
22,4
19 2 n CÛ 12: Hoa tan 58 gam mu6'i CUSO4.5H2O vao nude duoc 500 ml dung djch A
Theo nguydn tac bao toan electron, ta c6: —^-^=0,6 => M=32n Xdc djnh n6ng d6 mol ciia cung djch A.
M
^) Cho ddn ddn b6t sat vao 50 ml dung djch A, khuSfy nhe cho tori khi dung dich he't
Gia trj hop l i la n = 2 =i> M = 64 (Cu)
mau xanh. Ti'nh lucmg sat da tham gia phan iJng.
Dap an diing la B. Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cau 10: Cho 7,68 gam Cu tac dung h€t vdi dung dich H N O 3 loang tha'y c d khi N!
thoat ra. Kh6'i lirong mud'i nitrat sinh ra trong dung dich la "CUSO4 = ncuS04.5H20 = ^ = 0,232(mol)
0 232
Hu&ng ddn gidi ^6ng d6 mol cua dung djch A: C^s„so^) = - ^ = 0,464(M)
3Cu + 8 H N O 3 > 3Cu(N03)2 + 2 N 0 T + 4 H 2 O ^0 ml dung djch A (1/10 ban ddu) cd 0,0232 mol CUSO4
I
— =0,12 -y 0,12 (mol) Fe + CUSO4 > Cu + Fe04
64
0,0232*- 0,0232 (mol)
' Kh6'i lirgrng mud'i nitrat sinh ra: mj^^^^Q^j^ =0,12.188 = 22,56(gam) »ip^ =0,0232.56 = l,2992(gam).
Dap an diing la C.
0 +5 +2 +2
C a u 13: M 6 t thanh d6ng c6 khd'i lucmg 140,8 gam duac ngftm trong dung d^^^ 3CU+8HNO3 ^ 3 C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 +2NO+4H2O
A g N O , n6ng d6 3 2 % ( D = 1,2 g/ml) den phan ling hoan toan. K h i la'y thy„|^
d6ng ra thi no c6 khO'i luong la 171,2 gam.
Tinh t h ^ tich dung dich A g N O , da dung d^ ngam thanh d6ng (gia thie't tohn k
4 ~^ = 0,3 0,2 (mol)
+2 0 + 4 +4 +5
luong A g tao ra bam he't vao thanh dong).
Hu&ng ddn gidi 2NO+02-^2N02 4NO2+02+2H20-).4HN03
0,2->.0,l -)• 0 , 2 ( m o l ) 0,2 -> 0,05 ( m o l )
Cu + 2 A g N O , > Cu(N03)2 + 2Agi
= (0,1 + 0,05).22,4 = 3,36 (lit).
2 mol < tang 2 . 1 0 8 - 6 4 = 152 gam O v;
rdch 2:
X mol < tang 171,2 - 140,8 = 30,4 gam
Trong qua trinh phan ling tr6n thi Cu cho electron va O2 thu electron con N
30,4.2 ,x
'
3:>x = = 0,4(mol) trong H N O 3 chi van chuyg'n electron ntn ta c6:
152 ^ i
Qua trinh cho electron: Cu > Cu-* + 2e
n i A g N O 3 = 0 , 4 . 1 7 0 = 68(gam)
# 0,3 0,6 (mol) '
68.100 >. Qua trinh thu electron: O, + 4e -> 20-"
: =^ mddAgNO, n% = = 212,5(gam)
a -> 4a (mol)
V a y the' tich dung dich A g N O , da dung la:
Tac6: 4a = 0,6 => a = — = 0,15 (mol)
V (dd A g N O j ) = 212,5/1,2 = 177,0 (ml),
4 . ,
c a u 14: Cho h6n hop g6m 0,1 mol A g , 0 va 0,2 mol Cu tac dung hd't vori dung dich
}} => V o , =0,15.22,4 = 3 , 3 6 (lit).
H N O 3 loang, du. C6 can dung dich thu duoc sau phan ihig duoc h6n hop muoi 9: • '
Dap an diing la B.
khan A. Nung A ddn khdi luong khong doi thu duoc chat rat B c6 kh6'i luong la
Cau 16: Chia 4 g h6n hop b6t k i m loai g6m A l , Fe, Cu thanh hai phin 66u nhau.
A.26,8g B. 13,4g C. 37,6g D. 34,4g.
- Cho ph^n (1) tac dung vdd luong du dung dich HCl, thu duofc 560 m l H , .
Hu&ng ddn gidi
- Cho phdn (2) tac dung voi luong du dung dich N a O H , thu duoc 336 m l H j .
Ta C O so d6 phan ling: Cac the' tich khi do a (dktc). Ti'nh thanh ph^n phdn trSm.khd'i luong ciia timg
k i m loai trong h6n hop.
Ag,0 """^ > 2AgNO, — ^ 2Ag (1)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
0,1 0,2 0,2 (mol)
PMn(\) 2 A l + 6Ha 2AICI3 + 3HA (1)
Cu """3 > Cu(N03) 2 - ^ C u O (2)
Fe + 2HC1 -> F e Q j + H , t (2)
0,2 0,2 0,2 (mol)
Ph^n (2) 2A1 + 2NaOH + 2H3O -> 2NaA102 + 3 H 2 T (3)
T h e o ( l ) : m A g = 108.0,2 = 21,6 (g)
Theo (2): mcuo = 80.0,2 = 16,0 (g) Theo (3): n^, = jtiH^ = | - ^ ^ = O.OI (mol) => m^, = 0,27 g
vay khdi luong chat ran B la: 21,6 + 16,0 = 37,6 (g)
Theo (1) va (2), (3) ta c6: (2) = 560 - 336 = 224 (ml)
(
Dap an dung la C. ^
C a u 15: Hoa tan hoan toan 19,2 g Cu vao dung djch H N O 3 loang. K h i N O thu ^
' "^^.^ ^ Theo (2) ta c6 : Hp. = n^^ = = 0,01 (mol) ^ m p c = 0,56 g
dem oxi hoa thanh N O , r6i sue vao nu6c cung voi dong k h i O, d^ chu)'^" ^ 22,4
thanh HNO3. The tich khi O, (dktc) da tham gia vao qua trinh trSn la
A. 2,241it B. 3,36 lit C. 4,48 lit D. 6,72 lit %mAi = 100% = 13,5% ; % m p , = — . 1 0 0 % = 2 8 %
Hu&ng ddn gidi
I %mc„ = 100% - 13,5% - 2 8 % = 58,5%. 1^'^ ^' ' "
Cdch 1:
483
Dang 5: Bdi tdp ve cdc kim loai Ag, Au, Sn, Zn, I'b
Phuong phap hoa trj trung binh
1. L i t h u y ^ t v $ n d u n g \h p h u o n g phap g i a i : Phuong phap t u chon luong chat ^
* Nam vihig ti'nh chat cua cac kim loai nay (xem phSn If thuyfit). Phirong phap su dung phuong trinh ion thu gon.
* M6ts6'PTHHc5nchuy: 2, Cac t h i d u m i n h h o a :
Ag + 2HNO3 > AgNOa + N O j t + HÔ fhi du 1: Cho cac cap o x i h6a - khiif duoc sap xd'p theo thu" t u tang dSn tfnh o x i
4 A g + O2 + 2H2S > A g j S i + 2H2O . hoa cua cac ion k i m loai: APVAl; Fe-*/Fe; Sn^VSn; Cu^VCu. Tie'n hanh cac thi
nghiem sau: -, c i
Au + H N O 3 + 3Ha > A u Q j + N O + 2H2O
(a) Cho sat vao dung djch ddng ( I I ) sunfat. }
^ Ni + a , —!%Nia2 (b) Cho d6ng vao dung djch nh6m sunfat.

(c) Cho thiec vao dung djch ddng (II) sunfat.
2Ni + O , — 2 N i O ,A;,*av:' (d) Cho thie'c vko dung djch sat (II) sunfat.
Ni + 2Ha ^Nia^ + Hzt •< '^'f^ Trong cac thf nghidm t r t n , nhCng thf nghidm c6 xay ra phan iJng la:
A.(a)v^(b) B. ( b ) v a ( c ) C. ( a ) v a ( c ) D . (b)vJl(d)
3 N i + 8HNO3 (loang) > 3Ni(N03)2 + 2 N O t + 4 H 2 O
(Trich detuyin sink Dai hoc nam 2013 - Khoi A)
4Zn + 5H2SO4 (dac) > 4ZnS04 + HjS + 4H2O Hu&ng ddn giai
4 Z n + IOHNO3 (1) > 4Zn(N03)2 + NH4NO3 + SHjO Phuong trinh h6a hoc (nfi'u c6)
Zn + 2 N a O H + 2H2O > Na,[Zn(OH)4] + H2 (a) Fe + CUSO4 - > FeS04 + Cu

(b) Cu + Al2(S04)3-> Khdng xay ra
Zn + 4NH3 + 2 H , 0 > [Zn(NH3)4](OH)2 + H z t
(c) Sn + CUSO4 SnS04 + Cu
4 Z n + NaN03 + 7 N a O H > 4Na2Zn02 + NH3 + H2O
(d) Sn + FeS04 Kh6ng xay ra.
,0
Dap an dung la C .
Sn + O , — — > SnO,
Thi du 2: Truomg hop nao sau day k h o n g xay ra phan ihig?
Sn + 2HC1 ). S n Q , + H , A . A u + H N O 3 dac B. A g + O3 - >
3Sn + 8 H N O 3 (loang) > 3Sn(N03), + 2 N 0 + 4 H 2 O C. Sn + H N O 3 loang - > ' D . A g + H N O 3 dac ^
Sn + 4 H N O 3 (dac) > H2Sn03>l + 4 N 0 2 t + H j O ^^ (Trich detuyin sinh Dai hoc nam 2013 - Khd'i B)
Hu&ng ddn giai
Sn + 4H2SO4 (dac) > Sn(S04)2 + 2 5 0 , + 4H2O
Cac P T H H xay ra (nS'u c6):
Sn + 2 N a O H + 2H2O > Na2[Sn(OH)4] + H2
A u + H N O 3 (dac): Kh6ng xay ra
Pb + 3H2S04(dac) — ^ Pb(HS04)2 + SO2 + 2H2O
2 A g + O3 - > A g j O + O2
Pb + 2 K O H + 2H2O > K2[Pb(OH)4] + H 2 t I 3Sn + 8 H N O 3 - > 3Sn(N03)2 + 2 N O + 4H2O
I A g + 2 H N O 3 (dac) - > A g N 0 3 + NO2 + H2O
3Pb + 8HNO3 (loang) > 3Pb(N03)2 + 2 N O + 4 H 2 O • In
* Phuong phap giai nhanh cac bai tap dang n^y: F Dap an diing la A .
- Phuong phap bao toan kh6'i luong Thi du 3: Cho phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia phan umg:
- Phuong phap bao toan electron 2Cr + 3Sn^^ 2Cr^* + 3Sn
- Phuong phap bao toan nguySn \6 Nhan xet nao sau day v^ phan utig trSn la dung?
- Phuong phap bao to^n didn tich A . Sn-" la chat khijr, Cr** la chat oxi hoa
- Phuong phap qui d6i B. Cr la chat o x i hoa, Sn'* ^ ch& khir
484
^ Nung ka't tua trong khdng k h i :
C. Cr m chat khir, Sn"* ^ chat oxi hoa
D. Cr^* la chat khir, Sn-^ la chat oxi hoa Cu(OH)2—^CuO + H20t
(Trich de tuyen sink Dai hoc nam 2013 - Khoi B)
Hu&ng ddn gidi 4 F e ( O H ) 2 + O2 — ^ 2 F e 2 0 3 + 4 H 2 O T
PTHH: 2Cr + 3Sn^" - > ICr"* + 3Sn
2Fe(OH)3 — ^ F e 2 0 3 + 3 H 2 O T
=> Cr la chat khijf, Sn"* la chat oxi hoa
Dap an diing la C . Z g6m: CuO, Fe.O,
Pap an diing la A.
Thi du 4: Cho h6n hop X g 6 m Cu, A g , Fe, A l tac dung vori oxi d u khi dun nong
duoc chat ran Y. Cho Y vao dung dich HCl du, khua'y ky, sau do la'y dung ffii du 5: C h o 2,7 gam h6n hop b6t X g6m Fe va Z n tac dung v6\g dich
CUSO4. Sau mot thofi gian, thu duoc dung djch Y v a 2,84 gam chat ran Z . C h o
djch thu diroc cho tac dung voi dung djch N a O H loang, dir. Loc la'y k6't tiaa
toan b6 Z vao dung dich H , S 0 4 (loang, du), sau khi c a c phan ting k€t thiic thi
tao th^nh dem nung trong khdng khi dd'n kh6'i luong kh6ng d6i thu diroc chat
khdi lugng chat ran giam 0,28 gam va dung djch thu duoc c h i chiJa m6t mu6'i
ran Z . Bie't cac phan umg xay ra hoan toan. Thanh ph5n ciia Z g 6 m
duy nha't. PhSn tram kh6'i luong c u a Fe trong X la
A. F e 2 0 3 , C u O B. Fe203,CuO,Ag
A. 58,52%. B. 51,85%. C . 48,15%. D. 41,48%.
C. F e j O j . A l j O j D. F e 2 0 3 , C u O , A g 2 0
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Hu&ng ddn gidi
This tu trong day dien hoa: Zn^Vzn; Fe^^/Fe; 2 H / H 2 ; Cu^^/Cu
* X + O2 — ^ Y:
Scf do c a c phan ung:
2 C u + O2 — ^ 2CuO X(Fe.Zn) ^^"^^ >Z (ran) + d d Y

,0 2,7(g) 2,84 (g)
3Fe + 2 0 2 — ! — ^ ^ 6 3 0 4
Z + H 2 S 0 4 ( l ) - > CophantJng ' '
4AI + 3 O 2 — ^ 2 A l 2 0 3 Vi m^ > nix Z n phan ihig hd't, F e da phan utig m6t ph^n. Trong chat ran Z
* Y + HCl (dd,du): CO C u va F e d u (kh6'i luong chat ran giam chi'nh bang khdi luong F e d u trong Z )
CuO + 2HC1 ^ CUCI2 + H2O =>'"Fe(Z)=0-28(g) ,^
A g + HCl kh6ng xay ra

Zn + C U S O 4 -> Cu i +ZnS04
Fe304 + 8HC1 ^ 2FeCl3 + FeCl2 + 4 H 2 O
A I 2 O 3 + 6HC1 ^ 2 A I C I 3 + 3 H 2 O
Fe + C u S O . -> C u i + F e S O .
=> Dung djch chlia: CuCl2,FeCl2,FeCl3,AlCl3,HCl
y ^ y
* Dung djch + N a O H :
f65x + 56y + 0 , 2 8 = 2 , 7
T a c6: < , x = 0 , 0 2 ; y = 0,02
CUCI2 + 2 N a O H ^ 2NaCl + C U ( O H ) 2 i [ 6 4 ( x + y ) + 0 , 2 8 = 2,84
FeCl2 + 2 N a O H - > F e ( O H ) 2 i +2NaCl ^ y %n,, J56y.0,28).100% J 5 6 . 0 , 0 2 . 0 , 2 8 ) . 100% ^^^^^^^

FeCl3 + 3 N a O H - > F e ( 0 H ) 3 ^ + 3 N a C l ^^'^ 2,7 2,7
AICI3 +4NaOH -^NarAl(OH) + 3NaCl E)ap an dung l a B.
487
Thi du 6: Cho h6n hcKp X g6m FcjOj, Z n O va Cu tac dung vdi dung djch HC]
(du) thu diroc dung djch Y vk phdn khong tan Z . Cho Y tac dung vdi dung
djch N a O H (loang, du) thu duoc ke't tua
I
I
'c) Ca Cu va A g dû kh6ng phan ung
jj^d) Chi CO Cu tac dung (bj oxi hoa) con Ag khdng tac dung.
Cu + 2FeCl3 ^ C u a 2 + 2 F e C l 2
A . Fe(OH)3vaZn(OH)2. B. Fe(OH)2, CuCOH)^ va Z n ( O H ) , . 1^ Dap an diing la A.
C.Fe(OH)3. ^ D.Fe(OH)2vaCu(OH)2. : Chujt' Trong day dien hoa c6 thuf tu: Cu^"'/Cu; Fe^'^/pe^^; Ag'^/Ag ntn thee
(Trich de tuyen sink Dai hoc kho'i A.) 1 quy tac anpha:
Hu&ng ddn gidi l | Cu + 2Fe^+-*Cu2++2Fe2^

X + H C l (du) A g * + Fe^"^ -> Fe-^"^ + Ag (kh6ng xay ra phan ung nguoc lai)
F e 2 0 3 + 6 H C I -> 2FeCl3 + 3 H 2 O
Thi du 8: Cho m gam b6t Zn vao 500 m l dung djch Fe2(S04)3 0,24M. Sau khi
Z n O + 2HC1 -> Z n C I j + H 2 O cac phan utig xay ra hoan toan, kh6'i luong dung djch tang them 9,6 gam so
Cu + 2FeCl3 -> CUCI2 + 2FeCl2 vdfi kh6'i luong dung djch ban dSu. Gia trj ciia m la , | ^. .
=> Z : C u ; Y:ZnCl2,CuCl2,FeCl2 A . 20,80. B. 48,75. C. 32,50. D . 29,25.

(Trich de tuyen sink Dai hoc kho'i B)
Y + N a O H (du, loang):
Hu&ng ddn gidi
ZnCl2+4NaOH->.Na2[Zn(OH)^] + 2Naa
*Theobaira: np^^^g^^^^ =0,5.0,24 = 0,12(mol)
CUCI2 + 2 N a O H -> C u ( O H ) 2 i +2NaCl
W r u 6 c tien: Zn + Fe2 ( S O 4 ( d d ) ZnS04 ( d d ) + 2FeS04 ( d d ) •
F e C l 2 + 2 N a O H -> Fe(OH)2 i +2NaCl
0,12 < - 0 , 1 2 (mol) ^ 0,24
Dap an dung la D .
Ne'u chi CO phan ung nay thi ni^j^jg^ = m^n
Thidu 7: Thurc hidn cac thi nghi^m vdri hdn hap b6t g6m A g v ^ Cu (hdn hop X):
(a) Cho X vao binh chira m6t luong du khi O3 (c» di6u kidn thucmg). T h e o P T H H : m 2 „ =0,12.65 = 7 , 8 ( g ) < 9 , 6 ( g ) x i
(b) Cho X vô m6t luong du dung djch HNO3 (dac). => Phai CO them P T H H sau:
(c) Cho X vao m6t luomg du dung djch H C l (kh6ng c6 mat O j ) . Zn + FeS04 ZnS04 + Fe I '
(d) Cho X vao m6t luong du dung djch FeCl3. X -> X -> X -> x(mol)
•
Thi nghifim ma Cu bj oxi hoa con A g kh6ng bj oxi hoa la Ta c6: 65x - 56x = 9,6 - 7,8 = 1,8
A.(d). B.(b). C.(c). D.(a). =^ 9x = 1,8 => x = 0,2 ( < 0 , 2 4 => thoa man) '
(Trich dS tuyen sink Dai hoc kho'i B)
Vay m = (0,12 + 0,2).65 = 20,80(g) [,",
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dap an diing la A .
Cac thi nghidm:
(a) Ca Cu, A g deu phan ung vdi O3: Thidu9:?h2i\. bie'u nao sau day la s s i ?
Cu + O3 CuO + O2 A . Trong y hoc, Z n O duoc dung lam thu6c giam dau day thfin k i n h , chOa
benh eczema, benh ngira.
2 A g + O3 - > A g 2 0 + O2
B. Nhom la k i m loai dSn dien td't hon vang.
(b) Ca Cu va A g deu phan iJng vdi HNO3 dac: C. Chi (Pb) CO umg dung de' che' tao thie't bj ngan can tia phong xa.
k
Cu + 4 H N O 3 -> C u ( N 0 3 )^ + 2 N O 2 + 2 H 2 O D. Thie'c CO the' dung de phii len b^ mat cua sat d ^ ch6'ng g i .
A g + 2 H N O 3 -> A g N 0 3 + N O 2 + H 2 O
Hu&ng dan gidi
-jl^du 12: Cho m6t lucmg b6t Z n vao dung djch X g6m FeCl, va C u Q , . Kh6'i
Thir t u dkn difin cua m6t s6' k i m loai: A g > Cu > A u > A l - > Fe > ... luong chat ran .sau khi cac phan limg xay ra hoan toan nho hon kh6'i luong b6t
=> Phat biû C sai. Zn ban dû la 0,5 gam. C6 can phlii dung dich sau phan ihig thu duoc 13,6
Dap an diing la C. gam mu6'i khan. T6ng kh6'i luong cac mu6'i trong X la
A. 13,1 gam. B. I 7 , 0 g a m . C. 19,5 gam. D. 14,1 gam.
Thi du 10: Hoa tan hoan toan 2,81 gam h6n hop g6m FcjO,, M g O , ZnO trong
500 ml axit H,S04 0,1M (vira du). Sau phan ihig, h6n hop mu6'i sunfat khan (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B)
thu duoc khi c6 can dung dich c6 khd'i lirong la Hu&ng ddn gidi ... {V .
A . 3,81 gam. B. 5,81 gam. C. 4,81 gam. D . 6,81 gam. j4p dung dinh luat bao toan khoi luong, ta c6: »;« t ,
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoJA)
l"hh(FeCl2.CuCl2) " " Z " ~ ""znClj "IhWFe.Cu) V , ,.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
=>nihh(FcCi2.CuCi2) + "^zn = 13,6 +(mz„-0,5) '
? Kh6'i luong mu6'i thu duoc:
' m^„,; = 2,81 + 0,05.98 - 0,05.18 = 6,81 gam => m hh(Feci2.cuci2) = ^3,6 - 0,5 = 13,1 (gam)
' Dap an diing la D . vay t6ng kh6'i luomg cac mu6'i trong X bang 13,1 gam. $:
Thi du 11: De thu la'y A g tinh khife't tir h6n hop X (g6m a mol A I . O 3 , b mol CuO^ Dap an dung la A .
c mol A g i O ) , nguofi ta hoa tan X bcri dung djch chiia (6a + 2b + 2c) mol
Thidu 13: Cho m gam h6n hop bot Zn va Fe vao luong d u dung dich CUSO4. Sau
HNO3 duoc dung dich Y, sau do them (gia thie't hieu suS't cac phan ufng ddu la
khi ke't thuc cac phan ihig, loc bo ph^n dung djch thu duoc m gam b6t ran.
100%) Thanh pMn pMn tram theo khd'i luong cua Zn trong h6n hop ban dSu la'
A . 2c mol b6t Cu vao Y. B. c mol b6t Cu vao Y. A. 12,67%. B. 85,30%. C. 90,27%. D. 82,20%.
C. 2c mol b6t A l vao Y. D . c mol b6t A l vao Y. . , (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B)
^f^' Hu&ng ddn gidi
Hu&ng ddn gidi Goi X, y Idn luot la so mol Zn va Fe c6 trong h6n hop ban diu.
" Cac PTPLT xay ra: Theo bai ra, ta c6: 65x + 56y = m (1)
A K O j + 6HNO3 > 2A1(N03),, + 3H2O PTPIT: Z n +CUSO4 > ZnS04 + C u i
a 6a (mol) X X (mol)
CuO + 2HNO3 — ^ Cu(NO,)3 +H3O Fe +CUSO4 > FeS04 + Cu>l
b 2b (mol) y y (mol)
Ag,0 + 2HNOi > 2AgN03 + H , 0 Theo bai ra, ta c6: 64x + 64y = m (2)
c 2c (mol) 2c Tir ( 1 , 2) ta c6: 65x + 56y = 64x '+ 64y => x = 8y
=> HNO3 duoc la'y vira dij (6a + 2b + 2c) mol. ^fty, % m z n trong h6n hop ban ddu:
;^ Di thu duoc A g tinh khid't, cdn cho b6t Cu vao dung dich Y: 65.x.l00% 65.x.l00% 65.8y.l00% ^^^^^
Cu + 2AgN03 > 2 A g i + Cu(N03)2 m 65x + 56y 65.8y + 56y

-.âp an dung la C.
c< 2c (mol)
du 14: Hoa tan hd't m gam ZnS04 vao nu6c duoc dung dich X. Cho 110 m l
Vay them c mol b6t Cu vao Y . ,^
dung djch K O H 2 M vao X, thu duoc a gam ke't tiia. Mat khac, neu cho 140 m l
Dap an diing la B . dung djch K O H 2 M vao X thi cung thu duoc a gam ke't tua.
' Chu v: Di thu duoc A g tinh khia't thi kh6ng the' cho b6t A l \ho v i Gia tri ciia m la
Al +3AgN03 )-3Ag4 +A1(N03)3 A. 20,125. B. 12,375. C. 22,540. D. 17,710.
2A1 + 3Cu(N03), > 3 C u i + 2A1(N03), (T^'r-h thi tuxp'n sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi ^ Huong ddn gidi
VI 6 2 thi nghiem diu thu diroc a gam kfi't tua nfen a TNI lircmg ZnS04 c6n du i ThiJ tir trong cac day didn hoa:
TN2 lucmg ZnS04 he't va Zn(OH)2 sinh ra da bj hoa tan m6t pMn. '^ Zn 2+ Cu^* Ag*
Theo bai ra: nKOHdio)
= 0,11.2 = 0,22 (mol). Mg Zn Cu Ag
n K O H ( i 4 o , =0,14. 2 = 0,28 (mol). Dung djch thu duoc chvta 3 ion kim loai => 3 ion do phai la Mg^*, Zn^* va Cu^*
Khi cho 110 ml dung djch KOH vao X thi KOH thifiu: ^^^^ ; .1 ,
ZnS04 + 2KOH > Zn(OH)2i + K2SO4 Vi Cu^* con du ^ Mg va Zn phan ihig he't.
0,22 > 0,11 (mol) Cac qua trinh phan ling xay ra:
Suy ra: a = 0,11. 99 = 10,89 (gam)
Mg 2e Mg^*
Khi cho 140 ml dung djch KOH vao X thi ZnS04 hd't, K O H du da hoa tan m^t
phSnZn(OH)2: 1,2 2,4 (mol)
ZnS04 + 2KOH ^ Zn(OH)2 4 + K 2 S O 4 Zn 2e Zn^

X 2x 8 X x 2x (mol)
Zn(OH), + 2KOH — > K2[Zn(OH)4] Ag* le ]

Agi
y 2y 1 1 (mol)
(•2x + 2y = 0,28 j x =0,125 Cu-*
Ta 2e - Cui
9 9 . ( x - y ) = 10,89 y = 0,015
2 -> 4 (mol)
Vay mz„so4 = l ^ l x = 161. 0,125 = 20,125 (gam)
VI CU-* con du ndn: 2,4 + 2x < 1 + 4 x < 1,3.
Dap an dung la A. Trong cac gia trj da cho thi x = 1,2 < 1,3 thoa man yeu clu bai toan
Thi du 15: Cho h6n hop g6m Fe va Zn vao dung dich AgNOj d^'n khi cac phan Dap an dung la D.
ung xay ra hoan loan, thu duoc dung djch X g6m hai mud'i va chat ran Y g6m Thidu 17: Nung n6ng m gam PbS ngoai kh6ng khi sau m6t then gian, thu duoc
hai kim loai. Hai mu6'i trong X la h6n hop ran (c6 chiia m6t oxit) nSng 0,95m gam. Phdn tram kh6'i luong PbS
A. Fe(N03)2 va AgNO,. B. AgNOj va Zn(N03)2. da bj d6't chay la
C. Zn(N03)2 va Fe(N03)2. D. Fe(N03)3 va Zn(N03)2. A. 74,69%. B. 95,00%. C. 25,31%. D. 64,68%.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoijl (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
Hai kim loai do phai la Ag (sinh ra) va Fe (du) => Zn phan ihig hd't nen trong Khi nung PbS trong khdng khi xay ra phan ihig:
dung djch c6 mu6'i Zn(N03)2; AgNO, phan umg he't (vi Fe con du). Co 2 mu^ 3^
PbS -> P b O , „ + S02t
ndn mu6'i con lai phai la Fe(N03)2.
vay 2 mud'i trong dung dich la Zn(N03)2 va Fe(N03)2. Khi
' 1 mol PbS (239 gam) phan ihig he't thi khd'i luong giam 239 - 223 = 16gam.
Dap an diing la C . •y a (gam) PbS phan
phan ung,
I'rne. kh6i hrrma giam
khA'i luong oiim m
r» - n Q<: = 0,05m
_ 0,95m r» /
(gam) PbS (gam)
v
Thi du 16: Cho h6n hop g6m 1,2 mol Mg va x mol Zn vao dung djch chiia 2 1 0,05.m.239 „ ^
Cu-* va 1 mol Ag* den khi cac phan ihig xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc m6t d^""? I P 16 = 0,7469m (gam)
djch chiia ba ion kim loai. Trong cac gia trj sau day, gia trj nao ciia x t^"*
man trucmg hop trSn? | % 1 kh6'i luong PbS da chay la: % = Q>7469m.l00% ^ ^^^^^^^
A. 1,5. B. 1,8. C. 2,0. D. 1,2. m
'Pan diing la A.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc kho}J>
Thi du 18- K h i hoa tan hoan toan 0,02 mol A u bang mdc ciromg toan thi s6 ^ Q ,
Chu v: Cr + 2HC1 > CrCX^ + H 2
H C l phan irng va s6' mol N O (san ph^m khu duy nha't) tao thanh lan luot la
A 0,06 va 0,01. B. 0,03 va 0,01. C. 0,06 va 0,02. D . 0,03 va 0,02.
4Cr + 3 0 2 — ^ 2 C r 2 0 3
t
" (Trich De thi tuyen sink Dai hoc khoj^
Hu&ng ddn gidi Sn + 2 H C l — ^ S n C l 2 + H2 , J ' • ' ' '
Nirdc cucmg toan la h6n hop axit H C l va H N O , , c6 kha nang hoa tan vang:
Au + 3HC1 + HNO3 > AICI3 + NOt + 2H,0
Sn + O2 > SnOj '
0,02 > 0,06 (mol) 0,02 (mol)
C a u 2: Cac chat vifa tac dung duoc vori dung djch H C l vCra tac dung duoc vdi dung
Vay nHci = 0,06 (mol); nNo = 0,02 (mol). *
dich A g N O j la
Dap an dung la C . A. Z n , Cu, Fe B. M g O , Na, Ba C. CuO, A l , M g D . Z n , N i , Sn
3 . C a c b a i t a p tir l u y e n : 1^ (Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
C a u 1 : Cho m gam h6n hop b6t X g6m ba kirn loai Z n , Cr, Sn c6 s6' mol bang nhau H Hu&ng ddn gidi
P
tac dung het vdfi luong dir dung dich HCl loang, nong thu diroc dung djch Y Bp Cac chat do la: Z n , N i va Sn ( V I chiing dung tru6c H * va A g * trong day diSn hoa):
khi H i . Co can dung dich Y thu duoc 8,98 gam muoi khan. N6'u cho m gam h6n M ( Z n , N i , Sn) + 2HC1 ^ MCU + H . t
hop X tac dung hoan toan v6i O , (du) de tao h6n hop 3 oxit thi thd' tich khi Q, M + 2AgN03 2 A g + M(NO.,)2
(dktc) phan ung la Dap an diing la D .
A . 1,008 lit B. 2,016 lit C. 0,672 lit D . 1,344 lit C a u 3 : Nung nong tung cap chat sau trong binh k i n : (1) Fe + S(r), (2) FeÔj + CO
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hgckhdi \) (k), (3) A u + O2 (k), (4) Cu + Cu(N0.,)2(r), (5) Cu + KN03(r), (6) A l + NaCl (r).
Hu&ng ddn gidi Cac trucfng hop xay ra phan ung oxi hoa k i m loai la
Goi X la s6' mol m6i k i m loai. A.(l),(3),(6) B.(l),(4),(6) C(2),(5),(6) D . (2), (3), (4)
PTPl/: Zn + 2HC1 -> ZnCK + H, (Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hpckhoi A)
X -> X Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cr + 2HC1 ^ CrCU + H, Cac PTPU:
X - > X 'J
,0
(1) Fe + S >FeS (oxi hoa kim loai)
Sn + 2HC1 -> SnQ. + Hj i
(2) Fe203 + 3 C O — ! — > 2 F e + 3C02 (khir ion k i m loai)
X ^ X ^ ,0
Ta c6: x. (136 + 123 + 190) = 8,98 => x = 0,02., (3) A u + O2 > khdng xay ra
PTPLT: 2Zn ++ O2,

O -— 2 Z n 0 (4) Cu + C u ( N O , ) 2 — ^ 2 C u O + 2 N O 2 (oxi hoa k i m loai)
0,02 -> 0,01
(5) Cu + K N O , ——>CuO + K N O 2 (oxi hoa k i m loai)
4Cr + 30, -» 2Cr203
0,02 > 0,015 = > ( ! ) . (4), (5) xay ra phan ung oxi hoa k i m loai. .
Dap an dung la B.
Sn + O2 - -> SnO,!
Cû 4: Cho 19,3 gam h6n hop b6t g6m Zn va Cu c6 ti Id mol tuong ung la 1 : 2 vao
0,02 -> 0,02
dung dich chira 0,2 mol Fe2(S04)3. Sau khi cac phan ling xay ra hoan toan, thu
=> = 0,01 + 0,015 + 0,02 = 0,045(mol) .
duoc m gam k i m loai. Gia trj cua m la
^Vo2 - 0 , 0 4 5 . 2 2 , 4 = 1,008 (lit). ^ A . 12,80 B. 12,00 C.6,40 D . 16.53
H (Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
Dap an diing la A .
495
Tru&ng hap 2: x > 0,11
Hu&ng dan gidi Turc la lirong ZnS04 phan I'mg chua he't vdi 0,22 mol KOH.
Dat = X => = 2x(mol) . FTPU: ZnS04 + 2 K O H >.Zn ( O H ) ^ + K2SO4
Ta c6: 65x+ 6 4 . 2 X = 19,3=> 193x = 19,3 => X =0,1
^ 0,22 ^ 0,11
PTPir (theo thur tu):
ZnS04 + 2 K 0 H >Zn(OH)2 + K 2 S O 4
Zn + Fe2 (SO4 )3 > ZnS04 + 2FeS04
X —• 2x X
0,1 ->.0,1
Zn(OH)2 + 2KOH > K 2 [Zn (OH)^ ]
•' " Cu + Fe2(504)3 >-CuS04+2FeS04
(0,14-x)-(-(0,28-2x) O t H ,. mÂX-^nb,
0,1 <- ( 0 , 2 - 0 , 1 ) •
0,11 0,11
ncu,d„,= 2 x - 0 , l = 2 . 0 . 1 - 0 , l =0,l(mol) Ta c6: = - = > 0,22 = 6 x - 0 , 4 2
x-(0,14-x) 2 2x-0,14 2
=> m ^ i T i c u ,d«) = 0,1.64 = 6,40 (gam). 1,0« .
0 64
Dap an dung la C.
>6x = 0,64=>x = ^ < 0 , l l
Cû 5: Hoa tan hoan toan m gam ZnS04 vao nudc duoc dung djch X . Nfi'u cho 110
ml dung dich KOH 2M vao X thi thu duoc 3a gam kfi^t tiia. Mat khac, nfi'u cho => Loai tnrcmg hcKp nay.
140 ml dung djch KOH 2M vao X thi thu diroc 2a gam kd't tua. Gia tri cua m la Cû 6: Nung 2,23 gam h6n hop X gdm cac kim loai Fe, A l , Zn, Mg trong oxi, sau
A. 16,10 B. 32,20 C. 17,71 D. 24,15 m6t thoi gian thu diroc 2,71 gam h6n hop Y. Hoa tan hoan toan Y vô dung dich
(Trich de thi tuyen sink Dai hoc kho'i A) HNO3 (du), thu diTOc 0,672 lit khf N O (san ph^m khijr duy nhaft, or dktc). S6' mol
Hu&ng dan gidi HNO3 da phan ting la
Day hi hai titcfng dd'i kho ve tinh hfortg tinh cua Zn(0H)2, can chia tri/dng hap A. 0,12 B.0,14 C.0,16 D.0,18
dedan gidn hod hai toan. Jjk (Trich de thi tuyin sinh Dai hoc khSi B)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Theobai ra: n^Qj^^,^ = 0 , 2 2 ( m o l ) ; nj,Qj^^2)-0'28(mol)
^ B h e o b a i r a : nô =0.03(mol)
Goi x la s6' mol ZnS04 ban dSu. Sod6: X + O2 > Y
* rrir(^^/iop7: x < ^ = 0,ll(mol) 2,23g 2,7 Kg)
Turc la luong Z n S 0 4 phan umg h6't vori 0 , 2 2 mol KOH. =>m 102 =2,71-2,23 = 0,48(g) =:>no = ^ = 0,03(mol)
1
PTPlT: ZnS04 + 2 K 0 H >Zn(OH)2 + K 2 S O 4
0 -2
x 2x -> X *
O + 2e - » O
+5 +2
Sod6: N + 3e N
''' ' Zn (OH)2 + 2KOH > K 2 [Zn (OH)^" 0,03 -> 0,06(mol) 0,03 <- 0,09 <- 0,03
(0,ll-x)*-(0,22-2x)
Zn(OH)2 + 2KOH >K2[Zn(0H)/
(0,14-x)<-(0,28-2x)
Taco: -.I^hAA ^ 2 i Z » i ! i = 2=,4x-0,22 = 6x-0.42

x-(0,14-x) 2 2x-0,14 2
=>2x = 0,2=>x = 0,l (thoa man diû kidn).
Vay m = 161x = 161.0,1 = 16,10 (gam). => 5]n^ (KLcho)= 0,06 + 0,09 = 0,15(mol)
Dap an dung la A . 497
/in/; f: 'a1yelectron
Iâp an
t6ng
"H NOdiing v^laion
3 s6'(bikhi)
mol D. NNOO
=HnN mang
cin difinUtich
O3J=0'03(mol)
dung: H N O Jbang nhau
= 0.03 nfin = 0,18(mol).
+ 0,15 •:
Cku 7: H6n hop X g6m Cu, Z n . D6't chdy hoan toam m gam X trong oxi (dir), tin, Trong m 6 i trucmg k i ^ m , mu6'i Cr(III) c6 tinh k h i vJk bj cdc chUt oxi h6a manl
chuya'n thanh mu6'i C r ( V I ) .
duoc 40,3 gam h6n hofp g6m CuO va ZnO. Mat khac, nd'u cho 0,25 mol X ph^,,
). A g kh6ng phan irng v<3ri dung djch H 2 S O 4 loang nhutig phan ihig vdi dung dich
ling v6\t luong dtr dung djch K O H loang nong, thi thu duoc 3,36 lit ]^^.
H : S 0 4 dac nong.
HjCdktc). Ph^n trSm khS'i luong cua Cu trong X la
A . 29,72% B. 39,63% C. 59,44% D . 19,81% (Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khd'i B)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
J, (Trich de thituyen sink Dai hoc khoiB)
Hu&ng ddn gidi • Tuy Pb (chi) dung trudc hidro trong day dien hod nfin dang nhS ra Pb tac dung
' vdi dung djch H C l dd dang, nhung do sinh ra Idrp PbClj it tan n6n ngan can phan
Theobai ra: n^^ = 0 , 1 5 ( m o l ) .
ling. Do do , Pb kh6ng tan trong dung dich H C l .
PTHH: Zn + 2KOH + 2H20 >K{Ln{OY\)^ + }\2 I Phat bid'u kh6ng diing la A .

Dap an diing la A . •
i •J^.'^j M' ' ' 0,15 < 0,15 mol ^ f t u 10: Luong d u d u n g dich nao sau day:
=>nz„ = 0 , 1 5 ( m o l ) ; n^^ = 0 , 2 5 - 0 , 1 5 = 0 , l ( m o l ) . (1) N a O H ; (2) H Q , (3) A g N O j ; (4) Fe(NO,), lam sach duoc A g c6 iSn A l , Zn?
A. (1) hoac (2) hoac (3) hoac (4) B. Chi (3)
Vay ph^n tram kh6'i luong cua Cu trong X 1^:
C. C h i ( l ) D . C h i (2)
0,1.64.100%
%Cu = — • 39,63% Hu&ng ddn gidi
0,1.64 + 0,15.65 So 66 phan ling xay ra:
Dap an dung la B.
A g , A l , Z n + NaOH + H 2 O ) A g + Na2Zn(OH)4 + NaAl(0H)3
C a u 8: Cho cac cap chat vdi t i le so mol tuong ihig nhu sau:
a) Fe304 va Cu ( 1 : 1); b) Sn va Zn (2: 1); Ag, Al,Zn + H Q — A g + AlCl, + ZnClj
c)Zn vaCu(l:l); d) Fe,(S04)3 va Cu ( 1 : 1)
Ag,Al,Zn + A g N 0 3 - > A g + Al(N03),+Zn(N03)2
e) F e d , vh Cu (2: 1); g) F e Q , va Cu ( 1 : 1).
S6' cap chat tan hoan toan trong m6t lirong du dung dich H C l loang nong la Ag, A!,Zn + Fe{NO3), Ag + Al(NO3 + Zn ( N O 3 ) ^ + F e ( N O 3 ) ^
A. 3 B. 2 C.5 D.4
Ca 4 dung djch deu lam sach duoc A g .
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh Dai hockhoi B)
Dap an dung la A .
Hu&ng ddn gidi
c a u 11: Phat bieu nao sau day k h o n g dung? '* •
Cac cap chat tan hoan toan trong dung dich H Q nong la:
A. Chi CO tac dung ha'p thu tia gamma (y), ntn dung di ngan can tia phong xa
a) Fe304 + 8HC1 > 2FeCl3 + FeCl ^ + 4 H 2 O B. Trong gang chiia ham luong C nhiû hon trong thep.
C. Co thi diing nuoc voi trong de phan bitt hai khi CO, va SOj.
Cu + 2FeCl3 >2FeCl2 + C U C I 2
D. D6ng thau la hop k i m ciia Cu - Z n dung d^ chd' tao cac thifi't bj trong c6ng
b) Sn + 2HC1 >SnCl2+H2 nghidp dong tau bi^n.
Zn + 2HC1 >ZnCl2 + H2 Hu&ng ddn gidi

Khong the phan h'ltt C O . va SO, bang nu6c voi trong:
d) Fe2 ( S O 4 )3 + Cu >CuS04 + 2FeS04
C O 2 + Ca ( O H ) ^ - > CaC03 i + H 2 O
Co 3 cap chat thoa man .
trang •
Dap an diing la A .
SO2 + C a ( 0 H ) 2 - > CaS03 i + H 2 O
C S u 9: Phat bie'u nao sau day k h o n g dung?
A . Do Pb-VPb dumg trudc 2W/H2 trong day didn hoa ntn Pb dt dang phan ling '"^ trang •
dung djch H C l loang ngu6i, giai phong k h i H j . =i> Phat bieu C khdr^ diing
^ p a p an diing la C .
•I '
B. CuO nung nong k h i tac dung vori NH3 hoac CO, dû thu duoc Cu.
499
49«
CSkU 1 2 : Chia 31,2 gam h6n horp X gSm Cr, Z n \i A i l i i a n l . ' M I p l i i n hang nhau. Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vi$t
Hoa tan he't phSn 1 trong liromg d u dung dich HCl loang, nong thu duoc 7,28 Ift
H j (dktc). Cho phSn 2 tac dung v6i khi Clj (du) d6't nong, thu duoc 42,225 gam • n e ( 0 2 n h , n ) = 0,2375.4 = 0,95 (mol)
mu6'i clorua. PhSn tram khd'i luong cua crom trong h6n hop X Ik
A . 26,04% B.66,6% C. 39,07% D . 33,33 % S6' mol electron do H * nhan: n, = 0,4. 2 = 0,8 (mol)
(H"^ nhanj
Hu&ngddngidi
Nhdn xet: K h i phan ihig vdd axit HCl va khi phan ling vdfi O2, chi c6 k i m loai Fe
T h e o b a i r a : nn^ = 0 . 3 2 5 ( m o l )
thay doi s6'oxi hoa:
Trong cac k i m loai (Cr, Z n , N i , A l ) khi tdc dung v6i dung dich H C l va khi C^t" 0 +2 +8/3
thi chi CO crom tao ra hai loai mu6'i clorua khac nhau. Fe-2e- ->Fe Fe e- -•Fe
3
Cr + 2HC1 ->ClCl2+H2 8x
2x
8x ''''' 2x ''
f Suyra: — - 2 x = 0 , 9 5 - 0 , 8 => — = 0 , 1 5 ^ 2 x = 0 . 4 5 =>x =0,225(mol)
2Cr + 3Cl2 - ->2CrCl3
X l,5x f^,^ ^ 0,225.56.100%
I Vay %mp^/x = rrrz = 81,03%
15,55
Tac6:m,|,i„|<î, + mQ^ =m(n,u«i clorua) '
Dap an diing la D
=>mc,2 = 4 2 , 2 2 5 - ^ = 26,625(g) ^ n c , ^ =0,375(mol) Cku 14: Cho 25,77 gam hop k i m Sn - Pb trong dung dich H N O 3 loang, dir thu diroc
0,1 mol N O (san ph^m khir duy nha't). N€u hoa tan he't 2,577 gam hop k i m trdn
Talaico: l,5x - x = 0,5x = n ^ ^ - n H 2 trong dung dich K O H dac, nong d u tha'y thoat ra V m l H2 (dktc). Phdn tram kh6'i
luong ciia Sn trong hop k i m va gia trj ciia V lin luot la
=> 0,5x = 0,375 - 0,325 - 0,05 =>x = 0,1
A . 8,26 va 296 B. 27,7 va 296 C. 8,26 va 336 D . 27,7 v l 336
Hudng dan gidi
Goi X , y iSn luot la s6' mol Sn, Pb trong 25,77 gam hop k i m
Dap an diing la D . Taco: 119x + 207y = 25,77 (1)
CM v: PTPir: N i + 2HC1 > mC\-^+ H2 PTPU": 3Sn + 8 H N 0 3 ( l ) >3Sn(N03) +2NOt+4H20
Ni + C l 2 — ^ N i C l 2 2x/3
C i u 13: Hoa tan he't 15,55 gam h6n hop X g6m Fe, M g , A l va Z n vao dung dich 3Pb + 8HN03(l) >3Pb(N03)2+2NOt+4H20
HCl du, sau phan umg thu duoc 0,4 mol H , . Mat khac, ne'u oxi hod hoan loan
y 2y/3
h6n hop X trfen trong vCra d i i , thu duoc 23,15 gam chait rSn Y (g6m 4 oxit).
Phdn tram kh6i luong cua Fe trong X la
Taco: y +^ = 0 , l = > 2 x + 2y = 0,3 ^ x + y = 0,15 (2)
A . 64,82 B. 36,01 C. 54,02 D . 81,03
Hu&ng dan gidi T i r ( l ) , ( 2 = ^ x = 0,06; y = 0,09
Suy ra trong 2,577 gam hop k i m (1/10 so vdi luong tren) c6 0,(X)6 mol Sn;
PTPU*: Fe + 2HC1 >FeCl2+H2
0,009molPb.
3Fe + 2O2 — -^Fe304 PTPU": Sn + 2 K 0 H + 2 H 2 0 - S n ( O H )'4 J H, t
S6' mol khi O i phan umg voi k i m loai:
0,006 0,006
23,15-15,55
no2=- = 0,2375(mol)
32 Pb + 2 K 0 H + 2H20 >-K2rPb(OH)^] +H2 t
500
K» thu^t m6i gidi nhanh BT Hod hgc, tap 2-Cu Thanh Toan
=0,006+ 0,009 = 0,015(mol) Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH > Na2Zn02 + 2H2O
=>V^^^ = 0,015.22400 = 336(nil) Dap dn diing m o .

u 19: Hoa tan 100 gam hop kim cua Zn va Cu trong dung djch H Q du. Khi sinh
119x.l00% 119.0,06.100% ra trong phan urng da khir hoan to^n m6t luong FejO, (lam giam la 9,6 gam so
•7 %nisn = = 27,7%
25,77 25,77 vdfi ban diu). Xac dinh thanh phSn phin trSm ciia hop kim.
Vay = 27,7% va V = 336 ml Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dap an dung la D. Cac phan ung xay ra: • ' '
Chu \: - Sn, Pb tan dt dang trong HNO3 loang: Zn + 2HC1 > ZnQ, + H ,
3M(Sn,Pb) + SHNOjCD )-3M(N03)2 + 2NO + 4H2O FejOj + 3H2 -).2Fe+ 3H2O

Sn, Pb tan d l dang trong dung dich kiem dac (nhu kem): X 3x 2x
M + 2KOH + 2H2O M(OH)^ Sau phan ling lam giam 9,6 g so vdi ban ddu
=> 160x - 112x = 9,6 x = 0,2 (mol)
Cau 15: Day nao sau day sSp x6'p cac kim loai dung theo thii tu tinh khir tang dan?
nH2 = 0,6 (mol) = => = 0,6 . 65 = 39 (g)
A. Pb, Ni, Sn, Zn B. Pb, Sn, Ni, Zn
C. Ni, Sn, Zn, Pb D. Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn 39.100%
%Zn = = 39%; %Cu = 100% - 39% = 61%
Hu&ng ddn gidi 100
Tinh khij tang din cia cac kim loai: Pb < Sn < Ni, Zn 20: Ngam m6t ban kem vao 0,2 lit dung djch AgNOj. Sau khi phan lirng k6't
Dap an diing la B. thiic la'y ban kem ra, sa'y kh6, tha'y kh6'i luong ban kem tSng 15,1 gam. N6ng d6
Cau 16: Sit tay la sat diroc phii len b^ mat bofi kim loai nao sau day? mol cua dung djch AgNOj la
A.Zn B.Ni C. Sn D. Cr A.0,5M B. 1,0M C.0,75M D. 1,5M
Hu&ng ddn gidi Hu&ng ddn gidi "'^
Sat diroc ma thid'c (Sn) goi la sit tay (lam v6 d6 h6p dung thuc phdm,...)
Zn + 2AgN03 > Zn(N03)2 + 2Ag
Dap an diing la C.
Cu: 65 g Zn phan ting thi tao ra 2.108 = 216 (g) Ag
CSu 17: Hgfp chat nao sau day khong c6 tinh luong tinh?
=> khd'i luong thanh Zn tang 216 - 65 = 151 (g).
A. ZnO B. Zn(OH), C. ZnS04 D. Zn(HC03)2
Hu&ng ddn gidi Cii 2 mol AgNOj phan urng thi khd'i luong thanh kem tang 151 g
0,2 < 15,1 g
H 2 O + ZuOJ- < ZnO - i ^ Z n ^ * +H2O
N6ng do dung djch AgNOj la: CM = — = 1 (M)
2 H 2 O + ZnO^" < Zn(OH) i^^Zn^^ + 2H2O 0,2
Dap an diing I I B.
+20H"
2H20 + CO^"+ZnC03< -Zn(HC03)2 iî^Zn2*+2C02+2H20 u 21: Cho 20,4 g h6n hop Mg, Zn, Ag vio c6'c dung 600 ml dung djch HCl I M
=> ZnS04 kh6ng c6 tinh luSng tinh. (vifa du). Sau khi phan ung ket thiic, them din NaOH vao de' dat duoc ket tiia t6'i
Dap an diing la C . da. Loc ket tiia va nung nong a nhiet d6 cao de'n khd'i luong khdng d6i duoc a
C&u 18: Cho dung dich NaOH vao dung dich mu6'i sunfat ciia m6t kim loai c6 hoa gam chat r i n . Gia tri ciia a la
tn I I tha'y sinh ra ket tua tan trong dung djch NaOH du. Mu6'i sunfat do la muo' A. 23,2 B.25,2. C. 27,4 D.28,1.
nô sau day? Hu&ng ddn gidi
A. MgS04 B.CaS04 C. MnS04 D. ZnSOj Goi c6ng thiic chung ciia Mg va Zn la M , ta c6: * #^ •'
Hu&ng ddn gidi ->MC1, H, t
M + 2HC1
ZnS04 + 2NaOH > Zn(OH)2 i + Na2S04 0,3 <- 0,6 0,3
MCl2 + 2NaOH >M(OH)2 I + 2NaCl HNO3 + AgNOj: Kh6ng xay ra
Dap an diing la D.
0,3 (mol) > 0,3 (mol) ' '
yfti MO + H 2 O
(c) Cho Si vao dung dich NaOH dac. ^ ,j
0,3 > 0,3 (mol) sv.:;: (d) Cho dung dich AgNOj vao dung djch NaF. , «•
Khefi luong oxi trong MO 1^: mo = 0,3.16 = 4,8 (g) ji, (e) Cho Si vao binh chiia khi F,. ' "''^' * '
Khd'i lucwig chaft ran thu duoc la: a = 20,4 + 4,8 = 25,2 (g). (0 Sue khi SO, vao dung djch H2S. " '
Cau 22: Di \h.m sach m6t loai thuy ngan c6 ISn tap chSit \h Zn, Sn va Pb cdn khua'y Trong cac thi nghidm trdn, s6' thi nghiem c6 xay ra phan iJng la
loai thiiy ngan nky trong A. 5 B. 3 C. 6 D.4
A. dung djch Zn(N03)2 B. dung dich SnCNOj)! (Trick dethi tuyen sink DH khdi A ndm 2013)
* •
C. dung dich PMNOj)^.
Hudng ddn gidi
D. dung djch Hg(N03)2
I Cac PTHH xay ra (nd'u c6):
Hudng ddn gidi
CAn khuSty vko dung dich Hg(N03)2, vi cdc tap cha't trtn hi hba tan vko dung (a) 12HC1 + 9Fe(N03)2 -> 4FeCl3 + 5Fe(N03)3 + 3NO + 6H2O
dich, ta thu diroc Hg tinh khie't:
(3Fe-* + NO3 + 4H* -> 3Fe'" + NO + 2H2O)
Zn + Hg(N03)2 > Zn(N03)2 + Hg
(b) FeS + 2HC1 ^ FeCK + HjSt
Sn + Hg(N03)2 > Sn(N03)2 + Hg (c) Si + 2NaOH + H2O ^ Na2Si03 + 2H2
Pb+Hg(N03)2 ). Pb(N03)2 + Hg (d) AgN03 + NaF: Kh6ng xay ra (VI AgF la mu6'i tan). -.(jj
Dap an dung la D. (e) Si + 2F2^SiF4
(f) SO2 + 2H2S-> 3S + 2H2O
Dang 6: Bdi tap ve phucmg trinh hod hoc (chuoiphdn itng, thi nghiem Co 5 thi nghidm xay ra phan ihig.
hod hoc, tdch chat,phan Met,...) Dap an diing la A.
1. Lf thuyet v&n dung va phuang phap giai: Thi du 3: Thuc hien cac thi nghiem sau ( 0 dilu kien thucmg):
- Ndm ro tinh cha't hoa hoc \6 cac kim loai chuyfin ti^p cac hop chSft quan I (a) Cho d6ng kim loai vao dung djch sat(III) clorua.
trong da hoc cua chiing. (b) Sue khi hidro sunfua vao dung djch d6ng(II) sunfat.
- Bie't phuorng phap san xuSft m6t s6' kim loai quan trong. i , (c) Cho dung dich bac nitrat vao dung dich sat(ni) clorua.
- van dung su khac nhau ciia cac cha't d^ phan bi6t chung. I (d) Cho b6t luu huynh vô thiiy ngan.
2. Cac thi du minh hoa: I S6' thi nghiem xay ra phan ihig la
TMdu 1: Cha't nko sau day khong tao ke't tiia khi cho vô dung dich AgN03? A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
A. H Q B.K3PO4 CKBr D. HNO3 (Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khdi A)
(Trich dethi tuyen sink DH khdi A ndm 2013)_ Hu&ng ddn gidi
Hu&ng ddn gidi ic phan ling xay ra b diû kien t h u ^ g :
PTHH: HCl + AgNOj -> AgCli' + HNO3 Cu + 2FeCl3-> CuClj + 2FeCl2 ;
K3PO4 + 3AgN03 Ag3P04i + 3 K N O 3 I) H2S + CUSO4 -)• CuS i +H2SO4 (Vi CuS kh6ng tan trong dung dich axit)
KBr + AgNOj ^ AgBrI + K N O 3 3) 3AgN03 + FeCl3->.3Agai+Fe(N03)3
Cty TNHH MTV DWH Khang Vift
4) S + H g ^ H g S Hudng ddn gidi

=:> Co 4 phan u-ng xay ra (didu kian thuomg).
Dap an dung la A. PTHH: 2Fe + 3C12 — ^ 2FeCl3
Chu y: M6t so phan ung dac bifit xay ra d diû kidn thucmg: 1) Fe + S — ^ F e S
Hg + S->HgS 3FeO + 10HNO3^3Fe(NO3)3+NO + 5H2O '
N2+6Li->2Li3N
2) Fe + Fe2(S04)3->3FeS04
2NO + O2 - > 2 N 0 2
3) Fe + H2S04(l)->FeS04 + H2
2NH3+3a2-^N2+6HCl
Dap an dung la C.
P 4 + 3 0 2 ->2P203
fhi du 6: Day g6m cac chat (hoac dung dich) dû phan ung duoc vdi dung dich
2A1 + 3CI2 -> 2AICI3 FeCl.la:
Cr03 + (S,P,C,NH3,C2H50H,...) ->... A. Khi CU, dung dich NaXO,, dung djch HCl.
Thi du 4: Hoa tan h6n hop g6ni: K.O, BaO, AKOj, Fe304 vao nude (dir) thu dugc B. B6t Mg, dung dich BaCl., dung dich HNO3. ;iia
dung djeh X va eha't rSn Y. Sue khi CO. de'n dir vao dung djeh X, sau khi cac C. Khi a., dung djch Na,S, dung djch HNO3.
phan ling xay ra hoan toan thu duoc ke't tiia la D. Bpt Mg, dung djch NaNOj, dung djch HCl. ' '
A.K.CO., B.Fe(OH),, C. AKOH), D. BaCO, r (Trich de tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B)
(Trich detuyen sink Cao dang khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Huong ddn gidi . Cae eha't phan iJng vori dung djch Fed.: '
PTHH: K20 + H 2 0 ^ 2 K O H CI2+2FeCl2-^2FeCl3
Na2S + FeCl2 FeS i +2NaCl
BaO + H 2 0 - > B a ( O H ) 2
4HNO3 + 3FeCl2 ->• 2FeCl3 + Fe(N03)3 + NO + 2H2O *i
2KOH + AI2O3 + 3 H 2 0 ^ 2 K [ A 1 ( O H )
Dap an diing la C.
Ba(OH)2 + AI2O3 +3H20-^.Ba[Al(OH)^j^
Chii v; Dung djeh Na.S phan iJng v6\. c6 the' sinh ra ea FeS va Fe(OH)2:
Al(OH)4 +CO2 -> A1(0H)3 4 + HCO3 Fe^^ + S^' - ) . FeS i

Vay ket tua thu duac la A1(0H)3. ||j S2~ + H 2 0 < = > H S ~ + 0 H "
Dap an diing la C.
I Fe2^+20H'-).Fe(OH)2i
Thi du 5: Thi/c hien cac thi nghidm sau:
(1) D6t day sat trong khi clo. ' |/»' du 7: Cho day cac chat sau: A l , NaHCOj, (NH4)2C03, NH4CI, A l A - Zn,
(2) D6't nong h6n hop bot Fe va S (trong diû kian kh6ng c6 oxi). K2CO3, K2SO4. Co bao nhieu chat trong day vira tac dung diroe vdi dung djch
HCl, vira tac dung duoc vdri dung djeh NaOH?
(3) Cho FeO vao dung djeh HNO3 (loang, du).
A. 3. B.5. C.4. D.2.
(4) Cho Fe vao dung dich Fe.(S04)3.
(Trich detuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B)
(5) Cho Fe vao dung dich H2SO4 (loang, dir). Hudng ddn gidi
Co bao nhieu thi nghiem tao ra mu6'i sat(II)? ac chat vira tac dung vdi dung djch HCl, vura tac dung vdfi dung dich NaOH:
A. 4. B.2. C.3. D. 1. 1) 2Al + 6HCi->2AlCl3+3H2
(Trich de tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoj^
2A1 + 2NaOH + 6H2O -> 2NaAl(OH)4 + 3H2
KT thuat tn&i gidi nhanh BT Hod hqc, tap 2-Cu Thanh Toan -Hal cTiarx, Y TSnucrt w
A. C u , 0 , C u O . B. Cu^S, C u , 0 . C. Cu,S, CuO. D. CuS, CuO.
2) N a H C 0 3 + H C l - > N a C l + C 0 2 + H 2 0
N a H C O j + N a O H -> N a 2 C 0 3 + H 2 O Hu&ng ddn gidi
3) (NH4)2C03+2HCI^2NH4CI + C02+H20 ' Cac P T H H xay ra trong s o d6:
4)
(NH4)2 CO3 + 2 N a O H -> 2NH3 + Na2C03 + 2 H 2 O
Al203+6HC1^2AlCl3+3H20 I
1; 2CuFeS2 + O, ^-^""^ ) Cu,S
(X)
+ 2 F e S + SO^
AI2O3 + 2 N a O H + 3 H 2 O -> 2 N a [ A l ( O H ) ^ ] I 2Cu,S + 3 0 , '^"""'^ > 2CU2O + 2SO:<2 O

H (X) (Y)
5 ) Z n + 2 H C 1 Z n C l 2 + H2
2CU2O + CujS '-^"^ ) 6 C u + SO2
Zn + 2 N a O H + 2H2O - ^ N a 2 Z n ( O H ) ^ + H j i r ^ i i l n S g Vfi<l
W (Y) (X)
D a p an diing la B. v a y X, Y Idn luot la CujS, CujO.
Thidu 8: Co 4 dung dich muoi rifing biet: CuCU, ZnCl,, FeClj, A l O j . Nd'u them Dap an diing la B.
dung djch K O H (du) r6i them tie'p dung djch N H j (du) vao 4 dung dich tren
Thidu 10: Cho cac phan ung:
thi s6' chat ke't tiia thu duoc la
A. 2. B.4. C. 1. D.3.
(1) CujS + Cu.O — ^ (2) Cu(N03)2 — ^
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH • CD khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi (3) CuO + CO — ^ (4) CuO + NH3 — 5 %
S6' phan irng tao ra k i m loai Cu la
Scf d6 cac phan ihig:
A. 3. B.2. C.l. D.4.
, CuCl, ^^^^ > Cu(OH)2 ^"'^ > [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 (dd)
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH • CD khoi B)
ZnQ, > K2[Zn(OH)4j (dd)
9 Hu&ng ddn gidi . !
FeCl, > Fe(OH)3i ' ^"-^ > Fe(OH)3 i . Hoan thanh cac phan ung c6 so d6 trfin:
A\a, ) K[A1(0H)4] (dd)
(1) Cu,S + 2CU3O 6Cu +S0,
Vay chi thu duoc 1 ke't tua ( F e ( 0 H ) 3 i ) .
Dap an dung la C. (2) 2Cu(NO)3 — ^ 2CuO + 4 N O 2 +0,
Chu v: Cac PTPlT xay ra trong so dd:
(3) CuO +CO — ^ Cu +CO2
CuCl. + 2 K O H > Cu(OH)2i + IKG
(4) 3CuO + 2NH3 — ^ 3Cu + N , + 3H2O
Cu(OH), + 4NH3 > [Cu(NH3)J(OH),
=> Co 3 phan ihig tao ra k i m loai Cu.
ZnCU + 2 K 0 H > Zn(OH),i + 2Ka E)ap an diing la A.
Zn(OH)2 + 2 K O H (du) > K3[Zn(OH)4]
^hidu 11: Trucfng hop nao sau day k h o n g xay ra phan ihig h6a hoc?
FeCl3 + 3 K O H > Fe(OH)3l + 3KC1 A. Cho Fe vao dung dich H2SO4 loang, ngu6i. . , ,
AICI3 + 3 K 0 H > A l ( O H ) 3 i + 3KC1 .„ l.,.,. J . . . . B. Sue khi CU vao dung djch FeCl,.
C.
C. Sue khi H,S vao dung djch CuCl,.
Al(OH)3 + K O H ( d u ) > K[A1(0H)4]
D. Sue khi H2S vao dung djch FeCU.
Thidu 9: Cho s o d 6 chuyen hoa quang d6ng thanh d6ng:
(Trich Dethi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi A)
I CuFeS. ) X ) Y Cu 509
Hu&ng dan gidi
14: C6 cac thi nghidm sau:
Vife't cac P T H H (ne'u c6):
(I) Nhiing thanh sSt vao dung dich H2SO4 loang, ngu6i.
Fe + H , S 0 4 (loang, ngu6i) > FeS04 + H , (II) Sue khi SO, vao nudrc brom. ' *
, C I , + 2FeCl2 > 2FeClj , ( I I I ) Sue khi CO, vao nir6c Gia - ven. '
( I V ) Nhiing la nhom vao dung djch H2SO4 dSc, ngu6i. -
HoS + CuCl, > CuS i + 2HC1
S6' thi nghiem xay ra phan img hoa hoc la ' •
HjS + FeCK > kh6ng xay ra (vi FeS tan duac trong H Q ) . A. 2. B. 3. C.4. D. 1. *
Dap an diing la D. (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B)
Thi du 12: Co nam dung dich dirng rieng biet trong nam 6'ng nghienv^ Hu&ng ddn gidi
(NH4),S04, FeCU, Cr(NO,)„ K^CO,, AKNOj)^. Cho dung djch Ba(OH), de„
Cac thi nghiem xay ra:
d u vao nam dung djch tr&n. Sau khi phan ung ke't thiic, s6' ong nghiem c6 ket ^
tua la (I) : Fe + H,S04 (1) -» FeS04 + H ,
A. 5. B. 2. C.4. D. 3.
(II) : SO, + Br, + 2 H , 0 > H,S04 + 2HBr
(Trich Delhi tuyen sink Dai hoc khdJA)
(III) : CO, + H , 0 + N a a O > HCIO + NaHCOj
Hudng ddn gidi
=> Co 3 phan ung hoa hoc xay ra.
Phan u-ng hoa hoc xay ra khi cho Ba(0H)2 tdfi du vao cac dung djch trSn:
Dap an diing la B.
BaCOH), + (NH4)2S04 ^ BaS04i + 2 N H 3 t + 2 H , 0
+ Thi du 15: Cho so 66 chuy^n hoa giua cac hop chat cua crom:
Ba(OH), + FeCU > F e ( O H ) , i + BaCK
+ Cr(OH)3
+KOH +(Cl2 + KOH)
3 B a ( 0 H ) . + 2Cr(NO,), > 2Cr(OH)3 + 3Ba(NO.,),

+ +H 2SO4 ^2. +(PeS04+H2S04)
2Cr(OH)., + Ba(OH), — -> Ba[Cr(OH)4]2 (tan) Cac chat X , Y, Z, T theo thiJ tir la:
+ Ba(OH), + K . C O j > BaCO,i + 2K9H A. KCrO,; K,Cr,07; K,Cr04; CrS04.
B. K,Cr04; KCrO,; K,Cr,07; Cr,(S04)3.
+ 3Ba(OH), + 2A1(N0.,)3 — ^ 2A1(0H).., + 3Ba(N03)3
C. KCrO,; K.CrÔ,; K,Cr04; Cr,(S04)3.
2Al(OH),, + Ba(OH)3 -> Ba[Al(OH)4J3 (tan)
D. KCrO,; K,Cr04; K,Cr,07; Cr,(S04)3.
Co 3 6'ng nghiem c6 kd't tiia.
(Trich Delhi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B)
Dap an dung la 1).
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Thi du 13: Trucnig hop xay ra phan ung la
ic phan ung xay ra trong so d6 tren:
A. Cu + Pb(N03), (loang) ^ B. Cu + HCl (loang) ^
C. Cu + HCl (loang) + O, D. Cu + H,S04 (loang) ^ Cr(0H)3 + K O H - -> K C r O , + 2 H , 0
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khqi^ (X)
Hu&ng ddn gidi 2 K C r O , + 3C1, + 8 K O H 2K,Cr04 + 6KC1 + 4 H , 0
Hoan thanh cac P T P U (nd'u c6): (Y)
Cu + Pb(N03), > khong xay ra 2K,Cr04 + H,S04 > K,Cr,07 + K2SO4 + H.O
Cu + HCl > khdng xay ra (Z)
2Cu + 4HC1 + > 2CuCl, + 2 H , 0 K,Cr,07 + 6FeS04 + 7H2SO4 - Cr,(S04)3 + 3Fe2(S04)3 + K,S04 +7H2O
V • b a p an diing la D.
Cu + H,S04 (1) -> khdng xay ra.
Dap an diing la C.
510
511
TM du 16: Cho sa d6 chuy^n hod (m6i mui tfen la ni6t phuong trinh phan utig)
+ ddX ^ Fe(OH)2 + ddY
Fe2(S04)3
••'-'•^
ddZ ^ BaSO.. 2NH3 + 2 A g F + H2O > Ag20 i +2NH4F
NaOH
Cac dung dich X , Y , Z iSn lirgt la: BaCl2 + H2SO4 >BaS04 i +2HCI
A . FeClj, H2SO4 (dac, nong), BaQ,.
B. FeClj H2SO4 (dac, nong), BaCU.. BaCl2 + 2 A g N 0 3 >2AgCl i +Ba(N03)2 *' ^' ^'''
C. FeClj H2SO4 (dac, nong), Ba(N03)2. BaCl2 + CUSO4 >BaS04 i +CUCI2 « * ,4 > '
D. FeCl,, H2SO4 loang, Ba(N03)2.
(Trich Delhi tuyen sink Cao dang khmA) BaCl2+2AgF >2AgCli+BaF2
Hu&ng ddn gidi K O H + H2SO4 )-KHS04+H20 <^ ^ '
Cac dung dich X, Y , Z iSn lirot la FeQ,, H2SO4 (dac, n6ng), BaC^:
2KOH + 2AgN03 > A g j O i +2KNO3 + H j O -
2NaOH + F e Q j > Fe(0H)2 i + 2 N a a
2 K O H + CUSO4 > Cu ( O H ) ^ i +K2SO4
2Fe(OH)2 + 4H2SO4 (dac) > Fe2(S04)3 + SO2 + 6H2O
2 K O H + 2AgF > A g j O 4- + 2 K F + H2O
Fe2(S04)3 + SBaQ, > 3BaSO^ i + 2Fea3
Dap an dung la A . 3. Cac bî tap tir luyen: •
Thi du 17: Cap chat khong xay ra phan ung hoa hoc la
CAu 1: Co 4 dung dich: H2SO4 loang, A g N O j , CUSO4, H Q . ChStt khong t^c dung
A . Cu + dung djch Fedy B. Fe + dung dich F e Q j .
vdi ca 4 dung djch trdn la
C. Cu + dung dich F c Q j - D . Fe + dung, dich H Q .
A. M n O , B. Fe C. NaN03 * D. NaF
(Trich De thi tuyen sirth Cao dang khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Hudmg ddn gidi
PTHH: Mn02 + 4HC1 - > MnCl2 + CI2 + 2H2O
Xet cac phirong an:
Fe + H 2 S 0 4 ( l ) - > F e S 0 4 + H 2 .
A . Cu + 2FeCl3 > CuCl, + 2 F e a 2
Fe + 2 A g N 0 3 Fe(N03) + 2Ag , J-
B. Fe + 2Fea3 > 3FeCl2
Fe + CUSO4 - > FeS04 + Cu
C. Cu + FeClj > Kh6ng xay ra
Fe + 2 H C l - > F e C l 2 + H 2 ^
D. Fe + 2HC1 > FeCl2 + H j
2NaF + H 2 S 0 4 ( l ) - > N a 2 S 0 4 + 2 H F ,
Dap an dung la C .
Thidu 18: Cho 4 dung djch: H2SO4 loang, AgN03, CUSO4, AgF. Chat khong tac NaF + H C l ^ N a C l + H F
dung duoc v6i ca 4 dung dich tren la Chat khdng tac dung la NaN03
A. NH3 B. NaNOj C. BaCh D. K O H Dap an diing la C.
(Trich dethi tuyen sink Dai hgckhd±Al
CAU 2: Cho cac cap dung djch sau day vko nhau:
Hu&ng ddn gidi (1) NaAlO. vao dung djch H C l du (2) CH3NH2 vao dd F e Q j
NaNOj kh6ng tac dung duoc vdi dung djch H2SO4 loang, A g N 0 3 , CUSO4, AgF. (3) AICI3 vao dung djch NH3 (4) N i Q , vô dd NH3 d u
Dap an diing la B . ri (5) CrCl3 vao dd N a O H dir (6) FeClj vao dd NajCOj
Chu v.- NH3 + H2SO4 ).NH4HS04 Nhirng cap dung djch phan dug vdi nhau cu6'i ciing tao ra kd't ttia hidroxit la
A. 2, 3, 4, 6. B. 2 , 3 , 6 . C. 1,3,6. D.2,3,4.
3NH3 + H2O + A g N O , >[Ag(NH3)2 J O H + NH4NO3
'i Hu&ng ddn gidi
I PTHH cac phan ung xay ra: ;
2NH3 + 2H2O + CUSO4 >Cu(OH)2 i +(NH4)2 SO4
NaA102 + 4WZ\> NaCl + AICI3 + 2H2O
512
513
(2) 3 C H 3 N H 2 + SHjO + FeClj -> Fe(OH)3 i + 3 C H 3 N H 3 C I
3Fe + 4 H 2 O — ^ F e 3 0 4 + 4 H 2
(3) A I C I 3 + 3NH3 + 3 H 2 O ^ Al(OH)3 i +3NH4CI ,; . , (X) . • ^
Fe304 + 4H2SO4(1)-> Fe2 (SO4 )3 + FeS04 + 4 H 2 O ^^^
' '
, N i C l 2 + 8NH3 + 2 H 2 O ^ [ N i ( N H 3 ) J ( O H ) 2 + 2NH4CI
(X) (Y)
C r C l 3 + 4 N a O H - > N a [ C r ( O H ) J + 3Naa '^^ ' Fe2(S04)3 +2KI->FeS04 + K 2 S O 4 +I2 - A ajs-i/ior^ -5 y&x , •
(6) 2FeCl3 + SNajCOj + BHjO 2Fe(OH)3 i +3CO2 + 6 N a C l (Y) (Z) . ^ .

2FeS04+2H2SO4 (d) ^ F e 2 ( 8 0 4 ) 3 + S O 2 + 2 H 2 O
Dap an diing la B.
Chu v: N i C l 2 + 2 N H 3 + 2 H 2 0 - ^ N i ( O H ) 2 i + 2 N H 4 a
.XvaZlfinlucrtl^Fe304V^FeS04. ^ ;(;Oi'^.
Ni(OH)2+6NH3 ^ [ N i ( N H 3 ) J ( O H ) 2 E)ap an dung la C.
C4U 5: Cho cac phan ung sau: ' - DH£ * j^KO)i? ;
CrCl3 + 3 N a O H - ^ C r ( O H ) 3 i +3NaCl (1) dung dich FeCl, + dung djch n&.CO, ->
(2) dung dich FeClj + dung djch NajS
' Cr(OH)3 + NaOH->Na[Cr(OH)^
(3) Fe304 + dung djch HCl
Cau 3: Thixc hi€n cac thi nghiem sau:
(I) Sue khi a . vao dung dich NaOH. (4) a , + hot Fe — ^ >
(II) Sue khi CO, vao nude Gia-ven Cac phan ihig oxi hoa khir xay ra c6 su tao thknh hop cha't Fe(II) ^
(III) Cho F e A vao dd HNO3 loang A. (2) B.(2),(4) C.(2),(3) D.(l),(4)
(IV) Sue khi SO, vao dd Na,CO., Hudng ddn gidi
(V) Cho FeS04 vk dung djch H2SO4 dSc. PTPU" xay ra:
S6' thi nghidm xay ra phan ling oxi hoa - khir la (1) FeCl2+Na2C03+2H20->Fe(OH)2i + C02 t + 2NaCl
A. 1 B. 3 C. 2 D.4
(2) 2FeCl3+Na2S^2Fea2+S+2NaCl
Hu&ng ddn gidi
(3) Fe304 +8HC1 -> 2FeCl3 + FeCl2 + 4 H 2 O
PTHH xay ra:
1) CI2 + 2 N a O H - > N a C l + NaClO + H 2 O (4) 3Cl2+2Fe—5^2FeCl3
C O 2 + H 2 O + NaClO ^ HCIO + NaHCOj • Phan umg (1,3): khOng phai la ph^n iJng oxi hoa khijf. <'V* >
• Chi CO phan img (2) thoa man bai ra. '
Fe203 + 6 H N O 3 ^ 2Fe(N03)3 + 3 H 2 O Dap an diing la A.
I S 0 2 + N a 2 C 0 3 - » N a 2 S 0 3 + C02 Clu 6: Cho dung dich NaOH loang du vko m6i dung djch: BaQj, A l O j , CrQ,,
2) 2FeS04 + 2H2SO4 Fe2 (SO4 )3 + SO2 + 2 H 2 O CuCl,, AgNOj. S6' cha't kd't tiia thu duoe la
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 . D. 2
Dap an diing la C . Hudng ddn gidi
CSu 4: Cho so d6 phan ung: PTPU": AlCl3+4NaOH(du) ^•Na[Al(OH)4]+3NaCl
Fe fH20.t MX)- +H2SO4L ^^y^_^KL^(Z)_l»252l_,(Y) CrCl2 + 2NaOH ^Cr(OH)2 i + 2NaCl '
8
X va Z \in luot la CuCl2+2NaOH-^Cu(OH)2i+2NaCl fHOUA
A. FeO va Fe,(S04)3. B. Fe2(S04)3 va FeS04.
2 AgNOj + 2 N a O H -> Ag20 i + 2NaN03 + H 2 O i'J:.^^f•
C. Fe304vaFeS04. D. FeO va FeS04.
Hu&ng ddn gidi BaCl2 + NaOH-> khOng xay ra. ;()f.(A:.
Cac PTPLr xay ra trong so d6: dp an diing la A.
C&u 7: Hoan thanh phirong tnnh hod hoc cua cdc phan iJng trong day chuyg'n 9: Bang phuong phap hod hoc, hay phan biet 3 m5u hop kim sau:
sau: A l - Fe; Al - Cu va Cu - Fe.
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cu-(^CuS-(^Cu(N02)2 - ^ C u ( O H ) 2 -(lUcuCl2 - ^ C u
Cho cdc mSu thu vao dung djch NaOH
Hu&ng ddn gidi ,
+ MSu khOng c6 hien tuong gi =:> Mfiu Cu - Fe
PTHH xay ra trong so d6. ,
+ Mltu CO sui bot khi Id Al - Fe, A l - Cu.
i (1) Cu + S — ^ CuS
A l + NaOH + H j O -> NaAlOj + — " 2
. (2) CuS + I O H N O 3 > C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 + H2SO4 + 8NO2 + 4H2O
Cho 2 mSu con lai vao dung dich H Q (du)
(3) C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 +2NaOH ) - C U ( O H ) 2 4' + 2NaN03 iv + M5u tan hat la A l - Fe:
(4) Cu(OH)2 + 2 H a > C u a 2 + 2H2O Al + 3HC1 > AICI3 + - H 2 t

2
(5) CUCI2 > Cu + CI2 (diftn phan dung djch).
Fe + 2HC1 > FeCl2 + H2 t
C4u 8: M6t h6n hop b6t g6m A l , Fe, Cu. Hay trinh bay phuong phap hoa hoc de tach
+ M5u kh6ng tan hd't la Al - Cu
rieng tCmg kim loai til h6n hop do. Viet phuong trinh hod hoc ciia cdc phan ufng.
C4u 10: Viet phuong trinh hod hoc ciia cdc phan ling trong qud tnnh chuy^n hod sau:
Hu&ng ddn gidi
(4)
- Cho h6n hop vô dung dich H Q du: Cr-(lUcr203-(^Cr2(SO,)3-(^ Cr(OH)3 ^Cr203
A l + 3HC1 >AlCl3+-H, Hu&ng ddn gidi
PTHH xay ra trong so 66

Fe + 2HC1 > F e C l 2 +H2
(1) -> 2Cr203
Loc tac Cu kh6ng tan. 4Cr + 30o -
- Cho dung dich NaOH du vao phSn dung dich thu duo«c b irtn. (2) Cr203 + 3H2SO4 ).Cr2 (504)3 + ^ ^ 2 ^
2NaOH + FeCl2 > Fe(OH)2 i + 2NaCl
(3) Cr2 (504)3 + ^^^^^ > 2Cr(OH)3 4 + 3Na2S04
4NaOH + A I C I 3 > NaA102 + SNaCl + 2H2O
(4) 2Cr(OH)3 — ^ Cr203 + 3H2O
- Loc tdch kd't tua Fe(OH)2, nung or nhidt d6 cao
iu 11: Viet phuong trinh hod hoc cua cdc phan ling trong qua trinh chuy^n d6i sau:
Fe(OH)2 — ^ FeO + H2O
Sau do dung CO (du) cho tac dung voi FeO
I FeS2 - ^ F e 2 0 3 -H_>FeCl3 _ l ^ F e ( 0 H ) 3 - i ^ F e 2 0 3 - i ^ F e O
CO + FeO — ^ Fe + CO2
(6)
->FeS04 ilUFe
Sue khi CO2 vao ph^n dung dich Hu&ng ddn gidi
PTHH xay ra trong so d6:
NaA102 + CO2 + 2H2O > Al(OH)3 i +NaHC03
Loc tach kd't tua, r6i nung 6 nhifit d6 cao (1) 4FeS2 + I I O 2 - -> 2Fe203 + 8SO2
2Al{OH)3 — ^ AI2O3 + 3 H 2 0 t 1(2) Fe203 + 6HC1 - -> 2FeCl3 + 3 H 2 O
Didn phan nong chay AUOj (3) FeClj + 3NaOH —> Fe(OH)3 i + 3 N a C l
2AI2O3 "P"^ ) 4A1 + 3O2 t

^ ^ criolit ^ (4) 2Fe(OH)3 — > Fe203 + 3 H 2 O
517
(5) Fe203 + CO '° ) 2FeO + C O 2 F e C l 3 ^ - ^ F e ( O H ) 3 — ^ Fe2 ( 8 0 4 ) 3
(6) FeO + H2S04(1) > FeSO^ +
(7) FeS04 + Zn > Fe + ZnS04 oiy vrU jîn >FeCl2 — ^ F e ( O H ) 2 — ^ FeS04 ix- P
Cau 12: Nhan bifi't tilmg oxit kim loai ridng bi^t sau bang phuang phap hoa hoc Fe(N03) < - l ^ F e O — ^ F e C l j —^Fe(N03),
CuO, AI2O3, FeO, Fe304, FejOj, CaO. Giai thich va vie't phuang trinh hoa hoc 3\
ciia cac phan umg. ^ Fe2 (SO4 )3 — ^ Fe(OH)3 — ^ Fe203 —^Fe
Hu&ng ddn gidi Hu&ng ddn gidi < ^
- Ldn lucrt cho cac oxit trdn tac dung vdi HÔ, nhan ra CaO do tan trong nude;
(1) 2Fe + 3 a 2 — ^ 2Fea3 . u,fi-t- ' ••- ari''>>M
CaO + H2O > Ca(OH)2
(2) FeClj + 3 N a O H > Fe(OH)3 i + 3 N a a J ,|| ,
- Dung dich HCl hoa tan cac oxit duac cac dung djch mu6'i clorua.
- Dung djch nao c6 mau xanh thi oxit ban ddu la CuO: (3) 2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 > Fe2(S04)3 + 6H2O
CuO+ 2HC1 > CUCI2+ H2O (4) Fe + 2HC1 > FeCU + H2 T • • "
(xanh) (5) 2FeCl2 + Cl2 > 2FeCl3

- Dung djch nao kh6ng mau tac dung \6\H tao kd't tiia keo tan trong NaOH (6) 2FeCl3 + Fe > 3FeCl2
du thi oxit ban ddu la AUOj:
I
(7) F e a 2 + 2NaOH > Fe(OH)2 i + 2Naa
AI2O3 + 6HC1 > 2Aia3 + 3H2O
(8) Fe(OH)2 + H2SO4 ^FeS04 + 2 H 2 0
AICI3 + 3NaOH > Al(OH)3i + 3NaCl
(9) Fe + 6HNO3 d,,, > Fe(N03)3 + 3NO2 T + 3H2O
Al(OH)3 + NaOH > NaAlO, + 2H2O
(10) FeO + 4 H N O 3 a,c ,„6„g > ^îÔ,), + N O 2 1 + 2H!O
- Dung dich mau luc nhat tac dung voi NaOH tao k6't tiia tring xanh chuyen din
sang mau nû do thi oxit ban dSu la FeO: (11) FeO + 2HC1 > FeCU + H2O
FeO + 2HCl >FeCU + H.O (12) F e d , + 2AgN03 > Fe(N03)2 + 2AgCl i

(13) 2Fe + 6 H 2 S O 4 , „ „ g > Fe2(S04)3 + 3SO2 T + 6H2O
, F e C l 2 + 2NaOH > ^^(OH)^ i + 2NaCl
(14) Fe2(S04)j + 6NaOH > 2Fe(OH)3 i + 3Na2S04
(trSng xanh)
' 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O > 4Fe(OH)3 i (nau do) (15) 2Fe(OH)3 — ^ Fe203 + 3H2O
- Hai oxit Fe203 va Fe304 nhan bid't chung bang dung dich H N O 3 loang, phan iJng (16) Fe203 + 3C0 — ^ 2Fe + 3 C O 2 1 •
khong giai phong khi la FeÔj giai phong khi hoa nau trong kh6ng khi la Fe,04:
u 14: Co h6n hap b6t cac kim loai loai A l va Zn. Trinh bay phuang phap hoa hoc
3Fe304 + 2 8 H N O 3 > 9Fe(N03)3 + N O t + MH.O tach ri6ng timg kim loai va vie't phuang trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan ihig da dung.
2NO + O2 > 2NO2

Hu&ng ddn gidi
Hoa tan h6n hop vao dung dich HCl du
(kh6ng mau) (Mau nftu)
2A1 + 6HC1 -> 2 A I C I 3 + 3H2 T
cau 13: Thuc hien nhfing bid'n doi hoa hoc trong sa d6 sau bang each viS't phucng
Zn + 2HC1 ZnCl2 + H 2 t
trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan litig va n6u diiu kidn ciia phan utig (n6u c6):
Dung djch thu duac cho tac dung vdi dung djch NH3 du:
HCl(du) + NH3 ^ NH4CI
I
AlClj + 3NH3 + 3 H . O -> Al(OH)3i + 3NH4CI
, Nhan ra dung djch HNO3 do phan irng tao dung djch mau xanh va c6 bot khi
ZnCl, + 2NH3 + 2H2O -> Zn(OH)2>l + 2NH4CI I khdng mau hoa nau trong kh6ng khi thoat ra:
Zn(OH)2 + 4NH3 -> [Zn(NH3)4](OH), 3Cu + 8 H N O 3 -> 3Cu(N03)2 + 2NOt + 4H2O
- Loc tach Al(OH)3 nhiet phan thu diroc AI2O3 r6i diftn phan n6ng chay dugc Al: Khf NO hoa nau trong khdng khi : . i ,V'.':-"y{
V 2 N O + O2 > 2NO2
2 A 1 A - ^ ^ 4A1 +
- Tix nude loc tai tao lai diroc Zn(OH)2 nhidt phan thknh ZnO r6i khu bang H, » N h a n ra dung djch AgNOj do dung djch xua'hifin mhu xanh: > * ..'M i:
dugc Zn: • Cu + 2AgNO, > Cu(N03)2 + 2 A g i
^ • B a dung djch con lai kh6ng tha'y phan ihig la: HCl, NaOH, NaN03.
[Zn(NH3)4](OH)2 + 4Ha > ZnCOH), i + 4 N H 4 C I
^hây dung djch AgNOj 6i nhan ra dung djch HCl (kd't tua AgCl tring). Nhan ra
Zn(OH), — ^ Z n O +H2O ^ K l u n g djch NaOH (ket tua AgjO den). ^
H HCl + AgNO, > AgCl i + HNO3
ZnO + H, — ^ Z n + H A
DCu-Ag i..
H| 2NaOH + 2AgN03 > in&nO, + /Kg.O + H.O
^^Con lai la dung djch NaNOj
cau 15: Ba h6n hop kirn loai: j 2 ) Cu - Al Dap an diing la A.
3) C u - M g
Diing dung djch ciia cap chat nao sau day d^ nhan bid't cac h6n hop tr^n? Cau 17: Viet phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan limg trong qua trinh chuyfi'n hoa sau:
A. H Q va AgNOj B. HCl va A1(N03)3
Q - ^ QCl, Cr(OH)3 NaCrOj — ^ â^ÔO^ — ^ Na2Q207
C. HCl va MgCNOj), D. HClvaNaOH
Diing dung djch HCl va dung djch NaOH:
Hi) 2Cr + 3CI2 — ^ 2CrCl3
- Cho tCmg h6n hop tac dung vdi dung djch HQ nhan ra h6n hop Cu - Ag do
kh6ng tac dung B2) CrClj + NaOH,,,,, >Cr{OH)y + 3 N a a
- H6n hop (2) tao ra dung djch A I Q 3 vk h6n hop (3) tao ra dung djch MgO,,
H3) Cr(OH), + NaOH > NaCrO, + 2H2O
+ 6 H a > 2AICI3 + 3 H 2 t
2A1
Wk) 2NaCr02 + 3Br2 + 8 N a O H > 2Na2Cr04 + 6NaBr + 4 H 2 O
Mg + 2HC1 > MgCL + H^t
- Phan bidt (2) va (3) bang each cho dung djch NaOH phan ung vdi cdc dung djch
Hs) 2Na2Cr04 + H2SO4 > n^.CuO, + Na2S04 + H2O
tiTOng ling thu duoc: Cau 18: Phan biet 3 h6n hop sau bang phuong phap hoa hoc:
a) Fe va FeO b) Fe va Fe.Oj c) FeO va Fe.Oj
+ Nhan ra (2) do xua't hidn kd't tua, kS't tua tan trong NaOH du
Hu&ng ddn gidi
AICI3 + 3NaOH -> Al(OH)3 i + 3 N a a
La'y m6t ft cac h6n hop cho vao dung djch CUSO4 du, h6n hop khdng lam nhat
Al(OH)3 + NaOH > NaAlO, + 2H2O. mau dung djch la h6n hop (c) FeO va FejOj , h6n hop (a) va h6n hop (b) lam
+ Nhan ra (3) do xua't hifen ke't tiia kh6ng tan trong NaOH du: nhat mau dung djch CUSO4 do c6 phan ung:
MgCl, + 2NaOH -> Mg(OH)2 i + 2 NaCl Fe + CUSO4 > FeS04 + Cu
Dap an diing la D. c la'y chat nln sau phan ung ciia h6n hop (a) la Cu va FeO; ciia h6n hop (b) la
Cau 16: Co cac dung djch: HCl, HNO3, NaOH, AgNOj, NaN03. Chi dung them 'u va Fe203 cho phan ung dung djch HCl du.
chat nao sau day de nhan bidt cac dung djch trdn? FeO + 2HC1 > FeCK + H.O
A. Cu B. Dung djch Al2(S04)3
Fe203 + 6HC1 >2FeCl3 + 3 H 2 0
C. Dung djch BaQ, D. Dung djch CaCOH),
Hudng ddn gidi
, Dung Cu, cho Cu vao cac dung djch trdn :
V Cho dung djch NaOH dir vho cdc dung djch viifa thu duoc, n6u tha'y c6 k€t tug Theo day di6n hoa => tinh oxi hoa ciia cac ion tang theo thu: tu:
mau do thi h6n hop ban dSu loai Fe va FeÔ,; n^'u c6 kd't tiia mku trSng xanh t}j, Fe-* < H* < Cu-* < Ag*
h6n hop ban ddu la Fe va FeO .., => Phuong an B diing. j.
FeCl, + 2NaOH > 2NaCl + Fe(OH).^ Theo quy tic cc
(mau trang xanh) \
>!; FeCl3 + 3NaOH )• 3NaCl + Fe(OH), i >(,• \u Fe-
(mau nau do) Fe'* oxi hoa dugc Cu: 2Fe'* + Cu > 2Fe-* + Cu"* /'i ^
C. BAI TAP T O N G HOP => Phuong an C diing. '
Theo quy tac oc: > * 'J i ' ' •
Cau 1: Day cac ion xfi'p theo chilu giam din tinh oxi hoa la (bi6't trong day dien
hoa, cap Fe'7 Fe"* diing trudrc cap AgVAg)
A. Fe'\^ C u - \\. Ag\ Cu
'.1.1 'V.''
C. F e ^ Cu-^ A g ^ Fe-^ D. A g ^ Cu-\^ Fe-^ => Fe"* khdng oxi hoa dugc Cu.
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi A) vay phuong an D khong dung.
•'.I'
Hu&ng ddn gidi Dap an diing la D. , ,01 -
Trong day difin hoa c6: Cau 3: Nguyen tac luyen thep tijf gang la
Fe-* Cu-* Fe^* Ag* chi6u tang tinh oxi hoa A. diing O2 oxi hoa cac tap chat Si, P, S, Mn,... trong gang de thu dugc thep.
\ 1 1 > B. dung chat khu CO khu oxit sat thanh sat a nhidt d6 cao.
Fe Cu Fe-* Ag ftkC. dung CaO hoac CaCO, de khijf tap chat Si, P, S, Mn,... trong gang de' thu dugc thep.
Vay chiû giam tmh oxi hoa ciia cac ion la ^ • D . tang them ham lugng cacbon trong gang de thu dugc thep.
Ag* > Fe'* > Cu-* > Fe-*. (Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH - CD khoi B)
Dap an dung la B. Hu&ng ddn gidi
Cau 2: M6nh de khong diing la: ^ H C a n g la hgp kim cua sat vdri cacbon (tir 2 - 5% theo khd'i lugng) va m6t so
A. Fe khir duoc Cu"* trong dung djch. ^Rnguyen to khac (Mn, Si,...).
B. Tinh oxi hoa ciia cac ion tSng theo thu" tu: Fe'*, H*, Cu"*, Ag*. ^ • T h e p la hgp kim ciia sat vdi cacbon (< 2% theo khd'i lugng) va m6t s6' ra't it cac
I
C. Fe'* CO tinh oxi hoa manh hon Cu"*. nguyen t6' khac.
D. Fe'* oxi hoa duoc Cu. Do do nguydn tac luyfin gang thanh thep la:
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh DH • CD khoi A) Dung Oi oxi hoa cac tap chat C, vSi, P, S, Mn trong gang de thu dugc thep:
Hu&ng ddn gidi C + O3 > CO3 - '
; Trong day dien hoa c6:
( Fe-* H* Cu-* Fe^* Ag* Chiû tang tinh oxi hoa
Si
4P +
+ 5O
0,, >> S2P.O5
iO, ''^
Fe H, Cu Fe-* Ag Chieu giam tinh khif
S + Oo > SO,
Xet cac phuong an: fji,,
Theo quy tac oc (anpha): 2Mn + 02 > 2MnO " ' •
r Fe-* ^ / Cu^* ; Dap an diing la A.
\e Cu , 4: Tie'n hanh bd'n thf nghidm sau: • ''
Thl nghiem 1: Nhiing thanh Fe vao dung dich FeCl,.
• Fe khir duoc Cu"*: Fe + Cu'* > Fe'* + Cu
'^Thi' nghiem 2: Nhiing thanh Fe vao dung djch C U S O 4 . ,
• Phuong an A dung.
- Thi nghiem 3: Nhiing thanh Cu vao dung dich FeQjj Fe"- ^ Fe"' + le
- Thi ngiiiem 4: Cho thanh Fe tie'p xuc vdd thanh Cu r6i nhiing vô dung dich HCl. 2S-^ ^ 2S"* + 2. 6e
S6 trucmg hop xua't h\€n an mon di6n hoa la CuFeSj Fe*' + Cu*- + 28** + 13e ^
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D.4.
vay 1 phan tijfCuFeSj nhu6ng 13 electron. 1 ,
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khdi B)
Dap an diing la A. " ,j; ,
; . Hu&ngddngidi
Cau 7: Di khir ion Cu^* trong dung dich CUSO4 c6 th^ diing kim loai , .
Cac trirong hop xua't hifen an mon dien hoa khi thoa man 3 diû ki6n an mon A. Ba. B. K. C. Fe. D. Na.
difen hoa. (Trich Di thi tuyen sink Cao dang khoi A)
Thf nghiam 1: Chi c6 1 didn circ (cue Fe). vi
Hu&ng ddn gidi
- Thi nghidm 2: Fe + CUSO4 > C u i + FeS04 PTHH: Fe + CuSO^ - > Cu + FeS04
Thoa man 3 didu ki6n: Co 2 difen cue khac nhau (cue Fe, cue Cu), hai cue noi Dap an diing la C.
true tiep vdi nhau, hai di^n cite duoc nhung vao m6t dung djch chai di^n li la CSu 8: Di khir ion Fe'* trong dung dich thanh ion Fe^* c6 th^ dung m6t luong du
dung dich CUSO4. A. kim loai Cu. B. kim loai Ba.
- Thi nghiem 3: Chi eo m6t difin cue (cue Cu). C. kim loai Ag. D. kim loai Mg.
- Thi nghidm 4: Thoa man 3 di6u ki6n an mon diSn hoa.
Vay CO hai trircmg hop thoa man xua't hifen an mon dien hoa (TN2 va TN4). Hu&ng ddn gidi «-
Dap an diing la B. k P T H H : Cu + 2Fe'* ^ Cu^* + 2Fe-" :I r>
Cau 5: X la kim loai phan ung duoc vdi dung djch H2SO4 loang, Y la kim loai tac Dap an diing la A.
dung duoc voi dung djch Fe(N03)3. Hai kim loai X, Y l^n luot la (bid't thii tit u 9: Dung djch X chiJa cac ion: Fe'", S04^", NH4", CI". Chia dung djch X thanh
trong day di^n hoa: Fe''*/Fe"*dihig trudrc Ag7 Ag) hai phin bang nhau:
A. Ag, Mg. B. Cu,Fe. C. Mg, Ag. D. Fe, Cu. Phin m6t tac dung vdi luong du dung djch NaOH, dun nong thu duoc 0,672 lit
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH • CD khoi A) khi (6 dktc) va 1,07 gam ke't tiia;
Hu&ng ddn gidi PhSn hai tac dung voi luong du dung djch BaCU, thu duoc 4,66 gam kfi't tiia.
Xet cae phuong an: T6ng kh6'i luong cac mu6'i khan thu dugc khi c6 can dung djch X Ik (qua trinh
c6 can ehi eo nu6c bay hoi)
A. loai, VI Ag + H.SO4 (loang)
B. loai, VI Cu + H:S04 (loang) (Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao dang khdi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
C. loai, VI Ag + Fe(N03)3 Phuong trinh phan irng xay ra: ' '
D. Thoa man: Fe + H.S04(1) > FeS04 + H.T Fe'" + 3 0 H > Fe(OH)3
Cu + 2Fe(NO.,), > 2Fe(N03). + Cu(NO.,), N H ; +OH- > N H j t +H2O
Dap an diing la I).
SO^" +Ba-" — > BaS04i
Cau 6: Trong phan ling dot chay CuFeSj tao ra san ph^m CuO, FcjOj va SO2 thi
mot phan ti!r CuFeSj se
Theo bai ra: n^^j^ = 2.np,(OH)3 = " 0,02(mol)
A. nhucmg 13 electron. B. nhan 12 electron.
C. nhan 13 electron. D. nhuomg 12 electron.
(Trich De thi tuyen sink DH - CD khoi B) n + = 2 . n N H , = 2 . ^ ^ = 0,06(mol)
NH+ 22,4 f'^
Huong ddn gidi
+2 +2-2 0 +2 -2 +3 +4 ' n 2 =2.nf^^, = . 2 . — = 0,04(mol)
So d6 phan ung: CuFeSj + O2 ^ C u O + Fe2 + SO2 soj- 233 '^ :
Triromg hop 2: Dung djch Y la mu6'i nitrat ciia m6t k i m loai diing sau sSt trong
Theo djnh luat bao tokn didn ti'ch:
day dien hoa (sdt d^y dirge k i m loai do ra khoi dung dich mu6'i).
0,02.3 + 0,06.1 = 0,04.2 + n^^_ . 1 n^^_ = 0,04 (mol)
Dat k i m loai trong oxit la M , oxit k i m loai X la MÔ^, mu6'i nitrat trong Y la
Kh6'i lirgng mu6'i bang t6ng khd'i lircmg cac ion: M(NO0„
m„„,i = 0,02. 56 + 0,06. 18 + 0,04. 96 + 0,04. 35,5 = 7,46 (gam) Ta CO so do: v •;» ;
-2 +5 r +2
Dap an dung la D . O + 2e • N
Cau 10: Cho phan umg hoa hoc: Fe + CUSO4 - > FeS04 + Cu o N + 3e
(0,0.^0,015) 0,015 <-0,00.")
Trong phan litig trdn xay ra M - M.O„ M(N03)„
V A . su oxi hoa Fe va sir oxi hoa Cu. B. sir oxi hoa Fe va sir khix Cu^*. l,08g
C. sir k h u Fe-^ va sir oxi hoa Cu. D. sir khir Fe^* su oxi hoa Cu^*. +2
(Trich De thi tuyen sink Cao dang khoi A) Fe - 2 e -> Fe
Hu&ngddngidi 0,015 ^ 0,03
Xay ra: [leo dinh luSt bao toan electron, ta c6:

.2+
r Sir oxi hoa Fe: Fe - 2e > Fe J m o l e d o O n h a n : 0,03 - 0,015 = 0,015 (mol)
^J - Sir khir ion Cu"*: Cu'* + 2e > Cu no = ^ ' ^ * ^ ( m o l ) ^ m Q =^^^^.16=0,12(gam)'

2 2
Dap an dung la B. '^=> mM=m^ô^ - m o = l , 0 8 - 0 , 1 2 = 0 , 9 6 (gam)
Cau 11: Hoa tan hoan toan 1,08 gam mot oxit k i m loai X trong dung dich HNO3
loang (vira d i i ) , thu dirge 0,112 l i t N O (san phdm khir duy nhat, 6 dktc) va dung Theo dinh luat bao toan 6\tn tich, ta c6:
r; dich Y . Dung dich Y nay c6 kha nSng hoa tan nhiû nha't 0,84 gam Fe. Neu c6 "e^Mcho) - "e(Fecho) => n = 0,03 (mol)
NO:," (M(NOi,)n) '•N03(M(N0,)n)
can dung dich Y thi thu duoc bao nhidu gam mu6'i khan ? W d y khoi lirgng mu6'i thu dugc la:
1; A . 2,82 B.4,05 C. 1,2 D . 3,63.
•&M(NO,i =mM +m - = 0,96 + 0,03.62 = 2,82 (gam)
Hu&ngddngidi •^M(N()3)„ M N03(M(N03)n)
Theo bai ra: nô = 0,005 (mol); npc = 0,015 (mol). •>dp an dung la A .
t V i dung dich Y (dung dich mu6'i k i m loai) hok tan duoc Fe n6n c6 thi chia fthu v; - Dir doan oxit X c6 th^ la FeO, Fe,04, Cu,0.
thanh 2 tpjomg hop: m - De phu hgp voi cac s6' lieu ti'nh toan thi oxit X la CuiO.
* Trirtmg hofp 1: Dung dich Y la mu6'i Fe(N03)3 Cau 12: Phat bieu nao sau day khong dung ?
* => Oxit la Fe.Oy (FeO hoic FCiO^). A. Quang box it dung 66 san xua't nh6m.
So d6 phan ung: B. Phen nhom- kali la chat thucfng diing lam trong nir6c due.
C. Quang manhetit thuomg dung de luydn thep.
<; Fe,0, ^"N03 ^ xFe(N03)3
D. Quang hematit do diing de san xua't gang. -1
0,03/x <r- 0,03
Hu&ng ddn gidi A <
2Fe(N03)3 + Fe - > 3Fe(N03)2 *
Thep dirge luydn tir gang hoac thep phe lidu, chi'r kh6ng phai luyen tir quang sat
0,03 <- 0,015 (manhetit Fe,04...). Quang sSt (hematit, manhetit,...) dugc dung de san xua't gang.
1 08 Dap an diing la C.
'"y™ --^^^ Chu v: Quang boxit A K O , . nHÔ dung di san xua't nhom.
V6i X= 1 M = 36 ;t Mpeo => loai Phen nh6m - kali AK(S04)vK:S04.24H:0 dugc dung de' lam trong nudc.
X = 3 => M = 108 ;t MFe304 => 'oî 13: Thi nghiem nao sau day dugc m6 ta khong dung ?
A. Nho dung dich NaSCN vao dung djch FeCl, tha'y dung djch thu dugc c6 mau
Vay loai trucmg hop n^y.
do mau.
B. Cho dung djch C H 3 C O O H tac dung vira du vdi dung dich NaOH, tifi'p tuc 1
vao do vai giot quy tim tha'y dung dich c6 mau xanh.
CHUYEN of 7: KTTHUAT GIAI NHANH CAC DANG
C. Cho tir tir dung dich CaCOH), vao dung djch H2SO3 tha'y xuat hifin k€t tijg BAI TAP VE NHAN BIE'T - CHUAN DUNG D|CH
trang, tiep tuc cho dung dich Ca(OH)2 d^'n du ke't tua lai tan ra.
- HdA HQC vdi cAc VAN OE KINH TC XA HQI
D. Nho tir tir dung djch HCl loang vao dung dich NajCOj du d6ng thoi khu^y
dû khOng tha'y khi thoat ra. Nho tiep vao do vai giot dung djch BaCOH), VAMdlTRUdNG
tha'y CO ket tua xuat hien.
Hu&ng ddn gidi J. L i thuyet van dung va phuong phap giai:
Xet cac phuong an:
NHAN B I E T M O T SO C A T I O N TRONG DUNG D I C H
A. Dung: FeCl,, + 3NaSCN ^ Fe(SCN)3 + SNaQ
Natri thioxianat do mau Dung djch
Cation Hien tuong Giai thich
B. Diing, vi mu6'i CHjCOONa bj thuy phan tao ra m6i trudng ki^m (lam quy thuoc thur
tim hoa xanh): ' Ba^^ H2SO4 loang. i trang khong tan trong Ba-"+SOf ^BaS04i
CH, COOH + NaOH ^ CHjCOONa + HÔ j ^ axit.
CHjCOONa ^ CH3COO + Na"
Fe=^ Ki^m hoac i trang hoi xanh, sau do Fe-" + 20H- -> Fe(OH)2i
CH3COO" + HOH ^ CH3COOH + OH NH3 chuy^n thanh nau do. 4Fe(OH)2 + 0 , + 2H3O ->
C. Kh6ng dung, vi CaS04 {i trang) kh6ng tan trong dung dich CaCOH), du:
4Fe(OH),i
Ca(OH)2 + 2H3SO3 Ca(HS03)2 + 2H3O
Fe'^ Kiem hoac i nau do. Fe'" + 3 0 H " ^> Fe(OH)3i
Ca(0H)2 + CaCHSOj), CaS03 i + 2H2O NH3
D. Dung: HCl + Na.CO, (du) ^ NaCl + NaHC03
Kiem du i keo trang, tan trong A l ' " + 3 0 H " ^ Al(OH)34
Ba(OH): + NajCOa (du) ^ BaCOji + 2NaOH thuoc thir du. Al(OH)3 + OH" ->
Ba(0H)3 + NaHCOj -> BaCOji + NaOH + H , 0
[Al(OH)4]-
Dap an diing la C NH3du i xanh, tan thanh dung Cu-V 20H"Cu(OH)24
Cau 14: Trucmg hop nao dudi day khong c6 sir phu hop giQa ten quang va cong djch xanh dam. Cu(OH)2 + 4 N H 3 ^
thuc hop chat chinh c6 trong quang?
[Cu(NH3)4](0H)2
A. Hematit chiia Vc.Oj, B. Photphorit chii-a 3Ca3(P04)2.CaF2
' Ni-^ Kidm, NH3 i xanh luc, khong tan Ni-" + 20H" Ni(0H)2i
C. Boxit chu-a AKO, D. Manhetit chiia Fe304
trong kidm, tan trong Ni(OH)2 + 6NH3->
Hu&ng ddn gidi
dung djch NH3. [Ni(NH3)J(OH)2
Thanh phSn chinh cija quang:
- Hematit: FciOj Cr'* Kiem du i xanh, tan trong ki^m Cr^^ + 3 0 H - -> Cr(OH)3i
- Boxit: AI2O3 du -> dd xanh. Cr(OH)3 + OH~
- Phophorit: Ca3(P04)2
>[Cr(OH)4]
- Manhetit: Fe304 uu , *
NH^ Kiem, t" Khi miii khai lam xanh N H ; +0H-
Dap an dung la B.
gia'y quy ^m.
CM V. Quang apatit 3Ca3(P04)2.CaF2.
— ^ NH3t + H.O
|, Na" Ngon lira vang tuoi Na* khi nung nong phat ra
quang ph6 mau vang.
NHAN BitT MOT SO ANION TRONG DUNG DICH ( a c thi du minh hoa
C
Anion
Dung dich thuoc
Hien tuong Giai thich fhidu 1: Thi nghidm vdi dung djch HNO, thuomg sinh ra khi d6c NOj. Di han
thu chfe' khi' NO, thoat ra tir 6ng nghi^m, ngucri ta niit 6'ng nghidm bang:
NO; Cu (b6t) Dung djch mau xanh,
+ H2SO4 3Cu + 8H" + 2N03 -> , (a) bdng kho (b) b6ng c6 t^m nu6c. '''' '
(loang) khi khdng mau hoa (c) bong CO t^m nu6c v6i (d) b6ng c6 tim gi^m an
mau nau trong kh6ng 3Cu-" + 2NOt + 4H2O
Trong 4 bien phap tren, bidn phap c6 hidu qua nhaft ' i'': •
khi. A.(d) B.(a) C.(c) D.(d)
so^- BaCU (trong m6i i trang, kh6ng tan Ba-^ + S O ^ -^BaSOî (Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoi A nam 2013)
trucmg axit loang) trong axit.
Hu&ng ddn giai
HCl Siii hot khi kh6ng mau, CO 3' +2H* ^ C O j t +
CO3"
khdng mui. Nuofc voi ha'p thu khi NO,: .irrtjb i !
H2O
4NO, + 2Ca(0H), ^ Ca(N03)2 + Ca(N02), + 2H2O
cr AgNOVHNOj i trSng kh6ng tan trong Ag" + c r ^ AgCli => Bi6n phap hifiu qua nhat la (C).
axit.
ThiDapdu an2: diing la C.phat biû sau:
Cho cac
NHAN Bi:^T M O T SO C H A T K H I
. (a) Di xir ly thiiy ngan rcfi vai, ngircri ta c6 thi dung b6t liru huynh
(b) Khi thoat vao khi quydn, freon pha hiiy tSn ozon.
Khi Mui Tliuoctliu Hien tugng, giai thich (c) Trong khi quyen, n6ng d6 COj vucrt qua tidu chu^n cho phep gay ra hidu
iJng nha kinh.
Dung dich brom nhat mau: (d) Trong khi quyen, ndng d6 NO, va SO, vuot qua tieu chu^n cho phep gay
SO, Mac Br,(dd) ra hien tuong mua axit.
SO, + Br, + 2H,0 H.SO^ + 2HBr
Trong cac phat bieu tren, s6'phat bid'u diing la
Kfe't tua mau trang: A. 2 B. 1 C. 4 D. 3
CO, Kh6ng mui Ca(OH),(dd,du) Ca-" + C O | " > CaCO,l (Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoi A nam 2013)
trang Hu&ng ddn giai
Gia'y quy 9'm chuyd'n thanh mau c phat hiiu diu diing:
NH3 Khai Quytim^ xanh: (a) Hg(l) + S-^HgS(r)
NH3 + H,0 <z± NH4 + 0 H ^<b) 2O3 _ J i ^ 3 0 ,
K6't tua mku den: (c) N6ng do CO, (tuong tu SiO,) cao gay hidu vtng nha ki'nh (tang nhidt d6).
H,S Triing th6'i Pb(CH3C00),(dd) Pb-^ + H,S > PhSi + 2H* (d) NO, -> HNO3
den SO2 -)• SO3 H,S04
Cac axit HNO3, H,S04 roi ciing voi nu6c mua tao mua axit.
.^âp an diing la C.
du 3: M6t mliu khi thai c6 chiJa CO,, NO,, N, va SO, duoc sue vao dung
djch Ca(OH), du. Trong b6'n khi do, s6' khi bj ha'p thu la
A. 3 B. 4 C. 1 D. 2
(Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoi B nam 2013)
Hudng ddn giai
c khi phan litig v6i Ca(OH), se bj ha'p thu:
5^0
CO, + Ca(OH)2 CaCO, + HÔ fhidu 7: Trong qua ga'c chin rat giiu ham lirgng
4NO2 + 2Ca(OH), -> Ca(NO,)2 + Ca(NO,): + 2H.O A. vitamin A. B. P- caroten
SO, + Ca(OH), -> CaSOj + HÔ C. ete cua vitamin A. D. este cua vitamin A.
(Cac khf bi ha'p thu la cac oxit axit) ,j. , (Trich de tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi B)
Co 3 khi bi ha'p thu Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dap an diing la Trong qua ga'c chfn rat giau ham lugng P-caroten (ti6n vitamin A)
Thidu 4: Cho cac phat bid'u sau: 77 Dap an diing la B. ! n:
(a) Khi CO, gay ra hiSn tirgmg hieu umg nha kinh. Chu y:
(b) Khf SO2 gay ra hien tugng mua axit. Qua ga'c chiia P-caroten cao ga'p 68 \in ca chua (SGK hoa hoc 12 - Trang 190).
(c) Khi dirge thai ra khi quye'n, freon (chii yeu la CFCl, vaCF^ClT) pha hiiy Trong rugt non va tuyen giap trang xay ra qua trinh chuyen hoa:
cnzim caroteiiaza . .
tdng ozon.
caroten > vitamin A.
(d) Moocphin va cocain la cac chat ma tuy.
Thi du 8: Hoa tan 25 gam h6n hgp X g6m FeS04 va Fe,(S04)3 vao nuot, thu
S6' phat bieu dung la j
dugc 150 ml dung dich Y. Them H,S04 (du) vao 20 ml dung dich Y r6i
A. 2. B.4. C. 1. D. 3. '
chuan do toan b6 dung dich nay bang dung djch KMn04 0,1M thi diing het
{Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khoi AT
30 ml dung dich chu^n. Phdn tram kh6'i lugng FeS04 trong h6n hgp X la
Huomg dan gidi
A. 13,68%. B. 31,6%. C.9,12%. D. 68,4%.
Ca 4 phat bieu (a, b, c, d) dau dung.
Dap an dung la B
Thi du 5: D5n mSu khi thai cua mot nha may qua dung dich Pb(NO,), dir thi! Hu&ng ddn gidi
tha'y xuat hien ket tua mau den. Hien tugng do chung to trong khf thai nha Dung dich chu^n la KMn04 :nKMn04 =0,03.0,1 =0,003 (mol) ''
may c6 khf nao sau day?
A. H,S B. CO, C. N H , D. SO, 10FeSO4 + 2KMn04 + 8H2SO4 ^ 5Fe2 (S04)3 + "^2^04 + 2MnS04 + 8H2O
(Trich de tuyen sinh Cao dang khoi A)_ 0,015 <-0,003(mol)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
=> Trong 20 ml dung dich Y c6 0,015 mol FeS04
Trong khf thai nha may c6 H,S:
=> Trong 150 ml dung dich Y c6 0,015. 150/20 = 0,1125 mol FeS04
H2S + Pb(NO,)^ PbS i + 2 H N O 3
=>nip,so4 -0,1125.152 = 17,l(g)
den
Dap an dung la A. V^y%mp,so4/x=^^^-68,4%
Thi du 6: Nhom nhirng chat khf (hoac hai) nao dir6i day deu gay hieu ling nha
Dap an diing la D.
kfnh khi n6ng do ciia chiing trong khf quyen vugt qua tieu chudn cho phep?
A. N,vaCO. B. CO^vaO^. C. CH4vaH,0. D.C02vaCH4 Thidu 9: Uhg dung nao sau day dirge trinh bay khong dung?
(Trich de tuyen sinh Dai hoc khqij^ A. Sn, Cr diing d6' trang hay ma len cac do vat bang sat.
B. Dung nudfc voi de xir ly so b6 chat thai (dang Pb'"^, Hg'*)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
C. Diing fomon de bao quan thuc phsim (thit, ca...)
Cac cha't gay hidu utig nha kfnh: CO2 va CH4.
D. Zn, Pb dugc diing de chd' tao pin hay Sc quy
Dap dn dung la D.
Chu v; H , 0 (h), CFC (freon), N , 0 cung gay ra hifeu ling nha kfnh. Ve mat gSy h'^" Hu&ng ddn gidi
ling nha kfnh, m6t phan tir freon c6 tac dung tirong duong lOOCX) phan tir CO: Fomon (dung dich HCHO 40%) khdng dung d^ bao quan thirc ph^m (thit, ca...)
Nhu vay freon vCra gay hi6u ung nha kfnh vira c6 tac hai d6'i vdi tdng ozon. VI HCHO la chat doc hai.
533
Chu y: Fomon duoc dung di ngSm xac d6ng, thuc vat trong nghifin cihi khog .0
hoc. N H ^ + OH~ - ^ N H , t + HÔ
Thi du 10: Trong nude thai ciia m6t nha may c6 chura cac ion: Cu^*, Zn"*, Y>h-* Khi, miji khai
H g - \o the dung cha't nao sau day d^ xii ly so b6 nu6c thai tren?
Mg^^ + 2 0 H - > Mg(OH)2 4^
A. Etanol B. Gia'm 5n C. Amoniac D. Nu6c v6i
Trang
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Fe^+ + 3 0 H Fe(OH)3 i
xijf ly so b6 nude thai trdn c6 the dung nude v6i: *» ' * '
Donau
Cu2++20H"-).Cu(OH)2 i
Al^+ + 3 0 H —> A l ( O H ) i
Zn2++20H-^Zn(OH) i
Al(OH)3 +OH" -> A I O 2 + 2 H 2 O
Fe+^+30H ->Fe(OH)3 i
Na"" + OH" : Kh6ng xay ra.
Pb^^ + 2 0 H " -> Pb(OH)2 i
=> Nhan biet duoc ea 5 dung djch.
Hg2+ + 2 0 H - ^ HgO i +H2O Dap an dung la D.
Dap an dung la D. Thidu 13: Co cac lo hoa chat khong nhan, mdi lo dirng m6t trong cac dung dich
Thidu 11: Co 3 dung djch, m6i dung djch chiia 1 cation sau: Ba'^, N H / , Al'". ^ khdng mau sau: Na2S04, Na2S, Na2C03, Na3P04, Na2S03. Chi dijng thud'c
Trinh bay each nhan bid't chung. thir la dung djch H2SO4 loang, nho true tie'p vao tCmg dung djch thi eo the
Hu&ng ddn gidi nhan biet duoc cac dung djch
Rot khoang 1 ml m6i dung dich vao 3 ong nghiem nho. Cho Ain timg giot dung A. Na2C03, Na2S, Na2S03
djch NaOH vao m6i ong nghiem nay. B. Na2C03,Na2S
Ong xu^t hien ket tiia keo, mau trSng roi tan trong NaOH du la dung djch chiia AI"
C. NajS, Na2C03, Na2P04
Dun nhe 2 6'ng nghifem con lai, 6'ng nao c6 khi thoat ra lam xanh gia'y quy ti'm
D. Na2S04, Na2S, Na2C03, Na3P04, Na2S03
^m la dung djch chiia NH4. »>f^j,
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Ong nghiem khdng CO hien tucmg gi xay ra la dung djch chiia Ba"*
H2SO4 + Na2S04 -> Kh6ng xay ra
PTHH: Al-^^ + 3 0 H - > Al ( 0 H ) 3 i
H2SO4 + Na2S -» H 2 S t + Na2S04
Al(OH)3+OH- >A102+2H20
Khi miii triing th6'i
N H ; + OH" > NH3 t + H2O
H2SO4 + Na2C03 > CO2 t + Na2S04 + H2O
Thi du 12: Co 5 dung djch rieng re, m6i dung djch ehiia 1 anion: N H / , M g ' ^
Khi, khdng miii
Fe^', A l ' " , Na^ nong d6 khoang 0,1M. Bang each dung dung djch NaOH cho
\in lirot vao tirng dung dich, c6 the nhan biet diroe tdi da 3H2SO4 + 2Na3P04 > 3Na2S04 + 2H3PO4
A. dung djch ehiia ion: N H 4 H2SO4 + Na2S03 > SO2 T + Na2S04 + H2O
B. hai dung djch chiia ion: N H 4 va Al^* Khi, mui hac ''
=> Nhan biet diroc NajS, NajCOj, Na.SOj. , v
C. ba dung djch ehiia ion: N H 4 , Fe^+ va Al^+
Dap an diing la A.
.3+
D. nam dung djch chiia ion: N H ^ , Mg^^, Fe"*^, Na^, A l
534 535
Thi du 14: Co 5 6'ng nghifem khdng nhan, m6i 6'ng dung m6t trong cac dung Thi du 16: Trong danh muc tieu c h u i n ve sinh d6'i vdi luong thuc, thirc ph^m.
dich sau day (n6ng d6 khoang 0,1M): NH4CI, FeQ,, A l C l , , M g Q , , CuCK. B6 Y te quy dinh c6 5 chat ngot nhan tao duoc dung trong che bie'n lucmg
O i l dung dung dich N a O H nho tir tir vao timg dung dich, c6 t h ^ nhan bi6t thuc, thuc ph^m, nhung c6 quy dinh lieu lucmg six dung an toan. Thf du chat
dugfc t6'i da cac dung dich nao sau day? >/ Acesulfam K, l i ^ u lucmg c6 the' cha'p nhan duoc 0 - 1 5 mg/kg trong lugng co
A. Hai dung dich: NH4CI, CuClj themdt ngay. N h u vay, m6t ngudfi nang 60kg, trong m6t ngay c6 the' diang
lugng chat nay t6'i da la ,
B. Ba dung dich: NH4CI, MgCl2, CuClj
^ A. 12 mg B. 1500mg C. lOmg D. 900mg
C. B6n dung dich: NH4CI, AICI3, M g C l j , CUCI2
Haomg ddn gidi
D. Ca 5 dung djch.
M6t ngay, ngudri do (60kg) chi c6 the dung toi da la 60.15 = 900 mg.
... Hu&ng ddn gidi
Dap an dung la D.
N a O H + NH4CI N H 3 1 +NaCl + H2O
Thidu 17: M o t loai than da c6 chua 2% luu huynh diing cho mot nha may nhiet
K h i mui khai dien. Neu nha may dd't he't 100 ta'n than trong m6t ngay dem thi khdi lugng
2 N a O H + FeCl2 )-Fe(OH)2 i + 2 N a a khi SO, do nha may xa vao khi quyen trong m6t nam la
A. 1420 ta'n B. 1250 ta'n C. 1530 ta'n D. 1460 ta'n
Trang xanh
Hu&ng ddn gidi
3NaOH + AICI3 )• A l ( O H ) 3 4^ +3NaCl
Trang keo S + O,
A l (OH)3 + N a O H > A l O j + 2H2O Khoi lugng luu huynh trong 100 ta'n than da 2% luu huynh la 2 ta'n.
Khoi lugng SO, tao thanh la 4 ta'n trong 1 ngay dem.
2NaOH + MgClj > M g ( O H ) 2 i +2NaCl Trong 1 nam nha may nay da xa vao khi quye'n 1460 ta'n SO,.
Trang Dap an diing la D.
2 N a O H + CUCI2 >Cu(OH)2 + 2NaCl Thi du 18: K h i nghien cihi m&u da't cua mot lang nghe tai che' chi, ngu6i ta da
Xanh xac dinh dugc ham lugng chi trong bun va trong da't nhu sau:
=> Nhan bid't duoc ca 5 dung dich. Thurtir Mû nghien cihi Ham lugmg Pb^" (ppm)
Dap an dung la D. 1 MSu bun chira nuac thai Sc quy 2166,0
Thi du 15: Theo tinh toan, nam 2000 ca nu6c ta tiû thu lucmg nhien l i f u tucfng 2 MSu da't nai na'u chi 387,6
ducmg 1,5 trieu ta'n dSu va thai vao m6i trucmg khoang 113700 ta'n khi CO,. 3 MSu dat gi&a canh ddng 125,4
Trong 1 ngay luomg nhien lidu tidu thu tuong duong vdi kh6'i lucmg Ain va 4 MSu da't gSn noi na'u chi 2911,4
lugng k h i CO2 thai vao m 6 i trucmg Ik
A. 0,003 trieu ta'n dû, 200 ta'n CO, B. 0,004 trifeu ta'n ddu, 311 ta'n CO,
nghien cihi tren, mSu da bj 6 nhiem chi la
C. 0,005 trieu ta'n dgu, 415 ta'n CO, D. 0,012 trieu ta'n dgu, 532 ta'n CO,.
A. MSu 1,4. B. MSu 2, 3. C. M 5 u l , 2 . D. C a 4 m a u .
Huong ddn gidi
Hudng ddn gidi
Trong 1 ngay, ca nude ta tieu thu trung binh trong s6' ta'n dSu la:
1, 5 trieu ta'n/365 ngay = 0,004 trieu ta'n/ngay. Ca 4 mau dat, bun deu c6 ham lugng chi vugt qua 100 ppm ca 4 mSu deu bi
6 nhiem chi.
Trung binh 1 ngay, ca nu6c ta thai vao m6i trucmg khoang: •
Dap an diing la D.
lI2Z22.3U.inCO,.
365
Ddp i d l i n g la B.
ca7
fhi du 19- Khi SO. do cac nha mdy sinh ra la nguyfin nhan quan trong nhat gay
6 nhiim moi trucmg. Tieu chu^n qu6'c te' quy djnh nfeu lirong SO. vuot qua MgCl,, ZnCK, AlCI,, FeCK, KCI bang phuong phap hoa hoc, c6 t h i dung
30 10' mol/m' kh6ng khi thi coi la kh6ng khi 6 nhiSm. Ne'u ngucn ta lay 50 A. dung djch NaOH B. dung dich N H ,
lit khdng khi a mot thanh ph6' va phan tich c6 0,0012 mg SO. thi kh6ng khf C. dung dich Na.CO, D. guy tim.
do CO b i 6 nhilm kh6ng? . * '•*•'•" Ha&ngddngidi ; J I V H O L W 1,",
Hu&ng ddn gidi A-r w Diing dung djch NHj du : i,<>i •

I Mu6'n ke't luan kh6ng khi a d6 thj do c6 bj 6 nhidm hay kh6ng phai so sanh Nhan ra M g Q . do tao ke't tua trang Mg(OH),:
n6ng d6 SO. do duoc cua thanh ph6' do vdi chuin quy djnh qu6c td'. MgCl. + 2 N H 3 + 2 H . O •MgCOH).! +2NH4a »'
- Tmh n6ng do SO. do duoc b thanh ph6': Nhan ra Z n Q , do tao ke't tua sau do tan do tao phiJc: . • i.tsi ' ; '
0,0012mg SO. = 12. 10' gam SO..
ZnCl. + 2NH3 + 2H.O > Z n ( O H ) . i + 2NH4a .1 ^ ' > •
! ( S6 mol SO. = ' ^ ' ^ (moOSO. Zn(OH). + 4NH3 > [Zn(NH3)4](OH). (tan)
i„ ' 6 4 ^ Nhan ra FeCl. tao ke't tua trang hoi xanh ciia Fe(OH)., nû lie nhe chuy^n tir
N6ng d6 mol/m' SO. ciia thanh ph6': trang hoi xanh sang nau do cua Fe(OH)3:
12.1000.10-^ 3.10-\ : mif^V FeClj + 2 N H 3 + 2 H 2 O • Fe(OH)2 i + 2NH4CI
w = (mol/m) *
64.50 8
(trying xanh)
- So vdrj tieu chuin qu6'c te' quy djnh, lucmg SO. cua thanh ph6' chira virot qua,
khong khi 6 do khong bj 6 nhiem. 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O > 4Fe(OH)3 i : '
Thi du 20: Co cac dung djch khdng mau dirng trong cac lo rieng biet, khdng (trang xanh) (nSu do) v •>
dan nhan: ZnS04, MgCNOj)., A1(N03)3. Di phAn biet cac dung djch tren, c6 Nhan ra A i a 3 do tao ke't tua keo:
the' dung AICI3 + 3NH3 + 3H.O > Al(OH)3 + 3NH4CI , ,
A. quy tim B. dung djch NaOH
Dung djch con lai la dung djch K Q
C. dung djch Ba(OH), D. dung djch BaCl.
Dap an dung la B . ^,
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Thidu 22: De' phan biet 2 dung djch Na.C03 va Na.SO, c6 the'chi cdn dung
Dung Ba(OH)., cho Ba(OH). vko 3 dung djch trdn: i A. dung djch HCl B.nudcbrom
- Nhan ra ZnS04 do liic ddu xua't hien ke't tua triing, sau do m6t phdn ke't tua tan C- dung djch Ca(OH). D. dung dich H.SO4
trong Ba(OH), du: Hu&ng ddn gidi
J Ba(OH). +ZnS04 > Zn(OH).i +BaS04| Na,S03 lam mat mau nude Br., con Na.COj thi kh6ng.
Ba(OH).,d.) + Zn(OH), > BaZnO. + 2H.O Na.S03 + Br, + H.O > Na,S04 + 2HBr
- Nhan ra MgCNO,). do xuaft hiSn ke't tua trSng: Dap an diing la B .
Mg(N03). + Ba(OH). > Mg(OH), i + BaCNOj). Thidi^ 23.'Ph6ng thi nghiem bj 6 nhiem boi khf do. Dung chat nao sau day c6
- Chat con lai la A1(N03)3, liic ddu xua't hien ke't tua trSng sau do ke't tua tan trong I the khu duoc clo m6t each tuong d6'i an toan?
Ba(OH). du: A. Dung djch NaOH loang. B. Dung khi NH, hoSc dung dichNH,
2A1(N03)3 + 3Ba(OH), >• 2 A l ( O H ) 3 1 + 3Ba(N03)2 . C. Dung khiH,S. D. Dung khf CO..
2Al(OH)3 + Ba(OH).(d„, > BaCAlOj)^ + 4H2O Hu&ng ddn gidi

Khf NH3 hoac dung djch N H , khir clo nho phan ung hoa hoe :
DapandiinglaC.
8NH3 + 3CI, -> N , + 6NH4CI
Dap an diing la B .
C I O
Thi du 24: De' phan bi6t cac dung dich: Z n C l , , MgCU, GaGl, va AICI3 dung Thi du 26: Co the dung chat nao sau day de phan biet cac dung djch: BaQ,,
trong cac lo rifing biet c6 th^ dung Na^SO^, MgS04, ZnCl„ K N O , va KHCO,?
A . dung dich N a O H va dung dich N H v A. K i m loai natri. B. Dung djch HCl.
B. quy tim C. K h i CO,. D. Dung djch Na^CO,
C. dung dich N a O H va dung dich Na.COv Hu&ng ddn gidi
D . natri tcim loai.
Dung k i m loai natri. Cho Na vao cac dung djch: MgS04 tao kd't tiia, Z n C l , tao
Hu&ng ddn gidi ket tua sau do tan: 0 . , •)
Lin luot cho N H , phan iJng v6i 4 dung djch tren, nhan ra ZnCK do xua't hifin ke't
2Na + 2 H , 0 > 2NaOH + H : t •
tua, sau do ket tiia tan trong N H , du:
MgS04 + 2NaOH > M g ( O H ) , i + Na,S04
Z n Q , + 2NH, + 2 H , 0 > Zn{OW). i + 2NH4CI
Z n C l : + 2NaOH > Z n ( O H ) , i + 2NaCl •
Zn(OH), + 4 N H , > ZnfNHÛOH):
u3 Nhan ra CaCl, do kh6ng tha'y da'u hidu phan ung. Z n ( O H ) , + 2NaOH > Na,ZnO, + 2 H , 0 -
Hai dung dich con lai la MgCl^va A l C l , dû xua't hien kd't tua: Diing dung djch MgS04 cho vao 4 dung djch con lai: BaCU tao ket tua:
M g C i , + 2 N H , + 2 H : 0 — > M g ( O H ) , i + 2NH4CI MgS04 + BaCK > BaSO, i + MgCK

Cho dung djch B a d , vao 3 dung djch con lai: Na2S04 tao ke't tua: '
AlCl, + 3NH, + 3H,0 > A l ( O H ) , i + 3NH4Ci
De phan biet hai dung dich MgCl2va A I Q , ta cho hai ke't tua tr^n phan ung voi BaCl, + Na,S04 > BaSO.i + 2NaCl
dung dich N a O H , kd't tua nao tan thi dung dich do la AICI3, dung dich con lai la Cho dung djch BaCK vao dung djch K H C O , va K N O , (sau khi da cho Na):
MgCK: , K H C O , tao ket tua, con lai la K N O , :
w
AKOH), + NaOH > N a A l O , + 2H3O KHCO, ) K,CO, "^'"^'^ > B a C O , i :;
Dap an diing la A . Dap an diing la A .
Thi du 25: De' phan biet cac dung djch: Na.SO,, Na.CO,, NaHCOj va NaHSO, JChi du 27: Trong so cac nguon nang luong sau day, nhom cac nguon nang
dung trong cac lo rieng biet, c6 th6 dung " luong nao dugc coi la nang lugng "sach" ?
A . axit H Q va nude brom. B. nu6c v6i trong va nude brom A . Dien hat nhan, nang lugng thiiy trieu
C. dung djch CaCK va nu6c brom D. nuoc v6i trong va axit H Q B. Nang luong gio, nang lugng thuy trieu
Hu&ng ddn gidi C. Nang lugng nhiet dien, nang lugng dja nhiet
- Dung dung djch CaCU phan bi^t duoc hai nhom: nhom Na^SO, va Na^COj tao D. Nang lugng mat trai, nang lugng hat nhan.
ket tiia , nhom NaHCO, va NaHSO, khdng tao ke't tiia. Hu&ng ddn gidi
CaCl, + Na.SO, > CaSO, i + 2NaCl Ngu6n nang lugng sach g6m, nang lugng thiiy dien; nang lugng gio; nang lugng
CaCK + Na.COj > CaCO, i + 2NaCl mat tr6i; nang lugng dja nhiet; nang lugng thuy trieu,...
- Q i o m6i dung djch trong timg nhom vao nu6c brom : nhan ra NaHSO, do lam Dap iin dung la B.
mat mau nuoc brom, NaHCO, kh6ng lam mat mau nu6c brom: Thidu 28: Trong so cac vat lieu sau, vat lieu nao c6 ngu6n gdc hiJu co?
NaHSO, + Br: + H2O — > NaHS04 + 2HBr |t A . gom, su- B. xi mSng C. chat deo D. dat set nan
N h o m con lai: Na^SO, lam mat mau nuoc brom, N a : ^ , kh6ng: Hu&ng ddn gidi
Na.SO, + Br, + H , 0 > Na.SO, + 2HBr Trong s6' cac vat lieu tren, chat deo dugc t6ng hgp nen tir cac monome hihi co, vi
du nhu PVC dugc t6ng hgp nen tir vinyl clorua, PE dugc t6ng hgp tir etilen,...
Dap an dung la C.
Dap an diing la C.
i t i i r i u u t inui giui iiiimi
Thi du 29: Ngucri hiit thudc la nhiû thuomg mac cac benh nguy hi^m vi ducmg MUC LUC
h6 ha'p. Chat gay hai chu yeu c6 trong thu6'c la 1^
A. becberin B. nicotin C. axit nicotinic D. mocphin C. K i T H U A T G I A I N H A N H \t 7 CHUY£N H O A \6 C O
Hu&ng ddn giai CHUVfiN D£ 1. KT t h u a t g i a i n h a n h c a c d a n g b a i tap ve h a l o g e n 3
Nicotin (C,oH|4N,) c6 nhiû trong khoi thu6'c la. Trong khoi thu6c la c6 tdi 22 A. L i thuygt 3
4 chat doc C O the gSy ung thu kh6ng nhOng cho ngucri hiit ma ca nhihig nguoi B. Cac dang bai tap trong de thi tuyd'n sinh D H - CD 9
xung quanh cung bi anh huong. C. Bai tap t6ng hop \i halogen 54
Dap an dung la B.
C H U Y E N D£ 2:
Thi du 30: Hien tuong trai da't nong \tn do hiû ling nha kinh chu yd'u la do chat
K I t h u a t g i a i n h a n h c a c d a n g b a i tap ve n h o m oxi - l i m h u y n h 66
nao sau day?
A. K h i c l o . B. K h i cacbonic A . L i thuyfe't 66
C. K h i cacbon oxit D. K h i hidro clorua. B. Cae dang bai tap trong de thi tuyen sinh D H - C D 72
Hu&ng ddn giai C. Bai taptdng hop 113
Hidn tuong trai da't nong \tn do hi6u ling nha kinh chu yeu la do khi cacbonic CO,. CHUYEN DE 3:
Dap an diing la B. K T t h u a t g i a i n h a n h c a c d a n g b a i tap v^ n h o m N i t o - P h o t p h o 127
Thi du 31: M u a axit chu yeu la do nhung chat sinh ra trong qua trinh san xua't A. L i t h u y ^ 127
c6ng nghiep nhung khdng duoc xix l i triet de. Do la nhOng chat nao sau day? B. Cac dang bai tap trong d^ thi tuy^n sinh D H - CD 134
A. SO,, N O , B. H,S, C I , C. N H „ HCl D. CO,. SO, C . Bai tap t6ng hop 241
Hu&ng ddn giai C H U Y E N f)t 4:
C&c khi nay gap mua tao thanh axit:
KT t h u a t g i a i n h a n h c a c d a n g b a i tap ve n h o m C a c b o n - S i l i c 251
2 S 0 , + O, 2SO,
A. L i thuyet 251
^ SO, + H , 0 H,S04 B. Cac dang bai tap trong di thi tuyen sinh D H - CD 253
2NO + 0 , - > 2 N 0 , C. Bai tap tdng hop 286
4 N O , + O, + 2 H , 0 - > 4HNO3
CHUYEN DE 5:
Dap an diing la A.
KT t h u a t giai n h a n h c a c d a n g b a i tap ve k i m loai k i e m , k i e m thd, n h o m . . 300
Thidu 32: Nguyen nhan cua su suy giam tdng ozon chu yd'u la do
A. khi CO, B. mua axit A. L i thuyet 300
B. Cac dang bai tap trong d^ thi tuyen sinh D H - CD 304
C. clo va cac hop chat cua clo. D. qua trinh san xuat gang thep
C. Bai tap tong hop 386
Hu&ng ddn giai
CHUYfiNDle: ' il
Clo hop chat ciia clo la nguydn nhan chii ydu gay ntn suy giam ting ozon:
KT t h u a t giai n h a n h c a c d a n g b a i tap ve C r o m - S a t - D o n g 402
- Clo va hop chat ciia clo trong khi quya'n dd tao ra g6c t u do:
A. L i t h u y d 402
a, — ^ 2 c r , B. Cac dang bai tap trong de thi tuydn sinh D H - CD 415
CFCI3 — ^ ' C F C l , + CI*, C. Bai tap tong hop 522
- Gefc t u do tac dung vdi ozon: C I * + O3 Ô, + "OCl; C H U Y E N D E 7: kT t h u a t g i a i n h a n h c a c d a n g bai tikp ve n h a n biet - c h u a n
Do do lam giam luong ozon, gay hien tucmg suy giam ozon tao ra cac 16 thdng do d u n g d i c h - h o a h o c \6i c a c v a n de k i n h te, x a hoi v a m o i truomg 529
ciia tdng ozon. 1. L i thuyet van dung va phuong phap giai 529
Dap an diing la C . 2. Cac thi du minh hoa 531
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Ky Thuat Moi Giai Nhanh Bai Tap Hoa Hoc Tap 2 Hoa Hoc Vo Co

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Ky Thuat Moi Giai Nhanh Bai Tap Hoa Hoc Tap 2 Hoa Hoc Vo Co

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546.

NHA XUAT B A NDAI H O C Q U O C GIA H AN O I

+ OF.+ao 3a, + 6K0H

Tinh axit Manh hom Manh hon

Nudrc Javen C l o r u a vol M u o i k a l i clorat

Ca(C103)2 + 2KC1 M ^ : Khd'i luong mol chat A (gam)

2. Cac t h i d u m i n h hoa: 6,03

loai R la M g . V i Mz„ = 65 > 56,67 => Mx < 56,67 (1)

Fe + 2Ha > FeCl2 + H2

PTPU': N a X + A g N 0 3 -> A g X i + N a N O j Dap an diing la C. •>

0,1 -> 0,1 3. Cac bai tap t u l u y e n :

CI ( M = 35,5) A.Fe B.Zn C. Cu D. A g

Vay mei2 =71.a = 14,2(gam). %m(KF) = — x l O O % =34,17%. ' "

1. L i thuy^'t v$n dung va phuong phap glai: T a c 6 : 2 3 2 x + 64.3x = 4 2 , 4 = > x = 0 , l

ling oxi hoa - khir). = > n c u ( d . , - 0 . 1 - 3 - 0 , 1 - 0 , 2 (mol)

2. C a c thi du minh hoa: .; =>x + y + l , 5 z - 0 , 0 7 (2)

HKOH = 8- "ocb = 8- 0,01 = 0,08 (mol) v

Cr + 2 H a > C r a , + HjT = 1,5. x = 0,15 =>x = 0,1 (mol).

0,2 0,2 (mol) * X + HNO3

A.0.75M. B.0.5M. C. I M . D. 0.25M. X -> x -> x (mol)

Phuong trinh phan ung: KOH + H Q > K Q + HjO 2A1 + 6HC1-).2A1C13+3H2 t

2A1 + 3Cl2 2AICI3 Conlai: 0,2 0 0,4

Sodd: MCL -)-M"++nCr TO (1, 2) vao (3) duoc: m = 67,5.0,1+ 158,5.0,15=30,525(gam)

f)iiu ch6 cac hop chat c6 oxi ciia clo:

0 2 + Ca(OH)2(b«„ > CaOClj + H2O

H2,ic,+ Cl2„, — ! - ^ 2 H a , k , ^ n g nghifim 3 , 4 \in lupt la Na2C03, Z n Q j .

Hu&ng ddn gidi 1 mol 1 mol . ,

HCl + C3H5OH — ^ C2H5CI + H2O

C. Dung djch H N O 3 . D . Dung djch N a O H . D i p an dung la A .

Hu&ng ddn gidi

4HC1 + M n 0 2 M n C l 2 + CI2 + 2H2O A. Fe + KNO3 + 4HC1 FeCl3 + KCl + NO + 2H,0

=> c6 2 phan irng (phan ling vdi k i m loai A l , Fe) Taco:

3) CH3CH2CH2NH2 + H C l > CHjCHjCHjNHaQ SiOj + 4 H F S i F 4 t + 2H2O

c) Z n va Cu ( 1 : 1); d) Fe2(S04)3 va Cu ( 1 : 1) c. K I + O3 + H2O ^ d. K I + H2O2 ->•

A. 3 B. 2 C. 5 D.4 Nhutig phan ling hoa hoc tao ra san phdm I ^ la

d) Fe2 ( 5 0 4 ) 3 + ^" ^ CuSO^ + 2FeS04 8) 6Kl + K 2 C r 2 0 7 + 7 H 2 S 0 4 - > 3 l 2 + 4 K 2 S 0 4 + C r 2 ( S 0 4 ) 3 + 7 H 2 0

Co 3 cap chA thoa man. Dap an diing m e . ^ , /

0 -2 0 -I CaC03 •^^•"^g^"^ ) CaO + CO2 ' •

=> Co 4 phat bie'u diing. Hu&ng ddn gidi

Hudmg ddn gidi Hu&ng ddn gidi

2KBr + H2S04,<,j,) — ^ K2SO4 + 2HBr (1) HHCI = 2. 0,3 = 0,6 (mol)

Gia sir k i m loai phan ling hat - > n H * phan ufng = 3x + 2y

- Didu cha' H F : K F + H2SO4 — ^ KHSO4 + H F T A1+-a,-> AICI3

r58,5a +103b + 150c = 5,76 2AgN03 + Mg -> MgCNOj), + 2Agi

20- - 4e O, 2Cr' - 2e CI2.

S + SF, > SFg T i c d u i i g ^ Tao ra 2 loai mu6'i: Tao ra mud'i sunfat:

SO, + 2FeCl3 + H2O >

- 4 F e S 2 + IIO2 — ^ - H2S04.nS03 — ^ XSO3

2KNO3 — ^ 2 K N 0 2 + O2 T (Y) Hu&ng ddn gidi

3. 0,29 < 0,29 (mol) an/2 a

- Phuomg phap bao toan khoi Iirong. nit gon:

Hudmg dan giai

(Trich de thi tuyen sink DH khdi B nam 2013) =>n _ = 2 n H - 2 . 0 , 0 2 4 = 0,048(mol)

X + Oj: 4A1 + 3O2 — ^ 2AI2O3 (Trich de thi tuyen sinh DH khoi B)

Vay = 0,175. 22,4 = 3,92 (lit). 2Fe304 + IOH2SO4 - > 3 F e 2 ( 8 0 4 ) 3 + S O 2 ^^^^2'^

Dap an dung la A . 2Fe(OH)2 + 4H2SO4 Fe2 ( 8 0 4 ) 3 + ^ +6H2O

Sn + O . ) SnO, MnOj), KMn04, K N O 3 va AgNO,. Chat tao ra luong O j it nha't la

Mg + H2SO4 - ) . MgS04 + H2 2KMn04 —^K2Mn04+Mn02+02

i X -> x -> x 100 50

Soddxayra: O2 — ^ 2 ' o ( o x i t ) ^ ^ ^ ->2H20 x + y=0,04

=>n_2 =0,2.2 =0,4 (mol) = ^ « 0 2 = x + -^ = 0,01 + ^ = 0,025 (mol)

Hu&ng ddn gidi

[ Ba + 2H2O > Ba(OH)2 + H2

' ' H* + OH > H2O Dap an diing la D.