PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM ani2i2016 ‘A Co-60 source has a disintegration rate of 20 x 10° disintegrations per second, The source activity 7.95 years from now will be: 1.601 b. 196i © 37Ci d. 806i Study Guide Page 3 and form of formula 12. 2. Given Table 1 and Figure 1, approximately what exposure would be required at 8 ‘MeV to radiograph 2.08 inches of uranium on Film 2? Less than 0.05 minutes 80 seconds 1 minute 6 minutes 20 minutes Formula 7 (Figure 1 Similar to graph in MeMasters 23.12) 8. Given Table 1 and Figure 1, what would be the exposure for 10 inches of Inconel at 8 feet SFO on Film 1 at 8 MeV? Less than 1 minutes 5 minutes 26 minutes: Formula 7 and 6 (Figure 1 Similar to graph in MeMesters 23.12) 4, Refer to Table 3. The difference between the Group A and Group B results probably. indicates that Group A was shot at ‘than Group B. a. lower KV b. higher KV ©. lower mA . higher mA ‘Shim blocks 93PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM snz2016 '5. Refer to MIL-STD-453 Figures 5 and 6. In order to improve production, a higher activity source is to be purchased. The current source is 1/8 inch by 1/8 inch while the new souree will be 1/8 inch wide by % inch long. When this source is put into production, changes in the radiographic techniques will have to be considered. ‘Which of the following statements is true? ‘2. The exposure times atthe same source fo film distances will be reduced. b. The minimum source to flm distance will increase. ©. Developing times will change withthe new source. 3, Both A and B are true. Mi IL-STD-453 Figures 5 and 6 '6, Refer to Nomograph Figure 2. A part 1.25 inch thick is radiographed and the ‘minimum hole visible is 1/16 inch diameter. Assuming 2% sensitivity was obtained, how thick was the penetrameter? 0.016 inch (0.025 inch (0.0625 inch 1. 0.125 inch 2% = faxeye 7. Refer to Figure 3, A test object with a 5 to 1 thickness ratio transmits 10 times as ‘much X-radiation through the thinner layer as through the thick layer, with radiation scattered within the test material included in these radiation levels. if exposed to provide a flim density of 3.0 in the image of the thinner section, the radiographic density of the image of the thicker section on Ix100 film would be nearest: a b. c d a. 3.0 b. 20 ©. 10 4. 05PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM ani22016 8. Referto Figure 3. From the radiographic film characteristic curve, a change of log relative exposure (on the abscissa) from 3.5 to 1.5 corresponds to a change in Roentgens of fim exposure with a ratio nearest: 100/41 5. 20/1 io an |. Refer to Figure 7. Which source would be most suitable for radiography of stee! ‘sections 10 inches or thicker? aoge 40.Refer to Figure 8. Which setup would allow the least backscatter reach the film? 1" sone Refer to Figure 9. The locations of markers and discontinuity images in the radiograph can be used to determine the depth ofthe discontinuity "x". One figure ‘shows the radiographic setup used to make the radiographs. How far is, discontinuity *X" from the film side of the test object? a. 0.93 inch . 1.65 inch ©. 2.07 inch 4. 6.69 inch RT Habk page 421.23; Formula 3 393PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM ayt22016 12.Referto Figure 10. Ifthe object were centered Inside a 22 foot square (outside dimension) building with concrete 16.25 inches thick, what would be the approximate ‘maximum radiation level on the outside surface of the building? 0.0028 Fn 0.005 ihr 0.0075 F/hr 0.010 Pihr Formulas §, 19 and 12; RT Hdbk (Table of HVLs) page 192 18.Refer to the specification. A 5/8 inch linear discontinuity is in the fusion zone of a 2 inch thick butt weld. Tre discontinuity is parallel to the length of the weld and is located 6 inch from the end of the weld. What would be the proper disposition of the weldment? Acceptable. Rejectable due to the length ofthe inclusion. Fsectable due tothe distance trom the edge of the weldment, Fejectable due to the distance between discontinuities. 4 tay) Weal "14,Refer to the specification, The specication 's applicable to which of the following: . Weldments with an effective throat size of 1.5 inch or less. Allweldments regardless of size. :) Only groove welds in butt joints, ‘This procedure does not specify intended use.PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM ayt22016 15.Refer to the specification. What would be the disposition of a weldment that has a 1 inch effective throat size with 0.25 inch by 0.25 inch area of small porosity separated by 3.5 inch from a % inch long linear indication in the fusion zone? The porosity is 4 inch from the end of the weld. The weld is 1 inch thick and is a total of 15 inches long. a. Acceptable. . Rejectable due to the discontinuities’ distance from the edge of the weld, c. Rejectable due to the distance between the lack of fusion discontinuities. 4. Rejectable due to the distance between the porosity and the lack of fusion, 4 — w eth aL - | i homies 16.n order to utlize the principles of geometric enlargement (placing the firm at a distance from the specimen toward the source), ‘The SOD must be one half the SFD. “The source must be extremely small A magnetic focusing coil must be used near the port of the X-ray tube. ‘The specimen must be of uniform thickness. Formula 2; AT Hdbk 142 17.A major disadvantage of using TLDs in lieu of film badges for personnel dosimeters: is: ‘The TLD Is less sensitive than film below 30 mRem. ‘The TLD is usually very sensitive to moisture. The TLD provides litle information about the incidert radiation. ‘The TLD is much more complex to develop and read, Both A and B. ‘Study Guide page 28, rt top; RT Habk 102, rt col 5/93PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM ei2i2016 18.Whal s the geometric unsharpness ofthe image ofa discontinuity located 0.5 inch {rom the source side surface ofa 4 inch thick test object when radiographed with a 6 ‘mm (0.236 inch) focal spot at 20 inches SFD? 0.010 inch 0.05 inch 0.080 inch 0.040 inch 0.080 inch Formula 1, MeMasters 20.8; AT Hdbk 143-145, 19.Electron emission radiography requires which of the following sources of radiation?” ‘A thermal neutron beam . An epithermal beam hard X-ray beam Asolt X-ray beam aege Kodak Section 14, page 81/97; Kodak page 128 ‘500 kV while al other conditions remain the same, select the cell below that best ascribes the change to the radiograph. act ceraneness > be ec aD A e ° Kodak Section 8 page 3 and 4/1 93PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM ani22016 21. In practical radiography, with only one exception, all exposing radiation is, ppolychromatic. Which of the sources of radiation used is not polychromatio? ‘a. Super voltage X-ray . Thulium 170 ¢. Cosium 137 J. Grenz rays Kodak Section 2, page 9/11; Kodak page 13; McMasters 15.22; Hdbk 73-77 22. The absorption of gamma rays from a given source when passing through matter is ‘dependent on the: ‘a. Atomic number, density, and activity of he gamma ray source. b. Atomic number, density, and thickness of the filters employed. ©. Atomic number, density, and thickness of the specimen, . Inverse square law. Kodak Section 4, page 7/12; Kodak page 26, right col 23.0f the following radioisotopes which has the greatest number of gamma rays? a. Cobalt 60. b. Cesium 137 . Iridium 192 ¢. Thulium 176 . Califomium 252 Kodak Section 2, page 9/11; Kodak page 13, Table 2; Hdbk £24, Fluoroscopic screens are typically coated with phosphors such as zinc sufide or zinc ‘cadmium sulfide, which produce visible yellow-green light with a wavelencth of approximately: 5500, 1500 7500 A 3500 A 2400 A RT Hbk, pag 257; McMasters 19.9 to 19.13; Old Study Guide page 26 right column 1193PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM 12/2016 25.How many Phr could be expected at a flm placed 4 m from Co-60 source after 53 years? The original activity of the source was 100 Cl a. 16.88 Puhr b. 8.44 Ahr ©. 422 Ahr @. 2.11 Ph Kodak Table 2 on page 13; Formula § & use number of ha lives forn in formula 12. 26.A basic difference between a radiograph and a fluoroscopic image is: ‘a. The fluoroscopic image is brighter. b. The fluoroscopic image is more sensitive, cc. The fluoroscopic image is positive whereas the radiographic image is a negative transparency. 4. There is not basic difference between the two images McMasters 24.21 27.Which ofthe following are X-ray and gamma ray characteristics? 1. They are electromagnetic radiations wih energy directly proportional to thelr wavelength. b. They travel in straight lines at the velocity of light, ‘¢, They are invisible, but capable of detection by any of the senses. d. They are capable of penetrating matter, the depth of penetration being dependent on the quantity of radiation. or page 2-8 28.One technique for compensating for a wide variation in subject contrast is to a. Increase the exposure time b. Increase the miliamperage . Increase the radiation energy 4d. Increase the object to fim distance Kodak Section 8, page 3/10; Kodak page 65 right column; Study Guide page 39 493PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM sh2i2016 28.A technique that is commonly used for large diameter pipes whi circumferential weld can be radiographed in one exposure is call by an entire Double wall exposure double wall viewing Double wall exposure single wall viewing A panoramic exposure | An offset exposure ‘Study Guide page 73 80.All other design parameters being equal which ofthe following operates at the highest applied voltage? a. Geiger Muller detector Ionization chamber detector ‘c. Proportional counter detector d. Photomultiplier tube €. All operate at the same voltage ‘Study Guide page 26 and 27; McMasters 16.3. 3 |. Which of the following describes the potential damage to human tissue which could bbe caused by radiation exposure? fa. lon pairs are created in body cells causing damage by ionization b. The basic structure of the body cell breaks down causing damage to the cell ©. The body cells simply lose their abiity to reproduce or may reproduce in an abnormal manner d. All of the above Study Guide page 23 9193PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM arr22016 82,During casting of metal into a mold, cracking sometimes occurs due to the shape ‘and rigidity of the mold and stresses set up during the cooling process which exceed the strength of the matal. These cracks or defects appear in a radiograph as ragged dark ines and may be: a. Core shift b. Cold shuts ©. Hot tears d. Gas holes ‘Study Guide page 108; Materials Hnbk Vol 17, page 349; Q&A Level Ill #274 33. The half value layer of steel for Co-60 is approximately 1 inch, Ifthe radiation level ‘on the source side of 3 inch steel plate is 64 Rihr, the radiation level on the opposite side is: a. 8Ahr b. 21.3 Fnr ©. 10:7 hr d. 32 Phe Forms of formulas 12 and 13 34. In effective half life, what other factor must be considered in addition to the biological half ite? The Xray mA soD Radioactive halflife Source strength EPA Handout 1093PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM eni2/2016 35, Given the radiographic equivalency factors of 1.4 for Incenel and 1.0 for 304 stainless steel, what is the approximate equivalent thickness of Inconel to produce the same exposure as a 0.5 inch thickness of 304 stainless steel? 0.60 inch 0.70 inch 0.36 inch 0.71 inch 0.44 inch eaegp Formula 7 and radiographic equivalency table 36.If, when radiographing a subject material to 2-2T sensitivity the minimum perceptible hole in the penetrameter is 2T, what is the equivalent percent sensitivity (eps) of the radiograph? a 1% b. 1.4% ©. 20% d. 282% ‘Assume patt thickness is a minimum of 0.5 inch. MIL-STO-483 Table 2 '37.Why are vacuum cassettes used to obtain the sharpest possible images when performing radiography with screens of any type? a. To remove the air from inside the cassette. b. For the best screen film contact. ©. To reduce air scatter to a minimum, 4. To increase the electron production from the screens. Kodak Section § page 11/12; Kodak page 37 1193PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM ay12/2016 38, he photoconductor used in xeroradiographic X-ray image systems is: a. Composed of siverhatide grains within a selenium film. b. Ax amorphous, noncrystaline tim of selenium. c. light-emitting phosphor layer adjacent to a photoconductor layer which varies in its electrical resistivity. 1d. None of the above. Study Guide page 27, 2 ed; Materials Hnbk Vol 17 page 315; Vitreous ‘99, Which of the folowing human cell categories is most susceptible to radiation injury? 40. 4 Endothelial Nerve Alveolar Lymphocytes Basal ences ‘Study Guide page 22, right column A penetrameter i usec: ‘a. To measure the size of cavity which can be shown. b. To indicate the qualty of the radiographic technique. ©. To indicate 2% of the material thickness. d. AandB. Study Guide page 42, lft column; Q&A Level lil #120 If the dose rate is 100 mR/hr at 8 feet from a radioisotope gamma source, what is. the approximate dose at 3 feet from the source? 1344 mPMoe 14 mRhr 530 mAlhr 711 mPlhr 53 mB Formula § |What are the two general approaches to indirect thickness measurements using radiographic inspection?PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM ani22016 ‘a. Densitometric comparison and visual comparison . Triangulation and densitometric comparison . Parallax and visual comparison d. Parallax and triangulation Kodak Section 14 page 14/37; Kodak pages 116-117 43.Geiger Mueller (G-M) types of instruments are not suitable for use in monitoring film ‘exposures with betatron high energy radiation because: a. High energy radiation photons cannot excite the G-M tubes to flash over in avalanche modes. . The G-M tubes saturate on each pulse cycie of intense radiation, s0 as to count cycles only ‘c. The signal pulse height is constant and independent ofthe type of incident penetrating radiation, . The G-M tube responds only to signal ionizing events with high sensitivity, MeMasters pages 16.7 and 26.5 44,0f the following beta emitting radioactive sources, which Is frequently used for beta, ray thickness gauging? Carbon-14 Strontium-90 Cesium-137 |. Krypton-85 McMasters 18.15 and 18.17 45, An assembly that contains a number of very minute components is radiographed. In evaluating the radiograph, which one of the following is most correct? a. Use 50 X magnifier b. Use 3-5 X magnifier ©. Use a micrometer d. Use a magnifier with a fluorescent bulb Kodak page 125, right column; Habk, ed, 192 1383PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM e122016 46. When electrons of sufficient energy interact with the nucleus of atoms, continuous X- rays are produced. What is this called? a. Grenz rays , Bremstrahiung ©. Kanalstrahlen 4, Absorption edges RT Hbk pg 86, 1 col, 2°! para; CT-6-6, page 2-9; McMasters 19-27; Grenz rays (less than 10 KeV) defined in McMasters 4.11 47.Since damage in ‘specimens do not provide the necessary X-ray ‘contrast, an X-ray opaque fluid should be applied to the surface of the specimen in the damaged region. Cast iron Solid rocket propellants Composite Welds Materials Hnbk Vol 17, page 362 left on nuclear tracers, 48, Which of the following is nota true advantage of solid state cameras as opposed to the tube type cameras used in real-time radiography: Solid state cameras are much smaller. They have reduced lag. Solid state cameras are not damaged by intense light. Individual pixel elements may be addressed and the signals processed digitally. Itis necessary to use a slower scanner rate where very low radiation intensities, are experienced, IT Hdbk 270 both columns 149sPRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM ayr2i2016 49, 50. 51 When performing in-motion radiography, the unsharpness ofthe resulting image is directly proportional to the » focal spot size, and thickness of the specimen. a. Sift width b. Source sit distance cc. Intensity ofthe radiation beam. Energy of the radiation beam Study Guide Figure 9.8 and page 71, equation 32; Kodak Section 14, page 4/37 On a radiograph, the sharpness ofthe transition between different densities produced by sharply defined subject edges is known as: Radiographic contrast 9. Radiographic definition Radiographic density None of the above Kodak Section 8, page 2/10; Kodak page 65, right column; Q&A Leval Ill #135 15103PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM eyt22016 53, 54 55. The fact that each solid crystalline substance produces its own characteristic X-ray pattern is the basis for: ‘a. Xeroradiography b. Fluoroscopic testing c. Polymorphic testing d. X-ray diffraction examination, FIT Hak 427 (best answer) ; Kodak Section 14 page 39/37; Kodak page 129; McMasters 17-3 and 17-4 ‘56, The mottling caused by diffraction when radiographing fairy large-grained metallic ‘specimens can be reduced and, in some cases, eliminated by: Using a front fiter. Using a back filter. Increasing kV. and C above. ‘Aand B above. RT Habk 158, left col; Kodak Section 6, page 10/12; Kodak page 44, left column; Partially Q&A Level Il #250; McMasters 20-24PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM ali22016 57.When comparing fluorescent intensitying screens with lead fll screens, their primary advantage is: ‘a. Improved image resolution. b. Markedly increased exposure times. ©. Markedly decreased exposure times. d._ Relative insensitivity to scattered radiation. Kodak Section 5, page 7/12; Kodak page 83, right column ‘58. The term parallax is usually used in radiography with regard to a, Use of collimators b. Amethod for determining the depth of a discontinuity within a specimen. c. A fluorescent screen display. 4. Alignment of source to fm, RIT Hak 419-421; Kodak Section 14, page 12/97; Kodak page 115; Formula 3 '59.Cobalt-60 has a published AICI factor of 1.35. How many roentgens per hour at one ‘meter wil a 100 Ci Co-60 source produce after 5.3 years? 135 ihr 100 Phe 67.5 Rihr 135 Ribr None of the above. Formula 12 using half lives for n 60. How long could a person work 8 fest from a 70 Ci Co-60 source that is shielded by 3 inches of lead, and receive a dose of 300 mR? a. 0.50hr b. 1.16 hr ©. 121 hr d. 1.96 hr Formulas 5, 12 and 13 a9PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM 12/2016 61.From the density formula: Density = Log (incident light intensity transmitted light intensity) for a density 1.0, the incident light intens ty must be 10 times brighter than the transmitted light intensity. For a density of 4.0, what must the incident light intensity be? 10,000 4,000 100 40,000 RIT Hb 164; Formula 8; Kodak Section 7 page 7/28; Kodak page 50 62. The miiamperage time rule states that for a given set of conditions, the product of millamperage and time is constant for the same photographic effect. This is referred to by one of the following names: a. Ohm's Law b. Reciprocity Law . Planck's Law 4d. Inverse Square Law RIT Habk 149; Kodak Section 7 page 4/28; Kodak page 48; Formula 6 63.A source of electrons is needed to bombard a target material in atypical X- ‘This is accomplished by: ‘a. Generating thermal electrons at the cathode. b. Attracting electrons from the air toward a positive anode potential cc. Heating up the anode to accelerate electrons toward the cathode target material d. Current flow through any conductor. ‘Study Guide page 13, right column; CT-6-6, page 2-9, para 9.a and pages 3-5 0 3-6 64. The major difference between neutron and X-ray radiography ‘a. The way in which neutrons are removed from the inspection beam by the specimen. b. The manner the beam is collimated, cc. The thickness of the metallic specimens that can be radiographed. . The latitude and contrast of neutron radiographs is superior. Study Guide page 93, left column 1998PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM 22016 65. n afield emission tube, what material is the cathode generally made from? a. Tungsten bi Nickel ©. Gold 4. Copper IT Habk 410, rt, 2; Material not described; Field emission Kodak Section 2, page 5111; Kodak pages 10 and 117; Study Guide (70 rt) describes flash radiography 6.In a group of film characteristic curves plotted on one graph, which of the folowing ‘would be the fastest film? ‘a. The fastest film curve is the one that les to the left of the other curves. b. The fastest film curve is the one that lies tothe right ofthe ather curves. cc. The fastest film curves is the one whose characteristic curve crosses af least one. of the others. 4. Its not possible to determine film speed from relative positions of characteristic curves. CT-6-6, page 48 67.A radiograph made using film A with an exposure of 20 mA-s has a densily of 1.5 in the area of maximum interest. It is desired to make a second exposure wih a density of 2.0 in the area of interest, From the characteristic curve for film A, the log relative exposure for a density of 1.5 is 2.08 and the log relative exposure for a density of 2.0 is 2.22. How many mA-s are required for the second exposure’? 142.8 dak “Bee 278 . 213 tee 444 Formula 9 1993PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM ei2e016 ‘68. low energy isotope with a principal gamma peak at 52 KeV useful for radiograchy of thin steel sections, light metals, plastics, and wood is: a. Califomium-252 . Kridium-182 cc. Yiterbium-165 d. Cobalt-57 “Thullium not listed as a chob Level ill Q 67 but has wavelength per McMasters 15.20; Q&A ‘69. What is the function of the focusing cup of a cathode assembly in an X-ray tube? fa. Increase the number of electrons. . Controls the divergence of the electron beam. . Rejects all electrons less than a certain energy. d. Increases electron speed. Kodak Section 2 2age 1/11; Kodak page 7, left column 70.11 the half value layer of a specific material is 0.5 inch (1.27 cm), what thickness of ‘that material would be required to reduce the radiation level from 128 mPhr to 2 mehr? a. 1.87 inches b. 2.06 inches ©. 3.00 inches d. 4.00 inches Formulas 12 and 13 71.Which of the following is best used 10 express the decay of radioactive materials in the body? a Radioactive half fe Biological half ite Effective haf life Internal halflife None of the above EPA Handout explains relationship between top 3 20/93PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM ayt2i2016 72.The gradient of a specific radiographic fm characteristic curve relating film density ‘to the logarithm of X-ray exposure varies primarily only withthe: Developed film density resulting from exposure and processing, Energy of X-radiation used during exposure. Degree of fixing ofthe developed film, prior to washing and drying. Gradiant for any specific X-ray film is constant and does nat vary with either exposure or resultant film density. Kodak Section 16, pages 1 and 2; Kodak pages 196-137 73. The quantity of radiation reaching a unit area of film: 1. Is the product of radiation intensity and time. b. Is the intensity per unt of time. «. Is directly proportional to intensity and inversely proportional to time. 4. Varies exponentially with time and directly with intensity, Kodak Section 4, pages 1 and 2 of 12; Kodak page 22, left and right columns 74.Photons of penetrating radiation with longer wavelengths: Have more energy than short wavelength photons. ‘Travel further through matter than short wavelength photons. Have higher velocities than short wavelength photons. Have lower energies and less penetrating power than short wavelength photons. Kodak Section 4 page 2/12; Kodak page 22, left colurn 75.Whatis the primary problem with sources of Co-60 in excess of 1000 Ci? a. Halt life b. SelF-absomption ©. FIC d. Beta radiation Kodak Section 2 page 8/11; Kodak page 12, left and right column 2193PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM aytar2016 76.In the inspection of materials by fluoroscopic techniques, which of the folowing factors limits radiographic sensitivity the most? ‘a. Grain size of the fluoroscopic screen. b. Bucky grids ©. Applied voltage di. Tube target size Kodak Section 14, page 22/37; Kodak page 122 77.Whatis the maximum recommended KV that should be used in the pinhole ‘projection method of measuring focal spot size? 140 kV 250 KV ‘400 kV 1000 kV Kodak Section 3 page 8/9; Kodak page 20, right colurn 78. The times of exposure in flash radiography are usually on the order of: Nanoseconds Microseconds Milliseconds Seconds Kodak Section 2, page 5/11; Kodak page 10; Q&A Level Il #238 ‘78.Which gas is commonly used in the chamber of a gaseous ionizaton detector? \- Carbon dioxide Nitrogen Oxygen |. Carbon monoxide McMasters 16.2 22193,PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM anrarore 80.From strictly an energy standpoint, which one of the following radioisotope sources ‘would be the best choice for radiography of a steel specimen 0.975 inch tick? |. Cobalt-60. ‘Thulum-170 Iridium-192 Califorium-252 Cosium-137 Kodak Section 2 page 10/11; Kodak page 14, Table 3; McMasters 1.22; Q&A Level Ill Question #68; CT-6-6, page 6-24 Table 81. Given the specimen thickness is 1 inch, the source size is 1/9 inch diameter, and the. ‘SOD is 24 inches, what is the geometric unsharpness? ‘a. 0.005 inches b. 0.010 inches ©. 0.028 inches d. 0.038 inches Kodak Section 3, page 6-7/9; Kodak page 19; Formula 1 £82. The shielding required to reduce the intensity of a 10 Ci Co-80 source to 75 mAVhr at 11 m would be approximately: 6 inches of concrete. 8.25 inches of lead. 8.75 inches of lead. 2 inches of load. Formula 12 and McMasters 26.9; Kodak page 13, Table 2 £83, Real-time imaging systems using fluorescent screens for X-ray to light conversion, cr systems with intensifier to TV camera chains, require coupling of the optical signals betwoan components. This is accompliched by use of: a. Mirors b. Lenses ©. Fiberoptics di. Allof the above Kodak Section 14 pages 22-23/37; Kodak page 122; Study Guide page 77 203PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM ayt22016 ‘84, Of the following radiozctive isotopes, which has only one gamma energy? ‘a. Cobal-60 b. Cesium-137 ©. tridium-192 4. Thulium-176 Kodak Section 2, page 9/11; Kodak page 13, Table 2 £85. Whon working witha berylium window X-ray tube operating at 60 KV, the use of one rmilimeter (0.04 inch) thick aluminum fiter would: Notbe significant. Filter out the low energy component strongly. Filler out the high energy component strongly. Result in a severe loss of useful radiation. apse Kodak page 42; Study Guide 65 £86.When the images of fimm-side and source-side penetrameters of the same thickness are compared, the image of the eource-cide penatrametor ueually will be: fa. Sharper with iess contrast b. Fuzzier with more contrast ©. Sharper with more contrast. 4d. Fuzzier with less contrast. Kodak Section 8 page 7/10; Kodak page 169, left 87.An X-ray unit that generally produces both higher beam intensities and higher ‘energy radiographs show: 1. Sel-recttied circu. b. Fullwwave rectification circuit ©. Single phase circuit d. Halfawave rectification circuit. Materials Hnbk Vol 17, 8 ed, page 904-05; Mc Masters 14.5 and 14.6 24193PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM a2/2016 £88. In comparison of radiographs made at 300 kV versus radiographs made at 8 MeV, the higher energy radiographs show: ‘a. Greater contrast. b. Greater sharpness. cc. Less scattered raciation relative to primary beam intensity. 4d. Greater scattered radiation relative to primary beam intensity. Materials Hnbk Vol 17, 9" ed, page 307; MeMasters page 20.35 and 23.1 89. What does the atomic number of an element signify? . The number of electrons in orbit. ‘The number of protons in the nucleus. ‘The number of the element in order on the petiodic table, Allof the above. None of the above, Kodak Section 2 page 11/11 20.0f the three ionization processes, which is most likely to produce scatter at 250 kV? Photoelectric effect (absorption) . Compton effect Pair production Allof the above None of the above CT-6-6 page 216 9 Itis sometimes necessary to convert the dose rate of a radioisotope or the output of ‘an X-ray unit from that ata distance of one meter to what it would be al one foot. To do this, we must: ‘a. Divide the dose at one meter by 10.76. . Multiply the dose at one meter by 10.76. c. Divide the dose by 3.28, d. Multiply the dose by 3.28. Unit analysis and Formula 5 Inverse Square Law 25193,PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM eyr22016 '92.Because itis normally produced as a water soluble compound, which of the following is consideredto have an additional radiological hazard potential associated with it? Cobalt-60 ‘Thulium-170 Iridium-192 Cesium-137 Yiterbium-169 MeMasters page 15.22, Q&A Level Ill #66 '93.In microradiography, what is extremely important, aside from the thickness of the ‘specimen? ‘a. Focal film distance. bb. Object to film distance, ©. Focal spot size. 4. Inherent fitration Kodak Section 14 page 27/97; Kodak page 118 and 125; McMasters 20-41, -43 & 44 ‘94.11 1s desired to double the exposure of a radiograph by changing focal fm distance. ‘Assuming the original cistance to be 3 ft, what will the new distance be? a. 1.338 b. 2008 ©. 212m d. 234ft Kodak Section 4, page3/12; Kodak page 24; Formula § '95.A device utlized to absorb radiation from the center of radiation beam and provide a more uniform distribution of intensity is a ‘a, Collimator b. Fiter c. Mask 4d, Compensator Materials Hnbk, 9" ed, Vol 17, page 308, left columnPRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM eri2e016 96. OF the following components of background (natural) radiation, which does not belong? a. Cosmic rays b. Gamma rays ©. X-rays d. Particulate radiation Study Guide page 22 97.01 the following radioactive isotopes, which has the highest MeV gamma radiation?” a. Cobal-60 b. Gesium-137 ©. Iridium-182 &. Thulum-176 CT-6.6, page 3-18; Kodak Section 2 page 9/11; Kodak page 13, Table 2 98, OF the following factors, which affects the film density? a. The amount of radiation emitted by the radiation source, . The proportion of radiation passing through the specimen. cc. The intensifying action of screens, if used. . Allof the above, ‘99. Which of the following have mass and weight and are components of radiation? Proton, neutron, and electron Photon, neutron, and electron Alpha, beta, and neutrons a b c. 4. Alpha, beta, and gamma ‘Study Guide page 3; McMasters page 13.1 and 13.5 20193PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM ayt2/2016 100.__ When radiographing large grained metallic specimens, mottling caused by diffraction can be reduced and in some cases eliminated by: Using a front fier. Using a back fier Increasing KV ‘Aand B above, Aand C above. Kodak Section 6, page 11/12; Kodak page 44, left column; MeMasters 20.24 101. Uranium is designated U-238 in the periodic table. The number 238 is called ‘which one of the following? ‘The atomic number of Uranium, The atomic weight of Uranium, The order of electrons in the KL, and M shell The actinide series number. ‘Study Guide page 2 left and 3 left 102, At energies in excess of 100 KeV, using lead screens, the radiographic film responds mainly fo. ‘Scattered radiation from the part. ‘Gamma ray interaction with the emulsion. Photoelectrons from the screens. Silver halide grains on the screen. Primary beam interaction of the film, 103. In the construction of X-ray flm what is the purpose of the base coat?” To protect the emulsion from abrasion, To add the blue color tothe film base. To act as an adhesive layer to hold the emulsion to the base. To reduce film curl when wet. perp Materials Hnbk, 9" ed, Vol 17, page 314, lett col, Figure 26, 28/53,PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM eri22016 104. Which of the following characterizes radium the best? Radium is the only naturally occurring radioactive source, Radium is produced by the neutron bombardment of uranium. Radium is a naturally occurring daughter product of uranium 238, Radium has not daughter products. Old Study Guide page 20, right column; Study Guide page 1, left; McMasters 15.7 105. Whyis it necessary to bring a refrigerated film package up to room temperature before opening the package? a. Cold film requires longer exposure. 'b. Because of condensation or moisture on the fim which may produce artifacts on the radiograph, c. Processing of cold flm is almost impossible, 4. Cold makes the emulsion brite. 106. Which of the following materials is (are) used in thermoluminescent dosimeters? CasOx Csl NasSOs uF Both A and D are used Study Guide page 28, left column 107. Which one of the following radiographic ilu least affect proper film interpretation? ator maintenance activities could ‘a. Not changing bulbs at least every three months. . Not cleaning the viewing glass plate, ©. Replacing one bulb with a different wattage than the others in the ilurninator. 4 Replacing one bulb wth a dferent color (ight spectrum) than te other inthe illuminator. 29193PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM eyrae016 108. What can be done tc provide contrast amplification in fluoroscopy? a. Use lower kV. . Use higher kV. ©. Bring X-ray tube closer to the screen. d. Photograph the image using high contrast fm. 109. A series of well defined ruptures caused by high localized stresses which develop as a casting cools would be identified as: ‘a. Shrinkage. b. Cold shuts. cc. Segregation. G. Hot tears. @. None of the above. Study Guide page 106, right column; Materials Hnbk, 9" ed, Vol 17, page 349, left ‘column 110, Ina radiograph of a butt weld in a steel plate, what do dark circular indications. located randomly throughout the weld area indicate? a. Inclusions of radiographically dense materials. . Scattered gas porosity. ©. Spatter globules on the surface of the plate. 4d. Undercutting Materials Hnbk, 9" ed, Vol 17, page 250; Study Guide page 106, rt column; Q&A Level ill ~ #271 111. Which of the following human cell categories is the most resistant to radiation injury? Lymphocytes Nerve cells Bile duct cells Basal cells Granulocytes ‘Study Guide page 22, right columnPRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM anrai2016 142. The term used to indicate the size of the smallest detail which can be seen ina radiograph is: a. Radiographic definition. b. Subject contrast ¢. Radiographic accuracy. 4d. Radiographic sensitivity. ‘Study Guide page 38, rt column; Q&A Lovel Ill #117 113, What is the geometric unsharpness of the image of an object located 2 inches. below the source side surface (away from the film) of a 3 inch thick test object when radiographed with an 8 mm (0.315 inch) focal spot at 24 inches focus-to-fim? ‘a. 0.007 inch b. 0.014 inch e. 0,030 inch <4. 0.045 inch Kodak Section 3, page 6/9; Kodak page 1! Formula + 114, Radiographic tomography is a penetrating radiation imaging technique ‘a. For detecting laminations in steel plate. . Designed to image a selected plane in a structure to the exclusion of the layers above or below the one of interest. ©. That provides rapid, real-time radiological images of laminated circuit boards. 4. For obtaining precise dimensional relationships from a radiograph. Kodak Section 14, page 5/37; Kodak page 111, left column; Study Guide page 83, left column 3193PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM ataent6 115, The proportional relationship between measured gamma ray intensity and ‘number of curies does not hold for large physical source sizes with low specific activities because of: Solf-absorption Buildup Intemal decay Fission losses Kodak Section 2, page @/11; Kodak page 12, right column; ~Q8A Level II #165 116. Thin narrow parallel lines in the direction of film travel in an automatic processor ‘are most likely the result of: a. Improperty adjusted fim guides. . Buildup of foreign matter on rollers or improper roller clearances in the developer section. ‘Minute deposits left on a roller of a newly installed or recently cleaned processor. Foreign particles falling an the film as it enters the processor. Materials Hnbk, 9! ed, Vol 17, page 355 117. After six half lives of radioisotope sources, how much of the original radioactive ‘material remains? a. 16% b. 6% ©. 12% J. 16.6% 2. 93.9% Use hall lives for nin Formula 12; Kodak page 12; CT-6-6, page 2-21, Figure 2-16; QBA Level Ill Question 69PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM an2i2016 118, In the nuclear fel, it is sometimes necessary to determine fuel distribution within ‘given fuel element. This can be accomplished by placing radiographic film in ccontact with the fuel element resulting in exposure ofthe film to radioactivity. This process is known as: a b. J Neutron radiography ‘Autoradiography Fluoroscopy Microradiography Kodak Section 14, page 18/97; Kodak page 119 to 120, right column 119. b. « a AIT Habk page 5 120. b. J Of the following radioactive isotopes, which is produced by atomic fission? Cobalt-60 Cosium-137 tridium-192, ‘Thulium-176 : Study Guide page 18, left column ‘The duty cycle of X-ray apparatus is: (Of maximum concem in the selection of portable X-ray equipment, Only important in gamma radiography. Important in the selection of equipment to be used for numerous lengthy exposures, Used to determine the length of a required exposure. CT-6-6, page 312 a3PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM eyt2/2016 121. A radiograph is taken at @ voltage of 500 KV. Ifthe voltage is increased to 600, KY while all other conditions remain the same: The graininess of the radiograph will increase significantly if a high speed film is used. b. The graininess of the radiograph will decrease significantly if alow speed fim is used. ©, The graininess of the radiograph will increase insignificantly i a Class | fm is used. 4, ‘There willbe Iittle change in the graininess of the radiograph. McMasters 16.22 122, Films that remain between lead screens too long in high temperature and high humidity may: a. Have increased speed. b. Have decreased speed. c. Become fogged. 4d. Become mottied. Kodak Section 5, page 4/12; Kodak page 32, right column Kodak Ch. 5, page 42 123._ In microradiographic techniques, the absorption of low energy X-rays must be taken into consideration. For example, with 7.5 kV X raya produced by a beryllium window tube with 1.5 mm inherent ftration, the X-ray intensity is reduced by one half in passing through 47 cm of air, One method of overcoming the requirement for excessively long exposures due to alr absorption is to conduct the radiography in a vacuum. Which of the following is also feasible? ‘2. Conduct the radiography in a hellum atmosphere. 'b. Conduct the radiography in cold air between -70 and 90 C. c, Use no screen type fim. dd. Replace the beryllium window tube with a conventional glass window tube. Kodak Section 14 page 26/97; Kodak page 124-25 (not specific) 3493PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM g/12/2016 124. The ralio of the total X-radiation power produced to the total power of the impinging electron beam on the target is referred to as the a. Target potential b. Target size determinator. c. Target efficiency. 4. Focal spot selector. Materials Hnbk, 9 ed, Vol 17, page 304, left column, Figure 13 125, If it were necessary to radiograph a 0.5 inch thick steel product, which of the following gamma ray sources would most Ikely be used? Cobalt-60 Thulium-170 Iridium-192 Cesium-137 Kodak Section 2, page 10/11; Kodak page 14; McMasters 15.17 126. One way to achieve high radiographic film contrast is to use: a. Film with a high gradient. b. Film with a low gradient 4. Increased development time. |. Decreased development time. Kodak pages 196-97; Q&A Level Ill #130, 127. What will the shape of a characteristic curve not tell you about the X-ray film? lis speed. lis contrast. Its spectral sensitivity. Its graininess. McMasters 16.22 to 16.23; Materials Hnbk, 9 ed, Vol 17, page 326, right column 3593PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM anr2z016 128. itis acceptable practice to review radiographs: fa. In a room with sufficient lighting to compensate for the bright glare coming from the illuminator. b. Ina room with sufficient lighting so that the reflection density, da, can be defined a the logarithm of the incident light intensity, le to the reflected light intensity 13. c. In subdued lighting tree from reflections that may hinder fm interpretation. d, Allof the above are acceptable. 8. None of the above are acceptable, McMasters 21.17; ~ Q&A Level il #197 128. Characteristic radiation is known by a different term in X-ray diffraction. Which of the following terms is it? fa, Scattered radiation, b. Secondary radiation. . Characteristic X-ray spectrum. J. Fluorescent X-rays. McMasters 17.1 and 17.22 180. Lead screens used infilm cassettes absorb: ‘2, Proportionally more short wavelength radiation than long wavelength radiation. b. The same amount of long or short wavelength radiation. ©. Proportionally more scattered radiation than primary radiation. 4d. No radiation, Kodak Section §, page 1/2; Kodak page 30, right column 181. The radiation induced change in a grain of crystal (on a firm) that renders the {grain readily susceptible to the chemical action of the developer is called: The exposure effect. Photographic latent image formation. The development effect Radiographic intensification. Reciprocity failure. Kodak Section 18, page 1/11; Kodak page 147, left column 36193:PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM en22016 182, The operably ofa survey instrument used in industrial radiorgrapty should be checked at which ofthe following intervals? ‘a. Once per year b. Every 6 months. ©. Before each use. 4. Three times per year. Study Guide page 20~ 193. For large gamma sources, radiation intensity may not be proportional to the source activity due to the effects of a. Inverse decay ’b. Sell-absomption. ci Monochromatic absorption. Quantum deactivation. Kodak Section 2, page 8/11; Kodak page 12, right column; Q&A Level Il #76 184. Iidium-192 has an PUCi of 0.48, and a hall life of 70 days. Tha lium 192 source was 100 curies when received 140 days ago. How many roentgens per hour should be expected at two meters from the source? ‘a, 48 roentgens per hour b. 24 roentgens per hour ©. 3 roentgens per hour d. Neutrons Formula 12 using haf ives for n and Formula 5. 3788PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM en2ieo16 Feedback Sep 2007 195. When an electron moves from one shell to a shel of higher activity this is known as a. lonization b. Excitation ©. Brehmstraulung d. Osmosis ‘ASM Metals Handbook Vol 17, page 298, left, 3% Para 136. What source would be used when performing radiography on aS inch aluminum wold? a. C060 b. 25 MeV ©. 1MeV . 400KV fe. iriee Kodak Table 1, 197. Phenidone and hydroquinone are used in developer to. Maintain developer solution . Provide alkalinity Darke film Provide acidity RT Habk, pg 282, Tbl 5; T.0. 838-1 |, 1990 rev, page 5-101, para 5-305 198, Delete Atoc BtoC CtoB Below 200 KV RT Habk, pg 227; Kodak 143, Fig 124; Vol 17 (above 200 KV) 3893.PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM sir2/2016 199, What isthe difference in film density between a 3.0 toa 2.02 2 Kodak page 50, lef; Vol 17 page 824, left 140. The KV formula is E=mA xT/D2, What is different in the gamma ray formula? ae b. mA eT a. DF 7 .0, 338-1-1, 1990 rev, page 5-76, para 5-276 141. Six diferent penetrameters were shot at the same time on 5 inches of aluminum. What is the image quality? Hole Thickness 7 ar ar aT aT aT a 1.4% b. 20% ©. 4.0% d. 10.0% Use image quality formula. 39193,PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM e12/2016 142. The wavelength emitted from an X-ray unit is______. a. Polychromatic b. Monochromatic cc. Xray wavelengths are uniform CT-6-6, page 2-9 (brehmsstraulhung or continuous) 143. _Ifno manuals were available, which of the following could still be measured? a. Actual focal spot b. Effective focal spot ©. Gone of radiation 144. Which of the following would be considered a planar flaw? Lack of fusion Lack of penetration ‘Worm hole |. Bum through AWD B1.1 Handout. AWS D1.1 says LOP, LOF and cracks are planar 145. Which source would be suitable for radiographic inspection of 0.375 inc thick ‘steel? a. Ine2 b. Cs137 ©, Gobo d. Case CT-6-6, page 6-24 Does not state. Pick Ir 192 over C3137PRACTICE RADIOGRAPHY EXAM arra016 Feb 2008 Report 146. Six half value layers will reduce radiographic intensity by a factor of I 147. A.Co60 source puts out 1.3 Rihr per Ci at 1 m. After 10.6 years the output per Ci ‘of a 70 Ci source will be a OR b. 17.56% ©. 350i 4d. 1.3 RIC Read what itis asking for carefully 148, Alpha particles are Electrons Helium nuclei Protons Neutrons Gamma rays ASNT Handbook page 45 left column, last para; McMasters 15.1 149. According to the specication, given 0.5 inch thick weld joint with a 0375 inch ‘backing bar in place isto be radiographed, what would be the appropriate Penetrameter and shim, it needed, forthe shot? . 0.010 thick penetrameter and a 0.975 inch shim 5. 0.020 thick penetrameter and no shim (0.05 thick penetrameter and a 0.975 inch shim 0.097 thick penetrameter and a 0.5 shiim 41m