Unitary Method Unitary method is a fundamental tool to solve arithmetic problems based on variation in quantities. The method endorses a simple technique to find the amoun, related to unit quantity. This method can be applied in questions based on time and work, speed and distance, work and wages etc. Direct Proportion Two quantities are said to be in direct proportion to each other, if on increasing (decreasing) a quantity, the other quantity also increases (decreases) to the same extent. ie. (Quantity 1) « (Quantity 2) c.g. Number of men « Volume of work done (time constant) i.e., if number of men increases, then the volume of work done also increases. Similarly, if volume of work increases, then number of men required to finish the |, work also increases, Example 1 If the price of 8 bananas is % 40, then find out the price of 12 bananas. Sol. «Price of 8 bananas = % 40 Price of 1 banana = 2 Price of 12 bananas = 2 x12=5 x12 =% 60 Alternate Method Let the price of 12 bananas be ® x. More bananas ; More cost (Direct proportion) a 8:12::40:x => 8 xx =12 x40 12. x40 es 8 > =%60 ‘ample 2 Ramesh walks 160 m # everyday, how many kilometres will “he walk in 4 weeks? "gol. Given, 1 day walk =160 m “Total days= 4 x7 = 28 days ence, total walking distance = 28 «160 = 4480.m = 4.480 km [- 1. km =1000 m] ample 3 If 15 chains cost % 234, then ‘how much do 70 chains cost? Gol. Let cost of 70 chains be ® x. ‘More chains : More cost (Direct proportion) 15:70: 234:x = Gt x70 =78 x14 =% 1092 Adirect Proportion IWo quantities are said to be in indirect foportion to each other, if on increasing lecreasing) a quantity, the other quantity 4 reases (increases) to the same extent. (Quantity 1) « iS (Quantity 2) } The time taken by a vehicle in ‘eting a certain distance is inversely portional to the speed of the vehicle. 1 Speed « —— Pe Time ‘ample 4 If Karan travels at a speed of 60 km/h and covers a distance in 9h, then how much time will he take to travel the same distance at a Speed of 90 km/h? Sol. -: Speed = Distance ime or Distance = Speed x Time Given, speed = 60 km/h, time = 9h Distance = 60 x9 =540 km Now, to cover the same distance at speed of 90 km/h. Time taken = Distance _ 540 _ Speed 90 Alternate Method Let the time taken to cover the distance = x More speed : Less time (Indirect 6h proportion) 60:90:x29 = 60:52 90 9 60 x9 OXPae 90 x=6h Important Formulae = IfM, persons can do W, work in D, days and M, persons can doW, work in D, days, then we have a general formula, MDW, =M,D,W,. « If we include working hours (says T, and T,) for the two groups, then the relationship is M,D.W,T, = M2D.W,T, Example 5 If the wages of 12 men for 30 days be @ 4200, then find out the wages of 18 men for 24 days. Sol, Let the required wages be ® x. More men : More wages (Direct proportion) ; Less'days : Less wages (Direct proportion) Men 12: 18 Py 4200's x Days 30: 24 => = 12x30 xx =18 x24 x 4200 x= 8 x 24 x 4200 = 5040 12x30 =, Required wages = % 5040Alternate Method ie. M, =12,D, =30,W, = 4200 MDW, = MDM 12x30 x W, =18 x24 x 4200 18 x 24 x 4200 = 1S eee Nee =85040 ~ 2°42. x30 Example 6 If 30 men working 18 h per day can reap a field in 32 days, in how many days can 36 men reap the field working 16 h per day? Sol. Let the required number of days be x. More men : Less days (Indirect proportion) Less hours : More days (Indirect proportion) Men 36 : 30 Hours perday 16:18 [ "52? => 36x16 xx =30 x18 x32 30 x18 x = seer ra «. Required number of days = 30 Alternate Method Here, My =30, Dy =32h, T, =18, M, = 36, Ty=16h MDT = MDsTy 130 x32 x18 = 36 x16 xD, 30 x32x18 5 Da 56 x6 =30 days Practice Exercise Part A: 5 Marks Based Questions 1. If cost of 24 oranges is € 72, then find out the cost of 120 oranges. 2. If 16 dozens bananas cost ¥ 360, then how many bananas can be bought in % 60? 3. A worker makes a toy in every 2 h. If he works for 80 h, then how many toys will he make? 4. If 45 m of a uniform rod weighs 17] kg, then what will be the weight of 12 m of the same rod? 5. Maganlal, a worker, makes an article in every Fs h. If he works for 7 ; h, then how many articles will he make? 6. If 2/5th quintal of rice costs is 180, what will be the cost of 4/6th quintal of rice. [June 2011] 7. If 15 men can do a piece of workin 14 day, in how many days can 7 men do the same work? [June 2011} 8. If 36 men can complete a work in 24 days, how many extra men. be employed so as to complete the work in 18 days? [June 30131 9. 12 men can do a piece of work io 24 days. How many days are D' to complete the work, if 8 men are engaged in the same work? 10. Shantanu completes 5/8 of ajo” 20 days. At this rate, how many more days will he take to finis the job?‘Unitary Method 30 men can build 56 m long wall in6 days. What length of a similar wall can be built by 70 men in 3 days? 2b 2 en can complete a job in 16 days. In how many days, will 32 men complete that job? 1f the wages of 15 labourers for 6 days are € 7200, find the wages of 23 labourers of 5 days. [June 2014] w s . Wasim builds a chair in 4 days working 6 h a day. How many hours per day should he work if he wants to build the chair in 3 days? [June 2015) 45. If 30 men working 9 h per day can reap a field in 16 days, in how many days will 36 men reap the field working 8 h per day? 4 garrison of 1000 men had Provisions for 48 days. However, a ‘einforcement of 600 men @trived. How long will now food last for? "Ina camp, there is sufficient Fation for 300 soldiers for 36 days. How many soldiers should leave the camp so that the same Tations may last for 45 days? 2011] ey Part B :10 Marks Based Questions 1. If 12 persons working 16 h per day earn % 33600 per week, then how much will 18 persons earn working 12h per day? 2. If 10 spiders can catch 10 flies in 10 min, then how many flies can 200 spiders catch in 200 min? 3. If 3 men or 4 women can earn 2 240 in a day, find out how much will 7 men and 11 women earns in 6 days? [June 2013} 4. If 2 men or 3 boys take 40 days to do a certain piece of work, how long will 4 men and 9 boys working together take to complete the same work? [June 2015] 5S. 10 men and 8 women can together complete a work in 5 days. Work done by a woman is equal to the half of the work done by a man. In how many days, will 4 men and 6 women complete that work? 6. If 12 men or 18 women can do a piece of work in 14 days, then how Jong will 8 men and 16 women take to finish the work? 7, 8 men can complete a work in 12 days, 4 women can complete it in 48 days and 10 children can complete the same work in 24 days. In how many days can 10 men, 4 women and 10 children complete the same work?Hints and Solutions Part A; 5 Marks Based Solutions 1.» Cost of 24 oranges © 72 Cost of 1 orange £.Cost of 120 oranges = 54 = 3x120=% 360 Alternate Method Let the required cost be & x. More oranges : More c [direct proportion] 24::120:: 72: 360 @. Let the required number of bananas be x, 16 dozens bananas =16 x12=192 bananas Less banana: 'S COSt [direct proportion} 360: 60::19. 60 x 192 360 3. Let number of toys be x. More hours : More toys [direct proportion] = 32 bananas 2:80:1:x = x= 2 -4010ys Weight of 45 m rod =171 kg 171 Weight of 1 m rod = —— kj ight of 45 8 <. Weight of 12 m rod a7! 122 45.6 kg 45 Alternate Method Let the required weight be x kg. Less length : Less weight [direct proportion] 5. In : hy Lartlele is made, 3 “In Th, © articles are made. 3 de. sin(7) M313 ye aes articles are made, Required artic Cost of 2th quintal of rice =® 180 5 «Cost of I quintal of rice = aoe) x5 =% 450 2 “Cost of ah quintal of rice 15 men can do the work in 14 days #1: man will do it in 15.14 days. + Tmen will do it in 2 a = 30days 8. 36:364 «2:18:24 [indirect proportion} => (36+ x) x18 = 36x24 => 648+ 18x = 864 ae 18x = 216 => x=12 12 men can do the work in 24 days. 1 man will do it in 24 x12 days. 24 x12 +. 8 men will do it in = 3odays. Alternate Method Let the required number of days be * Less men : More days [indirect proportion] 8:12:24 36 days 10. Let the required number of days be * a8 --Remaining work = Less work : Less days [direct proportion](Unitary Method ¥=12days ‘Alternate Method eo 2 work is done in 20 days. = Lwork will be done in 20x8 x8 _ 32 days. «. Required number of days to complete the work = (32 — 20) =12 days IL. Let the required length be x m. ‘More men : More length [direct proportion] Less days : Less length [direct proportion] man will do the work in 16 x 22 days. -. 32 men will do the job in 16 x22 - days. 32 o Required number of days 1622 11 days 13, M, =15, D, = 6 W, =%7200 M, = 23, D, = 5; W, =? By formula, M, xD, _ M)xD2 mw WwW, 15x6 _ 23x5 7200. W, => ee Ld 90 W, =% 9200 4. D, =4,H, =6W,=1 Dy =3,Hy =x, W,=1 @ By formula, D, xH, _ Dy xHy 4x6 3xx Aixm = Tee est W, W, ie es x=8h 15. Let the required number of days be x. More men : Less days [indirect proportion} Less hours : More days [indirect proportion} Men EP eee Hours/day 8:9 B68 xx) = (309 x16) > 1 O22 wsdays 16. «: For 1000 men, provision lasts for 48 days. For I man, provision lasts for (48 x1000 days. For (1000 + 600) men, provision 48 x1000 4. 1600 <. Required number of days = 481000 _ 5 10 =30 1600 17. 300: 300-x::45:36 [indirect proportion] => (300-x)x45=300x36 => 13500-45x =10800 > will last for x=60 Required soldiers = 60 Part B:10 Marks Based Solutions 1. ‘Let the required earnings be ® x. ‘More persons : More earnings [direct proportion] Less hours per day : Less earnings [direct proportion] Persons 12:18 } Hours per day 16:12 2. (2 x16 x4) = (UB X12 x 33600) 18 x12 x 33600 11 33600 : x = x=" 72x16 = =18x2100 =% 378002. Let the required number of flies be x. ‘More spiders: More flies (Direct proportion) More time: More flies (Direct proportion) Spiders 10:200] yg. y Time 10: 200 10 x10 x x) = (200 x 200 x10) _ 200 x 200 x10 10x10 = 4000 flies . 3 men=4 women 4 Liman =" women 28 7 men = women 4 women can earn ina day = 240 1 woman can earn in a day =% 60 (2+ :) 61 7 +11 =| women can earn in a 3 3 61 day = 60x— ¥ 3 saa +: Tmen = women 61 . 3 women can earn in a 6 days =1220x6=f 7320 |, 2men = 3 boys 3 1 man == boys 2 ys 4.men = 6boys -- 3 boys take 40 days. 1 boy take 120 days. (6+ 9=)15 boys take 2 = 8days. [-- 4:men = 6 boys] 1 man =2women 10 men + 8 women = 20 women + 8 women = 28 women 4men + 6 women = 8 women + 6 women = 14women «+ 28 women do the work in 5 days. 1 woman can do the same work in (28 x5) days. :, 14 women will do the same work in 8 x ;) 7 14 " . Required number of days _ 28x5 4 =2x5=10 6. 12 men=18women =e Iman=28 womens 3w . =— ns = an = 3 women smen=2 x 8=12women ¢. 8men + 16 women 12 women + 16 women 8 women -» 18 women can do the work in 14 days. :. 1 woman can do the same work in (14 x18) days. :, 28 women will do the same work in 14 x18) (x8 418) aa days. 28 -. Required number of days _ 14x18 | : 28 7. 1 man can finish the work in (812) . = 96 days 1 woman can finish the work in (4 «48) =192days 1 child can finish the work in (10x24) = 240 days 1 51 day’ ae 1 man’s 1 day's work = 1 1 woman's 1 day’s work = i I child’s 1 day’s work = a (10 inen + 4 women +:10 children)’s 1 day's work 1 Hence, they will finish the work in 6 days.