He hypothesized that an atom is a solid

sphere that could not be divided into smaller

particles. He came up with his theory as a
result of his research into gases. He realized
that certain gases  only combined in specific
proportions.

John Dalton 1803

In Thomson’s model, the atom is composed of
electrons surrounded by a soup of positive
charge to balance the electrons’ negative
charges, like negatively charged “plums”
surrounded by positively charged “pudding”.

1904
J.J. Thompson

Well-known gold foil experiment in which he

demonstrated that the atom has a tiny and heavy
nucleus. Rutherford designed an experiment to
use the alpha particles emitted by a radioactive
element as probes to the unseen world
of atomic structure.

Ernest Rutherford 1911

 Bohr Model is a planetary model in which the
negatively-charged electrons orbit a small, positively
charged nucleus similar to the planets orbiting the
Sun(except that the orbits are not planar). The Bohr
Model is a modification of the earlier Rutherford
Model, some people call it the Rutherford-Bohr
Model. 

Neils Bohr 1913

 The quantum mechanical model does not

define the exact path of an electron,  but rather,
predicts the odds of the location of the electron.
This model  can be  portrayed as a nucleus
surrounded by an electron cloud.

Erwin Schrödinger 1926